




































 Agricultural Science; Vol. 2, No. 2; 2020 
ISSN 2690-5396   E-ISSN 2690-4799 

https://doi.org/10.30560/as.v2n2p49 

49                             Published by IDEAS SPREAD 
 

Effect of Foliar Application of Urea on Growth and Yield of Short 
Durative Lentil Variety (BARI Masur-9) 

Md. Shahriar Kobir1, Md. Harun-Or-Rashid2 & Md. Hafijur Rahman1
 

1 Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Bangladesh 
2 International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Bangladesh Office, Bangladesh 
Correspondence: Md. Shahriar Kobir, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Bangladesh. E-mail: 
shahriar1302027@gmail.com 
 
Received: June 26, 2020   Accepted: July 17, 2020   Online Published: July 20, 2020 
 
Abstract 
An experiment was conducted at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Jashore, Bangladesh during rabi season 
of (2019-2020) to evaluate the effect of foliar application of urea on growth and yield of short durative lentil variety 
(BARI Masur-9). The experiment was conducted in split plot design with three replications where time of urea 
spraying, P1= at branching stage, P2= at pod initiation stage were distributed in main plots and doses of urea 
spraying T1= application of 100% recommended fertilizers as basal except urea, T2= application of 100% 
recommended fertilizers as basal, T3= application of 75% of urea with 100% of other fertilizers as basal and rest 
of the 25% of urea by spraying, T4= application of 25% of urea with 100% of other fertilizers as basal and rest of 
the 75% of urea by spraying, T5= application of 50% of urea with 100% of other fertilizers as basal and rest of the 
50% of urea by spraying were distributed in sub plots. The highest plant height, number of pods per plant were 
obtained from application of 75% of urea with 100% of other fertilizers as basal and rest of the 25% of urea 
spraying at pod initiation stage. The highest seed yield was also found from application of 75% of urea with 100% 
of other fertilizers as basal and rest of the 25% of urea spraying at pod initiation stage followed by application of 
100% recommended fertilizers as basal and application of 50% of urea with 100% of other fertilizers as basal and 
rest of the 50% of urea by spraying at branching stage. Plant height, pods per plant and days to maturity showed 
positive correlation with seed yield. On the other hand days to flower and plants per m2 has no linear relationship 
with seed yield. The highest marginal benefit cost ratio (3.29) was recorded from application of 75% of urea with 
100% of other fertilizers as basal and rest of the 25% of urea by spraying at pod initiation stage. So based on 
findings to increase the yield potential of BARI Masur-9 foliar application of urea may be a tool and hence 
application of 75% of urea with 100% of other fertilizers as basal and rest of the 25% of urea by spraying at pod 
initiation stage may be consider as the best treatment.  
Keyword: foliar urea spray, lentil, pulses, BARI Masur-9 
1. Introduction 
Besides the main crops pulses also play a major role to minimize the human food needs. Lentil (Locally Masur) is 
an important food source for the people especially in the subcontinent (Hamayun et al., 2011). Pulses are important 
source of protein particularly for the poor people and provides nutritional security (Das and Jana, 2015). In the 
year 2018-19, Bangladesh produced about 0.17 million tons of lentil from its 0.14 million hectares land (BBS, 
2019) and average productivity was only 1.3 tons ha-1 (AIS, 2020). BARI Masur-9 is a recent released variety of 
lentil in Bangladesh by Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute which is a short durative variety whose average 
life cycle is about 90 days. A huge number of cultivable land became remain fallow in between transplanted Aman 
and Boro rice in Bangladesh but after releasing this variety this problem may be solved somehow (Azad et al., 
2019). But as this varieties average yield (1.19-1.52 tha-1) is very much lower than the other on season varieties, 
adaptation and acceptance of this variety to the farmer’s is not satisfactory. Moreover the area of lentil cultivation 
in the country is decreasing day by day because of it’s poor yield (Salam et al., 2019). In addition farmers are 
growing lentil under resource constraints situation.The major constraints are being poor crop establishment and 
drought in the later stages of crop growthand it affects the productivity. Farmers are very much habituated to apply 
basal dose of fertilizer in lentil, which ultimately results in poor yield (Ram and Punia, 2018). So time to time 
measures have to apply to increase the yield of released variety. 



