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© 2019 by the authors; licensee Asian Online Journal Publishing Group 
 

Agriculture and Food Sciences Research 
Vol. 6, No. 1, 109-113, 2019 

ISSN(E) 2411-6653/ ISSN(P) 2518-0193 
DOI: 10.20448/journal.512.2019.61.109.113 

© 2019 by the authors; licensee Asian Online Journal Publishing Group 

    
 

 
 
 
Performance of CVL-1 Seedling Growth and Dry Weight Attributes Under 
Greenhouse and Field Conditions as Affected By Seed Source and Seedling Age 

 
Md. Mahbubul Islam1 
Jannatul Ferdous2 
Manika Rani Debnath3 
 

 
( Corresponding Author) 

 
1Chief Scientific Officer and Agronomy Division of Bangladesh Jute Research Institute, Dhaka. Bangladesh. 

 
2,3Scientific Officer, Agronomy Division of Bangladesh Jute Research Institute, Dhaka. Bangladesh. 

 

 
Abstract 

Experiments were conducted to evaluate the plant establishment of white jute (Corchorus capsularis 
L.) seeds collected from five different sources of Bangladesh. The experiments were conducted at 
greenhouse of Bangladesh Jute Research Institute (BJRI), Dhaka and field of Jute Agriculture 
Experimental Station (JAES), BJRI, Manikganj during March to June 2018. The treatments 
consisted of five seed sources viz., i) BJRI, ii) Bangladesh Agriculture Development Corporation 
(BADC), iii), iv) Farmers of two locations and v) Local market. Farmers source was divided into two 
sub-sources (farmer1 of Manikganj and farmer2 of Kishoreganj locations). Two different 
conditions were i) Greenhouse and ii) Field. The four seedling ages were 30, 40, 50, and 60 days. The 
cv. CVL-1 was used as study material. Randomized completely block design with three replication 
were followed. Results revealed that seedling growth and dry weight parameters varied 
significantly due to seed sources. The shoot height, base diameter, root length, shoot dry weight 
and root dry weights varied significantly due to seed sources in both the condition of greenhouse 
and field. BJRI and BADC sources showed better performance than the others. The attributes 
showed significant variations for seedling ages in both the conditions also. The highest values were 
observed in 60 days of seedling age. The interactions of seed sources and seedling ages were highly 
significant for all the growth and dry weight attributes. The BJRI seeds of 60 days of age 
performed the highest shoot height, base diameter, root length, shoot dry weight and root dry 
weights. Seeds from BJRI and BADC of the CVL-1 varieties showed better performances in terms 
of seedling growth and dry weight compared to seeds from farmers’ and local markets. 

 
Keywords: White Jute (Corchorus capsularis L.), seedling ages, Shoot length, root length, Base diameter, Shoot dry weight, Root dry weight. 

 
Citation | Md. Mahbubul Islam; Jannatul Ferdous; Manika Rani 
Debnath (2019). Performance of CVL-1 Seedling Growth and Dry 
Weight Attributes Under Greenhouse and Field Conditions as 
Affected By Seed Source and Seedling Age. Agriculture and Food 
Sciences Research, 6(1): 109-113. 
History:  
Received: 6 March 2019 
Revised: 2 April 2019 
Accepted: 8 May 2019 
Published: 4 July 2019 
Licensed: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons 

Attribution 3.0 License  
Publisher:  Asian Online Journal Publishing Group 
 

Contribution/Acknowledgement: All authors contributed to the conception 
and design of the study. 
Funding: The research article is funded by institute (Bangladesh Jute 
Research Institute). 
Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflict of 
interests. 
Transparency: The authors confirm that the manuscript is an honest, 
accurate, and transparent account of the study was reported; that no vital 
features of the study have been omitted; and that any discrepancies from the 
study as planned have been explained. 
Ethical: This study follows all ethical practices during writing.   

