




































 Agricultural Science; Vol. 2, No. 1; 2020 
ISSN 2690-5396   E-ISSN 2690-4799 

https://doi.org/10.30560/as.v2n1p282 

282                             Published by IDEAS SPREAD 
 

Combined Effects of Nutrient Management on Nutrient Content and 
Uptake of Transplant Aus Rice (BRRI Dhan48) 

Nahid Kaisar1, Abu Zofar Md. Moslehuddin2, Md. Mahbubul Alam Tarafder3 & Md. Sohanur Rahman4 

1 Department of Soil Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Bangladesh 
2 Professor, Department of Soil Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Bangladesh 
3 Senior Scientific Officer, Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Bangladesh 
4 Scientific Officer, Department of Entomology, Bangladesh Jute Research Institute, Bangladesh 
Correspondence: Md. Sohanur Rahman, Scientific Officer, Department of Entomology, Bangladesh Jute Research 
Institute, Bangladesh. E-mail: sohanbau2010@gmail.com 
 
Received: May 21, 2020   Accepted: June 7, 2020   Online Published: June 12, 2020 
 
Abstract 
A field experiment was conducted at Sutiakhali, Mymensingh for crop production and chemical analysis was 
performed at Department of soil science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh to see the combined 
effect of nutrient management on nutrient content and uptake of Transplant  Aus  rice (BRRI dhan48) during 
march to july 2015 following Randomized Complete Block Design with four replications. The treatments were 
T1: RD (N75 P12 K45 S9), T2: STB (N74 P11 K36 S7), T3: INM (N54 P5 K27 S5+ CD @ 5.0 t ha−1), T4: 
Farmer’s practice (N69 P30 K37), and T5: Control (no fertilizer). The NPKS content and uptake by BRRI dhan48 
were also influenced significantly due to combined use of manure and fertilizers. The maximum N, P, K and S 
uptake by grain (35.55, 6.99, 15.20 and 3.38 kg/ha respectively) were obtained from the application of Integrated 
Nutrient Management. The minimum N, P, K and S uptake by grain (20.08, 3.64, 8.35 and 1.74 kg/ha respectively) 
were found from T5: Control. Similarly, The maximum N, P, K and S uptake by straw (3.38, 5.43, 99.25 and 7.37 
kg/ha respectively) were found from T3: INM. The minimum N, P, K and S uptake by straw (1.74, 2.67, 49.70 
and 3.87 kg/ha respectively) were obtained from T5 (Control). The performance of the treatment T3 was better 
than T1, T2, T4 and T5 in nutrient content and uptake of BRRI dhan48. Considering nutrient content and uptake, 
the application of chemical fertilizers in combination with manure based on INM could be recommended for BRRI 
dhan48 production in aus season. 
Keywords: nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, sulphur, grain, straw, fertilizer, BRRI dhan48, soil 
1. Introduction 
Rice is the staple food crop in Bangladesh. Plant nutrients are essential for proper crop development, plant growth 
and also of their internal metabolism. Soil with low organic matter, inappropriate use of chemical fertilizers, low 
use of organic manures made the situation difficult (Karim et al. 1994). Uneven use of fertilizers has a adverse 
effect on crop production (Rijpma and Jahiruddin, 2004). Crop production is not totally maintained only chemical 
fertilizers and not possible to obtain higher crop yield by using organic manures alone (Bair, 1990). Nambiar (1991) 
reviewed that, combined use of organic manure and chemical fertilizers would be important in providing greater 
stability in production and maintaining soil fertility status.  
Combined Nutrient Management (CNM) is a technique where organic, inorganic, and biofertilizer can be 
combindly applied to soils for crop growth and get good yield. The object of INM is to optimize crop nutrition, 
the functioning of the soil health, and minimize nutrient losses or avoiding adverse effect on the environment. 
Application of manures and different doses of chemical fertilizers significantly increased the yield components 
and grain and straw yields of BINA dhan7 (Malika et al. 2011). Combined nutrient application leads to higher 
yield. (Lin et al. 2009 and Qian et al.2011). Application of manures and different doses of urea-N fertilizers 
significantly increased the yield contributing attributes of BRRI dhan29 (Rahman et al. 2009).  
A proper combination of nutrients is important for sustainable agriculture for providing food with good quality. 
Cowdung, poultry manure and compost supply the macro and micronutrients for crop production. Cowdung is a 
good source of nutrients that can be mixed into most fertilizer schedules. Considering value, manure is most 
important sources. Manure application in association with recommended fertilizer dose plays important role in rice 