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Foliar application is regarded as a preferred solution when quick supply of nutrients is hindered or the soil 
conditions are not conducive for the absorption of nutrients (Salisbury and Ross, 1985). Pods and seeds 
development are mainly dependent on nitrogen and carbon accumulation, prior to podding (Davies et al., 2000) 
but root fails to absorb nitrogen from dry soil. This technique helps the nutrients to reach the site of food synthesis 
directly, leading no wastage and quick supply of food and thereby reduce the requirement of fertilizers. 
Photosynthesis gets reduced due to depletion of nitrogen in leaves, senescence starts earlier in lentil before 
completion of maturity which break the source to sink relation, thereby the yield reduces. Foliar nutrition can 
hasten the growth of a crop by delaying senescence. The positive effect of supplying lentil with supplementary 
nitrogen was found to have beneficial effects on enhancing growth and increasing seed yield by quick supply of 
nitrogen (Das and Jana, 2015).  
Therefore foliar application of water soluble fertilizers like urea as supplementary nitrogen or a balanced dose of 
nutrients may be a very good option to increase the yield of BARI Masur-9 as well as other cultivars. 
2. Materials and Methods 
The experiment was conducted at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Jashore, Bangladesh during Rabi 2019-
2020 to investigate the “effect of foliar application of urea on growth and yield of short durative lentil variety 
(BARI Masur-9)”. The methods and materials that had been used in the experiment will be described in this chapter: 
Experimental Site: The site where the experiment has conducted is located on 23°18' latitude and 89°18' longitude 
with an elevation of 19 m from sea level (Kobir et al., 2020). The experimental site is undergoes the Agro 
Ecological Zone (AEZ-11) namely ‘High Ganges River Floodplain’ (BBS, 2019). 
Soil: Textural class of the experimental site’s soil was sandy clay loam in nature and general soil type of the site 
is ‘Calcareous Dark Grey Floodplain’ soil. The soil contain 1.7% organic matter and the soil is slightly alkaline in 
reaction (Table 1). 
 
Table 1. Particle size distribution, textural class, bulk density, pH and soil organic matter of initial soil of the 
experimental field 

Soil depth 
(cm) 

Particle size distribution 
Textural class Bulk density 

(g cm-3) pH SOM (%)
Sand% Silt% Clay% 

0-15 53.00 24.28 22.72 Sandy clay loam 1.42 7.6 1.7 
Source: Soil science division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute 
 
Climate: Annual average temperature of the experimental site is 15.40c to 34.60c and annual rainfall is 1537 mm 
(Wikipedia). The prevailed average temperature, average humidity and total rainfall during the operation of the 
experiment is showed in (Fig 1): 

Figure 1. Weather data of Jashore from November 2019- May 2020 

 

30.1
6.1

37.3
5.4

50.2 71.7

351

27 24 25 27 32 34 33

64
58 54 48

36 36

54

0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400

0

20

40

60

80

100

Nov-19 Dec-19 Jan-20 Feb-20 Mar-20 Apr-20 May-20

To
ta

l p
re

ci
pi

ta
tio

n

A
v.

 h
um

id
ity

 &
 te

m
p.

Total Precipitation (mm) Av. Temperature (c) Av. humidity (%)



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Planting material: The planting material that had been used in this experiment was BARI Masur-9. BARI Masur-
9 is a short durative lentil variety that can be cultivated in the fallow period of between transplanted Aman and 
Boro rice. Seeds of the planting material was collected from pulses research centre, Ishurdi, Pabna. Average life 
cycle of this variety is 85-90 days, in addition this variety is tolerante to Stemphylium blight disease and average 
yield is 1.19-1.52 tha-1. The most special character of this cultivar is that it is Fe and Zn enriched in nature (Azad 
et al.,2019). 
 