 

 

Contents 
1. Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................................... 110 
2. Materials and Methods ................................................................................................................................................................. 110 
3. Results and Discussion ................................................................................................................................................................. 110 
4. Conclusion ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 112 
References ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 112 
 

 

 

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Agriculture and Food Sciences Research, 2019, 6(1): 109-113 

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Contribution of this paper to the literature 
This study contributes to existing literature by evaluating the plant establishment of white jute (Corchorus 
capsularis L.) seeds collected from five different sources of Bangladesh. 

            

1. Introduction 
Jute (Corchorus spp.) is one of the main cash crops of Bangladesh. It plays an important role earning about 5-

6% foreign exchange through exporting jute and jute goods. Jute is a common term used both for plant and the 
fibre obtained from the bark of the plants, Corchorus capsularisL. and Corchorus olitoriusL. It covers about 2.86% of 
total cropped area. Bangladesh annually covering about 0.761 millions ha of land by jute crop to produce about 1.62 
millions ton of fibre. The farmers require about 5500 tons of seed to cultivate the said area [1]. Bangladesh 
produces world’s best quality jute. The agriculture climate of Bangladesh is very much suitable for quality fibre 
production. As a result supply of quality jute seed will ensure the fibre quality as well as quantity to a great extent. 
The government of Bangladesh has given more thrust to promote the jute seed industry by strengthening public 
sectors dealing with jute seed and also by sensitizing private sectors to reduce the dependence on imported jute 
seed. The activities of private sectors regarding jute seed are limited on seed import only [2]. 

Bangladesh requires about 5,000 metric tons of jute seeds of which only 12-15% is produced and distributed by 
Bangladesh Agricultural Development Corporation [3]. The rest of seeds is solely produced and utilized by the 
farmers’. The quality of farmers’ seed is not maintained during production, processing and storage. In many cases, 
farmers’ collect their seeds from their friends or neighbors and thus, there is no specific system to control the 
quality of seeds. Hence, it is conceived that the quality of seeds produced by majority of the farmers’ is of low 
standard. Also, there is very little information regarding the level of farmers’ knowledge on the production of jute 
seed and method of quality testing before sowing. Farmers’ sometimes get good germination and good crop, but in 
most cases they get poor germination and a poor crop, and occasionally seeds do not germinate which results in 
total crop failure [4-6].  

The quality status of jute seed at farm level is very poor and farmers’ are normally ignorant of seed quality and 
quality evaluating tests. Farmers’ are not aware of the germination percentage, vigor value, pathogens associated 
with seeds and percentage of moisture in their seeds. Although, there are many researches on the quality of the 
seed, no effort has yet been made to evaluate the quality of seed at farm level despite 75% of the total requirements 
of the jute seed are solely produced and distributed by the farmers’. If it is possible to address and appreciate the 
seed growers about their seed problems and help understand them to assess quality of jute seeds, they could 
establish it as a profitable enterprise [7, 8]. Seeds from BJRI and BADC of both the jute varieties showed better 
quality in terms of vigor and pathogen incidence compared to seeds from farmers’ and local markets [9].  

Jute seed quality does not vary only from farmer to farmer, but also from source-to-source. Information 
relating to viability, vigour and emergence of jute seed are very scanty under Bangladesh condition. Moreover, the 
category and extent of jute seed quality through seedling emergence and establishment of different sources are yet 
to be elucidated. The present study was, therefore, undertaken to evaluate the performances of seedling growth of 
white jute and their interactions as influenced by seed sources and seedling age. 
 

2. Materials and Methods 
The experiments were conducted at the Crop Management Laboratory, Agronomy division of Bangladesh Jute 