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production. Therefore, the present research work was undertaken to know the nutrient content and uptake of 
Transplant Aus rice (BRRI dhan48) in combined nutrient management. 
2. Materials and Methods 
2.1 Site and Weather Description 
The field experiment was done at Sutiakhali, a village of Mymensingh Sadar upazila and laboratory analysis was 
done at The Department of soil science, Bangladesh Agricultural University District during january-july 2015.The 
experimental site is situated at latitude N: 24040.982ʹ and longitude E: 90027.391ʹ24°N at a height of 8.3 m above 
the mean sea level under Old Brahmaputra Floodplain Agro-ecological zone. Physical characteristics of soil were 
sand 27.06%, silt 63.40% and clay 9.54%. Textural class was silt loam. Drainage system was moderate. Chemical 
characteristics of soil were pH (6.53), organic matter (1.35%), total N (0.10%), available P (6.0 mg kg-1), 
Exchangeable K (0.097cmol+ kg-1), available S (9.3 mg kg-1) and available Zn (0.41mg kg-1). The weather 
information ranged temperature (max. 23.90c - 35.40c & min. 11.30c - 26.70c) rainfall (Nil -??299.9 mm) and humidity 
(76-86.6%) prevailed at the experimental site during the cropping season of conducting the experiment (Source: 
Department of Irrigation and Water Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh). 0-15 cm 
depth soil collected for samples. The samples were then stored in clean plastic bags for subsequent chemical and 
mechanical analysis. The planting material used for the experiment was transplanted aus rice. The variety was BRRI 
dhan48.  
2.2 Experimental Design and Treatments 
The experiment was done by Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) where the experimental area was divided 
into 4 blocks and each block was subdivided into 5 plots. Treatments distributed randomly to the unit plots in each 
block. Total unit plot was 20 and plot size was 4.5 m x 3.15 m and the spacing among the plots was 20 cm. There 
were five treatments as follows: T1: RD (Recommended Dose (N75 P12 K45 S9)), T2: STB (Soil Test Basis (N74 P11 

K36 S7)), T3: N54 P5 K27 S5 (Combined Nutrient Management (CNM) + CD ( Cowdung) @ 5.0 t ha−1, T4: Farmer’s 
practice (N69 P30 K37) and T5: Control (no fertilizer).  
2.3 Name, Rates and Sources of Nutrients Application 
 
Table 1. Name, rates and sources of nutrients applied as follows 

Name of 
 fertilizer Treatments Nutrient 

rate (kg / ha) 
Fertilizer rate 
(kg / ha) 

Fertilizer rate 
(g / plot) 

Urea 

T1 75 163.04 232 
T2 74 160.51 228 
T3 54 117.03 166 
T4 69 149.81 213 

TSP 

T1 12 60.00 85 
T2 11 56.25 80 
T3 5 26.25 37 
T4 30 149.81 213 

MoP 

T1 45 90.00 128 
T2 36 71.87 102 
T3 27 53.47 76 
T4 37 74.90 106 

Gypsum 
T1 9 50.00 71 
T2 7 40.74 58 
T3 5 26.30 37 

CD T3 ?? 5000 7100 
 
2.4 Application of Manures and Fertilizers  
The amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, potash and sulphur fertilizers required per plot were calculated as per the 
treatments. Cowdung was applied before one week of transplanting (9 April 2015). The full dose of TSP, MoP 
and Gypsum were applied one day before transplanting (15 April 2015). Nitrogen from urea was applied in 3 equal 
splits. The first split of urea was applied after 15 days of transplanting (1 May 2015). Second split was applied as 



