




































 Agricultural Science; Vol. 4, No. 2; 2022 
ISSN 2690-5396   E-ISSN 2690-4799 

https://doi.org/10.30560/as.v4n2p29 

29                             Published by IDEAS SPREAD 
 

Effects of Bagging of the Panicles of Philippine Carabao Mango 
(Mangifera indica L.) Using Waxed Paper Bags 

Cherrilyn E. Ventura1, Leslie R. Jorge-Acain2, Rina Q. Paguia1 & Hermogenes M. Paguia3 
1 College of Agriculture and Fisheries, Bataan Peninsula State University, Abucay, Bataan, Philippines 
2 College of Business and Accountancy, Bataan Peninsula State University, Capitol Compound, Balanga City, 
Bataan, Philippines 
3 Vice President for Research, Extension and Training Services, Bataan Peninsula State University, Capitol 
Compound, Balanga City, Bataan, Philippines 
Correspondence: Cherrilyn E. Ventura, College of Agriculture and Fisheries, Bataan Peninsula State University, 
Abucay, Bataan, Philippines. E-mail: ceventura@bpsu.edu.ph 

 
Received: September 26, 2022   Accepted: October 11, 2022   Online Published: October 19, 2022 
 
The research is financed by Bataan Peninsula State University Research Development Office. 
 
Abstract 
The present study was conducted in Brgy. Dangcol, Balanga City, Bataan to evaluate the effect of bagging the 
whole panicle (cluster) of carabao mango fruit with waxed paper bag as compared to traditional method of bagging 
and without bagging in terms of fruit yield and quality as well as in cost-benefit analysis. Results revealed that 
fruits bagged per cluster using waxed paper (T3) obtained the highest number of marketable fruits (130.60) and 
highest total weight of 34.21 kg while the number and weight of XL fruits with no bag (T1) were significantly 
higher as compared to those bagged in cluster using waxed paper (T3). Insect damage was observed in fruits 
bagged per cluster using waxed paper bag (T3) while there is a scab in fruit with no bag (T1). Meanwhile, there is 
a wind scar observed in the two bagging methods (conventional bagging method and fruits bagged per cluster 
using waxed paper bag). All bagging treatments were comparable in terms of physical and chemical characteristics 
except for peel color which is lighter green in bagged fruits. In terms of income, mango fruits bagged per cluster 
using waxed paper bag (T3) had the highest gross income of PhP 3,056.27 while the highest net income and ROI 
was recorded in fruits bagged in conventional method (T2) earning PhP 616.09 per tree with 27.23% ROI. The 
conventional method (T2) also obtained the lowest cost per tree (PhP 2,262.36) while the lowest cost per kilogram 
(PhP 73.05) and cost per fruit (PhP 19.14) was recorded in mango trees bagged per cluster using waxed paper bag 
(T3).  
Keywords: bagging, Bataan, carabao mango, panicle bagging, conventional bagging, waxed paper bag 
1. Introduction 
In the report of the Department of Agriculture (2018), the Philippines, which had earned a reputation for innovation 
in the mango industry has now lagged behind in the world market despite the claim for having the best mango 
variety. The local yield of 4.1 mt/ha is way below the world average of 7.65 mt/ha and is not even half that of 
Thailand with almost 8.20 mt/ha. Meanwhile, out of the seven provinces in Central Luzon, Bataan is second to the 
last in terms of volume of production which only has 3.0 thousand metric tons (PSA, 2020). Obviously, there is a 
lot of work to doing order to catch up with other leading mango producers. This is an indicator that yield must 
sustainably increase and the quality of both fresh and processed products be improved in order to be competitive 
in the international markets. 
In view of the current trend in mango industry, the Bataan Peninsula State University conducted a project under 
CHED DARE TO Project which aims to educate, train and encourage the farmers to adopt and practice the correct 
S&T interventions to improve the quality and quantity of the harvested fruits as well as to protect the environment 
and the consumer. In the study conducted by Jorge et al. in 2021, results revealed that there was an increase in 
yield in the adoption of the sustainable farming technology introduced in the program but the problems in the 
farmers fight against pests was a cause for failure to achieve the farms’ maximum potential to profit. 
Pest like cecid fly, fruit flies, scale insects, hoppers mealy bugs and thrips are still one of the major cause of lower 