Experimental treatment: The experiment was conducted considering the following factors 

Factors Details of the treatments 
Factor A: Phases of 
urea spraying 

P1 Urea spraying at branching stage 
P2 Urea spraying at pod initiation stage 

Factor B: Doses of 
urea spraying 

T1 T1= application of 100% recommended fertilizers as basal except urea
T2 T2= application of 100%  recommended fertilizers as basal 
T3 T3=  application of  75%  of urea with 100% of other fertilizers as 

basal and rest of the 25% of urea by spraying 
T4 T4=  application of 25% of urea with 100% of other fertilizers as basal 

and rest of the 75% of urea by spraying 
T5 T5=  application of 50% of urea with 100% of other fertilizers as basal 

and rest of the 50% of urea by spraying 
 
Experimental design and layout: The research was conducted in split plot design where various stages of urea 
spraying distributed in main plots and different doses of urea spraying distributed in sub plots. Thus total number 
of plot was (2*5*3) = 30 and each plot size was (1.5*4) m2 = 6 m2. 
Crop husbandry: At first the land was ploughed three times by tractor drawn cultivator followed by rotavator till 
the soil appeared as fine tilth. Then collected seeds of BARI Masur-9 was treated with a fungicide Provax-200 
WP@2.5 gkg-1 seed. Seeds were sown in continuous line sowing method @ 70-80 kgha-1 where line to line distance 
was 30 cm. Fertilizers were applied as per the proposed treatments method and doses (Table 2).  
 
Table 2. Different doses of urea spray as per proposed treatments 

Treatmen
t 

Urea basal 
(kgha-1)  

Urea  
spray 

(kgha-1) 

TSP 
(kgha-1) 

MOP 
(kgha-1)

Gypsum 
(kgha-1) 

Boric acid 
(kgha-1) 

T1 0 0 80 30 50 7 
T2 40 0 80 30 50 7 
T3 30 10 80 30 50 7 
T4 10 30 80 30 50 7 
T5 20 20 80 30 50 7 

 
Two times weeding was done at 30 days after sowing and 60 days after sowing, respectively. Crops were harvested 
at proper harvest maturity and harvested crops were sun dried for three days and then threshed on floor. 
Collection of experimental data and analyzing statistically: Data of days to flower, days to maturity, plants per m2 
at harvest, pods per plant at harvest, plant height at harvest and grain yield was collected from each plot and then 
collected data were converted to per hactre. Then the collected data were tabulized and a statistical software 
statistix-10 was used to calculate analysis of variance and means of the measured parameters were compared using 
LSD at alpha = 0.05. 
3. Results 
Effect of different phases of urea spraying: Different phases of urea spraying showed significant variation among 
the parameters except plants per m2, pods per plant and yield (table 3). The highest days to flower (40), days to 



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maturity (94), plant height (32.93 cm) was recorded from P1 (at branching stage), P2 (at pod initiation stage) and 
P2 (at pod initiation stage) phases respectively (Table 3). On the other hand the lowest days to flower (39), days 
to maturity (92) and plant height (32.43 cm) was recorded from P2 (at pod initiation stage), P1 (at branching stage) 
and P1 (at branching stage) phases, respectively (Table 03). 
 
Table 3. Yield and yield contributing characters of lentil affected by different phases of spraying 

Phases 
Days to 

flowering
Days to maturity

Plant height 
(cm) 

