id	sid	tid	token	lemma	pos
afs-53275	1	1	agricultural	agricultural	ADJ
afs-53275	1	2	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	1	3	food	food	NOUN
afs-53275	1	4	science	science	PROPN
afs-53275	1	5	j.	j.	PROPN
afs-53275	1	6	niemi	niemi	PROPN
afs-53275	1	7	&	&	CCONJ
afs-53275	1	8	x.	x.	PROPN
afs-53275	1	9	liu	liu	PROPN
afs-53275	1	10	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	1	11	2016	2016	NUM
afs-53275	1	12	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	1	13	25	25	NUM
afs-53275	1	14	:	:	PUNCT
afs-53275	1	15	177–186	177–186	NUM
afs-53275	1	16	177	177	NUM
afs-53275	1	17	manuscript	manuscript	NOUN
afs-53275	1	18	received	receive	VERB
afs-53275	1	19	november	november	PROPN
afs-53275	1	20	2015	2015	NUM
afs-53275	1	21	empirical	empirical	ADJ
afs-53275	1	22	“	"	PUNCT
afs-53275	1	23	first	first	ADJ
afs-53275	1	24	-	-	PUNCT
afs-53275	1	25	filter	filter	NOUN
afs-53275	1	26	”	"	PUNCT
afs-53275	1	27	test	test	NOUN
afs-53275	1	28	for	for	ADP
afs-53275	1	29	the	the	DET
afs-53275	1	30	existence	existence	NOUN
afs-53275	1	31	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	1	32	buyer	buyer	NOUN
afs-53275	1	33	power	power	NOUN
afs-53275	1	34	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	1	35	the	the	DET
afs-53275	1	36	finnish	finnish	ADJ
afs-53275	1	37	food	food	NOUN
afs-53275	1	38	supply	supply	NOUN
afs-53275	1	39	chain	chain	NOUN
afs-53275	1	40	jyrki	jyrki	NOUN
afs-53275	1	41	niemi	niemi	PROPN
afs-53275	1	42	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	1	43	xing	xing	PROPN
afs-53275	1	44	liu	liu	PROPN
afs-53275	1	45	luke	luke	PROPN
afs-53275	1	46	natural	natural	PROPN
afs-53275	1	47	resources	resources	PROPN
afs-53275	1	48	institute	institute	PROPN
afs-53275	1	49	finland	finland	PROPN
afs-53275	1	50	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	1	51	economics	economic	NOUN
afs-53275	1	52	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	1	53	society	society	NOUN
afs-53275	1	54	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	1	55	latokartanonkaari	latokartanonkaari	X
afs-53275	1	56	9	9	NUM
afs-53275	1	57	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	1	58	fi-00790	fi-00790	NOUN
afs-53275	1	59	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	1	60	helsinki	helsinki	PROPN
afs-53275	1	61	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	1	62	email	email	NOUN
afs-53275	1	63	:	:	PUNCT
afs-53275	1	64	jyrki.niemi@luke.fi	jyrki.niemi@luke.fi	ADJ
afs-53275	1	65	buyer	buyer	NOUN
afs-53275	1	66	power	power	NOUN
afs-53275	1	67	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	1	68	competition	competition	NOUN
afs-53275	1	69	policy	policy	NOUN
afs-53275	1	70	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	1	71	food	food	NOUN
afs-53275	1	72	supply	supply	NOUN
afs-53275	1	73	chains	chain	NOUN
afs-53275	1	74	has	have	AUX
afs-53275	1	75	emerged	emerge	VERB
afs-53275	1	76	as	as	ADP
afs-53275	1	77	an	an	DET
afs-53275	1	78	important	important	ADJ
afs-53275	1	79	economic	economic	ADJ
afs-53275	1	80	issue	issue	NOUN
afs-53275	1	81	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	1	82	a	a	DET
afs-53275	1	83	highly	highly	ADV
afs-53275	1	84	sensitive	sensitive	ADJ
afs-53275	1	85	item	item	NOUN
afs-53275	1	86	on	on	ADP
afs-53275	1	87	the	the	DET
afs-53275	1	88	policy	policy	NOUN
afs-53275	1	89	agenda	agenda	NOUN
afs-53275	1	90	around	around	ADP
afs-53275	1	91	the	the	DET
afs-53275	1	92	world	world	NOUN
afs-53275	1	93	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	2	1	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	2	2	finland	finland	PROPN
afs-53275	2	3	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	2	4	the	the	DET
afs-53275	2	5	increasing	increase	VERB
afs-53275	2	6	concentration	concentration	NOUN
afs-53275	2	7	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	2	8	the	the	DET
afs-53275	2	9	distribution	distribution	NOUN
afs-53275	2	10	sector	sector	NOUN
afs-53275	2	11	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	2	12	processing	processing	NOUN
afs-53275	2	13	industry	industry	NOUN
afs-53275	2	14	has	have	AUX
afs-53275	2	15	raised	raise	VERB
afs-53275	2	16	concern	concern	NOUN
afs-53275	2	17	over	over	ADP
afs-53275	2	18	the	the	DET
afs-53275	2	19	existence	existence	NOUN
afs-53275	2	20	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	2	21	gradual	gradual	ADJ
afs-53275	2	22	growth	growth	NOUN
afs-53275	2	23	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	2	24	buyer	buyer	NOUN
afs-53275	2	25	power	power	NOUN
afs-53275	2	26	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	2	27	these	these	DET
afs-53275	2	28	sectors	sector	NOUN
afs-53275	2	29	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	3	1	the	the	DET
afs-53275	3	2	purpose	purpose	NOUN
afs-53275	3	3	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	3	4	this	this	DET
afs-53275	3	5	paper	paper	NOUN
afs-53275	3	6	is	be	AUX
afs-53275	3	7	to	to	PART
afs-53275	3	8	investigate	investigate	VERB
afs-53275	3	9	the	the	DET
afs-53275	3	10	possible	possible	ADJ
afs-53275	3	11	existence	existence	NOUN
afs-53275	3	12	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	3	13	buyer	buyer	NOUN
afs-53275	3	14	power	power	NOUN
afs-53275	3	15	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	3	16	the	the	DET
afs-53275	3	17	finnish	finnish	ADJ
afs-53275	3	18	food	food	NOUN
afs-53275	3	19	supply	supply	NOUN
afs-53275	3	20	chain	chain	NOUN
afs-53275	3	21	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	4	1	more	more	ADV
afs-53275	4	2	specifically	specifically	ADV
afs-53275	4	3	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	4	4	we	we	PRON
afs-53275	4	5	follow	follow	VERB
afs-53275	4	6	an	an	DET
afs-53275	4	7	approach	approach	NOUN
afs-53275	4	8	used	use	VERB
afs-53275	4	9	by	by	ADP
afs-53275	4	10	lloyd	lloyd	PROPN
afs-53275	4	11	et	et	PROPN
afs-53275	4	12	al	al	PROPN
afs-53275	4	13	.	.	PROPN
afs-53275	5	1	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	5	2	2009	2009	NUM
afs-53275	5	3	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	6	1	to	to	PART
afs-53275	6	2	measure	measure	VERB
afs-53275	6	3	oligopsony	oligopsony	NOUN
afs-53275	6	4	power	power	NOUN
afs-53275	6	5	among	among	ADP
afs-53275	6	6	the	the	DET
afs-53275	6	7	finnish	finnish	ADJ
afs-53275	6	8	food	food	NOUN
afs-53275	6	9	industry	industry	NOUN
afs-53275	6	10	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	6	11	retailers	retailer	NOUN
afs-53275	6	12	against	against	ADP
afs-53275	6	13	farmers	farmer	NOUN
afs-53275	6	14	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	7	1	the	the	DET
afs-53275	7	2	results	result	NOUN
afs-53275	7	3	suggest	suggest	VERB
afs-53275	7	4	that	that	SCONJ
afs-53275	7	5	the	the	DET
afs-53275	7	6	spread	spread	NOUN
afs-53275	7	7	between	between	ADP
afs-53275	7	8	producer	producer	NOUN
afs-53275	7	9	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	7	10	retailer	retailer	NOUN
afs-53275	7	11	prices	price	NOUN
afs-53275	7	12	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	7	13	finland	finland	PROPN
afs-53275	7	14	is	be	AUX
afs-53275	7	15	not	not	PART
afs-53275	7	16	consistent	consistent	ADJ
afs-53275	7	17	with	with	ADP
afs-53275	7	18	perfectly	perfectly	ADV
afs-53275	7	19	competitive	competitive	ADJ
afs-53275	7	20	behaviour	behaviour	NOUN
afs-53275	7	21	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	7	22	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	7	23	might	might	AUX
afs-53275	7	24	thus	thus	ADV
afs-53275	7	25	be	be	AUX
afs-53275	7	26	caused	cause	VERB
afs-53275	7	27	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	7	28	at	at	ADP
afs-53275	7	29	least	least	ADJ
afs-53275	7	30	as	as	ADP
afs-53275	7	31	a	a	DET
afs-53275	7	32	candidate	candidate	NOUN
afs-53275	7	33	amongst	amongst	ADP
afs-53275	7	34	other	other	ADJ
afs-53275	7	35	factors	factor	NOUN
afs-53275	7	36	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	7	37	by	by	ADP
afs-53275	7	38	the	the	DET
afs-53275	7	39	existence	existence	NOUN
afs-53275	7	40	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	7	41	oligopsony	oligopsony	NOUN
afs-53275	7	42	power	power	NOUN
afs-53275	7	43	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	7	44	the	the	DET
afs-53275	7	45	finnish	finnish	ADJ
afs-53275	7	46	food	food	NOUN
afs-53275	7	47	supply	supply	NOUN
afs-53275	7	48	chain	chain	NOUN
afs-53275	7	49	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	8	1	key	key	ADJ
afs-53275	8	2	words	word	NOUN
afs-53275	8	3	:	:	PUNCT
afs-53275	8	4	concentration	concentration	NOUN
afs-53275	8	5	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	8	6	market	market	NOUN
afs-53275	8	7	power	power	NOUN
afs-53275	8	8	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	8	9	vecm	vecm	NOUN
afs-53275	8	10	introduction	introduction	VERB
afs-53275	8	11	the	the	DET
afs-53275	8	12	food	food	NOUN
afs-53275	8	13	supply	supply	NOUN
afs-53275	8	14	chain	chain	NOUN
afs-53275	8	15	generally	generally	ADV
afs-53275	8	16	consists	consist	VERB
afs-53275	8	17	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	8	18	three	three	NUM
afs-53275	8	19	main	main	ADJ
afs-53275	8	20	sectors	sector	NOUN
afs-53275	8	21	:	:	PUNCT
afs-53275	8	22	the	the	DET
afs-53275	8	23	agricultural	agricultural	ADJ
afs-53275	8	24	sector	sector	NOUN
afs-53275	8	25	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	8	26	the	the	DET
afs-53275	8	27	food	food	NOUN
afs-53275	8	28	processing	processing	NOUN
afs-53275	8	29	industry	industry	NOUN
afs-53275	8	30	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	8	31	the	the	DET
afs-53275	8	32	distribution	distribution	NOUN
afs-53275	8	33	sectors	sector	NOUN
afs-53275	8	34	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	8	35	wholesale	wholesale	ADJ
afs-53275	8	36	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	8	37	retail	retail	ADJ
afs-53275	8	38	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	8	39	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	8	40	bukeviciute	bukeviciute	NOUN
afs-53275	8	41	et	et	PROPN
afs-53275	8	42	al	al	PROPN
afs-53275	8	43	.	.	PROPN
afs-53275	8	44	2009	2009	NUM
afs-53275	8	45	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	8	46	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	9	1	buyer	buyer	NOUN
afs-53275	9	2	power	power	NOUN
afs-53275	9	3	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	9	4	competition	competition	NOUN
afs-53275	9	5	policy	policy	NOUN
afs-53275	9	6	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	9	7	food	food	NOUN
afs-53275	9	8	supply	supply	NOUN
afs-53275	9	9	chains	chain	NOUN
afs-53275	9	10	has	have	AUX
afs-53275	9	11	emerged	emerge	VERB
afs-53275	9	12	as	as	ADP
afs-53275	9	13	an	an	DET
afs-53275	9	14	important	important	ADJ
afs-53275	9	15	economic	economic	ADJ
afs-53275	9	16	issue	issue	NOUN
afs-53275	9	17	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	9	18	a	a	DET
afs-53275	9	19	highly	highly	ADV
afs-53275	9	20	sensitive	sensitive	ADJ
afs-53275	9	21	item	item	NOUN
afs-53275	9	22	on	on	ADP
afs-53275	9	23	the	the	DET
afs-53275	9	24	policy	policy	NOUN
afs-53275	9	25	agenda	agenda	NOUN
afs-53275	9	26	around	around	ADP
afs-53275	9	27	the	the	DET
afs-53275	9	28	world	world	NOUN
afs-53275	9	29	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	9	30	digal	digal	ADJ
afs-53275	9	31	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	9	32	ahmadi	ahmadi	PROPN
afs-53275	9	33	-	-	PUNCT
afs-53275	9	34	esfahani	esfahani	PROPN
afs-53275	9	35	2002	2002	NUM
afs-53275	9	36	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	9	37	ec	ec	PROPN
afs-53275	9	38	2009	2009	NUM
afs-53275	9	39	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	9	40	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	10	1	the	the	DET
afs-53275	10	2	committee	committee	NOUN
afs-53275	10	3	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	10	4	experts	expert	NOUN
afs-53275	10	5	on	on	ADP
afs-53275	10	6	restrictive	restrictive	ADJ
afs-53275	10	7	business	business	NOUN
afs-53275	10	8	practices	practice	NOUN
afs-53275	10	9	defined	define	VERB
afs-53275	10	10	buyer	buyer	NOUN
afs-53275	10	11	power	power	NOUN
afs-53275	10	12	as	as	ADP
afs-53275	10	13	“	"	PUNCT
afs-53275	10	14	a	a	DET
afs-53275	10	15	situation	situation	NOUN
afs-53275	10	16	which	which	PRON
afs-53275	10	17	exists	exist	VERB
afs-53275	10	18	when	when	SCONJ
afs-53275	10	19	a	a	DET
afs-53275	10	20	firm	firm	NOUN
afs-53275	10	21	or	or	CCONJ
afs-53275	10	22	a	a	DET
afs-53275	10	23	group	group	NOUN
afs-53275	10	24	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	10	25	firms	firm	NOUN
afs-53275	10	26	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	10	27	either	either	CCONJ
afs-53275	10	28	because	because	SCONJ
afs-53275	10	29	it	it	PRON
afs-53275	10	30	has	have	VERB
afs-53275	10	31	a	a	DET
afs-53275	10	32	dominant	dominant	ADJ
afs-53275	10	33	position	position	NOUN
afs-53275	10	34	as	as	ADP
afs-53275	10	35	a	a	DET
afs-53275	10	36	purchaser	purchaser	NOUN
afs-53275	10	37	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	10	38	a	a	DET
afs-53275	10	39	product	product	NOUN
afs-53275	10	40	or	or	CCONJ
afs-53275	10	41	service	service	NOUN
afs-53275	10	42	or	or	CCONJ
afs-53275	10	43	because	because	SCONJ
afs-53275	10	44	it	it	PRON
afs-53275	10	45	has	have	VERB
afs-53275	10	46	strategic	strategic	ADJ
afs-53275	10	47	or	or	CCONJ
afs-53275	10	48	leverage	leverage	NOUN
afs-53275	10	49	advantages	advantage	NOUN
afs-53275	10	50	as	as	ADP
afs-53275	10	51	a	a	DET
afs-53275	10	52	result	result	NOUN
afs-53275	10	53	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	10	54	its	its	PRON
afs-53275	10	55	size	size	NOUN
afs-53275	10	56	or	or	CCONJ
afs-53275	10	57	other	other	ADJ
afs-53275	10	58	characteristics	characteristic	NOUN
afs-53275	10	59	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	10	60	is	be	AUX
afs-53275	10	61	able	able	ADJ
afs-53275	10	62	to	to	PART
afs-53275	10	63	obtain	obtain	VERB
afs-53275	10	64	from	from	ADP
afs-53275	10	65	a	a	DET
afs-53275	10	66	supplier	supplier	NOUN
afs-53275	10	67	more	more	ADV
afs-53275	10	68	favourable	favourable	ADJ
afs-53275	10	69	terms	term	NOUN
afs-53275	10	70	than	than	ADP
afs-53275	10	71	those	those	PRON
afs-53275	10	72	available	available	ADJ
afs-53275	10	73	to	to	ADP
afs-53275	10	74	other	other	ADJ
afs-53275	10	75	buyers	buyer	NOUN
afs-53275	10	76	”	"	PUNCT
afs-53275	10	77	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	10	78	oecd	oecd	PROPN
afs-53275	10	79	1981	1981	NUM
afs-53275	10	80	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	10	81	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	11	1	the	the	DET
afs-53275	11	2	key	key	ADJ
afs-53275	11	3	concern	concern	NOUN
afs-53275	11	4	is	be	AUX
afs-53275	11	5	that	that	SCONJ
afs-53275	11	6	growing	grow	VERB
afs-53275	11	7	buyer	buyer	NOUN
afs-53275	11	8	power	power	NOUN
afs-53275	11	9	may	may	AUX
afs-53275	11	10	have	have	VERB
afs-53275	11	11	the	the	DET
afs-53275	11	12	effect	effect	NOUN
afs-53275	11	13	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	11	14	considerably	considerably	ADV
afs-53275	11	15	distorting	distort	VERB
afs-53275	11	16	both	both	CCONJ
afs-53275	11	17	retail	retail	ADJ
afs-53275	11	18	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	11	19	producer	producer	NOUN
afs-53275	11	20	competition	competition	NOUN
afs-53275	11	21	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	11	22	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	11	23	eventually	eventually	ADV
afs-53275	11	24	damaging	damage	VERB
afs-53275	11	25	economic	economic	ADJ
afs-53275	11	26	welfare	welfare	NOUN
afs-53275	11	27	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	12	1	claims	claim	VERB
afs-53275	12	2	that	that	SCONJ
afs-53275	12	3	large	large	ADJ
afs-53275	12	4	retailers	retailer	NOUN
afs-53275	12	5	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	12	6	food	food	NOUN
afs-53275	12	7	companies	company	NOUN
afs-53275	12	8	are	be	AUX
afs-53275	12	9	depressing	depress	VERB
afs-53275	12	10	farm	farm	NOUN
afs-53275	12	11	prices	price	NOUN
afs-53275	12	12	because	because	SCONJ
afs-53275	12	13	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	12	14	their	their	PRON
afs-53275	12	15	buyer	buyer	NOUN
afs-53275	12	16	power	power	NOUN
afs-53275	12	17	have	have	AUX
afs-53275	12	18	been	be	AUX
afs-53275	12	19	made	make	VERB
afs-53275	12	20	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	12	21	many	many	ADJ
afs-53275	12	22	countries	country	NOUN
afs-53275	12	23	around	around	ADP
afs-53275	12	24	the	the	DET
afs-53275	12	25	world	world	NOUN
afs-53275	12	26	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	12	27	swinnen	swinnen	NOUN
afs-53275	12	28	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	12	29	vandeplas	vandepla	NOUN
afs-53275	12	30	2009	2009	NUM
afs-53275	12	31	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	12	32	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	13	1	the	the	DET
afs-53275	13	2	food	food	NOUN
afs-53275	13	3	industry	industry	NOUN
afs-53275	13	4	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	13	5	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	13	6	the	the	DET
afs-53275	13	7	retail	retail	ADJ
afs-53275	13	8	sector	sector	NOUN
afs-53275	13	9	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	13	10	particular	particular	ADJ
afs-53275	13	11	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	13	12	have	have	AUX
afs-53275	13	13	clearly	clearly	ADV
afs-53275	13	14	consolidated	consolidate	VERB
afs-53275	13	15	through	through	ADP
afs-53275	13	16	mergers	merger	NOUN
afs-53275	13	17	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	13	18	acquisitions	acquisition	NOUN
afs-53275	13	19	as	as	ADV
afs-53275	13	20	well	well	ADV
afs-53275	13	21	as	as	ADP
afs-53275	13	22	strategic	strategic	ADJ
afs-53275	13	23	alliances	alliance	NOUN
afs-53275	13	24	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	14	1	as	as	ADP
afs-53275	14	2	a	a	DET
afs-53275	14	3	result	result	NOUN
afs-53275	14	4	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	14	5	retail	retail	ADJ
afs-53275	14	6	buying	buying	NOUN
afs-53275	14	7	is	be	AUX
afs-53275	14	8	becoming	become	VERB
afs-53275	14	9	increasingly	increasingly	ADV
afs-53275	14	10	concentrated	concentrate	VERB
afs-53275	14	11	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	14	12	dobson	dobson	PROPN
afs-53275	14	13	et	et	PROPN
afs-53275	14	14	al	al	PROPN
afs-53275	14	15	.	.	PROPN
afs-53275	14	16	2003	2003	NUM
afs-53275	14	17	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	14	18	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	15	1	this	this	PRON
afs-53275	15	2	is	be	AUX
afs-53275	15	3	particularly	particularly	ADV
afs-53275	15	4	true	true	ADJ
afs-53275	15	5	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	15	6	finland	finland	PROPN
afs-53275	15	7	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	16	1	for	for	ADP
afs-53275	16	2	example	example	NOUN
afs-53275	16	3	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	16	4	the	the	DET
afs-53275	16	5	top	top	ADJ
afs-53275	16	6	three	three	NUM
afs-53275	16	7	supermarkets	supermarket	NOUN
afs-53275	16	8	share	share	VERB
afs-53275	16	9	88	88	NUM
afs-53275	16	10	%	%	NOUN
afs-53275	16	11	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	16	12	the	the	DET
afs-53275	16	13	grocery	grocery	NOUN
afs-53275	16	14	market	market	NOUN
afs-53275	16	15	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	16	16	which	which	PRON
afs-53275	16	17	is	be	AUX
afs-53275	16	18	one	one	NUM
afs-53275	16	19	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	16	20	the	the	DET
afs-53275	16	21	highest	high	ADJ
afs-53275	16	22	figures	figure	NOUN
afs-53275	16	23	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	16	24	the	the	DET
afs-53275	16	25	world	world	NOUN
afs-53275	16	26	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	16	27	fgta	fgta	PROPN
afs-53275	16	28	2014	2014	NUM
afs-53275	16	29	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	16	30	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	17	1	the	the	DET
afs-53275	17	2	finnish	finnish	ADJ
afs-53275	17	3	retail	retail	ADJ
afs-53275	17	4	market	market	NOUN
afs-53275	17	5	has	have	AUX
afs-53275	17	6	commonly	commonly	ADV
afs-53275	17	7	been	be	AUX
afs-53275	17	8	described	describe	VERB
afs-53275	17	9	as	as	ADP
afs-53275	17	10	a	a	DET
afs-53275	17	11	near	near	ADV
afs-53275	17	12	-	-	PUNCT
afs-53275	17	13	duopoly	duopoly	ADJ
afs-53275	17	14	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	17	15	kronqvist	kronqvist	NOUN
afs-53275	17	16	2010	2010	NUM
afs-53275	17	17	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	17	18	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	18	1	meanwhile	meanwhile	ADV
afs-53275	18	2	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	18	3	several	several	ADJ
afs-53275	18	4	local	local	ADJ
afs-53275	18	5	food	food	NOUN
afs-53275	18	6	processing	processing	NOUN
afs-53275	18	7	industries	industry	NOUN
afs-53275	18	8	have	have	VERB
afs-53275	18	9	a	a	DET
afs-53275	18	10	high	high	ADJ
afs-53275	18	11	level	level	NOUN
afs-53275	18	12	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	18	13	concentration	concentration	NOUN
afs-53275	18	14	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	18	15	finland	finland	PROPN
afs-53275	18	16	:	:	PUNCT
afs-53275	18	17	for	for	ADP
afs-53275	18	18	example	example	NOUN
afs-53275	18	19	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	18	20	70–80	70–80	NUM
afs-53275	18	21	%	%	NOUN
afs-53275	18	22	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	18	23	the	the	DET
afs-53275	18	24	processing	processing	NOUN
afs-53275	18	25	meat	meat	NOUN
afs-53275	18	26	market	market	NOUN
afs-53275	18	27	is	be	AUX
afs-53275	18	28	shared	share	VERB
afs-53275	18	29	by	by	ADP
afs-53275	18	30	the	the	DET
afs-53275	18	31	top	top	ADJ
afs-53275	18	32	two	two	NUM
afs-53275	18	33	suppliers	supplier	NOUN
afs-53275	18	34	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	18	35	50	50	NUM
afs-53275	18	36	%	%	NOUN
afs-53275	18	37	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	18	38	the	the	DET
afs-53275	18	39	liquid	liquid	ADJ
afs-53275	18	40	milk	milk	NOUN
afs-53275	18	41	market	market	NOUN
afs-53275	18	42	is	be	AUX
afs-53275	18	43	dominated	dominate	VERB
afs-53275	18	44	by	by	ADP
afs-53275	18	45	one	one	NUM
afs-53275	18	46	supplier	supplier	NOUN
afs-53275	18	47	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	18	48	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	18	49	half	half	NOUN
afs-53275	18	50	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	18	51	egg	egg	NOUN
afs-53275	18	52	packaging	packaging	NOUN
afs-53275	18	53	is	be	AUX
afs-53275	18	54	provided	provide	VERB
afs-53275	18	55	by	by	ADP
afs-53275	18	56	one	one	NUM
afs-53275	18	57	supplier	supplier	NOUN
afs-53275	18	58	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	19	1	increasing	increase	VERB
afs-53275	19	2	concentration	concentration	NOUN
afs-53275	19	3	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	19	4	both	both	CCONJ
afs-53275	19	5	the	the	DET
afs-53275	19	6	retailer	retailer	NOUN
afs-53275	19	7	sector	sector	NOUN
afs-53275	19	8	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	19	9	the	the	DET
afs-53275	19	10	processing	processing	NOUN
afs-53275	19	11	sector	sector	NOUN
afs-53275	19	12	raises	raise	VERB
afs-53275	19	13	concern	concern	NOUN
afs-53275	19	14	over	over	ADP
afs-53275	19	15	the	the	DET
afs-53275	19	16	existence	existence	NOUN
afs-53275	19	17	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	19	18	gradual	gradual	ADJ
afs-53275	19	19	growth	growth	NOUN
afs-53275	19	20	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	19	21	buyer	buyer	NOUN
afs-53275	19	22	power	power	NOUN
afs-53275	19	23	among	among	ADP
afs-53275	19	24	retailers	retailer	NOUN
afs-53275	19	25	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	19	26	processors	processor	NOUN
afs-53275	19	27	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	20	1	however	however	ADV
afs-53275	20	2	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	20	3	a	a	DET
afs-53275	20	4	large	large	ADJ
afs-53275	20	5	market	market	NOUN
afs-53275	20	6	share	share	NOUN
afs-53275	20	7	does	do	AUX
afs-53275	20	8	not	not	PART
afs-53275	20	9	directly	directly	ADV
afs-53275	20	10	imply	imply	VERB
afs-53275	20	11	large	large	ADJ
afs-53275	20	12	market	market	NOUN
afs-53275	20	13	power	power	NOUN
afs-53275	20	14	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	20	15	baumol	baumol	PROPN
afs-53275	20	16	et	et	PROPN
afs-53275	20	17	al	al	PROPN
afs-53275	20	18	.	.	PROPN
afs-53275	20	19	1982	1982	NUM
afs-53275	20	20	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	20	21	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	21	1	thus	thus	ADV
afs-53275	21	2	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	21	3	the	the	DET
afs-53275	21	4	connection	connection	NOUN
afs-53275	21	5	between	between	ADP
afs-53275	21	6	market	market	NOUN
afs-53275	21	7	power	power	NOUN
afs-53275	21	8	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	21	9	the	the	DET
afs-53275	21	10	level	level	NOUN
afs-53275	21	11	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	21	12	concentration	concentration	NOUN
afs-53275	21	13	needs	need	VERB
afs-53275	21	14	to	to	PART
afs-53275	21	15	be	be	AUX
afs-53275	21	16	investigated	investigate	VERB
afs-53275	21	17	empirically	empirically	ADV
afs-53275	21	18	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	22	1	early	early	ADJ
afs-53275	22	2	efforts	effort	NOUN
afs-53275	22	3	within	within	ADP
afs-53275	22	4	the	the	DET
afs-53275	22	5	structure	structure	NOUN
afs-53275	22	6	–	–	PUNCT
afs-53275	22	7	conduct	conduct	NOUN
afs-53275	22	8	–	–	PUNCT
afs-53275	22	9	performance	performance	NOUN
afs-53275	22	10	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	22	11	scp	scp	NOUN
afs-53275	22	12	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	22	13	approach	approach	NOUN
afs-53275	22	14	sought	seek	VERB
afs-53275	22	15	to	to	PART
afs-53275	22	16	econometrically	econometrically	ADV
afs-53275	22	17	relate	relate	VERB
afs-53275	22	18	measures	measure	NOUN
afs-53275	22	19	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	22	20	industrial	industrial	ADJ
afs-53275	22	21	concentration	concentration	NOUN
afs-53275	22	22	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	22	23	such	such	ADJ
afs-53275	22	24	as	as	ADP
afs-53275	22	25	the	the	DET
afs-53275	22	26	herfindahl	herfindahl	NOUN
afs-53275	22	27	-	-	PUNCT
afs-53275	22	28	hirshman	hirshman	NOUN
afs-53275	22	29	index	index	NOUN
afs-53275	22	30	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	22	31	hhi	hhi	NOUN
afs-53275	22	32	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	22	33	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	22	34	to	to	ADP
afs-53275	22	35	indicators	indicator	NOUN
afs-53275	22	36	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	22	37	profitability	profitability	NOUN
afs-53275	22	38	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	22	39	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
afs-53275	22	40	the	the	DET
afs-53275	22	41	price	price	NOUN
afs-53275	22	42	-	-	PUNCT
afs-53275	22	43	cost	cost	NOUN
afs-53275	22	44	margin	margin	NOUN
afs-53275	22	45	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	22	46	lerner	lerner	PROPN
afs-53275	22	47	index	index	PROPN
afs-53275	22	48	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	22	49	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	23	1	however	however	ADV
afs-53275	23	2	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	23	3	while	while	SCONJ
afs-53275	23	4	this	this	DET
afs-53275	23	5	simple	simple	ADJ
afs-53275	23	6	approach	approach	NOUN
afs-53275	23	7	may	may	AUX
afs-53275	23	8	help	help	VERB
afs-53275	23	9	to	to	PART
afs-53275	23	10	generate	generate	VERB
afs-53275	23	11	hypotheses	hypothesis	NOUN
afs-53275	23	12	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	23	13	set	set	VERB
afs-53275	23	14	the	the	DET
afs-53275	23	15	scene	scene	NOUN
afs-53275	23	16	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	23	17	its	its	PRON
afs-53275	23	18	relative	relative	ADJ
afs-53275	23	19	lack	lack	NOUN
afs-53275	23	20	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	23	21	theoretical	theoretical	ADJ
afs-53275	23	22	foundations	foundation	NOUN
afs-53275	23	23	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	23	24	static	static	ADJ
afs-53275	23	25	nature	nature	NOUN
afs-53275	23	26	represent	represent	VERB
afs-53275	23	27	major	major	ADJ
afs-53275	23	28	weaknesses	weakness	NOUN
afs-53275	23	29	that	that	PRON
afs-53275	23	30	prevent	prevent	VERB
afs-53275	23	31	the	the	DET
afs-53275	23	32	identification	identification	NOUN
afs-53275	23	33	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	23	34	causal	causal	ADJ
afs-53275	23	35	effects	effect	NOUN
afs-53275	23	36	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	24	1	thus	thus	ADV
afs-53275	24	2	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	24	3	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	24	4	the	the	DET
afs-53275	24	5	finnish	finnish	ADJ
afs-53275	24	6	context	context	NOUN
afs-53275	24	7	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	24	8	while	while	SCONJ
afs-53275	24	9	it	it	PRON
afs-53275	24	10	is	be	AUX
afs-53275	24	11	clear	clear	ADJ
afs-53275	24	12	that	that	SCONJ
afs-53275	24	13	the	the	DET
afs-53275	24	14	process	process	NOUN
afs-53275	24	15	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	24	16	retailer	retailer	NOUN
afs-53275	24	17	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	24	18	food	food	NOUN
afs-53275	24	19	industry	industry	NOUN
afs-53275	24	20	concentration	concentration	NOUN
afs-53275	24	21	has	have	AUX
afs-53275	24	22	accompanied	accompany	VERB
afs-53275	24	23	growth	growth	NOUN
afs-53275	24	24	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	24	25	the	the	DET
afs-53275	24	26	marketing	marketing	NOUN
afs-53275	24	27	margin	margin	NOUN
afs-53275	24	28	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	24	29	this	this	DET
afs-53275	24	30	evolution	evolution	NOUN
afs-53275	24	31	does	do	AUX
afs-53275	24	32	not	not	PART
afs-53275	24	33	provide	provide	VERB
afs-53275	24	34	evidence	evidence	NOUN
afs-53275	24	35	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	24	36	non	non	ADJ
afs-53275	24	37	-	-	ADJ
afs-53275	24	38	competitive	competitive	ADJ
afs-53275	24	39	behaviour	behaviour	NOUN
afs-53275	24	40	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	25	1	for	for	ADP
afs-53275	25	2	instance	instance	NOUN
afs-53275	25	3	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	25	4	kuosmanen	kuosmanen	PROPN
afs-53275	25	5	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	25	6	niemi	niemi	PROPN
afs-53275	25	7	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	25	8	2009	2009	NUM
afs-53275	25	9	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	25	10	argued	argue	VERB
afs-53275	25	11	that	that	SCONJ
afs-53275	25	12	there	there	PRON
afs-53275	25	13	are	be	VERB
afs-53275	25	14	many	many	ADJ
afs-53275	25	15	plausible	plausible	ADJ
afs-53275	25	16	reasons	reason	NOUN
afs-53275	25	17	for	for	ADP
afs-53275	25	18	the	the	DET
afs-53275	25	19	declining	decline	VERB
afs-53275	25	20	pattern	pattern	NOUN
afs-53275	25	21	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	25	22	producer	producer	NOUN
afs-53275	25	23	price	price	NOUN
afs-53275	25	24	margins	margin	NOUN
afs-53275	25	25	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	25	26	such	such	ADJ
afs-53275	25	27	as	as	ADP
afs-53275	25	28	an	an	DET
afs-53275	25	29	increased	increase	VERB
afs-53275	25	30	degree	degree	NOUN
afs-53275	25	31	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	25	32	processing	processing	NOUN
afs-53275	25	33	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	25	34	better	well	ADJ
afs-53275	25	35	food	food	NOUN
afs-53275	25	36	hygiene	hygiene	NOUN
afs-53275	25	37	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	25	38	differences	difference	NOUN
afs-53275	25	39	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	25	40	productivity	productivity	NOUN
afs-53275	25	41	growth	growth	NOUN
afs-53275	25	42	across	across	ADP
afs-53275	25	43	sectors	sector	NOUN
afs-53275	25	44	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	25	45	agricultural	agricultural	ADJ
afs-53275	25	46	policy	policy	NOUN
afs-53275	25	47	reforms	reform	NOUN
afs-53275	25	48	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	25	49	international	international	ADJ
afs-53275	25	50	trade	trade	NOUN
afs-53275	25	51	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	25	52	imperfect	imperfect	ADJ
afs-53275	25	53	competition	competition	NOUN
afs-53275	25	54	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	26	1	agricultural	agricultural	ADJ
afs-53275	26	2	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	26	3	food	food	NOUN
afs-53275	26	4	science	science	PROPN
afs-53275	26	5	j.	j.	PROPN
afs-53275	26	6	niemi	niemi	PROPN
afs-53275	26	7	&	&	CCONJ
afs-53275	26	8	x.	x.	PROPN
afs-53275	26	9	liu	liu	PROPN
afs-53275	26	10	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	26	11	2016	2016	NUM
afs-53275	26	12	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	26	13	25	25	NUM
afs-53275	26	14	:	:	PUNCT
afs-53275	26	15	177–186	177–186	NUM
afs-53275	26	16	178	178	NUM
afs-53275	26	17	three	three	NUM
afs-53275	26	18	approaches	approach	NOUN
afs-53275	26	19	have	have	AUX
afs-53275	26	20	generally	generally	ADV
afs-53275	26	21	been	be	AUX
afs-53275	26	22	adopted	adopt	VERB
afs-53275	26	23	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	26	24	identifying	identify	VERB
afs-53275	26	25	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	26	26	estimating	estimate	VERB
afs-53275	26	27	oligopoly	oligopoly	ADJ
afs-53275	26	28	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	26	29	or	or	CCONJ
afs-53275	26	30	oligopsony	oligopsony	NOUN
afs-53275	26	31	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	26	32	market	market	NOUN
afs-53275	26	33	power	power	NOUN
afs-53275	26	34	:	:	PUNCT
afs-53275	26	35	structure	structure	NOUN
afs-53275	26	36	–	–	PUNCT
afs-53275	26	37	conduct	conduct	NOUN
afs-53275	26	38	–	–	PUNCT
afs-53275	26	39	performance	performance	NOUN
afs-53275	26	40	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	26	41	scp	scp	PROPN
afs-53275	26	42	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	26	43	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	26	44	new	new	ADJ
afs-53275	26	45	empirical	empirical	ADJ
afs-53275	26	46	industrial	industrial	ADJ
afs-53275	26	47	organization	organization	NOUN
afs-53275	26	48	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	26	49	neio	neio	ADJ
afs-53275	26	50	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	26	51	studies	study	NOUN
afs-53275	26	52	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	26	53	price	price	NOUN
afs-53275	26	54	transmission	transmission	NOUN
afs-53275	26	55	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	27	1	scp	scp	PROPN
afs-53275	27	2	studies	study	NOUN
afs-53275	27	3	have	have	AUX
afs-53275	27	4	mainly	mainly	ADV
afs-53275	27	5	used	use	VERB
afs-53275	27	6	cross	cross	ADJ
afs-53275	27	7	-	-	ADJ
afs-53275	27	8	sectional	sectional	ADJ
afs-53275	27	9	data	datum	NOUN
afs-53275	27	10	to	to	PART
afs-53275	27	11	estimate	estimate	VERB
afs-53275	27	12	the	the	DET
afs-53275	27	13	relationship	relationship	NOUN
afs-53275	27	14	between	between	ADP
afs-53275	27	15	price	price	NOUN
afs-53275	27	16	-	-	PUNCT
afs-53275	27	17	cost	cost	NOUN
afs-53275	27	18	margins	margin	NOUN
afs-53275	27	19	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	27	20	concentration	concentration	NOUN
afs-53275	27	21	ratios	ratio	NOUN
afs-53275	27	22	to	to	PART
afs-53275	27	23	draw	draw	VERB
afs-53275	27	24	inferences	inference	NOUN
afs-53275	27	25	about	about	ADP
afs-53275	27	26	the	the	DET
afs-53275	27	27	presence	presence	NOUN
afs-53275	27	28	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	27	29	market	market	NOUN
