ijece agripreneur,10 (2) (2021) pp. 57-61 journal homepage:www.iocscience.org/ejournal/index.php/agripreneur published by:iocscience agripreneur : journal of agribusiness agriculture journal homepage:www.iocscience.org/ejournal/index.php/agripreneur analysis of red watermelon and yellow watermelon farming (case study: secanggang district, langkat regency) ahmad riandy harahap agribusiness study program faculty of agriculture, university of north sumatra, medan 20155, indonesia ahmadrharahap@gmail.com abstract the purpose of this study was to determine the development of red watermelon and yellow watermelon in the last 5 years; to analyze the characteristics of red and yellow watermelon farmers; to analyze the income of red and yellow watermelons; to analyze the feasibility and to determine the effect of production factors on the acceptance of red watermelon and yellow watermelon. the data analysis method used is the income analysis method; r/c ratio and b/c ratio analysis methods; multiple regression analysis methods. from the results of the study, it was found that the production and area of red watermelon and yellow watermelon farming land continued to increase over the last 5 years; yellow watermelon farming income is greater than red watermelon farming income; yellow watermelon farming is more feasible than red watermelon. keywords:production, revenue, feasibility analysis. 1. introduction indonesia is an agricultural country, meaning that agriculture plays an important role in the overall national economy. this can be indicated from the large number of residents or workers who live and work in the agricultural sector (mubyarto, 1989). indonesia is a developing country with the agricultural sector as a source of livelihood for the majority of its population. thus, most of the population depends on the agricultural sector. most of the land use in the territory of indonesia is designated as agricultural land and almost 50% of the total workforce still depends on their fate to work in the agricultural sector (husodo, 2004). the diversity of genetic sources of tropical fruits that grow scattered in various regions in indonesia is a priceless treasure. however, this property is still not widely used for the welfare of the community. some types of fruit that have been used as an additional source of income have not been able to meet expectations. this commodity is still unable to face market challenges so that it has not been able to meet market needs in accordance with consumer needs (sunarjono, 2013). one of the efforts taken to increase farmers' income is to cultivate agricultural commodities that have high economic value and have large market potential, both domestic and foreign markets. one of the developed agricultural sectors is horticulture which includes fruits, vegetables and flowers. fruits have enough potential to be developed considering the increasing demand. one of the fruit commodities that have prospects to be developed is watermelon. the length of time for watermelon plants to grow until the fruit is ripe, under normal land and weather conditions is 70-100 days, from the time the seeds are planted (wihardjo, 1993). watermelon is one of the types of seasonal fruit crops that have an important meaning for mailto:ahmadrharahap@gmail.com  issn 2302-9625 agripreneur, vol.10, no. december 2, 2021: pp 57-61 58 the socio-economic development of households and the state. the development of this commodity has bright prospects because it can support efforts to increase farmers' income, alleviate poverty, improve community nutrition, expand job opportunities, reduce imports and increase exports of oil and gas (rukmana, 1994). watermelon cultivation in indonesia is still limited to meet the domestic market. however, it is possible that we will be able to compete in the international market. the factors that become a barometer of the ups and downs of the market price of watermelons in the country are the number of fruits that are harvested simultaneously. the entry of imported watermelon seeds has a strong appeal, because these watermelons are able to seize the market parallel to other types of fruit, some of which are still imported from abroad. this fact makes the demand for watermelons increasing. especially when the fruit imported from producing areas is relatively small, so the price soars high (wihardjo, 1993). one way to determine the feasibility of a business is to analyze the comparison of revenues and costs of the business, namely using r/c analysis where r/c can show the amount of revenue obtained by spending in one unit of cost. r/c stands for revenue-cost ratio, otherwise known as the ratio or ratio between revenues and costs. the greater the value of the r/c ratio of the farm, the greater the profit obtained from the business (soekartawi, 1995) 2. research methods this research was conducted in telaga jernih village, secanggang district, langkat regency, north sumatra province. the research area was chosen purposively where secanggang district is the district with the largest watermelon production in langkat regency, north sumatra. the population in this study were all yellow watermelon and red watermelon farmers in telaga jernih village, secanggang district, langkat regency. the sampling method used was purposive sampling, namely the method of determining the sample selected according to the research criteria. the number of samples taken were 30 red watermelon farmers and 30 yellow watermelon farmers. for research that uses the inferential statistical analysis method, the sample size may be smaller than if we only used a descriptive statistical analysis design. in other words, descriptive research designs require a larger sample size than explanatory research designs. the data collected in this study consisted of primary data and secondary data. primary data was obtained from direct interviews with farmers in telaga jernih village, secanggang district through surveys and questionnaire data that the university of north sumatra had prepared in advance. while secondary data was obtained through related agencies or institutions such as the central statistics agency of langkat, the central statistics agency of north sumatra province, the secanggang district office and other agencies related to this research. agripreneur: journal of agribusiness agriculture issn 2302-9625  ahmad riandy harahap-analysis of red watermelon and yellow watermelon farming (case study: secanggang district, langkat regency) 59 3. results and discussion 3.1 differences in farming income of red watermelon and yellow watermelon to see the difference in the income of red watermelon and yellow watermelon farming, we will first look at the description of the costs of each farming business. farmer input costs are calculated in rupiah per planting season. these costs are used to produce maximum production and income. the cost of farming red watermelon and yellow watermelon is explained as follows: table 1. cost of farming red watermelon and yellow watermelon per hectare (one planting season) based on the data in table 1, it is known that the average cost of farming red watermelons is rp. 11,024,435/ha, while the average cost of farming yellow watermelons is rp. 11,178,263/ha. table 2. farming revenues of red watermelon and yellow watermelon per hectare (one planting season). based on the data in table 2, it is known that the average income from red watermelon farming is rp. 49,348,560/ha, while the average income for yellow watermelon farming is rp. 60,995,607.8. revenue is the difference between total revenue and total production costs incurred in rupiah per year. from the results of research conducted in telaga jernih village, secanggang district, langkat regency, the total income of red watermelon and yellow watermelon can be seen in the following table:  issn 2302-9625 agripreneur, vol.10, no. december 2, 2021: pp 57-61 60 table 3. farming income of red watermelon and yellow watermelon per hectare (one planting season). based on the data in table 3, it is known that the average income of red watermelon farming is rp. 38,354,234/ha, while the average income of yellow watermelon farming is rp. 49,817,344/ha. from these data, it is known that yellow watermelon farming has a higher income than red watermelon farming. this is due to the income of yellow watermelon farming is greater than that of red watermelon farming. 3.2 feasibility analysis of red watermelon and yellow watermelon farming one way to determine the feasibility of a business is to analyze the comparison of revenues and costs of the business, using r/c analysis. the greater the value of the r/c ratio of the farm, the greater the addition of capital or the farming is feasible to be developed in the long term. another analysis that can be used to calculate the feasibility of farming is the b/c analysis. the results of the analysis of b/c ratio and r/c on red watermelon and yellow watermelon farming in telaga jernih village, secanggang district, langkat regency can be seen in the following table: table 4. feasibility of farming red watermelon and yellow watermelon per hectare. based on the data in table 4, it is known that the b/c of red watermelon is 3.48>1, and the r/c value of red watermelon farming is 4.48>1, then red watermelon farming is feasible. the b/c value of yellow watermelon farming is 4.46>1 , and the r/c value of yellow watermelon farming is 5.46>1 , then yellow watermelon farming is also feasible to cultivate. 4. conclusion from the results of the study obtained several conclusions, including: 1. yellow watermelon farming income on average rp. 49,813,744 /ha is greater than the income of red watermelon farming with an average of rp. 38,401,197. 2. yellow watermelon farming is more feasible to do than red watermelon farming because the b/c is 3.51 and r/c 4.51 for red watermelon and b/c 4.45 r/c 5.45 for yellow watermelon. 