




































 Agricultural Science; Vol. 2, No. 2; 2020 
ISSN 2690-5396   E-ISSN 2690-4799 

https://doi.org/10.30560/as.v2n2p99 

99                             Published by IDEAS SPREAD 
 

Enhancing Soybean Production Through On-Farm Demonstration of 
Improved Soybean Varieties at Tselemti and Tahtay Adyabo Districts 

of North-Western Zone Tigray, Ethiopia 
 Teklemariam Abadi1, Desale Gebretsadik1, Abadi Girmay1, Tesfahun Mekuanint1 & Daniel Desta1 

1 Shire-Maitsebri Agricultural Research Centre, Ethiopia 
Correspondence: Teklemariam Abadi, Shire-Maitsebri Agricultural Research Centre, P.O.Box 81, Shire-
Indaslassie, Ethiopia. E-mail: teklish190 mail.com 
 
Received: June 9, 2020   Accepted: July 11, 2020   Online Published: July 28, 2020 
 
Abstract 
Soybean is a drought tolerant crop which can grow from low to medium altitudes. In the lowland areas of North-
Western Tigray the growing of leguminous crop is very low. To introduce soybean commodity in North-western 
Tigray, demonstration of improved soybean varieties were conducted in 2018/19. The trail was conducted at 
Tahtay Adyabo and Tselemti Districts that have a potential for growing the soybean. It was conducted by selecting 
three Kebelles from the districts. A total of 35 farmers were involved in the intervention. The necessary training 
was given to the participant farmers and experts. Following this improved seed of Awassa-95 and Gizo varieties 
at Tahtay Adyabo Districts, and Wegayen and Gizo seed at Tselemti District were offered to participant farmers. 
Each farmer have been planted a plot size of 0.02 ha for each of the two varieties. The descriptive result shows, 
Awassa-95 soybean variety has given significantly higher yield at Tahtay Adyabo as compared to Gizo variety. 
The variety was gave an average yield of 1067 kg/ha and 570 kg/ha respectively Awassa-95 and Gizo varieties. 
On the other hand an average yield of 1231 kg/ha and 1052 kg/ha, respectively was obtained for Gizo and Wegayen 
varieties at Tselemti District. This shows that Tselemti District is more better for the cropping of Gizo variety. 
Moreover, the improved soybean verities (Gizo at Tselemti district and Awassa-95 at Tahtay Adyabo district) were 
found to be early maturing and best option to moisture stressed areas for the society protein source. Based on the 
result it is recommended to be popularize Awassa-95 soybean variety at Tahtay Adyabo District and Gizao soybean 
varieties at Tselemti District to large farmers. Therefore, the research center and the office of agriculture and rural 
development of the Districts to be popularized the varieties to large number farmers of the areas.  
Keywords: demonstration, farmers perception, soybean 
1. Introduction 
Soybean (Glycine max) is one of the most important food plants of the world. This crop is tolerant to moisture 
stress which grows in the altitude ranged from 0-2200 m above sea level (Urgessa, 2015). Moreover, soybean is 
the main source of edible oil globally with the highest gross output of vegetable oil among the cultivated crops 
with total cultivated area of 121.5 million ha and total production of 334.8 million tons with the productivity of 
2.76 ton ha-1 (Dragan et al., 2016). Soybean is a stable food of great nutritional value. It is an important global 
crop providing oil and protein. Soybean plant has tawny or grey-color pubescence on the stems, leaves and pods 
and also the presence of rhizobium japonicum on the roots to fix atmospheric nitrogen. 
Considering many advantages of the crop, soybean was introduced to Ethiopia in the early 1950s. Though its 
introduction to the country it has become one of the most important lowland grain legumes in the country by 
adapting to diverse agro ecological zones. As soybean provides a nutritious combination of calorie and protein 
intake, producing and consuming more soybean would improve food insecurity and malnutrition of the society 
(Hailegiorgis, 2010). 
Even though soybean can be grown in different parts of the country, the major areas currently growing are in the 
Western and South-Western part of the country, notably Benishangul-Gumuz, Gambela and parts of Oromia 
Region and, to a lesser extent, in the Amhara Region. 
In recent years given the wide range of health and other diverse benefits of soybean; the country started exporting 
the crop. Production and area cultivated under soybean in the country has also shown an increased trend. For 
instance in area coverage it increased from 26,000 ha in 2013/14 to 38,072 ha in 2017/18 and in production it 