Plants m-2 

(No.) 
PodsPlant-1 

(No.) 
Yield 

(kgha-1)
P1 40 92 32.43 161 28 1326 
P2 39 94 32.93 161 30 1274 

CV (%) 0.80 0.68 7.45 1.68 13.33 6.54 
LSD (0.05) 0.49 0.99 3.82 NS NS NS 

P1= at branching stage, P2= at pod initiation stage 
 
Effect of different doses of urea spraying: Different doses of urea showed significant variation among the 
parameters except plants per m2 (Table 4). The highest days to flower (40) were found from T3 (application of 75% 
of urea with 100% of other fertilizers as basal and rest of the 25% of urea by spraying) treatment which is similar 
to T4 (application of 25% of urea with 100% of other fertilizers as basal and rest of the 75% of urea by spraying) 
and T5 (application of 50% of urea with 100% of other fertilizers as basal and rest of the 50% of urea by spraying) 
treatments. On the other hand the lowest days to flower (39) were recorded from T1 (application of 100% 
recommended fertilizers as basal except urea) and T2 (application of 100% recommended fertilizers as basal) 
treatments. The highest (94) and the lowest (92) days to maturity was found from T5 (application of 50% of urea 
with 100% of other fertilizers as basal and rest of the 50% of urea by spraying) and T1 (application of 100% 
recommended fertilizers as basal except urea) treatment respectively (Table 04). The highest plant height (34.75 
cm) was observed from T3 (application of 75% of urea with 100% of other fertilizers as basal and rest of the 25% 
of urea by spraying) treatments and the lowest (28.33) from T5 (application of 50% of urea with 100% of other 
fertilizers as basal and rest of the 50% of urea by spraying) treatment. The highest pods per plant (34) was observed 
from T3 (application of 75% of urea with 100% of other fertilizers as basal and rest of the 25% of urea by spraying) 
treatments and the lowest (21) from T5 (application of 50% of urea with 100% of other fertilizers as basal and rest 
of the 50% of urea by spraying) treatment (Table 04). The highest yield (1517.3 kgha-1) was recorded from T3 
(application of 75% of urea with 100% of other fertilizers as basal and rest of the 25% of urea by spraying) 
treatment followed by T2 (application of 100% recommended fertilizers as basal) and T5 (application of 50% of 
urea with 100% of other fertilizers as basal and rest of the 50% of urea by spraying) treatments (Table 04). On the 
other hand the lowest yield (1160.8 kgha-1) was found from T1 (application of 100% recommended fertilizers as 
basal except urea) treatment (Table 4). 
 
Table 4. Yield and yield contributing characters of lentil affected by different doses of urea spraying 

Treatments Days to flowering Days to maturity Plant height 
(cm) 

Plants m-2 

(No.) 
PodsPlant-1 

(No.) 
Yield 

(kgha-1) 
T1 39 92 33.20 158 26 1160.8 
T2 39 93 33.16 160 32 1400.2 
T3 40 93 34.75 164 34 1517.3 
T4 40 93 33.96 160 30 1170.7 
T5 40 94 28.33 161 21 1252.0 

CV (%) 0.95 0.75 10.84 3.96 14.34 7.22 
LSD (0.05) 0.46 0.85 4.33 NS 5.01 114.85 

 
T1= application of 100% recommended fertilizers as basal except urea, T2= application of 100% recommended 
fertilizers as basal, T3= application of 75% of urea with 100% of other fertilizers as basal and rest of the 25% of 
urea by spraying, T4= application of 25% of urea with 100% of other fertilizers as basal and rest of the 75% of 