3. the factors of fertilizer costs and labor costs in yellow and red watermelon farming have a significant and partial effect on revenue. meanwhile, the production cost factors agripreneur: journal of agribusiness agriculture issn 2302-9625  ahmad riandy harahap-analysis of red watermelon and yellow watermelon farming (case study: secanggang district, langkat regency) 61 (fertilizer cost, pesticide cost, seed cost, labor cost) had a significant simultaneous effect on the acceptance of red watermelon and yellow watermelon. reference badan pusat statistik, 2013. kabupaten langkat dalam angka 2013. sumatera utara. darmawaty, s. 2013. berbagai faktor sosial ekonomi yang mempengaruhi produktivitas, biaya produksi dan pendapatan usahatani semangka di kabupaten serdang berdagai, skripsi fakultas pertanian, universitas sumatera utara. hanafie, r. 2010. pengantar ekonomi pertanian. yogyakarta: andi publisher. hasyim, h. 2006. analisis hubungan karakteristik petani kopi terhadap pendapatan (studi kasus: desa dolok seribu kecamatan paguran kabupaten tapanuli utara). medan: jurnal komunikasi penelitian lembaga penelitian usu. husodo, s. y. 2004. pertanian mandiri. jakarta: penebar swadaya. jakfar dan kasmir. 2003. studi kelayakan bisnis edisi kedua. jakarta: prenada media grup. manurung, m. dan rahardja, p. 2004. uang, perbankan, dan ekonomi moneter. jakarta: penerbit fakultas ekonomi universitas indonesia. mubyarto. 1989. pengantar ekonomi pertanian. jakarta: lembaga penelitian, pendidikan dan penerangan ekonomi dan sosial. prawirokusumo, s. 1990. ilmu usahatani. yogyakarta: bpfe. prejnanta, f. 1999. agribisnis cabai hibrida. jakarta: penebar swadaya. prihatman, k. 2000. pepaya (carica papaya l). sistem informasi manajemen pembangunan di perdesaan. jakarta: bappenas. sajogyo, p. 1999. sosiologi pedesaan jilid 1. yogyakarta: gadjah mada university pers. soekartawi. 1995. analisis usaha tani. jakarta: ui-pers. sunarjono, h. 2013. berkebun 26 jenis tanaman buah. jakarta: penebar swadaya. supriana, t. 2016. metode penelitian sosial ekonomi. fakultas pertanian universitas sumatera utara. medan: medan press. ijece agripreneur,10 (2) (2021) pp. 68-73 journal homepage:www.iocscience.org/ejournal/index.php/agripreneur published by:iocscience agripreneur : journal of agribusiness agriculture journal homepage:www.iocscience.org/ejournal/index.php/agripreneur return cost and value added analysis of sweet potato processing (case study: pasar bengkel village, perbaungan district, serdang bedagai regency) evi fatmala agribusiness study program faculty of agriculture, university of north sumatra, medan 20155, indonesia evifatmala98@gmail.com abstract the purpose of this study was to identify how much income was obtained from processing sweet potatoes into chips and chicken claws and to identify how much value added was obtained from the chips and chicken claw business in the research area. the analytical method used is the method of income analysis with the method of calculating the cost of return and the method of value added analysis using the hayami calculation method. the conclusion from the research results that the value obtained from processing sweet potatoes into chips is rp. 4,247,914,-/ month, while the added value of the sweet potato processing industry into chips is rp. 1,167.37, with a value added ratio of 24.39% per month is relatively low. while the average income of chicken claw business in delimada village, perbaungan district, serdang bedagai regency is rp. 4,436,460, -/ month while the added value of the sweet potato processing industry into chicken claw is rp. 714.75, with a value added ratio of 16.42% per month is relatively low. the obstacle faced by the sweet potato processing industry in pasar bengkel village, perbaungan district, serdang bedagai regency is the lack of availability of raw materials and labor. keywords:sweet potatoes, income and value added. 1. introduction the agricultural sector has a very large role in the country's economic growth, especially countries with an agrarian pattern such as indonesia. economic development in indonesia focuses on agriculture and agriculture-based industry or commonly called agro-industry cannot be separated from agribusiness development as a whole. in the agribusiness system, agroindustry is a system that has considerable potential to be developed and has a strategic role for the interests of economic growth, increasing employment opportunities, and increasing exports (soekartawi, 1993). the agribusiness system consists of input subsystems (upstream agro-industry), farming (agriculture), output systems (downstream agro-industry), marketing and support. thus, the development of agro-industry cannot be separated from the development of agribusiness as a whole. the development of agro-industry will be able to increase production, prices of agricultural products, farmers' income, and produce agricultural added value (masyhuri, 1994). some of the strategic values offered by the agro-industrial sector are seen as a bridge between the agricultural sector in upstream activities and the industrial sector in the downstream sector. the next step is the development of appropriate and good agro-industry, which is expected to be increased in terms of the number of workers, farmers' income, export volume and foreign exchange earned, market share both domestically and internationally, mailto:evifatmala98@gmail.com agripreneur: journal of agribusiness agriculture issn 2302-9625  evi fatmala-analysis of return cost and value added sweet potato processing (case study: pasar bengkel village, perbaungan district, serdang bedagai regency) 69 exchange rates for agricultural products, and supply of industrial raw materials (surahman, 2007). ). the amount of added value of an agricultural product because the processing process is a reduction in the cost of raw materials and other inputs to the value of the resulting product, excluding labor. it can be said that added value is a description of the rewards for labor, capital and management (sugiyono, 2004). sweet potato is an agricultural commodity with bright prospects. sweet potato products are not only potential as a source of carbohydrates in food preparation for most of the world's population, but are also multipurpose to be projected as raw materials for various industrial materials and animal feed. the image of sweet potato can be improved into a non-oil and gas export commodity to the international market. the transformation of the agricultural sector into the industrial sector for a country like indonesia is unavoidable. because indonesia is moving from an agrarian country to a developed industrial country, the role of the agricultural sector is still coloring progress in the industrial sector, therefore a balanced economic structure is needed between a strong industrial sector and strong agricultural support (mangunwidjaja and illah, 2005). . in accordance with the source and development of the concept of core competence (whether in the form of products, services, or commodities) it is necessary to pay attention to the criteria relevant to the need to increase competitiveness, namely uniqueness (and difficult to imitate), the ability to provide more benefits, or the ability to provide benefits at a sacrifice. which is more efficient. in the regional context, the selection of core competencies should take into account regional conditions while still paying attention to competitive criteria such as: high added value, unique characteristics, linkages and opportunities to compete in markets outside the region (even internationally). in other words, the selection and determination of core competencies should have a big impact in stimulating the regional economy (wahyudin, 2007).). 2. research methods the determination of the research area was carried out purposively (deliberately), namely in pasar bengkel village, serdang bedagai regency. this area was chosen because it has a business in making chips and chicken claws made from sweet potatoes. the method of determining the sample is carried out by the census method, namely comprehensive data recording of the research object that is in a population. after conducting a pre-survey, as for the total number of samples that will be used as research as many as 19 business units that cultivate sweet potato-based chips and claws, namely in the village workshop market, perbaungan district, serdang bedagai regency.  issn 2302-9625 agripreneur, vol.10, no. december 2, 2021: pp 67-72 70 the data collected in the study are primary data and secondary data. primary data were obtained directly through interviews with respondents using a list of questions (questionnaires) that were made beforehand. while secondary data is complementary data obtained from related agencies and institutions such as the central bureau of statistics of serdang bedagai regency as well as literature related to this research. to solve the problem (1) is analyzed by the formula: information : i = income (income) (rp) tr = total revenue (total revenue) (rp) tc = total cost (total cost) (rp) (soekartawi, 1995). to solve problem (2), it is analyzed using hayami's value added calculation method. 