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raised from 49,000 ton in 2013/14 to 86,467.8 ton in 2017/18. Though Tigray Region has potential areas for 
growing soybean but cultivation of this crop is negligible and not yet included in the crop type produced in the 
region as reported by (CSA, 2018). So to introduce the crop to North-Western Tigray, Shire-Maitsebri Agricultural 
Research Center is conducting many research activities. Therefore Shire-Maitsebri Agricultural Research Center 
recommended three varieties namely, Gizo, Awassa-95 and Wegyen soybean varieties to be demonstrated at the 
farmers field. Thus, this study was aimed to enhance soybean production and create awareness on the improved 
soybean varieties to the farming community.  
2. Research Methodology  
2.1 Description of the Study Area 
The study was conducted at Tahtay Adyabo and Tselemti Districts of North-Western zone of Tigray, Ethiopia. 
Tahtay Adyabo is located at the degree of 14.05-14.89 oC Northing and 37.34-38.17 oC Easting. The District has 
38-40oC of temperature and 450mm-550 mm annual rainfall. Agro ecologically 94.13% of the District is lowland 
and the remaining 5.87% is midland. Likewise, Tselemti District is located in the altitude ranges from 800-2870 
meter above sea level, and latitude and longitude of 13o05’N and 38o 08’ E, respectively. The mean maximum and 
minimum temperature are 38oCand 16o

C respectively and the area receives annual rainfall of 758-1100 mm. Agro 
ecologically 78.35%, 19% and 2.65% of the District is lowland, midland and highland, respectively (OoARD of 
the hosted Districts, 2016). Demonstration of the improved soybean variety was conducted at lowland parts of the 
Districts in 2018 by purposively selecting according their potentials for growing the crop. Three potential for 
growing soybean Kebelles namely; Lemlem, Medhanalem and Wuhdet Kebelles was selected for conducting the 
demonstration trail. A total of 35 farmers were participated in executing of the trail. Training was given to farmers, 
DAs and experts. Improved seed of Wegayen and Gizo soybean varieties in Tselemti and, seed of Gizo and Awasa-
95 soybean varieties in Tahtay Adyabo District were delivered to the farmers. Each farmer has planted a plot size 
of 0.02 ha for each of the two varieties. Experience sharing was held at maturity stage of the crop by including 
farmers, Development Agents, Experts and researchers. 
 

 
Figure 1. Map of the study area 

 



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2.2 Data Collection and Analysis 
Quantitatively data on grain yield was collected from the farmers field using a quadrant. Whereas for the qualitative 
data, farmers’ perception have been collected from 18 farmers on different attributes of the commodity. The 
response of the farmers on the demonstrated of improved soybean varieties was collected from 18 randomly 
selected farmers. Attributes such as germination performance, higher number of capsule, early maturity, drought 
tolerance, diseases tolerance, insect tolerance, its taste, seed weight and grain yield was used to compare the 
improved soybean varieties for the specified commodity attributes. Five levels strongly disagree, disagree, no 
change, agree and strongly agree was used to compare the attributes for the varieties. The scale for levels is given 
starting from 1-5 respectively for the mentioned levels. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive statistics 
such as mean, Std.Dev and percent.  
3. Result and Discussions  
3.1 Grain Yield 
 
Table 1. Yield obtained from improved soybean varieties (n=9)  

SN District  Variety Min 
(kg/ha) 

Max 
(kg/ha)

Mean 
(kg/ha)

Std.Dev. P-va lue Yield increment 
in (%) 

1 Tselemti Wegayen 520 1381 1052 3.953 0.489 17.01 
Gizo 633 1650 1231 3.879 

2 T/Adyabo Gizo 378 710 570 1.460 0.004 87.19 
Awassa-
95 

820 1200 1067 1.692 

 
Gizo variety gave better yield as compared to Wegayen at Tselemti District, which is 17.01% yield increment. On 
the other side in Tahtay Adyabo District Awassa-95, gave significantly higher yield than Gizo soybean variety 
which is 87.19% yield increment. Though the productivity of the soybean obtained in the area is below the national 
average which is 2270 kg/ha, but the yield gained in the area is promising result (CSA, 2018). 
 

