JOURNAL OF THE SCIENTIFIC AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY OF FINLAND Maataloustieteellinen A ikakauskirja 45 Vol. 52:45-49. 1980 Nutritive value of rapeseed meal from two Brassica campestris varieties for growing pigs Maija-Liisa Salo Department of Animal Husbandry, University of Helsinki, 00710 Helsinki 71 Abstract. The digestibility and nutritive value of two rapeseed meals (Brassica campestris) , one prepared from the mediurn-glucosinolate varieties Span and Torch, and the other from a low-glucosinolate variety Candle, were determined for three pigs weighing about 45 kg. The pigs received 1 600 g barley and 600 g rapeseed meal daily. The composition of the Candle meal was better than that of Span-Torch and its digestibility and nutritive value higher (P < 0.01). When the fat content of Candle meal was corrected to the 1.5 % level of Span-Torch meal, the ME values were 13.6 and 10.4 MJ/kg DM, the NE values 1.01 and 0.78 FU/kg DM (FU = 0.7 kg starch), and the DCP values 318 and 248 g DCP/kg DM for Candle and Span-Torch, respectively (P < 0.01). The difference in the nitrogen balance was also significant (P < 0.01). Thus the Candle meal has about 30 % higher nutritive value for pigs than the Span- Torch meal. Introduction In the new rape varieties the content of glucosinolates has been reduced by breeding to almost one tenth of the original value, making possible increased levels of rapeseed meal in livestock rations. Nevertheless, not even a low- glucosinolate rapeseed meal has been found equal to soybean meal for growing pigs (Castell 1977, Kendall 1977, McKinnon and Bowland 1977, Kennelly et al. 1978) or laying hens (Slinger et al. 1978) when fed in high concentrations. The present recommendations for growing pigs are 10—14% of the ration (Sarwar and Bowland 1976, Alaviuhkola 1979). For ruminants, on the other hand, good results have been reported even at 25—3O % level of the concentrate (Bush et al. 1978, Papas et al. 1978, Syrjälä and Nieminen 1979), and for turkeys up to 30 % of the diet (Salmon 1979). In the present study the digestibility and nutritive value of two rapeseed meals (Brassica campestris), one prepared from the low-glucosinolate Candle, the other from a mixture of mediurn-glucosinolate varieties. Span and Torch, were determined with three pigs, weighing about 45 kg. https://www.c-info.fi/en/info/?token=zEZsOfGePdwEd_fi.IUxKzeARpOP3ZPxWUKs2-Q.kzdqc-SNMOVdkRwifV14BzersX96q0x09EqHvc-c8hpL4gmmGSABQoZbfJndfw6QKKcTuYRhcZMCxOxiioxrXu-ABcczUcL2CMxbS0oBosNeV8mEG_K-y9V5l3efr1Qmgq771mUuwipCxl3-6l63QObd-C8kz9nBkMNX22y6 46 Materials and methods The two investigated rapeseed meals were a domestic mixture of medium- glucosinolate Span and Torch varieties and the low-glucosinolate Candle meal imported from Canada. Table 1 shows their compositions. The digestibility trials were performed for three castrated pigs weighing about 45 kg. The pigs were kept in digestibility cages in a room maintained at about 20° C. Table 1. Composition of rapeseed meals, % of DM. Span-Torch Candle Crude protein 36.8 39.4 Crude fat 1.5 5.0 Crude fibre 15.7 10.9 Ash 11.2 7.2 NFE 34.8 37.5 Glucosinolates 2.1 0.4 Tannins 1.5 1.7 The daily ration consisted of 1 600 g barley meal and 600 g rapeseed meal, plus added minerals and vitamins according to standards. The animals were fed twice daily. The different components were weighed separately and mixed with two volumes of water. The pigs ate the ration immediately and were then offered water. The preliminary period was ten days and the collection period five days. The faeces and urine were collected in the morning and samples of fixed amount were taken for analysis. Sulphuric acid was added to the urine collection pail to keep the acidity under pH 3. At the end of the collection period spat- terings of feed were collected from a plastic sheet placed in front of the through, and subtracted from the total amount of feed given. The dry matter determinations were made at 103° C, and the samples for analysis dried in vacuum at 50° C. Feeds and faeces were milled using a sieve of 0.5 mm. The analyses were made according to standard procedures. The digestibility of barley was determined in a separate trial and the digestibility of the rapeseed meals calculated by subtraction. The metabolizable energy and net energy values were calculated using factors and models of NJF’s Feed Tables (Anon. 1969). The differences between the two meals were tested by the t-test. Results and discussion The digestibility coefficients and calculated energy and DCP values are set out in Tables 2 and 3. 