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urea by spraying, T5= application of 50% of urea with 100% of other fertilizers as basal and rest of the 50% of 
urea by spraying. 
Effect of different interactions: Interaction effect of different phases of urea spraying and different doses of urea 
spraying showed significant variation among the parameters except days to flower (Table 5). The highest plants 
per m2 (168) and the lowest (152) was found from P2T4 (application of 25% of urea with 100% of other fertilizers 
as basal and rest of the 75% of urea by spraying at pod initiation stage) and P1T4 (Basal application of 25% of the 
urea recommended dose + full dose of other fertilizers during final land preparation and rest of the 75% of urea 
recommended dose by spraying at branching stage ) interaction effect, respectively (Table 05). The highest days 
to maturity (95) was observed from P2T5 (application of 50% of urea with 100% of other fertilizers as basal and 
rest of the 50% of urea by spraying at pod initiation stage) and P2T4 (application of 25% of urea with 100% of 
other fertilizers as basal and rest of the 75% of urea by spraying at pod initiation stage) interaction effect which is 
statistically similar to P2T1 (application of 100% recommended fertilizers as basal except urea), P2T2 (Basal 
application of 100% recommended fertilizers as basal) and P2T3 (application of 75% of urea with 100% of other 
fertilizers as basal and rest of the 25% of urea by spraying at pod initiation stage) interaction effect. On the other 
hand the lowest (91) days to maturity was observed from P1T1 (application of 100% recommended fertilizers as 
basal except urea) interaction which is statistically similar to P1T2 (application of 100% recommended fertilizers 
as basal), P1T3 (Basal application of 75% of the urea recommended dose + full dose of other fertilizers during 
final land preparation and rest of the 25% of urea recommended dose by spraying at branching stage) and P1T4 
(application of 25% of urea with 100% of other fertilizers as basal and rest of the 75% of urea by spraying at 
branching stage) interaction effect (Table 05). The highest (39 cm) and the lowest (23 cm) plant height were 
observed from P2T3 (application of 75% of urea with 100% of other fertilizers as basal and rest of the 25% of urea 
by spraying at pod initiation stage) and P2T5 (application of 50% of urea with 100% of other fertilizers as basal 
and rest of the 50% of urea by spraying at pod initiation stage) interaction effect respectively. The highest (38) and 
the lowest (21) pods per plant was recorded from P2T3 (application of 75% of urea with 100% of other fertilizers 
as basal and rest of the 25% of urea by spraying at pod initiation stage) and P2T5 (application of 50% of urea with 
100% of other fertilizers as basal and rest of the 50% of urea by spraying at pod initiation stage) interaction effect 
respectively (Table 05). The highest yield (1625.7 kgha-1) was observed from P2T3 (application of 75% of urea 
with 100% of other fertilizers as basal and rest of the 25% of urea by spraying at pod initiation stage) interaction 
effect followed by P1T5 (application of 50% of urea with 100% of other fertilizers as basal and rest of the 50% of 
urea by spraying at branching stage), P1T3 (application of 75% of urea with 100% of other fertilizers as basal and 
rest of the 25% of urea by spraying at branching stage) and P2T2 (application of 100% recommended fertilizers 
as basal) interaction effect. On the other hand the lowest yield (1006.3 kgha-1) was observed from P2T4 
(application of 25% of urea with 100% of other fertilizers as basal and rest of the 75% of urea by spraying at pod 
initiation stage) interaction effect (Table 05). 
 
Table 5. Yield and yield contributing characters of lentil affected by different interaction 

Interactions Days to 
flowering 

Days to 
maturity

Plant height 
(cm) 

Plants m-2 

(No.) 
PodsPlant-1 

(No.) 
Yield 

(kgha-1) 
P1T1 39 91 33.20 156 25 1124.3 
P1T2 40 91 29.00 161 32 1302 
P1T3 40 92 30.50 165 29 1409 
P1T4 40 92 35.80 152 30 1334.7 
P1T5 40 92 33.67 167 21 1460.7 
P2T1 39 94 33.20 159 28 1197.3 
P2T2 39 94 37.33 159 32 1498.3 
P2T3 39 94 39.00 162 38 1625.7 
P2T4 39 95 32.13 168 30 1006.3 
P2T5 40 95 23.00 155 21 1043.3 

CV (%) 0.95 0.75 10.84 3.96 14.34 7.22 
LSD (0.05) 10.51 NS 6.43 3.91 8.28 184.42 

P1= at branching stage, P2= at pod initiation stage were distributed in main plots and doses of urea spraying, T1= 
application of 100% recommended fertilizers as basal except urea, T2= application of 100% recommended 
fertilizers as basal, T3= application of 75% of urea with 100% of other fertilizers as basal and rest of the 25% of 
urea by spraying, T4= application of 25% of urea with 100% of other fertilizers as basal and rest of the 75% of 