afs-53275	27	30	power	power	NOUN
afs-53275	27	31	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	27	32	while	while	SCONJ
afs-53275	27	33	neio	neio	ADJ
afs-53275	27	34	studies	study	NOUN
afs-53275	27	35	have	have	AUX
afs-53275	27	36	generally	generally	ADV
afs-53275	27	37	tended	tend	VERB
afs-53275	27	38	to	to	PART
afs-53275	27	39	find	find	VERB
afs-53275	27	40	some	some	DET
afs-53275	27	41	statistical	statistical	ADJ
afs-53275	27	42	evidence	evidence	NOUN
afs-53275	27	43	for	for	ADP
afs-53275	27	44	market	market	NOUN
afs-53275	27	45	power	power	NOUN
afs-53275	27	46	by	by	ADP
afs-53275	27	47	focusing	focus	VERB
afs-53275	27	48	on	on	ADP
afs-53275	27	49	the	the	DET
afs-53275	27	50	determinants	determinant	NOUN
afs-53275	27	51	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	27	52	the	the	DET
afs-53275	27	53	gap	gap	NOUN
afs-53275	27	54	between	between	ADP
afs-53275	27	55	prices	price	NOUN
afs-53275	27	56	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	27	57	marginal	marginal	ADJ
afs-53275	27	58	costs	cost	NOUN
afs-53275	27	59	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	27	60	wohlgenant	wohlgenant	NOUN
afs-53275	27	61	2001	2001	NUM
afs-53275	27	62	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	27	63	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	28	1	the	the	DET
afs-53275	28	2	scp	scp	PROPN
afs-53275	28	3	approach	approach	NOUN
afs-53275	28	4	has	have	AUX
afs-53275	28	5	often	often	ADV
afs-53275	28	6	been	be	AUX
afs-53275	28	7	criticised	criticise	VERB
afs-53275	28	8	for	for	ADP
afs-53275	28	9	lacking	lack	VERB
afs-53275	28	10	a	a	DET
afs-53275	28	11	microeconomic	microeconomic	ADJ
afs-53275	28	12	foundation	foundation	NOUN
afs-53275	28	13	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	29	1	neio	neio	PROPN
afs-53275	29	2	is	be	AUX
afs-53275	29	3	preferred	prefer	VERB
afs-53275	29	4	to	to	ADP
afs-53275	29	5	scp	scp	PROPN
afs-53275	29	6	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	29	7	but	but	CCONJ
afs-53275	29	8	is	be	AUX
afs-53275	29	9	difficult	difficult	ADJ
afs-53275	29	10	to	to	PART
afs-53275	29	11	implement	implement	VERB
afs-53275	29	12	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	29	13	empirical	empirical	ADJ
afs-53275	29	14	studies	study	NOUN
afs-53275	29	15	due	due	ADP
afs-53275	29	16	to	to	ADP
afs-53275	29	17	the	the	DET
afs-53275	29	18	high	high	ADJ
afs-53275	29	19	requirement	requirement	NOUN
afs-53275	29	20	for	for	ADP
afs-53275	29	21	data	datum	NOUN
afs-53275	29	22	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	30	1	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	30	2	comparison	comparison	NOUN
afs-53275	30	3	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	30	4	price	price	NOUN
afs-53275	30	5	transmission	transmission	NOUN
afs-53275	30	6	models	model	NOUN
afs-53275	30	7	such	such	ADJ
afs-53275	30	8	as	as	ADP
afs-53275	30	9	price	price	NOUN
afs-53275	30	10	-	-	PUNCT
afs-53275	30	11	asymmetry	asymmetry	NOUN
afs-53275	30	12	models	model	NOUN
afs-53275	30	13	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	30	14	von	von	PROPN
afs-53275	30	15	cramon	cramon	PROPN
afs-53275	30	16	-	-	PUNCT
afs-53275	30	17	taubadel	taubadel	PROPN
afs-53275	30	18	1998	1998	NUM
afs-53275	30	19	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	30	20	götz	götz	VERB
afs-53275	30	21	et	et	PROPN
afs-53275	30	22	al	al	PROPN
afs-53275	30	23	.	.	PROPN
afs-53275	30	24	2014	2014	NUM
afs-53275	30	25	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	30	26	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	30	27	the	the	DET
afs-53275	30	28	cointegration	cointegration	NOUN
afs-53275	30	29	approach	approach	NOUN
afs-53275	30	30	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	30	31	goodwin	goodwin	PROPN
afs-53275	30	32	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	30	33	schoreder	schoreder	NOUN
afs-53275	30	34	1991	1991	NUM
afs-53275	30	35	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	30	36	lakuma	lakuma	NOUN
afs-53275	30	37	2014	2014	NUM
afs-53275	30	38	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	30	39	are	be	AUX
afs-53275	30	40	relatively	relatively	ADV
afs-53275	30	41	easy	easy	ADJ
afs-53275	30	42	to	to	PART
afs-53275	30	43	implement	implement	VERB
afs-53275	30	44	empirically	empirically	ADV
afs-53275	30	45	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	31	1	however	however	ADV
afs-53275	31	2	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	31	3	most	most	ADJ
afs-53275	31	4	applications	application	NOUN
afs-53275	31	5	“	"	PUNCT
afs-53275	31	6	lack	lack	NOUN
afs-53275	31	7	theory	theory	NOUN
afs-53275	31	8	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	31	9	can	can	AUX
afs-53275	31	10	not	not	PART
afs-53275	31	11	distinguish	distinguish	VERB
afs-53275	31	12	between	between	ADP
afs-53275	31	13	collusion	collusion	NOUN
afs-53275	31	14	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	31	15	perfectly	perfectly	ADV
afs-53275	31	16	competitive	competitive	ADJ
afs-53275	31	17	markets	market	NOUN
afs-53275	31	18	”	"	PUNCT
afs-53275	31	19	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	31	20	digal	digal	ADJ
afs-53275	31	21	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	31	22	ahmadi	ahmadi	PROPN
afs-53275	31	23	-	-	PUNCT
afs-53275	31	24	esfahani	esfahani	PROPN
afs-53275	31	25	2002	2002	NUM
afs-53275	31	26	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	31	27	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	32	1	derived	derive	VERB
afs-53275	32	2	from	from	ADP
afs-53275	32	3	the	the	DET
afs-53275	32	4	neio	neio	ADJ
afs-53275	32	5	model	model	NOUN
afs-53275	32	6	with	with	ADP
afs-53275	32	7	the	the	DET
afs-53275	32	8	help	help	NOUN
afs-53275	32	9	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	32	10	empirical	empirical	ADJ
afs-53275	32	11	time	time	NOUN
afs-53275	32	12	series	series	PROPN
afs-53275	32	13	analysis	analysis	NOUN
afs-53275	32	14	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	32	15	lloyd	lloyd	PROPN
afs-53275	32	16	et	et	PROPN
afs-53275	32	17	al	al	PROPN
afs-53275	32	18	.	.	PROPN
afs-53275	33	1	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	33	2	2009	2009	NUM
afs-53275	33	3	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	33	4	developed	develop	VERB
afs-53275	33	5	a	a	DET
afs-53275	33	6	test	test	NOUN
afs-53275	33	7	to	to	PART
afs-53275	33	8	measure	measure	VERB
afs-53275	33	9	oligopoly	oligopoly	ADJ
afs-53275	33	10	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	33	11	oligopsony	oligopsony	NOUN
afs-53275	33	12	market	market	NOUN
afs-53275	33	13	power	power	NOUN
afs-53275	33	14	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	34	1	the	the	DET
afs-53275	34	2	method	method	NOUN
afs-53275	34	3	provided	provide	VERB
afs-53275	34	4	a	a	DET
afs-53275	34	5	“	"	PUNCT
afs-53275	34	6	first	first	ADJ
afs-53275	34	7	-	-	PUNCT
afs-53275	34	8	filter	filter	NOUN
afs-53275	34	9	”	"	PUNCT
afs-53275	34	10	test	test	NOUN
afs-53275	34	11	for	for	ADP
afs-53275	34	12	the	the	DET
afs-53275	34	13	possible	possible	ADJ
afs-53275	34	14	existence	existence	NOUN
afs-53275	34	15	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	34	16	oligopoly	oligopoly	ADJ
afs-53275	34	17	/oligopsony	/oligopsony	PUNCT
afs-53275	34	18	market	market	NOUN
afs-53275	34	19	power	power	NOUN
afs-53275	34	20	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	34	21	the	the	DET
afs-53275	34	22	uk	uk	PROPN
afs-53275	34	23	food	food	NOUN
afs-53275	34	24	sector	sector	NOUN
afs-53275	34	25	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	35	1	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	35	2	finland	finland	PROPN
afs-53275	35	3	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	35	4	market	market	NOUN
afs-53275	35	5	power	power	NOUN
afs-53275	35	6	research	research	NOUN
afs-53275	35	7	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	35	8	the	the	DET
afs-53275	35	9	food	food	NOUN
afs-53275	35	10	supply	supply	NOUN
afs-53275	35	11	chain	chain	NOUN
afs-53275	35	12	has	have	AUX
afs-53275	35	13	been	be	AUX
afs-53275	35	14	a	a	DET
afs-53275	35	15	new	new	ADJ
afs-53275	35	16	subject	subject	NOUN
afs-53275	35	17	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	35	18	the	the	DET
afs-53275	35	19	literature	literature	NOUN
afs-53275	35	20	is	be	AUX
afs-53275	35	21	very	very	ADV
afs-53275	35	22	limited	limited	ADJ
afs-53275	35	23	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	36	1	kuosmanen	kuosmanen	NOUN
afs-53275	36	2	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	36	3	niemi	niemi	PROPN
afs-53275	36	4	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	36	5	2009	2009	NUM
afs-53275	36	6	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	36	7	assessed	assess	VERB
afs-53275	36	8	possible	possible	ADJ
afs-53275	36	9	reasons	reason	NOUN
afs-53275	36	10	for	for	ADP
afs-53275	36	11	the	the	DET
afs-53275	36	12	widening	widen	VERB
afs-53275	36	13	gap	gap	NOUN
afs-53275	36	14	between	between	ADP
afs-53275	36	15	the	the	DET
afs-53275	36	16	retail	retail	ADJ
afs-53275	36	17	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	36	18	producer	producer	NOUN
afs-53275	36	19	prices	price	NOUN
afs-53275	36	20	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	36	21	food	food	NOUN
afs-53275	36	22	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	36	23	where	where	SCONJ
afs-53275	36	24	market	market	NOUN
afs-53275	36	25	power	power	NOUN
afs-53275	36	26	was	be	AUX
afs-53275	36	27	listed	list	VERB
afs-53275	36	28	as	as	ADP
afs-53275	36	29	a	a	DET
afs-53275	36	30	clearly	clearly	ADV
afs-53275	36	31	plausible	plausible	ADJ
afs-53275	36	32	explanation	explanation	NOUN
afs-53275	36	33	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	37	1	however	however	ADV
afs-53275	37	2	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	37	3	the	the	DET
afs-53275	37	4	claim	claim	NOUN
afs-53275	37	5	lacks	lack	VERB
afs-53275	37	6	empirical	empirical	ADJ
afs-53275	37	7	quantitative	quantitative	ADJ
afs-53275	37	8	study	study	NOUN
afs-53275	37	9	to	to	PART
afs-53275	37	10	support	support	VERB
afs-53275	37	11	it	it	PRON
afs-53275	37	12	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	38	1	therefore	therefore	ADV
afs-53275	38	2	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	38	3	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	38	4	this	this	DET
afs-53275	38	5	paper	paper	NOUN
afs-53275	38	6	we	we	PRON
afs-53275	38	7	attempt	attempt	VERB
afs-53275	38	8	to	to	PART
afs-53275	38	9	use	use	VERB
afs-53275	38	10	method	method	NOUN
afs-53275	38	11	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	38	12	lloyd	lloyd	PROPN
afs-53275	38	13	et	et	PROPN
afs-53275	38	14	al	al	PROPN
afs-53275	38	15	.	.	PROPN
afs-53275	39	1	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	39	2	2009	2009	NUM
afs-53275	39	3	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	40	1	to	to	PART
afs-53275	40	2	offer	offer	VERB
afs-53275	40	3	a	a	DET
afs-53275	40	4	“	"	PUNCT
afs-53275	40	5	first	first	ADJ
afs-53275	40	6	-	-	PUNCT
afs-53275	40	7	filter	filter	NOUN
afs-53275	40	8	”	"	PUNCT
afs-53275	40	9	test	test	NOUN
afs-53275	40	10	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	40	11	the	the	DET
afs-53275	40	12	finnish	finnish	ADJ
afs-53275	40	13	food	food	NOUN
afs-53275	40	14	supply	supply	NOUN
afs-53275	40	15	chain	chain	NOUN
afs-53275	40	16	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	41	1	by	by	ADP
afs-53275	41	2	assuming	assume	VERB
afs-53275	41	3	that	that	SCONJ
afs-53275	41	4	processing	processing	NOUN
afs-53275	41	5	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	41	6	retailing	retailing	NOUN
afs-53275	41	7	are	be	AUX
afs-53275	41	8	one	one	NUM
afs-53275	41	9	integrated	integrate	VERB
afs-53275	41	10	sector	sector	NOUN
afs-53275	41	11	can	can	AUX
afs-53275	41	12	serve	serve	VERB
afs-53275	41	13	as	as	ADP
afs-53275	41	14	a	a	DET
afs-53275	41	15	useful	useful	ADJ
afs-53275	41	16	device	device	NOUN
afs-53275	41	17	for	for	ADP
afs-53275	41	18	characterising	characterise	VERB
afs-53275	41	19	how	how	SCONJ
afs-53275	41	20	prices	price	NOUN
afs-53275	41	21	are	be	AUX
afs-53275	41	22	transmitted	transmit	VERB
afs-53275	41	23	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	41	24	the	the	DET
afs-53275	41	25	food	food	NOUN
afs-53275	41	26	market	market	NOUN
afs-53275	41	27	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	41	28	albeit	albeit	SCONJ
afs-53275	41	29	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	41	30	a	a	DET
afs-53275	41	31	simplified	simplified	ADJ
afs-53275	41	32	form	form	NOUN
afs-53275	41	33	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	42	1	furthermore	furthermore	ADV
afs-53275	42	2	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	42	3	it	it	PRON
afs-53275	42	4	forms	form	VERB
afs-53275	42	5	the	the	DET
afs-53275	42	6	basis	basis	NOUN
afs-53275	42	7	for	for	ADP
afs-53275	42	8	determining	determine	VERB
afs-53275	42	9	the	the	DET
afs-53275	42	10	appropriate	appropriate	ADJ
afs-53275	42	11	econometric	econometric	ADJ
afs-53275	42	12	approach	approach	NOUN
afs-53275	42	13	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	42	14	the	the	DET
afs-53275	42	15	interpretation	interpretation	NOUN
afs-53275	42	16	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	42	17	the	the	DET
afs-53275	42	18	key	key	ADJ
afs-53275	42	19	variables	variable	NOUN
afs-53275	42	20	used	use	VERB
afs-53275	42	21	to	to	PART
afs-53275	42	22	identify	identify	VERB
afs-53275	42	23	the	the	DET
afs-53275	42	24	existence	existence	NOUN
afs-53275	42	25	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	42	26	possible	possible	ADJ
afs-53275	42	27	oligopsony	oligopsony	NOUN
afs-53275	42	28	power	power	NOUN
afs-53275	42	29	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	42	30	fabio	fabio	NOUN
afs-53275	42	31	et	et	PROPN
afs-53275	42	32	al	al	PROPN
afs-53275	42	33	.	.	PROPN
afs-53275	42	34	2016	2016	NUM
afs-53275	42	35	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	42	36	among	among	ADP
afs-53275	42	37	downstream	downstream	ADJ
afs-53275	42	38	actors	actor	NOUN
afs-53275	42	39	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	42	40	namely	namely	ADV
afs-53275	42	41	food	food	NOUN
afs-53275	42	42	industries	industry	NOUN
afs-53275	42	43	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	42	44	retailers	retailer	NOUN
afs-53275	42	45	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	42	46	against	against	ADP
afs-53275	42	47	upstream	upstream	ADJ
afs-53275	42	48	farmers	farmer	NOUN
afs-53275	42	49	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	43	1	material	material	NOUN
afs-53275	43	2	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	43	3	methods	method	NOUN
afs-53275	43	4	recent	recent	ADJ
afs-53275	43	5	trends	trend	NOUN
afs-53275	43	6	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	43	7	finnish	finnish	ADJ
afs-53275	43	8	food	food	NOUN
afs-53275	43	9	retailing	retail	VERB
afs-53275	43	10	the	the	DET
afs-53275	43	11	operating	operating	NOUN
afs-53275	43	12	environment	environment	NOUN
afs-53275	43	13	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	43	14	the	the	DET
afs-53275	43	15	finnish	finnish	ADJ
afs-53275	43	16	food	food	NOUN
afs-53275	43	17	economy	economy	NOUN
afs-53275	43	18	radically	radically	ADV
afs-53275	43	19	changed	change	VERB
afs-53275	43	20	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	43	21	1995	1995	NUM
afs-53275	43	22	when	when	SCONJ
afs-53275	43	23	finland	finland	PROPN
afs-53275	43	24	joined	join	VERB
afs-53275	43	25	the	the	DET
afs-53275	43	26	european	european	PROPN
afs-53275	43	27	union	union	PROPN
afs-53275	43	28	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	43	29	eu	eu	PROPN
afs-53275	43	30	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	43	31	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	44	1	the	the	DET
afs-53275	44	2	commitment	commitment	NOUN
afs-53275	44	3	to	to	ADP
afs-53275	44	4	the	the	DET
afs-53275	44	5	common	common	ADJ
afs-53275	44	6	agricultural	agricultural	ADJ
afs-53275	44	7	policy	policy	NOUN
afs-53275	44	8	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	44	9	cap	cap	NOUN
afs-53275	44	10	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	44	11	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	44	12	the	the	DET
afs-53275	44	13	eu	eu	PROPN
afs-53275	44	14	led	lead	VERB
afs-53275	44	15	to	to	ADP
afs-53275	44	16	unprecedented	unprecedented	ADJ
afs-53275	44	17	upheaval	upheaval	NOUN
afs-53275	44	18	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	44	19	the	the	DET
afs-53275	44	20	economic	economic	ADJ
afs-53275	44	21	environment	environment	NOUN
afs-53275	44	22	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	44	23	the	the	DET
afs-53275	44	24	finnish	finnish	ADJ
afs-53275	44	25	food	food	NOUN
afs-53275	44	26	chain	chain	NOUN
afs-53275	44	27	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	45	1	it	it	PRON
afs-53275	45	2	was	be	AUX
afs-53275	45	3	no	no	ADV
afs-53275	45	4	longer	long	ADV
afs-53275	45	5	possible	possible	ADJ
afs-53275	45	6	to	to	PART
afs-53275	45	7	regulate	regulate	VERB
afs-53275	45	8	the	the	DET
afs-53275	45	9	market	market	NOUN
afs-53275	45	10	price	price	NOUN
afs-53275	45	11	level	level	NOUN
afs-53275	45	12	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	45	13	agricultural	agricultural	ADJ
afs-53275	45	14	products	product	NOUN
afs-53275	45	15	through	through	ADP
afs-53275	45	16	national	national	ADJ
afs-53275	45	17	border	border	NOUN
afs-53275	45	18	protection	protection	NOUN
afs-53275	45	19	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	45	20	export	export	NOUN
afs-53275	45	21	subsidies	subsidy	NOUN
afs-53275	45	22	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	46	1	the	the	DET
afs-53275	46	2	minimum	minimum	ADJ
afs-53275	46	3	prices	price	NOUN
afs-53275	46	4	for	for	ADP
afs-53275	46	5	agricultural	agricultural	ADJ
afs-53275	46	6	products	product	NOUN
afs-53275	46	7	guaranteed	guarantee	VERB
afs-53275	46	8	by	by	ADP
afs-53275	46	9	the	the	DET
afs-53275	46	10	eu	eu	PROPN
afs-53275	46	11	are	be	AUX
afs-53275	46	12	much	much	ADV
afs-53275	46	13	lower	low	ADJ
afs-53275	46	14	than	than	ADP
afs-53275	46	15	the	the	DET
afs-53275	46	16	producer	producer	NOUN
afs-53275	46	17	prices	price	NOUN
afs-53275	46	18	paid	pay	VERB
afs-53275	46	19	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	46	20	finland	finland	PROPN
afs-53275	46	21	before	before	ADP
afs-53275	46	22	eu	eu	PROPN
afs-53275	46	23	membership	membership	NOUN
afs-53275	46	24	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	46	25	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	46	26	the	the	DET
afs-53275	46	27	prices	price	NOUN
afs-53275	46	28	also	also	ADV
afs-53275	46	29	vary	vary	VERB
afs-53275	46	30	more	more	ADV
afs-53275	46	31	than	than	ADP
afs-53275	46	32	before	before	ADV
afs-53275	46	33	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	47	1	eu	eu	PROPN
afs-53275	47	2	membership	membership	NOUN
afs-53275	47	3	clearly	clearly	ADV
afs-53275	47	4	reinforced	reinforce	VERB
afs-53275	47	5	the	the	DET
afs-53275	47	6	position	position	NOUN
afs-53275	47	7	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	47	8	the	the	DET
afs-53275	47	9	retail	retail	ADJ
afs-53275	47	10	sector	sector	NOUN
afs-53275	47	11	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	47	12	the	the	DET
afs-53275	47	13	food	food	NOUN
afs-53275	47	14	chain	chain	NOUN
afs-53275	47	15	relative	relative	ADJ
afs-53275	47	16	to	to	ADP
afs-53275	47	17	the	the	DET
afs-53275	47	18	domestic	domestic	ADJ
afs-53275	47	19	raw	raw	ADJ
afs-53275	47	20	material	material	NOUN
afs-53275	47	21	production	production	NOUN
afs-53275	47	22	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	47	23	food	food	NOUN
afs-53275	47	24	industry	industry	NOUN
afs-53275	47	25	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	48	1	the	the	DET
afs-53275	48	2	retail	retail	ADJ
afs-53275	48	3	sector	sector	NOUN
afs-53275	48	4	is	be	AUX
afs-53275	48	5	able	able	ADJ
afs-53275	48	6	to	to	PART
afs-53275	48	7	take	take	VERB
afs-53275	48	8	advantage	advantage	NOUN
afs-53275	48	9	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	48	10	the	the	DET
afs-53275	48	11	competition	competition	NOUN
afs-53275	48	12	between	between	ADP
afs-53275	48	13	domestic	domestic	ADJ
afs-53275	48	14	food	food	NOUN
afs-53275	48	15	companies	company	NOUN
afs-53275	48	16	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	48	17	foreign	foreign	ADJ
afs-53275	48	18	ones	one	NOUN
afs-53275	48	19	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	49	1	structural	structural	ADJ
afs-53275	49	2	changes	change	NOUN
afs-53275	49	3	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	49	4	retail	retail	ADJ
afs-53275	49	5	trade	trade	NOUN
afs-53275	49	6	have	have	AUX
afs-53275	49	7	directly	directly	ADV
afs-53275	49	8	influenced	influence	VERB
afs-53275	49	9	the	the	DET
afs-53275	49	10	market	market	NOUN
afs-53275	49	11	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
afs-53275	49	12	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	49	13	food	food	NOUN
afs-53275	49	14	producers	producer	NOUN
afs-53275	49	15	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	49	16	four	four	NUM
afs-53275	49	17	ways	way	NOUN
afs-53275	49	18	:	:	PUNCT
afs-53275	49	19	through	through	ADP
afs-53275	49	20	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	49	21	1	1	NUM
afs-53275	49	22	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	49	23	concentration	concentration	NOUN
afs-53275	49	24	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	49	25	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	49	26	2	2	X
afs-53275	49	27	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	49	28	vertical	vertical	ADJ
afs-53275	49	29	integration	integration	NOUN
afs-53275	49	30	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	49	31	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	49	32	3	3	X
afs-53275	49	33	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	49	34	discount	discount	NOUN
afs-53275	49	35	stores	store	NOUN
afs-53275	49	36	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	49	37	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	49	38	4	4	X
afs-53275	49	39	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	49	40	private	private	ADJ
afs-53275	49	41	labels	label	NOUN
afs-53275	49	42	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	50	1	as	as	ADP
afs-53275	50	2	a	a	DET
afs-53275	50	3	result	result	NOUN
afs-53275	50	4	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	50	5	the	the	DET
afs-53275	50	6	concentration	concentration	NOUN
afs-53275	50	7	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	50	8	the	the	DET
afs-53275	50	9	retail	retail	ADJ
afs-53275	50	10	trade	trade	NOUN
afs-53275	50	11	sector	sector	NOUN
afs-53275	50	12	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	50	13	very	very	ADV
afs-53275	50	14	large	large	ADJ
afs-53275	50	15	units	unit	NOUN
afs-53275	50	16	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	50	17	i.e.	i.e.	X
afs-53275	50	18	hypermarkets	hypermarket	NOUN
afs-53275	50	19	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	50	20	have	have	AUX
afs-53275	50	21	conquered	conquer	VERB
afs-53275	50	22	market	market	NOUN
afs-53275	50	23	shares	share	NOUN
afs-53275	50	24	at	at	ADP
afs-53275	50	25	the	the	DET
afs-53275	50	26	expense	expense	NOUN
afs-53275	50	27	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	50	28	smaller	small	ADJ
afs-53275	50	29	units	unit	NOUN
afs-53275	50	30	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	50	31	koistinen	koistinen	NOUN
afs-53275	50	32	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	50	33	vesala	vesala	NOUN
afs-53275	50	34	2006	2006	NUM
afs-53275	50	35	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	50	36	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	51	1	the	the	DET
afs-53275	51	2	concentration	concentration	NOUN
afs-53275	51	3	is	be	AUX
afs-53275	51	4	reflected	reflect	VERB
afs-53275	51	5	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	51	6	both	both	CCONJ
afs-53275	51	7	the	the	DET
afs-53275	51	8	rapid	rapid	ADJ
afs-53275	51	9	decrease	decrease	NOUN
afs-53275	51	10	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	51	11	the	the	DET
afs-53275	51	12	number	number	NOUN
afs-53275	51	13	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	51	14	retail	retail	ADJ
afs-53275	51	15	outlets	outlet	NOUN
afs-53275	51	16	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	51	17	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	51	18	the	the	DET
afs-53275	51	19	market	market	NOUN
afs-53275	51	20	shares	share	NOUN
afs-53275	51	21	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	51	22	the	the	DET
afs-53275	51	23	leading	lead	VERB
afs-53275	51	24	chains	chain	NOUN
afs-53275	51	25	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	52	1	from	from	ADP
afs-53275	52	2	1995	1995	NUM
afs-53275	52	3	to	to	ADP
afs-53275	52	4	2013	2013	NUM
afs-53275	52	5	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	52	6	the	the	DET
afs-53275	52	7	share	share	NOUN
afs-53275	52	8	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	52	9	total	total	ADJ
afs-53275	52	10	sales	sale	NOUN
afs-53275	52	11	accounted	account	VERB
afs-53275	52	12	for	for	ADP
afs-53275	52	13	by	by	ADP
afs-53275	52	14	hypermarkets	hypermarket	NOUN
afs-53275	52	15	grew	grow	VERB
afs-53275	52	16	from	from	ADP
afs-53275	52	17	15	15	NUM
afs-53275	52	18	%	%	NOUN
afs-53275	52	19	to	to	PART
afs-53275	52	20	28	28	NUM
afs-53275	52	21	%	%	NOUN
afs-53275	52	22	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	52	23	that	that	PRON
afs-53275	52	24	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	52	25	large	large	ADJ
afs-53275	52	26	supermarkets	supermarket	NOUN
afs-53275	52	27	from	from	ADP
afs-53275	52	28	20	20	NUM
afs-53275	52	29	%	%	NOUN
afs-53275	52	30	to	to	ADP
afs-53275	52	31	as	as	ADV
afs-53275	52	32	high	high	ADJ
afs-53275	52	33	as	as	ADP
afs-53275	52	34	35	35	NUM
afs-53275	52	35	%	%	NOUN
afs-53275	52	36	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	52	37	fgta	fgta	PROPN
afs-53275	52	38	2014	2014	NUM
afs-53275	52	39	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	52	40	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	53	1	at	at	ADP
afs-53275	53	2	the	the	DET
afs-53275	53	3	beginning	beginning	NOUN
afs-53275	53	4	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	53	5	2014	2014	NUM
afs-53275	53	6	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	53	7	the	the	DET
afs-53275	53	8	total	total	ADJ
afs-53275	53	9	number	number	NOUN
afs-53275	53	10	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	53	11	retail	retail	ADJ
afs-53275	53	12	groceries	grocery	NOUN
afs-53275	53	13	stores	store	NOUN
afs-53275	53	14	was	be	AUX
afs-53275	53	15	4066	4066	NUM
afs-53275	53	16	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	53	17	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	53	18	63	63	NUM
afs-53275	53	19	%	%	NOUN
afs-53275	53	20	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	53	21	the	the	DET
afs-53275	53	22	sales	sale	NOUN
afs-53275	53	23	took	take	VERB
afs-53275	53	24	place	place	NOUN
afs-53275	53	25	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	53	26	the	the	DET
afs-53275	53	27	882	882	NUM
afs-53275	53	28	largest	large	ADJ
afs-53275	53	29	stores	store	NOUN
afs-53275	53	30	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	54	1	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	54	2	recent	recent	ADJ
afs-53275	54	3	years	year	NOUN
afs-53275	54	4	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	54	5	significant	significant	ADJ
afs-53275	54	6	reorganisations	reorganisation	NOUN
afs-53275	54	7	have	have	AUX
afs-53275	54	8	taken	take	VERB
afs-53275	54	9	place	place	NOUN
afs-53275	54	10	among	among	ADP
afs-53275	54	11	the	the	DET
afs-53275	54	12	largest	large	ADJ
afs-53275	54	13	chains	chain	NOUN
afs-53275	54	14	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	55	1	the	the	DET
afs-53275	55	2	competition	competition	NOUN
afs-53275	55	3	for	for	ADP
afs-53275	55	4	the	the	DET
afs-53275	55	5	market	market	NOUN
afs-53275	55	6	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	55	7	groceries	grocery	NOUN
afs-53275	55	8	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	55	9	daily	daily	ADJ
afs-53275	55	10	consumer	consumer	NOUN
afs-53275	55	11	goods	good	NOUN
afs-53275	55	12	is	be	AUX
afs-53275	55	13	increasingly	increasingly	ADV
afs-53275	55	14	clearly	clearly	ADV
afs-53275	55	15	a	a	DET
afs-53275	55	16	case	case	NOUN
afs-53275	55	17	involving	involve	VERB
afs-53275	55	18	two	two	NUM
afs-53275	55	19	main	main	ADJ
afs-53275	55	20	players	player	NOUN
afs-53275	55	21	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	56	1	the	the	DET
afs-53275	56	2	market	market	NOUN
afs-53275	56	3	share	share	NOUN
afs-53275	56	4	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	56	5	the	the	DET
afs-53275	56	6	s	s	NOUN
afs-53275	56	7	-	-	NOUN
afs-53275	56	8	group	group	NOUN
afs-53275	56	9	has	have	AUX
afs-53275	56	10	increased	increase	VERB
afs-53275	56	11	rapidly	rapidly	ADV
afs-53275	56	12	over	over	ADP
afs-53275	56	13	recent	recent	ADJ
afs-53275	56	14	years	year	NOUN
afs-53275	56	15	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	57	1	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	57	2	2014	2014	NUM
afs-53275	57	3	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	57	4	the	the	DET
afs-53275	57	5	s	s	NOUN
afs-53275	57	6	-	-	NOUN
afs-53275	57	7	group	group	NOUN
afs-53275	57	8	managed	manage	VERB
afs-53275	57	9	to	to	PART
afs-53275	57	10	raise	raise	VERB
afs-53275	57	11	its	its	PRON
afs-53275	57	12	market	market	NOUN
afs-53275	57	13	share	share	NOUN
afs-53275	57	14	again	again	ADV
afs-53275	57	15	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	57	16	reaching	reach	VERB
afs-53275	57	17	45.7	45.7	NUM
afs-53275	57	18	%	%	NOUN
afs-53275	57	19	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	58	1	the	the	DET
afs-53275	58	2	share	share	NOUN
afs-53275	58	3	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	58	4	the	the	DET
afs-53275	58	5	k	k	NOUN
afs-53275	58	6	-	-	NOUN
afs-53275	58	7	group	group	NOUN
afs-53275	58	8	has	have	AUX
afs-53275	58	9	been	be	AUX
afs-53275	58	10	diminishing	diminish	VERB
afs-53275	58	11	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	58	12	the	the	DET
afs-53275	58	13	past	past	ADJ
afs-53275	58	14	few	few	ADJ
afs-53275	58	15	years	year	NOUN
afs-53275	58	16	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	59	1	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	59	2	2014	2014	NUM
afs-53275	59	3	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	59	4	the	the	DET
afs-53275	59	5	market	market	NOUN
afs-53275	59	6	share	share	NOUN
afs-53275	59	7	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	59	8	the	the	DET
afs-53275	59	9	k	k	NOUN
afs-53275	59	10	-	-	NOUN
afs-53275	59	11	group	group	NOUN
afs-53275	59	12	reached	reach	VERB
afs-53275	59	13	33.1	33.1	NUM
afs-53275	59	14	%	%	NOUN
afs-53275	59	15	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	60	1	the	the	DET
afs-53275	60	2	grocery	grocery	NOUN
afs-53275	60	3	operations	operation	NOUN
afs-53275	60	4	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	60	5	both	both	DET
afs-53275	60	6	s	s	NOUN
afs-53275	60	7	-	-	NOUN
afs-53275	60	8	group	group	NOUN
afs-53275	60	9	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	60	10	k	k	PROPN
afs-53275	60	11	-	-	PUNCT
afs-53275	60	12	group	group	NOUN
afs-53275	60	13	companies	company	NOUN
afs-53275	60	14	have	have	AUX
afs-53275	60	15	steadily	steadily	ADV
afs-53275	60	16	increased	increase	VERB
afs-53275	60	17	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	60	18	value	value	NOUN
afs-53275	60	19	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	60	20	recent	recent	ADJ
afs-53275	60	21	years	year	NOUN
afs-53275	60	22	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	61	1	the	the	DET
afs-53275	61	2	only	only	ADJ
afs-53275	61	3	international	international	ADJ
afs-53275	61	4	grocery	grocery	NOUN
afs-53275	61	5	store	store	NOUN
afs-53275	61	6	chain	chain	NOUN
afs-53275	61	7	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	61	8	finland	finland	PROPN
afs-53275	61	9	is	be	AUX
afs-53275	61	10	the	the	DET
afs-53275	61	11	german	german	ADJ
afs-53275	61	12	discount	discount	NOUN
afs-53275	61	13	giant	giant	ADJ
afs-53275	61	14	lidl	lidl	PROPN
afs-53275	61	15	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	61	16	which	which	PRON
afs-53275	61	17	has	have	AUX
afs-53275	61	18	successfully	successfully	ADV
afs-53275	61	19	spread	spread	VERB
afs-53275	61	20	on	on	ADP
afs-53275	61	21	the	the	DET
afs-53275	61	22	finnish	finnish	ADJ
afs-53275	61	23	market	market	NOUN
afs-53275	61	24	with	with	ADP
afs-53275	61	25	its	its	PRON
afs-53275	61	26	clear	clear	ADJ
afs-53275	61	27	strategy	strategy	NOUN
afs-53275	61	28	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	61	29	private	private	ADJ
afs-53275	61	30	label	label	NOUN
afs-53275	61	31	sales	sale	NOUN
afs-53275	61	32	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	62	1	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	62	2	2014	2014	NUM
afs-53275	62	3	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	62	4	the	the	DET
afs-53275	62	5	market	market	NOUN
afs-53275	62	6	share	share	NOUN
afs-53275	62	7	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	62	8	lidl	lidl	PROPN
afs-53275	62	9	reached	reach	VERB
afs-53275	62	10	7.6	7.6	NUM
afs-53275	62	11	%	%	NOUN
afs-53275	62	12	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	62	13	having	having	AUX
afs-53275	62	14	gained	gain	VERB
afs-53275	62	15	a	a	DET
afs-53275	62	16	2.8	2.8	NUM
afs-53275	62	17	%	%	NOUN
afs-53275	62	18	greater	great	ADJ
afs-53275	62	19	share	share	NOUN
afs-53275	62	20	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	62	21	three	three	NUM
afs-53275	62	22	years	year	NOUN
afs-53275	62	23	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	63	1	the	the	DET
afs-53275	63	2	swift	swift	ADJ
afs-53275	63	3	development	development	NOUN
afs-53275	63	4	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	63	5	lidl	lidl	PROPN
afs-53275	63	6	is	be	AUX
afs-53275	63	7	proof	proof	NOUN
afs-53275	63	8	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	63	9	the	the	DET
afs-53275	63	10	popularity	popularity	NOUN
afs-53275	63	11	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	63	12	discount	discount	NOUN
afs-53275	63	13	stores	store	NOUN
afs-53275	63	14	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	63	15	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	63	16	retail	retail	ADJ
afs-53275	63	17	chain	chain	NOUN
afs-53275	63	18	’s	’s	PART
afs-53275	63	19	own	own	ADJ
afs-53275	63	20	brands	brand	NOUN
afs-53275	63	21	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	64	1	agricultural	agricultural	ADJ
afs-53275	64	2	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	64	3	food	food	NOUN
afs-53275	64	4	science	science	PROPN
afs-53275	64	5	j.	j.	PROPN
afs-53275	64	6	niemi	niemi	PROPN
afs-53275	64	7	&	&	CCONJ
afs-53275	64	8	x.	x.	PROPN
afs-53275	64	9	liu	liu	PROPN
afs-53275	64	10	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	64	11	2016	2016	NUM
afs-53275	64	12	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	64	13	25	25	NUM
afs-53275	64	14	:	:	PUNCT
afs-53275	64	15	177–186	177–186	NUM
afs-53275	64	16	179	179	NUM
afs-53275	64	17	the	the	DET
afs-53275	64	18	large	large	ADJ
afs-53275	64	19	food	food	NOUN
afs-53275	64	20	chains	chain	NOUN
afs-53275	64	21	consist	consist	VERB
afs-53275	64	22	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	64	23	independent	independent	ADJ
afs-53275	64	24	retail	retail	ADJ
afs-53275	64	25	operators	operator	NOUN
afs-53275	64	26	who	who	PRON
afs-53275	64	27	compete	compete	VERB
afs-53275	64	28	on	on	ADP
afs-53275	64	29	the	the	DET
afs-53275	64	30	local	local	ADJ
afs-53275	64	31	markets	market	NOUN
afs-53275	64	32	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	64	33	while	while	SCONJ