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top dressing after 30 days of transplanting (16 May 2015) and the third split of urea after 45 days of transplanting 
(31 May 2015) i.e. at panicle initiation stage. 
2.5 Harvesting and Data Recording 
The crop was harvested at full maturity on 20 july 2015. The harvested crop from each plot was bundled separately 
and brought to the threshing floor and threshed plot-wise. Grain and straw yields were recorded plot-wise and 
expressed as t ha-1 on the basis of 14% moisture content. 
2.6 Chemical Analyses of Plant Samples 
Preparation of plant samples  
The representative grain and straw samples were dried in an oven at 650 C for about 24 hours before they were 
ground by a grinding machine and stored in paper bags and finally kept into a desiccator until analysis. 
Digestion of plant samples for total nitrogen determination  
An amount of 0.1g of oven dry ground plant sample (both grain and straw separately) was taken in a micro-kjeldahl 
flask for nitrogen determination. 1.1 g catalyst mixture (K2SO4: CuSO4. 5H2O: Se = 100: 10:1), 2 ml 30% H2O2 
and 3 ml H2SO4 were added into the flask. It was swirled and allowed to stand for 30 minutes. Then heating was 
continued until the digest was clear and colorless. After cooling, the content was taken into a 100 ml volumetric 
flask and the volume was made up to the mark with distilled water. A reagent blank was prepared in a similar 
manner. The digest was used for nitrogen determination.  
Digestion of plant samples for P, K and S determination  
Plant sample of 0.5g (grain or straw) was transferred into dry clean 100 ml Kjeldahl flask. 10ml of di-acid mixture 
(HNO3: HC1O4= 2:1) was added into the flask. After leaving for a while, the flasks were heated at a temperature 
of 2000 C. When the flask became sufficiently clear and colorless, it boiled. After cooling, the digests was 
transferred into a 100 ml volumetric flask and the volume was made up to the mark with distilled water. This digest 
was used for the determination of P, K and S.  
2.7 Determination of N, P, K and S from Plant Samples  
Nitrogen  
Nitrogen content digests were determined by micro-kjeldahl method. 40% NaOH was added for distillation after 
digestion complete. The evolved ammonia was trapped into 4% H3BO3 solution and 5 drops of mixed indicator of 
bromocressol green (C21H14O5Br4S) and methyl red (C10H10N3O3) solution. Finally the distillate was titrated with 
standard 0.01 N H2SO4 until the color changed from green to pink. 
Phosphorus  
Phosphorus was determined following the procedure of using 1ml digest for grain sample and 2 ml digest for straw 
sample from 100 ml extract. Then the sample was shaking with 0.5 M NaHCO3 solution at pH 8.5 following Olsen 
method. The extracted phosphorus was determined by developing blue color by SnCl2 reduction of 
phosphomolybdate complex and measuring the intensity of color spectrophotometrically at 660 nm wavelength. 
The readings were calibrated to the standard P curve. 
Potassium  
5 ml of digest for the grain and 10 ml for the straw was taken with 1.0 N NH4OAc (pH 7) and diluted to 50 ml 
volume to make desired concentration. K was determined from the extract by using Flame photometer and 
calibrated with a standard curve. 
Sulphur  
Sulphur was determined by using 10 ml of digest (both for grain and straw) from 100 ml extract with CaCl2 solution 
(0.15%). The S content in the extract was estimated turbidimetrically and readings were taken by 
spectrophotometer at 420 nm.  
2.8 Determination of Nutrient Uptake  
After chemical analysis of grain and straw samples, the nutrient content were calculated and from the value of 
nutrient concentration. Nutrient uptakes were also calculated by the following formula:  



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                      Nutrient content(%) x Yield (kg/ha) 
Nutrient Uptake =                                                 
                                100 

Statistical analysis  
The analysis of variance for nutrient content of the plant samples were done following the ANOVA technique and 
the mean results in case of significant F-value were adjudged by the Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT).  
3. Results  
3.1 Nutrient Content in Rice Grain and Straw of BRRI dhan48 
The results of N, P, K and S contents of grain and straw have discussed under the following sub-sections. All data 
were statistically significant. 
 