3. results and discussion added value of sweet potato processing business the added value of processing chips and chicken claws in the study area, was calculated using the hayami calculation model. the calculation of added value is carried out by looking at the various components that influence the calculation, including the contribution of other inputs and the price of raw materials. in addition to added value, the hayami calculation model also analyzes labor income, entrepreneur profits, and can see the margin obtained from processing the chips and chicken claws. in detail, the calculation of added value using the hayami method based on data obtained from the research area can be seen in table 1 below: table 1. added value of processed sweet potato chips and chicken claws agripreneur: journal of agribusiness agriculture issn 2302-9625  evi fatmala-analysis of return cost and value added sweet potato processing (case study: pasar bengkel village, perbaungan district, serdang bedagai regency) 71 the results of this value added analysis can also show the margin of raw material from sweet potato to sweet potato chips which is distributed to employee benefits, other input contributions, and company profits. this margin is the difference between the product value and the price of sweet potato raw materials per kilogram, each processing sweet potato into sweet potato chips obtained a margin of rp. 1,284.5 which is distributed for each labor factor, namely labor income of 0.15%. then the contribution of other inputs is 9.119%, and the company's profit is 90.744%. the added value results obtained from processing sweet potatoes into chips show 10 samples or entrepreneurs in pasar bengkel village, perbaungan district, serdang bedagai regency. the results of the value added analysis show that the margin of raw material from sweet potatoes to be used as chicken claws is distributed to employee benefits, other input contributions, and company profits. this margin is the difference between the value of the product and the price of sweet potato raw materials per kilogram. for each processing of sweet potatoes to make chicken claws, a margin of rp. 850.5 which is distributed for each labor factor, namely labor income of 0.657%, then for other input contributions of 15.961% and also for company profits, which is 83.381%. the added value results obtained from processing sweet potatoes into chicken claws show 9 samples or entrepreneurs in deli muda village, perbaungan district, serdang bedagai regency. based on the explanation above, it is known that how to compare the added value and the comparison of benefits as well as the benefits obtained by the workforce obtained from the  issn 2302-9625 agripreneur, vol.10, no. december 2, 2021: pp 67-72 72 manufacture of processed products of chips and chicken claws in the research area. thus, the added value obtained after sweet potatoes are processed into chips has a ratio of 24.399% with a profit rate of 99.84%, while the added value obtained after sweet potatoes are processed into chicken claws has a ratio of 16.429% with a profit rate of 99.218. %. for the manufacture of chips has an added value of rp. 1,167.37 per production process, while in the manufacture of chicken claw has an added value of rp. 714.75 per production process. and the profit in making chips is rp. 1165,61per production process, while for making chicken claws the profit is rp. 709,161 per production process. 4. conclusion the added value of the sweet potato processing industry into chips is rp. 1,167.37, with a percentage added value ratio of 24.39% every month. while the added value of the sweet potato processing industry into chicken claw is rp. 714.75, with a percentage added value ratio of 16.42% every month. reference badan pusat stistik sumatera utara. 2001. direktori industri pengolahan. medan. badan pusat statistik serdang bedagai. 2015. lahan tanam dan lahan panen ubijalar. sei rampah. hayami y. thosinori, m dan masjdin s. 1987. agricultural marketing and processing in upland java : a prospecif of a sunda village, bogor. kadariah, lien karlina dan clive gray. 1999. pengantar evaluasi proyeksi. lembaga penerbit fakultas ekonomi universitasa indonesia. jakarta. karmadi. 2003. analisa efisiensi dan produktifitas home industry ledre (studi kasus di desa padangan kecamatan padangan kabupaten bojonegoro).skripsi. universitas muhammadiyah malang. malang. kasmir, jakfar. 2003. studi kelayakan bisnis. kencana. jakarta. mangunwidjaja, d. dan illah s. 2005. pengantar teknologi pertanian. penebar swadaya. jakarta. mubyarto. 1991. pengantar ekonomi pertanian. lp3es (lembaga penelitian, pendidikan dan penerangan ekonomi dan sosial). jakarta. purwaningsih, heni; subagiyo, murwati, dan supriadi. 2006. diversifikasi produk olahan ubi jalar. balai pengkajian teknologi pertanian. yogyakarta. rukamana, rahmat. 1997. usaha tani ubi jalar. kanasius. yogyakarta. simanjuntak, p. j., 1998. pengantar ekonomi sumber daya manusia. universitas indonesia press. jakarta. soekartawi. 1993. prinsip dasar ekonomi pertanian. teori dan aplikasinya. pt raja grafindo persada. jakarta. soekartawi. 1995. analisis usaha tani. raja grfindo persada. jakarta. soekartawi. 1999. agribisnis teori dan aplikasinya. raja grafindo persada. jakarta. agripreneur: journal of agribusiness agriculture issn 2302-9625  evi fatmala-analysis of return cost and value added sweet potato processing (case study: pasar bengkel village, perbaungan district, serdang bedagai regency) 73 sofyan, i. 2004. studi kelayakan bisnis. graha ilmu. yogyakarta. subagyo, a. 2008. studi kelayakan teori dan aplikasi. pt. elex media komputindo, gramedia. jakarta. sugiono. 2004. metodologi penelitian administrasi. alfabeta. bandung. sumarsono, s. 2003. ekonomi manajemen sumber daya manusia dan ketenagakerjaan. graha ilmu. yogyakarta. suryana, a. 1990. diversifikasi pertanian dalam proses mempercepat laju pembangunan nasional. pustaka sinar harapan. jakarta. wahyudin. 2007. kompetensi inti daerah, kabupaten serdang bedagai. materi workshop diseminasi. ijece agripreneur,10 (2) (2021) pp. 44-49 journal homepage:www.iocscience.org/ejournal/index.php/agripreneur published by:iocscience agripreneur : journal of agribusiness agriculture journal homepage:www.iocscience.org/ejournal/index.php/agripreneur the effect of agricultural explanation on rice productivity (oryza sativa l.) (case: kerapuh village, dolok masihul district, serdang bedagai regency) mutiara pane agribusiness program study faculty of agriculture, university of north sumatra, medan 20155, indonesia panemutiara@gmail.com abstract the purpose of this study was to determine the implementation of the agricultural extension program in kerapuh village, dolok masihul district, serdang bedagai regency. this study aims to determine the effect of agricultural extension factors on lowland rice productivity in kerapuh village, dolok masihul district, serdang bedagai regency. the analytical method used in this research is descriptive method and multiple linear regression analysis method using spss 17. determination of the research location is done purposively. the sampling technique used is simple random sampling method with a total sample of 52 respondents. this research was conducted in 2018. the results show that the characteristics of the most respondents are in the age group 51-55 years where the percentage is 37%, the education of the most respondents is at the elementary education level where the percentage is 37%, length of farming the highest number is in the group 21-25 where the percentage is 35%. the implementation of the agricultural extension program in kerapuh village, dolok masihul district, serdang bedagai regency is quite good. educational factors, length of time in farming, extension programs and competency of extension workers have a significant effect on productivity in the research area. keywords: agricultural extension, productivity, extension program, competence of the instructor. 1. introduction agricultural extension is defined as non-formal education aimed at farmers and their families with short-term goals to change behavior including attitudes, actions and knowledge towards a better direction, as well as long-term goals to improve the welfare of the indonesian people (sastraatmadja, 2016). rice is the most important food crop in the world after wheat and corn. rice is a very important food crop because rice is still used as a staple food for most of the world's population, especially asia until now. rice is a strategic commodity in indonesia because rice has a great influence on economic and political stability (herawati, 2012). agricultural extension in indonesia has had a long history, which began in the early 20th century during the colonial period. counseling stems from the need to increase agricultural output, both for colonial purposes and to meet indigenous needs. counseling is also based on the fact that there is a large gap between the practices of farmers on the one hand and the existence of more advanced technologies on the other. the need for increased agricultural production is calculated to be fulfilled if the advanced technologies found by experts can be practiced by farmers as primary producers (slamet, 2003). the main task of the agricultural extension officer is to provide counseling, then in the extension it can be divided into, preparing, implementing, developing, evaluating and reporting extension activities. each ppl staff is expected to show good performance in carrying out extension tasks so that the objectives of agricultural extension activities can be realized which in turn can support the success of agricultural development. the success of the agricultural instructor does not depend solely on the technicality of the agricultural mailto:panemutiara@gmail.com agripreneur: journal of agribusiness agriculture issn 2302-9625  mutiara pane-the effect of agricultural extension on rice paddy productivity (oryza sativa l.) (case: kerapuh village, dolok masihul district, serdang bedagai regency) 45 instructor but is a combination of all aspects ranging from the implementation of the main tasks and functions of the agricultural extension officer, institutions, extension methods used, as well as the condition of farmer groups (kapantow et al, 2011). the program to increase production is intended to achieve self-sufficiency and national food security, especially rice; increase the volume of exports of agricultural products, as well as import substitution; providing raw materials for the processing industry and realizing food and nutrition diversification (andi, 2014). agricultural extension plays an important role for agricultural development, because extension is one of the efforts to empower farmers and other agricultural business actors to increase productivity, income and welfare without compromising environmental sustainability. therefore, agricultural extension activities must be able to accommodate the aspirations and active roles of farmers and other agricultural business actors through a participatory approach (hasan et al, 2016). 