afs-53275	64	34	the	the	DET
afs-53275	64	35	wholesale	wholesale	ADJ
afs-53275	64	36	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	64	37	purchasing	purchase	VERB
afs-53275	64	38	operations	operation	NOUN
afs-53275	64	39	within	within	ADP
afs-53275	64	40	the	the	DET
afs-53275	64	41	chain	chain	NOUN
afs-53275	64	42	are	be	AUX
afs-53275	64	43	strongly	strongly	ADV
afs-53275	64	44	concentrated	concentrate	VERB
afs-53275	64	45	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	65	1	large	large	ADJ
afs-53275	65	2	chains	chain	NOUN
afs-53275	65	3	take	take	VERB
afs-53275	65	4	advantage	advantage	NOUN
afs-53275	65	5	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	65	6	their	their	PRON
afs-53275	65	7	negotiation	negotiation	NOUN
afs-53275	65	8	power	power	NOUN
afs-53275	65	9	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	65	10	their	their	PRON
afs-53275	65	11	supply	supply	NOUN
afs-53275	65	12	contracts	contract	NOUN
afs-53275	65	13	with	with	ADP
afs-53275	65	14	food	food	NOUN
afs-53275	65	15	processing	processing	NOUN
afs-53275	65	16	companies	company	NOUN
afs-53275	65	17	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	66	1	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	66	2	both	both	DET
afs-53275	66	3	leading	leading	ADJ
afs-53275	66	4	chains	chain	NOUN
afs-53275	66	5	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	66	6	the	the	DET
afs-53275	66	7	share	share	NOUN
afs-53275	66	8	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	66	9	concentrated	concentrate	VERB
afs-53275	66	10	purchases	purchase	NOUN
afs-53275	66	11	has	have	AUX
afs-53275	66	12	risen	rise	VERB
afs-53275	66	13	to	to	ADP
afs-53275	66	14	more	more	ADJ
afs-53275	66	15	than	than	ADP
afs-53275	66	16	80	80	NUM
afs-53275	66	17	%	%	NOUN
afs-53275	66	18	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	66	19	leaving	leave	VERB
afs-53275	66	20	very	very	ADV
afs-53275	66	21	little	little	ADJ
afs-53275	66	22	room	room	NOUN
afs-53275	66	23	for	for	ADP
afs-53275	66	24	local	local	ADJ
afs-53275	66	25	purchases	purchase	NOUN
afs-53275	66	26	by	by	ADP
afs-53275	66	27	the	the	DET
afs-53275	66	28	retail	retail	ADJ
afs-53275	66	29	operators	operator	NOUN
afs-53275	66	30	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	67	1	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	67	2	local	local	ADJ
afs-53275	67	3	foods	food	NOUN
afs-53275	67	4	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	67	5	the	the	DET
afs-53275	67	6	main	main	ADJ
afs-53275	67	7	ones	one	NOUN
afs-53275	67	8	to	to	PART
afs-53275	67	9	have	have	AUX
afs-53275	67	10	gained	gain	VERB
afs-53275	67	11	access	access	NOUN
afs-53275	67	12	to	to	ADP
afs-53275	67	13	shelves	shelf	NOUN
afs-53275	67	14	include	include	VERB
afs-53275	67	15	some	some	DET
afs-53275	67	16	bakery	bakery	NOUN
afs-53275	67	17	products	product	NOUN
afs-53275	67	18	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	67	19	fresh	fresh	ADJ
afs-53275	67	20	meat	meat	NOUN
afs-53275	67	21	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	67	22	fresh	fresh	ADJ
afs-53275	67	23	cheeses	cheese	NOUN
afs-53275	67	24	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	67	25	niemi	niemi	PROPN
afs-53275	67	26	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	67	27	ahlstedt	ahlstedt	PROPN
afs-53275	67	28	2015	2015	NUM
afs-53275	67	29	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	67	30	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	68	1	theoretical	theoretical	ADJ
afs-53275	68	2	model	model	NOUN
afs-53275	68	3	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	68	4	empirical	empirical	ADJ
afs-53275	68	5	implementation	implementation	NOUN
afs-53275	68	6	as	as	SCONJ
afs-53275	68	7	mentioned	mention	VERB
afs-53275	68	8	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	68	9	the	the	DET
afs-53275	68	10	introduction	introduction	NOUN
afs-53275	68	11	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	68	12	this	this	DET
afs-53275	68	13	study	study	NOUN
afs-53275	68	14	utilizes	utilize	VERB
afs-53275	68	15	a	a	DET
afs-53275	68	16	theoretical	theoretical	ADJ
afs-53275	68	17	approach	approach	NOUN
afs-53275	68	18	presented	present	VERB
afs-53275	68	19	by	by	ADP
afs-53275	68	20	mccorriston	mccorriston	PROPN
afs-53275	68	21	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	68	22	2001	2001	NUM
afs-53275	68	23	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	68	24	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	68	25	lloyd	lloyd	PROPN
afs-53275	68	26	et	et	PROPN
afs-53275	68	27	al	al	PROPN
afs-53275	68	28	.	.	PROPN
afs-53275	69	1	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	69	2	2009	2009	NUM
afs-53275	69	3	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	69	4	exploiting	exploit	VERB
afs-53275	69	5	the	the	DET
afs-53275	69	6	presence	presence	NOUN
afs-53275	69	7	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	69	8	exogenous	exogenous	ADJ
afs-53275	69	9	shocks	shock	NOUN
afs-53275	69	10	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	69	11	order	order	NOUN
afs-53275	69	12	to	to	PART
afs-53275	69	13	identify	identify	VERB
afs-53275	69	14	the	the	DET
afs-53275	69	15	existence	existence	NOUN
afs-53275	69	16	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	69	17	buyer	buyer	NOUN
afs-53275	69	18	power	power	NOUN
afs-53275	69	19	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	69	20	both	both	CCONJ
afs-53275	69	21	upstream	upstream	ADJ
afs-53275	69	22	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	69	23	downstream	downstream	ADJ
afs-53275	69	24	prices	price	NOUN
afs-53275	69	25	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	70	1	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	70	2	their	their	PRON
afs-53275	70	3	theoretical	theoretical	ADJ
afs-53275	70	4	framework	framework	NOUN
afs-53275	70	5	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	70	6	firms	firm	NOUN
afs-53275	70	7	are	be	AUX
afs-53275	70	8	assumed	assume	VERB
afs-53275	70	9	to	to	PART
afs-53275	70	10	produce	produce	VERB
afs-53275	70	11	a	a	DET
afs-53275	70	12	homogeneous	homogeneous	ADJ
afs-53275	70	13	product	product	NOUN
afs-53275	70	14	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	70	15	pursue	pursue	VERB
afs-53275	70	16	quantity	quantity	NOUN
afs-53275	70	17	-	-	PUNCT
afs-53275	70	18	setting	set	VERB
afs-53275	70	19	strategies	strategy	NOUN
afs-53275	70	20	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	71	1	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	71	2	addition	addition	NOUN
afs-53275	71	3	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	71	4	the	the	DET
afs-53275	71	5	model	model	NOUN
afs-53275	71	6	only	only	ADV
afs-53275	71	7	allows	allow	VERB
afs-53275	71	8	us	we	PRON
afs-53275	71	9	to	to	PART
afs-53275	71	10	detect	detect	VERB
afs-53275	71	11	the	the	DET
afs-53275	71	12	existence	existence	NOUN
afs-53275	71	13	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	71	14	market	market	NOUN
afs-53275	71	15	power	power	NOUN
afs-53275	71	16	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	71	17	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	71	18	not	not	PART
afs-53275	71	19	the	the	DET
afs-53275	71	20	degree	degree	NOUN
afs-53275	71	21	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	71	22	buyer	buyer	NOUN
afs-53275	71	23	power	power	NOUN
afs-53275	71	24	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	72	1	the	the	DET
afs-53275	72	2	detection	detection	NOUN
afs-53275	72	3	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	72	4	buyer	buyer	NOUN
afs-53275	72	5	power	power	NOUN
afs-53275	72	6	simply	simply	ADV
afs-53275	72	7	depends	depend	VERB
afs-53275	72	8	on	on	ADP
afs-53275	72	9	how	how	SCONJ
afs-53275	72	10	the	the	DET
afs-53275	72	11	incidence	incidence	NOUN
afs-53275	72	12	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	72	13	shocks	shock	NOUN
afs-53275	72	14	affects	affect	VERB
afs-53275	72	15	both	both	DET
afs-53275	72	16	sets	set	NOUN
afs-53275	72	17	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	72	18	prices	price	NOUN
afs-53275	72	19	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	73	1	the	the	DET
afs-53275	73	2	model	model	NOUN
afs-53275	73	3	presented	present	VERB
afs-53275	73	4	here	here	ADV
afs-53275	73	5	follows	follow	VERB
afs-53275	73	6	the	the	DET
afs-53275	73	7	standard	standard	ADJ
afs-53275	73	8	specification	specification	NOUN
afs-53275	73	9	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	73	10	equilibrium	equilibrium	NOUN
afs-53275	73	11	displacement	displacement	NOUN
afs-53275	73	12	models	model	NOUN
afs-53275	73	13	as	as	ADP
afs-53275	73	14	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	73	15	the	the	DET
afs-53275	73	16	framework	framework	NOUN
afs-53275	73	17	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	73	18	gardner	gardner	NOUN
afs-53275	73	19	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	73	20	1975	1975	NUM
afs-53275	73	21	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	73	22	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	73	23	mccorriston	mccorriston	NOUN
afs-53275	73	24	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	73	25	2001	2001	NUM
afs-53275	73	26	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	73	27	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	73	28	lloyd	lloyd	PROPN
afs-53275	73	29	et	et	PROPN
afs-53275	73	30	al	al	PROPN
afs-53275	73	31	.	.	PROPN
afs-53275	74	1	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	74	2	2009	2009	NUM
afs-53275	74	3	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	74	4	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	74	5	which	which	PRON
afs-53275	74	6	are	be	AUX
afs-53275	74	7	static	static	ADJ
afs-53275	74	8	models	model	NOUN
afs-53275	74	9	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	74	10	which	which	PRON
afs-53275	74	11	the	the	DET
afs-53275	74	12	retailing	retailing	NOUN
afs-53275	74	13	sectors	sector	NOUN
afs-53275	74	14	or	or	CCONJ
afs-53275	74	15	processing	processing	NOUN
afs-53275	74	16	sectors	sector	NOUN
afs-53275	74	17	buy	buy	VERB
afs-53275	74	18	raw	raw	ADJ
afs-53275	74	19	products	product	NOUN
afs-53275	74	20	from	from	ADP
afs-53275	74	21	farmers	farmer	NOUN
afs-53275	74	22	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	74	23	convert	convert	VERB
afs-53275	74	24	them	they	PRON
afs-53275	74	25	into	into	ADP
afs-53275	74	26	finished	finished	ADJ
afs-53275	74	27	products	product	NOUN
afs-53275	74	28	by	by	ADP
afs-53275	74	29	performing	perform	VERB
afs-53275	74	30	various	various	ADJ
afs-53275	74	31	functions	function	NOUN
afs-53275	74	32	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	74	33	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	74	34	then	then	ADV
afs-53275	74	35	sell	sell	VERB
afs-53275	74	36	the	the	DET
afs-53275	74	37	finished	finished	ADJ
afs-53275	74	38	products	product	NOUN
afs-53275	74	39	to	to	ADP
afs-53275	74	40	consumers	consumer	NOUN
afs-53275	74	41	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	75	1	thus	thus	ADV
afs-53275	75	2	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	75	3	the	the	DET
afs-53275	75	4	inverse	inverse	ADJ
afs-53275	75	5	retail	retail	ADJ
afs-53275	75	6	demand	demand	NOUN
afs-53275	75	7	form	form	NOUN
afs-53275	75	8	is	be	AUX
afs-53275	75	9	given	give	VERB
afs-53275	75	10	by	by	ADP
afs-53275	75	11	:	:	PUNCT
afs-53275	75	12	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	75	13	1	1	NUM
afs-53275	75	14	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	75	15	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	75	16	where	where	SCONJ
afs-53275	75	17	r	r	NOUN
afs-53275	75	18	is	be	AUX
afs-53275	75	19	the	the	DET
afs-53275	75	20	retail	retail	ADJ
afs-53275	75	21	price	price	NOUN
afs-53275	75	22	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	75	23	the	the	DET
afs-53275	75	24	good	good	NOUN
afs-53275	75	25	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	75	26	q	q	X
afs-53275	75	27	is	be	AUX
afs-53275	75	28	the	the	DET
afs-53275	75	29	food	food	NOUN
afs-53275	75	30	output	output	NOUN
afs-53275	75	31	the	the	DET
afs-53275	75	32	retailers	retailer	NOUN
afs-53275	75	33	sell	sell	VERB
afs-53275	75	34	to	to	ADP
afs-53275	75	35	consumers	consumer	NOUN
afs-53275	75	36	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	75	37	d	d	X
afs-53275	75	38	is	be	AUX
afs-53275	75	39	an	an	DET
afs-53275	75	40	exogenous	exogenous	ADJ
afs-53275	75	41	demand	demand	NOUN
afs-53275	75	42	shifter	shifter	NOUN
afs-53275	75	43	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	75	44	which	which	PRON
afs-53275	75	45	represents	represent	VERB
afs-53275	75	46	the	the	DET
afs-53275	75	47	source	source	NOUN
afs-53275	75	48	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	75	49	the	the	DET
afs-53275	75	50	demand	demand	NOUN
afs-53275	75	51	shock	shock	NOUN
afs-53275	75	52	affecting	affect	VERB
afs-53275	75	53	the	the	DET
afs-53275	75	54	retail	retail	ADJ
afs-53275	75	55	sector	sector	NOUN
afs-53275	75	56	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	75	57	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	76	1	the	the	DET
afs-53275	76	2	input	input	NOUN
afs-53275	76	3	supply	supply	NOUN
afs-53275	76	4	functions	function	NOUN
afs-53275	76	5	for	for	ADP
afs-53275	76	6	the	the	DET
afs-53275	76	7	agricultural	agricultural	ADJ
afs-53275	76	8	input	input	NOUN
afs-53275	76	9	a	a	PRON
afs-53275	76	10	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	76	11	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	76	12	inverse	inverse	NOUN
afs-53275	76	13	form	form	NOUN
afs-53275	76	14	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	76	15	are	be	AUX
afs-53275	76	16	given	give	VERB
afs-53275	76	17	by	by	ADP
afs-53275	76	18	:	:	PUNCT
afs-53275	76	19	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	76	20	2	2	NUM
afs-53275	76	21	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	76	22	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	76	23	where	where	SCONJ
afs-53275	76	24	p	p	NOUN
afs-53275	76	25	represents	represent	VERB
afs-53275	76	26	the	the	DET
afs-53275	76	27	price	price	NOUN
afs-53275	76	28	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	76	29	a.	a.	NOUN
afs-53275	76	30	the	the	DET
afs-53275	76	31	variable	variable	NOUN
afs-53275	76	32	s	s	PART
afs-53275	76	33	is	be	AUX
afs-53275	76	34	the	the	DET
afs-53275	76	35	exogenous	exogenous	ADJ
afs-53275	76	36	supply	supply	NOUN
afs-53275	76	37	shifter	shifter	NOUN
afs-53275	76	38	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	76	39	the	the	DET
afs-53275	76	40	farm	farm	NOUN
afs-53275	76	41	supply	supply	NOUN
afs-53275	76	42	equation	equation	NOUN
afs-53275	76	43	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	77	1	the	the	DET
afs-53275	77	2	food	food	NOUN
afs-53275	77	3	industry	industry	NOUN
afs-53275	77	4	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	77	5	for	for	ADP
afs-53275	77	6	example	example	NOUN
afs-53275	77	7	a	a	DET
afs-53275	77	8	representative	representative	ADJ
afs-53275	77	9	retail	retail	ADJ
afs-53275	77	10	firm	firm	NOUN
afs-53275	77	11	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	77	12	uses	use	VERB
afs-53275	77	13	the	the	DET
afs-53275	77	14	agricultural	agricultural	ADJ
afs-53275	77	15	raw	raw	ADJ
afs-53275	77	16	material	material	NOUN
afs-53275	77	17	to	to	PART
afs-53275	77	18	maximise	maximise	VERB
afs-53275	77	19	its	its	PRON
afs-53275	77	20	profits	profit	NOUN
afs-53275	77	21	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	77	22	given	give	VERB
afs-53275	77	23	by	by	ADP
afs-53275	77	24	the	the	DET
afs-53275	77	25	following	follow	VERB
afs-53275	77	26	function	function	NOUN
afs-53275	77	27	:	:	PUNCT
afs-53275	77	28	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	77	29	3	3	NUM
afs-53275	77	30	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	77	31	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	77	32	where	where	SCONJ
afs-53275	77	33	represents	represent	VERB
afs-53275	77	34	the	the	DET
afs-53275	77	35	cost	cost	NOUN
afs-53275	77	36	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	77	37	all	all	DET
afs-53275	77	38	the	the	DET
afs-53275	77	39	agricultural	agricultural	ADJ
afs-53275	77	40	inputs	input	NOUN
afs-53275	77	41	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	78	1	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	78	2	this	this	DET
afs-53275	78	3	theoretical	theoretical	ADJ
afs-53275	78	4	framework	framework	NOUN
afs-53275	78	5	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	78	6	the	the	DET
afs-53275	78	7	firm	firm	NOUN
afs-53275	78	8	uses	use	VERB
afs-53275	78	9	agricultural	agricultural	ADJ
afs-53275	78	10	inputs	input	NOUN
afs-53275	78	11	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	78	12	combination	combination	NOUN
afs-53275	78	13	with	with	ADP
afs-53275	78	14	other	other	ADJ
afs-53275	78	15	variable	variable	ADJ
afs-53275	78	16	inputs	input	NOUN
afs-53275	78	17	to	to	PART
afs-53275	78	18	produce	produce	VERB
afs-53275	78	19	a	a	DET
afs-53275	78	20	food	food	NOUN
afs-53275	78	21	product	product	NOUN
afs-53275	78	22	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	79	1	to	to	PART
afs-53275	79	2	simplify	simplify	VERB
afs-53275	79	3	the	the	DET
afs-53275	79	4	algebra	algebra	NOUN
afs-53275	79	5	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	79	6	order	order	NOUN
afs-53275	79	7	to	to	PART
afs-53275	79	8	manage	manage	VERB
afs-53275	79	9	it	it	PRON
afs-53275	79	10	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	79	11	these	these	DET
afs-53275	79	12	non	non	ADJ
afs-53275	79	13	-	-	ADJ
afs-53275	79	14	agricultural	agricultural	ADJ
afs-53275	79	15	inputs	input	NOUN
afs-53275	79	16	are	be	AUX
afs-53275	79	17	subsumed	subsume	VERB
afs-53275	79	18	into	into	ADP
afs-53275	79	19	a	a	DET
afs-53275	79	20	single	single	ADJ
afs-53275	79	21	“	"	PUNCT
afs-53275	79	22	other	other	ADJ
afs-53275	79	23	cost	cost	NOUN
afs-53275	79	24	”	"	PUNCT
afs-53275	79	25	input	input	NOUN
afs-53275	79	26	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	79	27	which	which	PRON
afs-53275	79	28	is	be	AUX
afs-53275	79	29	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	80	1	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	80	2	addition	addition	NOUN
afs-53275	80	3	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	80	4	constant	constant	ADJ
afs-53275	80	5	returns	return	NOUN
afs-53275	80	6	to	to	PART
afs-53275	80	7	scale	scale	VERB
afs-53275	80	8	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	80	9	distribution	distribution	NOUN
afs-53275	80	10	are	be	AUX
afs-53275	80	11	assumed	assume	VERB
afs-53275	80	12	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	81	1	thus	thus	ADV
afs-53275	81	2	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	81	3	the	the	DET
afs-53275	81	4	first	first	ADJ
afs-53275	81	5	order	order	NOUN
afs-53275	81	6	condition	condition	NOUN
afs-53275	81	7	for	for	ADP
afs-53275	81	8	profit	profit	NOUN
afs-53275	81	9	maximisation	maximisation	NOUN
afs-53275	81	10	gives	give	VERB
afs-53275	81	11	30.5	30.5	NUM
afs-53275	81	12	31.1	31.1	NUM
afs-53275	81	13	31.1	31.1	NUM
afs-53275	81	14	34.3	34.3	NUM
afs-53275	81	15	33.9	33.9	NUM
afs-53275	81	16	39.9	39.9	NUM
afs-53275	81	17	41	41	NUM
afs-53275	81	18	42.4	42.4	NUM
afs-53275	81	19	43.2	43.2	NUM
afs-53275	81	20	44.1	44.1	NUM
afs-53275	81	21	45.2	45.2	NUM
afs-53275	81	22	45.6	45.6	NUM
afs-53275	81	23	45.7	45.7	NUM
afs-53275	81	24	36.5	36.5	NUM
afs-53275	81	25	36	36	NUM
afs-53275	81	26	35.8	35.8	NUM
afs-53275	81	27	35.3	35.3	NUM
afs-53275	82	1	35.9	35.9	NUM
afs-53275	82	2	33.4	33.4	NUM
afs-53275	82	3	33.9	33.9	NUM
afs-53275	82	4	33.7	33.7	NUM
afs-53275	82	5	34.2	34.2	NUM
afs-53275	82	6	35	35	NUM
afs-53275	82	7	35.3	35.3	NUM
afs-53275	82	8	34.7	34.7	NUM
afs-53275	82	9	34	34	NUM
afs-53275	82	10	12.6	12.6	NUM
afs-53275	82	11	12.9	12.9	NUM
afs-53275	82	12	12.7	12.7	NUM
afs-53275	82	13	10	10	NUM
afs-53275	82	14	10.8	10.8	NUM
afs-53275	82	15	11.9	11.9	NUM
afs-53275	82	16	11.9	11.9	NUM
afs-53275	82	17	11.3	11.3	NUM
afs-53275	82	18	10.2	10.2	NUM
afs-53275	82	19	9	9	NUM
afs-53275	82	20	7.8	7.8	NUM
afs-53275	82	21	7.3	7.3	NUM
afs-53275	82	22	71.8	71.8	NUM
afs-53275	82	23	2.8	2.8	NUM
afs-53275	82	24	3.7	3.7	NUM
afs-53275	82	25	4.1	4.1	NUM
afs-53275	82	26	4.7	4.7	NUM
afs-53275	82	27	5	5	NUM
afs-53275	82	28	5.1	5.1	NUM
afs-53275	82	29	4.8	4.8	NUM
afs-53275	82	30	6.2	6.2	NUM
afs-53275	82	31	6.5	6.5	NUM
afs-53275	82	32	8.120.4	8.120.4	NUM
afs-53275	82	33	21	21	NUM
afs-53275	82	34	18.6	18.6	NUM
afs-53275	82	35	17.6	17.6	NUM
afs-53275	82	36	15.7	15.7	NUM
afs-53275	82	37	10.7	10.7	NUM
afs-53275	82	38	8.5	8.5	NUM
afs-53275	82	39	7.6	7.6	NUM
afs-53275	82	40	7.3	7.3	NUM
afs-53275	82	41	7.1	7.1	NUM
afs-53275	82	42	5.5	5.5	NUM
afs-53275	82	43	5.9	5.9	NUM
afs-53275	82	44	5.2	5.2	NUM
afs-53275	82	45	0	0	NUM
afs-53275	83	1	10	10	NUM
afs-53275	84	1	20	20	NUM
afs-53275	84	2	30	30	NUM
afs-53275	84	3	40	40	NUM
afs-53275	84	4	50	50	NUM
afs-53275	84	5	60	60	NUM
afs-53275	84	6	70	70	NUM
afs-53275	84	7	80	80	NUM
afs-53275	84	8	90	90	NUM
afs-53275	84	9	100	100	NUM
afs-53275	84	10	2001	2001	NUM
afs-53275	84	11	2002	2002	NUM
afs-53275	84	12	2003	2003	NUM
afs-53275	84	13	2004	2004	NUM
afs-53275	84	14	2005	2005	NUM
afs-53275	84	15	2006	2006	NUM
afs-53275	84	16	2007	2007	NUM
afs-53275	84	17	2008	2008	NUM
afs-53275	84	18	2009	2009	NUM
afs-53275	84	19	2010	2010	NUM
afs-53275	84	20	2011	2011	NUM
afs-53275	84	21	2012	2012	NUM
afs-53275	84	22	2013	2013	NUM
afs-53275	84	23	s	s	NOUN
afs-53275	84	24	-	-	PUNCT
afs-53275	84	25	group	group	NOUN
afs-53275	84	26	k	k	PROPN
afs-53275	84	27	-	-	PUNCT
afs-53275	84	28	group	group	NOUN
afs-53275	84	29	suomen	suomen	PROPN
afs-53275	84	30	lähikauppa	lähikauppa	PROPN
afs-53275	84	31	/	/	SYM
afs-53275	84	32	tradeka	tradeka	PROPN
afs-53275	84	33	lidl	lidl	NUM
afs-53275	84	34	others	other	NOUN
afs-53275	84	35	pe	pe	PROPN
afs-53275	84	36	rc	rc	PROPN
afs-53275	84	37	en	en	X
afs-53275	84	38	ta	ta	PROPN
afs-53275	84	39	ge	ge	PROPN
afs-53275	84	40	fig	fig	PROPN
afs-53275	84	41	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	85	1	1	1	X
afs-53275	85	2	.	.	X
afs-53275	85	3	development	development	NOUN
afs-53275	85	4	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	85	5	the	the	DET
afs-53275	85	6	market	market	NOUN
afs-53275	85	7	shares	share	NOUN
afs-53275	85	8	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	85	9	finnish	finnish	ADJ
afs-53275	85	10	grocery	grocery	NOUN
afs-53275	85	11	trade	trade	NOUN
afs-53275	85	12	groups	group	NOUN
afs-53275	85	13	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	85	14	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	85	15	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	85	16	dqhr	dqhr	NOUN
afs-53275	85	17			ADJ
afs-53275	85	18	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	85	19	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	85	20	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	85	21	salp	salp	PROPN
afs-53275	85	22			PROPN
afs-53275	85	23			PROPN
afs-53275	85	24			NOUN
afs-53275	85	25	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	85	26	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	85	27	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	85	28	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	85	29	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	85	30	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	85	31	iiiii	iiiii	PROPN
afs-53275	85	32	qcaapqqr	qcaapqqr	PROPN
afs-53275	85	33			PROPN
afs-53275	85	34	iaap	iaap	PROPN
afs-53275	85	35	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	85	36	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	85	37	ic	ic	PROPN
afs-53275	85	38	agricultural	agricultural	ADJ
afs-53275	85	39	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	85	40	food	food	NOUN
afs-53275	85	41	science	science	PROPN
afs-53275	85	42	j.	j.	PROPN
afs-53275	85	43	niemi	niemi	PROPN
afs-53275	85	44	&	&	CCONJ
afs-53275	85	45	x.	x.	PROPN
afs-53275	85	46	liu	liu	PROPN
afs-53275	85	47	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	85	48	2016	2016	NUM
afs-53275	85	49	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	85	50	25	25	NUM
afs-53275	85	51	:	:	PUNCT
afs-53275	85	52	177–186	177–186	NUM
afs-53275	85	53	180	180	NUM
afs-53275	85	54	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	85	55	4	4	NUM
afs-53275	85	56	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	85	57	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	86	1	here	here	ADV
afs-53275	86	2	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	86	3	we	we	PRON
afs-53275	86	4	assume	assume	VERB
afs-53275	86	5	a	a	DET
afs-53275	86	6	fixed	fix	VERB
afs-53275	86	7	-	-	PUNCT
afs-53275	86	8	proportions	proportion	NOUN
afs-53275	86	9	technology	technology	NOUN
afs-53275	86	10	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	86	11	i.e.	i.e.	X
afs-53275	86	12	ii	ii	X
afs-53275	86	13	qa	qa	PROPN
afs-53275	86	14			PROPN
afs-53275	86	15	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	86	16	where	where	SCONJ
afs-53275	86	17			NOUN
afs-53275	86	18	is	be	AUX
afs-53275	86	19	the	the	DET
afs-53275	86	20	input	input	NOUN
afs-53275	86	21	-	-	PUNCT
afs-53275	86	22	output	output	NOUN
afs-53275	86	23	coefficient	coefficient	NOUN
afs-53275	86	24	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	87	1	then	then	ADV
afs-53275	87	2	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	87	3	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	87	4	4	4	X
afs-53275	87	5	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	87	6	could	could	AUX
afs-53275	87	7	be	be	AUX
afs-53275	87	8	transformed	transform	VERB
afs-53275	87	9	to	to	ADP
afs-53275	87	10	:	:	PUNCT
afs-53275	87	11	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	87	12	5	5	X
afs-53275	87	13	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	87	14	empirically	empirically	ADV
afs-53275	87	15	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	87	16	the	the	DET
afs-53275	87	17	linear	linear	NOUN
afs-53275	87	18	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	87	19	the	the	DET
afs-53275	87	20	log	log	NOUN
afs-53275	87	21	-	-	PUNCT
afs-53275	87	22	linear	linear	NOUN
afs-53275	87	23	forms	form	NOUN
afs-53275	87	24	are	be	AUX
afs-53275	87	25	among	among	ADP
afs-53275	87	26	the	the	DET
afs-53275	87	27	most	most	ADV
afs-53275	87	28	common	common	ADJ
afs-53275	87	29	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	87	30	estimating	estimate	VERB
afs-53275	87	31	the	the	DET
afs-53275	87	32	demand	demand	NOUN
afs-53275	87	33	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	87	34	supply	supply	NOUN
afs-53275	87	35	function	function	NOUN
afs-53275	87	36	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	87	37	as	as	SCONJ
afs-53275	87	38	the	the	DET
afs-53275	87	39	demand	demand	NOUN
afs-53275	87	40	curve	curve	NOUN
afs-53275	87	41	could	could	AUX
afs-53275	87	42	be	be	AUX
afs-53275	87	43	expressed	express	VERB
afs-53275	87	44	by	by	ADP
afs-53275	87	45	a	a	DET
afs-53275	87	46	general	general	ADJ
afs-53275	87	47	box	box	NOUN
afs-53275	87	48	-	-	PUNCT
afs-53275	87	49	cox	cox	PROPN
afs-53275	87	50	transformation	transformation	NOUN
afs-53275	87	51	given	give	VERB
afs-53275	87	52	by	by	ADP
afs-53275	87	53	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	87	54	/1(/)1	/1(/)1	PUNCT
afs-53275	87	55	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	87	56			PUNCT
afs-53275	87	57			PUNCT
afs-53275	87	58			PROPN
afs-53275	87	59	rahq	rahq	NOUN
afs-53275	87	60	;	;	PUNCT
afs-53275	87	61	when	when	SCONJ
afs-53275	87	62	=	=	PRON
afs-53275	87	63	1	1	NUM
afs-53275	87	64	we	we	PRON
afs-53275	87	65	have	have	VERB
afs-53275	87	66	the	the	DET
afs-53275	87	67	linear	linear	ADJ
afs-53275	87	68	demand	demand	NOUN
afs-53275	87	69	case	case	NOUN
afs-53275	87	70	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	87	71	mccorriston	mccorriston	NOUN
afs-53275	87	72	2001	2001	NUM
afs-53275	87	73	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	87	74	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	88	1	thus	thus	ADV
afs-53275	88	2	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	88	3	using	use	VERB
afs-53275	88	4	linear	linear	ADJ
afs-53275	88	5	functional	functional	ADJ
afs-53275	88	6	forms	form	NOUN
afs-53275	88	7	for	for	ADP
afs-53275	88	8	both	both	CCONJ
afs-53275	88	9	the	the	DET
afs-53275	88	10	demand	demand	NOUN
afs-53275	88	11	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	88	12	supply	supply	NOUN
afs-53275	88	13	function	function	NOUN
afs-53275	88	14	with	with	ADP
afs-53275	88	15	exogenous	exogenous	ADJ
afs-53275	88	16	demand	demand	NOUN
afs-53275	88	17	shifter	shifter	NOUN
afs-53275	89	1	d	d	NOUN
afs-53275	89	2	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	89	3	we	we	PRON
afs-53275	89	4	get	get	AUX
afs-53275	89	5	:	:	PUNCT
afs-53275	89	6	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	89	7	6	6	NUM
afs-53275	89	8	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	89	9	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	89	10	6a	6a	NOUN
afs-53275	89	11	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	89	12	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	89	13	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	89	14	a	a	PRON
afs-53275	89	15	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	89	16	representing	represent	VERB
afs-53275	89	17	the	the	DET
afs-53275	89	18	supply	supply	NOUN
afs-53275	89	19	input	input	NOUN
afs-53275	89	20	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	89	21	could	could	AUX
afs-53275	89	22	be	be	AUX
afs-53275	89	23	determined	determine	VERB
afs-53275	89	24	by	by	ADP
afs-53275	89	25	the	the	DET
afs-53275	89	26	food	food	NOUN
afs-53275	89	27	output	output	NOUN
afs-53275	89	28	to	to	ADP
afs-53275	89	29	the	the	DET
afs-53275	89	30	retailers	retailer	NOUN
afs-53275	89	31	q	q	NOUN
afs-53275	89	32	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	89	33	the	the	DET
afs-53275	89	34	exogenously	exogenously	ADV
afs-53275	89	35	determined	determined	ADJ
afs-53275	89	36	supply	supply	NOUN
afs-53275	89	37	shifter	shifter	NOUN
afs-53275	89	38	s	s	PART
afs-53275	89	39	:	:	PUNCT
afs-53275	89	40	setting	set	VERB
afs-53275	89	41	up	up	ADP
afs-53275	89	42	1	1	NUM
afs-53275	89	43	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	89	44	order	order	NOUN
afs-53275	89	45	to	to	PART
afs-53275	89	46	obtain	obtain	VERB
afs-53275	89	47	the	the	DET
afs-53275	89	48	explicit	explicit	ADJ
afs-53275	89	49	solution	solution	NOUN
afs-53275	89	50	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	89	51	we	we	PRON
afs-53275	89	52	could	could	AUX
afs-53275	89	53	rewrite	rewrite	VERB
afs-53275	89	54	equation	equation	NOUN
afs-53275	89	55	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	89	56	4	4	NUM
afs-53275	89	57	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	89	58	as	as	ADP
afs-53275	89	59	:	:	PUNCT
afs-53275	89	60	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	89	61	7	7	NUM
afs-53275	89	62	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	89	63	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	90	1	according	accord	VERB
afs-53275	90	2	to	to	ADP
afs-53275	90	3	sexton	sexton	PROPN
afs-53275	90	4	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	90	5	lavoie	lavoie	PROPN
afs-53275	90	6	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	90	7	2001	2001	NUM
afs-53275	90	8	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	90	9	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	90	10	“	"	PUNCT
afs-53275	90	11	a	a	DET
afs-53275	90	12	key	key	ADJ
afs-53275	90	13	feature	feature	NOUN
afs-53275	90	14	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	90	15	any	any	DET
afs-53275	90	16	model	model	NOUN
afs-53275	90	17	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	90	18	imperfect	imperfect	ADJ
afs-53275	90	19	competition	competition	NOUN
afs-53275	90	20	is	be	AUX
afs-53275	90	21	the	the	DET
afs-53275	90	22	manner	manner	NOUN
afs-53275	90	23	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	90	24	which	which	PRON
afs-53275	90	25	rival	rival	ADJ
afs-53275	90	26	firms	firm	NOUN
afs-53275	90	27	respond	respond	VERB
afs-53275	90	28	or	or	CCONJ
afs-53275	90	29	react	react	VERB
afs-53275	90	30	to	to	ADP
afs-53275	90	31	one	one	NUM
afs-53275	90	32	another	another	DET
afs-53275	90	33	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	90	34	”	"	PUNCT
afs-53275	91	1	empirically	empirically	ADV
afs-53275	91	2	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	91	3	most	most	ADJ
afs-53275	91	4	authors	author	NOUN
afs-53275	91	5	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	91	6	static	static	ADJ
afs-53275	91	7	structural	structural	ADJ
afs-53275	91	8	market	market	NOUN
afs-53275	91	9	models	model	NOUN
afs-53275	91	10	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	91	11	imperfect	imperfect	ADJ
afs-53275	91	12	competition	competition	NOUN
afs-53275	91	13	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	91	14	agriculture	agriculture	NOUN
afs-53275	91	15	have	have	AUX
afs-53275	91	16	used	use	VERB
afs-53275	91	17	the	the	DET
afs-53275	91	18	paradigm	paradigm	NOUN
afs-53275	91	19	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	91	20	conjectural	conjectural	ADJ
afs-53275	91	21	variations	variation	NOUN
afs-53275	91	22	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	91	23	holloway	holloway	PROPN
afs-53275	91	24	1991	1991	NUM
afs-53275	91	25	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	91	26	mccorriston	mccorriston	NOUN
afs-53275	91	27	et	et	PROPN
afs-53275	91	28	al	al	PROPN
afs-53275	91	29	.	.	PROPN
afs-53275	91	30	2001	2001	NUM
afs-53275	91	31	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	91	32	lloyd	lloyd	PROPN
afs-53275	91	33	et	et	PROPN
afs-53275	91	34	al	al	PROPN
afs-53275	91	35	.	.	PROPN
afs-53275	91	36	2009	2009	NUM
afs-53275	91	37	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	91	38	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	92	1	aggregate	aggregate	ADJ
afs-53275	92	2	conjecture	conjecture	NOUN
afs-53275	92	3	elasticity	elasticity	NOUN
afs-53275	92	4	can	can	AUX
afs-53275	92	5	be	be	AUX
afs-53275	92	6	described	describe	VERB
afs-53275	92	7	as	as	ADP
afs-53275	92	8	n	n	PROPN
afs-53275	92	9	q	q	NOUN
afs-53275	92	10	q	q	X
afs-53275	92	11	q	q	X
afs-53275	92	12	q	q	X
afs-53275	93	1	i	i	PRON
afs-53275	93	2	i	i	INTJ
afs-53275	93	3	i	i	INTJ
afs-53275	93	4	/	/	PUNCT
afs-53275	93	5	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	93	6	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	93	7			PROPN
afs-53275	93	8			PROPN
afs-53275	93	9			X
afs-53275	93	10			NOUN
afs-53275	93	11			VERB
afs-53275	93	12			PROPN
afs-53275	93	13			PROPN
afs-53275	93	14			PROPN
afs-53275	93	15			X
afs-53275	93	16			NOUN
afs-53275	93	17			VERB
afs-53275	93	18			PROPN
afs-53275	93	19			ADJ
afs-53275	93	20			PROPN
afs-53275	93	21			PROPN
afs-53275	94	1			NOUN
afs-53275	94	2	here	here	ADV
afs-53275	94	3	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	94	4	ii	ii	PROPN
afs-53275	94	5	qq	qq	PROPN
afs-53275	94	6			PROPN
afs-53275	94	7	/	/	PUNCT
afs-53275	94	8	is	be	AUX
afs-53275	94	9	the	the	DET
afs-53275	94	10	conjectural	conjectural	ADJ
afs-53275	94	11	variation	variation	NOUN
afs-53275	94	12	parameter	parameter	NOUN
afs-53275	94	13	for	for	ADP
afs-53275	94	14	firm	firm	ADJ
afs-53275	94	15	i.	i.	PROPN
afs-53275	94	16	assuming	assume	VERB
afs-53275	94	17	n	n	CCONJ
afs-53275	94	18	equal	equal	ADJ
afs-53275	94	19	-	-	PUNCT
afs-53275	94	20	sized	sized	ADJ
afs-53275	94	21	firms	firm	NOUN
afs-53275	94	22	with	with	ADP
afs-53275	94	23	an	an	DET
afs-53275	94	24	identical	identical	ADJ
afs-53275	94	25	cost	cost	NOUN
afs-53275	94	26	structure	structure	NOUN
afs-53275	94	27	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	94	28	as	as	SCONJ
afs-53275	94	29	is	be	AUX
afs-53275	94	30	common	common	ADJ
afs-53275	94	31	with	with	ADP
afs-53275	94	32	industrial	industrial	ADJ
afs-53275	94	33	organisation	organisation	NOUN
afs-53275	94	34	models	model	NOUN