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urea by spraying, T5= application of 50% of urea with 100% of other fertilizers as basal and rest of the 50% of 
urea by spraying  
Correlation co-efficient and regression equation: Plant height (r = 0.65) showed strong positive correlation with 
grain yield (Fig 4), pods per plant (r = 0.5) showed moderate positive correlation with grain yield (Fig 5), days to 
maturity (r = 0.21) showed small positive correlation with grain yield (Fig 3). On the other hand days to flower 
and plants per m2 have non-linear relationship with grain yield (Fig 2, 6). 
 

Figure 2. Correlation co-efficient of days to flower Vs Grain yield (kgha-1) 

Figure 3. Correlation co-efficient of days to mature Vs Grain yield (kgha-1) 

 
Figure 4. Correlation co-efficient of plant height (cm) Vs Grain yield (kgha-1) 

 

y = 29.735x + 328.34
R² = 0.4331

0

500

1000

1500

2000

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45G
ra

in
 y

ie
ld

 (k
gh

a-
1)

Plant height (cm)

y = -28.932x + 3990.8
R² = 0.0487

0

500

1000

1500

2000

90.5 91 91.5 92 92.5 93 93.5 94 94.5 95 95.5

G
ra

in
 y

ie
ld

 (k
gh

a-
1)

Days to mature

0

500

1000

1500

2000

38.8 39 39.2 39.4 39.6 39.8 40 40.2

G
ra

in
 y

ie
ld

 (k
gh

a-
1)

Days to flower

No linear relationship 



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Figure 5. Correlation co-efficient of pods plant-1 Vs Grain yield (kgha-1) 

 
Figure 6. Correlation co-efficient of plants m-2 Vs Grain yield (kgha-1) 

 
Economic analysis: The highest amount of grain yield (1625.7 kgha-1), the highest additional yield over practising 
method (225.7 kg ha-1), the highest additional return (11736.4 BDT ha-1) as well as the highest marginal benefit 
cost ratio (3.29) was recorded from P2T3 (application of 75% of urea with 100% of other fertilizers as basal and 
rest of the 25% of urea by spraying at pod initiation stage) interaction effect (Table 6).  
 
Table 6. Partial cost analysis of interactions for different time of urea spraying and different doses of urea spraying 
in lentil 

Interaction
s 

Grain 
yield (kg 

ha-1) 

Additional 
Yield (kg ha-

1) over 
practising 
method 

Additional 
Return 

(BDT ha-1)

Variable cost (BDT ha-
1) Total 

variable 
cost (BDT 

ha-1) 

MBCR 
(over 

practising 
method) 

(Labour + 
sprayer) Urea 

P1T1 1124.3 - - 0 0 0 -
P1T2 1302 - - 0 560 560 -
P1T3 1409 107 5564 3000 560 3560 1.56
P1T4 1334.7 32.7 1700.4 3000 560 3560 0.47
P1T5 1460.7 158.7 8252.4 3000 560 3560 2.31
P2T1 1197.3 - - 0 0 0 -
P2T2 1400 - - 3000 560 3560 -
P2T3 1625.7 225.7 11736.4 3000 560 3560 3.29
P2T4 1006.3 - - 3000 560 3560 -
P2T5 1043.3 - - 3000 560 3560 -

P1= at branching stage, P2= at pod initiation stage were distributed in main plots and doses of urea spraying, T1= 
application of 100% recommended fertilizers as basal except urea, T2= application of 100% recommended 
fertilizers as basal, T3= application of 75% of urea with 100% of other fertilizers as basal and rest of the 25% of 
urea by spraying, T4= application of 25% of urea with 100% of other fertilizers as basal and rest of the 75% of 
urea by spraying, T5= application of 50% of urea with 100% of other fertilizers as basal and rest of the 50% of 
urea by spraying  

y = 19.834x + 732.92
R² = 0.2544

0

500

1000

1500

2000

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

G
ra

in
 y

ie
ld

 (k
gh

a-
1)