2. research methods the method of determining the research area was carried out purposively, namely in kerapuh village, dolok masihul district, serdang bedagai regency, with the consideration that this area has rice productivity which tends to increase every year and this area is one of the areas fostered by agricultural extension workers who have received awards. as an exemplary 2015 thltbpp (employee daily self-help agricultural extension worker) the population in this study were lowland rice farmers in kerapuh village, dolok masihul district, serdang bedagai regency, who were members of the bakti farmers group based on information obtained from agricultural extension workers in kerapuh village as many as 105 people. determination of the sample was determined by the simple random sampling method with the sample size calculated by the slovin method so that 52 samples of farmers were obtained. the data collected in this study consisted of primary data and secondary data. primary data was obtained from interviews with farmers using a list of questions (questionnaires) that had been prepared in advance. secondary data was obtained from related agencies such as the agricultural extension agency (bpp), the central statistics agency (bps), and other agencies related to research. to solve the problem (1) is analyzed using descriptive analysis, namely by looking at the implementation of agricultural extension activities in kerapuh village, dolok masihul district, serdang bedagai regency. to solve the problem (2) analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis and scoring.  issn 2302-9625 agripreneur, vol.10, no. december 2, 2021: pp 44-49 46 3. results and discussion 3.1 the influence of agricultural extension factors on rice paddy productivity in kerapuh village. 3.1.1 classical assumption test the classical assumption test is carried out to provide certainty that the regression equation obtained is fixed in the estimate, unbiased and consistent. an equation model must be free from symptoms of normality, heteroscedasticity and multicollinearity. 1. normality test normality test is performed to see if the error term is normally distributed or not. the test was carried out using the kolmogorov smirnov test. table 1. normality assumption test results. the significance value in the test is 0.773. this value is greater than the value of , so h0 is accepted and h1 is rejected. so it can be concluded that there is no violation of the normality assumption in the model used in this study. 2. heteroscedasticity the heretoscedasticity test was carried out using the glacier test. a significance value greater than 0.05 indicates that the model does not violate the heteroscedasticity assumption. the test results can be seen in the following table. table 2. heteroscedasticity assumption test results. the significance value of the independent variable is greater than the value of = 0.05. this shows that there is no violation of the assumption of heteroscedasticity. 3. multicollinearity test the multicollinearity test was detected by looking at the tolerance and vif values. tolerance values 0.1 and vif 10, indicating that there is no multicollinearity violation. the test results can be seen in the following table. table 3. multicollinearity assumption test results. agripreneur: journal of agribusiness agriculture issn 2302-9625  mutiara pane-the effect of agricultural extension on rice paddy productivity (oryza sativa l.) (case: kerapuh village, dolok masihul district, serdang bedagai regency) 47 the tolerance value of the independent variable is greater than 0.1 and the vif value is less than 10. it can be concluded that this assumption is met or there is no multicollinearity. 3.1.2 model fit test (test goodness of fit) to see the effect of education, length of farming, extension program and competency of assisted village instructors on lowland rice productivity, it can be seen in the following table. 1. coefficient of determination test (r square) the coefficient of determination (r square) is used to measure how much the independent variable's ability to explain the variation of the dependent variable is. from the results of data processing obtained results as shown in the table. table 4. coefficient of determination test (r square). the value of r square is 0.828. this means that 82.8% of lowland rice productivity can be explained by the variables of education, length of farming, extension programs and competence of extension workers. while the remaining 17.7% is explained by other variables that are not included in the model. 2. simultaneous test (f-statistic test) the f test is used to see whether the independent variables simultaneously affect the dependent variable. from the results of data processing, obtained results such as tables. table 5. simultaneous test (test f). the significance value < (0.000 < 0.05), meaning that the hypothesis obtained is that h1 is accepted, where simultaneously the variables are education, length of farming, extension program and competency of extension workers. the assisted villages have a significant effect on the productivity of lowland rice. 3. partial test (t test – statistics) the t test is used to show whether partially (individually) independent variables have an effect on the dependent variable. from the results of data processing, the results obtained as shown in the table. table 6. partial test (t test). in this section, the values of the coefficients b0 and b1, t arithmetic and the level of  issn 2302-9625 agripreneur, vol.10, no. december 2, 2021: pp 44-49 48 significance, from the table above, are obtained as follows. y = 5414,903 + 11,993 x1 + 9,410 x2 + 57,995 x3 + 118,724 x4 where: y = productivity (kg/ha) x1 = education (year) x2 = oldfarming (year) x3 = programcounseling (scoring) x4 = competence of the instructor (scoring) the estimation results show that education partially has a significant effect on the productivity dependent variable, the length of farming partially has a significant effect on the productivity variable, the extension program partially has a significant effect on the productivity variable, the competence variable of the extension worker partially has a significant effect on the productivity variable. 4. conclusion variables of education, length of farming, extension program and competence of extension workers simultaneously have a significant effect on rice productivity in kerapuh village, dolok masihul district, serdang bedagai regency. reference akriana, citranty. 2010. hubungan antara tingkat adopsi teknologi dengan produktivitas padi sawah lahan irigasi. universitas sumatera utara. medan andi, nuhung. 2014. strategi dan kebijakan pertanian dalam perspektif daya saing. pt. rineka cipta. jakarta atje partadiredja. 1979. pengantar analisa ekonomi pertanian. jakarta: mutiara. badan pusat statistik. 2016. provinsi sumatera utara dalam angka 2016. bps. sumatera utara. medan bens, rikki. 2011. sikap petani terhadap materi dan media penyuluhan pertanian. universitas sumatera utara. medan dukat, dkk. 2015. efektifitas metode dan teknik penuluhan pertanian dalam penerapan teknologi budidaya padi sawah (oriza sativa l.) sitem tanam jajar legowo 4:1. kabupaten kuningan. hasan, dkk. 2016. pengaruh penyuluhan dalam aspek lingkungan ekonomi dan teknologi pada petani padi sawah di kecamatan modayag. herawati, w.d. 2012. budidaya padi. yogyakarta:javalitera. hutagalung, rudi. 2011. evaluasi terhadap petani peserta program penyuluhan pertanian slpht (sekolah lapang pengendalian hama terpadu). universitas sumatera utara. medan irawan, bambang. 2004. ekonomi padi dan beras indonesia: dinamika produktivitas dan kualitas budidaya padi sawah. jakarta: balitbang pertanian agripreneur: journal of agribusiness agriculture issn 2302-9625  mutiara pane-the effect of agricultural extension on rice paddy productivity (oryza sativa l.) (case: kerapuh village, dolok masihul district, serdang bedagai regency) 49 julio, guruh. 2013. pengaruh penyuluhan terhadap produksi usahatani stroberi. universitas sumatera utara. medan kapantow, dkk. 2011. jurnal penelitian kajian kinerja penyuluh pertanian di wilayah kerja balai penyuluh pertanian, perikanan dan kehutanan (bp3k) kecamatan amurang timur. kartasapoetra, g. 1994. teknologi penyuluhan pertanian. bumi aksara, jakarta kementerian pertanian. 2015. modul pemberdayaan dalam upaya khusus peningkatan produksi padi, jagung dan kedelai tahun 2015. universitas sumatera utara. kusuma, pungky puja. 2006. skripsi karakteristik sosial ekonomi pertanian usu. medan kusnadi, dedy. 2011. metode penyuluhan pertanian. sekolah tinggi penyuluhanpertanian. bogor. nababan, mawar. 2013. pengaruh karakteristik penyuluhan pertanian terhadap keberhasilan penyuluhan. universitas sumatera utara. medan reijntjes, coen. 1999. pertanian masa depan. yogyakarta: kanisius sastraatmadja, entang. 2016. penyuluan pertanian. penerbit alumni. bandung. sinungan, muchdarsyah. 2003. produktivitas apa dan bagaimana. bandung: bumi aksara slamet, margono. 2003. membentuk pola perilaku manusia pembangunan ipb press. soekartawi. 1999. analisis usahatani. ui press. jakarta soetrisno, hadi. 1998. prosedur penelitian pendekatan praktek. jakarta: rineka cipta supriana, t dan tasya, c.p. 2015. penuntun praktikum ekonometrika. universitas sumatera utara. medan van den ban dan hawkins. 