Research Institute (BJRI). The emergence experiment was conducted at Crop Management Laboratory, Agronomy 
Division of Bangladesh Jute Research Institute (BJRI), Dhaka as Greenhouse and at field of Jute Agriculture 
Experimental Station, Manikgonj of BJRI during March to June 2017. The treatments consisted of five seed 
sources viz., i. BJRI, ii. Bangladesh Agricultural Development Corporation (BADC), iii., iv) farmers of two locations 
and v. local market. The farmers seed source was divided into two sub-sources. The sub sources were farmer1 of 
Manikganj and farmer2 of Kishoreganj locations. The seed sample variety CVL-1 of Corchorus capsularis L. was 
used as study material. Primary seed samples of 250 g each from all sources and from 20 farmers of each location 
were collected randomly. All the primary seed samples were mixed thoroughly to make a composite sample of each 
location. From the composite samples 500g seeds were taken and regarded as submitted sample. The submitted 
seed samples were kept in brown paper bags. All the seed samples collected from the different seed sources were 
labeled properly and preserved in Gene Bank of BJRI at 200 C till the samples were used for studies. Working seed 
samples were taken from the preserved seed samples as per requirement. Total procedure was maintained following 
the rules of ISTA (International Seed Testing Association) [10]. Local market seed samples were collected and 
processed as that of farmers source of two locations. After collection of seed samples following tests were 
conducted.  

The soil of field opened with power tiller in the month of Mid February, then the land was prepared with the 
country spade. The Laboratory greenhouse soil was prepared and managed as per recommendation of BJRI. The 
land was made free from weeds and plant debris by hand collection. During final plot preparation NPK fertilizers 
were applied in the form of urea, triple super phosphate and muriate of potash. The rates of fertilizers used were 
83-25-30-11 kg of NPKS ha-1, respectively. Half quantity of N and the whole quantity of P, K and S were applied as 
basal dose. The other half quantity of N was top dressed in two equal splits at 15 DAS. 

Seeds used for the experiments had minimum of 80% germination. Seeds were sown on 25 March and 26 
March in greenhouse and in the field, respectively. For each unit plot 500 seeds of each sample sources were sown 
in broadcast method and later covered with soil. In establishment test, 30, 40, 50 and 60-day-old seedlings were 
randomly collected from the greenhouse laboratory and as well as from field. The data of seedling shoot length, 
base diameter, root length, shoot dry weight and root dry weight of the seedlings were collected. Treatment mean 
differences were adjudged by DMRT following level of significance (0.05 and 0.01%) [11]. 
 

3. Results and Discussion 
Results revealed that at greenhouse, seedling height, base diameter, root length, shoot dry weight and root dry 

weights differed significantly due to seed sources for the variety CVL-1 at greenhouse conditionTable 1. The 



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highest seedling height, base diameter, root length, shoot dry weight and root dry weights (103.75 cm, 10.75 mm 
and 12.20 cm, 8.13 g and 3.02 g, respectively) were recorded in BJRI seeds, which were statistically similar to 
BADC seeds except root length. The lowest seedling height, base diameter and root length were recorded in 
farmers seed of Manikgonj Table 1. The farmers seed of Manikgonj and Kishoregonj; and market seed had 
statistically equal seedling height, base diameter, root length, shoot dry weight and root dry weights, the variation 
was found in seedling height Table 1.  

Irrespective of seed sources seedling height, base diameter, root length, shoot dry weight and root dry weights 
of CVL-1 varied significantly due to different seedling age at fieldTable 1. Except root dry weight all others 
showed statistical similarity in BJRI and BADC seeds. Seedling shoot dry weight and root dry weight were highest 
in BJRI seeds followed by BADC. The lowest Seedling shoot dry weight of farmers seed of Kishoreganj, and root 
dry weight of farmers seed of Manikganj; and stem dry weight in farmers seed of Manikganj and root dry weight in 
market seed were recorded. In terms of seed stem dry weight BADC seed showed statistical similarity with farmers 
and local market seeds Table 1. Under field condition significant variations were found in shoot and root dry 
weight among the seed sources of CVL-1 Table 1. Statistical similarity observed in BJRI and BADC seeds in terms 
of seedling shoot and root dry weight. The shoot dry weight and root dry weights were highest in BJRI seeds 
followed by BADC. The lowest shoot and root dry weight were observed in farmers seed of Manikganj. Local 
market seeds had the third highest shoot and root dry weights among the seed sources. The seedling shoot dry 
weight of market seed had similarity with BJRI and BADC seeds Table1. Development of a normal seedling from 
the seed is an essential requirement in the maintenance of seed viability. A normal seedling essentially should have 
a well-developed root system, some intact hypocotyls, two cotyledonary leaves and plumule with developing green 
leaves [5]. 
 