Pods plant-1

0

500

1000

1500

2000

150 152 154 156 158 160 162 164 166 168 170G
ra

in
 y

ie
ld

 (k
gh

a-
1)

Plants m-2

Non linear relationship



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Input price: Urea- BDT 16 kg-1, labour: BDT 400 day-1 08 hours-1, Sprayer- BDT 200 ha-1, lentil seed- BDT 100 
kg-1 Output price: lentil- BDT 52 kg-1 

4. Discussions 
Yield and yield contributing characters or growth parameters values were increased due to adequate supply of 
nutrient like nitrogen in proper time incase of basal application of urea with spraying later as in pod initiation stage 
which is revealed in this present study and this result also similar to (Kuttimani and Velayutham, 2011). (Hossain 
et al., 2018) reported that maximum grain yield was found when DAP was applied in both branching and pod 
initiation stages as spray. But in the present study urea was applied only either in branching stage or in pod initiation 
stage as lentil is a very sensitive to over fertilizer dose and two time spray will increase the production cost 
ultimately BCR value will be lesser than the recommended method of basal urea application in Bangladesh. In 
addition incase of two time spray there is a possibility of increasing days to maturity that will destroy the purity of 
the variety as this variety has released to fit under the fallow period of Aman and Boro rice in Bangladesh. However 
urea spraying at pod initiation stage with T3 (application of 75% of urea with 100% of other fertilizers as basal 
and rest of the 25% of urea by spraying) method of fertilizer application gives maximum result in yield and yield 
contributing character in the present study. Moreover in P2T3 (application of 75% of urea with 100% of other 
fertilizers as basal and rest of the 25% of urea by spraying) interaction 14% yield has increased over recommended 
method of basal urea application. Simlarly (Ram and Punia, 2018) revealed that two time spray is on par with one 
time spray either in branching or pod initiation stage for seeds/pod which is directly involved in increasing seed 
yield. 
From the above result chapter it is clear that fertilizer management in T3 (application of 75% of urea with 100% 
of other fertilizers as basal and rest of the 25% of urea by spraying) method along with urea spraying in pod 
initiation stage significantly increase the yield and growth parameters over no spray or basal application. (Ashour 
and Thalooth, 1983; El-Karmany et al., 2003; Das and Jana, 2015) reported that 2% urea spray has positive effect 
on growth and yield attributes of lentil. Though in the present experiment the doses of urea spraying did not 
calculated in (W/V) or in percent basis, rather in weight (kg/ha) basis but indirectly our doses fits in the @2% urea 
spray as about 500 litre water is required to spray one hactre of land and 10 kg of urea was sprayed in T3 
(application of 75% of urea with 100% of other fertilizers as basal and rest of the 25% of urea by spraying) 
treatment at pod initiation stage which showed the best result among the all interactions. Similar result was also 
found by (Ram and Punia, 2018). They reported that urea spraying by @ 2% yielded maximum grain which was 
25.4 per cent higher over no spray. The reason behind that is additional nitrogen application may delay the 
senescence of plants then the plants are getting more time to carbon assimilation in the sink parts so that positive 
effect implies on plant height, pods/plant as well as in seed yield. Delayed maturity also increases the time to store 
food material into sink. 
In correlation analysis it is found that more number of pods/plant facilitate more seeds and thus it can boost seed 
yield. Similar trend also found by (Nandan and Pandaya, 1980; Rahman and Sarwar, 1982; Balyan and Singh, 
1986; Luthra et al., 1990). Plant height also showed positive correlation and it may be as vigourous growth 
increases the chances of more number of pods/plant, hence it can increase the seed yield also. (Latief et al., 2015) 
recorded that pods/plant and plant height and biological yield of lentil is directly involved in increasing seed yield 
so far.  
In economic analysis maximum benefit cost ratio was observed in P2T3 (application of 75% of urea with 100% 
of other fertilizers as basal and rest of the 25% of urea by spraying) interaction. Though in urea spraying treatments 
total variable cost is higher than no spray but in foliar urea spray there was 14% yield improvement over no spray 
which ultimately results in higher BCR over no spray. So urea spray as T3 method of application at pod initiation 
stage may be beneficial for yield improvement in BARI Masur-9. 
5. Conclusion 
From the above results and discussions it may be concluded that seed yield of BARI Masur-9 may be boosted up 
by the application of fertilizer like nitrogen containing urea as foliar spray at the later stage of plant growth as pod 
initiation stage. Fertilizer application in the method of (application of 75% of urea with 100% of other fertilizers 
as basal and rest of the 25% of urea by spraying at pod initiation stage) gives the maximum result incase of seed 
yield as well as other yield contributing characters. Correlation coefficient showed that there is positive correlation 
between seed yield and most of the other yield contributing characters. Economic analysis also reveled that foliar 
spray of urea as per the above mentioned doses and time gives the highest economic return over other treatment. 
So application of 75% of urea with 100% of other fertilizers as basal and rest of the 25% of urea by spraying at 
pod initiation stage may be recommended for yield increasing of BARI Masur-9. 