2013. penyuluhan pertanian. kanisius. yogyakarta. wibowo. 2014. manajemen kinerja. jakarta: rajawali pers. ijece agripreneur,10 (2) (2021) pp. 62-67 journal homepage:www.iocscience.org/ejournal/index.php/agripreneur published by:iocscience agripreneur : journal of agribusiness agriculture journal homepage:www.iocscience.org/ejournal/index.php/agripreneur forecasting analysis of chicken meat production and consumption (broiler) in north sumatra province febry hardian agribusiness study program faculty of agriculture, university of north sumatra, medan 20155, indonesia febryhardian87@gmail.com abstract this study aims to analyze the production and consumption of broiler meat in north sumatra province with forecasting analysis using the spss program application. the method of determining the area used is purposive area sampling. the data used in this study are secondary data obtained from the central statistics agency and the department of animal husbandry and food security, north sumatra province. the results showed that in 2006-2015 in north sumatra province, broiler chicken meat production experienced a positive trend and for broiler chicken meat consumption also experienced a positive trend. in 2006-2015 in north sumatra province, broiler meat consumption was greater than broiler meat production in north sumatra province. for the years 2016-2025 in north sumatra province, it shows that the results of forecasting analysis of broiler meat production have a negative trend and the results of forecasting analysis of broiler meat consumption experience a negative trend which decreases with not too significant differences between the results of forecasting analysis of chicken meat production and consumption. broilers in north sumatra province. keywords:analysis of forecasting, trend, production and consumption of broiler meat. 1. introduction livestock is part of the agricultural sub-sector that has a very large opportunity to be developed and plays a very important role in providing food needs, especially animal protein. the community's need for livestock products will increase every year in line with population growth and along with increasing public awareness of the importance of nutrition that is useful for improving the quality of life. along with the increasing number of people in indonesia, the need for foodstuffs also increases, including foodstuffs of animal origin, especially meat. provision of food in the form of meat for the community in sufficient quantities with good quality can increase income for farmers in the national economic system. to be able to achieve this target, the role of chicken as a source of animal protein can be relied upon because chicken is one of the national assets that contributes to the social and economic life of the community. broiler chicken is a type of chicken resulting from the cultivation of animal husbandry technology which has the characteristic of fast growth, as a producer of meat with low feed conversion and is ready to be slaughtered at the age of 28-45 days. in raising chickens, it is necessary to pay attention to, among others, the provision of balanced chicken feed and the appropriate temperature of the chicken coop. broiler chicken farming business can not be separated from several obstacles faced. these obstacles are quite complex obstacles in running a business. the obstacle in question is the high level of risk faced. the risks faced in this livestock business are disease, feed, medicines, vaccines, and non-optimal labor that can affect broiler meat production. as one of the leading commodities in the livestock sector, chicken has prospects for continuous development. various efforts have been made by farmers to increase their mailto:febryhardian87@gmail.com agripreneur: journal of agribusiness agriculture issn 2302-9625  febry hardian-forecasting analysis of chicken (broiler) production and consumption in north sumatra province 63 competitiveness. the development of chicken as one of the leading livestock is also supported by the distribution of this livestock commodity in various islands or provinces throughout indonesia. the main purpose of forecasting is to make decision makers and policy makers understand the uncertainty of the future. so that the uncertainties and risks that may arise can be considered when they make plans or decisions that are oriented towards the future. by forecasting, planners and decision makers will be able to consider a wider range of strategic alternatives than without forecasting. thus, various strategic and action plans can be developed to deal with various possibilities that may occur in the future (sugiarto and harijono, 2000). according to makridakis (1999), there are two main things that must be considered in the process of making accurate and useful forecasts. the first is the collection of relevant data in the form of information that can produce accurate forecasts. the second is the selection of the right forecasting technique that will utilize the data information obtained as optimally as possible. 2. research methods determination of the research location by using the purposive method or intentionally. this research was conducted in north sumatra province which consists of 25 regencies and 8 cities with the consideration that north sumatra province is included as a center of livestock production under study and has a fairly large population. the data used in this study is time series data with a range of 2006-2015 which was analyzed with the help of the spss (statistical package for social science) program and in the form of secondary data. the data collected in this study used secondary data. in this study, the secondary data sources were the food security and livestock services of north sumatra province and the central statistics agency of north sumatra province. for the identification of the first problem, descriptive analysis is used in the form of presenting time series data with graphs or pictures and explanations of the data in the 20062015 period obtained according to actual conditions. to identify the second problem, to determine the forecasting of broiler meat production and consumption in north sumatra province for 2016-2025, a forecasting analysis was carried out through trends (long-term motion) using the least squares method (the least squares method) through the spss program using regression. simple linear. 3. results and discussion 3.1 forecasting analysis of chicken meat production and consumption (broiler) north sumatra province 2016-2025. 3.1.1 forecasting analysis of chicken meat production (broiler) north sumatra province 2016-2025  issn 2302-9625 agripreneur, vol.10, no. december 2, 2021: pp 62-67 64 forecasting analysis of broiler meat production in north sumatra province in 2016-2025 was obtained by using trend (long-term motion) using the least squares method (the least squares method) through the spss program using simple linear regression, using provincial broiler meat production data. north sumatra in 2006-2015, obtained the trend equation: qi = 43,754,401– 533,777x. table 1. total forecasting of chicken meat production (broiler) north sumatra province 2016-2025 source: food security service and north sumatra animal husbandry service processed, 2018. based on table 1 . from the results of forecasting broiler chicken meat production in 20162025 annually decreased by -533,777 tons. where in 2016 forecasting broiler chicken meat production is estimated at 37,882.85 tons and is estimated in 2025 that is 28,274.86 tons. 3.1.2 forecasting analysis of consumption of chicken (broiler) north sumatra province 2016-2025. forecasting analysis of broiler meat consumption in north sumatra province in 2016-2025 was obtained through trend (long-term motion) using the least squares method (least squares method) through the spss program using simple linear regression, using data on broiler meat consumption in north sumatra province. 2006-2015, the trend equation is obtained: qi = 43,817,999 – 565,338x. agripreneur: journal of agribusiness agriculture issn 2302-9625  febry hardian-forecasting analysis of chicken (broiler) production and consumption in north sumatra province 65 table 2. total forecasting consumption of chicken (broiler) north sumatra province 2016-2025 source: department of food security and department of animal husbandry of north sumatra processed, 2018 based on table 2, the results of forecasting broiler meat consumption in 2016-2025 each year decreased by -565.338 tons. where in 2016 forecasting consumption of broiler meat is 37,559.28 tons and in 2025 it is 27,423.19 tons. to see the conditions of production and consumption of broiler meat in north sumatra province in 2016-2025, it can be seen in table 3 by combining the amount of broiler meat production with the amount of broiler meat consumption that has been obtained previously. table 3. production and consumption of north sumatran broilers (broiler) in 2006-2025. source: department of food security and department of animal husbandry of north sumatra processed, 2018  issn 2302-9625 agripreneur, vol.10, no. december 2, 2021: pp 62-67 66 based on table 3. it can be seen that, in 2016-2025 production continued to decline but could meet the consumption needs of broiler chicken. this situation is caused by disease, declining feed quality because raw materials are still imported, making prices more expensive, the provision of medicines, vaccines and labor is not optimal so that broiler meat production continues to decline and makes broiler meat prices higher when compared to livestock. other chickens such as organic chicken and free-range chicken. this makes people prefer to consume organic chicken meat and free-range chicken meat because the prices are cheaper and healthier. to increase the production