agsci: A Pathfinder

This is a computer-generated pathfinder created against the Distant Reader study called agsci.

Each Distant Reader study carrel is composed of many individual items. Each item is bibliographically described with author, title, date, summary, and keyword values. Below is a list of the items' most signficant keywords as well as lists of the items themselves. Purpusing the content of this pathfinder provides the student, researcher, or scholar with one way to get their heads around the scope of the carrel. The keywords include:

Plant; Production; Agricultural; Farmers; Weight; Soil; Bangladesh; Water; Crop; Irrigation; Temperature; Treatment; Effect; Cost; Rice; Feed; Results; Days; Leaf; Fish; Impact; Respondents; Disease; Egg; Time

Depending on how this pathfinder was created, many of the bibliographic sections will include elaborations on the meaning(s) of the given keywords. These elaborations were generated by feeding the items' summaries to a large langauge model and asking the model to address the question, "What is X?", where "X" is the keyword. The result will be a few sentences of elaboration. Be forewarned. The elaborations are often plausible, but they should not be take as truth. Instead, they should be taken as points for consideration.

• Agronomic Performance of Madre De Agua (Trichantera Gigantean Nees) Under Upland Area in Abucay, Bataan by Abuan, Abigail Garcia; M. Balba, Christian; Nonan Jr., Larry G.; Gripo, Cherlyn U.; Paguia, Hermogenes M.; Rodis, Gregorio J.; Balba, Jovert M. (2022) - Discussion Average Plant Height Presented in Figure 1, the average plant height of Madre De Agua plants for six months during wet season. Agricultural Science; Vol. 4, No. 2; 2022 ISSN 2690-5396 E-ISSN 2690-4799 https://doi.org/10.30560/as.v4n2p24 24 Published by IDEAS SPREAD Agronomic Performance of Madre De Agua (Trichantera Gigantean Nees) Under Upland Area in Abucay, Bataan Abigail G. Abuan1, Christian M. Balba1, Larry G. Nonan Jr.1, Cherlyn U. Gripo1, Hermogenes M. Paguia1, Gregorio J. Rodis1 & Jovert M. Balba1 1 Bataan Peninsula State University, Abucay Campus, Abucay, Bataan, Philippines Correspondence: Abigail G. Abuan, College of Agriculture, Abucay Campus, Abucay, Bataan 2114, Philippines. Keywords: agua; average; height; leaf; madre; matter; plant; yield
• The Effect of Three Different Concentrations of a Bio-Stimulant on Lettuce Yield and Quality Variation in NFT System by Tabet, Edouard Youssef; Hosry, Maria; Rouphael, Suzy; Darazy, Dalida; Omari, Khaled El; Sakr, Joe (2025) - The influence of bio-stimulant doses on fresh mass is summarized below: Effects of different bio-stimulant doses of each treatment in every replication R, on the root system volume, on the day of harvest. Keywords: bio; day; doses; et al; harvest; leaf; leaves; lettuce; plant; quality; stimulant; storage; treatment; weight
• The Effect of the Combination Polymers – Grape Marc in the Development of Tomato Growing in Soilless by Tabet, Edouard Youssef; Akiki, Sarah; Rouphael, Suzy; Awad, Elie; Hosri, Chadi; Darazy, Dalida (2025) - Cornstarch-based, biodegradable superabsorbent polymer to improve water retention, reduce nitrate leaching, and result in improved tomato growth and development. Abstract This study examined the impact of two fertilizers (FI (CRFA) and F2 (Arizona University) and three substrates (S1(100% coconut fiber), S2 (50% coconut fiber, 50% grape marc, and 7g of polymers), and S3 (50% coconut fiber, 50% grape marc, and 13g of polymers)) on tomato growth in a soilless system. Keywords: fertilization; flower; growth; plant; substrate; tomato; water; yield
• Effect of Different Nutrient Solutions and Multiple Bio-Stimulant Dosages on Yield and Growth of Capsicum Annuum in Soilless System by Tabet, Edouard Youssef; Samia, Lynn; Rouphael, Suzy; Hosri, Chadi; Awad, Elie; Darazy, Dalida (2025) - This is in accordance with studies confirming the efficacy of PGPR in increasing fruit yield and nutritional value (De Andrade et al., 2023; Ertani et al., 2014; Pereira et al., 2016). Bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) grown on plastic film mulches: Effects on crop microenvironment, physiological attributes, and fruit yield. Keywords: average; bags; bio; capsicum; effect; fruits; growth; length; nutrient; plant; root; weight; yield
• Assessing Factors Affecting Moringa Production at North-western Zone of Tigray, Ethiopia by Gebrezihar, Teklemariam Abadi; Desta, Zemeda; Hagos, Hadush (2020) - Moringa tree grows best in the hot, semi-arid areas and grows in any soil type though prefers well-drained sandy or loam soil, but not grown in water logged soils. Moringa tree is locally known as “Shiferaw” in many parts of Ethiopia and the same is called in Tigray northern Ethiopia. Keywords: agricultural; area; ethiopia; farmers; lack; moringa; plant; production; research; study; tree; utilization
• Influence of Establishment Methods on Yield and Yield Parameters of Finger Millet (Eleusine Coracana L. Gaertn) in Ward 24, Zaka District by Sakadzo, Nyasha; Bvekwa, Gift; Makaza, Kasirayi (2020) - The increase in height on transplanted plants might be due to roots of finger millet plants having least competition under wider spacing so that growth is stimulated by sunlight and space for the canopy expansion. Discussion Effects of establishment methods on finger millet plant height In situ methods of planting finger millet such as drilling and broadcasting recorded no significant differences on plant height. Keywords: agricultural; broadcasting; drilling; establishment; finger; finger millet; grain; methods; millet; number; panicle; plant; transplanting; yield
• Potentials of Intercropping Systems to Soil - Water - Plant-Atmosphere by I. A., Nweke, (2020) - In as much as agricultural systems are been affected by the growing conditions of crops intercrop systems can as well make the conditions vulnerable to the environmental factors coupled with management systems in operation thereby creating inconsistency in yield of which cause a as.ideasspread.org Agricultural Science Vol. 2, No. 1; 2020 35 Published by IDEAS SPREAD drawback in the adoption of the intercrop method. Many physiological processes and activities of crop plant are influenced by allele compound that stop growth of plant. Keywords: control; crops; diseases; effect; groundnut; growth; intercropping; maize; plant; soil; system; weed; yield
• Soil Testing A Panacea to Crop Yield and Agricultural Sustainability – A Case for Farmers of South Eastern, Nigeria by A., Nweke, I. (2020) - Obtaining soil samples that represent the field area adequately and submitting the samples to a competent and certified laboratory that will ensure accurate test results and fertilizer recommendations were applicable are key steps for valid soil chemical test or analysis. One of the oldest methods of testing soil samples is by the use of chemical reaction that provides colour changes. Keywords: analysis; chemical; crop; farmer; fertilizer; field; laboratory; nigeria; plant; sample; sampling; soil; testing; use
• Combined Effects of Vernalization and Gibberellic Acid on Quality Seed Production of Summer Onion (Allium cepa L.) by Khatun, Lamia; Karim, Md. Rezaul; Talukder, Fakhar Uddin; Rahman, Md. Sohanur (2020) - Due to incomplete vernalization seed yield will be poor (Voss et al., 2013). The proper vernalization temperature of mother onion bulbs enhance early flowering and produces a higher yield of onion seed (Khokhar 2014). Keywords: days; flowering; ga3; number; onion; plant; ppm; ppm ga3; production; seed; temperature; treatment; vernalization; weight; yield
• Evaluation of Cane Genotypes Under Sprinkler Irrigation at Early Selection Stage for Tolerance to Sugarcane Streak Mosaic Virus (SCSMV) at Ferké Sugar Estates in Ivory Coast by PÉNÉ, Crépin B.; BÉHOU, Y.M. (2020) - The study aimed to determine resistant sugarcane genotypes against SCSMV in Ferké sugar estates. Replications Ns Ns Replications Ns Ns Genotyp (G) *** *** Genotyp (G) *** *** Genotyp (G) *** *** Crop cycle (Y) *** *** Crop cycle (Y) *** *** Crop cycle (Y) *** *** G x Y * * G x Y *** *** G x Y *** *** Mean 38.5 0.4 Mean 40.7 0.5 Mean 53.3 0.7 CV (%) 90.0 84.0 CV (%) 94.3 101.1 CV (%) 78.5 86.0 SD 34.6 0.3 SD 38.4 0.5 SD 41.8 0.6 as.ideasspread.org Agricultural Science Vol. 2, No. 1; 2020 121 Published by IDEAS SPREAD 3.4 Cane Genotypes Resistance or Susceptibility to SCSM Disease at Three Months 3.4.1 Plant Cane Higher percentage of disease resistant genotypes were observed in V4-43 and P3-61 experiments conducted in Ferké 2 with 72 and 52%, respectively (Fig. 2). Keywords: coast; crop; disease; estates; experiments; ferké; genotypes; ivory; plant; ratoon; severity; streak; sugarcane; virus
• Development of Integrated Fertilizer Management Strategies in Lentil for Higher Productivity in the South-Western Region of Bangladesh by Kobir, Md. Shahriar; Harun-Or-Rashid, Md.; Ahmed, Sharif (2020) - K:S @ 23:6:10 kg ha-1) + 2% DAP foliar spray with lentil variety BARI Masur-7) and FM1V1 (vermicompost 1t ha-1 + (inorganic P:K:S @ 23:6:10 kg ha-1) + 2% DAP foliar spray with lentil variety BARI Masur-6), respectively. ha-1)+ 1% DAP foliar spray, FM3- (inorganic N:P: Keywords: bangladesh; bari; dap; fertilizer; foliar; ha-1; inorganic; interaction; lentil; management; plant; spray; yield
• Adaptation of Tef {Eragrostistef(Zucc) Trotter} Varieties for Early Maturing Types in Tigray by Nigus, Chekole; Mariam, Yonas G; Mehari, Muez; kiross, Haftamu H (2020) - The objective of the study was to evaluate the adaptability of early maturing tef varieties. We evaluated early maturing tef varieties under light and moisture stressed areas of the region. Keywords: agricultural; days; grain; heading; length; maturity; plant; research; tef; varieties; variety; yield
• Effect of Different Fertilization Rates on Cyanogen and Foliage and Tuber Yields of Cassava by Kyawt, Yin Yin; Lukkananukool, Achara; Htwe, Win Mi; Aung, Min (2020) - Effect of harvesting frequency, variety and leaf maturity on nutrient composition, hydrogen cyanide content and cassava foliage yield. This observation supports the findings of Gomez et al., (1980) who obtained higher cassava yield when fertilizer was applied. Keywords: application; cassava; content; fertilization; fertilizer; foliage; hcnp; n50; p50; plant; tuber
• Genetic Variability and Characters Association of Hot Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Genotypes Tested under Irrigation in Northern Ethiopia by Belay, Fasikaw; Abate, Berhanu; Tsehaye, Yemane (2020) - This suggested that, improvement of those characters would result in a substantial increment on fruit yield that could be used in selection of genotypes for high fruit yield. Fruit yield ranged from 0.8 to 4.5 t ha-1 with a mean of 2.7 t ha-1. Keywords: agricultural; amhara; capsicum; characters; days; diameter; ethiopia; fruit; fruit diameter; fruit length; fruit weight; fruit yield; genotypes; genotypic; heritability; maturity; mean; number; pepper; plant; tigray; traits; variability
• Effect of Foliar Application of Urea on Growth and Yield of Short Durative Lentil Variety (BARI Masur-9) by Kobir, Md. Shahriar; Harun-Or-Rashid, Md.; Rahman, Md. Hafijur (2020) - But in the present study urea was applied only either in branching stage or in pod initiation stage as lentil is a very sensitive to over fertilizer dose and two time spray will increase the production cost ultimately BCR value will be lesser than the recommended method of basal urea application in Bangladesh. Moreover in P2T3 (application of 75% of urea with 100% of other fertilizers as basal and rest of the 25% of urea by spraying) interaction 14% yield has increased over recommended method of basal urea application. Keywords: application; basal; days; fertilizers; initiation; initiation stage; plant; pod; rest; stage; urea; urea spraying; yield
• Response of Chickpea (Cicier Arietinium L.) to Rhizobium Inoculation and Blended fertilizer Rates in Laelay Maichew, Central Zone of Tigray, Northern Ethiopia by Wolday, Kiros; Teklu, Atsede (2020) - Rhizobium inoculation was assigned to the main plots with two levels (with and without rhizobium inoculation) and NPSB fertilizer rates in sub plot with seven levels (0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125 and 150 kg ha-1 NPSB). From the present results it could be concluded that 125 kg ha-1 NPSB along with rhizobium inoculation seeds would be the optimum treatment combination for enhancing chickpea yield and better profitability in soils with low level of available plant nutrients (NPSB). Keywords: agricultural; analysis; application; chickpea; ha-1; inoculation; npsb; plant; rhizobium; soil; yield
• Effects of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilizers on Dekoko (Pisum sativum var.abyssinicum A. Braun) Yield and Yield related traits by Wolday, Kiros; Alemie, Araya; Tsehaye, Yemane (2020) - Effect of N and P2O5 combined application on dekoko grain yield Marginal rate of return (N+P2O5) kg ha-1 VCIO MVC NB (Et.Birr) MNB (ET.Birr) MRR (%) 0(N0P0) - - 35225 - - 30 + 30(N1P1) 1424.58 1424.58 37650.42 2425.42 170 60 + 60(N2P2) 2852.78 1428.2 44772.22 7121.8 499 90 + 90(N3P3 4278.47 1425.69 43971.53D -800.69 - D=dominated treatment (due to less benefits than preceding treatments) VCIO = Variable cost in increasing order, MVC= Marginal variable cost = Net benefit, MNB=Marginal net benefit, From the present results it could be concluded that 60 kg N ha-1 and 60 kg P2O5 ha-1 fertilizer rate would be optimum treatment combination for enhancing dekoko yield and yield components, NP use efficiency, and economic profitability. Keywords: application; dekoko; fertilizer; ha-1; levels; nitrogen; number; p2o5; phosphorus; plant; yield
• Prevalence and Distribution of Cassava Bacterial Blight in the Kenyan Coast by livoi, ANTONY; Mwang' ombe, A. W.; Nyaboga, E.; Kilalo, D.; Obutho, E. (2021) - This confirms work done by (Odongo et al., 2016; Chege et al., 2017) on the distribution of Cassava bacterial blight disease in Kenya. Their work similarly reported the presence of cassava bacterial blight in major cassava growing regions of Kenya. Keywords: blight; cassava; cbb; county; disease; farmers; kenya; kilifi; plant; region; taita; taveta