afs-53275	94	35	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	94	36	this	this	DET
afs-53275	94	37	type	type	NOUN
afs-53275	94	38	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	94	39	it	it	PRON
afs-53275	94	40	is	be	AUX
afs-53275	94	41	assumed	assume	VERB
afs-53275	94	42	that	that	SCONJ
afs-53275	94	43	the	the	DET
afs-53275	94	44	conjectural	conjectural	ADJ
afs-53275	94	45	variation	variation	NOUN
afs-53275	94	46	parameters	parameter	NOUN
afs-53275	94	47	are	be	AUX
afs-53275	94	48	identical	identical	ADJ
afs-53275	94	49	across	across	ADP
afs-53275	94	50	all	all	DET
afs-53275	94	51	firms	firm	NOUN
afs-53275	94	52	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	94	53	cowling	cowl	VERB
afs-53275	94	54	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	94	55	waterson	waterson	PROPN
afs-53275	94	56	1976	1976	NUM
afs-53275	94	57	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	94	58	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	95	1	thus	thus	ADV
afs-53275	95	2	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	95	3	we	we	PRON
afs-53275	95	4	could	could	AUX
afs-53275	95	5	rewrite	rewrite	VERB
afs-53275	95	6	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	95	7	7	7	NUM
afs-53275	95	8	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	95	9	to	to	PART
afs-53275	95	10	be	be	AUX
afs-53275	95	11	the	the	DET
afs-53275	95	12	following	following	NOUN
afs-53275	95	13	:	:	PUNCT
afs-53275	95	14	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	95	15	8)	8)	NUM
afs-53275	95	16	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	95	17	where	where	SCONJ
afs-53275	95	18	m	m	PROPN
afs-53275	95	19	is	be	AUX
afs-53275	95	20	a	a	DET
afs-53275	95	21	composite	composite	ADJ
afs-53275	95	22	variable	variable	NOUN
afs-53275	95	23	that	that	PRON
afs-53275	95	24	represents	represent	VERB
afs-53275	95	25	all	all	DET
afs-53275	95	26	other	other	ADJ
afs-53275	95	27	costs	cost	NOUN
afs-53275	95	28	that	that	PRON
afs-53275	95	29	affect	affect	VERB
afs-53275	95	30	the	the	DET
afs-53275	95	31	retail	retail	ADJ
afs-53275	95	32	-	-	PUNCT
afs-53275	95	33	farm	farm	NOUN
afs-53275	95	34	price	price	NOUN
afs-53275	95	35	margin	margin	NOUN
afs-53275	95	36	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	96	1	more	more	ADV
afs-53275	96	2	generally	generally	ADV
afs-53275	96	3	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	96	4	may	may	AUX
afs-53275	96	5	be	be	AUX
afs-53275	96	6	thought	think	VERB
afs-53275	96	7	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	96	8	as	as	ADP
afs-53275	96	9	an	an	DET
afs-53275	96	10	index	index	NOUN
afs-53275	96	11	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	96	12	buyer	buyer	NOUN
afs-53275	96	13	power	power	NOUN
afs-53275	96	14	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	97	1	if	if	SCONJ
afs-53275	97	2	=	=	NOUN
afs-53275	97	3	0	0	NUM
afs-53275	97	4	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	97	5	we	we	PRON
afs-53275	97	6	have	have	VERB
afs-53275	97	7	competitive	competitive	ADJ
afs-53275	97	8	behaviour	behaviour	NOUN
afs-53275	97	9	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	97	10	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	97	11	if	if	SCONJ
afs-53275	97	12	=	=	SYM
afs-53275	97	13	1	1	NUM
afs-53275	97	14	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	97	15	we	we	PRON
afs-53275	97	16	have	have	VERB
afs-53275	97	17	collusive	collusive	ADJ
afs-53275	97	18	behaviour	behaviour	NOUN
afs-53275	97	19	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	98	1	therefore	therefore	ADV
afs-53275	98	2	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	98	3	if	if	SCONJ
afs-53275	98	4	there	there	PRON
afs-53275	98	5	is	be	VERB
afs-53275	98	6	no	no	DET
afs-53275	98	7	buyer	buyer	NOUN
afs-53275	98	8	power	power	NOUN
afs-53275	98	9	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	98	10	a	a	DET
afs-53275	98	11	market	market	NOUN
afs-53275	98	12	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	98	13	equation	equation	NOUN
afs-53275	98	14	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	98	15	8)	8)	NUM
afs-53275	98	16	could	could	AUX
afs-53275	98	17	be	be	AUX
afs-53275	98	18	reduced	reduce	VERB
afs-53275	98	19	to	to	ADP
afs-53275	98	20	:	:	PUNCT
afs-53275	98	21	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	98	22	9	9	NUM
afs-53275	98	23	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	98	24	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	98	25	consequently	consequently	ADV
afs-53275	98	26	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	98	27	the	the	DET
afs-53275	98	28	spread	spread	NOUN
afs-53275	98	29	between	between	ADP
afs-53275	98	30	the	the	DET
afs-53275	98	31	retailing	retailing	NOUN
afs-53275	98	32	price	price	NOUN
afs-53275	98	33	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	98	34	producer	producer	NOUN
afs-53275	98	35	price	price	NOUN
afs-53275	98	36	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	98	37	a	a	DET
afs-53275	98	38	perfectly	perfectly	ADV
afs-53275	98	39	competitive	competitive	ADJ
afs-53275	98	40	industry	industry	NOUN
afs-53275	98	41	is	be	AUX
afs-53275	98	42	solely	solely	ADV
afs-53275	98	43	attributed	attribute	VERB
afs-53275	98	44	to	to	ADP
afs-53275	98	45	marketing	marketing	NOUN
afs-53275	98	46	costs	cost	NOUN
afs-53275	98	47	under	under	ADP
afs-53275	98	48	competitive	competitive	ADJ
afs-53275	98	49	conditions	condition	NOUN
afs-53275	98	50	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	99	1	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	99	2	this	this	DET
afs-53275	99	3	case	case	NOUN
afs-53275	99	4	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	99	5	the	the	DET
afs-53275	99	6	exogenous	exogenous	ADJ
afs-53275	99	7	shifters	shifter	NOUN
afs-53275	99	8	from	from	ADP
afs-53275	99	9	both	both	CCONJ
afs-53275	99	10	the	the	DET
afs-53275	99	11	demand	demand	NOUN
afs-53275	99	12	side	side	NOUN
afs-53275	99	13	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	99	14	supply	supply	NOUN
afs-53275	99	15	side	side	NOUN
afs-53275	99	16	have	have	VERB
afs-53275	99	17	no	no	DET
afs-53275	99	18	impact	impact	NOUN
afs-53275	99	19	on	on	ADP
afs-53275	99	20	determining	determine	VERB
afs-53275	99	21	the	the	DET
afs-53275	99	22	spread	spread	NOUN
afs-53275	99	23	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	100	1	thus	thus	ADV
afs-53275	100	2	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	100	3	the	the	DET
afs-53275	100	4	exogenous	exogenous	ADJ
afs-53275	100	5	shifter	shifter	NOUN
afs-53275	100	6	can	can	AUX
afs-53275	100	7	not	not	PART
afs-53275	100	8	determine	determine	VERB
afs-53275	100	9	the	the	DET
afs-53275	100	10	difference	difference	NOUN
afs-53275	100	11	between	between	ADP
afs-53275	100	12	the	the	DET
afs-53275	100	13	prices	price	NOUN
afs-53275	100	14	at	at	ADP
afs-53275	100	15	each	each	DET
afs-53275	100	16	stage	stage	NOUN
afs-53275	100	17	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	100	18	the	the	DET
afs-53275	100	19	food	food	NOUN
afs-53275	100	20	chain	chain	NOUN
afs-53275	100	21	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	101	1	if	if	SCONJ
afs-53275	101	2	buyer	buyer	NOUN
afs-53275	101	3	power	power	NOUN
afs-53275	101	4	exists	exist	VERB
afs-53275	101	5	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	101	6	the	the	DET
afs-53275	101	7	spread	spread	NOUN
afs-53275	101	8	between	between	ADP
afs-53275	101	9	retail	retail	ADJ
afs-53275	101	10	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	101	11	producer	producer	NOUN
afs-53275	101	12	supply	supply	NOUN
afs-53275	101	13	prices	price	NOUN
afs-53275	101	14	behaves	behave	VERB
afs-53275	101	15	differently	differently	ADV
afs-53275	101	16	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	101	17	since	since	SCONJ
afs-53275	101	18	price	price	NOUN
afs-53275	101	19	setting	setting	NOUN
afs-53275	101	20	by	by	ADP
afs-53275	101	21	the	the	DET
afs-53275	101	22	sector	sector	NOUN
afs-53275	101	23	with	with	ADP
afs-53275	101	24	buyer	buyer	NOUN
afs-53275	101	25	power	power	NOUN
afs-53275	101	26	will	will	AUX
afs-53275	101	27	be	be	AUX
afs-53275	101	28	reflected	reflect	VERB
afs-53275	101	29	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	101	30	the	the	DET
afs-53275	101	31	mark	mark	NOUN
afs-53275	101	32	down	down	ADP
afs-53275	101	33	that	that	SCONJ
afs-53275	101	34	the	the	DET
afs-53275	101	35	firms	firm	NOUN
afs-53275	101	36	can	can	AUX
afs-53275	101	37	earn	earn	VERB
afs-53275	101	38	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	101	39	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	101	40	so	so	ADV
afs-53275	101	41	affects	affect	VERB
afs-53275	101	42	the	the	DET
afs-53275	101	43	spread	spread	NOUN
afs-53275	101	44	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	102	1	hence	hence	ADV
afs-53275	102	2	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	102	3	where	where	SCONJ
afs-53275	102	4	buyer	buyer	NOUN
afs-53275	102	5	power	power	NOUN
afs-53275	102	6	exists	exist	VERB
afs-53275	102	7	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	102	8	market	market	NOUN
afs-53275	102	9	shocks	shock	NOUN
afs-53275	102	10	have	have	VERB
afs-53275	102	11	a	a	DET
afs-53275	102	12	differential	differential	ADJ
afs-53275	102	13	impact	impact	NOUN
afs-53275	102	14	at	at	ADP
afs-53275	102	15	each	each	DET
afs-53275	102	16	stage	stage	NOUN
afs-53275	102	17	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	102	18	the	the	DET
afs-53275	102	19	marketing	marketing	NOUN
afs-53275	102	20	chain	chain	NOUN
afs-53275	102	21	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	102	22	thus	thus	ADV
afs-53275	102	23	determine	determine	VERB
afs-53275	102	24	the	the	DET
afs-53275	102	25	behaviour	behaviour	NOUN
afs-53275	102	26	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	102	27	the	the	DET
afs-53275	102	28	spread	spread	NOUN
afs-53275	102	29	between	between	ADP
afs-53275	102	30	prices	price	NOUN
afs-53275	102	31	at	at	ADP
afs-53275	102	32	different	different	ADJ
afs-53275	102	33	vertical	vertical	ADJ
afs-53275	102	34	levels	level	NOUN
afs-53275	102	35	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	102	36	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	102	37	addition	addition	NOUN
afs-53275	102	38	to	to	PART
afs-53275	102	39	bdarhq	bdarhq	VERB
afs-53275	103	1			X
afs-53275	103	2	sqa	sqa	PROPN
afs-53275	103	3			PROPN
afs-53275	104	1	i	i	PRON
afs-53275	105	1	i	i	PRON
afs-53275	106	1	i	i	PRON
afs-53275	107	1	i	i	PRON
afs-53275	108	1	i	i	PRON
afs-53275	109	1	i	i	PRON
afs-53275	109	2	q	q	PROPN
afs-53275	109	3	cpq	cpq	PROPN
afs-53275	109	4	q	q	PROPN
afs-53275	109	5	q	q	PROPN
afs-53275	109	6	a	a	DET
afs-53275	109	7	q	q	X
afs-53275	109	8	q	q	NOUN
afs-53275	109	9	qkr	qkr	NOUN
afs-53275	109	10			ADJ
afs-53275	109	11			ADJ
afs-53275	109	12			ADJ
afs-53275	109	13			ADJ
afs-53275	109	14			PROPN
afs-53275	109	15			VERB
afs-53275	109	16			PROPN
afs-53275	109	17			ADJ
afs-53275	109	18			ADJ
afs-53275	109	19	1	1	NUM
afs-53275	109	20			NOUN
afs-53275	109	21	mpr	mpr	PROPN
afs-53275	109	22			PROPN
afs-53275	109	23	mpq	mpq	PROPN
afs-53275	110	1	a	a	DET
afs-53275	110	2	qkr	qkr	NOUN
afs-53275	110	3			VERB
afs-53275	110	4			PROPN
afs-53275	111	1	kalp	kalp	PROPN
afs-53275	111	2			PROPN
afs-53275	112	1	i	i	PRON
afs-53275	112	2	i	i	PRON
afs-53275	113	1	i	i	PRON
afs-53275	113	2	i	i	PRON
afs-53275	114	1	i	i	PRON
afs-53275	115	1	i	i	PRON
afs-53275	115	2	q	q	VERB
afs-53275	115	3	cpa	cpa	VERB
afs-53275	115	4	a	a	DET
afs-53275	115	5	a	a	DET
afs-53275	115	6	a	a	DET
afs-53275	115	7	prq	prq	PROPN
afs-53275	115	8	q	q	PROPN
afs-53275	115	9	q	q	X
afs-53275	115	10	q	q	X
afs-53275	115	11	r	r	NOUN
afs-53275	115	12			ADJ
afs-53275	115	13			ADJ
afs-53275	115	14			ADJ
afs-53275	115	15			ADJ
afs-53275	115	16			ADJ
afs-53275	115	17			ADJ
afs-53275	115	18			PROPN
afs-53275	115	19			ADP
afs-53275	115	20			ADJ
afs-53275	115	21			ADJ
afs-53275	115	22			ADJ
afs-53275	115	23			ADJ
afs-53275	115	24			NOUN
afs-53275	116	1	0	0	NUM
afs-53275	116	2			ADJ
afs-53275	116	3			ADJ
afs-53275	116	4			PROPN
afs-53275	116	5			PROPN
afs-53275	116	6			ADJ
afs-53275	116	7			PROPN
afs-53275	116	8			PROPN
afs-53275	116	9			ADJ
afs-53275	116	10			ADJ
afs-53275	116	11			ADJ
afs-53275	116	12			PROPN
afs-53275	116	13			ADJ
afs-53275	116	14			ADJ
afs-53275	116	15			ADJ
afs-53275	116	16			PROPN
afs-53275	116	17			PROPN
afs-53275	116	18			ADJ
afs-53275	116	19			PROPN
afs-53275	116	20	i	i	PRON
afs-53275	117	1	i	i	PRON
afs-53275	117	2	i	i	PRON
afs-53275	118	1	i	i	PRON
afs-53275	118	2	i	i	PRON
afs-53275	119	1	i	i	PRON
afs-53275	119	2	i	i	PRON
afs-53275	119	3	ii	ii	VERB
afs-53275	120	1	i	i	PRON
afs-53275	120	2	q	q	PROPN
afs-53275	120	3	c	c	X
afs-53275	120	4	q	q	X
afs-53275	120	5	a	a	DET
afs-53275	120	6	pa	pa	PROPN
afs-53275	120	7	q	q	PROPN
afs-53275	120	8	a	a	PRON
afs-53275	120	9	a	a	DET
afs-53275	120	10	prq	prq	PROPN
afs-53275	120	11	q	q	PROPN
afs-53275	120	12	q	q	X
afs-53275	120	13	q	q	X
afs-53275	120	14	r	r	NOUN
afs-53275	120	15	q	q	X
afs-53275	120	16			PROPN
afs-53275	120	17	0	0	NUM
afs-53275	120	18	=	=	ADJ
afs-53275	120	19	θ	θ	NOUN
afs-53275	120	20	0	0	SYM
afs-53275	120	21	=	=	SYM
afs-53275	120	22	θ	θ	NOUN
afs-53275	120	23	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	120	24	/1(/)1	/1(/)1	PUNCT
afs-53275	120	25	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	120	26	ξξ	ξξ	NOUN
afs-53275	120	27	ξξ	ξξ	NOUN
afs-53275	121	1	−−=−	−−=−	NUM
afs-53275	121	2	rahq	rahq	VERB
afs-53275	121	3	1	1	NUM
afs-53275	121	4	=	=	SYM
afs-53275	121	5	ρ	ρ	NOUN
afs-53275	121	6	0	0	SYM
afs-53275	121	7	=	=	NUM
afs-53275	121	8	θ	θ	NOUN
afs-53275	121	9	agricultural	agricultural	ADJ
afs-53275	121	10	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	121	11	food	food	NOUN
afs-53275	121	12	science	science	PROPN
afs-53275	121	13	j.	j.	PROPN
afs-53275	121	14	niemi	niemi	PROPN
afs-53275	121	15	&	&	CCONJ
afs-53275	121	16	x.	x.	PROPN
afs-53275	121	17	liu	liu	PROPN
afs-53275	121	18	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	121	19	2016	2016	NUM
afs-53275	121	20	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	121	21	25	25	NUM
afs-53275	121	22	:	:	PUNCT
afs-53275	121	23	177–186	177–186	NUM
afs-53275	121	24	181	181	NUM
afs-53275	121	25	marketing	marketing	NOUN
afs-53275	121	26	costs	cost	NOUN
afs-53275	121	27	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	122	1	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	122	2	effect	effect	NOUN
afs-53275	122	3	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	122	4	shocks	shock	NOUN
afs-53275	122	5	to	to	ADP
afs-53275	122	6	the	the	DET
afs-53275	122	7	underlying	underlie	VERB
afs-53275	122	8	supply	supply	NOUN
afs-53275	122	9	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	122	10	demand	demand	NOUN
afs-53275	122	11	functions	function	NOUN
afs-53275	122	12	are	be	AUX
afs-53275	122	13	mediated	mediate	VERB
afs-53275	122	14	through	through	ADP
afs-53275	122	15	buyer	buyer	NOUN
afs-53275	122	16	power	power	NOUN
afs-53275	122	17	parameters	parameter	NOUN
afs-53275	122	18	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	122	19	thus	thus	ADV
afs-53275	122	20	give	give	VERB
afs-53275	122	21	rise	rise	NOUN
afs-53275	122	22	to	to	ADP
afs-53275	122	23	predictable	predictable	ADJ
afs-53275	122	24	effects	effect	NOUN
afs-53275	122	25	on	on	ADP
afs-53275	122	26	the	the	DET
afs-53275	122	27	spread	spread	NOUN
afs-53275	122	28	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	123	1	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	123	2	the	the	DET
afs-53275	123	3	absence	absence	NOUN
afs-53275	123	4	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	123	5	buyer	buyer	NOUN
afs-53275	123	6	power	power	NOUN
afs-53275	123	7	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	123	8	the	the	DET
afs-53275	123	9	effect	effect	NOUN
afs-53275	123	10	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	123	11	shocks	shock	NOUN
afs-53275	123	12	is	be	AUX
afs-53275	123	13	common	common	ADJ
afs-53275	123	14	at	at	ADP
afs-53275	123	15	all	all	DET
afs-53275	123	16	vertical	vertical	ADJ
afs-53275	123	17	market	market	NOUN
afs-53275	123	18	levels	level	NOUN
afs-53275	123	19	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	123	20	so	so	SCONJ
afs-53275	123	21	that	that	SCONJ
afs-53275	123	22	the	the	DET
afs-53275	123	23	spread	spread	NOUN
afs-53275	123	24	is	be	AUX
afs-53275	123	25	simply	simply	ADV
afs-53275	123	26	determined	determine	VERB
afs-53275	123	27	by	by	ADP
afs-53275	123	28	marketing	marketing	NOUN
afs-53275	123	29	costs	cost	NOUN
afs-53275	123	30	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	124	1	the	the	DET
afs-53275	124	2	theoretical	theoretical	ADJ
afs-53275	124	3	framework	framework	NOUN
afs-53275	124	4	delivers	deliver	VERB
afs-53275	124	5	an	an	DET
afs-53275	124	6	equation	equation	NOUN
afs-53275	124	7	for	for	ADP
afs-53275	124	8	the	the	DET
afs-53275	124	9	determination	determination	NOUN
afs-53275	124	10	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	124	11	the	the	DET
afs-53275	124	12	price	price	NOUN
afs-53275	124	13	spread	spread	NOUN
afs-53275	124	14	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	124	15	which	which	PRON
afs-53275	124	16	the	the	DET
afs-53275	124	17	impact	impact	NOUN
afs-53275	124	18	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	124	19	these	these	DET
afs-53275	124	20	shocks	shock	NOUN
afs-53275	124	21	appears	appear	VERB
afs-53275	124	22	with	with	ADP
afs-53275	124	23	a	a	DET
afs-53275	124	24	definite	definite	ADJ
afs-53275	124	25	sign	sign	NOUN
afs-53275	124	26	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	124	27	the	the	DET
afs-53275	124	28	presence	presence	NOUN
afs-53275	124	29	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	124	30	oligopsony	oligopsony	NOUN
afs-53275	124	31	power	power	NOUN
afs-53275	124	32	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	125	1	noticeably	noticeably	ADV
afs-53275	125	2	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	125	3	we	we	PRON
afs-53275	125	4	assume	assume	VERB
afs-53275	125	5	that	that	SCONJ
afs-53275	125	6	processing	processing	NOUN
afs-53275	125	7	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	125	8	wholesaling	wholesaling	NOUN
afs-53275	125	9	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	125	10	retailing	retailing	NOUN
afs-53275	125	11	stages	stage	NOUN
afs-53275	125	12	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	125	13	finland	finland	PROPN
afs-53275	125	14	are	be	AUX
afs-53275	125	15	one	one	NUM
afs-53275	125	16	integrated	integrate	VERB
afs-53275	125	17	sector	sector	NOUN
afs-53275	125	18	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	126	1	this	this	PRON
afs-53275	126	2	provides	provide	VERB
afs-53275	126	3	the	the	DET
afs-53275	126	4	theoretical	theoretical	ADJ
afs-53275	126	5	basis	basis	NOUN
afs-53275	126	6	for	for	ADP
afs-53275	126	7	a	a	DET
afs-53275	126	8	simple	simple	ADJ
afs-53275	126	9	empirical	empirical	ADJ
afs-53275	126	10	test	test	NOUN
afs-53275	126	11	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	126	12	the	the	DET
afs-53275	126	13	presence	presence	NOUN
afs-53275	126	14	or	or	CCONJ
afs-53275	126	15	otherwise	otherwise	ADV
afs-53275	126	16	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	126	17	perfect	perfect	ADJ
afs-53275	126	18	competition	competition	NOUN
afs-53275	126	19	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	127	1	writing	write	VERB
afs-53275	127	2	the	the	DET
afs-53275	127	3	margin	margin	NOUN
afs-53275	127	4	equation	equation	NOUN
afs-53275	127	5	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	127	6	an	an	DET
afs-53275	127	7	unrestricted	unrestricted	ADJ
afs-53275	127	8	form	form	NOUN
afs-53275	127	9	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	127	10	i.e.	i.e.	X
afs-53275	127	11	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	127	12	terms	term	NOUN
afs-53275	127	13	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	127	14	prices	price	NOUN
afs-53275	127	15	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	127	16	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	127	17	an	an	DET
afs-53275	127	18	empirical	empirical	ADJ
afs-53275	127	19	testable	testable	ADJ
afs-53275	127	20	equation	equation	NOUN
afs-53275	127	21	given	give	VERB
afs-53275	127	22	by	by	ADP
afs-53275	127	23	lloyd	lloyd	PROPN
afs-53275	127	24	et	et	PROPN
afs-53275	127	25	al	al	PROPN
afs-53275	127	26	.	.	PROPN
afs-53275	128	1	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	128	2	2009	2009	NUM
afs-53275	128	3	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	128	4	is	be	AUX
afs-53275	128	5	the	the	DET
afs-53275	128	6	following	follow	VERB
afs-53275	128	7	:	:	PUNCT
afs-53275	128	8	msdpr	msdpr	PROPN
afs-53275	128	9	43210	43210	NUM
afs-53275	128	10			X
afs-53275	128	11			NOUN
afs-53275	128	12	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	128	13	10	10	NUM
afs-53275	128	14	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	128	15	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	128	16	where	where	SCONJ
afs-53275	128	17	r	r	NOUN
afs-53275	128	18	is	be	AUX
afs-53275	128	19	the	the	DET
afs-53275	128	20	retail	retail	ADJ
afs-53275	128	21	price	price	NOUN
afs-53275	128	22	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	128	23	p	p	NOUN
afs-53275	128	24	is	be	AUX
afs-53275	128	25	the	the	DET
afs-53275	128	26	producer	producer	NOUN
afs-53275	128	27	price	price	NOUN
afs-53275	128	28	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	128	29	the	the	DET
afs-53275	128	30	good	good	NOUN
afs-53275	128	31	under	under	ADP
afs-53275	128	32	consideration	consideration	NOUN
afs-53275	128	33	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	128	34	m	m	VERB
afs-53275	128	35	is	be	AUX
afs-53275	128	36	a	a	DET
afs-53275	128	37	composite	composite	ADJ
afs-53275	128	38	variable	variable	NOUN
afs-53275	128	39	that	that	PRON
afs-53275	128	40	represents	represent	VERB
afs-53275	128	41	all	all	DET
afs-53275	128	42	other	other	ADJ
afs-53275	128	43	costs	cost	NOUN
afs-53275	128	44	that	that	PRON
afs-53275	128	45	affect	affect	VERB
afs-53275	128	46	the	the	DET
afs-53275	128	47	retail	retail	ADJ
afs-53275	128	48	-	-	PUNCT
afs-53275	128	49	farm	farm	NOUN
afs-53275	128	50	price	price	NOUN
afs-53275	128	51	margin	margin	NOUN
afs-53275	128	52	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	128	53	d	d	NOUN
afs-53275	128	54	is	be	AUX
afs-53275	128	55	a	a	DET
afs-53275	128	56	general	general	ADJ
afs-53275	128	57	demand	demand	NOUN
afs-53275	128	58	shifter	shifter	NOUN
afs-53275	128	59	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	128	60	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	128	61	s	s	VERB
afs-53275	128	62	is	be	AUX
afs-53275	128	63	the	the	DET
afs-53275	128	64	exogenous	exogenous	ADJ
afs-53275	128	65	shifter	shifter	NOUN
afs-53275	128	66	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	128	67	the	the	DET
afs-53275	128	68	farm	farm	NOUN
afs-53275	128	69	supply	supply	NOUN
afs-53275	128	70	equation	equation	NOUN
afs-53275	128	71	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	129	1	the	the	DET
afs-53275	129	2	expected	expect	VERB
afs-53275	129	3	signs	sign	NOUN
afs-53275	129	4	for	for	ADP
afs-53275	129	5	the	the	DET
afs-53275	129	6	coefficients	coefficient	NOUN
afs-53275	129	7	are	be	AUX
afs-53275	129	8	β1	β1	VERB
afs-53275	129	9	>	>	X
afs-53275	129	10	0	0	PROPN
afs-53275	129	11	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	129	12	β4	β4	VERB
afs-53275	129	13	>	>	X
afs-53275	129	14	0	0	PROPN
afs-53275	129	15	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	129	16	irrespective	irrespective	ADV
afs-53275	129	17	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	129	18	the	the	DET
afs-53275	129	19	degree	degree	NOUN
afs-53275	129	20	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	129	21	retail	retail	ADJ
afs-53275	129	22	competition	competition	NOUN
afs-53275	129	23	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	130	1	the	the	DET
afs-53275	130	2	test	test	NOUN
afs-53275	130	3	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	130	4	perfect	perfect	ADJ
afs-53275	130	5	competition	competition	NOUN
afs-53275	130	6	can	can	AUX
afs-53275	130	7	be	be	AUX
afs-53275	130	8	achieved	achieve	VERB
afs-53275	130	9	by	by	ADP
afs-53275	130	10	testing	test	VERB
afs-53275	130	11	whether	whether	SCONJ
afs-53275	130	12	the	the	DET
afs-53275	130	13	remaining	remain	VERB
afs-53275	130	14	variables	variable	NOUN
afs-53275	130	15	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	130	16	equation	equation	NOUN
afs-53275	130	17	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	130	18	10	10	NUM
afs-53275	130	19	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	130	20	are	be	AUX
afs-53275	130	21	significant	significant	ADJ
afs-53275	130	22	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	131	1	more	more	ADV
afs-53275	131	2	precisely	precisely	ADV
afs-53275	131	3	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	131	4	if	if	SCONJ
afs-53275	131	5	β2	β2	VERB
afs-53275	131	6	=	=	NOUN
afs-53275	131	7	β3	β3	PROPN
afs-53275	131	8	=	=	SYM
afs-53275	131	9	0	0	NUM
afs-53275	131	10	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	131	11	the	the	DET
afs-53275	131	12	perfect	perfect	ADJ
afs-53275	131	13	competition	competition	NOUN
afs-53275	131	14	condition	condition	NOUN
afs-53275	131	15	is	be	AUX
afs-53275	131	16	fulfilled	fulfil	VERB
afs-53275	131	17	;	;	PUNCT
afs-53275	131	18	otherwise	otherwise	ADV
afs-53275	131	19	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	131	20	imperfect	imperfect	ADJ
afs-53275	131	21	competition	competition	NOUN
afs-53275	131	22	exists	exist	VERB
afs-53275	131	23	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	131	24	the	the	DET
afs-53275	131	25	market	market	NOUN
afs-53275	131	26	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	132	1	furthermore	furthermore	ADV
afs-53275	132	2	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	132	3	with	with	ADP
afs-53275	132	4	constant	constant	ADJ
afs-53275	132	5	elasticity	elasticity	NOUN
afs-53275	132	6	functional	functional	ADJ
afs-53275	132	7	forms	form	NOUN
afs-53275	132	8	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	132	9	if	if	SCONJ
afs-53275	132	10	oligopsony	oligopsony	NOUN
afs-53275	132	11	power	power	NOUN
afs-53275	132	12	is	be	AUX
afs-53275	132	13	exercised	exercise	VERB
afs-53275	132	14	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	132	15	the	the	DET
afs-53275	132	16	margin	margin	NOUN
afs-53275	132	17	between	between	ADP
afs-53275	132	18	the	the	DET
afs-53275	132	19	retail	retail	ADJ
afs-53275	132	20	price	price	NOUN
afs-53275	132	21	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	132	22	producer	producer	NOUN
afs-53275	132	23	price	price	NOUN
afs-53275	132	24	can	can	AUX
afs-53275	132	25	be	be	AUX
afs-53275	132	26	caused	cause	VERB
afs-53275	132	27	by	by	ADP
afs-53275	132	28	either	either	CCONJ
afs-53275	132	29	an	an	DET
afs-53275	132	30	increasing	increase	VERB
afs-53275	132	31	shock	shock	NOUN
afs-53275	132	32	to	to	ADP
afs-53275	132	33	the	the	DET
afs-53275	132	34	demand	demand	NOUN
afs-53275	132	35	shifter	shifter	NOUN
afs-53275	132	36	or	or	CCONJ
afs-53275	132	37	decreasing	decrease	VERB
afs-53275	132	38	shock	shock	NOUN
afs-53275	132	39	to	to	ADP
afs-53275	132	40	the	the	DET
afs-53275	132	41	supply	supply	NOUN
afs-53275	132	42	shifter	shifter	NOUN
afs-53275	132	43	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	133	1	as	as	ADP
afs-53275	133	2	a	a	DET
afs-53275	133	3	result	result	NOUN
afs-53275	133	4	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	133	5	either	either	CCONJ
afs-53275	133	6	the	the	DET
afs-53275	133	7	sign	sign	NOUN
afs-53275	133	8	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	133	9	the	the	DET
afs-53275	133	10	demand	demand	NOUN
afs-53275	133	11	shifter	shifter	NOUN
afs-53275	133	12	should	should	AUX
afs-53275	133	13	turn	turn	VERB
afs-53275	133	14	positive	positive	ADJ
afs-53275	133	15	or	or	CCONJ
afs-53275	133	16	the	the	DET
afs-53275	133	17	sign	sign	NOUN
afs-53275	133	18	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	133	19	the	the	DET
afs-53275	133	20	supply	supply	NOUN
afs-53275	133	21	shifter	shifter	NOUN
afs-53275	133	22	should	should	AUX
afs-53275	133	23	turn	turn	VERB
afs-53275	133	24	negative	negative	ADJ
afs-53275	133	25	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	133	26	i.e.	i.e.	X
afs-53275	133	27	β2	β2	NOUN
afs-53275	133	28	>	>	X
afs-53275	133	29	0	0	PUNCT
afs-53275	133	30	or	or	CCONJ
afs-53275	133	31	β3	β3	VERB
afs-53275	133	32	<	<	X
afs-53275	133	33	0	0	NUM
afs-53275	133	34	would	would	AUX
afs-53275	133	35	be	be	AUX
afs-53275	133	36	significant	significant	ADJ
afs-53275	133	37	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	133	38	equation	equation	NOUN
afs-53275	133	39	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	133	40	10	10	NUM
afs-53275	133	41	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	133	42	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	134	1	empirically	empirically	ADV
afs-53275	134	2	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	134	3	we	we	PRON
afs-53275	134	4	assume	assume	VERB
afs-53275	134	5	that	that	SCONJ
afs-53275	134	6	the	the	DET
afs-53275	134	7	data	datum	NOUN
afs-53275	134	8	may	may	AUX
afs-53275	134	9	be	be	AUX
afs-53275	134	10	approximated	approximate	VERB
afs-53275	134	11	by	by	ADP
afs-53275	134	12	a	a	DET
afs-53275	134	13	var	var	NOUN
afs-53275	134	14	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	134	15	p	p	NOUN
afs-53275	134	16	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	134	17	model	model	NOUN
afs-53275	134	18	as	as	SCONJ
afs-53275	134	19	follows	follow	VERB
afs-53275	134	20	:	:	PUNCT
afs-53275	134	21	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	134	22	11	11	NUM
afs-53275	134	23	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	134	24	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	134	25	where	where	SCONJ
afs-53275	134	26	xt	xt	PROPN
afs-53275	134	27	is	be	AUX
afs-53275	134	28	a	a	DET
afs-53275	134	29	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	134	30	k	k	X
afs-53275	134	31	×	×	PROPN
afs-53275	134	32	1	1	NUM
afs-53275	134	33	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	134	34	vector	vector	NOUN
afs-53275	134	35	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	134	36	jointly	jointly	ADV
afs-53275	134	37	determined	determine	VERB
afs-53275	134	38	i(1	i(1	PROPN
afs-53275	134	39	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	134	40	variables	variable	NOUN
afs-53275	134	41	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	134	42	zt	zt	PROPN
afs-53275	134	43	is	be	AUX
afs-53275	134	44	a	a	DET
afs-53275	134	45	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	134	46	d	d	NOUN
afs-53275	134	47	×	×	NOUN
afs-53275	134	48	1	1	NUM
afs-53275	134	49	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	134	50	vector	vector	NOUN
afs-53275	134	51	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	134	52	deterministic	deterministic	ADJ
afs-53275	134	53	terms	term	NOUN
afs-53275	134	54	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	134	55	constants	constant	NOUN
afs-53275	134	56	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	134	57	trends	trend	NOUN
afs-53275	134	58	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	134	59	centred	centred	ADJ
afs-53275	134	60	seasonals	seasonal	NOUN
afs-53275	134	61	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	134	62	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	134	63	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	134	64	each	each	DET
afs-53275	134	65	i	i	PRON
afs-53275	134	66	φ	φ	X
afs-53275	134	67	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	134	68	i	i	NOUN
afs-53275	134	69	=	=	SYM
afs-53275	134	70	1,k	1,k	PROPN
afs-53275	134	71	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	134	72	p	p	NOUN
afs-53275	134	73	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	134	74	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	134	75	each	each	DET
afs-53275	134	76	ψ	ψ	X
afs-53275	134	77	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	134	78	i	i	NOUN
afs-53275	134	79	=	=	NOUN
afs-53275	134	80	1	1	NUM
afs-53275	134	81	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	134	82	…	…	PUNCT
afs-53275	134	83	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	134	84	m	m	PROPN
afs-53275	134	85	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	134	86	φ	φ	PROPN
afs-53275	134	87	is	be	AUX
afs-53275	134	88	a	a	DET
afs-53275	134	89	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	134	90	k	k	PROPN
afs-53275	134	91	×	×	PROPN
afs-53275	134	92	k	k	NOUN
afs-53275	134	93	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	134	94	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	134	95	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	134	96	k	k	NOUN
afs-53275	134	97	×	×	PROPN
afs-53275	134	98	d	d	NOUN
afs-53275	134	99	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	134	100	matrix	matrix	NOUN
afs-53275	134	101	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	134	102	coefficients	coefficient	NOUN
afs-53275	134	103	to	to	PART
afs-53275	134	104	be	be	AUX
afs-53275	134	105	estimated	estimate	VERB
afs-53275	134	106	using	use	VERB
afs-53275	134	107	a	a	PRON
afs-53275	134	108	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	134	109	t	t	NOUN
afs-53275	134	110	=	=	SYM
afs-53275	134	111	1	1	NUM
afs-53275	134	112	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	134	113	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	134	114	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	135	1	.t	.t	PROPN
afs-53275	135	2	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	135	3	sample	sample	NOUN
afs-53275	135	4	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	135	5	the	the	DET
afs-53275	135	6	data	datum	NOUN
afs-53275	135	7	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	136	1	vt	vt	PROPN
afs-53275	136	2	is	be	AUX
afs-53275	136	3	a	a	DET
afs-53275	136	4	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	136	5	k	k	NOUN
afs-53275	136	6	×1	×1	PROPN
afs-53275	136	7	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	136	8	vector	vector	NOUN
afs-53275	136	9	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	136	10	n.i.d	n.i.d	PROPN
afs-53275	136	11	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	136	12	disturbances	disturbance	NOUN
afs-53275	136	13	with	with	ADP
afs-53275	136	14	zero	zero	NUM
afs-53275	136	15	mean	mean	NOUN
afs-53275	136	16	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	136	17	a	a	DET
afs-53275	136	18	non	non	ADJ
afs-53275	136	19	-	-	ADJ
afs-53275	136	20	diagonal	diagonal	ADJ
afs-53275	136	21	covariance	covariance	NOUN
afs-53275	136	22	matrix	matrix	NOUN
afs-53275	136	23	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	136	24	σ	σ	PROPN
afs-53275	136	25	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	137	1	the	the	DET
afs-53275	137	2	presence	presence	NOUN
afs-53275	137	3	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	137	4	a	a	DET
afs-53275	137	5	price	price	NOUN
afs-53275	137	6	transmission	transmission	NOUN
afs-53275	137	7	relationship	relationship	NOUN
afs-53275	137	8	between	between	ADP
afs-53275	137	9	the	the	DET
afs-53275	137	10	retailer	retailer	NOUN
afs-53275	137	11	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	137	12	producer	producer	NOUN
afs-53275	137	13	is	be	AUX
afs-53275	137	14	indicated	indicate	VERB
afs-53275	137	15	by	by	ADP
afs-53275	137	16	the	the	DET
afs-53275	137	17	detection	detection	NOUN
afs-53275	137	18	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	137	19	cointegration	cointegration	NOUN
afs-53275	137	20	among	among	ADP
afs-53275	137	21	the	the	DET
afs-53275	137	22	variables	variable	NOUN
afs-53275	137	23	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	137	24	xt	xt	PROPN
afs-53275	137	25	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	138	1	rearranging	rearrange	VERB