of alternative broiler meat that the government can do, one of which is the seriousness of the north sumatran government in increasing broiler meat production. one of them is by increasing the number of broiler chickens quickly either from artificial insemination or by buying imported broiler chickens which are expected to increase broiler meat production, and also improve the quality of raw materials for making broiler chicken feed. with the increase in the number of broiler chickens, it means that the government must also increase the workforce, facilities and infrastructure, and maintain intensive broiler chickens. so the government must invest in broiler chickens in order to achieve high broiler chicken meat production. the government must also conduct socialization to broiler chicken farmers so that they can carry out good maintenance so that broiler chicken meat production is high. the land of north sumatra which has the potential to be used as a broiler farm must be utilized because the climate is very supportive. if the production of broiler chicken meat can be fulfilled without having to import, of course the price of broiler meat, which so far according to the community is expensive, will become cheaper because of the surplus broiler meat production so that people don't have to spend a lot of money to consume broiler chicken. that way the consumption of broiler chicken meat will continue to increase and people's nutrition will be fulfilled and make indonesian children healthy and smart. 4. conclusion for the years 2016-2025 in north sumatra province, it shows that forecasting of broiler meat production has a negative trend and forecasting of broiler meat consumption has a negative trend with a not too significant difference between forecasting production and consumption of broiler meat in north sumatra province. reference abidin, z. 2002. meningkatkan produktifitas ayam ras pedaging. agromedia. jakarta. atmomarsono, u. 2004. upaya menghasilkan daging broiler aman dan sehat. pidato pengukuhan, diucapkan pada upacara peresmian penerimaan jabatan guru besar dalam ilmu ternak unggas pada fakultas peternakan universitas diponegoro. semarang. asrofi, i. 2014. teori bilangan: persen, rasio dan proporsi. pendidikan guru madrasah ibridaiyah. stain: ponorogo. assauri, sofjan. 2004. manajemen produksi dan operasi. lembaga fakultas ekonomi ui: jakarta. dinas peternakan dan kesehatan hewan provinsi sumatera utara. 2010. statistik peternakan 2010. bappenas, 2016. peternakan. diakses dari: http://www.bappenas.go.id files/ 1313/5098/8840/bab-4.pdf. agripreneur: journal of agribusiness agriculture issn 2302-9625  febry hardian-forecasting analysis of chicken (broiler) production and consumption in north sumatra province 67 doll, john p dan orazem, 1984. production economics theory with application. john wiley & sons inc, new york. kartasudjana, r. 2005. manajemen ternak unggas. fakultas peternakan.universitas padjajaran press, bandung. makridakis. 1999. metode dan aplikasi peramalan. edisi 2. binarupa aksara:jakarta. nugraheni, r.a. 2015. diakses dari: http://repository.unisba.ac.id/bitstream/handle/123456789/711/06bab2_nugraheni_10090211003_skr_ 2015.pdf?sequence=6&isallowed=y pasaribu, a. 1967. pengantar statistik edisi revisi. ghalia indonesia : jakarta timur. http://repository.unisba.ac.id/bitstream/handle/123456789/711/06bab2_nugraheni_10090211003_skr_2015.pdf?sequence=6&isallowed=y http://repository.unisba.ac.id/bitstream/handle/123456789/711/06bab2_nugraheni_10090211003_skr_2015.pdf?sequence=6&isallowed=y agripreneur, 11 (2) (2022) pp. 78-81 journal homepage: www.iocscience.org/ejournal/index.php/agripreneur agripreneur : jurnal pertanian agribisnis is licensed under a creative commons attribution-noncommercial 4.0 international license (cc by-nc 4.0). published by: iocscience agripreneur : jurnal pertanian agribisnis journal homepage: www.iocscience.org/ejournal/index.php/agripreneur journal homepage: www.iocscience.org/ejournal/index.php/agripreneur income analysis of rice farming business (oryza sativa l.)(case study: legal sustainable gapoktan in sukaresmi village, district megamendung, bogor regency, west java province) isma mutiara anisa faculty of agriculture, brawijaya university, indonesia email: ismamutiara16@gmail.com abstract rice is one of the food crop commodities that produce rice. most of indonesia's population make rice as a staple food everyday. the purpose of this study was to calculate the farming costs incurred by rice farmers from gapoktan official lestari, to analyze the income of rice farmers from gapoktan official lestari, to analyze the feasibility of farming rice farmers from gapoktan official lestari using b/c ratio, break event point (bep). ), payback period (pp). this was done to the gapoktan official lestari farmers who did rice farming with a total population of 30 respondents. the data used in this study are primary data and secondary data. the collected data were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively which were processed using microsoft excel. qualitative data analysis using descriptive analysis was carried out to describe the rice farming activities of the gapoktan official lestari. while the analysis of quantitative data uses income analysis to calculate the costs incurred and income earned on paddy rice farming gapoktan official lestari. keywords: farming, income, b/c ratio. 1. introduction food crops have a significant role for agricultural development and have a growing market potential. rice is one of the food crop commodities that produce rice. most of indonesia's population make rice as a staple food everyday. although rice can be replaced by other foods, rice has its own value for people who usually eat rice and cannot be easily replaced by other foods. the decline in the distribution of subsidized fertilizers was due to the scarcity of subsidized fertilizers. fertilizer subsidies are provided through a proposal mechanism by each regional government and then determined by the central government. this proposal was compiled from the results of tiered recapitulation starting from farmers, farmer groups, local governments to the center. the difference in the volume of subsidized fertilizer occurs not only between the regional proposals and the allocation of supplies from the government, but also occurs between the allocation of subsidized fertilizer from the government and the realization of its absorption. agricultural sector. 2. methods 2.1 types of research this study uses descriptive analysis to describe activities farming paddy paddy field gapoktan official lestari. meanwhile, quantitative data analysis uses income analysis to calculate costs incurred and income earned in paddy rice farming. 2.2 research variable this study uses the dependent variable by taking a population of 30 respondents 2.3 research design 79 jurnal pertanian agribisnis issn: 2302-9625 (print) 2828-6316 (online) isma mutiara anisa-income analysis of rice farming business (oryza sativa l.)(case study: legal sustainable gapoktan in sukaresmi village, district megamendung, bogor regency, west java province) the data used in this study are primary data and secondary data. the collected data were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively which were processed using microsoft excel. 2.4 sampling location the choice of this location was made purposively (purposively) with the consideration that the legal gapoktan lestari carried out rice farming activities in the midst of reducing subsidized fertilizers and in an effort to meet the demand for rice in the village. 2.5 time and place of research this research was carried out in november 2020 february 2021 within 3 months at the legal lestari gapoktan, sukaresmi village, megamendung district, bogor regency, west java province 2.6 tools and materials the quantitative data was collected and then tabulated to be analyzed and became the result of research using the microsoft office excel tool 2.7 research procedure the data used in this research is quantitative data, or can be calculated directly. therefore, this study uses quantitative and qualitative data analysis. the qualitative data collected is data regarding the identity of farmers who are members of the official gapoktan lestari paddy field, while quantitative data is used to determine the cost structure of paddy rice farming, production, selling price, and also the income of paddy rice farming. 2.8 data analysis. the analytical tools used are the analysis of the profit-to-cost ratio (b/c ratio), bep (break even point), and pp (payback period). 