47 Table 2. Digestibility coefficients of rapeseed meals. Span-Torch Candle Organic matter 67.4 ± 2.o** 83,5 ± 3.7** Crude protein 67.3 ± 2.l** 80.6 ± 4.l** Crude fat 64.2 ± B.o* 80.1 ± 5.3* Crude fibre 46.4 ± 3.0* 60.8 ± 6.2* NFE 71.0 ± 1.8 ** 87.8 ± 3.3** * = P < 0.05, •• = P < 0.01, **» = P < 0.001. Table 3. Nutritive values of rapeseed meals and nitrogen balaces of pigs in the trials. Span-Torch Candle Metabolizable energy (ME), MJ/kg DM Net energy (NE), FU/kg DM1) 10.43 ± o.33*** 0.78 ± o.o3*** 14.23 ± 0.67*** 2) 1.07 ± 0.05*** 2 ) Digestible crude protein (DCP), g/kg DM Nitrogen balances, g N/d 248 ± B*** 318 ± 16*** 26.5 ± o.6**21.2 ± o.9** t) FU = 0.7 kg starch 2) When corrected to 1.5 % fat content, the values for Candle are 13.6 MJ and 1.01 FU/kg DM. The new Canadian rape variety, Candle, has a thinner seed coat than the older varieties. This appeared as a lower content of crude fibre and ash, and a higher content of crude protein. The oil had also been less thoroughly extracted from the Candle seeds than the Span-Torch seeds and the meal contained more fat (Table 1). The better composition of the Candle meal is reflected in the higher di- gestibility and feed values (Tables 2 and 3), the differences between the two meals being highly significant for several nutritive characteristics. To achieve a more exact comparison, energy values based on a 1.5 % fat content were calculated for Candle meal. The corrected values were then 13.6 Mj ME and 1.01 FU/kg DM, and the difference still significant (P < 0.01). The energy value of the Candle meal thus was similar to barley and about 30 % higher than that of the Span-Torch meal. The tannin content was low in both meals (cf. Fenwick and Hoggan 1976) and could not explain the great difference between digestibilities. Furthermore, the Span-Torch meal was ground more finely than the Candle meal, which was of medium coarseness. When the results are compared with those given in the Feed Tables for pigs, the digestibility of Span-Torch meal is found to be somewhat lower, and that of Candle meal a little higher (Breirem and Home 1970, Nehring et al. 1970, Eriksson et al. 1972). The lower value for the former is explained by the fact that the »rapeseed meal» of the Feed Tables usually means B. napus meal, which has a higher nutritive value than the meal obtained from the older B. campcstris varieties. The nutritive value obtained here for Candle was high, though even higher values have been reported for some B. campeslris meals 48 (Bailey and Hill 1975). Furthermore, Candle meal has been found to be equal to Tower meal (B. napus) for hens (Muztar et al. 1978) and even better than Tower for ruminants (Bush et al. 1978). According to the present study, it is also a little better feed for pigs than the B. napus meals given in the Feed Tables. The superiority of Candle meal over Span-Torch meal appeared also in the DCP values and nitrogen balances of the pigs (P < 0.01). The pigs received the same amounts of feed in the two trials, but owing to the different energy values of rapeseed meals, they received daily 0.17 FU and 38 g DCP more in the Candle diet than in the Span-Torch diet. This made possible a higher daily gain and nitrogen retention. Span and Torch are the rape varieties most commonly cultivated in Finland. The meals are marketed only as a mixture, and the investigated meal was a sample of this. Candle is a newer variety, cultivated in Finland only at Research Stations It has been found to give about 20 % lower crop yield than Span and Torch varieties (Hovinen 1979). The about 30 % higher energy and DCP values of the meal, as found in the present study, should help to compensate for the lower crop yield, however. REFERENCES Alaviuhkola, T. 1979. Rapsi- ja rypsijauhot sikojen rehuna. Käytännön maamies 4/1979: 75-76. Anon. 1969. Nordisk Jordbrugsforskning. Fodermiddeltabel. 