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yield and quality of the mango fruits and usually addressed using chemical mixes with multiple active ingredients 
in varying levels. To reduce the pesticide spray, bagging of mango fruit is one of the practices that provide physical 
protection against pest and believed to have a long term effects in the environment and to the consumer. Evaluation 
of some other bagging materials and techniques need to be consider as an alternative bagging method. Hence, this 
study was conducted as an offshoot of observed practices from the completed studies under the CHED DARE TO 
Project of Bataan Peninsula State University on Innovative Mango Farming Technologies extended to participating 
farm across the province of Bataan. This study conducted was an experimental study on the use of two 
interventions namely the use of waxed brown bag as the fruit bagging material and in the method of bagging 
covering the whole panicle (cluster) as opposed to the traditional bagging where the bags are specifically used 
directly on the fruit that requires protection. Data were collected as to the effect of the material and process 
mentioned in the equality and quantity of the harvest within one fruiting season. 
The result of the study may be used as a baseline data in crafting a modified package of technology in mango 
farming that would promote higher quality yield and profit. The result could also address the sustainable 
development goal of responsible consumption and production through utilization of technology that is environment 
friendly and safe for human consumption. As a matter of fact, as stated in the works of Sharma & Sanikommu 
(2017), fruit bagging has gained popularity in several countries as a number of studies on fruit bagging results in 
the reduction of disease and insect-pest incidence, mechanical damage, sunburn, fruit cracking, agrochemical 
residues, and damage by birds in various fruit crops. 
2. Method 
2.1 Experimental Area 
One participating mango farm (orchard) at Brgy. Dangcol, City of Balanga, Bataan, Philippines was the study 
locale; which is owned and managed by one of the farm cooperators of Bataan. The fifteen (15) experimental 
carabao mango trees were randomly selected and considered in the experiment. The application of the bags was 
supervised with constant monitoring was all throughout the fruiting season to observe other possible elements/ 
factors that may arise and be on guard to mitigate and manage to control other variables.  
2.2 Experimental Design and Treatments 
The study is a single factor experiment arranged in Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The pre-determined 
farm is located in the Province of Bataan where three (3) sets of observable clusters of mango trees were marked. 
The fifteen (15) experimental trees was randomly distributed with three (3) major treatments consisted of five (5) 
replications per treatment with one (1) tree per replicate. The experimental treatments were as follows - T1 
(control): no bagging of mango fruits, T2 (conventional bagging method): traditional fruit bagging methods in 
which each developing mango fruits at 35-55 days after flower induction (DAFI) will be wrapped manually using 
Triangular/Marsman style brown paper bag by the skilled bagger, and T3 (Waxed paper Bagging of mango fruit 
clusters or panicles): bagging of the mango fruit clusters or panicles during the early fruit development stage using 
the brown waxed paper bag sized 12”X15” #60 with 90 GSM thickness. 
2.3 Data Gathered 
2.3.1 Farm Profile 
This include the farm location, farm size, number of mango trees, distance in between trees, age of trees, crops 
under the trees, agents/ chemicals applied, last date of application of agents/ chemicals, type of bag used for 
bagging, size of bag used, paste/ sealer used in bagging, size/age of mango fruit when bagging is implemented, 
date of bagging, date of harvest, method of harvest procedure/ system applied. 
2.3.2 Yield Quantity 
To determine the effect of bagging in terms of quantity of yield, the total number of fruits, total weight of fruits, 
percentage of fruit drop as well the number and weight of marketable fruits per sizes (Extra Small-160-199 g, 
Small- 200-249 g, Medium-250-299 g, Large-300-349 g, and Extra Large-350 g and above) were gathered in the 
experiment. 
2.3.3 Yield Quality 
To determine the effect of bagging in terms of quality of the fruit, the physical characteristics (presence of insect 
damage, scab and winds car, and color) and chemical properties (firmness, pH, total soluble solid, titratable acidity, 
and total soluble solid over titratable acidity) were determined and analyzed in the study. 
 