afs-53275	138	2	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	138	3	11	11	NUM
afs-53275	138	4	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	138	5	into	into	ADP
afs-53275	138	6	its	its	PRON
afs-53275	138	7	error	error	NOUN
afs-53275	138	8	correction	correction	NOUN
afs-53275	138	9	form	form	NOUN
afs-53275	138	10	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	138	11	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	138	12	12	12	NUM
afs-53275	138	13	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	138	14	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	138	15	we	we	PRON
afs-53275	138	16	test	test	VERB
afs-53275	138	17	for	for	ADP
afs-53275	138	18	cointegration	cointegration	NOUN
afs-53275	138	19	using	use	VERB
afs-53275	138	20	johansen	johansen	PROPN
afs-53275	138	21	’s	’s	PART
afs-53275	138	22	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	138	23	1988	1988	NUM
afs-53275	138	24	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	138	25	maximum	maximum	ADJ
afs-53275	138	26	likelihood	likelihood	NOUN
afs-53275	138	27	procedure	procedure	NOUN
afs-53275	138	28	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	138	29	which	which	PRON
afs-53275	138	30	attention	attention	NOUN
afs-53275	138	31	focuses	focus	VERB
afs-53275	138	32	on	on	ADP
afs-53275	138	33	the	the	DET
afs-53275	138	34	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	138	35	k	k	PROPN
afs-53275	138	36	×	×	PROPN
afs-53275	138	37	r	r	NOUN
afs-53275	138	38	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	138	39	matrix	matrix	NOUN
afs-53275	138	40	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	138	41	co	co	ADJ
afs-53275	138	42	-	-	ADJ
afs-53275	138	43	integrating	integrating	ADJ
afs-53275	138	44	vectors	vector	NOUN
afs-53275	138	45	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	138	46	comprising	comprise	VERB
afs-53275	138	47	β	β	NOUN
afs-53275	138	48	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	138	49	that	that	PRON
afs-53275	138	50	quantify	quantify	VERB
afs-53275	138	51	the	the	DET
afs-53275	138	52	‘	'	PUNCT
afs-53275	138	53	long	long	ADJ
afs-53275	138	54	-	-	PUNCT
afs-53275	138	55	term	term	NOUN
afs-53275	138	56	’	'	PUNCT
afs-53275	138	57	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	138	58	or	or	CCONJ
afs-53275	138	59	equilibrium	equilibrium	NOUN
afs-53275	138	60	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	138	61	relationships	relationship	NOUN
afs-53275	138	62	between	between	ADP
afs-53275	138	63	the	the	DET
afs-53275	138	64	variables	variable	NOUN
afs-53275	138	65	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	138	66	the	the	DET
afs-53275	138	67	system	system	NOUN
afs-53275	138	68	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	138	69	the	the	DET
afs-53275	138	70	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	138	71	k	k	PROPN
afs-53275	138	72	×	×	PROPN
afs-53275	138	73	r	r	NOUN
afs-53275	138	74	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	138	75	matrix	matrix	NOUN
afs-53275	138	76	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	138	77	error	error	NOUN
afs-53275	138	78	correction	correction	NOUN
afs-53275	138	79	coefficients	coefficient	NOUN
afs-53275	138	80	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	138	81	α	α	X
afs-53275	138	82	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	138	83	the	the	DET
afs-53275	138	84	elements	element	NOUN
afs-53275	138	85	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	138	86	which	which	PRON
afs-53275	138	87	load	load	VERB
afs-53275	138	88	deviations	deviation	NOUN
afs-53275	138	89	from	from	ADP
afs-53275	138	90	equilibrium	equilibrium	NOUN
afs-53275	138	91	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	138	92	i.e.	i.e.	X
afs-53275	138	93	β›xt	β›xt	X
afs-53275	138	94	-	-	PUNCT
afs-53275	138	95	m	m	NOUN
afs-53275	138	96	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	138	97	into	into	ADP
afs-53275	138	98	δxt	δxt	NOUN
afs-53275	138	99	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	138	100	for	for	ADP
afs-53275	138	101	correction	correction	NOUN
afs-53275	138	102	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	139	1	the	the	DET
afs-53275	139	2	γi	γi	PROPN
afs-53275	139	3	coefficients	coefficient	NOUN
afs-53275	139	4	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	139	5	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	139	6	12	12	NUM
afs-53275	139	7	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	139	8	estimate	estimate	NOUN
afs-53275	139	9	the	the	DET
afs-53275	139	10	shortterm	shortterm	PROPN
afs-53275	139	11	effect	effect	NOUN
afs-53275	139	12	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	139	13	shocks	shock	NOUN
afs-53275	139	14	on	on	ADP
afs-53275	139	15	δxt	δxt	NOUN
afs-53275	139	16	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	139	17	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	139	18	thereby	thereby	ADV
afs-53275	139	19	allow	allow	VERB
afs-53275	139	20	the	the	DET
afs-53275	139	21	shortand	shortand	NOUN
afs-53275	139	22	long	long	ADJ
afs-53275	139	23	-	-	PUNCT
afs-53275	139	24	term	term	NOUN
afs-53275	139	25	responses	response	NOUN
afs-53275	139	26	to	to	PART
afs-53275	139	27	differ	differ	VERB
afs-53275	139	28	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	140	1	when	when	SCONJ
afs-53275	140	2	a	a	DET
afs-53275	140	3	single	single	ADJ
afs-53275	140	4	cointegrating	cointegrate	VERB
afs-53275	140	5	relationship	relationship	NOUN
afs-53275	140	6	is	be	AUX
afs-53275	140	7	detected	detect	VERB
afs-53275	140	8	between	between	ADP
afs-53275	140	9	retail	retail	ADJ
afs-53275	140	10	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	140	11	producer	producer	NOUN
afs-53275	140	12	prices	price	NOUN
afs-53275	140	13	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	140	14	formal	formal	ADJ
afs-53275	140	15	testing	testing	NOUN
afs-53275	140	16	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	140	17	the	the	DET
afs-53275	140	18	significance	significance	NOUN
afs-53275	140	19	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	140	20	the	the	DET
afs-53275	140	21	supply	supply	NOUN
afs-53275	140	22	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	140	23	demands	demand	NOUN
afs-53275	140	24	shocks	shock	NOUN
afs-53275	140	25	is	be	AUX
afs-53275	140	26	undertaken	undertake	VERB
afs-53275	140	27	to	to	PART
afs-53275	140	28	investigate	investigate	VERB
afs-53275	140	29	whether	whether	SCONJ
afs-53275	140	30	buyer	buyer	NOUN
afs-53275	140	31	power	power	NOUN
afs-53275	140	32	is	be	AUX
afs-53275	140	33	present	present	ADJ
afs-53275	140	34	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	141	1	if	if	SCONJ
afs-53275	141	2	the	the	DET
afs-53275	141	3	vertical	vertical	ADJ
afs-53275	141	4	market	market	NOUN
afs-53275	141	5	for	for	ADP
afs-53275	141	6	a	a	DET
afs-53275	141	7	product	product	NOUN
afs-53275	141	8	is	be	AUX
afs-53275	141	9	perfectly	perfectly	ADV
afs-53275	141	10	competitive	competitive	ADJ
afs-53275	141	11	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	141	12	retail	retail	ADJ
afs-53275	141	13	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	141	14	producer	producer	NOUN
afs-53275	141	15	prices	price	NOUN
afs-53275	141	16	may	may	AUX
afs-53275	141	17	be	be	AUX
afs-53275	141	18	expected	expect	VERB
afs-53275	141	19	to	to	PART
afs-53275	141	20	form	form	VERB
afs-53275	141	21	a	a	DET
afs-53275	141	22	cointegrated	cointegrate	VERB
afs-53275	141	23	relationship	relationship	NOUN
afs-53275	141	24	with	with	ADP
afs-53275	141	25	at	at	ADP
afs-53275	141	26	most	most	ADJ
afs-53275	141	27	marketing	marketing	NOUN
afs-53275	141	28	costs	cost	NOUN
afs-53275	141	29	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	142	1	if	if	SCONJ
afs-53275	142	2	buying	buy	VERB
afs-53275	142	3	power	power	NOUN
afs-53275	142	4	is	be	AUX
afs-53275	142	5	exerted	exert	VERB
afs-53275	142	6	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	142	7	finnish	finnish	ADJ
afs-53275	142	8	food	food	NOUN
afs-53275	142	9	supply	supply	NOUN
afs-53275	142	10	chain	chain	NOUN
afs-53275	142	11	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	142	12	the	the	DET
afs-53275	142	13	supply	supply	NOUN
afs-53275	142	14	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	142	15	demand	demand	NOUN
afs-53275	142	16	shifters	shifter	NOUN
afs-53275	142	17	also	also	ADV
afs-53275	142	18	enter	enter	VERB
afs-53275	142	19	the	the	DET
afs-53275	142	20	pricing	pricing	NOUN
afs-53275	142	21	relationship	relationship	NOUN
afs-53275	142	22	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	143	1	this	this	PRON
afs-53275	143	2	then	then	ADV
afs-53275	143	3	gives	give	VERB
afs-53275	143	4	rise	rise	NOUN
afs-53275	143	5	to	to	ADP
afs-53275	143	6	a	a	DET
afs-53275	143	7	null	null	ADJ
afs-53275	143	8	hypothesis	hypothesis	NOUN
afs-53275	143	9	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	143	10	perfect	perfect	ADJ
afs-53275	143	11	competition	competition	NOUN
afs-53275	143	12	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	143	13	which	which	PRON
afs-53275	143	14	can	can	AUX
afs-53275	143	15	be	be	AUX
afs-53275	143	16	empirically	empirically	ADV
afs-53275	143	17	evaluated	evaluate	VERB
afs-53275	143	18	by	by	ADP
afs-53275	143	19	a	a	DET
afs-53275	143	20	standard	standard	ADJ
afs-53275	143	21	likelihood	likelihood	NOUN
afs-53275	143	22	ratio	ratio	NOUN
afs-53275	143	23	test	test	NOUN
afs-53275	143	24	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	143	25	the	the	DET
afs-53275	143	26	exclusion	exclusion	NOUN
afs-53275	143	27	restrictions	restriction	NOUN
afs-53275	143	28	on	on	ADP
afs-53275	143	29	the	the	DET
afs-53275	143	30	shifters	shifter	NOUN
afs-53275	143	31	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	143	32	the	the	DET
afs-53275	143	33	cointegrating	cointegrate	VERB
afs-53275	143	34	relationship	relationship	NOUN
afs-53275	143	35	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	144	1	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	144	2	addition	addition	NOUN
afs-53275	144	3	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	144	4	given	give	VERB
afs-53275	144	5	that	that	SCONJ
afs-53275	144	6	the	the	DET
afs-53275	144	7	theoretical	theoretical	ADJ
afs-53275	144	8	model	model	NOUN
afs-53275	144	9	signs	sign	VERB
afs-53275	144	10	the	the	DET
afs-53275	144	11	parameters	parameter	NOUN
afs-53275	144	12	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	144	13	the	the	DET
afs-53275	144	14	pricing	pricing	NOUN
afs-53275	144	15	relationship	relationship	NOUN
afs-53275	144	16	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	144	17	10	10	NUM
afs-53275	144	18	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	144	19	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	144	20	we	we	PRON
afs-53275	144	21	can	can	AUX
afs-53275	144	22	offer	offer	VERB
afs-53275	144	23	some	some	DET
afs-53275	144	24	additional	additional	ADJ
afs-53275	144	25	evidence	evidence	NOUN
afs-53275	144	26	on	on	ADP
afs-53275	144	27	the	the	DET
afs-53275	144	28	possible	possible	ADJ
afs-53275	144	29	rejection	rejection	NOUN
afs-53275	144	30	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	144	31	perfect	perfect	ADJ
afs-53275	144	32	competition	competition	NOUN
afs-53275	144	33	by	by	ADP
afs-53275	144	34	comparing	compare	VERB
afs-53275	144	35	the	the	DET
afs-53275	144	36	estimated	estimate	VERB
afs-53275	144	37	signs	sign	NOUN
afs-53275	144	38	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	144	39	the	the	DET
afs-53275	144	40	shifters	shifter	NOUN
afs-53275	144	41	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	144	42	the	the	DET
afs-53275	144	43	cointegrating	cointegrate	VERB
afs-53275	144	44	relationship	relationship	NOUN
afs-53275	144	45	with	with	ADP
afs-53275	144	46	that	that	PRON
afs-53275	144	47	predicted	predict	VERB
afs-53275	144	48	by	by	ADP
afs-53275	144	49	the	the	DET
afs-53275	144	50	theoretical	theoretical	ADJ
afs-53275	144	51	model	model	NOUN
afs-53275	144	52	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	145	1	ttmtmttt	ttmtmttt	NOUN
afs-53275	145	2	vxxxx	vxxxx	X
afs-53275	145	3			PROPN
afs-53275	145	4			PROPN
afs-53275	145	5			PROPN
afs-53275	145	6	2211	2211	NUM
afs-53275	145	7	tttimtt	tttimtt	ADJ
afs-53275	145	8	vdxxx	vdxxx	PROPN
afs-53275	145	9			PROPN
afs-53275	145	10			NUM
afs-53275	145	11			X
afs-53275	145	12	1	1	NUM
afs-53275	145	13	'	'	PUNCT
afs-53275	145	14			ADJ
afs-53275	145	15	agricultural	agricultural	ADJ
afs-53275	145	16	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	145	17	food	food	NOUN
afs-53275	145	18	science	science	PROPN
afs-53275	145	19	j.	j.	PROPN
afs-53275	145	20	niemi	niemi	PROPN
afs-53275	145	21	&	&	CCONJ
afs-53275	145	22	x.	x.	PROPN
afs-53275	145	23	liu	liu	PROPN
afs-53275	145	24	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	145	25	2016	2016	NUM
afs-53275	145	26	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	145	27	25	25	NUM
afs-53275	145	28	:	:	PUNCT
afs-53275	145	29	177–186	177–186	NUM
afs-53275	145	30	182	182	NUM
afs-53275	145	31	data	datum	NOUN
afs-53275	145	32	we	we	PRON
afs-53275	145	33	apply	apply	VERB
afs-53275	145	34	the	the	DET
afs-53275	145	35	test	test	NOUN
afs-53275	145	36	method	method	NOUN
afs-53275	145	37	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	145	38	lloyd	lloyd	PROPN
afs-53275	145	39	et	et	PROPN
afs-53275	145	40	al	al	PROPN
afs-53275	145	41	.	.	PROPN
afs-53275	146	1	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	146	2	2009	2009	NUM
afs-53275	146	3	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	147	1	to	to	PART
afs-53275	147	2	assess	assess	VERB
afs-53275	147	3	whether	whether	SCONJ
afs-53275	147	4	we	we	PRON
afs-53275	147	5	can	can	AUX
afs-53275	147	6	reject	reject	VERB
afs-53275	147	7	perfect	perfect	ADJ
afs-53275	147	8	competition	competition	NOUN
afs-53275	147	9	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	147	10	finnish	finnish	ADJ
afs-53275	147	11	food	food	NOUN
afs-53275	147	12	supply	supply	NOUN
afs-53275	147	13	chain	chain	NOUN
afs-53275	147	14	using	use	VERB
afs-53275	147	15	the	the	DET
afs-53275	147	16	best	good	ADJ
afs-53275	147	17	available	available	ADJ
afs-53275	147	18	market	market	NOUN
afs-53275	147	19	-	-	PUNCT
afs-53275	147	20	level	level	NOUN
afs-53275	147	21	data	datum	NOUN
afs-53275	147	22	on	on	ADP
afs-53275	147	23	food	food	NOUN
afs-53275	147	24	price	price	NOUN
afs-53275	147	25	indices	index	NOUN
afs-53275	147	26	at	at	ADP
afs-53275	147	27	retail	retail	ADJ
afs-53275	147	28	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	147	29	r	r	NOUN
afs-53275	147	30	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	147	31	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	147	32	producer	producer	NOUN
afs-53275	147	33	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	147	34	p	p	NOUN
afs-53275	147	35	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	147	36	levels	level	NOUN
afs-53275	147	37	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	148	1	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	148	2	detail	detail	NOUN
afs-53275	148	3	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	148	4	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	148	5	p	p	X
afs-53275	148	6	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	148	7	is	be	AUX
afs-53275	148	8	the	the	DET
afs-53275	148	9	producer	producer	NOUN
afs-53275	148	10	price	price	NOUN
afs-53275	148	11	index	index	NOUN
afs-53275	148	12	for	for	ADP
afs-53275	148	13	food	food	NOUN
afs-53275	148	14	products	product	NOUN
afs-53275	148	15	exclusive	exclusive	ADJ
afs-53275	148	16	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	148	17	taxes	taxis	NOUN
afs-53275	148	18	for	for	ADP
afs-53275	148	19	the	the	DET
afs-53275	148	20	domestic	domestic	ADJ
afs-53275	148	21	market	market	NOUN
afs-53275	148	22	before	before	ADP
afs-53275	148	23	the	the	DET
afs-53275	148	24	gate	gate	NOUN
afs-53275	148	25	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	148	26	factories	factory	NOUN
afs-53275	148	27	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	149	1	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	149	2	r	r	X
afs-53275	149	3	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	149	4	is	be	AUX
afs-53275	149	5	the	the	DET
afs-53275	149	6	retailer	retailer	NOUN
afs-53275	149	7	price	price	NOUN
afs-53275	149	8	index	index	NOUN
afs-53275	149	9	for	for	ADP
afs-53275	149	10	food	food	NOUN
afs-53275	149	11	products	product	NOUN
afs-53275	149	12	exclusive	exclusive	ADJ
afs-53275	149	13	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	149	14	taxes	taxis	NOUN
afs-53275	149	15	for	for	ADP
afs-53275	149	16	the	the	DET
afs-53275	149	17	domestic	domestic	ADJ
afs-53275	149	18	market	market	NOUN
afs-53275	149	19	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	150	1	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	150	2	m	m	NOUN
afs-53275	150	3	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	150	4	measures	measure	VERB
afs-53275	150	5	marketing	marketing	NOUN
afs-53275	150	6	costs	cost	NOUN
afs-53275	150	7	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	150	8	which	which	PRON
afs-53275	150	9	are	be	AUX
afs-53275	150	10	not	not	PART
afs-53275	150	11	available	available	ADJ
afs-53275	150	12	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	151	1	thus	thus	ADV
afs-53275	151	2	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	151	3	given	give	VERB
afs-53275	151	4	the	the	DET
afs-53275	151	5	importance	importance	NOUN
afs-53275	151	6	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	151	7	labour	labour	NOUN
afs-53275	151	8	costs	cost	NOUN
afs-53275	151	9	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	151	10	food	food	NOUN
afs-53275	151	11	retailing	retailing	NOUN
afs-53275	151	12	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	151	13	especially	especially	ADV
afs-53275	151	14	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	151	15	finland	finland	PROPN
afs-53275	151	16	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	151	17	we	we	PRON
afs-53275	151	18	use	use	VERB
afs-53275	151	19	an	an	DET
afs-53275	151	20	index	index	NOUN
afs-53275	151	21	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	151	22	real	real	ADJ
afs-53275	151	23	average	average	ADJ
afs-53275	151	24	earnings	earning	NOUN
afs-53275	151	25	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	151	26	the	the	DET
afs-53275	151	27	finnish	finnish	ADJ
afs-53275	151	28	retailing	retailing	NOUN
afs-53275	151	29	sector	sector	NOUN
afs-53275	151	30	to	to	PART
afs-53275	151	31	proxy	proxy	VERB
afs-53275	151	32	for	for	ADP
afs-53275	151	33	these	these	DET
afs-53275	151	34	costs	cost	NOUN
afs-53275	151	35	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	152	1	the	the	DET
afs-53275	152	2	supply	supply	NOUN
afs-53275	152	3	shifter	shifter	NOUN
afs-53275	152	4	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	152	5	s	s	NOUN
afs-53275	152	6	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	152	7	is	be	AUX
afs-53275	152	8	the	the	DET
afs-53275	152	9	exogenous	exogenous	ADJ
afs-53275	152	10	shifter	shifter	NOUN
afs-53275	152	11	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	152	12	the	the	DET
afs-53275	152	13	behaviour	behaviour	NOUN
afs-53275	152	14	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	152	15	the	the	DET
afs-53275	152	16	farm	farm	NOUN
afs-53275	152	17	supply	supply	NOUN
afs-53275	152	18	equation	equation	NOUN
afs-53275	152	19	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	153	1	to	to	PART
afs-53275	153	2	incorporate	incorporate	VERB
afs-53275	153	3	the	the	DET
afs-53275	153	4	impact	impact	NOUN
afs-53275	153	5	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	153	6	farm	farm	NOUN
afs-53275	153	7	-	-	PUNCT
afs-53275	153	8	level	level	NOUN
afs-53275	153	9	production	production	NOUN
afs-53275	153	10	costs	cost	NOUN
afs-53275	153	11	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	153	12	we	we	PRON
afs-53275	153	13	use	use	VERB
afs-53275	153	14	a	a	DET
afs-53275	153	15	real	real	ADJ
afs-53275	153	16	price	price	NOUN
afs-53275	153	17	index	index	NOUN
afs-53275	153	18	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	153	19	all	all	DET
afs-53275	153	20	goods	good	NOUN
afs-53275	153	21	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	153	22	services	service	NOUN
afs-53275	153	23	purchased	purchase	VERB
afs-53275	153	24	on	on	ADP
afs-53275	153	25	finnish	finnish	ADJ
afs-53275	153	26	farms	farm	NOUN
afs-53275	153	27	as	as	ADP
afs-53275	153	28	representative	representative	NOUN
afs-53275	153	29	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	153	30	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	153	31	s	s	NOUN
afs-53275	153	32	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	153	33	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	154	1	d	d	X
afs-53275	154	2	is	be	AUX
afs-53275	154	3	a	a	DET
afs-53275	154	4	general	general	ADJ
afs-53275	154	5	demand	demand	NOUN
afs-53275	154	6	shifter	shifter	NOUN
afs-53275	154	7	representing	represent	VERB
afs-53275	154	8	demand	demand	NOUN
afs-53275	154	9	-	-	PUNCT
afs-53275	154	10	side	side	NOUN
afs-53275	154	11	shocks	shock	NOUN
afs-53275	154	12	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	155	1	we	we	PRON
afs-53275	155	2	use	use	VERB
afs-53275	155	3	a	a	DET
afs-53275	155	4	general	general	ADJ
afs-53275	155	5	consumer	consumer	NOUN
afs-53275	155	6	price	price	NOUN
afs-53275	155	7	index	index	NOUN
afs-53275	155	8	affecting	affect	VERB
afs-53275	155	9	the	the	DET
afs-53275	155	10	retailing	retailing	NOUN
afs-53275	155	11	sector	sector	NOUN
afs-53275	155	12	as	as	ADP
afs-53275	155	13	a	a	DET
afs-53275	155	14	whole	whole	NOUN
afs-53275	155	15	to	to	PART
afs-53275	155	16	represent	represent	VERB
afs-53275	155	17	d.	d.	PROPN
afs-53275	155	18	all	all	DET
afs-53275	155	19	the	the	DET
afs-53275	155	20	indices	index	NOUN
afs-53275	155	21	were	be	AUX
afs-53275	155	22	obtained	obtain	VERB
afs-53275	155	23	from	from	ADP
afs-53275	155	24	statistics	statistic	NOUN
afs-53275	155	25	finland	finland	PROPN
afs-53275	155	26	between	between	ADP
afs-53275	155	27	january	january	PROPN
afs-53275	155	28	1995	1995	NUM
afs-53275	155	29	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	155	30	september	september	PROPN
afs-53275	155	31	2013	2013	NUM
afs-53275	155	32	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	155	33	with	with	ADP
afs-53275	155	34	228	228	NUM
afs-53275	155	35	monthly	monthly	ADJ
afs-53275	155	36	observations	observation	NOUN
afs-53275	155	37	sampled	sample	VERB
afs-53275	155	38	altogether	altogether	ADV
afs-53275	155	39	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	156	1	the	the	DET
afs-53275	156	2	price	price	NOUN
afs-53275	156	3	indices	index	NOUN
afs-53275	156	4	are	be	AUX
afs-53275	156	5	plotted	plot	VERB
afs-53275	156	6	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	156	7	figure	figure	NOUN
afs-53275	156	8	2	2	NUM
afs-53275	156	9	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	156	10	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	156	11	the	the	DET
afs-53275	156	12	statistics	statistic	NOUN
afs-53275	156	13	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	156	14	these	these	DET
afs-53275	156	15	series	serie	NOUN
afs-53275	156	16	are	be	AUX
afs-53275	156	17	summarised	summarise	VERB
afs-53275	156	18	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	156	19	table	table	NOUN
afs-53275	156	20	1	1	NUM
afs-53275	156	21	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	156	22	seen	see	VERB
afs-53275	156	23	from	from	ADP
afs-53275	156	24	figure	figure	NOUN
afs-53275	156	25	2	2	NUM
afs-53275	156	26	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	156	27	the	the	DET
afs-53275	156	28	price	price	NOUN
afs-53275	156	29	index	index	NOUN
afs-53275	156	30	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	156	31	p	p	NOUN
afs-53275	156	32	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	156	33	representing	represent	VERB
afs-53275	156	34	the	the	DET
afs-53275	156	35	producer	producer	NOUN
afs-53275	156	36	price	price	NOUN
afs-53275	156	37	remained	remain	VERB
afs-53275	156	38	very	very	ADV
afs-53275	156	39	much	much	ADV
afs-53275	156	40	at	at	ADP
afs-53275	156	41	the	the	DET
afs-53275	156	42	same	same	ADJ
afs-53275	156	43	level	level	NOUN
afs-53275	156	44	within	within	ADP
afs-53275	156	45	the	the	DET
afs-53275	156	46	sample	sample	NOUN
afs-53275	156	47	year	year	NOUN
afs-53275	156	48	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	156	49	while	while	SCONJ
afs-53275	156	50	all	all	DET
afs-53275	156	51	other	other	ADJ
afs-53275	156	52	index	index	NOUN
afs-53275	156	53	series	series	NOUN
afs-53275	156	54	have	have	AUX
afs-53275	156	55	shown	show	VERB
afs-53275	156	56	a	a	DET
afs-53275	156	57	clearly	clearly	ADV
afs-53275	156	58	increasing	increase	VERB
afs-53275	156	59	trend	trend	NOUN
afs-53275	156	60	over	over	ADP
afs-53275	156	61	the	the	DET
afs-53275	156	62	years	year	NOUN
afs-53275	156	63	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	157	1	the	the	DET
afs-53275	157	2	marketing	marketing	NOUN
afs-53275	157	3	cost	cost	NOUN
afs-53275	157	4	labelled	label	VERB
afs-53275	157	5	by	by	ADP
afs-53275	157	6	m	m	PRON
afs-53275	157	7	especially	especially	ADV
afs-53275	157	8	shows	show	VERB
afs-53275	157	9	a	a	DET
afs-53275	157	10	strong	strong	ADJ
afs-53275	157	11	seasonal	seasonal	ADJ
afs-53275	157	12	effect	effect	NOUN
afs-53275	157	13	due	due	ADP
afs-53275	157	14	to	to	ADP
afs-53275	157	15	the	the	DET
afs-53275	157	16	allowance	allowance	NOUN
afs-53275	157	17	paid	pay	VERB
afs-53275	157	18	for	for	ADP
afs-53275	157	19	the	the	DET
afs-53275	157	20	summer	summer	NOUN
afs-53275	157	21	holiday	holiday	NOUN
afs-53275	157	22	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	158	1	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	158	2	order	order	NOUN
afs-53275	158	3	to	to	PART
afs-53275	158	4	demolish	demolish	VERB
afs-53275	158	5	the	the	DET
afs-53275	158	6	seasonal	seasonal	ADJ
afs-53275	158	7	effect	effect	NOUN
afs-53275	158	8	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	158	9	we	we	PRON
afs-53275	158	10	use	use	VERB
afs-53275	158	11	the	the	DET
afs-53275	158	12	census	census	NOUN
afs-53275	158	13	x11	x11	NOUN
afs-53275	158	14	methods	method	NOUN
afs-53275	158	15	to	to	PART
afs-53275	158	16	adjust	adjust	VERB
afs-53275	158	17	the	the	DET
afs-53275	158	18	original	original	ADJ
afs-53275	158	19	data	datum	NOUN
afs-53275	158	20	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	158	21	reproduce	reproduce	VERB
afs-53275	158	22	data	datum	NOUN
afs-53275	158	23	labelled	label	VERB
afs-53275	158	24	as	as	ADP
afs-53275	158	25	m_sa	m_sa	PROPN
afs-53275	158	26	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	159	1	the	the	DET
afs-53275	159	2	census	census	NOUN
afs-53275	159	3	x11	x11	NOUN
afs-53275	159	4	methods	method	NOUN
afs-53275	159	5	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	159	6	multiplicative	multiplicative	ADJ
afs-53275	159	7	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	159	8	additive	additive	NOUN
afs-53275	159	9	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	159	10	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	159	11	provided	provide	VERB
afs-53275	159	12	by	by	ADP
afs-53275	159	13	eviews	eviews	PROPN
afs-53275	159	14	7.1	7.1	NUM
afs-53275	159	15	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	159	16	are	be	AUX
afs-53275	159	17	the	the	DET
afs-53275	159	18	standard	standard	ADJ
afs-53275	159	19	methods	method	NOUN
afs-53275	159	20	used	use	VERB
afs-53275	159	21	by	by	ADP
afs-53275	159	22	the	the	DET
afs-53275	159	23	u.s	u.s	PROPN
afs-53275	159	24	.	.	PROPN
afs-53275	159	25	bureau	bureau	PROPN
afs-53275	159	26	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	159	27	census	census	NOUN
afs-53275	159	28	to	to	PART
afs-53275	159	29	seasonally	seasonally	ADV
afs-53275	159	30	adjust	adjust	VERB
afs-53275	159	31	publicly	publicly	ADV
afs-53275	159	32	released	release	VERB
afs-53275	159	33	data	datum	NOUN
afs-53275	159	34	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	160	1	the	the	DET
afs-53275	160	2	spread	spread	NOUN
afs-53275	160	3	between	between	ADP
afs-53275	160	4	the	the	DET
afs-53275	160	5	retail	retail	ADJ
afs-53275	160	6	price	price	NOUN
afs-53275	160	7	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	160	8	producer	producer	NOUN
afs-53275	160	9	indices	index	NOUN
afs-53275	160	10	is	be	AUX
afs-53275	160	11	presented	present	VERB
afs-53275	160	12	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	160	13	figure	figure	NOUN
afs-53275	160	14	3	3	NUM
afs-53275	160	15	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	161	1	clearly	clearly	ADV
afs-53275	161	2	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	161	3	this	this	PRON
afs-53275	161	4	gradually	gradually	ADV
afs-53275	161	5	widening	widen	VERB
afs-53275	161	6	spread	spread	NOUN
afs-53275	161	7	between	between	ADP
afs-53275	161	8	retail	retail	ADJ
afs-53275	161	9	price	price	NOUN
afs-53275	161	10	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	161	11	producer	producer	NOUN
afs-53275	161	12	price	price	NOUN
afs-53275	161	13	indices	index	NOUN
afs-53275	161	14	over	over	ADP
afs-53275	161	15	time	time	NOUN
afs-53275	161	16	became	become	VERB
afs-53275	161	17	more	more	ADV
afs-53275	161	18	frequent	frequent	ADJ
afs-53275	161	19	after	after	ADP
afs-53275	161	20	2008	2008	NUM
afs-53275	161	21	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	162	1	growth	growth	NOUN
afs-53275	162	2	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	162	3	the	the	DET
afs-53275	162	4	price	price	NOUN
afs-53275	162	5	spread	spread	NOUN
afs-53275	162	6	is	be	AUX
afs-53275	162	7	not	not	PART
afs-53275	162	8	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	162	9	itself	itself	PRON
afs-53275	162	10	indicative	indicative	ADJ
afs-53275	162	11	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	162	12	buyer	buyer	NOUN
afs-53275	162	13	power	power	NOUN
afs-53275	162	14	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	162	15	retailing	retailing	NOUN
afs-53275	162	16	sector	sector	NOUN
afs-53275	162	17	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	162	18	as	as	SCONJ
afs-53275	162	19	marketing	marketing	NOUN
afs-53275	162	20	costs	cost	NOUN
afs-53275	162	21	such	such	ADJ
afs-53275	162	22	as	as	ADP
afs-53275	162	23	labour	labour	ADJ
afs-53275	162	24	costs	cost	NOUN
afs-53275	162	25	may	may	AUX
afs-53275	162	26	be	be	AUX
afs-53275	162	27	the	the	DET
afs-53275	162	28	cause	cause	NOUN
afs-53275	162	29	for	for	ADP
afs-53275	162	30	this	this	DET
afs-53275	162	31	phenomenon	phenomenon	NOUN
afs-53275	162	32	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	162	33	lloyd	lloyd	PROPN
afs-53275	162	34	et	et	PROPN
afs-53275	162	35	al	al	PROPN
afs-53275	162	36	.	.	PROPN
afs-53275	162	37	2009	2009	NUM
afs-53275	162	38	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	162	39	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	163	1	nevertheless	nevertheless	ADV
afs-53275	163	2	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	163	3	it	it	PRON
afs-53275	163	4	is	be	AUX
afs-53275	163	5	a	a	DET
afs-53275	163	6	complementary	complementary	ADJ
afs-53275	163	7	indicator	indicator	NOUN
afs-53275	163	8	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	163	9	the	the	DET
afs-53275	163	10	existence	existence	NOUN
afs-53275	163	11	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	163	12	buyer	buyer	NOUN
afs-53275	163	13	power	power	NOUN
afs-53275	163	14	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	164	1	thus	thus	ADV
afs-53275	164	2	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	164	3	further	further	ADJ
afs-53275	164	4	investigation	investigation	NOUN
afs-53275	164	5	into	into	ADP
afs-53275	164	6	the	the	DET
afs-53275	164	7	existence	existence	NOUN
afs-53275	164	8	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	164	9	buyer	buyer	NOUN
afs-53275	164	10	power	power	NOUN
afs-53275	164	11	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	164	12	including	include	VERB
afs-53275	164	13	related	related	ADJ
afs-53275	164	14	factors	factor	NOUN
afs-53275	164	15	such	such	ADJ
afs-53275	164	16	as	as	ADP
afs-53275	164	17	marketing	marketing	NOUN
afs-53275	164	18	costs	cost	NOUN
afs-53275	164	19	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	164	20	should	should	AUX
afs-53275	164	21	be	be	AUX
afs-53275	164	22	carefully	carefully	ADV
afs-53275	164	23	carried	carry	VERB
afs-53275	164	24	out	out	ADP
afs-53275	164	25	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	165	1	table	table	NOUN
afs-53275	165	2	1	1	NUM
afs-53275	165	3	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	165	4	descriptive	descriptive	ADJ
afs-53275	165	5	statistics	statistic	NOUN
afs-53275	165	6	for	for	ADP
afs-53275	165	7	the	the	DET
afs-53275	165	8	index	index	NOUN
afs-53275	165	9	series	series	NOUN
afs-53275	165	10	description	description	NOUN
afs-53275	165	11	r	r	NOUN
afs-53275	165	12	p	p	X
afs-53275	165	13	ds	ds	NOUN
afs-53275	165	14	ss	ss	NOUN
afs-53275	165	15	m_sa	m_sa	PROPN
afs-53275	165	16	mean	mean	VERB
afs-53275	165	17	112.1	112.1	NUM
afs-53275	165	18	94.5	94.5	NUM
afs-53275	165	19	115.9	115.9	NUM
afs-53275	165	20	121.2	121.2	NUM
afs-53275	165	21	187.2	187.2	NUM
afs-53275	165	22	median	median	NOUN
afs-53275	165	23	109.0	109.0	NUM
afs-53275	165	24	91.1	91.1	NUM
afs-53275	165	25	114.1	114.1	NUM
afs-53275	165	26	113.3	113.3	NUM
afs-53275	165	27	183.4	183.4	NUM
afs-53275	165	28	standard	standard	ADJ
afs-53275	165	29	deviation	deviation	NOUN
afs-53275	165	30	13.2	13.2	NUM
afs-53275	165	31	8.9	8.9	NUM
afs-53275	165	32	11.1	11.1	NUM
afs-53275	165	33	21.0	21.0	NUM
afs-53275	165	34	51.9	51.9	NUM
afs-53275	165	35	skewness	skewness	NOUN
afs-53275	165	36	0.7	0.7	NUM
afs-53275	165	37	1.1	1.1	NUM
afs-53275	165	38	0.3	0.3	NUM
afs-53275	165	39	0.8	0.8	NUM
afs-53275	165	40	0.1	0.1	NUM
afs-53275	165	41	kurtosis	kurtosis	VERB
afs-53275	165	42	2.5	2.5	NUM
afs-53275	165	43	3.2	3.2	NUM
afs-53275	165	44	2.0	2.0	NUM
afs-53275	165	45	2.2	2.2	NUM
afs-53275	165	46	1.7	1.7	NUM
afs-53275	165	47	observation	observation	NOUN
afs-53275	165	48	228	228	NUM
afs-53275	165	49	228	228	NUM
afs-53275	165	50	228	228	NUM
afs-53275	165	51	228	228	NUM
afs-53275	165	52	228	228	NUM
afs-53275	165	53	all	all	DET
afs-53275	165	54	the	the	DET
afs-53275	165	55	indices	index	NOUN
afs-53275	165	56	are	be	AUX
afs-53275	165	57	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	165	58	nominal	nominal	ADJ
afs-53275	165	59	terms	term	NOUN
afs-53275	165	60	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	166	1	0	0	NUM
afs-53275	166	2	50	50	NUM
afs-53275	166	3	100	100	NUM
afs-53275	166	4	150	150	NUM
afs-53275	166	5	200	200	NUM
afs-53275	166	6	250	250	NUM
afs-53275	166	7	300	300	NUM
afs-53275	166	8	350	350	NUM
afs-53275	166	9	1995	1995	NUM
afs-53275	166	10	1996	1996	NUM
afs-53275	166	11	1997	1997	NUM
afs-53275	166	12	1998	1998	NUM
afs-53275	166	13	1999	1999	NUM
afs-53275	166	14	2000	2000	NUM
afs-53275	166	15	2001	2001	NUM
afs-53275	166	16	2002	2002	NUM
afs-53275	166	17	2003	2003	NUM
afs-53275	166	18	2004	2004	NUM
afs-53275	166	19	2005	2005	NUM
afs-53275	166	20	2006	2006	NUM
afs-53275	166	21	2007	2007	NUM
afs-53275	166	22	2008	2008	NUM
afs-53275	166	23	2009	2009	NUM
afs-53275	166	24	2010	2010	NUM
afs-53275	166	25	2011	2011	NUM
afs-53275	166	26	2012	2012	NUM
afs-53275	166	27	2013	2013	NUM
afs-53275	166	28	r	r	NOUN
afs-53275	166	29	ss	ss	NOUN
afs-53275	166	30	p	p	NOUN
afs-53275	166	31	ds	ds	PROPN
afs-53275	166	32	m	m	NOUN
afs-53275	166	33	m_sa	m_sa	PROPN
afs-53275	166	34	fig	fig	NOUN
afs-53275	166	35	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	167	1	2	2	X
afs-53275	167	2	.	.	X
afs-53275	167	3	food	food	NOUN
afs-53275	167	4	price	price	NOUN
afs-53275	167	5	indices	index	NOUN
afs-53275	167	6	at	at	ADP
afs-53275	167	7	retail	retail	ADJ
afs-53275	167	8	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	167	9	r	r	NOUN