Table-1. Effect of seed sources on seedling growth characters of CVL-1 under green house and field condition. 

Seed 
sources 

At greenhouse At field 

Seedling 
height 
(cm) 

Base 
diameter 

(mm) 

Root 
length 
(cm) 

Shoot 
dry 

weight 
(g) 

Root 
dry 

weight 
(g) 

Seedling 
height 
(cm) 

Base 
diameter 

(mm) 

Root 
length 
(cm) 

Shoot 
dry 

weight 
(g) 

Root dry 
weight 

(g) 

BJRI 103.75 a 10.75 a 12.20 a 8.13 a 3.02 a 99.33 a 10.18 a 11.74 a 6.94 2.83 a 
BADC 101.25 a 10.39 a 11.65 b 7.88 ab 2.79 a 96.58 a 9.83 b 11.21 a 7.41 2.76 a 

Farmer1 84.25 cd 8.72 c 10.79 c 7.04 c 2.39 c 83.08 c 8.27 e 9.78 c 6.13 2.29 c 
Farmer2 86.58 c 9.03 bc 10.98 c 6.92 d 2.55 bc 86.50 bc 8.48 d 10.01 bc 6.47 2.43 bc 

Local 
market 

91.42 b 9.36 b 10.90 c 7.23 b 2.66 b 89.08 b 8.71 c 10.37 b 6.65 2.49 b 

Note: In a column figures having common letter(s) do not differ significantly by DMRT at 1% level of probability. 
 

Irrespective of seed sources the seedling age showed significant differences in respect of seedling height, base 
diameter, root length, seedling shoot and root dry weights at field of the variety CVL-1 at greenhouse condition 
Table 2. The highest seedling heights base diameter and root length were 156.40 cm, 15.97 mm, 15.92 cm, 18.97 g 
and 7.94 g, respectively. The lowest were observed at 30 DAS. The seedling height, base diameter and root length 
increased with the increase of seedling age. Significant differences were observed under seedling age regarding 
seedling height, base diameter and root length of CVL-1 due to seed sources Table 2. The highest seedling height, 
base diameter, root lengths, shoot dry weight and root dry weights were observed at 60 days of seedling age. The 
lowest seedling height, base diameter and root length were 45.40 cm, 4.91 mm, 7.19 cm, 1.03 g and 0.34 g, 
respectively, were observed at 30 days of seedling age at greenhouse. A chronological increase was found in 
seedling height, base diameter and root length with the increase of seedling age from 30 to 60 days at an interval of 
10 days Table 2. The highest seedling height, base diameter, root length, seedling shoot and root dry weight, were 
found at 60 days after sowing (DAS) at field. The highest seedling height, base diameter and root length were 
found in BJRI seeds, which were similar to BADC seeds except base diameter. The farmer’s seed of Manikganj had 
the lowest values for these parameters, which were similar to farmer’s seed of Kishoreganj especially for seedling 
height at field condition Table 2. Local market seeds showed a little bit higher performance than farmers seeds. 
Local market seeds produced similar seedling height as that of farmers’ seed of Kishoreganj Table 2. Irrespective of 
seed sources seedling age differed significantly regarding seedling shoot dry weight and root dry weight in CVL-1 
Table2. Gradual increases were found in shoot and root dry weight with the increase of seedling age. In terms of 
shoot and root dry weight the variations among the seedling age were very high. The highest seedling shoot dry 
weights were found at 60 days and root dry weights were recorded in both the years at 60 DAS. The lowest shoot 
dry weight and root dry weights were found at 30 DAS Table2. Seedling age significantly affected the shoot and 
root dry weights in CVL-1 under field condition irrespective of seed sources. Gradual increases were found in 
seedling shoot and root dry weight with the increase of seedling age. Very high variations among the duration 
were recorded in shoot and root dry weight at field condition also. The highest shoot and root dry weights were 
observed at 60 DAS, while it was the lowest at 30 DAS Table 2. 
 