• Economic Analysis of the Controlled Drainage System: A Case Study of a Vegetable Farm in Ontario, Canada by Marmanillo, Mariela; Kulshreshtha, Suren N. (2022) - This economic desirability analysis was carried out in the framework of a benefit – cost analysis (private accounting perspective), also called financial analysis, as it was based on the incremental net benefits of the BMP Technology using the “with and without” criterion. In that sense, the benefits and costs associated with BMP Technology were compared with those generated when the new practice has not been adopted, a situation called Base Technology. Keywords: agriculture; base; bmp; bmp technology; cad; canada; carrot; cost; drainage; farm; management; onion; ontario; prices; production; study; system; table; technology; water
• Differentials in the Cassava Seed System among Entrepreneurs in Southern Nigeria: A Gender Situation Analyses by Tessy, Madu; Okoye, Benjamin; J. E., Ewuziem,; T., Onyeka (2022) - The profitability analyses show that for every N1.00 spent in cassava seed production, about N0.92 (male) and N0.90 (female) were generated, while N1.50 (male) and N1.32 (female) were generated for root production. There is dearth of knowledge on gender gaps that may exist in the cassava seed systems, preferred traits and effects on producers and processors in the value chain, constraints in cassava seed production and the profitability of cassava seed production. Keywords: access; area; cassava; cassava production; cassava seed; constraints; farmers; female; gender; labour; male; nigeria; production; seed; seed production; study; women
• Effect of Adding Different Levels of Duckweed (Lemna minor Linn.) in the Diet on Live Body Weight, Hematological Traits and Production Cost of Free-range Chickens, Gallus domesticus Linn. (Black Austrolorp x Barred Playmouth Rock) by Paguia, Hermogenes M.; Paguia, Rina Q.; Pinsel, Jesus Rex A.; Zaballa, Steve; Abuan, Abigail G.; Corpuz, Mark Nell Castillo (2022) - The variation in mean levels of each hematological parameter was also not significant (P > 0.05), despite the inclusion of duckweed meal diets (Table 4). Keywords: Bataan, duckweed meal, feed conversion ratio, feed formulation 1. Introduction Demand for chicken meat has been increasing tremendously over the years globally at an average 2.4% per annum and in the Philippines at an average of 3.4% per annum. Keywords: bataan; chicken; cost; diets; duckweed; feed; meal; mean; production; protein; weight
• Water Management of Organic-Based Pineapple in Upland Sloping Production Areas by Ines, Ricson Lorenzo; Daping, Precious Grace B.; Duque, Zoila M.; Regalario, Romar P. (2023) - Water system in the upland is one major problem in crop production because of irregular soil surface configuration and source of irrigation water. Abstract Irrigation of crops in the upland is one major problem in crop production because of water availability during the dry season which includes the right irrigation water method, one of major factors in crop production. Keywords: bataan; crop; diameter; irrigation; pineapple; production; soil; treatment; water
• The Effectiveness of Two Hydroponically Fodder Production of Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) as Compared to Open Field System in Mount Lebanon by Tabet, Edouard; Nachar, Carole; Omari, Khaled EL; Hosri, Chadi; Rouphael, Suzy; Darazy, Dalida (2024) - This was consistent with Lloveras (2001) who reported the increase in alfalfa protein content from the first cutting and decreased in the third one. Number of leaves, stem length, number of flowers, crude protein, fiber and ash content of alfalfa plants were measured during the three cuttings time of the production cycle. Keywords: alfalfa; content; cultivation; cuts; cutting; fertilization; fiber; number; plants; production; quality; recipes; results; science
• Peanut Production in Central Luzon, Philippines: An Assessment of Farmer Practices, Challenges, and Profitability by Balba, Christian Misola; Baltazar, Trizia P.; Dacones, Ronnel C.; Solis, Jr., Dan D.; Gatan, Mary Grace B. (2025) - Intervention Recommended (%) 3.5 Cost and returns on Peanut Production The average yield of peanut farmers was 1,975.76kgs or 65.86 cavans (30kilos/cavan) of peanut, which they sold at Php. 70.00 per kilogram. The peanut farmers were selected using stratified random sampling where 77 respondents were selected which represents 10% of the total population of peanut farmers, ensuring representation from both small-scale and commercial farms. Keywords: agriculture; cost; data; farmers; luzon; peanut; peanut production; philippines; production; quality; research; respondents; science; seeds; yield
• Demographic Factors and Their Association with Cultivation of Dry Beans (Phaseolus Vulgaris) in Smallholder Irrigation Schemes at Vhembe District Municipality, Limpopo Province of South Africa by Mavhungu, T. J.; Nesamvuni, A. E.; Tshikolomo, K. A.; Mpandeli, N. S.; Niekerk, J. A. van (2025) - YES NO YES 18–35 Count 56 15 67 4 Expected count 47.6 23.4 67.9 3.1 % within gender of the respondent 78.9% 21.1% 94.4% 5.6% % within season’s crop: dry beans 28.4% 15.5% 23.8% 30.8% % of total 19.0% 5.1% 22.8% 1.4% 36–59 Count 95 60 149 6 Expected count 103.9 51.1 148.1 6.9 % within gender of the respondent 61.3% 38.7% 96.1% 3.9% % within season’s crop: dry beans 48.2% 61.9% 53.0% 46.2% % of total 32.3% 20,4% 50.7% 2.0% >60 Count 46 22 65 3 Expected count 45.6 22.4 65.0 3.0 % within gender of the respondent 67.6% 32.4% 95.6% 4.4% % within season crop: dry beans 23.4% 22.7% 23.1% 23.1% % of total 15.6% 7.6% 22.1% 1.0% TOTAL Count 197 97 281 13 Expected count 197.0 97.0 181.0 13.0 % within gender of the respondent 67.0% 33.0% 95.6% 4.4% % within season’s crop: dry beans 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% % of total 67.0% 33.0% 95.6% 4.4% In line with the result not being statistically significant, the effect size showed a weak association (Cohen, 1998), as measured by the Phi measure of effect size, φ = 0.152, p = 0.033. NO YES PRIMARY Count 35 26 59 2 Expected count 40.9 20.1 58.3 2.7 % within gender of the respondent 57.4% 42.6% 96.7% 3.3% % within season’s crop: dry beans 17.9% 27.1% 21.2% 15.4% % of total 12.0% 8.9% 20.3% 7% SECONDARY Count 72 44 108 8 Expected count 77.7 38.3 110.8 5.2 % within gender of the respondent 62.1% 37.9% 93.1% 6.9% % within season’s crop: dry beans 36.9% 45.8% 38.8% 61.5% % of total 24.7% 15.1% 37.1% 2.7% Keywords: association; beans; count; crop; education; gender; irrigation; production; smallholder; summer; test
• Exploration of the Safety and Threats Associated with Smart Agriculture-related Technologies by Hu, Dong; He, Jiayue; Wang, Qian (2025) - On the one hand, there is the issue of agricultural data privacy, where farmers' personal information should be used and protected reasonably to prevent data from being out of control, i.e., abused or leaked. Therefore, in the field of smart agriculture, it is necessary to combine the common risks of big data technology with the industry characteristics of Agricultural Big Data to conduct in-depth analysis and research on the data security risks of Agricultural Big Data and propose feasible solutions. Keywords: agriculture; analysis; collection; data; development; information; issues; process; processing; production; risks; security; technologies; technology; trust
• Status of Mungbean Production in Central Luzon, Philippines by Rosemarie Q. Joson; Princess Ann M. Tayag; Carlo G. Cunanan; Rafael P. Pantoja; Mary Grace B. Gatan (2025) - The researchers directly gathered the information from mungbean farmers, wholesalers and retailers. Results 3.1 Socio-Demographic Profile of Mungbean Stakeholders A large majority of mungbean farmers are male, which comprised around 91% of the total sample. Keywords: average; cost; farmers; income; luzon; market; mungbean; production; research; retailers; seeds; wholesalers; yield
• On-farm Evaluation and System Productivity of Wheat-Jute-T. aman Rice Cropping Pattern in Char Area of Bangladesh by Sarker, Uttam Kumer; Monira, Sirajam; Uddin, Md. Romij (2020) - References Anowar, M. M., Ferdous, M. Z., & Mozidul, I. (2012). Haq, M. Z., Techniques, M., Ali, M., Hasan, M. M., Uddin, M. J., Begum, M., … Karim, M. R. (2012). Keywords: aman; bangladesh; cropping; efficiency; jute; pattern; production; rice; wheat; yield
• Optimisation of Off-Soil Tomato Fertilization and Substrate Recipes by Tabet, Edouard; Sleiman, Paul; Hosri, Chadi; Rouphael, Souzi; Farah, Lina (2020) - The results of the effects of the variation in different fertilization recipes on the yield of the plant are economically in favor of F2. Interaction between different fertilization recipes and substrates on all parameters Treatment F1S1 F1S2 F1S3 F2S1 F2S2 F2S3 F3S1 F3S2 F3S3 Length of the stem (cm) 1rst phase 133.2±1.9a 131.8±2.2a 132.7±1.9a 139.3±2.0a 135.1±2.0a Keywords: bags; buds; distance; fertilization; nodes; number; phase; production; recipes; substrate; tomato
• Extent of Involvement of Women in Dairy Farming Activities in Oyo State, Nigeria by Luqman, Adebisi Gbadebo; Abiola, Popoola Moshood; Anne, Olaniyi Taiwo; Ifeoluwa, Aladegbaye Mercy; Odunayo, Aigbe Festus; Adebayo, Owoade Solomon; Enitan, Soyewo Imoleayo; Adewale, Ayodele Victor (2020) - Although women are restricted to some aspects of dairy cattle production activities such as grazing, housing and health care of these animals. Data were collected on socio-economic characteristics, dairy production enterprise of the respondents and their extent of involvement in dairy production activities. Keywords: activities; cattle; dairy; extent; index; involvement; milk; production; respondents; result; women
• Assessment of Training Needs Among Dairy Cattle Farmers in Oyo State, Nigeria by Abiola, Popoola Moshood; Olumuyiwa, Ajani Adedayo; Anne, Olaniyi Taiwo; Olalekan, Lamidi Lukuman; Alabi, Hamzat Olatunji; Dominic, Taiwo Oludare; Afolabi, Adesanlu Ayorinde; Alaba, Amao Adepeju (2020) - The training index in dairy farming indicated that majority (91.8%) of the farmers needed to be trained more on dairy cattle production and management. The training needs of farmers in major areas of dairy cattle production is presented in Table 3. Keywords: areas; cattle; dairy; dairy cattle; farmers; management; needs; nigeria; production; respondents; size; training; training needs
• Small-Scale Turkey Farming in Bangladesh: Farming Practices, Profitability and Supply Chain Mapping by Rashid, Muhammad Abdur; Rasheduzzaman, M; Sarker, MSK; Faruque, S; Palash, Md Salauddin; Sarker, NR (2020) - Rearing system, management practice, problems and prospects of turkey farming in different turkey farms of RangpurSadarUpazila, Internship program for Doctors of Veterinary Medicine (DVM) Degree in Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (CVASU), Bangladesh. The main problem of turkey rearing identified as market instability, lack of quality turkey feed, higher feed price, lack of proper marketing facility and training on turkey farming. Keywords: bangladesh; cost; egg; farmers; farming; feed; figure; poultry; production; rate; rearing; science; total; turkey
• A Critical Review of Value Chain for Irish Potato in Zimbabwe with Specific Regards to the Economic Policy: A Review by Sakadzo, Nyasha; Mavugara, Jeremiah; Musara, Ashel (2020) - They provide inputs such as seed, fertilisers and pesticides for potato growers there by promoting potato value chain. These are also actors in potato value chain in Zimbabwe. Keywords: chain; crop; farmers; food; government; irish; policy; potato; potatoes; production; seed; value; value chain; zimbabwe