3. results and discussion 3.1 the cost structure of paddy farming farming official gapoktan lestari the cost of paddy rice farming gapoktan official lestari consists of fixed costs and variable costs in one growing season. fixed costs consist of land rent and equipment depreciation costs. while variable costs consist of organic and inorganic fertilizer costs, pesticide costs, outside family labor costs, seed costs, transportation costs, milling costs, tractor maintenance costs, tractor gasoline costs, and transportation costs. in addition, there are investment costs and depreciation costs. investment costs are the initial capital incurred by paddy rice farmers gapoktan official lestari in starting paddy rice farming, depreciation costs are costs of decreasing the benefits and quality (depreciation) of fixed assets during their economic life. depreciation costs apply usually on agricultural equipment such as depreciation in rice farming these rice fields are tractors, sprayers, scales, machetes, buckets, hoes, scrapers, common ticks, legowo wheel ticks, three-wheeled motorbikes, cultivators, and gasrok. fixed costs in this study include land rental costs and equipment depreciation while variable costs in this study include tklk costs (outside family labor), seeds, organic fertilizers, inorganic fertilizers, pesticides, transportation, milling, tractor maintenance, tractor gasoline, transportation costs. .total cost of paddy rice farming one growing season a. acceptance of official sustainable gapoktan paddy farming farming revenues are the result of production received by paddy rice farmers from the legal lestari gapoktan. the income from lowland rice farming is obtained from the total production of gkg into rice multiplied by the price per kilogram. the acceptance obtained 80 ❒ issn : 2302-9625 (print) 2828-6316 (online) agripreneur, vol. 11, no. 2 december 2022: pp 78-81 by the paddy rice farmers from the gapoktan official lestari provided that the selling price of the rice is determined by agreement of the two sellers as rice farmers from the gapoktan official lestari with the buyer, namely residents of sukaresmi village and marketing is carried out only from house to house. b. income from paddy field farming gapoktan officially sustainable lowland rice farming income is the difference between total revenue and total costs incurred in running lowland rice farming, income over the total cost of lowland rice farming by adding up all costs, both fixed costs and variable costs. income illustrates the profit earned from paddy rice farming by each lowland rice farmer. the income earned by gapoktan must be adequate and balanced from previous expenditures. c. the feasibility of lowland rice farming in the official lestari gapoktan to see the success and feasibility of a business run by paddy rice farmers, the gapoktan official lestari is still not enough when viewed from the value of income obtained from the difference between revenue and total costs using the b/c ratio and break event point the b/c ratio is a measure of the comparison between income and the total costs incurred in running paddy rice farming at the legal lestari gapoktan while the break even point (bep) is the break even point because at that point the income of paddy rice farming is the same as the capital spent on production and price and payback period is an analysis used to determine the period of return on investment that has been issued by paddy rice respondent farmers during production which is obtained from a comparison of investment value with income. the majority of civet coffee consumers are those who have experience drinking coffee, are mature and highly educated, and have jobs as entrepreneurs. in general, it can be stated that civet coffee consumers are the upper middle class. one luwak coffee customer stated that his monthly income was around rp. 8,000,000,-. this is understandable considering the price of civet coffee is relatively expensive at the rollas cafeteria where the research was carried out, the price of one cup of civet coffee is rp. 100,000,-. indeed, the price of civet coffee has a high price, but the high price for civet coffee is indeed comparable to the manufacturing process which requires a long time, materials (production costs), accuracy and standardization of the production process. 4. conclusion based on the results of the discussion in the study "sawah farming of gapoktan official lestari" it can be concluded that the farming costs incurred by paddy rice farmers of gapoktan official lestari are rp. 157,572,040 for a land area of 14.1 ha on 30 farmers, consisting of fixed costs rp. 39,125,000 and a variable cost of rp. 118,447,040 while the farming income obtained by paddy rice farmers from gapoktan official lestari comes from the receipt of proceeds from the sale of paddy rice production which is already in the form of rice amounting to rp. 560,718,000 when deducted by the total cost of rp. 157,572,040, so the income of paddy rice farming is idr 403,145,960, so it can be said that it is still on a balanced scale, even experiencing profits and experiencing a return on capital within 12 days. references adiwilaga, d. 1982. ilmu usaha tani. universitas padjadjaran. bandung. 81 jurnal pertanian agribisnis issn: 2302-9625 (print) 2828-6316 (online) isma mutiara anisa-income analysis of rice farming business (oryza sativa l.)(case study: legal sustainable gapoktan in sukaresmi village, district megamendung, bogor regency, west java province) cahyono, bambang. 2007. teknik budidaya, pengolahan, dan analisis usahatani kacang tanah. semarang : cv. aneka ilmu dahiri, kusumawardhani, risandi, octavia, ramiayu. 2021. dukungan apbn terhadap sektor pertanian. 03/arc.pka/vii/2021. pusat kajian anggaran badan keahlian sekretariat jenderal dpr ri hery. 2015. praktis menyusun laporan keuangan cepat dan mahir menyajikan. jakarta : gramedia widia sarana indonesia. herawati, wd. 2012. budidaya padi. pt buku kita. jakarta hermanto, swastika. 2011. penguatan kelompok tani: langkah awal peningkatan kesejahteraan petani. analisis kebijakan pertanian. vol. 9 no. 4, hal : 371. hernanto, f. 1991. ilmu usahatani. penebar swadaya. jakarta. kasmir dan jakfar. 2004. studi kelayakan bisnis. kencana. jakarta. kecamatan megamendung kabupaten bogor. 2020. desa sukaresmi. https://kecamatanmegamendung.bogorkab.go.id/desa/150). diakses pada tanggal 05 april 2021 kementerian pertanian republik indonesia. mulyono, subangkit. 2002. memelihara ayam buras berorientasi agribisnis. pt penebar swadaya. jakarta. open data jabar.2020. luas panen padi berdasarkan kabupaten/kota di jawa barat. https://opendata.jabarprov.go.id/id/hasilpencarian?q=luas%20panen%20padi%20&suggestion=on& by=dataset. diakses pada 25 september 2021. padangaran, ayub m. 2013. analisis kuantitatif pembiayaan perusahaan pertanian. ipb press. bogor. pasribu, agustina irene dan hasanudin, tubagus dan nurmayasari, indah. 2013. pola kemitraan dan pendapatan usahatani kelapa sawit : kasus kemitraan usahatani kelapa sawit antara pt. perkebunan nusantara vii unit usaha bekri dengan petani mitra di desa tanjung jaya, kecamatan bangun rejo, kabupaten lampung tengah. jiia, vol. 1. no. 4. lampung : universitas lampung. peraturan menteri pertanian. 2008. pedoman umum pengembangan usaha agribisnis perdesaan (puap). nomor : 16/permentan/ot.140/2/2008. wahyuni, s. (2003). kinerja kelompok tani dalam sistem usahatani padi dan metode pemberdayaannya. jurnal litbang pertanian bogor. vol. 22 no. 1, hal : 93. bogor: pusat penelitian dan pengembangan pertanian. wiryanta, bernadinus t. wahyu. 2002. bertanam cabai pada musim hujan. cet. 1. agromedia. jakarta. yusuf, nur ikhsan ramdhani. 2015. analisis pendapatan usahatani kangkung organik petani binaan agribusiness development center (adc) di kabupaten bogor. [skripsi]. fakultas sains dan teknologi. uin syarif hidayatullah. jakarta. ijece agripreneur,10 (2) (2021) pp. 50-56 journal homepage:www.iocscience.org/ejournal/index.php/agripreneur published by:iocscience agripreneur : journal of agribusiness agriculture journal homepage:www.iocscience.org/ejournal/index.php/agripreneur the relationship of farmer social economic characteristics to the success of agricultural explanation program legowo 4:1 planting system and sri (system of rice intensification) (case study: pematang setrak village, teluk mengkudu district, serdang bedagai regency) muhammad syahrizal agribusiness study program faculty of agriculture, university of north sumatra, medan 20155, indonesia msyahrizall@gmail.com abstract this study aims to determine the socio-economic characteristics of farmers in the research area, determine the success of agricultural extension programs on the legowo 4:1 planting system and sri (system rice of intenfication) in the research area, determine the success rate of implementing agricultural extension programs on the legowo 4:1 planting system and sri (system rice of intenfication) in the research area, to find out whether there is a relationship between the socioeconomic characteristics of farmers (age, education level, length of farming , number of dependents) on the success of agricultural extension programs on the legowo 4:1 planting system and sri (system rice of intensification). ) in the study area. the analysis method uses descriptive, scoring, and rank spearman methods with the help of spss 16. the results obtained that the success rates of the extension program on the legowo 4:1 planting system and sri (system rice of intenfication) were 81.5% and 83.7% respectively. age and duration of farming have a relationship with the success of the agricultural extension program in the 4:1 legowo planting system. meanwhile, the level of education and the number of dependents have no relationship to the success of the agricultural extension program in the 4:1 legowo planting system. while the level of education, length of farming and number of dependents have no relationship to the success of the agricultural extension program on the sri (system rice of intenfication) planting system. age and duration of farming have a relationship with the success of the agricultural extension program in the 4:1 legowo planting system. meanwhile, the level of education and the number of dependents have no relationship to the success of the agricultural extension program in the 4:1 legowo planting system. while the level of education, length of farming and number of dependents have no relationship to the success of the agricultural extension program on the sri (system rice of intenfication) planting system. age and duration of farming have a relationship with the success of the agricultural extension program in the 4:1 legowo planting system. meanwhile, the level of education and the number of dependents have no relationship to the success of the agricultural extension program in the 4:1 legowo planting system. while the level of education, length of farming and number of dependents have no relationship to the success of the agricultural extension program on the sri (system rice of intenfication) planting system. keywords: characteristics, success rate, relationships, legowo 4:1. 