Table-2.Effect of seedling characters of CVL-1 under greenhouse and field condition. 

Seedling 
age 

(Days) 

At greenhouse At field 

Seedling 
height 
(cm) 

Base 
diameter 

(mm) 

Root 
length 
(cm) 

Shoot 
dry 

weight 
(g) 

Root 
dry 

weight 
(g) 

Seedling 
height 
(cm) 

Base 
diameter 

(mm) 

Root 
length 
(cm) 

Shoot 
dry 

weight 
(g) 

Root 
dry 

weight 
(g) 

30 45.40 d 4.91 d 7.19 d 1.03 d 0.34 d 38.80 d 4.53 d 6.71 d 0.97 d 0.33 d 
40 68.87 c 6.96 c 10.18 c 2.78 c 0.79 c 67.47 c 6.37 c 10.00 c 2.56 c 0.78 c 
50 103.13 b 10.76 b 11.92 b 6.98 b 1.66 b 101.00 b 10.44 b 11.43 b 6.48 b 1.93 b 
60 156.40 a 15.97 a 15.92 a 18.97 a 7.94 a 154.44 a 15.03 a 14.35 a 16.88 a 7.21 a 

       Note: In a column figures having common letter(s) do not differ significantly by DMRT at 1% level of probability. DAS= days after sowing. 



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The interaction between seed sources and seedling age affected the seedling height, base diameter, root length, 
shoot dry weights and root dry weights significantly for CVL-1 at greenhouse Table 3. The highest seedling 
height, base diameter, root length, shoot dry weight and root dry weights were recorded (167.33 cm, 17.23 mm, 
16.77 cm, 20.61 g and 8.91 g, respectively) in BJRI seeds at 60 days seedling age. The lowest seedling height and 
base diameter (41.00 cm and 4.03 mm, respectively) were observed in farmers’ seed of Manikgonj with 30 days 
seedling age. At 30 days seedling age, was statistically identical to farmers’ seed of Manikgonj and market seed 
Table 3. BADC seeds showed statistically identical results to BJRI. The seedling shoot and root dry weights were 
the lowest in farmers seed of Manikgonj and in local market seed and in farmers seed of Kishoregonj at 30 DAS. 
Farmers’ seed of both Manikgonj and Kishoregonj; and market seeds showed statistical similarity as regard to 
seedling age Table 3. 

 Seedling height, base diameter, root length, seedling shoot and root dry weights of CVL-1 under field 
condition were significantly affected by the interaction between seed sources and seedling age. The highest 
seedling height, base diameter, root length, seedling shoot and root dry weights were observed in BJRI seeds at 60 
days of seedling age followed by BADC seeds.  

In farmers seed of Manikganj the lowest values for these parameters were found at 30 DAS. Seedling height, 
base diameter and root length observed under greenhouse condition were higher than those at the field Table 3. 
BADC seeds had statistical similarity with BJRI seed. The seedling shoot and root dry weights were lowest at 30 
DAS in farmers seed of Manikgonj. Similar root dry weight was observed in farmers’ seed of Kishoregonj. Farmers’ 
seed of both the locations and market seed’s had shoot and root dry weights statistically indifferent Table 3. 
Results are in agreement with Islam [5] and Islam [9]. 
 

Table-3.Interaction effect of seed sources and seedling age on seedling growth characters of CVL-1 under green house and field. 