• Design and Testing of an Online Fertilizing Amount Detection Device Based on the Moment Balance Principle by Ke, Yang Chuan; Nian, Li Jia; Cheng, Wang Xiao; Ran, Li Dao; Xuan, Wang Guo (2022) - Figure 4 shows the stress analysis diagram of the fertilizer discharging board during fertilizer detection. According to Equations (1) to (4) and Ohm's law, the calculation method of fertilizer application detection is derived and shown in Eq. (5). Keywords: agricultural; board; chinese; detection; device; discharging; fertilizer; fertilizer application; fertilizer discharge; fertilizer guide; fertilizer mass; fertilizer storage; flow; mass; metering; test; voltage
• Design And Experiment of Axial Air-Suction Drum Seed-Metering Device by Zhang, Yu Qian; Zhang, Cheng Yao; Hu, Yu Wei; Chen, Long; Yang, Wencai; Zhang, Hai Dong (2022) - Fan blades and seed metering drum were driven by a PUSS speed regulating motor and induction speed motor (4IK25GN-C) respectively. Operating principle of seed metering device: I Seed sucking area; II. Keywords: agricultural; air; air chamber; blade; chamber; device; drum; fan; figure; hole; inlet; metering; metering device; precision; pressure; seed; seed metering; suction
• Climate Perception and Adaptation Decision of Apple Growers in Guanzhong Plain Region Based on Structural Equation Model by Lei, Zhou (2025) - Climate perception refers to the degree of cognition of climate change, including temperature and precipitation, various meteorological disasters, etc. Objective adaptation ability can be defined as the adaptation ability composed of natural, information, economic, technical, management, and institutional resources, and is reasonably allocated in the adaptation decision-making process to achieve an effective response, manifested as the effectiveness of these resources for adaptation. Climate perception positively and significantly affects objective adaptation (β = 0.447, P < 0.032**), suggesting that growers have perceived climate change and this perception is likely to be transformed into positive adaptation behaviors. Keywords: adaptation; agricultural; change; characteristics; climate; climate change; farmers; kinds; model; perception; research
• Evolution of Traditional Chinese "Salt-Leaching and Alkali-Washing" Technology and Strategies for Improving Productive Coastal Saline-Alkali Land Landscapes – A Case Study of Cixi City by Lou, Shiyuan; Du, Chenqin (2025) - The implementation of the “irrigation-drainage integrated road” system allows more effective water conservation and control during salt-leaching, and enables rapid removal of saline water, effectively avoiding salt rebound. The engineering plan for salt washing was carried out in a three-year cycle: in the first year, excavate large canals; in the second year, dig medium ditches connecting to the large canal; in the third year, dig small ditches and field channels connecting to the medium ditches. Keywords: agricultural; alkali; cixi; ditches; drainage; field; freshwater; improvement; irrigation; land; landscape; leaching; modern; rice; saline; salt; soil; system; washing; water; zhengda
• The Impact of Modern Agricultural Parks on Regional Agricultural Economic Growth: A Case Study of Modern Agricultural Parks in Southwest China by Rujuan, Ke; Jiusheng, Chen (2025) - To explore how these differences affect the specific effects of modern agricultural parks on regional agricultural economies, we propose the following hypotheses: H3: Modern agricultural parks drive agricultural economic growth through the promotion of rural industrial integration. This study treats modern agricultural parks as a quasi-natural experiment and employs a multi-period difference-in-differences (DID) model to analyze panel data from 98 modern agricultural parks in southwest China, aiming to explore whether the construction of modern agricultural parks can influence regional agricultural economic growth. Keywords: agricultural; analysis; china; core; development; effects; growth; impact; innovation; integration; level; parks; research; results; science; technology; variable
• The Impact of County-Level Government Fiscal Expenditure on Rural Common Prosperity by Sheng, Qilin; He, Qintian (2025) - Based on county- level panel data from China between 2000 and 2023, this study constructs a two-way fixed-effects econometric model to empirically analyze the impact of government fiscal expenditure on rural common prosperity. The findings indicate that government fiscal expenditure significantly enhances rural common prosperity, a conclusion supported by robustness tests including alternative econometric methods, lagged treatment, and winsorization. Keywords: agricultural; development; economic; effect; expenditure; government; impact; income; industry; labor; prosperity; research; results; social; table; value; variables
• Design and Performance Testing of the Hydraulic System for the Pickup Assembly of a Residual Film Recovery Machine by Yapeng Li; Nan Zang (2025) - Hydraulic system pressure test waveform graph. Statistical analysis of hydraulic system pressure test results (unit: bar) Test Point Average Standard Deviation Maximum Minimum Fluctuation range P1 (Pump outlet) 142.3 8.7 156.2 128.5 27.7 as.ideasspread.org Agricultural Science Vol. 7, No. 2; 2025 28 Published by IDEAS SPREAD P2 (Pickup chain motor inlet) Keywords: agricultural; bar; chain; figure; film; flow; hydraulic; load; min; motor; pickup; pressure; rate; recovery; speed; system; test; 𝑇 𝑇
• Analysis of the Impact of New Digital Infrastructure Construction on the Urban-Rural Income Gap: A Mediation Perspective Based on Agricultural Industrial Agglomeration by Yanxing Li (2025) - The results indicate: In economically developed regions, the regression coefficient for new digital infrastructure construction is not significant. This shows that agricultural industrial agglomeration plays a mediating role in the relationship between new digital infrastructure construction and the urban-rural income gap, i.e., new digital infrastructure construction narrows the urban-rural income gap by increasing agricultural industrial agglomeration as.ideasspread.org Agricultural Science Vol. 7, No. 2; 2025 44 Published by IDEAS SPREAD effects, proving the existence of hypothesis H3. Keywords: agricultural; areas; capita; construction; development; gap; impact; income; income gap; infrastructure; level; regions; regression; results
• Grain Yield Performance and Parametric Stability Statistics of Tef {Eragrostis tef (Zucc) Trotter} Genotypes in Tigray, Ethiopia by Nigus, Chekole; Mariam, Yonas G; Kinfe, Hailegbreal; Melese, Brhanu; Mekonen, Ataklty (2020) - At mean Vs stability GGE biplot graph the projection vector length shows the magnitude of the stability (Yan et al., 2006) when the projection of the vector is perpendicular to the straight line of the average longer regardless of the direction this implies there is greater tendency of GEI and lower genotype stability (Bornhofen et al. 2017). Biplot analysis of genotype environment interaction in durum wheat using the AMMI model. Keywords: agricultural; analysis; cr-387; environment; gei; genotypes; grain; interaction; mean; performance; stability; tef; tef genotypes; variance; yield
• Bio-Rational Management of Maize Weevil, Sitophilus Zeamais in Maize (Zea Mays) Seeds by Alam, M. M. Mahabub; Ahmad, Masum; Rahman, Md. Sohanur; Talukder, Fakhar Uddin; Jahan, Md. Israfil; Hossain, R. (2020) - The present study was, therefore, undertaken to evaluate the toxic effects of four available plant products such as neem, datura, garlic tablet and nishinda leaf powder and a chemical i.e. Sevin 85SP in controlling maize weevil considering mortality of maize weevil, seed weight loss and germination of maize seeds. Before artificial infestation of maize seeds with maize weevil, the maize seeds were dried in the sun for few days. Keywords: agricultural; bangladesh; datura; garlic; grain; leaf; leaf powder; maize; maize seeds; mortality; neem; powder; seeds; weevil; weight; zeamais