  
Figure 2. Farmers conducted managemental practices on the demonstrated improved soybean varieties (Ms 

Shwaynesh Redda and Mr Gebru Redda) at Tahtay Adyabo district, August 2018 
 



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Figure 4. Farmers field day on the demonstrated soybean varieties, September 2018  
 
3.2 Farmers Preference 
As indicated in table 2 farmers were preferred Awassa-95 soybean variety in attributes such as early maturity, 
drought tolerance, capsule number and its yield as compared to Gizo variety. In general base the farmers are 
agreeing as Awassa-95 soybean variety is preferred on the main attributes of the commodity as compared to Gizo 
variety at Tahtay Adyabo District. On the other hand farmers agreed that Gizo variety were better in its earliness, 
capsule number and its yield as compared to Wegayen variety at Tselemti District. Generally, farmers had 
preferred Awassa-95 and Gizo as better performing variety with the overall mean score of 4.55 and 4.44 
respectively at Tahtay Adyabo and Tselemti District (Table2). 
 
Table 2. Farmers’ response on attributes of soybean, Awassa-95 versus Gizo soybean variety at Tahtay Adyabo 
District and Gizo versus Wegayen variety at Tselemti District.  

SN  
Attributes  

At Tahtay Adyabo District 
 N (8) 

 At Tselemti District  
 N (10) 

 Variety  Variety 
 Gizo Awassa-95  Gizo Wegayen 

1 Germination performance 5 5 5 5 
2 Early maturity 2 5 2 2 
3 Capsule number  2 5 4 3 
4 Drought tolerance  2 5 5 4 
5 Diseases tolerance  3 4 5 3 
6 Insects tolerance  3 4 5 2 
7 Its taste in stew or other forms  4 4 5 4 
8 Seed weight  4 4 4 4 
9 Grain yield  3 5 5 3 
 Total score 28 41 40 30 
 Mean  3.11 4.55 4.44 3.33 

 
4. Conclusion and Recommendations  
Demonstration trail of improved soybean varieties was conducted at Tselemti and Tahtay Adyabo Districts. On 
average basis, Gizo variety gave higher yield as compared to Wegayen soybean variety at Tselemti District. But 
at Tahtay Adyabo District, Awassa-95 was gave better yield than Gizo variety. Therefore, the improved variety, 



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Gizo soybean variety, at Tselemti District and Awassa-95 soybean variety at Tahtay Adyabo District has to be 
popularized to large farmers of the area so as to enhance the leguminous crop production in the area.  
Acknowledgement 
The authors would like to acknowledge Agricultural Growth Programme for the research grant. Special thanks 
also go to agricultural experts and respondent farmers of the hosted Districts for their kind cooperation in 
conducting the study. 
References  
CSA (Central Statistics Agency). (2014). Area and production of Major crops, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. 
CSA (Central Statistics Agency). (2018). Area and production of Major crops, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. 
Dragan, T., Vera, P., Mladen, T., Viliana, V., Vera, D., … Pasaga, A. (2016). Soybean Area, Yield and Production 

in World. Xxii Eco-Conference. 2018. Ecological Movement of Novi Sad. Retrieved from 
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327982246 

Hailegiorgis, B. A. (2011). Export Performance of Oilseeds and ITS Determinants in Ethiopia. American Journal 
of Economics, 1(1), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.5923/j.economics.20110101.01 

OoARD (Office of Agriculture and Rural Development). (2016). Unpublished report of the hosted Districts. 
Urgessa, T. (2015). Empirical Review of Production, Productivity and Marketability of Soya Bean in Ethiopia. 

International Journal of u-and e-Service, Science and Technology, 8(1), 61-66. 
https://doi.org/10.14257/ijunesst.2015.8.1.06 

 
Copyrights 
Copyright for this article is retained by the author(s), with first publication rights granted to the journal. 
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 
license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). 
 
















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    /ENU (Use these settings to create Adobe PDF documents best suited for high-quality prepress printing.  Created PDF documents can be opened with Acrobat and Adobe Reader 5.0 and later.)
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      /PDFXOutputIntentProfileSelector /DocumentCMYK
      /PreserveEditing true
      /UntaggedCMYKHandling /LeaveUntagged
      /UntaggedRGBHandling /UseDocumentProfile
      /UseDocumentBleed false
    >>
  ]
>> setdistillerparams
<<
  /HWResolution [2400 2400]
  /PageSize [612.000 792.000]
>> setpagedevice