afs-53275	167	10	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	167	11	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	167	12	producer	producer	NOUN
afs-53275	167	13	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	167	14	p	p	NOUN
afs-53275	167	15	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	167	16	levels	level	NOUN
afs-53275	167	17	between	between	ADP
afs-53275	167	18	1995	1995	NUM
afs-53275	167	19	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	167	20	2013	2013	NUM
afs-53275	167	21	agricultural	agricultural	ADJ
afs-53275	167	22	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	167	23	food	food	NOUN
afs-53275	167	24	science	science	PROPN
afs-53275	167	25	j.	j.	PROPN
afs-53275	167	26	niemi	niemi	PROPN
afs-53275	167	27	&	&	CCONJ
afs-53275	167	28	x.	x.	PROPN
afs-53275	167	29	liu	liu	PROPN
afs-53275	167	30	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	167	31	2016	2016	NUM
afs-53275	167	32	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	167	33	25	25	NUM
afs-53275	167	34	:	:	PUNCT
afs-53275	167	35	177–186	177–186	NUM
afs-53275	167	36	183	183	NUM
afs-53275	167	37	results	result	NOUN
afs-53275	167	38	to	to	PART
afs-53275	167	39	decide	decide	VERB
afs-53275	167	40	whether	whether	SCONJ
afs-53275	167	41	var(p	var(p	PROPN
afs-53275	167	42	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	167	43	or	or	CCONJ
afs-53275	167	44	vecm	vecm	NOUN
afs-53275	167	45	was	be	AUX
afs-53275	167	46	an	an	DET
afs-53275	167	47	appropriate	appropriate	ADJ
afs-53275	167	48	model	model	NOUN
afs-53275	167	49	for	for	ADP
afs-53275	167	50	our	our	PRON
afs-53275	167	51	analysis	analysis	NOUN
afs-53275	167	52	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	167	53	we	we	PRON
afs-53275	167	54	utilized	utilize	VERB
afs-53275	167	55	the	the	DET
afs-53275	167	56	logarithmic	logarithmic	ADJ
afs-53275	167	57	form	form	NOUN
afs-53275	167	58	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	167	59	the	the	DET
afs-53275	167	60	price	price	NOUN
afs-53275	167	61	series	series	NOUN
afs-53275	167	62	drafted	draft	VERB
afs-53275	167	63	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	167	64	figure	figure	NOUN
afs-53275	167	65	1	1	NUM
afs-53275	167	66	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	167	67	labelled	label	VERB
afs-53275	167	68	as	as	ADP
afs-53275	167	69	logr	logr	NOUN
afs-53275	167	70	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	167	71	logp	logp	NOUN
afs-53275	167	72	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	167	73	logds	logds	NOUN
afs-53275	167	74	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	167	75	logss	logss	NOUN
afs-53275	167	76	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	167	77	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	167	78	logm	logm	PROPN
afs-53275	167	79	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	167	80	respectively	respectively	ADV
afs-53275	167	81	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	167	82	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	167	83	table	table	NOUN
afs-53275	167	84	2	2	NUM
afs-53275	167	85	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	168	1	we	we	PRON
afs-53275	168	2	first	first	ADV
afs-53275	168	3	examined	examine	VERB
afs-53275	168	4	the	the	DET
afs-53275	168	5	stationarity	stationarity	NOUN
afs-53275	168	6	properties	property	NOUN
afs-53275	168	7	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	168	8	the	the	DET
afs-53275	168	9	univariate	univariate	ADJ
afs-53275	168	10	time	time	NOUN
afs-53275	168	11	series	series	NOUN
afs-53275	168	12	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	168	13	individual	individual	ADJ
afs-53275	168	14	price	price	NOUN
afs-53275	168	15	series	series	NOUN
afs-53275	168	16	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	169	1	the	the	DET
afs-53275	169	2	series	series	NOUN
afs-53275	169	3	is	be	AUX
afs-53275	169	4	integrated	integrate	VERB
afs-53275	169	5	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	169	6	order	order	NOUN
afs-53275	169	7	d	d	PROPN
afs-53275	169	8	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	169	9	denoted	denote	VERB
afs-53275	169	10	i(d	i(d	NOUN
afs-53275	169	11	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	169	12	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	169	13	if	if	SCONJ
afs-53275	169	14	it	it	PRON
afs-53275	169	15	attains	attain	VERB
afs-53275	169	16	stationarity	stationarity	NOUN
afs-53275	169	17	after	after	ADP
afs-53275	169	18	differencing	difference	VERB
afs-53275	169	19	d	d	PROPN
afs-53275	169	20	times	time	NOUN
afs-53275	169	21	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	170	1	if	if	SCONJ
afs-53275	170	2	the	the	DET
afs-53275	170	3	series	series	NOUN
afs-53275	170	4	is	be	AUX
afs-53275	170	5	i(1	i(1	NOUN
afs-53275	170	6	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	170	7	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	170	8	it	it	PRON
afs-53275	170	9	is	be	AUX
afs-53275	170	10	deemed	deem	VERB
afs-53275	170	11	to	to	PART
afs-53275	170	12	have	have	VERB
afs-53275	170	13	a	a	DET
afs-53275	170	14	unit	unit	NOUN
afs-53275	170	15	root	root	NOUN
afs-53275	170	16	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	171	1	stationarity	stationarity	NOUN
afs-53275	171	2	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	171	3	the	the	DET
afs-53275	171	4	price	price	NOUN
afs-53275	171	5	processes	process	NOUN
afs-53275	171	6	was	be	AUX
afs-53275	171	7	tested	test	VERB
afs-53275	171	8	using	use	VERB
afs-53275	171	9	the	the	DET
afs-53275	171	10	augmented	augment	VERB
afs-53275	171	11	dickey	dickey	NOUN
afs-53275	171	12	-	-	PUNCT
afs-53275	171	13	fuller	full	ADJ
afs-53275	171	14	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	171	15	adf	adf	NOUN
afs-53275	171	16	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	171	17	test	test	NOUN
afs-53275	171	18	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	171	19	1976	1976	NUM
afs-53275	171	20	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	171	21	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	171	22	complementary	complementary	ADJ
afs-53275	171	23	kwiatkowski	kwiatkowski	PROPN
afs-53275	171	24	-	-	PUNCT
afs-53275	171	25	phillips	phillip	NOUN
afs-53275	171	26	-	-	PUNCT
afs-53275	171	27	schmidt	schmidt	ADJ
afs-53275	171	28	-	-	PUNCT
afs-53275	171	29	shin	shin	NOUN
afs-53275	171	30	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	171	31	kpss	kpss	PROPN
afs-53275	171	32	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	171	33	test	test	NOUN
afs-53275	171	34	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	171	35	kwiatkowski	kwiatkowski	VERB
afs-53275	171	36	et	et	PROPN
afs-53275	171	37	al	al	PROPN
afs-53275	171	38	.	.	PROPN
afs-53275	171	39	1992	1992	NUM
afs-53275	171	40	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	171	41	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	172	1	inspection	inspection	NOUN
afs-53275	172	2	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	172	3	figure	figure	NOUN
afs-53275	172	4	1	1	NUM
afs-53275	172	5	suggests	suggest	VERB
afs-53275	172	6	that	that	SCONJ
afs-53275	172	7	the	the	DET
afs-53275	172	8	series	series	NOUN
afs-53275	172	9	follows	follow	VERB
afs-53275	172	10	an	an	DET
afs-53275	172	11	increasing	increase	VERB
afs-53275	172	12	trend	trend	NOUN
afs-53275	172	13	that	that	PRON
afs-53275	172	14	characterizes	characterize	VERB
afs-53275	172	15	the	the	DET
afs-53275	172	16	random	random	ADJ
afs-53275	172	17	walk	walk	NOUN
afs-53275	172	18	i(1	i(1	PROPN
afs-53275	172	19	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	172	20	model	model	NOUN
afs-53275	172	21	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	173	1	thus	thus	ADV
afs-53275	173	2	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	173	3	we	we	PRON
afs-53275	173	4	considered	consider	VERB
afs-53275	173	5	performing	perform	VERB
afs-53275	173	6	the	the	DET
afs-53275	173	7	unit	unit	NOUN
afs-53275	173	8	root	root	NOUN
afs-53275	173	9	tests	test	NOUN
afs-53275	173	10	with	with	ADP
afs-53275	173	11	two	two	NUM
afs-53275	173	12	different	different	ADJ
afs-53275	173	13	restricted	restricted	ADJ
afs-53275	173	14	structures	structure	NOUN
afs-53275	173	15	:	:	PUNCT
afs-53275	173	16	with	with	ADP
afs-53275	173	17	an	an	DET
afs-53275	173	18	intercept	intercept	NOUN
afs-53275	173	19	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	173	20	with	with	ADP
afs-53275	173	21	an	an	DET
afs-53275	173	22	intercept	intercept	NOUN
afs-53275	173	23	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	173	24	a	a	DET
afs-53275	173	25	trend	trend	NOUN
afs-53275	173	26	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	174	1	the	the	DET
afs-53275	174	2	results	result	NOUN
afs-53275	174	3	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	174	4	the	the	DET
afs-53275	174	5	unit	unit	NOUN
afs-53275	174	6	root	root	NOUN
afs-53275	174	7	tests	test	NOUN
afs-53275	174	8	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	174	9	level	level	NOUN
afs-53275	174	10	form	form	NOUN
afs-53275	174	11	are	be	AUX
afs-53275	174	12	reported	report	VERB
afs-53275	174	13	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	174	14	table	table	NOUN
afs-53275	174	15	2	2	NUM
afs-53275	174	16	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	175	1	all	all	DET
afs-53275	175	2	the	the	DET
afs-53275	175	3	tests	test	NOUN
afs-53275	175	4	indicate	indicate	VERB
afs-53275	175	5	that	that	SCONJ
afs-53275	175	6	all	all	PRON
afs-53275	175	7	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	175	8	the	the	DET
afs-53275	175	9	index	index	NOUN
afs-53275	175	10	series	series	NOUN
afs-53275	175	11	restricted	restrict	VERB
afs-53275	175	12	on	on	ADP
afs-53275	175	13	the	the	DET
afs-53275	175	14	intercept	intercept	NOUN
afs-53275	175	15	were	be	AUX
afs-53275	175	16	non	non	ADJ
afs-53275	175	17	-	-	ADJ
afs-53275	175	18	stationary	stationary	ADJ
afs-53275	175	19	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	175	20	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	175	21	further	further	ADJ
afs-53275	175	22	tests	test	NOUN
afs-53275	175	23	on	on	ADP
afs-53275	175	24	the	the	DET
afs-53275	175	25	first	first	ADJ
afs-53275	175	26	difference	difference	NOUN
afs-53275	175	27	show	show	NOUN
afs-53275	175	28	stationarity	stationarity	NOUN
afs-53275	175	29	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	175	30	which	which	PRON
afs-53275	175	31	suggests	suggest	VERB
afs-53275	175	32	that	that	SCONJ
afs-53275	175	33	the	the	DET
afs-53275	175	34	index	index	NOUN
afs-53275	175	35	series	series	NOUN
afs-53275	175	36	were	be	AUX
afs-53275	175	37	i(1	i(1	NOUN
afs-53275	175	38	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	175	39	with	with	ADP
afs-53275	175	40	either	either	CCONJ
afs-53275	175	41	an	an	DET
afs-53275	175	42	intercept	intercept	NOUN
afs-53275	175	43	or	or	CCONJ
afs-53275	175	44	with	with	ADP
afs-53275	175	45	an	an	DET
afs-53275	175	46	intercept	intercept	NOUN
afs-53275	175	47	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	175	48	a	a	DET
afs-53275	175	49	trend	trend	NOUN
afs-53275	175	50	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	176	1	given	give	VERB
afs-53275	176	2	that	that	SCONJ
afs-53275	176	3	the	the	DET
afs-53275	176	4	data	datum	NOUN
afs-53275	176	5	were	be	AUX
afs-53275	176	6	all	all	ADV
afs-53275	176	7	integrated	integrate	VERB
afs-53275	176	8	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	176	9	the	the	DET
afs-53275	176	10	first	first	ADJ
afs-53275	176	11	order	order	NOUN
afs-53275	176	12	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	176	13	we	we	PRON
afs-53275	176	14	next	next	ADV
afs-53275	176	15	analysed	analyse	VERB
afs-53275	176	16	the	the	DET
afs-53275	176	17	price	price	NOUN
afs-53275	176	18	transmission	transmission	NOUN
afs-53275	176	19	between	between	ADP
afs-53275	176	20	the	the	DET
afs-53275	176	21	retail	retail	ADJ
afs-53275	176	22	price	price	NOUN
afs-53275	176	23	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	176	24	producer	producer	NOUN
afs-53275	176	25	supply	supply	NOUN
afs-53275	176	26	price	price	NOUN
afs-53275	176	27	using	use	VERB
afs-53275	176	28	the	the	DET
afs-53275	176	29	vecm	vecm	NOUN
afs-53275	176	30	model	model	NOUN
afs-53275	176	31	defined	define	VERB
afs-53275	176	32	by	by	ADP
afs-53275	176	33	equation	equation	NOUN
afs-53275	176	34	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	176	35	12	12	NUM
afs-53275	176	36	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	176	37	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	177	1	thus	thus	ADV
afs-53275	177	2	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	177	3	the	the	DET
afs-53275	177	4	second	second	ADJ
afs-53275	177	5	step	step	NOUN
afs-53275	177	6	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	177	7	our	our	PRON
afs-53275	177	8	analysis	analysis	NOUN
afs-53275	177	9	was	be	AUX
afs-53275	177	10	to	to	PART
afs-53275	177	11	test	test	VERB
afs-53275	177	12	the	the	DET
afs-53275	177	13	cointegration	cointegration	NOUN
afs-53275	177	14	relationship	relationship	NOUN
afs-53275	177	15	among	among	ADP
afs-53275	177	16	the	the	DET
afs-53275	177	17	index	index	NOUN
afs-53275	177	18	series	series	NOUN
afs-53275	177	19	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	178	1	the	the	DET
afs-53275	178	2	result	result	NOUN
afs-53275	178	3	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	178	4	the	the	DET
afs-53275	178	5	johansen	johansen	PROPN
afs-53275	178	6	cointegration	cointegration	PROPN
afs-53275	178	7	test	test	NOUN
afs-53275	178	8	is	be	AUX
afs-53275	178	9	presented	present	VERB
afs-53275	178	10	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	178	11	table	table	NOUN
afs-53275	178	12	3	3	NUM
afs-53275	178	13	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	179	1	the	the	DET
afs-53275	179	2	akaike	akaike	ADJ
afs-53275	179	3	information	information	NOUN
afs-53275	179	4	criterion	criterion	NOUN
afs-53275	179	5	was	be	AUX
afs-53275	179	6	used	use	VERB
afs-53275	179	7	to	to	PART
afs-53275	179	8	determine	determine	VERB
afs-53275	179	9	the	the	DET
afs-53275	179	10	optimal	optimal	ADJ
afs-53275	179	11	order	order	NOUN
afs-53275	179	12	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	179	13	lags	lag	NOUN
afs-53275	179	14	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	179	15	3	3	NUM
afs-53275	179	16	lags	lag	NOUN
afs-53275	179	17	for	for	ADP
afs-53275	179	18	each	each	DET
afs-53275	179	19	series	series	NOUN
afs-53275	179	20	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	179	21	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	180	1	both	both	CCONJ
afs-53275	180	2	the	the	DET
afs-53275	180	3	trace	trace	NOUN
afs-53275	180	4	statistics	statistic	NOUN
afs-53275	180	5	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	180	6	the	the	DET
afs-53275	180	7	maximum	maximum	PROPN
afs-53275	180	8	eigenvalue	eigenvalue	NOUN
afs-53275	180	9	indicate	indicate	VERB
afs-53275	180	10	that	that	SCONJ
afs-53275	180	11	a	a	DET
afs-53275	180	12	single	single	ADJ
afs-53275	180	13	cointegrating	cointegrate	VERB
afs-53275	180	14	vector	vector	NOUN
afs-53275	180	15	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	180	16	r	r	NOUN
afs-53275	180	17	=	=	SYM
afs-53275	180	18	1	1	NUM
afs-53275	180	19	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	180	20	is	be	AUX
afs-53275	180	21	found	find	VERB
afs-53275	180	22	significant	significant	ADJ
afs-53275	180	23	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	180	24	whether	whether	SCONJ
afs-53275	180	25	or	or	CCONJ
afs-53275	180	26	not	not	PART
afs-53275	180	27	the	the	DET
afs-53275	180	28	linear	linear	ADJ
afs-53275	180	29	trend	trend	NOUN
afs-53275	180	30	restriction	restriction	NOUN
afs-53275	180	31	is	be	AUX
afs-53275	180	32	included	include	VERB
afs-53275	180	33	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	181	1	furthermore	furthermore	ADV
afs-53275	181	2	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	181	3	under	under	ADP
afs-53275	181	4	sequential	sequential	ADJ
afs-53275	181	5	testing	testing	NOUN
afs-53275	181	6	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	181	7	the	the	DET
afs-53275	181	8	first	first	ADJ
afs-53275	181	9	rejection	rejection	NOUN
afs-53275	181	10	failure	failure	NOUN
afs-53275	181	11	occurs	occur	VERB
afs-53275	181	12	while	while	SCONJ
afs-53275	181	13	using	use	VERB
afs-53275	181	14	the	the	DET
afs-53275	181	15	model	model	NOUN
afs-53275	181	16	with	with	ADP
afs-53275	181	17	a	a	DET
afs-53275	181	18	trend	trend	NOUN
afs-53275	181	19	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	181	20	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	181	21	we	we	PRON
afs-53275	181	22	thus	thus	ADV
afs-53275	181	23	accept	accept	VERB
afs-53275	181	24	the	the	DET
afs-53275	181	25	model	model	NOUN
afs-53275	181	26	with	with	ADP
afs-53275	181	27	a	a	DET
afs-53275	181	28	trend	trend	NOUN
afs-53275	181	29	as	as	ADP
afs-53275	181	30	appropriate	appropriate	ADJ
afs-53275	181	31	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	182	1	we	we	PRON
afs-53275	182	2	further	far	ADV
afs-53275	182	3	checked	check	VERB
afs-53275	182	4	the	the	DET
afs-53275	182	5	cointegrating	cointegrate	VERB
afs-53275	182	6	residuals	residual	NOUN
afs-53275	182	7	for	for	ADP
afs-53275	182	8	autocorrelation	autocorrelation	NOUN
afs-53275	182	9	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	182	10	the	the	DET
afs-53275	182	11	trending	trend	VERB
afs-53275	182	12	test	test	NOUN
afs-53275	182	13	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	182	14	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	182	15	the	the	DET
afs-53275	182	16	results	result	NOUN
afs-53275	182	17	appear	appear	VERB
afs-53275	182	18	to	to	PART
afs-53275	182	19	be	be	AUX
afs-53275	182	20	satisfactory	satisfactory	ADJ
afs-53275	182	21	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	183	1	-5	-5	PUNCT
afs-53275	183	2	0	0	NUM
afs-53275	184	1	5	5	NUM
afs-53275	184	2	10	10	NUM
afs-53275	184	3	15	15	NUM
afs-53275	184	4	20	20	NUM
afs-53275	184	5	25	25	NUM
afs-53275	184	6	30	30	NUM
afs-53275	184	7	35	35	NUM
afs-53275	184	8	40	40	NUM
afs-53275	184	9	1995	1995	NUM
afs-53275	184	10	1996	1996	NUM
afs-53275	184	11	1997	1997	NUM
afs-53275	184	12	1998	1998	NUM
afs-53275	184	13	1999	1999	NUM
afs-53275	184	14	2000	2000	NUM
afs-53275	184	15	2001	2001	NUM
afs-53275	184	16	2002	2002	NUM
afs-53275	184	17	2003	2003	NUM
afs-53275	184	18	2004	2004	NUM
afs-53275	184	19	2005	2005	NUM
afs-53275	184	20	2006	2006	NUM
afs-53275	184	21	2007	2007	NUM
afs-53275	184	22	2008	2008	NUM
afs-53275	184	23	2009	2009	NUM
afs-53275	184	24	2010	2010	NUM
afs-53275	184	25	2011	2011	NUM
afs-53275	184	26	2012	2012	NUM
afs-53275	184	27	2013	2013	NUM
afs-53275	184	28	p	p	ADJ
afs-53275	184	29	-	-	PUNCT
afs-53275	184	30	r	r	NOUN
afs-53275	184	31	fig	fig	NOUN
afs-53275	184	32	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	185	1	3	3	X
afs-53275	185	2	.	.	X
afs-53275	185	3	spread	spread	VERB
afs-53275	185	4	between	between	ADP
afs-53275	185	5	the	the	DET
afs-53275	185	6	retail	retail	ADJ
afs-53275	185	7	price	price	NOUN
afs-53275	185	8	index	index	NOUN
afs-53275	185	9	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	185	10	producer	producer	NOUN
afs-53275	185	11	price	price	NOUN
afs-53275	185	12	index	index	NOUN
afs-53275	185	13	between	between	ADP
afs-53275	185	14	1995–2013	1995–2013	NUM
afs-53275	185	15	table	table	NOUN
afs-53275	185	16	2	2	NUM
afs-53275	185	17	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	185	18	unit	unit	NOUN
afs-53275	185	19	root	root	PROPN
afs-53275	185	20	test	test	NOUN
afs-53275	185	21	result	result	NOUN
afs-53275	185	22	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	185	23	individual	individual	ADJ
afs-53275	185	24	price	price	NOUN
afs-53275	185	25	indices	index	NOUN
afs-53275	185	26	test	test	NOUN
afs-53275	185	27	logr	logr	NOUN
afs-53275	185	28	logp	logp	PROPN
afs-53275	185	29	logds	logds	PROPN
afs-53275	185	30	logss	logss	PROPN
afs-53275	185	31	logm	logm	PROPN
afs-53275	185	32	critical	critical	ADJ
afs-53275	185	33	values	value	NOUN
afs-53275	185	34	adf	adf	PROPN
afs-53275	185	35	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	185	36	intercept	intercept	NOUN
afs-53275	185	37	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	185	38	trend	trend	NOUN
afs-53275	185	39	included	include	VERB
afs-53275	185	40	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	185	41	–	–	PUNCT
afs-53275	185	42	2.85	2.85	NUM
afs-53275	185	43	–	–	PUNCT
afs-53275	185	44	1.55	1.55	NUM
afs-53275	185	45	–	–	PUNCT
afs-53275	185	46	2.11	2.11	NUM
afs-53275	185	47	–	–	PUNCT
afs-53275	185	48	2.70	2.70	NUM
afs-53275	185	49	–	–	PUNCT
afs-53275	185	50	2.58	2.58	NUM
afs-53275	185	51	–	–	PUNCT
afs-53275	185	52	3.44	3.44	NUM
afs-53275	185	53	*	*	PUNCT
afs-53275	185	54	*	*	PUNCT
afs-53275	185	55	–	–	PUNCT
afs-53275	185	56	4.01	4.01	NUM
afs-53275	185	57	*	*	PUNCT
afs-53275	185	58	*	*	PUNCT
afs-53275	185	59	*	*	PUNCT
afs-53275	185	60	adf	adf	NOUN
afs-53275	185	61	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	185	62	intercept	intercept	NOUN
afs-53275	185	63	included	include	VERB
afs-53275	185	64	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	185	65	1.04	1.04	NUM
afs-53275	185	66	–	–	PUNCT
afs-53275	185	67	2.66	2.66	NUM
afs-53275	185	68	0.30	0.30	NUM
afs-53275	185	69	–	–	PUNCT
afs-53275	185	70	0.18	0.18	NUM
afs-53275	185	71	–	–	PUNCT
afs-53275	185	72	0.21	0.21	NUM
afs-53275	185	73	–	–	PUNCT
afs-53275	185	74	2.88	2.88	NUM
afs-53275	185	75	*	*	PUNCT
afs-53275	185	76	*	*	PUNCT
afs-53275	185	77	–	–	PUNCT
afs-53275	185	78	3.47	3.47	NUM
afs-53275	185	79	*	*	PUNCT
afs-53275	185	80	*	*	PUNCT
afs-53275	185	81	*	*	PUNCT
afs-53275	185	82	kpss	kpss	PROPN
afs-53275	185	83	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	185	84	intercept	intercept	NOUN
afs-53275	185	85	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	185	86	trend	trend	NOUN
afs-53275	185	87	included	include	VERB
afs-53275	185	88	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	185	89	0.27	0.27	NUM
afs-53275	185	90	*	*	PUNCT
afs-53275	186	1	*	*	PUNCT
afs-53275	186	2	*	*	PUNCT
afs-53275	186	3	0.28	0.28	NUM
afs-53275	186	4	*	*	PUNCT
afs-53275	186	5	*	*	PUNCT
afs-53275	186	6	*	*	PUNCT
afs-53275	186	7	0.46	0.46	NUM
afs-53275	186	8	*	*	PUNCT
afs-53275	186	9	*	*	PUNCT
afs-53275	187	1	*	*	PUNCT
afs-53275	187	2	0.34	0.34	NUM
afs-53275	187	3	*	*	PUNCT
afs-53275	187	4	*	*	PUNCT
afs-53275	187	5	*	*	PUNCT
afs-53275	187	6	0.42	0.42	NUM
afs-53275	187	7	*	*	PUNCT
afs-53275	187	8	*	*	PUNCT
afs-53275	187	9	*	*	PUNCT
afs-53275	187	10	0.15	0.15	NUM
afs-53275	187	11	*	*	PUNCT
afs-53275	187	12	*	*	PUNCT
afs-53275	187	13	0.22	0.22	NUM
afs-53275	187	14	*	*	PUNCT
afs-53275	187	15	*	*	PUNCT
afs-53275	187	16	*	*	PUNCT
afs-53275	187	17	kpss	kpss	PROPN
afs-53275	187	18	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	187	19	intercept	intercept	NOUN
afs-53275	187	20	included	include	VERB
afs-53275	187	21	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	187	22	1.88	1.88	NUM
afs-53275	187	23	*	*	PUNCT
afs-53275	187	24	*	*	PUNCT
afs-53275	187	25	*	*	PUNCT
afs-53275	187	26	0.88	0.88	NUM
afs-53275	187	27	*	*	PUNCT
afs-53275	187	28	*	*	PUNCT
afs-53275	187	29	*	*	PUNCT
afs-53275	187	30	1.96	1.96	NUM
afs-53275	187	31	*	*	PUNCT
afs-53275	187	32	*	*	PUNCT
afs-53275	187	33	*	*	PUNCT
afs-53275	187	34	1.85	1.85	NUM
afs-53275	187	35	*	*	PUNCT
afs-53275	187	36	*	*	PUNCT
afs-53275	187	37	*	*	PUNCT
afs-53275	187	38	1.99	1.99	NUM
afs-53275	187	39	*	*	PUNCT
afs-53275	187	40	*	*	PUNCT
afs-53275	187	41	*	*	PUNCT
afs-53275	187	42	0.46	0.46	NUM
afs-53275	187	43	*	*	PUNCT
afs-53275	187	44	*	*	PUNCT
afs-53275	187	45	0.74	0.74	NUM
afs-53275	187	46	*	*	PUNCT
afs-53275	187	47	*	*	PUNCT
afs-53275	187	48	*	*	PUNCT
afs-53275	187	49	adf	adf	NOUN
afs-53275	187	50	=	=	PUNCT
afs-53275	187	51	the	the	DET
afs-53275	187	52	augmented	augment	VERB
afs-53275	187	53	dickey	dickey	PROPN
afs-53275	187	54	-	-	PUNCT
afs-53275	187	55	fuller	full	ADJ
afs-53275	187	56	test	test	NOUN
afs-53275	187	57	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	188	1	test	test	NOUN
afs-53275	188	2	statistics	statistic	NOUN
afs-53275	188	3	are	be	AUX
afs-53275	188	4	according	accord	VERB
afs-53275	188	5	to	to	ADP
afs-53275	188	6	mackinnon	mackinnon	PROPN
afs-53275	188	7	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	188	8	1996	1996	NUM
afs-53275	188	9	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	188	10	critical	critical	ADJ
afs-53275	188	11	values	value	NOUN
afs-53275	188	12	for	for	ADP
afs-53275	188	13	rejection	rejection	NOUN
afs-53275	188	14	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	188	15	the	the	DET
afs-53275	188	16	hypothesis	hypothesis	NOUN
afs-53275	188	17	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	188	18	a	a	DET
afs-53275	188	19	unit	unit	NOUN
afs-53275	188	20	root	root	NOUN
afs-53275	188	21	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	189	1	kpss	kpss	PROPN
afs-53275	189	2	is	be	AUX
afs-53275	189	3	the	the	DET
afs-53275	189	4	η	η	NOUN
afs-53275	189	5	-	-	NOUN
afs-53275	189	6	test	test	NOUN
afs-53275	189	7	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	189	8	kwiatkowski	kwiatkowski	PROPN
afs-53275	189	9	et	et	PROPN
afs-53275	189	10	al	al	PROPN
afs-53275	189	11	.	.	PROPN
afs-53275	189	12	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	189	13	1992	1992	NUM
afs-53275	189	14	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	189	15	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	190	1	asterisks	asterisk	NOUN
afs-53275	190	2	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	190	3	*	*	PUNCT
afs-53275	190	4	*	*	PUNCT
afs-53275	190	5	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	190	6	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	190	7	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	190	8	*	*	PUNCT
afs-53275	190	9	*	*	PUNCT
afs-53275	190	10	*	*	PUNCT
afs-53275	190	11	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	190	12	denote	denote	VERB
afs-53275	190	13	the	the	DET
afs-53275	190	14	significance	significance	NOUN
afs-53275	190	15	level	level	NOUN
afs-53275	190	16	at	at	ADP
afs-53275	190	17	5	5	NUM
afs-53275	190	18	%	%	NOUN
afs-53275	190	19	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	190	20	1	1	NUM
afs-53275	190	21	%	%	NOUN
afs-53275	190	22	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	190	23	respectively	respectively	ADV
afs-53275	190	24	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	191	1	agricultural	agricultural	ADJ
afs-53275	191	2	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	191	3	food	food	NOUN
afs-53275	191	4	science	science	PROPN
afs-53275	191	5	j.	j.	PROPN
afs-53275	191	6	niemi	niemi	PROPN
afs-53275	191	7	&	&	CCONJ
afs-53275	191	8	x.	x.	PROPN
afs-53275	191	9	liu	liu	PROPN
afs-53275	191	10	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	191	11	2016	2016	NUM
afs-53275	191	12	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	191	13	25	25	NUM
afs-53275	191	14	:	:	PUNCT
afs-53275	191	15	177–186	177–186	NUM
afs-53275	191	16	184	184	NUM
afs-53275	191	17	next	next	ADJ
afs-53275	191	18	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	191	19	table	table	NOUN
afs-53275	191	20	4	4	NUM
afs-53275	191	21	reports	report	VERB
afs-53275	191	22	the	the	DET
afs-53275	191	23	parameters	parameter	NOUN
afs-53275	191	24	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	191	25	the	the	DET
afs-53275	191	26	cointegrating	cointegrate	VERB
afs-53275	191	27	vectors	vector	NOUN
afs-53275	191	28	normalised	normalise	VERB
afs-53275	191	29	on	on	ADP
afs-53275	191	30	the	the	DET
afs-53275	191	31	retail	retail	ADJ
afs-53275	191	32	price	price	NOUN
afs-53275	191	33	index	index	NOUN
afs-53275	191	34	obtained	obtain	VERB
afs-53275	191	35	from	from	ADP
afs-53275	191	36	equation	equation	NOUN
afs-53275	191	37	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	191	38	12	12	NUM
afs-53275	191	39	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	191	40	along	along	ADP
afs-53275	191	41	with	with	ADP
afs-53275	191	42	results	result	NOUN
afs-53275	191	43	from	from	ADP
afs-53275	191	44	the	the	DET
afs-53275	191	45	misspecification	misspecification	NOUN
afs-53275	191	46	tests	test	NOUN
afs-53275	191	47	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	192	1	the	the	DET
afs-53275	192	2	results	result	NOUN
afs-53275	192	3	show	show	VERB
afs-53275	192	4	that	that	SCONJ
afs-53275	192	5	β1	β1	PROPN
afs-53275	192	6	>	>	X
afs-53275	192	7	0	0	PROPN
afs-53275	192	8	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	192	9	which	which	PRON
afs-53275	192	10	is	be	AUX
afs-53275	192	11	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	192	12	accordance	accordance	NOUN
afs-53275	192	13	with	with	ADP
afs-53275	192	14	theoretical	theoretical	ADJ
afs-53275	192	15	model	model	NOUN
afs-53275	192	16	1	1	NUM
afs-53275	192	17	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	193	1	however	however	ADV
afs-53275	193	2	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	193	3	it	it	PRON
afs-53275	193	4	is	be	AUX
afs-53275	193	5	noteworthy	noteworthy	ADJ
afs-53275	193	6	that	that	SCONJ
afs-53275	193	7	the	the	DET
afs-53275	193	8	β4	β4	PROPN
afs-53275	193	9	parameter	parameter	NOUN
afs-53275	193	10	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	193	11	the	the	DET
afs-53275	193	12	coefficient	coefficient	NOUN
afs-53275	193	13	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	193	14	m	m	AUX
afs-53275	193	15	representing	represent	VERB
afs-53275	193	16	the	the	DET
afs-53275	193	17	marketing	marketing	NOUN
afs-53275	193	18	cost	cost	NOUN
afs-53275	193	19	shows	show	VERB
afs-53275	193	20	a	a	DET
afs-53275	193	21	negative	negative	ADJ
afs-53275	193	22	sign	sign	NOUN
afs-53275	193	23	but	but	CCONJ
afs-53275	193	24	is	be	AUX
afs-53275	193	25	not	not	PART
afs-53275	193	26	statistically	statistically	ADV
afs-53275	193	27	significant	significant	ADJ
afs-53275	193	28	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	194	1	this	this	PRON
afs-53275	194	2	implies	imply	VERB
afs-53275	194	3	that	that	SCONJ
afs-53275	194	4	labour	labour	ADJ
afs-53275	194	5	costs	cost	NOUN
afs-53275	194	6	alone	alone	ADV
afs-53275	194	7	may	may	AUX
afs-53275	194	8	not	not	PART
afs-53275	194	9	provide	provide	VERB
afs-53275	194	10	the	the	DET
afs-53275	194	11	best	good	ADJ
afs-53275	194	12	proxy	proxy	NOUN
afs-53275	194	13	as	as	ADP
afs-53275	194	14	a	a	DET
afs-53275	194	15	general	general	ADJ
afs-53275	194	16	marketing	marketing	NOUN
afs-53275	194	17	cost	cost	NOUN
afs-53275	194	18	variable	variable	NOUN
afs-53275	194	19	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	195	1	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	195	2	addition	addition	NOUN
afs-53275	195	3	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	195	4	the	the	DET
afs-53275	195	5	positive	positive	ADJ
afs-53275	195	6	sign	sign	NOUN
afs-53275	195	7	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	195	8	the	the	DET
afs-53275	195	9	demand	demand	NOUN
afs-53275	195	10	shift	shift	NOUN
afs-53275	195	11	β2	β2	PROPN
afs-53275	195	12	>	>	X
afs-53275	195	13	0	0	PUNCT
afs-53275	195	14	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	195	15	negative	negative	ADJ
afs-53275	195	16	sign	sign	NOUN
afs-53275	195	17	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	195	18	the	the	DET
afs-53275	195	19	supply	supply	NOUN
afs-53275	195	20	shift	shift	NOUN
afs-53275	195	21	β3	β3	PROPN
afs-53275	195	22	<	<	X
afs-53275	195	23	0	0	PUNCT
afs-53275	195	24	indicate	indicate	VERB
afs-53275	195	25	that	that	SCONJ
afs-53275	195	26	buyer	buyer	NOUN
afs-53275	195	27	power	power	NOUN
afs-53275	195	28	exists	exist	VERB
afs-53275	195	29	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	195	30	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	195	31	the	the	DET
afs-53275	195	32	signs	sign	NOUN
afs-53275	195	33	are	be	AUX
afs-53275	195	34	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	195	35	line	line	NOUN
afs-53275	195	36	with	with	ADP
afs-53275	195	37	the	the	DET
afs-53275	195	38	theoretical	theoretical	ADJ
afs-53275	195	39	model	model	NOUN
afs-53275	195	40	presented	present	VERB
afs-53275	195	41	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	195	42	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	195	43	10	10	NUM
afs-53275	195	44	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	195	45	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	195	46	even	even	ADV
afs-53275	195	47	though	though	SCONJ
afs-53275	195	48	β3	β3	ADJ
afs-53275	195	49	is	be	AUX
afs-53275	195	50	not	not	PART
afs-53275	195	51	statistically	statistically	ADV
afs-53275	195	52	significant	significant	ADJ
afs-53275	195	53	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	196	1	at	at	ADP
afs-53275	196	2	the	the	DET
afs-53275	196	3	end	end	NOUN
afs-53275	196	4	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	196	5	table	table	NOUN
afs-53275	196	6	4	4	NUM
afs-53275	196	7	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	196	8	we	we	PRON
afs-53275	196	9	add	add	VERB
afs-53275	196	10	the	the	DET
afs-53275	196	11	misspecification	misspecification	NOUN
afs-53275	196	12	test	test	NOUN
afs-53275	196	13	values	value	NOUN
afs-53275	196	14	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	196	15	including	include	VERB
afs-53275	196	16	the	the	DET
afs-53275	196	17	autocorrelation	autocorrelation	NOUN
afs-53275	196	18	lm	lm	X
afs-53275	196	19	test	test	NOUN
afs-53275	196	20	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	196	21	white	white	ADJ
afs-53275	196	22	heteroscedasticity	heteroscedasticity	PROPN
afs-53275	196	23	test	test	NOUN
afs-53275	196	24	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	196	25	recommended	recommend	VERB
afs-53275	196	26	by	by	ADP
afs-53275	196	27	juselius	juselius	NOUN
afs-53275	196	28	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	196	29	1998	1998	NUM
afs-53275	196	30	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	196	31	2006	2006	NUM
afs-53275	196	32	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	196	33	together	together	ADV
afs-53275	196	34	with	with	ADP
afs-53275	196	35	others	other	NOUN
afs-53275	196	36	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	196	37	ben	ben	PROPN
afs-53275	196	38	-	-	PUNCT
afs-53275	196	39	kaabia	kaabia	PROPN
afs-53275	196	40	et	et	PROPN
afs-53275	196	41	al	al	PROPN
afs-53275	196	42	.	.	PROPN
afs-53275	196	43	2005	2005	NUM
afs-53275	196	44	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	196	45	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	197	1	the	the	DET
afs-53275	197	2	results	result	NOUN
afs-53275	197	3	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	197	4	residual	residual	ADJ
afs-53275	197	5	autocorrelation	autocorrelation	NOUN
afs-53275	197	6	suggest	suggest	VERB
afs-53275	197	7	that	that	SCONJ
afs-53275	197	8	there	there	PRON
afs-53275	197	9	is	be	VERB
afs-53275	197	10	no	no	DET
afs-53275	197	11	remaining	remain	VERB
afs-53275	197	12	autocorrelation	autocorrelation	NOUN
afs-53275	197	13	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	197	14	the	the	DET
afs-53275	197	15	white	white	PROPN
afs-53275	197	16	heteroscedasticity	heteroscedasticity	PROPN
afs-53275	197	17	test	test	NOUN
afs-53275	197	18	indicates	indicate	VERB
afs-53275	197	19	that	that	SCONJ
afs-53275	197	20	the	the	DET
afs-53275	197	21	null	null	NOUN
afs-53275	197	22	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	197	23	homoscedasticity	homoscedasticity	NOUN
afs-53275	197	24	can	can	AUX
afs-53275	197	25	not	not	PART
afs-53275	197	26	be	be	AUX
afs-53275	197	27	rejected	reject	VERB
afs-53275	197	28	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	198	1	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	198	2	order	order	NOUN
afs-53275	198	3	to	to	PART
afs-53275	198	4	obtain	obtain	VERB
afs-53275	198	5	a	a	DET
afs-53275	198	6	more	more	ADV
afs-53275	198	7	precise	precise	ADJ
afs-53275	198	8	statistical	statistical	ADJ
afs-53275	198	9	significance	significance	NOUN