• A Typical Case Study of Investment in Agricultural Projects - The Case of Mokumoku Farms by Qu, Tingting (2025) - As the scale of investment in agricultural project construction is expanding, it plays an important role in the development of rural economy and the construction of new countryside, but there are some problems in the process of management and use of the project, which affects the effect of project investment and does not enable the agricultural construction project to play the maximum benefit, therefore, the article takes Mokumoku farm as an example as a reference for agricultural project investment. Keywords: agricultural project investment, risks, countermeasures, Mokumoku farms 1. Keywords: agriculture; china; construction; development; farm; farmers; investment; management; mokumoku; project; science; tourism
• The Impact of Wildfires on California Agriculture by William Zeng (2025) - Current vulnerabilities of wildfire response and wildfire impacts can be further reduced through direct prevention. Additionally, graphical analyses illustrate trends in wildfire damage over the past century, along with corresponding increases in pollutants. Keywords: agriculture; california; communities; damage; environment; farmers; impact; increase; science; society; state; water; wildfire
• Enhancing Soybean Production Through On-Farm Demonstration of Improved Soybean Varieties at Tselemti and Tahtay Adyabo Districts of North-Western Zone Tigray, Ethiopia by Abadi, Teklemariam; Gebretsadik, Desale; Girmay, Abadi; Mekuanint, Tesfahun; Desta, Daniel (2020) - On the other side in Tahtay Adyabo District Awassa-95, gave significantly higher yield than Gizo soybean variety which is 87.19% yield increment. Farmers’ response on attributes of soybean, Awassa-95 versus Gizo soybean variety at Tahtay Adyabo District and Gizo versus Wegayen variety at Tselemti District. Keywords: district; farmers; gizo; soybean; tselemti; varieties; variety
• Participatory Evaluation and Selection of Improved Bread Wheat (Triticum Aestivum. L) Varieties in Northern Ethiopia by Meles, Berhanu; Nigus, Chekole; Teklu, Atsede; G Mariam, Yonas (2020) - This study is in agreement with study of Fano and Tadeos (2017) reported significant differences of bread wheat varieties for grain yield, however they reported non-significant difference for biomass yield which contradicted with the present study. Mean grain yield and agronomic traits of bread wheat varieties for at Laelay-maichew in mother trial Varieties Parameters DH DM PH SL KPS BY GY HI Kakaba 59b 103b 71b Keywords: bread; farmers; grain; maichew; participatory; selection; spike; varieties; variety; wheat; yield
• Kasule, F Farmer Preference of Cassava Cultivars in Eastern Uganda: A Choice Beyond Disease Resistance by Faizo, Kasule; Wasswa, Peter; Mukasa, Settumba Brasio; Okiror, Anthony; Nghituwamhata, Selma Ndapewa; Rono, Evalyne Chepkoech; Mukuze, Clever; Mwang'ombe, Agnes Wakesho (2020) - The results showed that CBSD and CMD are prevalent on farmer preferred cassava cultivars, and that farmer cultivar preference depends not only on disease resistance but also other attributes. Furthermore, periodic surveys help in providing information for establishing current CBSD and CMD prevalence, farmer preference attributes, deterioration in virus resistance and modelling disease behavior over time in farmer preferred cassava cultivars. Keywords: cassava; cbsd; cmd; cultivars; disease; farmers; incidence; nase; preferred; severity; uganda