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2.3.4 Cost-Benefit Analysis 
This is analyzed and computed by getting the production cost per tree, gross income, net income, return on 
investment, cost per kilogram and cost per fruit. 
2.4 Statistical Analyses 
All data gathered from the experiment were analyze using analysis of variance (ANOVA) for single factor 
experiment in Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Treatment means were compared using Least Significant 
Difference (LSD) at 5% level of significance. Statistical analyses were performed using a statistical package 
software, Statistical Tool for Agriculture Research (STAR). 
3. Results and Discussion 
3.1 Farm Profile 
The experimental farm is located at Brgy. Dangcol, City of Balanga, Bataan, an upland area with a total farm size 
of 4.0 hectares. Out of the 200 total number of mango trees in the farm, fifteen (15) participating trees were 
randomly selected for the experiment with 10 x 10 m planting distance in between trees with age ranging from 20 
to 25 years old. There is no crops planted in between trees (no intercrop) . 
The prime objective of the study is to observe the difference in the fruit quality and yield of mango from non-
bagging of fruit to the use of conventional brown paper bag and the experimental waxed paper bag. The bag 
specifications and significant dates were as follow: 
 
Table 1. Bag specification and significant dates during the conduct of the experiment 

Method of 
Bagging 

Type of 
Bag 

Size Paste/ 
sealer 
used 

Age of Mango 
Fruit When 
Bagging was 
implemented

Date of 
Bagging

Date of 
Harvest 

 

Method of 
harvest 

procedure/ 
system 
applied 

Conventional 
bagging 
method 

Triangular/ 
Marsman 
style brown 
paper bag 

15 cm x 
20 cm 

Stapler 
wire 

48-52 DAFI March 
6-7, 
2022 

May 5, 
2022 

Manual 
Harvesting 

Experimental 
Bagging 
covering the 
whole panicles 
(cluster) 

brown 
paper bag 

12”X15” 
(20 cm x 
30 cm)  
#60 with 
90 GSM 
thickness 

Stapler 
wire 

48-52 DAFI March 
6-7, 
2022 

May 5, 
2022 

Manual 
Harvesting 

 
3.2 Effects of Fruit Bagging  
To determine the effects of the fruit bags used in the experiment, the harvests were collected. Each of the mango 
fruit harvested were sorted and classified according to size and quality. 
In terms of the effect of bagging on the quantity of yield, it can be observed in Table 2 that there was no significant 
difference among bagging treatments in terms of total number of harvested marketable fruits, total weight and in 
percentage of fruit drops. However, although statistically not significant, we can note that the highest number of 
marketable fruits was recorded in fruits bagged per panicle (cluster) using waxed paper (T3) with 130.60 fruits 
followed by fruits individually bagged which is the conventional bagging method (T2) with 112.40 fruits while 
the lowest number of fruits was observed in fruits with no bag with only 90.40 fruits. In terms of total weight, it is 
also the fruits bagged per cluster using waxed paper (T3) which obtained the highest weight of 34.21 kg followed 
by fruits individually bagged which is the conventional bagging method (T2) with 30.91 kg while the lowest yield 
was observed in fruits with no bag with only 26.52 kg. 
 



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Table 2. Number of marketable fruit harvested, total weight of marketable fruit harvested and percentage of fruit 
drop 

Bagging Methods Total Number of 
Marketable Fruit 

Harvested 

Total Weight of 
Marketable Fruit 

Harvested 

Percentage of 
Fruit Drops 

T1- No bagging 90.40a 26.52a 30a 

T2-Conventional bagging method 112.40a 30.91a 30a 

T3-Bagging of fruits per panicle (cluster) 
using waxed paper bagging method 

130.60a 34.21a 30a 

Means with the same letter within the same column are not significantly different at 5% level of significance 
 
For the percentage of fruit drop, all the bagging treatments have 30% fruit drop which is inflicted by harsh weather 
condition and series of tropical depression, tropical storm and very strong typhoon during the duration of the 
conduct of the study which also resulted to dropping of bagged fruits, removal of covered bags and  much lower 
yield. 
 
Table 3. Total number and weight of mango fruits according to size 

 
Harvested fruits per treatment were also sorted and classified according to size and weight. As presented in Table 
3, in terms of total number of fruit classified as extra large (XL), the fruits with no bag (T1) significantly had the 
highest number of fruits (24.60) as compared to trees with waxed paper bagged in cluster (T3) with 14.60 fruits. 
This result implies that the fruits are much bigger when there is no bagging material use as fruit covering or 
protection.On the other hand, the number of XL fruits of trees bagged in conventional method was comparable 
with the number of XL fruits of trees with waxed paper and without bag. Meanwhile in terms total number of fruits 
in sizes large (L), medium (M), small (S), and extra small (XS), it can be noted that there were no significant 
differences observed among the three bagging methods, although we can observe that the highest number of fruits 
produced in sizes large to extra small was recorded in trees bagged in cluster using waxed paper bag (T3). 
Presented also in Table 3 is the total weight of harvested marketable fruits in various sizes. There is a significant 
difference among bagging treatments in terms of total weight of fruits classified as extra large (XL) wherein the 
fruits with no bag (T1) significantly had the heaviest weight of XL fruits having 8.78 kg as compared to trees with 
waxed paper bagged in cluster (T3) with only 5.21 kg of fruits. Meanwhile in sizes large (L), medium (M), small 
(S), and extra small (XS), the highest weight was all recorded in trees bagged in cluster using waxed paper bag 
(T3), although statistically all the bagging treatments were just comparable with each other. 