afs-53275	198	10	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	198	11	coefficients	coefficient	NOUN
afs-53275	198	12	s	s	PART
afs-53275	198	13	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	198	14	d	d	NOUN
afs-53275	198	15	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	198	16	we	we	PRON
afs-53275	198	17	further	far	ADV
afs-53275	198	18	performed	perform	VERB
afs-53275	198	19	a	a	DET
afs-53275	198	20	set	set	NOUN
afs-53275	198	21	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	198	22	likelihood	likelihood	NOUN
afs-53275	198	23	ratio	ratio	NOUN
afs-53275	198	24	tests	test	NOUN
afs-53275	198	25	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	199	1	the	the	DET
afs-53275	199	2	results	result	NOUN
afs-53275	199	3	are	be	AUX
afs-53275	199	4	displayed	display	VERB
afs-53275	199	5	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	199	6	table	table	NOUN
afs-53275	199	7	5	5	NUM
afs-53275	199	8	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	199	9	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	199	10	the	the	DET
afs-53275	199	11	null	null	ADJ
afs-53275	199	12	hypothesis	hypothesis	NOUN
afs-53275	199	13	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	199	14	perfect	perfect	ADJ
afs-53275	199	15	competition	competition	NOUN
afs-53275	199	16	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	199	17	β2	β2	NOUN
afs-53275	199	18	=	=	SYM
afs-53275	199	19	β3	β3	PROPN
afs-53275	199	20	=	=	SYM
afs-53275	199	21	0	0	NUM
afs-53275	199	22	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	199	23	between	between	ADP
afs-53275	199	24	producer	producer	NOUN
afs-53275	199	25	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	199	26	retailing	retailing	NOUN
afs-53275	199	27	prices	price	NOUN
afs-53275	199	28	is	be	AUX
afs-53275	199	29	clearly	clearly	ADV
afs-53275	199	30	rejected	reject	VERB
afs-53275	199	31	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	200	1	although	although	SCONJ
afs-53275	200	2	β3	β3	PROPN
afs-53275	200	3	=	=	SYM
afs-53275	200	4	0	0	NUM
afs-53275	200	5	alone	alone	ADV
afs-53275	200	6	can	can	AUX
afs-53275	200	7	not	not	PART
afs-53275	200	8	be	be	AUX
afs-53275	200	9	rejected	reject	VERB
afs-53275	200	10	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	200	11	it	it	PRON
afs-53275	200	12	is	be	AUX
afs-53275	200	13	correctly	correctly	ADV
afs-53275	200	14	signed	sign	VERB
afs-53275	200	15	according	accord	VERB
afs-53275	200	16	to	to	ADP
afs-53275	200	17	the	the	DET
afs-53275	200	18	theoretical	theoretical	ADJ
afs-53275	200	19	model	model	NOUN
afs-53275	200	20	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	200	21	see	see	VERB
afs-53275	200	22	table	table	NOUN
afs-53275	200	23	4	4	NUM
afs-53275	200	24	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	200	25	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	201	1	therefore	therefore	ADV
afs-53275	201	2	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	201	3	the	the	DET
afs-53275	201	4	results	result	NOUN
afs-53275	201	5	suggest	suggest	VERB
afs-53275	201	6	overall	overall	ADV
afs-53275	201	7	that	that	SCONJ
afs-53275	201	8	the	the	DET
afs-53275	201	9	spread	spread	NOUN
afs-53275	201	10	between	between	ADP
afs-53275	201	11	producer	producer	NOUN
afs-53275	201	12	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	201	13	retailer	retailer	NOUN
afs-53275	201	14	prices	price	NOUN
afs-53275	201	15	is	be	AUX
afs-53275	201	16	not	not	PART
afs-53275	201	17	consistent	consistent	ADJ
afs-53275	201	18	with	with	ADP
afs-53275	201	19	perfectly	perfectly	ADV
afs-53275	201	20	competitive	competitive	ADJ
afs-53275	201	21	behaviour	behaviour	NOUN
afs-53275	201	22	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	201	23	thus	thus	ADV
afs-53275	201	24	might	might	AUX
afs-53275	201	25	be	be	AUX
afs-53275	201	26	caused	cause	VERB
afs-53275	201	27	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	201	28	at	at	ADP
afs-53275	201	29	least	least	ADJ
afs-53275	201	30	as	as	ADP
afs-53275	201	31	a	a	DET
afs-53275	201	32	candidate	candidate	NOUN
afs-53275	201	33	amongst	amongst	ADP
afs-53275	201	34	other	other	ADJ
afs-53275	201	35	factors	factor	NOUN
afs-53275	201	36	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	201	37	by	by	ADP
afs-53275	201	38	the	the	DET
afs-53275	201	39	existence	existence	NOUN
afs-53275	201	40	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	201	41	oligopsony	oligopsony	NOUN
afs-53275	201	42	power	power	NOUN
afs-53275	201	43	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	201	44	finnish	finnish	ADJ
afs-53275	201	45	food	food	NOUN
afs-53275	201	46	retailing	retailing	NOUN
afs-53275	201	47	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	202	1	table	table	NOUN
afs-53275	202	2	3	3	NUM
afs-53275	202	3	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	202	4	test	test	NOUN
afs-53275	202	5	for	for	ADP
afs-53275	202	6	cointegration	cointegration	NOUN
afs-53275	202	7	among	among	ADP
afs-53275	202	8	logr	logr	NOUN
afs-53275	202	9	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	202	10	logp	logp	NOUN
afs-53275	202	11	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	202	12	logds	logds	NOUN
afs-53275	202	13	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	202	14	logs	log	NOUN
afs-53275	202	15	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	202	16	logm	logm	NOUN
afs-53275	202	17	index	index	NOUN
afs-53275	202	18	series	series	NOUN
afs-53275	202	19	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	202	20	i	i	NOUN
afs-53275	202	21	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	202	22	constant	constant	PROPN
afs-53275	202	23	included	include	VERB
afs-53275	202	24	hypothesized	hypothesized	ADJ
afs-53275	202	25	no	no	ADP
afs-53275	202	26	.	.	PROPN
afs-53275	202	27	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	202	28	ces	ces	PROPN
afs-53275	202	29	max	max	PROPN
afs-53275	202	30	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	203	1	eigenvalue	eigenvalue	PROPN
afs-53275	203	2	5	5	NUM
afs-53275	203	3	%	%	NOUN
afs-53275	203	4	max	max	PROPN
afs-53275	203	5	trace	trace	NOUN
afs-53275	203	6	statistic	statistic	ADJ
afs-53275	203	7	5	5	NUM
afs-53275	203	8	%	%	NOUN
afs-53275	203	9	trace	trace	NOUN
afs-53275	203	10	r=0	r=0	PRON
afs-53275	203	11	52.71	52.71	NUM
afs-53275	203	12	*	*	PUNCT
afs-53275	203	13	*	*	NOUN
afs-53275	203	14	33.88	33.88	NUM
afs-53275	204	1	98.08	98.08	NUM
afs-53275	204	2	*	*	PUNCT
afs-53275	204	3	*	*	PUNCT
afs-53275	204	4	69.82	69.82	NUM
afs-53275	204	5	r=1	r=1	NOUN
afs-53275	204	6	26.26	26.26	NUM
afs-53275	204	7	27.58	27.58	NUM
afs-53275	204	8	45.37	45.37	NUM
afs-53275	204	9	47.86	47.86	NUM
afs-53275	204	10	r=2	r=2	PROPN
afs-53275	204	11	10.66	10.66	NUM
afs-53275	204	12	21.13	21.13	NUM
afs-53275	204	13	19.11	19.11	NUM
afs-53275	204	14	29.80	29.80	NUM
afs-53275	204	15	r=3	r=3	NOUN
afs-53275	204	16	6.77	6.77	NUM
afs-53275	204	17	14.26	14.26	NUM
afs-53275	204	18	8.45	8.45	NUM
afs-53275	204	19	15.49	15.49	NUM
afs-53275	204	20	r=4	r=4	PROPN
afs-53275	204	21	1.68	1.68	NUM
afs-53275	204	22	3.84	3.84	NUM
afs-53275	204	23	1.67	1.67	NUM
afs-53275	204	24	3.84	3.84	NUM
afs-53275	204	25	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	204	26	ii	ii	NOUN
afs-53275	204	27	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	204	28	constant	constant	ADJ
afs-53275	204	29	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	204	30	linear	linear	ADJ
afs-53275	204	31	trend	trend	NOUN
afs-53275	204	32	included	include	VERB
afs-53275	204	33	hypothesized	hypothesize	VERB
afs-53275	204	34	no	no	ADP
afs-53275	204	35	.	.	PROPN
afs-53275	204	36	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	204	37	ces	ces	PROPN
afs-53275	204	38	max	max	PROPN
afs-53275	204	39	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	205	1	eigenvalue	eigenvalue	PROPN
afs-53275	205	2	5	5	NUM
afs-53275	205	3	%	%	NOUN
afs-53275	205	4	max	max	PROPN
afs-53275	205	5	trace	trace	NOUN
afs-53275	205	6	statistic	statistic	ADJ
afs-53275	205	7	5	5	NUM
afs-53275	205	8	%	%	NOUN
afs-53275	205	9	trace	trace	NOUN
afs-53275	205	10	r=0	r=0	PROPN
afs-53275	205	11	57.85	57.85	NUM
afs-53275	205	12	*	*	NOUN
afs-53275	205	13	*	*	PUNCT
afs-53275	205	14	38.33	38.33	NUM
afs-53275	205	15	88.80	88.80	NUM
afs-53275	205	16	*	*	PUNCT
afs-53275	205	17	*	*	PUNCT
afs-53275	205	18	69.82	69.82	NUM
afs-53275	205	19	r=1	r=1	NOUN
afs-53275	205	20	26.45	26.45	NUM
afs-53275	205	21	32.12	32.12	NUM
afs-53275	205	22	63.88	63.88	NUM
afs-53275	205	23	47.86	47.86	NUM
afs-53275	205	24	r=2	r=2	PROPN
afs-53275	205	25	19.26	19.26	NUM
afs-53275	205	26	25.82	25.82	NUM
afs-53275	205	27	42.92	42.92	NUM
afs-53275	205	28	29.80	29.80	NUM
afs-53275	205	29	r=3	r=3	PROPN
afs-53275	205	30	8.39	8.39	NUM
afs-53275	205	31	19.38	19.38	NUM
afs-53275	205	32	25.87	25.87	NUM
afs-53275	205	33	15.49	15.49	NUM
afs-53275	205	34	r=5	r=5	NOUN
afs-53275	205	35	2.88	2.88	NUM
afs-53275	205	36	12.52	12.52	NUM
afs-53275	205	37	12.52	12.52	NUM
afs-53275	205	38	3.84	3.84	NUM
afs-53275	205	39	critical	critical	ADJ
afs-53275	205	40	values	value	NOUN
afs-53275	205	41	based	base	VERB
afs-53275	205	42	on	on	ADP
afs-53275	205	43	mackinnon	mackinnon	PROPN
afs-53275	205	44	-	-	PUNCT
afs-53275	205	45	haug	haug	NOUN
afs-53275	205	46	-	-	PUNCT
afs-53275	205	47	michelis	michelis	PROPN
afs-53275	205	48	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	205	49	1999	1999	NUM
afs-53275	205	50	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	205	51	;	;	PUNCT
afs-53275	206	1	*	*	PUNCT
afs-53275	206	2	*	*	PUNCT
afs-53275	207	1	=	=	PUNCT
afs-53275	207	2	rejection	rejection	NOUN
afs-53275	207	3	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	207	4	the	the	DET
afs-53275	207	5	hypothesis	hypothesis	NOUN
afs-53275	207	6	at	at	ADP
afs-53275	207	7	the	the	DET
afs-53275	207	8	5	5	NUM
afs-53275	207	9	%	%	NOUN
afs-53275	207	10	level	level	NOUN
afs-53275	207	11	table	table	NOUN
afs-53275	207	12	4	4	NUM
afs-53275	207	13	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	207	14	estimated	estimate	VERB
afs-53275	207	15	cointegrating	cointegrate	VERB
afs-53275	207	16	vectors	vector	NOUN
afs-53275	207	17	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	207	18	normalised	normalise	VERB
afs-53275	207	19	on	on	ADP
afs-53275	207	20	the	the	DET
afs-53275	207	21	retail	retail	ADJ
afs-53275	207	22	price	price	NOUN
afs-53275	207	23	index	index	NOUN
afs-53275	207	24	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	207	25	index	index	NOUN
afs-53275	207	26	proxies	proxy	NOUN
afs-53275	207	27	parameters	parameter	NOUN
afs-53275	207	28	values	value	VERB
afs-53275	207	29	producer	producer	NOUN
afs-53275	207	30	price	price	NOUN
afs-53275	207	31	index	index	NOUN
afs-53275	207	32	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	207	33	logp	logp	NOUN
afs-53275	207	34	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	207	35	β1	β1	NOUN
afs-53275	207	36	0.19***(0.05	0.19***(0.05	NOUN
afs-53275	207	37	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	207	38	demand	demand	NOUN
afs-53275	207	39	shifter	shifter	NOUN
afs-53275	207	40	index	index	NOUN
afs-53275	207	41	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	207	42	logds	logds	NOUN
afs-53275	207	43	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	207	44	β2	β2	VERB
afs-53275	207	45	0.66	0.66	NUM
afs-53275	207	46	*	*	PUNCT
afs-53275	207	47	*	*	PUNCT
afs-53275	207	48	*	*	PUNCT
afs-53275	207	49	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	207	50	0.19	0.19	NUM
afs-53275	207	51	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	207	52	supply	supply	NOUN
afs-53275	207	53	shifter	shifter	NOUN
afs-53275	207	54	index	index	NOUN
afs-53275	207	55	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	207	56	logss	logss	NOUN
afs-53275	207	57	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	207	58	β3	β3	NOUN
afs-53275	207	59	–	–	PUNCT
afs-53275	207	60	0.08	0.08	NUM
afs-53275	207	61	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	207	62	0.07	0.07	NUM
afs-53275	207	63	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	207	64	marketing	marketing	NOUN
afs-53275	207	65	cost	cost	NOUN
afs-53275	207	66	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	207	67	logm	logm	PROPN
afs-53275	207	68	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	207	69	β4	β4	PROPN
afs-53275	207	70	–	–	PUNCT
afs-53275	207	71	0.16	0.16	NUM
afs-53275	207	72	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	207	73	0.08	0.08	NUM
afs-53275	207	74	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	207	75	trend	trend	NOUN
afs-53275	207	76	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	207	77	t	t	NOUN
afs-53275	207	78	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	207	79	0.0012**(0.0004	0.0012**(0.0004	NOUN
afs-53275	207	80	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	207	81	r	r	NOUN
afs-53275	207	82	-	-	PUNCT
afs-53275	207	83	square	square	ADJ
afs-53275	207	84	0.32	0.32	NUM
afs-53275	207	85	serial	serial	ADJ
afs-53275	207	86	correlation	correlation	NOUN
afs-53275	207	87	lm	lm	X
afs-53275	207	88	test	test	NOUN
afs-53275	207	89	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	207	90	lag=10)a	lag=10)a	PROPN
afs-53275	207	91	31.40[0.18	31.40[0.18	NUM
afs-53275	207	92	]	]	PUNCT
afs-53275	207	93	white	white	PROPN
afs-53275	207	94	heteroscedasticity	heteroscedasticity	PROPN
afs-53275	207	95	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	207	96	1)b	1)b	X
afs-53275	208	1	517.00[0.13	517.00[0.13	NUM
afs-53275	208	2	]	]	X
afs-53275	208	3	a	a	DET
afs-53275	208	4	=	=	SYM
afs-53275	208	5	critical	critical	ADJ
afs-53275	208	6	values	value	NOUN
afs-53275	208	7	based	base	VERB
afs-53275	208	8	on	on	ADP
afs-53275	208	9	breusch	breusch	NOUN
afs-53275	208	10	-	-	PUNCT
afs-53275	208	11	godfrey	godfrey	NOUN
afs-53275	208	12	lm	lm	PROPN
afs-53275	208	13	test	test	NOUN
afs-53275	208	14	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	208	15	order	order	NOUN
afs-53275	208	16	10	10	NUM
afs-53275	208	17	;	;	PUNCT
afs-53275	208	18	b	b	X
afs-53275	208	19	=	=	SYM
afs-53275	208	20	white	white	ADJ
afs-53275	208	21	heteroscedasticity	heteroscedasticity	PROPN
afs-53275	208	22	test	test	NOUN
afs-53275	208	23	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	208	24	doornik	doornik	X
afs-53275	208	25	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	208	26	1995	1995	NUM
afs-53275	208	27	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	208	28	for	for	ADP
afs-53275	208	29	conditional	conditional	ADJ
afs-53275	208	30	heteroscedasticity	heteroscedasticity	NOUN
afs-53275	208	31	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	208	32	order	order	NOUN
afs-53275	208	33	1	1	X
afs-53275	208	34	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	209	1	asterisks	asterisk	NOUN
afs-53275	209	2	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	209	3	*	*	PUNCT
afs-53275	209	4	*	*	PUNCT
afs-53275	209	5	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	209	6	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	209	7	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	209	8	*	*	PUNCT
afs-53275	209	9	*	*	PUNCT
afs-53275	209	10	*	*	PUNCT
afs-53275	209	11	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	209	12	denote	denote	VERB
afs-53275	209	13	the	the	DET
afs-53275	209	14	significance	significance	NOUN
afs-53275	209	15	level	level	NOUN
afs-53275	209	16	at	at	ADP
afs-53275	209	17	5	5	NUM
afs-53275	209	18	%	%	NOUN
afs-53275	209	19	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	209	20	1	1	NUM
afs-53275	209	21	%	%	NOUN
afs-53275	209	22	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	209	23	respectively	respectively	ADV
afs-53275	209	24	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	210	1	agricultural	agricultural	ADJ
afs-53275	210	2	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	210	3	food	food	NOUN
afs-53275	210	4	science	science	PROPN
afs-53275	210	5	j.	j.	PROPN
afs-53275	210	6	niemi	niemi	PROPN
afs-53275	210	7	&	&	CCONJ
afs-53275	210	8	x.	x.	PROPN
afs-53275	210	9	liu	liu	PROPN
afs-53275	210	10	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	210	11	2016	2016	NUM
afs-53275	210	12	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	210	13	25	25	NUM
afs-53275	210	14	:	:	PUNCT
afs-53275	210	15	177–186	177–186	NUM
afs-53275	210	16	185	185	NUM
afs-53275	210	17	discussion	discussion	NOUN
afs-53275	210	18	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	210	19	this	this	DET
afs-53275	210	20	paper	paper	NOUN
afs-53275	210	21	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	210	22	we	we	PRON
afs-53275	210	23	have	have	AUX
afs-53275	210	24	applied	apply	VERB
afs-53275	210	25	the	the	DET
afs-53275	210	26	test	test	NOUN
afs-53275	210	27	method	method	NOUN
afs-53275	210	28	by	by	ADP
afs-53275	210	29	lloyd	lloyd	PROPN
afs-53275	210	30	et	et	PROPN
afs-53275	210	31	al	al	PROPN
afs-53275	210	32	.	.	PROPN
afs-53275	211	1	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	211	2	2009	2009	NUM
afs-53275	211	3	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	212	1	to	to	PART
afs-53275	212	2	test	test	VERB
afs-53275	212	3	the	the	DET
afs-53275	212	4	presence	presence	NOUN
afs-53275	212	5	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	212	6	buyer	buyer	NOUN
afs-53275	212	7	power	power	NOUN
afs-53275	212	8	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	212	9	vertically	vertically	ADV
afs-53275	212	10	related	relate	VERB
afs-53275	212	11	finnish	finnish	ADJ
afs-53275	212	12	food	food	NOUN
afs-53275	212	13	supply	supply	NOUN
afs-53275	212	14	chain	chain	NOUN
afs-53275	213	1	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	214	1	the	the	DET
afs-53275	214	2	approach	approach	NOUN
afs-53275	214	3	is	be	AUX
afs-53275	214	4	straightforward	straightforward	ADJ
afs-53275	214	5	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	214	6	transparent	transparent	ADJ
afs-53275	214	7	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	214	8	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	214	9	delivers	deliver	VERB
afs-53275	214	10	a	a	DET
afs-53275	214	11	statistical	statistical	ADJ
afs-53275	214	12	test	test	NOUN
afs-53275	214	13	derived	derive	VERB
afs-53275	214	14	from	from	ADP
afs-53275	214	15	a	a	DET
afs-53275	214	16	theoretically	theoretically	ADV
afs-53275	214	17	consistent	consistent	ADJ
afs-53275	214	18	basis	basis	NOUN
afs-53275	214	19	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	215	1	furthermore	furthermore	ADV
afs-53275	215	2	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	215	3	the	the	DET
afs-53275	215	4	test	test	NOUN
afs-53275	215	5	demands	demand	VERB
afs-53275	215	6	relatively	relatively	ADV
afs-53275	215	7	little	little	ADJ
afs-53275	215	8	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	215	9	terms	term	NOUN
afs-53275	215	10	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	215	11	data	datum	NOUN
afs-53275	215	12	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	215	13	is	be	AUX
afs-53275	215	14	implemented	implement	VERB
afs-53275	215	15	using	use	VERB
afs-53275	215	16	standard	standard	ADJ
afs-53275	215	17	techniques	technique	NOUN
afs-53275	215	18	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	215	19	modern	modern	ADJ
afs-53275	215	20	time	time	NOUN
afs-53275	215	21	-	-	PUNCT
afs-53275	215	22	series	series	NOUN
afs-53275	215	23	analysis	analysis	NOUN
afs-53275	215	24	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	216	1	the	the	DET
afs-53275	216	2	empirical	empirical	ADJ
afs-53275	216	3	result	result	NOUN
afs-53275	216	4	suggests	suggest	VERB
afs-53275	216	5	that	that	SCONJ
afs-53275	216	6	the	the	DET
afs-53275	216	7	hypothesis	hypothesis	NOUN
afs-53275	216	8	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	216	9	perfect	perfect	ADJ
afs-53275	216	10	competition	competition	NOUN
afs-53275	216	11	can	can	AUX
afs-53275	216	12	be	be	AUX
afs-53275	216	13	rejected	reject	VERB
afs-53275	216	14	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	216	15	implying	imply	VERB
afs-53275	216	16	that	that	SCONJ
afs-53275	216	17	the	the	DET
afs-53275	216	18	finnish	finnish	ADJ
afs-53275	216	19	market	market	NOUN
afs-53275	216	20	is	be	AUX
afs-53275	216	21	characterised	characterise	VERB
afs-53275	216	22	by	by	ADP
afs-53275	216	23	buyer	buyer	NOUN
afs-53275	216	24	power	power	NOUN
afs-53275	216	25	according	accord	VERB
afs-53275	216	26	to	to	ADP
afs-53275	216	27	the	the	DET
afs-53275	216	28	measure	measure	NOUN
afs-53275	216	29	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	216	30	lloyd	lloyd	PROPN
afs-53275	216	31	et	et	PROPN
afs-53275	216	32	al	al	PROPN
afs-53275	216	33	.	.	PROPN
afs-53275	217	1	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	217	2	2009	2009	NUM
afs-53275	217	3	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	217	4	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	218	1	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	218	2	course	course	NOUN
afs-53275	218	3	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	218	4	the	the	DET
afs-53275	218	5	result	result	NOUN
afs-53275	218	6	can	can	AUX
afs-53275	218	7	not	not	PART
afs-53275	218	8	be	be	AUX
afs-53275	218	9	interpreted	interpret	VERB
afs-53275	218	10	as	as	ADP
afs-53275	218	11	providing	provide	VERB
afs-53275	218	12	conclusive	conclusive	ADJ
afs-53275	218	13	evidence	evidence	NOUN
afs-53275	218	14	for	for	ADP
afs-53275	218	15	the	the	DET
afs-53275	218	16	use	use	NOUN
afs-53275	218	17	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	218	18	buyer	buyer	NOUN
afs-53275	218	19	power	power	NOUN
afs-53275	218	20	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	218	21	finnish	finnish	ADJ
afs-53275	218	22	food	food	NOUN
afs-53275	218	23	retailing	retailing	NOUN
afs-53275	218	24	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	218	25	processing	processing	NOUN
afs-53275	218	26	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	219	1	clearly	clearly	ADV
afs-53275	219	2	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	219	3	econometric	econometric	ADJ
afs-53275	219	4	tests	test	NOUN
afs-53275	219	5	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	219	6	this	this	DET
afs-53275	219	7	sort	sort	NOUN
afs-53275	219	8	have	have	VERB
afs-53275	219	9	limitations	limitation	NOUN
afs-53275	219	10	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	220	1	the	the	DET
afs-53275	220	2	data	datum	NOUN
afs-53275	220	3	are	be	AUX
afs-53275	220	4	subject	subject	ADJ
afs-53275	220	5	to	to	ADP
afs-53275	220	6	measurement	measurement	NOUN
afs-53275	220	7	problems	problem	NOUN
afs-53275	220	8	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	220	9	particularly	particularly	ADV
afs-53275	220	10	regarding	regard	VERB
afs-53275	220	11	the	the	DET
afs-53275	220	12	quality	quality	NOUN
afs-53275	220	13	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	220	14	proxies	proxy	NOUN
afs-53275	220	15	that	that	PRON
afs-53275	220	16	are	be	AUX
afs-53275	220	17	available	available	ADJ
afs-53275	220	18	to	to	PART
afs-53275	220	19	account	account	VERB
afs-53275	220	20	for	for	ADP
afs-53275	220	21	changes	change	NOUN
afs-53275	220	22	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	220	23	sector	sector	NOUN
afs-53275	220	24	-	-	PUNCT
afs-53275	220	25	specific	specific	ADJ
afs-53275	220	26	marketing	marketing	NOUN
afs-53275	220	27	costs	cost	NOUN
afs-53275	220	28	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	220	29	demand	demand	NOUN
afs-53275	220	30	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	220	31	supply	supply	NOUN
afs-53275	220	32	shocks	shock	NOUN
afs-53275	220	33	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	220	34	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	220	35	which	which	PRON
afs-53275	220	36	are	be	AUX
afs-53275	220	37	not	not	PART
afs-53275	220	38	to	to	PART
afs-53275	220	39	be	be	AUX
afs-53275	220	40	taken	take	VERB
afs-53275	220	41	lightly	lightly	ADV
afs-53275	220	42	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	221	1	given	give	VERB
afs-53275	221	2	this	this	DET
afs-53275	221	3	complexity	complexity	NOUN
afs-53275	221	4	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	221	5	general	general	ADJ
afs-53275	221	6	conclusions	conclusion	NOUN
afs-53275	221	7	regarding	regard	VERB
afs-53275	221	8	the	the	DET
afs-53275	221	9	functioning	functioning	NOUN
afs-53275	221	10	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	221	11	the	the	DET
afs-53275	221	12	food	food	NOUN
afs-53275	221	13	supply	supply	NOUN
afs-53275	221	14	chain	chain	NOUN
afs-53275	221	15	have	have	VERB
afs-53275	221	16	to	to	PART
afs-53275	221	17	be	be	AUX
afs-53275	221	18	drawn	draw	VERB
afs-53275	221	19	with	with	ADP
afs-53275	221	20	caution	caution	NOUN
afs-53275	221	21	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	222	1	it	it	PRON
afs-53275	222	2	should	should	AUX
afs-53275	222	3	also	also	ADV
afs-53275	222	4	be	be	AUX
afs-53275	222	5	stressed	stress	VERB
afs-53275	222	6	that	that	SCONJ
afs-53275	222	7	the	the	DET
afs-53275	222	8	test	test	NOUN
afs-53275	222	9	does	do	AUX
afs-53275	222	10	not	not	PART
afs-53275	222	11	allow	allow	VERB
afs-53275	222	12	the	the	DET
afs-53275	222	13	degree	degree	NOUN
afs-53275	222	14	or	or	CCONJ
afs-53275	222	15	economic	economic	ADJ
afs-53275	222	16	significance	significance	NOUN
afs-53275	222	17	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	222	18	market	market	NOUN
afs-53275	222	19	power	power	NOUN
afs-53275	222	20	to	to	PART
afs-53275	222	21	be	be	AUX
afs-53275	222	22	measured	measure	VERB
afs-53275	222	23	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	222	24	but	but	CCONJ
afs-53275	222	25	merely	merely	ADV
afs-53275	222	26	indicates	indicate	VERB
afs-53275	222	27	whether	whether	SCONJ
afs-53275	222	28	it	it	PRON
afs-53275	222	29	exists	exist	VERB
afs-53275	222	30	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	223	1	however	however	ADV
afs-53275	223	2	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	223	3	the	the	DET
afs-53275	223	4	method	method	NOUN
afs-53275	223	5	proposed	propose	VERB
afs-53275	223	6	by	by	ADP
afs-53275	223	7	lloyd	lloyd	PROPN
afs-53275	223	8	et	et	PROPN
afs-53275	223	9	al	al	PROPN
afs-53275	223	10	.	.	PROPN
afs-53275	224	1	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	224	2	2009	2009	NUM
afs-53275	224	3	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	224	4	is	be	AUX
afs-53275	224	5	both	both	PRON
afs-53275	224	6	familiar	familiar	ADJ
afs-53275	224	7	to	to	ADP
afs-53275	224	8	applied	apply	VERB
afs-53275	224	9	economists	economist	NOUN
afs-53275	224	10	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	224	11	readily	readily	ADV
afs-53275	224	12	implemented	implement	VERB
afs-53275	224	13	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	224	14	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	224	15	delivers	deliver	VERB
afs-53275	224	16	a	a	DET
afs-53275	224	17	‘	'	PUNCT
afs-53275	224	18	first	first	ADJ
afs-53275	224	19	-	-	PUNCT
afs-53275	224	20	filter	filter	NOUN
afs-53275	224	21	’	'	PUNCT
afs-53275	224	22	test	test	NOUN
afs-53275	224	23	that	that	SCONJ
afs-53275	224	24	when	when	SCONJ
afs-53275	224	25	used	use	VERB
afs-53275	224	26	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	224	27	combination	combination	NOUN
afs-53275	224	28	with	with	ADP
afs-53275	224	29	other	other	ADJ
afs-53275	224	30	evidential	evidential	ADJ
afs-53275	224	31	indicators	indicator	NOUN
afs-53275	224	32	can	can	AUX
afs-53275	224	33	contribute	contribute	VERB
afs-53275	224	34	to	to	ADP
afs-53275	224	35	uncovering	uncover	VERB
afs-53275	224	36	the	the	DET
afs-53275	224	37	existence	existence	NOUN
afs-53275	224	38	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	224	39	buyer	buyer	NOUN
afs-53275	224	40	power	power	NOUN
afs-53275	224	41	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	224	42	the	the	DET
afs-53275	224	43	vertical	vertical	ADJ
afs-53275	224	44	food	food	NOUN
afs-53275	224	45	chain	chain	NOUN
afs-53275	224	46	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	225	1	this	this	DET
afs-53275	225	2	better	well	ADJ
afs-53275	225	3	understanding	understanding	NOUN
afs-53275	225	4	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	225	5	the	the	DET
afs-53275	225	6	functioning	functioning	NOUN
afs-53275	225	7	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	225	8	the	the	DET
afs-53275	225	9	food	food	NOUN
afs-53275	225	10	supply	supply	NOUN
afs-53275	225	11	chain	chain	NOUN
afs-53275	225	12	will	will	AUX
afs-53275	225	13	also	also	ADV
afs-53275	225	14	contribute	contribute	VERB
afs-53275	225	15	to	to	ADP
afs-53275	225	16	a	a	DET
afs-53275	225	17	more	more	ADV
afs-53275	225	18	informed	informed	ADJ
afs-53275	225	19	debate	debate	NOUN
afs-53275	225	20	on	on	ADP
afs-53275	225	21	policy	policy	NOUN
afs-53275	225	22	proposals	proposal	NOUN
afs-53275	225	23	with	with	ADP
afs-53275	225	24	stakeholders	stakeholder	NOUN
afs-53275	225	25	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	226	1	acknowledgement	acknowledgement	NOUN
afs-53275	226	2	this	this	DET
afs-53275	226	3	research	research	NOUN
afs-53275	226	4	was	be	AUX
afs-53275	226	5	funded	fund	VERB
afs-53275	226	6	by	by	ADP
afs-53275	226	7	ministry	ministry	PROPN
afs-53275	226	8	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	226	9	agriculture	agriculture	PROPN
afs-53275	226	10	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	226	11	forestry	forestry	NOUN
afs-53275	226	12	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	226	13	project	project	NOUN
afs-53275	226	14	:	:	PUNCT
afs-53275	226	15	ruokamarkkinoiden	ruokamarkkinoiden	PROPN
afs-53275	226	16	toimivuus	toimivuus	PROPN
afs-53275	226	17	ja	ja	PROPN
afs-53275	226	18	elintarvikemarkkinoiden	elintarvikemarkkinoiden	PROPN
afs-53275	226	19	hinnanmuodostus	hinnanmuodostus	PROPN
afs-53275	226	20	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	226	21	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	227	1	references	reference	NOUN
afs-53275	227	2	ben	ben	PROPN
afs-53275	227	3	-	-	PUNCT
afs-53275	227	4	kaabia	kaabia	PROPN
afs-53275	227	5	m.	m.	NOUN
afs-53275	227	6	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	227	7	gil	gil	PROPN
afs-53275	227	8	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	227	9	j.m	j.m	PROPN
afs-53275	227	10	.	.	PROPN
afs-53275	227	11	&	&	CCONJ
afs-53275	227	12	ameru	ameru	PROPN
afs-53275	227	13	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	227	14	m.	m.	NOUN
afs-53275	227	15	2005	2005	NUM
afs-53275	227	16	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	228	1	vertical	vertical	ADJ
afs-53275	228	2	integration	integration	NOUN
afs-53275	228	3	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	228	4	non	non	ADJ
afs-53275	228	5	-	-	ADJ
afs-53275	228	6	linear	linear	ADJ
afs-53275	228	7	price	price	NOUN
afs-53275	228	8	adjustments	adjustment	NOUN
afs-53275	228	9	:	:	PUNCT
afs-53275	228	10	the	the	DET
afs-53275	228	11	spanish	spanish	ADJ
afs-53275	228	12	poultry	poultry	NOUN
afs-53275	228	13	sector	sector	NOUN
afs-53275	228	14	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	229	1	agribusiness	agribusiness	NOUN
afs-53275	229	2	21	21	NUM
afs-53275	229	3	:	:	PUNCT
afs-53275	229	4	253–271	253–271	NUM
afs-53275	229	5	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	230	1	baumol	baumol	PROPN
afs-53275	230	2	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	230	3	w.j	w.j	PROPN
afs-53275	230	4	.	.	PROPN
afs-53275	230	5	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	230	6	panzar	panzar	PROPN
afs-53275	230	7	j.c	j.c	PROPN
afs-53275	230	8	.	.	PROPN
afs-53275	230	9	&	&	CCONJ
afs-53275	230	10	willig	willig	PROPN
afs-53275	230	11	r.d	r.d	PROPN
afs-53275	230	12	.	.	PROPN
afs-53275	230	13	1982	1982	NUM
afs-53275	230	14	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	231	1	contestable	contestable	ADJ
afs-53275	231	2	markets	market	NOUN
afs-53275	231	3	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	231	4	the	the	DET
afs-53275	231	5	theory	theory	NOUN
afs-53275	231	6	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	231	7	industry	industry	NOUN
afs-53275	231	8	structure	structure	NOUN
afs-53275	231	9	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	232	1	harcourt	harcourt	PROPN
afs-53275	232	2	brace	brace	PROPN
afs-53275	232	3	jovanovich	jovanovich	PROPN
afs-53275	232	4	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	232	5	inc	inc	PROPN
afs-53275	232	6	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	232	7	new	new	PROPN
afs-53275	232	8	york	york	PROPN
afs-53275	232	9	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	233	1	510p	510p	PROPN
afs-53275	233	2	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	234	1	bukeviciute	bukeviciute	PROPN
afs-53275	234	2	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	234	3	l.	l.	PROPN
afs-53275	234	4	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	234	5	dierx	dierx	NOUN
afs-53275	234	6	a.	a.	PROPN
afs-53275	234	7	&	&	CCONJ
afs-53275	234	8	ilzkovitz	ilzkovitz	PROPN
afs-53275	234	9	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	234	10	f.	f.	PROPN
afs-53275	234	11	2009	2009	NUM
afs-53275	234	12	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	235	1	the	the	DET
afs-53275	235	2	functioning	functioning	NOUN
afs-53275	235	3	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	235	4	the	the	DET
afs-53275	235	5	food	food	NOUN
afs-53275	235	6	supply	supply	NOUN
afs-53275	235	7	chain	chain	NOUN
afs-53275	235	8	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	235	9	its	its	PRON
afs-53275	235	10	effect	effect	NOUN
afs-53275	235	11	on	on	ADP
afs-53275	235	12	food	food	NOUN
afs-53275	235	13	prices	price	NOUN
afs-53275	235	14	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	235	15	the	the	DET
afs-53275	235	16	european	european	PROPN
afs-53275	235	17	union	union	PROPN
afs-53275	235	18	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	236	1	occasional	occasional	ADJ
afs-53275	236	2	papers	paper	NOUN
afs-53275	236	3	on	on	ADP
afs-53275	236	4	economic	economic	ADJ
afs-53275	236	5	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	236	6	financial	financial	ADJ
afs-53275	236	7	affairs	affair	NOUN
afs-53275	236	8	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	237	1	http://ec.europa.eu/economy_finance/publications	http://ec.europa.eu/economy_finance/publication	NOUN
afs-53275	237	2	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	238	1	doi	doi	NOUN
afs-53275	238	2	:	:	PUNCT
afs-53275	238	3	10.2765/43477	10.2765/43477	NUM
afs-53275	238	4	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	239	1	digal	digal	PROPN
afs-53275	239	2	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	239	3	l.	l.	PROPN
afs-53275	239	4	&	&	CCONJ
afs-53275	239	5	ahmadi	ahmadi	PROPN
afs-53275	239	6	-	-	PUNCT
afs-53275	239	7	esfahani	esfahani	PROPN
afs-53275	239	8	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	239	9	f.	f.	PROPN
afs-53275	239	10	2002	2002	NUM
afs-53275	239	11	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	240	1	market	market	NOUN
afs-53275	240	2	power	power	NOUN
afs-53275	240	3	analysis	analysis	NOUN
afs-53275	240	4	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	240	5	the	the	DET
afs-53275	240	6	retail	retail	ADJ
afs-53275	240	7	food	food	NOUN
afs-53275	240	8	industry	industry	NOUN
afs-53275	240	9	:	:	PUNCT
afs-53275	240	10	a	a	DET
afs-53275	240	11	survey	survey	NOUN
afs-53275	240	12	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	240	13	methods	method	NOUN
afs-53275	240	14	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	241	1	australian	australian	ADJ
afs-53275	241	2	journal	journal	NOUN
afs-53275	241	3	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	241	4	agricultural	agricultural	ADJ
afs-53275	241	5	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	241	6	resource	resource	NOUN
afs-53275	241	7	economics	economic	NOUN
afs-53275	241	8	46	46	NUM
afs-53275	241	9	:	:	PUNCT
afs-53275	241	10	559–584	559–584	NUM
afs-53275	241	11	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	242	1	dobson	dobson	PROPN