• Implementation Selection to Increase Body Weight Fancy Mice by Cahyowati, Meireni; Baliarti, Endang; Sumadi, Sumadi (2022) - The increase of adult weight based selection result of Fancy mice on G0 to G1 is 5.14 g and adult weight from G1 to G2 increased is 4.92 g. Adult weight is the trait that uses selection criteria in research to be expected to increase the performance of adult weight Fancy mice. Keywords: adult; animal; aw35; generation; gram; mice; selection; value; weaning; weight; ww21
• Effects of Two Different Feeds on the Growth of Australian Freshwater Lobster by Yongbo, Li; Guijuan, Li; Minfeng, Lu (2025) - This study not only revealed the effects of two different feeds on the growth of Australian freshwater lobster, but also provided a strong theoretical guidance for freshwater lobster culture practice. Keywords: Australian freshwater lobster, types of feed, growth 1. Introduction Australian freshwater lobster (Cheraxquadricarinatus), a valuable aquatic resource, plays an important role in the high-end aquaculture industry due to its unique cultured potential and market value, showcasing broad prospects for cultivation. Keywords: aquaculture; body; control; feed; freshwater; group; growth; length; lobsters; weight; yeast
• Comparative Study of Underground Pit Grain Storage System through Use of Different Lining Materials by Girma, Anbesse; Ali, Elias (2019) - Grain storage methods and their effects on sorghum grain quality in Hararghe, Ethiopia. Results of this comparative study showed that, among all linings, plastic lining pit storage was a good barrier in preventing the ingression of moisture to the grain. Keywords: cement; germination; grain; lining; materials; moisture; pit; plastic; sorghum; storage; weight
• Potentials of Cow Dung Ash as Protectants of Cowpea Seeds against Callosobruchus maculatus F. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) by Suleiman, Mohammed; Haruna, Fatima M. (2020) - LD50 of CDA against Adult Callosobruchus maculatus in Cowpea Seeds LD50 (%) 95% Confidence Limits Slope ± S. E. X2 p Lower Limit Upper Limit 8.50 5.51 23.93 2.59 ± 0.05 1.501 0.826 3.4 Weight Losses in Cowpea Seeds Treated with CDA The only weight loss observed among the treated cowpea seeds was in those treated with the lowest concentration of CDA (0.625%) while the untreated seeds lost 11.33% of their weight to C. maculatus (Figure 1). Fifty pairs of adult C. maculatus were placed in 500 ml volume glass bottle containing 250 g of the disinfested cowpea seeds. Keywords: adult; callosobruchus; cda; cowpea; maculatus; seeds; suleiman; weight
• Biopesticidal Management of Pulse Beetle (Callosobruchus Chinensis L) in Chickpea Seeds by Jahan, Md. Israfil; Ahmad, Masum; Rahman, Md. Sohanur; Talukder, Fakhar Uddin (2020) - It was reported that when mixed with stored-grains, leaf, bark, seed powder or oil extracts reduced oviposition as well as seed damage rates, and suppressed adult emergence of bruchids (Keita et al., 2001; The extent of damage to pulse seeds is very high both qualitatively and quantitatively. Keywords: adult; bangladesh; beetle; chickpea; chinensis; datura; journal; leaf; leaf powder; number; powder; pulse; seeds; weight
• Evaluation of the Cost of Production of Fish Clarias gariepinus Burchell, 1822 (Siluriformes, Clariidae) with Three Types of Food Based on Local Agricultural by-products in the Democratic Republic of Congo by Kiamfu, Victor Pwema; Matondo, Alex Mayoni; Mutanda, Santos Kavumbu; Kilingwa, Clément Munganga; Muamba, Nadine Bipendu; Ndamba, Athanase Kusonika; Swana, Willy Lusasi (2020) - Discussion The physico-chemical parameters of the waters remained within the range of optimal values recommended for the rearing of Clarias gariepinus fish. The A1 ration is the one that gave a better compromise in price and quality by promoting fish growth at a lower cost (3.827 congolese francs). Keywords: clarias; feed; fish; food; gariepinus; growth; kilogram; types; weight
• Environmental Conditions and Genotype Influence Upon Some Correlations Value to Few Lines of Winter Wheat by Păniță, Ovidiu; Iancu, Paula; Soare, Marin (2020) - Analysis of the first component indicate positive values for all analyzed characters except the protein content, so this component can be considered as an identifier for the variants with high production results, with good starch content and high value yield elements. Lines with higher grain protein contents presented lower starch percent. Keywords: conditions; content; ear; genotypes; no./ear; potential; protein; quality; seeds; seeds weight; seeds weight/100; starch; tkw; weight; weight/100; wheat; yield
• Effects of Dicalcium Phosphate (DCP) and Vitamin E on Growth Performance and Hemato-Biochemical Parameters in Broilers by Ikbal, Tairan; Saha, Sumitra (2020) - However, due to the controversial results regarding vitamin E effects on broiler growth performance (Pompeu et al., 2018; Lu et al., 2014), there is few reliable experimental evidence about the performance of the selected vitamin and mineral on the broiler chickens. Considering all of these issues the present study was carried out to investigate the effect of dicalcium phosphate (DCP) and vitamin E supplementation on growth, hematological parameters (RBC, Hb, PCV and ESR), and on serum biochemical values (calcium, phosphorus, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase) of broiler. Keywords: body; broiler; control; dcp; fed; feed; group; vitamin; vitamin e; weight
• The Effect of Fertigation and Foliar Application of Seaweed’s Bio Stimulant on Banana Yield by Tabet, Edouard; Al-Haf, Reem; Hosri, Chadi; Zind, Zahi; Farah, Lina; Darazy, Dalida (2021) - Merwad, M. M. A. (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-014-0375-6 Sawsan, A., Omran, Y. A. M. M., & Abd El-Hamid, H. M. (2010). Keywords: application; banana; ctrl; extract; finger; growth; journal; seaweed; treatments; weight

• Sexual Propagation of Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) Varieties in Bataan, Philippines is Affected by Different Combination of Growing Media by Ventura, Cherrilyn Esaga; Balba, Christian Misola; Ganado, Editha Alisbo (2022) - Results revealed a significant difference among growing media in terms of plant height, and number of leaves wherein 1-part garden soil, 1-part compost, 1-part coco coir dust (SM5) significantly had the tallest plants of 30.92 cm which was comparable to other growing media except for 1-part garden soil, 1-part compost, 1-part sand (SM1). Meanwhile, another factor used in this study is the combination of different growing media which is presented in Table 2. Keywords: bataan; cashew; compost; garden; garden soil; media; number; soil; variety
• Effects of Different Soil Moisture Contents on Photosynthesis of Lettuce by Kong, Xiao; Liu, Zhen; Fu, Weiguo (2023) - The qP and NPQ of lettuce under different soil moisture content are shown in Figure 3, and with the decrease of soil moisture content, qP showed a downward trend, increased slightly under B treatment, and then gradually decreased. The results of this study showed that with the decrease of soil moisture content, the transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, net photosynthetic rate and intercellular CO2 concentration of lettuce all showed a downward trend, indicating that the gradual decrease of the net photosynthetic rate of lettuce under drought stress conditions was mainly caused by stomatal restriction, which was consistent with the effect of different soil moisture content on the photosynthetic physiology of lettuce in Pei Yun et al (Pei et al. 2015). Keywords: content; decrease; drought; lettuce; moisture; moisture content; soil; soil moisture; stress; treatment; water
• Maize and Pearl Millet Production in Hot Semi-Arid North Eastern Namibia Under Conventional Tillage and Conservation Agriculture Practices by Kudumo, Ladislaus; Itanna, F.; Thierfelder, C. (2025) - The hypothesis of the study was that there were no significant differences in soil water infiltration between CA and Conventional plots and that no significant differences existed between the effect of no mulch, mulch only, rotation only and mulch plus rotation on the soil moisture content and crop grain yields for both CA and Conventional plots. In the subsequent season 2017/18, with a 4.2% (21.1mm) increase in rainfall at LRS and a 25.8% (184.8mm) decrease at MITC respectively, maize grain yields experienced an average increase of 1500.1 Kg ha-1, whilst pearl millet decreased by 426.1 Kg ha-1. Keywords: crop; grain; maize; millet; namibia; pearl; season; soil; tillage; yield
• Response of Bambara Groundnut and Soil Physicochemical Properties to Different Lime Materials by I. A., Nweke, (2020) - The increase in soil nutrients especially with WA and PA indicated that the organic materials have affected the electrical charge systems in the soil leading to increased plant nutrients. Soil properties tested were greatly improved by the lime materials when compared their values on the control soil. Keywords: ash; lime; materials; nweke; soil; wood; yield
• Coupled Irrigation–Drainage Management Practice for HYV Rice Cultivation with Saline-Irrigation Water: Evidence from Lysimeter Experiment by Rahman, Mohammad Ashiqur; Ahmed, Tanvir; Mojid, Mohammad Abdul (2020) - EC varied with irrigation water salinity and length of exposure of irrigation–drainage cycles to the salinity levels. But, their effects were not visible (Table 11) due to the predominant effect of irrigation water salinity. Keywords: application; crop; drainage; irrigation; irrigation water; m−1; ponding; rice; saline; salinity; sl4; soil; treatments; water; yield
• Interaction Between Two Types of Earthworm and Ageratum on Soil Physicochemical Properties by A., Nweke I. (2020) - Keywords: Ageratum, chemical elements, earthworm, soil properties 1. Effect of compost and earthworm production on soil properties, growth and dry matter yield of maize in crude oil degraded soil. Keywords: ageratum; cec; earthworms; effect; eugeniae; irridodrilus; properties; soil; study
• Enzyme Activity Variability and Comparison in Soils under Medicinal versus Crop Plants of Anguo City, China by Liu, Wenke (2020) - Correlative coefficients between soil enzyme activities and soil physicochemical properties of herbal fields and crop fields Soil physicochemical properties Soil enzyme activities of herbal fields (n=120) Soil enzyme activities of crop fields (n=60) In conclusion, soil enzyme activities were similar in two type of farmlands, and soil urease and alkaline phosphatase activities decreased with soil depth for both fields. Keywords: activities; alp; crop; crop fields; enzyme; enzyme activities; fields; layers; soil; urease
• Performance of Wheat in Five Soils of Different Textures under Freshwater and Wastewater Irrigation by Mojid, Md Abdul; Mousumi, Khadija A; Ahmed, Tanvir (2020) - Thus, clay helped conserving soil water and nutrients by improving soil structure that contributed increasing growth and water productivity of wheat. Wastewater reuse can reduce fertilizer rates due to its fertilizer contribution in crop production (Tabriz et al., 2011; Biswas et al., as.ideasspread.org Agricultural Science Vol. 2, No. 2; 2020 90 Published by IDEAS SPREAD 2017; Biswas and Mojid, 2018) and thus can provide a low-cost source of irrigation water (Mojid et al., 2012a). Keywords: grain; irrigation; irrigation water; productivity; quality; soil; table; texture; treatment; wastewater; water; wheat; yield