Table 2. N, P, K and S content in grain and straw of BRRI dhan48 as influenced by combined nutrient management 

Treatment 
N (%) P (%) K (%) S (%) 
Grain Straw Grain Straw Grain Straw Grain Straw 

T1 0.734a 0.441c 0.138ab 0.073b 0.293b 1.423b 0.067a 0.113a 
T2 0.698b 0.469b 0.141a 0.082a 0.315ab 1.519a 0.068a 0.111a 
T3 0.737a 0.540a 0.145a 0.084a 0.315a 1.535a 0.070a 0.114a 
T4 0.700b 0.443c 0.125bc 0.073b 0.301b 1.420b 0.059b 0.105b 
T5 0.657c 0.413d 0.119c 0.071b 0.273c 1.324c 0.057b 0.103b 
LSD0.05 0.019 0.026 0.014 0.007 0.013 0.041 0.007 0.005 
SE (±) 0.063 0.008 0.004 0.002 0.004 0.013 0.002 0.001 

Level of 
significance 

0.0424 
** 

0.0933 
** 

0.0049 
** 

0.0014 
** 

0.0101 
** 

0.3033 
** 

0.0013 
** 

0.0010 
** 

CV (%) 1.79 3.65 6.51 5.18 2.74 1.83 7.29 2.19 
** = Significant at 1% level of probability, LSD= Least Significant Difference, SE (±) = Standard Error of means, 
CV (%) = Co-efficient of Variation 
 
Nitrogen content 
The highest N content of 0.737% was observed in T3: CNM and the lowest N content of 0.657% noted in T5: 
Control (Table 2). Application of cowdung with chemical fertilizers increased the N content in rice grain markedly 
in T3: CNM. In the straw of BRRI dhan48, the N content varied significantly due to different treatments (Table 4). 
The N content in the straw ranged from 0.413% in T1 to 0.54% in T3. Akhter, S. (2011), Parvez et al. (2008) and 
Chandel et al. (2003) reported that application of nitrogen from manures and fertilizers increased the N content 
both in grain and straw of rice. 
Phosphorus content 
Results in Table 1 indicated that phosphorus content in the grain of BRRI dhan48 varied significantly due to 
different treatments. Phosphorus content in grain ranged from 0.119 to 0.145%. The highest P content (0.145%) 
in grain was found in T3: CNM and the lowest value (0.119 %) noted in T5: Control. Phosphorus content in rice 
straw was influenced significantly due to use of cowdung and fertilizers as shown in Table 3. Khan et al. (2007) 
observed that the combined application of NPK and organic manures (GM or FYM) significantly 
increased the paddy and straw yields of rice crop. The highest P content in straw (0.084%) was observed in 
T3: CNM and the lowest value (0.071%) recorded in T5: Control. 
  



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Potassium content 
The potassium content both in grain and straw of BRRI dhan48 varied significantly due to application of cowdung 
and fertilizers. The K content ranged from 0.273 to 0.315% in rice grain and 1.324 to 1.535% in straw (Table 2). 
The highest K content in rice grain (0.315%) and straw (1.535%) was recorded in T3: CNM. This is supported by 
Saleque et al. (1998). The lowest K content in grain (0.273%) and straw (1.324%) was observed in T5: Control. 
Sulphur content 
The sulphur content both in grain and straw of BRRI dhan48 was influenced significantly by the combined use of 
cowdung and fertilizers (Table 2).The highest S content of 0.07% in grain was obtained in T3: CNM and the lowest 
value of 0.057% noted in T5: Control. All the treatments caused an increasing effect on the S content of rice grain 
and the effect of CNM was better compared to fertilizer doses. In case of straw, S content ranging was from 0.103 
to 0.114%. The highest S content in straw (0.114%) was recorded in T3: CNM and the lowest S content in straw 
(0.103%) observed in T5: Control and supported by Chandel et al. (2003). 
3.2 Nutrient Uptake by Grain and Straw of BRRI Dhan48 
The results of N, P, K and S uptake of BRRI dhan48 have been presented and discussed below:  
 