Bagging 
Methods 

Total Fruits per Size 

 

Total Weight (in kg) per Size  
XL L M S XS XL L M S XS 

T1- 
No bagging 

24.60a 24.60a 24.60a 9.60a 7.00a 8.78a 7.94a 6.52a 2.06a 1.22a 

T2-

Conventional 
bagging method 

18.80ab 24.00a 39.60a 17.80a 12.20a 6.71ab 7.75a 10.50a 3.83a 2.12a 

T3-Bagging of 
fruits per 
panicle (cluster) 
using waxed 
paper bagging 
method 

14.60b 26.80a 40.40a 27.60a 21.20a 5.21b 8.66a 10.71a 5.94a 3.69a 

Means with the same letter within the same column are not significantly different at 5% level of significance 



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In terms of the effect of bagging on the presence of disease, scar and physical damage, the harvested fruits were 
examined carefully to check the presence or absence of damage. As presented in Table 4, there is an insect damage 
in the collected sample harvest in fruits bagged per cluster using waxed paper bag (T3) with 0.20 while there is no 
observed insect damage in fruits with no bag (T1) and in the conventional bagging method (T2). On the other hand, 
there was a presence of scab in collected fruits with no bag (T1) while there is none observed in the two bagging 
methods (conventional bagging method and fruits bagged per cluster using waxed paper bag). Similar result on 
scab was reported on the study of Buganic et al. (1997) wherein the rejection in unbagged fruits was due to scab. 
Meanwhile there is a presence of wind scar observed in the two bagging methods (conventional bagging method 
and fruits bagged per cluster using waxed paper bag) while no wind scar was detected in fruits with no bag. 
Color, firmness and chemical parameters such as pH, total soluble solid, percentage of titratable acidity and 
TSS/TA were determined using the sample harvest and was submitted in the regional laboratory for analysis. As 
observed in the Table 4, in terms of color, the fruits bagged in the conventional bagging method (T2) had much 
lighter green color and has a much appealing visual appearance as compared to the fruits with no bag which has a 
darker green color. Similar result was reported in the study of Wu et al. (2013) that bagged fruits has higher peel 
lightness due to reduced content of chlorophyll. This result also supports the study of Muhammad et al. (2021) 
which revealed that bagging resulted to improved fruiting color as also mention in the result of the study of Xu et 
al. (2010) which revealed that fruit weight decreased but the fruit appearance improved with bagging. The color 
of fruit bagged in conventional method also had much lighter green color as compared to the fruits bagged in 
waxed paper bag. On the other hand, for the rest of the other chemical parameters, all the bagging methods (T1, 
T2, T3) were comparable with each other. This result support the study of Hofman et al. (1997) which revealed 
that TSS and TA were not generally affected by bagging. Similar study on bagging were conducted by Allran et 
al. (2019), Islam et al. (2019), and Campbell et al. (2021) which all revealed no significant difference between the 
bagged and control fruit (no bag) in terms of Brix degree (TSS). 
However, although statistically insignificant, it can be observed that fruits bagged per cluster using waxed paper 
bag (T3) have much firmer fruits (1.32 Kg-F) while fruits bagged in conventional method had higher pH of 4.38, 
and highest titratable acidity of 0.44%. Meanwhile, the fruits having no bag obtained the highest TSS of 18.24, as 
well as the highest TSS/TA of 47.18.  
 