• Gamma Radiated Wheat for Combating Devastating Blast Disease (Magnaporthe Oryzae Triticum) In Bangladesh by -Or-Rashid, MD.Harun; Meah, M. Bahadur; Uddin, Md. Imtiaz; Ahmed, Sharif; Kashem, Md. Abul (2019) - Wheat blast disease caused by Magnaporthe oryzae triticum is causing enormous yield loss worldwide. All the doses of irradiation showed a significant effect on incidence and severity of wheat blast disease in all three varieties. Keywords: bangladesh; bari; blast; disease; dna; incidence; infection; magnaporthe; oryzae; triticum; wheat
• A Review on Embryonic Development of Inland Fishes of Bangladesh by Ahmed, Md. Borhan Uddin; Sifat, Jobayda; Rabbi, Md. Fazla; Islam, Md. Ashraful; Rafin, H.M. Al Kabid; Uddin, Md. Kamal (2020) - Same blastodisc has been reported in case of Macrognathus aculeatus, Labeo bata, Anabas testudineus, Nandus nandus, Heteropneustes fossilis, Mystus cavasius, by Farid et al., (2008); Miah et al., (2009); Karim et al., (2012); Das et al., (2002); Nesa et al., (2017); Rahman et al., (2004). Local name Scientific name Family Author Rui Labeo rohita Cyprinidae Das et al., 2006 Catla Gibelion catla Cyprinidae Tumbahangfe et al., 2014 Mrigel Cirrhinus cirrhosus Cyprinidae Chakraborty and Murty, 1972 Desi Sarputi Puntius sarana Cyprinidae Chakraborty et al., 2007 Bata Labeo bata Cyprinidae Hossain et al, 2007; Miah et al., 2009 Silver berb Barbodes gonionotus Cyprinidae Basak et al., 2014 Tara Baim Macrognathus aculeatus Mastacembelidae Farid et al., 2008 Keywords: bangladesh; development; egg; embryonic; et al; factors; fertilization; fish; fishes; hrs; journal; larvae; length; species; study
• Investigation on the Natural Enemies of Jute Yellow Mite and Their Performances and Seasonal Incidence by Islam, Md. Nazrul; Islam, Khandakar Shariful; Jahan, Mahbuba; Rahman, Md. Sohanur (2020) - Both the grubs and adults of lady bird beetle predate on all the stage of yellow mite. An unidentified species of spider was found to consume yellow mite. Keywords: adult; bangladesh; bug; control; field; hour; incidence; jute; mite; nymph; pests; predation; predator
• Rural Livelihood Diversification in Bangladesh: Effect on Household Poverty and Inequality by Salam, Shakila (2020) - Gini coefficients are calculated by excluding total non-farm income, even different forms of non-farm income separately over time for understanding their impact on income inequality. In the context of Bangladesh, the relevant previous studies identified rural non-farm income as a key force behind uneven income distribution (Hossain et al., 2000; Malek & Usami, 2009a). Keywords: activities; bangladesh; coefficient; data; distribution; employment; farm; gini; households; income; inequality; percent; poverty; rural; sources
• Trends of Water Requirements of Major Crops and Cropping Patterns in Bogura and Rajshahi Districts of Bangladesh by Mojid, Mohammad A.; Shibly, Farhana Y.; Acharjee, Tapos K. (2020) - This model calculates irrigation water requirement of crops and soil-water balance following the principle in Allen et al. (1998). The water-scarcity situations in the study areas are expected to be much worse in future since irrigation water requirement can increase by 1% to 5% in 2050 depending on crop selection (Mainuddin et al., 2015). Keywords: aman; aus; bangladesh; bogura; crop; cropping; districts; etc; irrigation; patterns; potato; rainfall; rajshahi; rice; trend; water
• A Rice Variety (BRRI dhan29) Yield Performance as Influenced by Foliar Application of Salicylic Acid in Bangladesh by Parveen, Shahnaz; Issak, Mohammad; Rahman, Md. Sohanur; Talukder, Fakhar Uddin; Islam, Shanta (2020) - According to grain yield treatments can be arranged as T4>T3>T2>T5>T6>T1. Therefore, rice yield needs to be increased by 53.3% (Mahamud et al., 2013). Keywords: acid; application; bangladesh; brri; foliar; grain; number; panicle; rice; salicylic; treatment; yield
• Combined Effects of Nutrient Management on Nutrient Content and Uptake of Transplant Aus Rice (BRRI Dhan48) by Kaisar, Nahid; Moslehuddin, Abu Zofar Md.; Tarafder, Md. Mahbubul Alam; Rahman, Md. Sohanur (2020) - Application of cowdung with chemical fertilizers increased the N content in rice grain markedly in T3: CNM. The K content ranged from 0.273 to 0.315% in rice grain and 1.324 to 1.535% in straw (Table 2). Keywords: bangladesh; brri; content; dhan48; fertilizers; grain; nutrient; straw; uptake
• Value Stream Analysis of Fresh-Cut Vegetables in Bangladesh by Salam, Shakila; Saha, Mousumi; Nasrin, Mahmuda (2020) - Choice of fresh vegetables is often not influenced by the price of an individual item (Owen et al. 2002), when these vegetables reach at the final consumer hand at a fresh, convenient, easy-to-use format with minimal wastage, it pose more value to him/her. Reddy et al. (2010) examined the growth and performance of modern retailing of fresh vegetables and fruits and its impact on traditional retailers in Andhra Pradesh, India. Keywords: analysis; bangladesh; business; chain; channel; cut; market; marketing; price; product; study; supermarkets; value; vegetables