afs-53275	242	2	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	242	3	p.	p.	PROPN
afs-53275	242	4	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	242	5	waterson	waterson	PROPN
afs-53275	242	6	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	242	7	m.	m.	NOUN
afs-53275	242	8	&	&	CCONJ
afs-53275	242	9	davies	davy	NOUN
afs-53275	242	10	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	242	11	s.	s.	PROPN
afs-53275	242	12	2003	2003	NUM
afs-53275	242	13	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	243	1	the	the	DET
afs-53275	243	2	patterns	pattern	NOUN
afs-53275	243	3	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	243	4	implications	implication	NOUN
afs-53275	243	5	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	243	6	increasing	increase	VERB
afs-53275	243	7	concentration	concentration	NOUN
afs-53275	243	8	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	243	9	european	european	ADJ
afs-53275	243	10	food	food	NOUN
afs-53275	243	11	retailing	retailing	NOUN
afs-53275	243	12	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	244	1	journal	journal	NOUN
afs-53275	244	2	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	244	3	agricultural	agricultural	ADJ
afs-53275	244	4	economics	economic	NOUN
afs-53275	244	5	54	54	NUM
afs-53275	244	6	:	:	PUNCT
afs-53275	244	7	111–125	111–125	NUM
afs-53275	244	8	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	245	1	ec	ec	PROPN
afs-53275	245	2	2009	2009	NUM
afs-53275	245	3	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	246	1	competition	competition	NOUN
afs-53275	246	2	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	246	3	the	the	DET
afs-53275	246	4	food	food	NOUN
afs-53275	246	5	supply	supply	NOUN
afs-53275	246	6	chain	chain	NOUN
afs-53275	246	7	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	247	1	commission	commission	NOUN
afs-53275	247	2	staff	staff	NOUN
afs-53275	247	3	working	working	NOUN
afs-53275	247	4	document	document	NOUN
afs-53275	247	5	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	247	6	competition	competition	NOUN
afs-53275	247	7	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	247	8	the	the	DET
afs-53275	247	9	food	food	NOUN
afs-53275	247	10	supply	supply	NOUN
afs-53275	247	11	chain	chain	NOUN
afs-53275	247	12	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	247	13	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	247	14	28	28	NUM
afs-53275	247	15	october	october	PROPN
afs-53275	247	16	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	247	17	2009	2009	NUM
afs-53275	247	18	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	247	19	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	248	1	http://ec.europa.eu/economy_finance/publications/publication	http://ec.europa.eu/economy_finance/publications/publication	PROPN
afs-53275	248	2	16065_en.pdf	16065_en.pdf	PROPN
afs-53275	248	3	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	248	4	fabio	fabio	PROPN
afs-53275	248	5	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	248	6	a.m.	a.m.	ADV
afs-53275	248	7	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	248	8	roberto	roberto	PROPN
afs-53275	248	9	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	248	10	f.	f.	PROPN
afs-53275	248	11	&	&	CCONJ
afs-53275	248	12	pietro	pietro	PROPN
afs-53275	248	13	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	248	14	p.	p.	NOUN
afs-53275	248	15	2016	2016	NUM
afs-53275	248	16	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	249	1	the	the	DET
afs-53275	249	2	existence	existence	NOUN
afs-53275	249	3	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	249	4	buyer	buyer	NOUN
afs-53275	249	5	power	power	NOUN
afs-53275	249	6	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	249	7	the	the	DET
afs-53275	249	8	italian	italian	ADJ
afs-53275	249	9	fresh	fresh	ADJ
afs-53275	249	10	milk	milk	NOUN
afs-53275	249	11	supply	supply	NOUN
afs-53275	249	12	chain	chain	NOUN
afs-53275	249	13	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	250	1	british	british	ADJ
afs-53275	250	2	food	food	PROPN
afs-53275	250	3	journal	journal	PROPN
afs-53275	250	4	118	118	NUM
afs-53275	250	5	:	:	PUNCT
afs-53275	250	6	70–82	70–82	NUM
afs-53275	250	7	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	250	8	fgta	fgta	PROPN
afs-53275	250	9	2014	2014	NUM
afs-53275	250	10	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	251	1	finnish	finnish	ADJ
afs-53275	251	2	grocery	grocery	NOUN
afs-53275	251	3	trade	trade	PROPN
afs-53275	251	4	2014	2014	NUM
afs-53275	251	5	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	252	1	http://www.pty.fi/fileadmin/user_upload/tiedostot/julkaisut/vuosijulkaisut/en_2014	http://www.pty.fi/fileadmin/user_upload/tiedostot/julkaisut/vuosijulkaisut/en_2014	PROPN
afs-53275	252	2	_	_	PUNCT
afs-53275	252	3	vuosijulkaisu.pdf	vuosijulkaisu.pdf	X
afs-53275	252	4	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	252	5	gardner	gardner	PROPN
afs-53275	252	6	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	252	7	b.	b.	PROPN
afs-53275	252	8	1975	1975	NUM
afs-53275	252	9	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	253	1	the	the	DET
afs-53275	253	2	farm	farm	NOUN
afs-53275	253	3	-	-	PUNCT
afs-53275	253	4	retail	retail	NOUN
afs-53275	253	5	price	price	NOUN
afs-53275	253	6	spread	spread	VERB
afs-53275	253	7	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	253	8	a	a	DET
afs-53275	253	9	competitive	competitive	ADJ
afs-53275	253	10	food	food	NOUN
afs-53275	253	11	industry	industry	NOUN
afs-53275	253	12	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	254	1	american	american	PROPN
afs-53275	254	2	journal	journal	PROPN
afs-53275	254	3	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	254	4	agricultural	agricultural	ADJ
afs-53275	254	5	economics	economic	NOUN
afs-53275	254	6	57	57	NUM
afs-53275	254	7	:	:	PUNCT
afs-53275	254	8	399–409	399–409	NUM
afs-53275	254	9	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	255	1	goodwin	goodwin	PROPN
afs-53275	255	2	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	255	3	b.k	b.k	PROPN
afs-53275	255	4	.	.	PROPN
afs-53275	255	5	&	&	CCONJ
afs-53275	255	6	schroeder	schroeder	PROPN
afs-53275	255	7	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	255	8	t.c	t.c	PROPN
afs-53275	255	9	.	.	PROPN
afs-53275	255	10	1991	1991	NUM
afs-53275	255	11	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	256	1	cointegration	cointegration	NOUN
afs-53275	256	2	tests	test	NOUN
afs-53275	256	3	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	256	4	spatial	spatial	ADJ
afs-53275	256	5	price	price	NOUN
afs-53275	256	6	linkages	linkage	NOUN
afs-53275	256	7	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	256	8	regional	regional	ADJ
afs-53275	256	9	cattle	cattle	NOUN
afs-53275	256	10	markets	market	NOUN
afs-53275	256	11	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	257	1	american	american	ADJ
afs-53275	257	2	journal	journal	PROPN
afs-53275	257	3	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	257	4	agricultural	agricultural	ADJ
afs-53275	257	5	economics	economic	NOUN
afs-53275	257	6	73	73	NUM
afs-53275	257	7	:	:	PUNCT
afs-53275	257	8	452–464	452–464	NUM
afs-53275	257	9	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	257	10	table	table	NOUN
afs-53275	257	11	5	5	NUM
afs-53275	257	12	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	257	13	test	test	NOUN
afs-53275	257	14	results	result	NOUN
afs-53275	257	15	for	for	ADP
afs-53275	257	16	competition	competition	NOUN
afs-53275	257	17	hypotheses	hypothesis	NOUN
afs-53275	257	18	values	value	NOUN
afs-53275	257	19	h0	h0	NOUN
afs-53275	257	20	:	:	PUNCT
afs-53275	257	21	2β	2β	NUM
afs-53275	257	22	=	=	NOUN
afs-53275	257	23	0	0	NUM
afs-53275	257	24	8.24[0.002	8.24[0.002	NOUN
afs-53275	257	25	]	]	PUNCT
afs-53275	257	26	h0	h0	PROPN
afs-53275	257	27	:	:	PUNCT
afs-53275	257	28	3β	3β	NUM
afs-53275	257	29	=	=	SYM
afs-53275	257	30	0	0	SYM
afs-53275	257	31	0.96[0.33	0.96[0.33	NUM
afs-53275	257	32	]	]	PUNCT
afs-53275	257	33	h0	h0	PROPN
afs-53275	257	34	:	:	PUNCT
afs-53275	257	35	032	032	NUM
afs-53275	258	1	=	=	X
afs-53275	258	2	=	=	SYM
afs-53275	258	3	ββ	ββ	NOUN
afs-53275	258	4	8.72[0.00	8.72[0.00	NUM
afs-53275	258	5	]	]	PUNCT
afs-53275	258	6	figures	figure	NOUN
afs-53275	258	7	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	258	8	brackets	bracket	NOUN
afs-53275	258	9	are	be	AUX
afs-53275	258	10	p	p	NOUN
afs-53275	258	11	-	-	PUNCT
afs-53275	258	12	values	value	NOUN
afs-53275	258	13	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	259	1	agricultural	agricultural	ADJ
afs-53275	259	2	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	259	3	food	food	NOUN
afs-53275	259	4	science	science	PROPN
afs-53275	259	5	j.	j.	PROPN
afs-53275	259	6	niemi	niemi	PROPN
afs-53275	259	7	&	&	CCONJ
afs-53275	259	8	x.	x.	PROPN
afs-53275	259	9	liu	liu	PROPN
afs-53275	259	10	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	259	11	2016	2016	NUM
afs-53275	259	12	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	259	13	25	25	NUM
afs-53275	259	14	:	:	PUNCT
afs-53275	259	15	177–186	177–186	NUM
afs-53275	259	16	186	186	NUM
afs-53275	259	17	götz	götz	NOUN
afs-53275	259	18	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	259	19	l.	l.	PROPN
afs-53275	259	20	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	259	21	von	von	PROPN
afs-53275	259	22	cramon	cramon	PROPN
afs-53275	259	23	-	-	PUNCT
afs-53275	259	24	taubadel	taubadel	PROPN
afs-53275	259	25	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	259	26	s.	s.	PROPN
afs-53275	259	27	&	&	CCONJ
afs-53275	259	28	kachel	kachel	PROPN
afs-53275	259	29	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	259	30	y.	y.	PROPN
afs-53275	259	31	2014	2014	NUM
afs-53275	259	32	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	260	1	vertical	vertical	ADJ
afs-53275	260	2	price	price	NOUN
afs-53275	260	3	transmission	transmission	NOUN
afs-53275	260	4	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	260	5	the	the	DET
afs-53275	260	6	international	international	ADJ
afs-53275	260	7	fresh	fresh	ADJ
afs-53275	260	8	fruitand	fruitand	NOUN
afs-53275	260	9	vegetable	vegetable	NOUN
afs-53275	260	10	supply	supply	NOUN
afs-53275	260	11	chain	chain	NOUN
afs-53275	260	12	:	:	PUNCT
afs-53275	260	13	israeli	israeli	ADJ
afs-53275	260	14	grapefruit	grapefruit	NOUN
afs-53275	260	15	exports	export	NOUN
afs-53275	260	16	to	to	ADP
afs-53275	260	17	the	the	DET
afs-53275	260	18	eu	eu	PROPN
afs-53275	260	19	after	after	ADP
afs-53275	260	20	export	export	NOUN
afs-53275	260	21	liberalisation	liberalisation	NOUN
afs-53275	260	22	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	261	1	quarterly	quarterly	ADJ
afs-53275	261	2	journal	journal	NOUN
afs-53275	261	3	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	261	4	international	international	ADJ
afs-53275	261	5	agriculture	agriculture	NOUN
afs-53275	261	6	53	53	NUM
afs-53275	262	1	:	:	PUNCT
afs-53275	262	2	99–120	99–120	NUM
afs-53275	262	3	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	262	4	holloway	holloway	PROPN
afs-53275	262	5	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	262	6	g.j	g.j	PROPN
afs-53275	262	7	.	.	PROPN
afs-53275	262	8	1991	1991	NUM
afs-53275	262	9	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	263	1	the	the	DET
afs-53275	263	2	farm	farm	NOUN
afs-53275	263	3	-	-	PUNCT
afs-53275	263	4	retail	retail	NOUN
afs-53275	263	5	price	price	NOUN
afs-53275	263	6	spread	spread	VERB
afs-53275	263	7	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	263	8	an	an	DET
afs-53275	263	9	imperfectly	imperfectly	ADV
afs-53275	263	10	competitive	competitive	ADJ
afs-53275	263	11	food	food	NOUN
afs-53275	263	12	industry	industry	NOUN
afs-53275	263	13	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	264	1	american	american	PROPN
afs-53275	264	2	journal	journal	PROPN
afs-53275	264	3	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	264	4	agricultural	agricultural	ADJ
afs-53275	264	5	economics	economic	NOUN
afs-53275	264	6	73	73	NUM
afs-53275	264	7	:	:	PUNCT
afs-53275	265	1	979–989	979–989	NUM
afs-53275	265	2	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	266	1	juselius	juselius	PROPN
afs-53275	266	2	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	266	3	k.	k.	NOUN
afs-53275	266	4	1998	1998	NUM
afs-53275	266	5	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	267	1	changing	change	VERB
afs-53275	267	2	monetary	monetary	ADJ
afs-53275	267	3	transmission	transmission	NOUN
afs-53275	267	4	mechanisms	mechanism	NOUN
afs-53275	267	5	within	within	ADP
afs-53275	267	6	the	the	DET
afs-53275	267	7	eu	eu	PROPN
afs-53275	267	8	.	.	PROPN
afs-53275	267	9	empirical	empirical	ADJ
afs-53275	267	10	economics	economic	NOUN
afs-53275	267	11	23	23	NUM
afs-53275	267	12	:	:	PUNCT
afs-53275	268	1	455–481	455–481	NUM
afs-53275	268	2	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	268	3	juselius	juselius	PROPN
afs-53275	268	4	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	268	5	k.	k.	PROPN
afs-53275	268	6	2006	2006	NUM
afs-53275	268	7	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	269	1	the	the	DET
afs-53275	269	2	cointegrated	cointegrate	VERB
afs-53275	269	3	var	var	NOUN
afs-53275	269	4	approach	approach	NOUN
afs-53275	269	5	:	:	PUNCT
afs-53275	269	6	methodology	methodology	NOUN
afs-53275	269	7	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	269	8	applications	application	NOUN
afs-53275	269	9	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	270	1	advanced	advanced	ADJ
afs-53275	270	2	texts	text	NOUN
afs-53275	270	3	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	270	4	econometrics	econometric	NOUN
afs-53275	270	5	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	271	1	oxford	oxford	PROPN
afs-53275	271	2	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	271	3	oxford	oxford	PROPN
afs-53275	271	4	university	university	PROPN
afs-53275	271	5	press	press	NOUN
afs-53275	271	6	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	272	1	457	457	NUM
afs-53275	272	2	p.	p.	NOUN
afs-53275	272	3	koistinen	koistinen	PROPN
afs-53275	272	4	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	272	5	k.	k.	PROPN
afs-53275	272	6	&	&	CCONJ
afs-53275	272	7	vesala	vesala	PROPN
afs-53275	272	8	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	272	9	t.	t.	PROPN
afs-53275	272	10	2006	2006	NUM
afs-53275	272	11	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	273	1	päivittäistavarakaupan	päivittäistavarakaupan	PROPN
afs-53275	273	2	rakennemuutos	rakennemuutos	NOUN
afs-53275	273	3	suomen	suomen	PROPN
afs-53275	273	4	keskeisillä	keskeisillä	PROPN
afs-53275	273	5	kaupunkiseuduilla	kaupunkiseuduilla	PROPN
afs-53275	273	6	1995	1995	NUM
afs-53275	273	7	-	-	SYM
afs-53275	273	8	2003	2003	NUM
afs-53275	273	9	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	273	10	structural	structural	ADJ
afs-53275	273	11	change	change	NOUN
afs-53275	273	12	within	within	ADP
afs-53275	273	13	grocery	grocery	NOUN
afs-53275	273	14	retailing	retailing	NOUN
afs-53275	273	15	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	273	16	prominent	prominent	ADJ
afs-53275	273	17	finnish	finnish	ADJ
afs-53275	273	18	urban	urban	ADJ
afs-53275	273	19	areas	area	NOUN
afs-53275	273	20	1995	1995	NUM
afs-53275	273	21	-	-	SYM
afs-53275	273	22	2003	2003	NUM
afs-53275	273	23	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	273	24	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	274	1	national	national	ADJ
afs-53275	274	2	consumer	consumer	NOUN
afs-53275	274	3	research	research	NOUN
afs-53275	274	4	centre	centre	NOUN
afs-53275	274	5	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	274	6	publications	publication	NOUN
afs-53275	274	7	6:2006	6:2006	NUM
afs-53275	274	8	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	275	1	helsinki	helsinki	PROPN
afs-53275	275	2	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	276	1	79	79	NUM
afs-53275	276	2	p.	p.	NOUN
afs-53275	276	3	kronqvist	kronqvist	NOUN
afs-53275	276	4	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	276	5	t.	t.	PROPN
afs-53275	276	6	2010	2010	NUM
afs-53275	276	7	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	277	1	consumer	consumer	NOUN
afs-53275	277	2	-	-	PUNCT
afs-53275	277	3	owned	own	VERB
afs-53275	277	4	retail	retail	ADJ
afs-53275	277	5	co	co	NOUN
afs-53275	277	6	-	-	NOUN
afs-53275	277	7	operative	operative	ADJ
afs-53275	277	8	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	277	9	duopoly	duopoly	ADJ
afs-53275	277	10	with	with	ADP
afs-53275	277	11	horizontally	horizontally	ADV
afs-53275	277	12	differentiated	differentiate	VERB
afs-53275	277	13	goods	good	NOUN
afs-53275	277	14	:	:	PUNCT
afs-53275	277	15	a	a	DET
afs-53275	277	16	finnish	finnish	ADJ
afs-53275	277	17	experience	experience	NOUN
afs-53275	277	18	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	278	1	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	278	2	phd	phd	NOUN
afs-53275	278	3	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	279	1	thesis	thesis	NOUN
afs-53275	279	2	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	279	3	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	280	1	department	department	NOUN
afs-53275	280	2	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	280	3	economics	economics	PROPN
afs-53275	280	4	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	280	5	helsinki	helsinki	PROPN
afs-53275	280	6	school	school	PROPN
afs-53275	280	7	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	280	8	economics	economic	NOUN
afs-53275	280	9	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	281	1	117	117	NUM
afs-53275	281	2	p.	p.	PROPN
afs-53275	281	3	kuosmanen	kuosmanen	NOUN
afs-53275	281	4	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	281	5	t.	t.	PROPN
afs-53275	281	6	&	&	CCONJ
afs-53275	281	7	niemi	niemi	PROPN
afs-53275	281	8	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	281	9	j.	j.	PROPN
afs-53275	281	10	2009	2009	NUM
afs-53275	281	11	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	282	1	what	what	PRON
afs-53275	282	2	explains	explain	VERB
afs-53275	282	3	the	the	DET
afs-53275	282	4	widening	widen	VERB
afs-53275	282	5	gap	gap	NOUN
afs-53275	282	6	between	between	ADP
afs-53275	282	7	the	the	DET
afs-53275	282	8	retail	retail	ADJ
afs-53275	282	9	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	282	10	producer	producer	NOUN
afs-53275	282	11	prices	price	NOUN
afs-53275	282	12	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	282	13	food	food	NOUN
afs-53275	282	14	?	?	PUNCT
afs-53275	283	1	journal	journal	NOUN
afs-53275	283	2	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	283	3	agricultural	agricultural	ADJ
afs-53275	283	4	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	283	5	food	food	NOUN
afs-53275	283	6	science	science	NOUN
afs-53275	283	7	18	18	NUM
afs-53275	283	8	:	:	PUNCT
afs-53275	283	9	317–331	317–331	NUM
afs-53275	283	10	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	284	1	kwiatkowski	kwiatkowski	PROPN
afs-53275	284	2	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	284	3	d.	d.	PROPN
afs-53275	284	4	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	284	5	phillips	phillips	PROPN
afs-53275	284	6	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	284	7	p.c.b	p.c.b	NOUN
afs-53275	284	8	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	284	9	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	284	10	schimidt	schimidt	VERB
afs-53275	284	11	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	284	12	p.	p.	PROPN
afs-53275	284	13	&	&	CCONJ
afs-53275	284	14	shin	shin	PROPN
afs-53275	284	15	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	284	16	y.	y.	PROPN
afs-53275	284	17	1992	1992	NUM
afs-53275	284	18	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	285	1	testing	test	VERB
afs-53275	285	2	the	the	DET
afs-53275	285	3	null	null	ADJ
afs-53275	285	4	hypothesis	hypothesis	NOUN
afs-53275	285	5	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	285	6	stationarity	stationarity	NOUN
afs-53275	285	7	against	against	ADP
afs-53275	285	8	the	the	DET
afs-53275	285	9	alternative	alternative	NOUN
afs-53275	285	10	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	285	11	a	a	DET
afs-53275	285	12	unit	unit	NOUN
afs-53275	285	13	root	root	NOUN
afs-53275	285	14	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	286	1	how	how	SCONJ
afs-53275	286	2	sure	sure	ADV
afs-53275	286	3	are	be	AUX
afs-53275	286	4	we	we	PRON
afs-53275	286	5	that	that	SCONJ
afs-53275	286	6	economic	economic	ADJ
afs-53275	286	7	time	time	NOUN
afs-53275	286	8	series	series	PROPN
afs-53275	286	9	have	have	VERB
afs-53275	286	10	a	a	DET
afs-53275	286	11	unit	unit	NOUN
afs-53275	286	12	root	root	NOUN
afs-53275	286	13	?	?	PUNCT
afs-53275	287	1	journal	journal	NOUN
afs-53275	287	2	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	287	3	econometrics	econometrics	NOUN
afs-53275	287	4	54	54	NUM
afs-53275	287	5	:	:	SYM
afs-53275	287	6	159–178	159–178	NUM
afs-53275	287	7	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	288	1	lakuma	lakuma	PROPN
afs-53275	288	2	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	288	3	c.e.p	c.e.p	PROPN
afs-53275	288	4	.	.	PROPN
afs-53275	288	5	2013	2013	NUM
afs-53275	288	6	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	289	1	testing	testing	NOUN
afs-53275	289	2	cointegration	cointegration	NOUN
afs-53275	289	3	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	289	4	market	market	NOUN
afs-53275	289	5	power	power	NOUN
afs-53275	289	6	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	289	7	the	the	DET
afs-53275	289	8	american	american	ADJ
afs-53275	289	9	crude	crude	ADJ
afs-53275	289	10	oil	oil	NOUN
afs-53275	289	11	industry	industry	NOUN
afs-53275	289	12	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	290	1	international	international	ADJ
afs-53275	290	2	journal	journal	PROPN
afs-53275	290	3	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	290	4	economics	economic	NOUN
afs-53275	290	5	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	290	6	finance	finance	NOUN
afs-53275	290	7	5	5	NUM
afs-53275	290	8	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	290	9	12	12	NUM
afs-53275	290	10	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	290	11	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	291	1	doi:10.5539	doi:10.5539	PROPN
afs-53275	291	2	/	/	SYM
afs-53275	291	3	ijef.v5n12p163	ijef.v5n12p163	PROPN
afs-53275	291	4	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	292	1	lloyd	lloyd	PROPN
afs-53275	292	2	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	292	3	t.	t.	PROPN
afs-53275	292	4	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	292	5	mccorriston	mccorriston	NOUN
afs-53275	292	6	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	292	7	s.	s.	PROPN
afs-53275	292	8	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	292	9	morgan	morgan	PROPN
afs-53275	292	10	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	292	11	w.	w.	PROPN
afs-53275	292	12	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	292	13	rayner	rayner	PROPN
afs-53275	292	14	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	292	15	a.	a.	PROPN
afs-53275	292	16	&	&	CCONJ
afs-53275	292	17	weldegebriel	weldegebriel	PROPN
afs-53275	292	18	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	292	19	h.	h.	PROPN
afs-53275	292	20	2009	2009	NUM
afs-53275	292	21	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	293	1	buyer	buyer	NOUN
afs-53275	293	2	power	power	NOUN
afs-53275	293	3	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	293	4	u.k	u.k	PROPN
afs-53275	293	5	.	.	PROPN
afs-53275	293	6	food	food	NOUN
afs-53275	293	7	retailing	retailing	NOUN
afs-53275	293	8	:	:	PUNCT
afs-53275	293	9	a	a	DET
afs-53275	293	10	‘	'	PUNCT
afs-53275	293	11	first	first	ADJ
afs-53275	293	12	-	-	PUNCT
afs-53275	293	13	pass	pass	NOUN
afs-53275	293	14	’	'	PUNCT
afs-53275	293	15	test	test	NOUN
afs-53275	293	16	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	294	1	journal	journal	NOUN
afs-53275	294	2	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	294	3	agricultural	agricultural	PROPN
afs-53275	294	4	&	&	CCONJ
afs-53275	294	5	food	food	PROPN
afs-53275	294	6	industrial	industrial	PROPN
afs-53275	294	7	organization	organization	NOUN
afs-53275	294	8	7	7	NUM
afs-53275	294	9	:	:	SYM
afs-53275	294	10	1–37	1–37	NUM
afs-53275	294	11	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	295	1	mccorriston	mccorriston	NOUN
afs-53275	295	2	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	295	3	s.	s.	PROPN
afs-53275	295	4	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	295	5	morgan	morgan	PROPN
afs-53275	295	6	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	295	7	c.w	c.w	PROPN
afs-53275	295	8	.	.	PROPN
afs-53275	295	9	&	&	CCONJ
afs-53275	295	10	rayner	rayner	PROPN
afs-53275	295	11	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	295	12	a.j	a.j	PROPN
afs-53275	295	13	.	.	PROPN
afs-53275	295	14	2001	2001	NUM
afs-53275	295	15	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	296	1	price	price	NOUN
afs-53275	296	2	transmission	transmission	NOUN
afs-53275	296	3	:	:	PUNCT
afs-53275	296	4	the	the	DET
afs-53275	296	5	interaction	interaction	NOUN
afs-53275	296	6	between	between	ADP
afs-53275	296	7	market	market	NOUN
afs-53275	296	8	power	power	NOUN
afs-53275	296	9	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	296	10	returns	return	NOUN
afs-53275	296	11	to	to	PART
afs-53275	296	12	scale	scale	VERB
afs-53275	296	13	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	297	1	european	european	PROPN
afs-53275	297	2	review	review	PROPN
afs-53275	297	3	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	297	4	agricultural	agricultural	ADJ
afs-53275	297	5	economics	economic	NOUN
afs-53275	297	6	28	28	NUM
afs-53275	297	7	:	:	PUNCT
afs-53275	297	8	143–159	143–159	NUM
afs-53275	297	9	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	297	10	niemi	niemi	PROPN
afs-53275	297	11	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	297	12	j.	j.	PROPN
afs-53275	297	13	&	&	CCONJ
afs-53275	297	14	ahlstedt	ahlstedt	PROPN
afs-53275	297	15	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	297	16	j.	j.	PROPN
afs-53275	297	17	2015	2015	NUM
afs-53275	297	18	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	298	1	finnish	finnish	ADJ
afs-53275	298	2	agriculture	agriculture	NOUN
afs-53275	298	3	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	298	4	rural	rural	ADJ
afs-53275	298	5	industries	industry	NOUN
afs-53275	298	6	2015	2015	NUM
afs-53275	298	7	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	299	1	natural	natural	ADJ
afs-53275	299	2	resources	resource	NOUN
afs-53275	299	3	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	299	4	bioeconomy	bioeconomy	NOUN
afs-53275	299	5	studies	study	NOUN
afs-53275	299	6	26/2015	26/2015	NUM
afs-53275	299	7	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	299	8	natural	natural	ADJ
afs-53275	299	9	resources	resource	NOUN
afs-53275	299	10	institute	institute	PROPN
afs-53275	299	11	finland	finland	PROPN
afs-53275	299	12	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	299	13	helsinki	helsinki	PROPN
afs-53275	299	14	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	300	1	90	90	NUM
afs-53275	300	2	p.	p.	NOUN
afs-53275	300	3	oecd	oecd	PROPN
afs-53275	300	4	1981	1981	NUM
afs-53275	300	5	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	301	1	buying	buy	VERB
afs-53275	301	2	power	power	NOUN
afs-53275	301	3	:	:	PUNCT
afs-53275	301	4	the	the	DET
afs-53275	301	5	exercise	exercise	NOUN
afs-53275	301	6	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	301	7	market	market	NOUN
afs-53275	301	8	power	power	NOUN
afs-53275	301	9	by	by	ADP
afs-53275	301	10	dominant	dominant	ADJ
afs-53275	301	11	buyers	buyer	NOUN
afs-53275	301	12	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	302	1	report	report	NOUN
afs-53275	302	2	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	302	3	committee	committee	NOUN
afs-53275	302	4	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	302	5	experts	expert	NOUN
afs-53275	302	6	on	on	ADP
afs-53275	302	7	restrictive	restrictive	ADJ
afs-53275	302	8	practices	practice	NOUN
afs-53275	302	9	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	303	1	oecd	oecd	PROPN
afs-53275	303	2	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	303	3	paris	paris	PROPN
afs-53275	303	4	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	304	1	178	178	NUM
afs-53275	304	2	p.	p.	PROPN
afs-53275	304	3	sexton	sexton	PROPN
afs-53275	304	4	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	304	5	r.	r.	PROPN
afs-53275	304	6	&	&	CCONJ
afs-53275	304	7	lavoie	lavoie	PROPN
afs-53275	304	8	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	304	9	n.	n.	PROPN
afs-53275	304	10	2001	2001	NUM
afs-53275	304	11	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	305	1	food	food	NOUN
afs-53275	305	2	processing	processing	NOUN
afs-53275	305	3	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	305	4	distribution	distribution	NOUN
afs-53275	305	5	:	:	PUNCT
afs-53275	305	6	an	an	DET
afs-53275	305	7	industrial	industrial	ADJ
afs-53275	305	8	organization	organization	NOUN
afs-53275	305	9	approach	approach	NOUN
afs-53275	305	10	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	306	1	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	306	2	:	:	PUNCT
afs-53275	306	3	gardner	gardner	NOUN
afs-53275	306	4	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	306	5	b.	b.	PROPN
afs-53275	306	6	&	&	CCONJ
afs-53275	306	7	rausser	rausser	PROPN
afs-53275	306	8	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	306	9	g.	g.	PROPN
afs-53275	306	10	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	306	11	eds	eds	PROPN
afs-53275	306	12	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	306	13	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	306	14	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	307	1	handbook	handbook	NOUN
afs-53275	307	2	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	307	3	agricultural	agricultural	ADJ
afs-53275	307	4	economics	economic	NOUN
afs-53275	307	5	vol	vol	NOUN
afs-53275	307	6	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	307	7	1b	1b	NUM
afs-53275	307	8	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	308	1	amsterdam	amsterdam	PROPN
afs-53275	308	2	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	308	3	north	north	NOUN
afs-53275	308	4	holland	holland	PROPN
afs-53275	308	5	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	309	1	p.	p.	NOUN
afs-53275	309	2	864–932	864–932	NUM
afs-53275	309	3	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	310	1	swinnen	swinnen	PROPN
afs-53275	310	2	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	310	3	j.	j.	PROPN
afs-53275	310	4	&	&	CCONJ
afs-53275	310	5	vandeplas	vandeplas	PROPN
afs-53275	310	6	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	310	7	a.	a.	NOUN
afs-53275	310	8	2010	2010	NUM
afs-53275	310	9	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	311	1	market	market	NOUN
afs-53275	311	2	power	power	NOUN
afs-53275	311	3	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	311	4	rents	rent	NOUN
afs-53275	311	5	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	311	6	global	global	ADJ
afs-53275	311	7	supply	supply	NOUN
afs-53275	311	8	chains	chain	NOUN
afs-53275	311	9	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	312	1	agricultural	agricultural	ADJ
afs-53275	312	2	economics	economic	NOUN
afs-53275	312	3	41	41	NUM
afs-53275	312	4	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	312	5	s1	s1	NOUN
afs-53275	312	6	):	):	PUNCT
afs-53275	312	7	109–120	109–120	NUM
afs-53275	312	8	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	313	1	von	von	PROPN
afs-53275	313	2	cramon	cramon	PROPN
afs-53275	313	3	-	-	PUNCT
afs-53275	313	4	taubadel	taubadel	PROPN
afs-53275	313	5	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	313	6	s.	s.	PROPN
afs-53275	313	7	1998	1998	NUM
afs-53275	313	8	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	314	1	estimating	estimate	VERB
afs-53275	314	2	asymmetric	asymmetric	ADJ
afs-53275	314	3	price	price	NOUN
afs-53275	314	4	transmission	transmission	NOUN
afs-53275	314	5	with	with	ADP
afs-53275	314	6	the	the	DET
afs-53275	314	7	error	error	NOUN
afs-53275	314	8	correction	correction	NOUN
afs-53275	314	9	representation	representation	NOUN
afs-53275	314	10	:	:	PUNCT
afs-53275	314	11	an	an	DET
afs-53275	314	12	application	application	NOUN
afs-53275	314	13	to	to	ADP
afs-53275	314	14	the	the	DET
afs-53275	314	15	german	german	ADJ
afs-53275	314	16	pork	pork	NOUN
afs-53275	314	17	mark	mark	NOUN
afs-53275	314	18	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	315	1	european	european	PROPN
afs-53275	315	2	review	review	PROPN
afs-53275	315	3	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	315	4	agricultural	agricultural	ADJ
afs-53275	315	5	economics	economic	NOUN
afs-53275	315	6	25	25	NUM
afs-53275	315	7	:	:	PUNCT
afs-53275	315	8	1–18	1–18	NUM
afs-53275	315	9	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	316	1	wohlgenant	wohlgenant	NOUN
afs-53275	316	2	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	316	3	m.	m.	NOUN
afs-53275	316	4	2001	2001	NUM
afs-53275	316	5	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	317	1	marketing	marketing	NOUN
afs-53275	317	2	margins	margin	NOUN
afs-53275	317	3	:	:	PUNCT
afs-53275	317	4	empirical	empirical	ADJ
afs-53275	317	5	analysis	analysis	NOUN
afs-53275	317	6	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	318	1	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	318	2	:	:	PUNCT
afs-53275	318	3	gardner	gardner	PROPN
afs-53275	318	4	b.	b.	PROPN
afs-53275	318	5	&	&	CCONJ
afs-53275	318	6	rausser	rausser	PROPN
afs-53275	318	7	g.	g.	PROPN
afs-53275	318	8	(	(	PUNCT
afs-53275	318	9	eds	eds	PROPN
afs-53275	318	10	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	318	11	)	)	PUNCT
afs-53275	318	12	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	319	1	handbook	handbook	NOUN
afs-53275	319	2	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	319	3	agricultural	agricultural	ADJ
afs-53275	319	4	economics	economic	NOUN
afs-53275	319	5	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	319	6	vol	vol	NOUN
afs-53275	319	7	.	.	PROPN
afs-53275	319	8	1b	1b	NUM
afs-53275	319	9	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	320	1	amsterdam	amsterdam	PROPN
afs-53275	320	2	,	,	PUNCT
afs-53275	320	3	north	north	NOUN
afs-53275	320	4	holland	holland	PROPN
afs-53275	320	5	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	321	1	p.	p.	NOUN
afs-53275	321	2	933–970	933–970	NUM
afs-53275	321	3	.	.	PUNCT
afs-53275	322	1	empirical	empirical	ADJ
afs-53275	322	2	“	"	PUNCT
afs-53275	322	3	first	first	ADJ
afs-53275	322	4	-	-	PUNCT
afs-53275	322	5	filter	filter	NOUN
afs-53275	322	6	”	"	PUNCT
afs-53275	322	7	test	test	NOUN
afs-53275	322	8	for	for	ADP
afs-53275	322	9	the	the	DET
afs-53275	322	10	existence	existence	NOUN
afs-53275	322	11	of	of	ADP
afs-53275	322	12	buyer	buyer	NOUN
afs-53275	322	13	power	power	NOUN
afs-53275	322	14	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	322	15	thefinnish	thefinnish	ADJ
afs-53275	322	16	food	food	NOUN
afs-53275	322	17	supply	supply	NOUN
afs-53275	322	18	chain	chain	NOUN
afs-53275	322	19	introduction	introduction	NOUN
afs-53275	322	20	material	material	NOUN
afs-53275	322	21	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	322	22	methods	method	NOUN
afs-53275	322	23	recent	recent	ADJ
afs-53275	322	24	trends	trend	NOUN
afs-53275	322	25	in	in	ADP
afs-53275	322	26	finnish	finnish	ADJ
afs-53275	322	27	food	food	NOUN
afs-53275	322	28	retailing	retailing	NOUN
afs-53275	322	29	theoretical	theoretical	ADJ
afs-53275	322	30	model	model	NOUN
afs-53275	322	31	and	and	CCONJ
afs-53275	322	32	empirical	empirical	ADJ
afs-53275	322	33	implementation	implementation	NOUN
afs-53275	322	34	data	datum	NOUN
afs-53275	322	35	results	result	VERB
afs-53275	322	36	discussion	discussion	NOUN
afs-53275	322	37	acknowledgement	acknowledgement	NOUN
afs-53275	322	38	references	reference	VERB