Table 3. Effect of combined nutrient management on N and P uptake by BRRI dhan48 

Treatment N uptake (kg) P uptake (kg) 
Grain Straw Total Grain Straw Total 

T1 28.05b 2.560c 52.63c 5.27bc 4.07b 9.34c 
T2 28.62b 2.790b 58.43b 5.78b 5.21a 10.99b 
T3 35.55a 3.380a 70.47a 6.99a 5.43a 12.43a 
T4 25.62c 2.160d 48.53d 4.57c 3.78b 8.35d 
T5 20.08d 1.74e 35.58e 3.64d 2.67c 6.31 e 

LSD0.05 1.54 0.223 3.31 0.748 0.592 0.742 
SE (±) 0.500 0.072 1.08 0.242 0.192 0.240 

Level of 
significance 124.91** 214.670** 657.82** 6.363** 5.062** 22.344** 

CV (%) 3.63 4.98 4.05 9.25 9.09 5.08 
** = Significant at 1% level of probability, LSD= Least Significant Difference, SE (±) = Standard Error of means, 
CV (%) = Co-efficient of Variation 
 
Nitrogen uptake 
Results indicate that, the N uptake both by grain and straw of BRRI dhan48 varied significantly due to application 
of manure and fertilizers (Table 3). The N uptake by grain ranging was from 20.08 to 35.55 kg ha-1 and straw from 
1.74 to 3.38 kg ha-1. The highest N uptake by grain and straw was recorded 35.55 and 3.38 kg ha-1 in T3: CNM, 
respectively. Duhan and Singh (2002) reported that the rice yield and uptake of nutrients increased significantly 
with increasing N levels. The lowest N uptake by grain (20.08 kg ha-1) and by straw (1.74 kg ha-1) found in T5: 
Control. The highest total N uptake (70.47 kg ha-1) was observed in T3: INM and the lowest value (35.58 kg ha-1) 
found in T5: Control. This result is an agreement with the findings of   Nakashgir et al. (2000). 
Phosphorus uptake 
The results presented shows that, the P uptake both by grain and straw of BRRI dhan48 was influenced 
significantly by the application of cowdung and fertilizers (Table 3). The P uptake by grain ranging was from 3.64 
to 6.99 kg ha-1 and that by straw 2.67 to 5.43 kg ha-1. The maximum P uptake by grain (6.99 kg ha-1) and straw 
(5.43 kg ha-1) was found in T3: CNM. The minimum P uptake by grain (3.64 kg ha-1) and straw (2.67 kg ha-1) was 
found in T5: Control. Combined use of cowdung and chemical fertilizers is better than only use of chemical 
fertilizers. The application of cowdung and fertilizers showed significant effect on the uptake of total P by BRRI 
dhan48 (Table 2). The highest total P uptake (12.43 kg ha-1) was obtained in T3: CNM and the lowest total P 
uptake (6.307 kg ha-1) observed in T5: Control and supported by Akhter, S. (2011).  
 
 
 



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Table 4. Uptake of K and S by BRRI dhan48 as influenced by the application of combined nutrient management 

Treatment K uptake (kg) S uptake (kg) 
Grain Straw Total Grain Straw Total 

T1 11.00c 79.30c 90.50c 2.56c 6.30b 8.86c 
T2 12.92b 96.54b 109.50b 2.79b 7.05a 9.84b 
T3 15.20a 99.25a 114.4a 3.38a 7.37a 10.75a 
T4 11.02c 73.44d 84.46d 2.16d 5.43c 7.59d 
T5 8.35d 49.70e 58.05e 1.74e 3.87d 5.61e 

LSD0.05 0.999 2.69 3.20 2.23 0.367 0.424 
SE (±) 0.324 0.874 1.04 0.072 0.119 0.137 

Level of 
significance 25.913** 1605.12** 2018.72** 1.552** 7.931** 16.163** 

CV (%) 5.55 2.20 2.28 5.74 3.96 3.24 
** = Significant at 1% level of probability, LSD= Least Significant Difference, SE (±) = Standard Error of means, 
CV (%) = Co-efficient of Variation 
 