• Investigation on Combination of Airflow Disturbance and Sprinkler Irrigation for Horticultural Crop Frost Protection by Cheng, Shi; Hu, Yongguang; Lu, Yongzong; Pan, Qingmin; Jin, Kuang; Zheng, Jialiang (2023) - Keywords: frost protection, airflow disturbance, sprinkler irrigation, horticultural crop, combination frost protection 1. Introduction Frost is a common agrometeorological disaster that can cause significant damage to crops by reducing yields, lowering quality, and even resulting in crop failure. In order to reduce the pollution caused by frost protection, mechanized frost protection technology such as heating furnace, airflow disturbance, sprinkler irrigation and helicopter frost protection have been gradually developed in recent years. Keywords: airflow; combination; disturbance; frost; frost protection; irrigation; protection; sprinkler; system; technology; temperature; water
• Use Of Micronized Calcium Carbonate-Based Sunscreen on Young European Hazelnut (Corylus Avellana L.) in Commercial Nursery Under Environmental Stress Conditions During the Summer Period by Montanares, Ignacio Errazuriz; Fernandez, Sergio; Cañete-Salinas, Paulo; Ogass, Khristopher; Espinosa, Cristian; Guajardo, Jorge; Saavedra, Nicolas; Contreras, Sebastián; Zamudio, Francisco; Opazo, César Acevedo (2023) - 5. Conclusion Applications of micronized calcium carbonate, pinolene and lignosulfonate on young European hazelnut plants in commercial nursery managed without water stress during summer would improve gas exchange in hazelnut plants. The present research proposes to evaluate the use of a sunscreen composed of micronized calcium carbonate, pinolene and lignosulfonate on young European hazelnut plants growing in a commercial nursery. Keywords: calcium; chile; conditions; et al; european; hazelnut; plants; stress; sunscreen; temperature; water
• Human Endoparasites Present in the Digestive Tracts of Two Species of Cichlidae Fish: Oreochromis Niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) and Tilapia Tholloni (Sauvage, 1884) Caught in the Malebo Pool (Congo River), D.R. Congo by Kiamfu, Victor Pwema; K, Jeff Nakweti; Swana, Willy Lusasi; Mutanda, Santos Kavumbu; Kilingwa, Clement Munganga; Mapasi, Theo Mondo; M., John Tembeni; N‘seu, Mbomba Bekeli (2020) - Parasites identified in the digestive tract of fish Tilapia tholloni Phylum Class Family Genus Species Amoebiens Lobosea Amiboidae Entamoeba Entamoeba histolyca Adenophorea Trichuridae Trichocephalus Trichocephalus trichiurus Némathelminthes Secernetea Oxyuridae Enterobius Enterobius vermicumlaris Plathelminthes Trématode Schistosomidae Schistosoma Schistosoma haematobium S. intercalantum 3 4 4 4 5 Microscopic analyses of the stomach contents of Tilapia tholloni fish reveal that their digestive tracts are infested with 3 branches, 4 classes, 4 families, 4 genera and 5 species of endoparasites. 3.3.2.1 Relative Abundance of Branches of the Identified Parasites Figure 5 below shows that the digestive tracts of Tilapia tholloni fish are mostly infested by Nemathelminths (58.3%), followed by Plathelminths (25%) and Amoebians are less abundant (16.7%). Keywords: congo; endoparasites; fish; genera; kinshasa; malebo; niloticus; oreochromis; pool; river; schistosoma; species; specimens; tholloni; tilapia; tracts; water

• Genetic Variability and Heritability among Sugarcane Genotypes at Early Stage of the Advanced Selection for some Agronomic Traits in Ferké, Northern Ivory Coast by Béhou, YM; Péné, CB (2020) - Heritability and correlation among sugarcane yields and some agronomic and sugar quality traits in Ethiopia. Projection of sugarcane genotypes in 1-2 factor plane. Keywords: content; crop; genotypes; genotypic; heritability; juice; number; rate; selection; stalk; sucrose; sugarcane; traits; yield

• Evaluation of Drought Tolerance Indices and Nitrogen Fertilization for Some Groundnut (Arachis Hypogaea L.) Genotypes by Paula, Iancu; Ovidiu, Păniță; Marin, Soare (2019) - as.ideasspread.org Agricultural Science Vol. 1, No. 1; 2019 27 Published by IDEAS SPREAD The variants with first component with high value and second component with low value are the variants where there were cropped C1 to C6 genotypes and there were applied the fertilization, those ones proving under irrigation conditions high yield potential and on drought conditions low yield potential, low yield drought tolerance and the highest protein content on drought and low protein content under irrigation. The indices that show high yield potential under irrigation conditions are in high positive correlation between them. Keywords: analysis; conditions; content; drought; genotypes; indices; irrigation; level; mean; potential; protein; values; variants; yield

• Analysis of the Main Factors Inducing Mortality in Artificial Ponds for Australian Freshwater Lobsters by Yongbo, Li; Changhong, Shi; Jie, Zhan (2025) - This research on Australian freshwater lobsters will scrutinize such variables as water oxygen, ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, temperature, and Vibrio infection in the production of artificial ponds. Samples were taken from Australian freshwater lobsters which had died during rearing. Keywords: ammonia; doi; freshwater; lobsters; mortality; nitrate; nitrogen; oxygen; temperature; vibrio
• Influence of Shade and Bed Types on Attaining Optimum Temperature for The Germination of Peach (Prunus Persica L. Batsch) Seeds at Holetta, Central Ethiopia by Setu, Habtam; Mosie, Tajebe; Firdie, Kidist; Eshete, Tenagne; Sileshi, Getaneh (2020) - Introduction Peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch) requires low temperature to break the dormancy of seeds and buds resulting in seed germination and flowering (Americo et al., 2013). Germination Speed (Rate) Index (GSI): reflects the percentage of seed germination on each day of the germination period (Esechie, 1994) and calculated as the formula presented by Maguire (1962), expressing the summation of the ratio between the numbers of germinated seeds and the evaluation days. Keywords: bed; dormancy; germination; peach; percentage; seeds; shade; temperature; treatments; tree; tree shade
• Effects of Polypropylene Bag on Storage Properties of Litchi (Litchi Chinensis Sonn.) by Talukder, Fakhar Uddin; Rahman, Md. Sohanur; Hassan, Md. kamrul (2020) - For short-term storage of litchi fruits 75µ polypropylene bag at ambient temperature would be recommended. Chaiprasart (2005) ran an experiment with litchi fruit packed in tray and wrapped in polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride films and fruits were stored at 5°C. Keywords: 75µ; content; days; fruits; life; litchi; polypropylene bag; postharvest; storage; temperature; treatments
• Influence of Frost Protection Windmachine with Continuous Oscillation on Microclimate in Tea Fields by Sun, Keda; Hu, Yongguang; Hu, Zhiyuan; Chen, Yongkang; Wei, Wuzhe (2020) - The working principle of frost protection wind machine is to transport the airflow of the thermal inversion layer to the canopy of crops, and to drive off the cooler air at the same time (Battany, 2012; Doesken, et al., 1989). The windmachine with continuous oscillation is proved to be effective for tea frost protection and provides more coverage than traditional anti-frost fan with flabellate oscillation. Keywords: airflow; frost; machine; protection; rise; temperature; velocity
• The Solar-Heat Pump Combined Drying Characteristics and Dynamic Model of Kelp Knots by Li, Yang; Hu, Zicheng; Hu, Yongguang; Ge, Fenghua; Cai, Hongzhi (2021) - As shown in Figure 3a, when the set drying temperature is within the range of 35 ~ 50℃, the moisture ratio of dried kelp knots shows a decreasing trend with time (fast in early stage but gradually gentle in the later stage). On the basis of the parameters (a, k and g) of the Verma model, software matlab2020a was used to fit the experimental data and finally obtain the parameter values, taking drying temperature, wind speed and loading capacity as variables. Keywords: drying; heat; kelp; kelp knots; knots; loading; model; moisture; process; pump; ratio; temperature; wind

• Effect by Contact and Ingestion of Essential Oils of Pennyroyal: Mentha pulegium L.(Lamiaceae) on Juvenile of Calliptamus barbrus (Orthoptera: Calliptaminae) by Rouibah, Moad; Bouredjoul, Rabah; Kouahi, Salaheddine (2020) - Abstract This work is a study on the action of essential oils (EOs)of Pennyroyal Mentha pulegium against two larvaeL2 and L3 of Calliptamus barbarus (Orthoptera: Acrididae). Keywords: Calliptamus barbarus, Mentapulegium, Essential oil, lethal dose, mortality 1. Introduction Food security is based on the protection of crops from pests, including grasshoppers and locusts. Keywords: barbarus; contact; dose; effect; eos; figure; ingestion; mortality; oils; pennyroyal; pulegium; science; treatment

• Response to the Effects of Drought Spell on Livelihoods of Agro-Pastoralists in Northern Ghana by Alhassan, Suhiyini Issah; Yussif, Lukman; Sayibu, Mohammed Alhassan; Sayibu, Sulemana Wumbei (2025) - This makes livestock farmers more vulnerable to climatic shocks such as drought than crop farmers. Responding to the government’s registration of farmers for support, a District Livestock Officer stated that: “I have not registered livestock farmers who suffered the 2024 drought to benefit from the government’s support. Keywords: agro; drought; east; effect; ghana; livelihoods; livestock; northern; pastoralists; region; respondents; results; sample; support; survey; upper
• Can Panax Ginseng Aqueous Extract Improve Chilled and Cryopreserved Bull Spermatozoa? by Baiee, Falah; Haron, Abd Wahid; AL-mudhafr, Murtadha A.; Peter, Innocent Damudu; Yimer, Nurhusien (2020) - Kasimanickam et al. (2007) and Lymberopoulos and Khalifa (2010) showed that rising proportions of DNA-damaged sperm was related to declining field fertility of frozen–thawed bull semen. Effect of Panax ginseng extract on sperm membrane integrity of chilled bull sperm (%; Mean±SEM). Keywords: bull; control; effect; et al; evaluation; ginseng; groups; motility; panax; semen; sperm

• Effects of Bagging of the Panicles of Philippine Carabao Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Using Waxed Paper Bags by Ventura, Cherrilyn E; Jorge-Acain, Leslie R.; Paguia, Rina Q.; Paguia, Hermogenes M. (2022) - As a matter of fact, as stated in the works of Sharma & Sanikommu (2017), fruit bagging has gained popularity in several countries as a number of studies on fruit bagging results in the reduction of disease and insect-pest incidence, mechanical damage, sunburn, fruit cracking, agrochemical residues, and damage by birds in various fruit crops. All bagging treatments were comparable in terms of physical and chemical characteristics except for peel color which is lighter green in bagged fruits. Keywords: bagging; cluster; cost; fruits; mango; method; paper; paper bag; terms; total; trees