 
 
3.3 Cost- Benefit Analysis Per Tree 
 

Bagging 
Methods 

Insect 
Damage

Scab Wind 
Scar 

Color Firmness 
(Kg-F) 

pH Total 
Soluble 
Solid 

(TSS) % 
Brix 

Titratable 
Acidity 
(TA), % 

TSS/TA

T1- 
No bagging 0.00a 0.20a 0.00a Darker 

green 1.19a 4.36a 18.24a 0.39a 47.18a 

T2-

Conventional 
bagging method 
 

0.00a 0.00a 0.20a 
Light 

green/Pale 
green 

0.83a 4.38a 17.28a 0.44a 42.02a 

T3-Bagging of 
fruits per 
panicle (cluster) 
using waxed 
paper bagging 
method 

0.20a 0.00a 0.20a Green 1.32a 4.28a 18.00a 0.42a 44.50a 

Scale used for Insect damage, scab, and wind scar: 0=absent; 1=present 

Means with the same letter within the same column are not significantly different at 5% level of significance 



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Particulars 
No Bagging 

(T1) 
 

Conventional 
Bagging 

(T2) 

Bagging of Fruit Per Panicle 
(Cluster) using waxed paper 

bag (T3) 

l. Cost of Agricultural Supplies 
Bagging materials - 100.00 320.00 
Fertilizers 100.00 100.00 100.00 
Pesticides 933.60 549.16 549.16 
Flower Inducer 36.00 36.00 36.00 
Growth Regulators 300.00 300.00 300.00 
Litter materials 100.00 100.00 100.00 
Kaing 40.00 60.00 60.00 
Manila Paper 7.76 130.00 130.00 
Gasoline and Oil 70.00 70.00 70.00 
Sub-Total 1,587.36 1,445.16 1,665.16 
ll. Labor Cost    
Pruning 126.00 126.00 126.00 
Bagging - 223.20 240.00 
Fertilizing 18.00 18.00 18.00 
Flower Induction 54.00 54.00 54.00 
Spraying 432.00 270.00 270.00 
Harvesting 126.00 126.00 126.00 
Sub-Total 756.00 817.20 834.00 
Total 2,343.36 2,262.36 2,499.16 
Gross Income (in PhP)  2,056.94a 2,878.45a 3,056.27a 
Net Income (in PhP) (-286.42)a    616.09a   557.11a 
ROI (%)     -12.22a      27.23a     22.29a 
Cost per tree (in PhP)  2343.36a 2262.36a 2499.16a 
Cost per kg (in PhP)      88.36a      73.19a     73.05a 
Cost per fruit (in PhP)      25.92a     20.13a     19.14a 
Means with the same letter within the same column are not significantly different at 5% level of significance 
1$ = 55.63 PhP  

 
The gross and net income as well as the return on investment were also gathered in the unbagged treatment and in 
the two bagging methods. Statistically, there were no significant difference observed among treatments in these 
parameters. Based on the gathered data, in terms gross income, it can be noted that mango fruits bagged per panicle 
(cluster) using waxed paper bag (T3) had the highest gross income of PhP 3,056.27 followed by fruits bagged in 
conventional method (T2) with PhP 2,878.45 income while the lowest income was recorded in trees with no bag 
having PhP 2,056.94 gross income. Meanwhile, in terms of net income, the highest income was recorded in fruits 
bagged in conventional method (T2) earning PhP 616.09 per tree followed by fruits bagged per cluster using waxed 
paper bag (T3) PhP 557.11 while the lowest net income was recorded in trees with no bag having a negative 
income (loss) of PhP 286.42. The loss recorded in fruits with no bag is primarily due to higher cost of production 
with eight sprays of pesticide but lowest in yield among treatments. On the other hand, in terms of return on 
investment (ROI), the highest ROI was recorded in conventional bagging method (T2) of 27.23% followed by 
mango fruits bagged per cluster using waxed paper bag (T3) with 22.29% ROI while a negative ROI was observed 
in trees with no bag (T1) with -12.22%. 
Based on gathered data, in terms of cost per tree, it can be observed that mango fruits bagged in conventional 
method (T2) had the lowest cost (PhP 2,162.36) of production per tree while fruits bagged per cluster using waxed 
paper bag (T3) had the highest cost of production of PhP 2,499.16 which is primarily attributed to the added cost 