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6. Acknowledgement 
Regional Agricultural Research Station, Jashore of Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute has provided the 
financial support to operate the experiment smoothly. Md. Hafijur Rahman of Regional Agricultural Research 
Station, Jashore has provided scientific support in the research work and Md. Harun-Or-Rashid of CIMMYT, 
Bangladesh has enriched the article by writing of it’s several parts. 
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Copyrights 
Copyright for this article is retained by the author(s), with first publication rights granted to the journal. 
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 
license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). 
 
















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    /NLD (Gebruik deze instellingen om Adobe PDF-documenten te maken die zijn geoptimaliseerd voor prepress-afdrukken van hoge kwaliteit. De gemaakte PDF-documenten kunnen worden geopend met Acrobat en Adobe Reader 5.0 en hoger.)
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    /ENU (Use these settings to create Adobe PDF documents best suited for high-quality prepress printing.  Created PDF documents can be opened with Acrobat and Adobe Reader 5.0 and later.)
  >>
  /Namespace [
    (Adobe)
    (Common)
    (1.0)
  ]
  /OtherNamespaces [
    <<
      /AsReaderSpreads false
      /CropImagesToFrames true
      /ErrorControl /WarnAndContinue
      /FlattenerIgnoreSpreadOverrides false
      /IncludeGuidesGrids false
      /IncludeNonPrinting false
      /IncludeSlug false
      /Namespace [
        (Adobe)
        (InDesign)
        (4.0)
      ]
      /OmitPlacedBitmaps false
      /OmitPlacedEPS false
      /OmitPlacedPDF false
      /SimulateOverprint /Legacy
    >>
    <<
      /AddBleedMarks false
      /AddColorBars false
      /AddCropMarks false
      /AddPageInfo false
      /AddRegMarks false
      /ConvertColors /ConvertToCMYK
      /DestinationProfileName ()
      /DestinationProfileSelector /DocumentCMYK
      /Downsample16BitImages true
      /FlattenerPreset <<
        /PresetSelector /MediumResolution
      >>
      /FormElements false
      /GenerateStructure false
      /IncludeBookmarks false
      /IncludeHyperlinks false
      /IncludeInteractive false
      /IncludeLayers false
      /IncludeProfiles false
      /MultimediaHandling /UseObjectSettings
      /Namespace [
        (Adobe)
        (CreativeSuite)
        (2.0)
      ]
      /PDFXOutputIntentProfileSelector /DocumentCMYK
      /PreserveEditing true
      /UntaggedCMYKHandling /LeaveUntagged
      /UntaggedRGBHandling /UseDocumentProfile
      /UseDocumentBleed false
    >>
  ]
>> setdistillerparams
<<
  /HWResolution [2400 2400]
  /PageSize [612.000 792.000]
>> setpagedevice