• Tracing the Flock: A Look at the Current State of Duck Raising Industry of Hermosa by Jorge-Acain, Leslie Rivera; Paguia, Hermogenes Mendiola (2022) - It is evident that through knowledge acquired from parents and relatives along with personal experiences, Hermosa duck raisers were able to generate best practices, techniques, and methods in duck raising. It can be decided that through knowledge acquired from their parents and relatives along with personal experiences, Hermosa duck raisers were able to identify best practices, techniques, and methods in duck raising. Keywords: duck; duck raiser; duck raising; egg; hermosa; industry; raiser; raising; rice; study; town

• Study On the Detection of Dry Matter in Silage Corn Feed Based on Near Infrared Spectroscopy by Shao, Changfeng; Zhu, Wenjing (2025) - To enhance model performance, feature wavelengths were selected using three methods: Bootstrap Soft Shrinkage (BOSS), Competitive Adaptive Reweighted Sampling (CARS), and Iterative Retained Information Variable (IRIV). Through multiple rounds of iterations, the algorithm gradually filters out the optimal subset of features, thereby reducing the impact of redundant and interfering variables on model performance. Keywords: algorithm; corn; data; feed; figure; matter; model; performance; prediction; preprocessing; pso; set; silage; wavelength

• Effect of Curcumin (Curcuma longa) and Red Ginger (Zingiber officinale) on Hematology Values of Broilers by Maksudi, Maksudi; Manin, Fahmida; Wigati, Sri; Insulistyawati, Anie; Aziz, Nurbani; Rahayu, Pudji (2020) - For this reason, the purpose of this study is to affect the use of curcumin (Curcuma longa) and red ginger (Zingiber officinale) in broiler chicken blood by looking at its hematological values. On the contrary, supplementation of feed with ginger up to 1% has been able to increase body weight and hematological parameters as well as the chemical components of chicken blood (Isidahomen, 2016). Keywords: blood; broiler; chickens; control; curcumin; diet; ginger; interval; period; results; use

• The Association of Calcium Profiles at Calving with Health and Performance of Holstein Cows and Their Calves by Gavan, Constantin; Riza, Mihaela (2021) - Lactating dairy cows with hypocalcemia had greater proportion of cows with Retained Fetal Membranes (RFM) metritis and culling within 60 days in milk (DIM), compared with non-hypocalcemia respectively. Those that fail can develop hypocalcemia, a common metabolic disorder in dairy cows that leads to an increased risk of detrimental health. Keywords: absorption; bone; calcium; calves; calving; cows; dairy; days; health; hypo; hypocalcemia; milk

• Biopesticidal Properties of Aqueous Crude Extracts of Tobacco (Nicotiana Tabacum L.) Against Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera Frugiperda J.E Smith) on Maize Foliage (Zea Mays L.) Diets by Sakadzo, Nyasha; Makaza, Kasirai; Chikata, Liberty (2020) - 3.3 Cumulative Mortalities of FAW after Exposure to N. tabacum Concentrations at 8 hours Results from the experiment for tobacco leaf extract concentrations eight hours after establishment of the trial indicated that there was a significantly higher mortality difference (p<0.05) between the lowest concentration of 25% and the highest concentration of 50%. Results for tobacco leaf extract concentrations ten hours after the start of the trial showed that there was a significantly higher mortality difference (p<0.05) between the lowest concentration of 25% and highest concentration of 50%. Keywords: concentration; exposure; extracts; faw; hours; leaf; maize; mortality; tabacum; tobacco

• Effect of Color During Transport and Anesthetic Efficacy of Alcoholic Drink, 2-Phenoxyethanol, Clove Oil, MS-222, and Benzocaine in Silver Therapon, Leiopotherapon plumbeus (Kner 1864) by Consigna, Mark June S.; Corpuz, Mark Nell Castillo (2023) - Wild populations of freshwater fishes, however, are imperiled by overfishing, habitat alterations (Corpuz et al. 2015), and the presence of alien invasive species causing their natural populations to dwindle (Corpuz et al. 2018). Fish mortalities were monitored at 0-h, 6-h, and 12-h transport times. Keywords: alcoholic; anesthetic; clove; fish; induction; l-1; oil; recovery; time
• Analysis of the Ichtyological Composition of Smoked Fish Sold in the Liberté and Gambela markets in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo by Swana, Willy Lusasi; Kilunda, Rosette Manza; Muamba, Nadine Bipendu; Kilingwa, Clement Munganga; Nkosi, Goslin Gafuene; Kiamfu, Victor Pwema (2020) - In order to make it possible to systematically identify smoked fish that have been recorded, we used the vernacular (in Lingala) and common (in French) names of fish collected from smoked fish vendors in the Liberté and Gambela markets. Abstract The objective of this study is to analyse the ichthyological composition of smoked fish sold in the Liberté and Gambela markets in Kinshasa in the Democratic Republic of Congo through a systematic inventory. Keywords: congo; families; fish; gambela; kinshasa; liberté; markets; republic; species; spp; study; vendors

• Numerical Analysis of Spreading Process of Ellipsoidal Spraying Droplet Impacting on Superhydrophobic Surface by Pan, Qingmin; Tu, Deyu; Tong, Baohong; Hu, Yongguang; Wang, Tao (2020) - Schematic diagram of the initial time of pesticide droplet impact on wall surface Table 1. The detailed research on the spreading of ellipsoidal droplets not only provides a foundation for the regulation of droplet size, but also promotes the use of interface tracking method in pesticide spraying research. Keywords: droplet; figure; impact; liquid; spreading; surface; time; velocity

• Households' Choice of Genotypes and Traits of Preference in Yoruba Ecotype Chicken in Ibadan, Nigeria by Abiola, Popoola Moshood; Luqman O, Lamidi; Moshood, Raji Ademola; Luqman, Adebisi Gbadebo; Joy, Onuoha Chinyere; Oyebamiji, Olaoye Ridwan (2020) - Respondents’ preference for genotype of Yoruba Ecotype chicken Table 3 showed the quality attributes of Yoruba ecotype chicken genotype as preferred by respondents. Quality attributes of Yoruba ecotype chicken genotype as preferred by respondents Traits of preference Frizzle feather Naked neck Keywords: chicken; ecotype; feather; neck; preference; respondents; result; study; traits; yoruba

• Retrospective Study on the Occurrence of Reportable Priority Cattle Diseases in Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples’ Regional State, Southern Ethiopia by Oyda, Semayat; Abebe, Rahmeto; Megersa, Bekele (2020) - For retrospective study of cattle disease outbreaks, all zone and special districts found in SNNPRS were included in the study irrespective of the frequency and regularity of reporting to the MoLF or to SNNPRS Bureau of Livestock and Fishery. Total number of cattle disease outbreaks, morbidity and deaths reported during the period 2007 to 2015 from SNNPRS Zone/Special District No. of reports expected No. of reports submitted Total Outbreak Total cases Total deaths Alaba SD 108 31 (28.7) 29 (2) 511 (1.1) 154 (3.3) Amaro SD 108 1 (0.9) 1 (0.07) 8 (0.02) 5 (0.11) Basketo SD 108 3 (2.8) 3 (0.2) 104 (0.23) 13 (0.28) Benchi Maji 1080 20 (1.9) 20 (1.3) 2259 (5.1) 217 (4.6) Burji SD 108 3 (2.8) 3 (0.2) 196 (0.44) 1 (0.02) Keywords: anthrax; blackleg; cases; cattle; disease; fmd; livestock; lsd; number; outbreaks; period; season; study; total; zone

• The The Efectiveness of Jamblang (Syzygium cumini) Leaves Extract Inclusion Skim Milk-Egg Yolk Extender on Motility and Viability of Aceh Cattle Spermatozoa during Pre-Freezing and Post-Thawing by Novita, Cut Intan; Nasution, Faqihuddin; Sari, Eka Meutia (2021) - In accordance with the results of previous research performed by Bucak et al. (2008), it was discovered that antioxidant additives can be used to increase the efficiency of sperm cryopreservation, where the use of an antioxidant (cysteine) gave the best results for post-thawing spermatozoa motility (61.0±1.9%). Based on this background, it is necessary to further study the effect of the addition of jamblang (Syzygium cumini) leaves extract in skim milk-egg yolks extender on the motility and viability of Aceh cattle spermatozoa during pre-freezing and post-thawing. Keywords: aceh; cattle; egg; egg yolk; extract; freezing; jamblang leaves; milk; motility; percentage; post; process; semen; skim; skim milk; spermatozoa; thawing; yolk

• Effects of Time of Earthing Up on Yield and Yield Parameters of Irish Potato (Solanum Tuberosum L.) in Zaka District, Zimbabwe by Sakadzo, Nyasha; Tafirenyika, Fortune; Makaza, Kasirayi (2020) - According to Svubureet al. (2015), potato tubers covered with soil less than 5cm will be exposed and prone to pest attack. When potato tubers are exposed to light, amyloplasts are converted to chloroplasts in tuber peripheral cell layers, which cause the accumulation of the green photosynthetic pigment (Fanos et al., 2015). Keywords: effects; greening; irish; number; potato; time; tubers; weeks; yield; zimbabwe

Epilogue

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Created: 2025-12-23