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in price of the waxed paper bag and the labor of bagging the panicles/clusters. As stated in the works of Orden et 
al. (2005), the use of bagging and pruning entails more cost however, it has the potential to have a long term effects 
in the environment and to the consuming public as less chemical sprays me be lessen as fruit bag provide physical 
protection against insects and pests. 
Meanwhile, in terms of cost per kilogram of produce, the lowest cost was recorded in mango trees bagged per 
cluster using waxed paper bag (T3) with PhP 73.05 while the highest cost was recorded in mango trees with no 
bag having PhP 88.36 as cost per kilogram. Lastly, in terms of cost per fruit, the lowest cost was also observed in 
mango trees bagged per cluster using waxed paper bag (T3) with PhP 19.14 while the highest cost per fruit was 
recorded in mango trees with no bag (T1) having PhP 25.92. However, statistically, all treatments were comparable 
with each other in terms of the mentioned cost parameters. 
4. Conclusion and Recommendations 
Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded the trees with no bag significantly produced more extra large 
size of mango fruits as compared with trees with bag because there is no physical barrier that hinder is growth as 
reflected in the result of the study. On the other hand, the physical and chemical quality of the mango fruit were 
not significantly affected by bagging except for the color which is much appealing and lighter in conventional 
bagging method of individual bagging of fruits. 
The conventional bagging method revealed to be the most cost efficient among the treatments for having the 
highest net income, ROI, and lowest cost per tree while bagging the whole panicle (cluster) of fruit using waxed 
paper bag has a promising effect in the quality and quantity of the produce. Although statistically insignificant 
with the other treatments, it can be noted the highest number and highest weight of marketable fruits was observed 
in this bagging method. In addition, it also obtained the highest gross income, lowest cost per kilogram and lowest 
cost per fruit. 
Based on the research results and conclusions, it can be stated that to produce much larger fruits, it is not 
recommended to bag the mango fruit while the conventional bagging method is recommended for much improved 
color and appearance, highest net income, ROI, and lowest cost per tree. Further study and improvement on 
bagging the whole panicle (cluster) using waxed paper bag is also recommended for validation of its effect on fruit 
quality and quantity. Although initial data revealed that it has the highest yield but the expenses incurred in this 
method also increased due to additional bagging material which is much larger and much expensive, thus, added 
to the cost of production. On the other hand, further study and establishment in another farm setting, season and 
different kinds of paper bags is also recommended. 
Acknowledgments 
The authors are grateful for the funding support given by the BPSU Research Development Office; to the farmer 
co-operator for allowing the project team to use his mango trees; and to the reviewers who provided valuable 
comments and suggestion for the improvement of the research paper. 
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Copyrights 
Copyright for this article is retained by the author(s), with first publication rights granted to the journal. 
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 
license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). 
 

 
















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    /ENU (Use these settings to create Adobe PDF documents best suited for high-quality prepress printing.  Created PDF documents can be opened with Acrobat and Adobe Reader 5.0 and later.)
  >>
  /Namespace [
    (Adobe)
    (Common)
    (1.0)
  ]
  /OtherNamespaces [
    <<
      /AsReaderSpreads false
      /CropImagesToFrames true
      /ErrorControl /WarnAndContinue
      /FlattenerIgnoreSpreadOverrides false
      /IncludeGuidesGrids false
      /IncludeNonPrinting false
      /IncludeSlug false
      /Namespace [
        (Adobe)
        (InDesign)
        (4.0)
      ]
      /OmitPlacedBitmaps false
      /OmitPlacedEPS false
      /OmitPlacedPDF false
      /SimulateOverprint /Legacy
    >>
    <<
      /AddBleedMarks false
      /AddColorBars false
      /AddCropMarks false
      /AddPageInfo false
      /AddRegMarks false
      /ConvertColors /ConvertToCMYK
      /DestinationProfileName ()
      /DestinationProfileSelector /DocumentCMYK
      /Downsample16BitImages true
      /FlattenerPreset <<
        /PresetSelector /MediumResolution
      >>
      /FormElements false
      /GenerateStructure false
      /IncludeBookmarks false
      /IncludeHyperlinks false
      /IncludeInteractive false
      /IncludeLayers false
      /IncludeProfiles false
      /MultimediaHandling /UseObjectSettings
      /Namespace [
        (Adobe)
        (CreativeSuite)
        (2.0)
      ]
      /PDFXOutputIntentProfileSelector /DocumentCMYK
      /PreserveEditing true
      /UntaggedCMYKHandling /LeaveUntagged
      /UntaggedRGBHandling /UseDocumentProfile
      /UseDocumentBleed false
    >>
  ]
>> setdistillerparams
<<
  /HWResolution [2400 2400]
  /PageSize [612.000 792.000]
>> setpagedevice