Seed sources 
and seedling 

age(days) 

At greenhouse At field 

Seedling 
height 
(cm) 

Base 
diameter 

(mm) 

Root 
length 
(cm) 

Shoot 
dry wt 

(g) 

Root 
dry wt 

(g) 

Seedling 
height 
(cm) 

Base 
diameter 

(mm) 

Root 
length 
(cm) 

Shoot 
dry wt 

(g) 

Root 
dry wt 

(g) 

BJRI 30 51.00d 6.00d 8.13cd 1.13d 0.40d 44.67d 5.43d 7.70d 1.05d 0.39d 
40 81.33c 7.97c 11.13c 2.98c 0.85c 76.62c 7.37c 10.60bc 2.98c 0.85c 
50 115.33b 11.80b 12.77b 7.82b 1.92b 112.00b 11.40ab 12.61b 7.56b 2.03b 
60 167.33a 17.23a 16.77a 20.61a 8.91a 164.00a 16.53a 16.07a 18.56a 8.06a 

BADC 30 48.67d 5.83d 7.67d 1.09d 0.38d 43.32d 5.20d 7.30d 0.98d 0.37d 
40 79.00c 7.67c 10.50c 2.90c 0.83c 74.00c 7.10c 10.17bc 2.88c 0.81c 
50 113.00b 11.33b 12.33b 7.49b 1.85b 108.63b 11.13b 12.10b 7.12b 2.01b 
60 164.33a 16.73a 16.10a 20.06a 8.08a 160.34a 15.87a 15.27a 16.94a 7.87a 

Farmer1 30 41.00d 4.03d 6.77d 0.96d 0.29d 33.32d 3.77d 6.20d 0.88d 0.29d 
40 59.33c 6.27cd 9.77dc 2.62c 0.73c 59.00c 5.63c 9.33c 2.10c 0.70c 
50 94.00b 10.03b 11.40b 6.74b 1.15b 92.33b 9.70b 10.60b 5.58b 1.79b 
60 142.67a 14.53ab 15.23a 17.86a 7.39a 147.65a 13.96a 13.00a 15.97a 6.39a 

Farmer2 30 42.00d 4.20d 6.63d 0.98d 0.31d 34.67c 3.93d 5.97d 0.95d 0.29d 
40 62.00c 6.30c 9.77c 2.68c 0.75c 62.00c 5.76c 9.83c 2.26c 0.75c 
50 93.33b 10.17b 11.80b 6.28b 1.69b 95.67b 9.90b 10.83b 6.00b 1.89b 
60 149.00a 15.47a 15.73a 17.74a 7.46a 153.63a 14.33a 13.40a 16.67a 6.81a 

Local 
market 

30 44.33d 4.50d 6.77d 1.00d 0.32d 38.00d 4.30d 6.40d 0.98d 0.32d 
40 62.67c 6.60c 9.77c 2.74c 0.79c 65.62c 6.00c 10.07bc 2.56c 0.78c 
50 100.00b 10.47b 11.30b 6.56b 1.68b 96.33b 10.07ab 11.00b 6.13b 1.93b 
60 158.67a 15.87a 15.77a 18.61a 7.87a 156.31a 14.47a 14.00a 16.17a 6.94a 

   Note: In a column figures having common letter(s) do not differ significantly by DMRT at 1% level of probability. 

 

4. Conclusion  
CVL-1 seed’s seedling growth varied significantly due to seed sources and seedling age. The seedling height, 

base diameter, root length, shoot dry weight and root dry weights for seedling establishment of CVL-1 seed’s 
varied significantly due to seed sources in both the condition of green house and field.  

The interaction of seed sources and seedling ages were highly significant and the BJRI seeds of 60 days age 
showed the highest plant height, base diameter, root length, shoot dry weight and root dry weights. Seeds from 
BJRI and BADC of the CVL-1 varieties showed better performances in terms of seedling growth and dry weight 
compared to seeds from farmers’ and local markets. 
 

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Republic of Bangladesh, 2015. 
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Life Sciences, vol. 4, pp. 52-68, 2019. 
[3] M. Salim, M. A. Hannan, M. A. R. Sarkar, and M. Ali, "Seed quality in late seed crop as affected by late sowing," Bangladesh 

JournalSeed Science and Technology, vol. 2, pp. 11-17, 1998. 
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of Corchorus olitorius L, seed and their relationship as influenced by seed sources," Bangladesh Journal Jute and Fib. Reserces, vol. 29, 
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[9] M. M. Islam, "Seed quality of two Corchorus spp. collected from different sources in Bangladesh," Journal of Agricultural Technology 
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