Potassium uptake 
The results indicate that the K uptake by grain and straw of BRRI dhan48 varied significantly by different 
treatments (Table 4). The K uptake by grain increase from 8.35 in T5: Control to 15.20 kg ha-1 in T3: CNM. The K 
uptake by straw ranging was from 49.70 in T5: Control to 99.25 kg ha-1 in T3: CNM, respectively. The total K 
uptake by grain and straw was also affected significantly by different treatments. The highest total K uptake (114.4) 
was obtained in T3: CNM and the lowest value (58.05) in T5: Control. This result is strongly supported by 
Nakashgir et al. (2000). The results are also in agreement with Meena et al. (2003)  
Sulphur uptake 
Sulphur uptake by grain and straw was influenced significantly due to application of different treatments (Table 
4). The S uptake by grain and straw ranging was from 1.74 to 3.38 and 3.87 to 7.37 kg ha-1, respectively. The 
highest S uptake by grain (3.38 kg ha-1) and straw (7.37 kg ha-1) was found in T3: CNM. The lowest S uptake by 
grain (1.74) and straw (3.87) was found in T5 (control). The total S uptake by grain and straw was also influenced 
significantly by different treatments (Table 4). The highest total S uptake (10.75) was found in T3: CNM and the 
lowest value (5.61) in T5: Control. This result is similar to Sarfaraz et al. (2002). 
4. Conclusion 
It can be concluded that combined use of manure and fertilizers significantly increased nutrient content and uptake 
by BRRI dhan48. The treatment T3: CNM revealed the highest NPKS uptake while the lowest value was recorded 
over the control. Integrated Nutrient Management practice keeps soil healthy with higher yield of BRRI dhan48. 
So, farmer’s should follow this technique to minimize soil pollution and get economically benefitted for rice 
cultivation. Further research should be recommended for more confirmation of the result. 
Acknowledgement 
Authors gave gratitude towards the Ministry of Science and Technology of Bangladesh for providing financial 
support to conduct the research work. 
Conflict of Interest 
The authors have no conflict of interest to report. 
Authors' Contributions 
Nahid Kaisar conducted the experiment and analyzed the data. Abu Zofar Md. Moslehuddin and Mahbubul Alam 
Tarafder provided help for the experimental design and supervised in the whole experiment. Md. Sohanur Rahman 
contributed in data presentation, analysing data, searching journal for publication and finally manuscript 
processing and writing of this article. This article was read and approved by all authors for final Publication.  
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    /ENU (Use these settings to create Adobe PDF documents best suited for high-quality prepress printing.  Created PDF documents can be opened with Acrobat and Adobe Reader 5.0 and later.)
  >>
  /Namespace [
    (Adobe)
    (Common)
    (1.0)
  ]
  /OtherNamespaces [
    <<
      /AsReaderSpreads false
      /CropImagesToFrames true
      /ErrorControl /WarnAndContinue
      /FlattenerIgnoreSpreadOverrides false
      /IncludeGuidesGrids false
      /IncludeNonPrinting false
      /IncludeSlug false
      /Namespace [
        (Adobe)
        (InDesign)
        (4.0)
      ]
      /OmitPlacedBitmaps false
      /OmitPlacedEPS false
      /OmitPlacedPDF false
      /SimulateOverprint /Legacy
    >>
    <<
      /AddBleedMarks false
      /AddColorBars false
      /AddCropMarks false
      /AddPageInfo false
      /AddRegMarks false
      /ConvertColors /ConvertToCMYK
      /DestinationProfileName ()
      /DestinationProfileSelector /DocumentCMYK
      /Downsample16BitImages true
      /FlattenerPreset <<
        /PresetSelector /MediumResolution
      >>
      /FormElements false
      /GenerateStructure false
      /IncludeBookmarks false
      /IncludeHyperlinks false
      /IncludeInteractive false
      /IncludeLayers false
      /IncludeProfiles false
      /MultimediaHandling /UseObjectSettings
      /Namespace [
        (Adobe)
        (CreativeSuite)
        (2.0)
      ]
      /PDFXOutputIntentProfileSelector /DocumentCMYK
      /PreserveEditing true
      /UntaggedCMYKHandling /LeaveUntagged
      /UntaggedRGBHandling /UseDocumentProfile
      /UseDocumentBleed false
    >>
  ]
>> setdistillerparams
<<
  /HWResolution [2400 2400]
  /PageSize [612.000 792.000]
>> setpagedevice