40 p. Gjovik. Bailey, H. S. & Hill, D. C. 1975. Nutritional evaluation of low and high fibre fractions of rapeseed meal using chickens and pigs. Can. J. Anim. Sci .55: 223 232. Breirem, K, & Home, T. 1970. Formidler og forkonservering. 459 p. Gjovik. Bush, R. R., Nicholson, J. W. G., Macintyre, T. M. & McQueen, R. E. 1978. A comparison of Candle and Tower rapeseed meals in lamb, sheep and beef steer rations. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 58: 369 376. Castell, A. G. 1977. Effects of virginiamycin on the performance of pigs fed barley diets supplemented with soybean meal or low-glucosinolate rapeseed meal. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 57:313-320. Eriksson, S., Sanne, S. & Thomke, S. 1972. Fodermedlen. 299 p. Boräs. Fenwick, R. G. & Hoggan, S. A, 1976. The tannin content of rapeseed meals. Br. Poult, Sci. 17: 59-62. Hovinen, S. 1979. Öljykasvit valkuaishuoltomme kulmakivinä. Käytännön maamies 3/1979: 21-23. Kendall, J. D. 1977. Nutritive value of Tower rapeseed meal. Feedstuffs 49 no 37: 12. Kennelly, J. J., Aherne, F. X. & Lewis, A. J. 1978. The effects of levels of isolation, or varietal differences in high fibre hull fraction of low glucosinolate rapeseed meals on rat or pig performance. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 58: 743 752. McKinnon, P. J. & Bowland, J. P. 1977. Comparison of low glucosinolate low erucic acid rapeseed meal (cv. Tower), commercial rapeseed meal and soybean meal as sources of protein for starting, growing and finnishing pigs and young rats. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 57: 663-678. Muztar, A. J., Likuski, H. J. & Slinger, S. J. 1978. Metabolizable energy content of Tower and Candle rapeseeds and rapeseed meals determined in two laboratories. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 58:485-492. Nehring, K., Beuer, M. & Hoffmann, B. 1970. Futtermitteltabellenwerk. 460 p. Berlin. 49 Papas, A., Ingalls, J, R. & Cansfikld, P. 1978. Effect of Tower and 1821 rapeseed meals and Tower gums on milk yield, milk composition and blood parameters of lactating dairy cows. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 58:671 679. Sarwar, G. & Rowland, J. P. 1976. Protein quality evaluation of low glucosinolate low erucic acid rapeseed meal and unprocessed faba beans in young pigs. J. Nutr. 106: 350-361. Slinger, S. J., Summers, J. D. & Leeson, S. 1978. Utilization of meal from a new rapeseed variety, Brassica campestris cv. Candle, in layer diets. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 58: 593 596. Syrjälä, L. & Nieminen, M. 1979. Rapsirouhe, urea ja lipeäolki lihanaudan rehuna. Koe- toim. ja käytäntö 5/1979: 18 19. Ms received September 28, 1979. SELOSTUS Rypsijauhojen sulavuus ja rehuarvo lihasialla Maija-Liisa Salo Helsingin yliopiston kotieläintieteen laitos, 00710 Helsinki 71 Kahden rypsijauhon (Brassica campestris), kotimaisen glukosinolaattipitoisuudeltaan keski- tasoon kuuluvista Span ja Torch lajikkeista peräisin olevan seoksena markkinoitavan jauhon, ja Kanadassa tuotetun vähäglukosinolaattisen Candle-jauhon sulavuus määritettiin noin 45 kiloisilla lihasioilla. Siat saivat 1 600 g ohraa ja 600 g rypsijauhoa päivässä. Candle-jauhon koostumus oli Span-Torch-jauhoa parempi. Myös sen sulavuus ja rehu- arvo osoittautui selvästi paremmaksi. Kun Candle-jauhon rasvapitoisuus korjataan Span- Torch-jauhon kanssa samaksi, 1.5 %:ksi, saadaan seuraavat rehuarvot järjestyksessä Candle, Span-Torch: muuntokelpoinen energia 13.6 ja 10.4 MJ ME/kg ka, ry-arvo 1.01 ja 0.78 ry/kg ka sekä srv-arvo 318 ja 248 g srv/kg ka. Candle-jauhon paremmuus näkyi myös typpitaseissa, mitkä olivat 26.5 ja 21.2 g N/pv. Kaikki erot olivat merkitseviä (P < 0.01). Candle-jauhon rehuarvo sialla oli siten noin 30 % Span-Torch-jauhon arvoa parempi, vaikka rasvapitoisuus korjattiin samaksi.