1. introduction in order to build resilient agriculture, agricultural development actors need to have the ability to optimally utilize all resources, overcome all obstacles and challenges, adapt to production patterns and structures to changes that occur and play an active role in national development and regional development. to realize this resilient agriculture, it is necessary to have strong and strong agricultural apparatus in the field of regulation. services and counseling are in accordance with the qualifications and specializations needed for the continuity of the resilient agricultural development process (soedijanto, 1996). an extension worker assists farmers in their efforts to increase production and the quality of their produce in order to improve their welfare. extension agents act as reform agents who help farmers identify the problems they face and find the solutions needed (suhardiyono, 1992). extension can not be done just like that without prior introduction of the area and the mailto:msyahrizall@gmail.com agripreneur: journal of agribusiness agriculture issn 2302-9625  muhammad syahrizal-the relation of farmers' socio-economic characteristics to the success rate of agricultural extension programs legowo 4:1 planting system and sri (system of rice intensification) (case study: pematang setrak village, teluk mengkudu district, serdang bedagai regency) 51 extension work program that must be carried out for the agricultural area. the introduction of an agricultural area must result in a survey in the form of a regional monograph and then an adequate extension program with the level and importance of the agricultural area can be determined (kartasapoetra, 1987). the agricultural extension work program was created after the extension worker knew the descriptions of the conditions and situation of the farming business being carried out in the village, especially regarding the problems that were being faced by the farmers. a good agricultural extension work program is a work program that is made by taking into account and considering the existing pictures, especially the conditions and situations as well as the problems faced by farmers, the role and capabilities of the extension workers as well as difficulties or obstacles that may arise during its implementation (kartasapoetra, 1987). ). the row planting system is an attempt to manipulate the planting location so that the planting will have a higher number of edge plants with empty rows. it is known that rice plants on the edge have better growth and development than rice plants in the middle row, thus providing higher production yields and grain quality. this is because plants on the edge will get more sunlight intensity (edge plant effect) (sembiring, 2001). in 1997, uphoff gave a presentation on sri (system of rice intensification) in bogor, indonesia; for the first time sri was presented outside madagascar. in 1999, for the first time sri was tested outside madagascar, namely in china and indonesia. sri testing in indonesia is carried out by the indonesian agency for agricultural research and development (iaard) at its research center in sukamandi, west java. the test results showed that the harvest with the sri method was 6.2 tons/ha while the yield from the control plot was 4.1 tons/ha, so that there was an increase in yield of 66.12 percent. since then, sri has been tested in more than 25 countries with yields ranging from 7 – 10 tons/ha (adiratma, 2004). 2. research methods the research area was determined purposively based on certain considerations. this research was conducted in pematang setrak village, teluk mengkudu district, serdang bedagai regency. pematang setrak village was chosen because the farmers in the village implemented rice cultivation using the jajar legowo planting system and using the sri (system of rice intensification) system. the population in this study were farmers who planted rice using the legowo system and the sri system in pematang setrak in teluk mengkudu district, serdang bedagai regency. sampling in this study was carried out using simple random sampling where the sampling method was taken from members of the population randomly without regard to the strata in the members of the population. in this study, there were 399 farmers. from this number, 60 samples were taken and the sample consisted of 30 farmers with the 4:1 legowo planting system and 30 farmers with the sri planting system.  issn 2302-9625 agripreneur, vol.10, no. december 2, 2021: pp 50-56 52 the data collected in this study consisted of primary data and secondary data. primary data was obtained from observations (observations) and direct interviews with sample farmers in the research area using a questionnaire that had been prepared in advance. meanwhile, secondary data was obtained from related institutions such as bps, the office of the head of pematang sentrak village, teluk mengkudu sub-district, serdang bedagai district, the office of the head of the agricultural office of serdang bedagai and the head of the gapoktan of pematang setrak village, and other relevant agencies. for problem identification (1), analyzed using descriptive method, the thing to be analyzed is about the implementation of agricultural extension programs on the legowo 4:1 planting system and sri (system of rice intensification) in the research area. to complete the hypothesis (1), namely by analyzing the differences in the socio-economic characteristics of farmers between farmers using the legowo 4:1 cropping system and sri (system of rice intensification), it was analyzed using a comparative method. 3. results and discussion 3.1 the success of the agricultural extension program on the legowo planting system 4:1 the cipp model is a model that is oriented to decision makers. this model divides evaluation into four types, namely: context evaluation (serving planning decisions), input evaluation (to help manage decisions to determine available sources, alternatives taken, and work procedures to achieve the intended goals), process evaluation (assisting decisions on the extent to which the program has been implemented), product evaluation (ie reviewing decisions). the four types of cipp evaluations (context, input, process, product) can be visualized into aspects of the assessment of the implementation of the agricultural extension program on the 4:1 legowo planting system in the research area in table 1 below: table 1. assessment of the implementation of the agricultural extension program on the legowo 4:1 planting system in pematang setrak village, teluk mengkudu district. agripreneur: journal of agribusiness agriculture issn 2302-9625  muhammad syahrizal-the relation of farmers' socio-economic characteristics to the success rate of agricultural extension programs legowo 4:1 planting system and sri (system of rice intensification) (case study: pematang setrak village, teluk mengkudu district, serdang bedagai regency) 53 from table 1, it can be seen that the assessment of the implementation of the agricultural extension program on the legowo 4:1 planting system can be measured according to activity indicators ranging from context, input, process to product. based on the implementation assessment indicators that have been described previously, it can be seen the results of the transformation of the implementation of the extension program in the research area which can be seen in table 2. table 2. results of the value transformation of the implementation of the agricultural extension program on the legowo 4:1 cultivation system in pematang setrak village, teluk mengkudu district. total expected value: 16 – 80 total score obtained: 65.1 total achievement percentage: 81.5% the ability of farmers to cultivate farming has also changed and with the implementation of the 4:1 legowo planting system technology provided by extension workers, farmers can increase the production of their farms. from table 2 above, it can be seen that the implementation of the agricultural extension program with the 4:1 legowo planting system in pematang setrak village, kec. mengkudu bay can be classified in the successful category, with a success value of 65.1 with a percentage of program achievement of 81.5%. 3.2 the success of the agricultural extension program on the sri planting system (system of rice intensification). the four types of cipp evaluations (context, input, process, product) can be visualized into  issn 2302-9625 agripreneur, vol.10, no. december 2, 2021: pp 50-56 54 aspects of the assessment of the implementation of the agricultural extension program on the sri (system of rice intensification) planting system in the research area in table 3 below. table 3. assessment of the implementation of agricultural extension programs on the system of rice intensification (sri) in pematang setrak village, teluk mengkudu district. from table 3, it can be seen that the assessment of the implementation of the agricultural extension program on the sri (system of rice intensification) planting system can be measured according to activity indicators ranging from context, input, process to product. based on the implementation assessment indicators that have been described previously, it can be seen the results of the transformation of the implementation of the agricultural extension program on the sri (system of rice intensification) planting system in the research area which can be seen in table 4. table 4. results of the value transformation of the implementation of the agricultural extension program on the system of rice intensification (sri) in pematang setrak village, teluk mengkudu district. total expected value : 16 – 80 total score obtained : 66.9 total achievement percentage : 83.7% the ability of farmers to cultivate farming has also changed and with the implementation of the sri (system of rice intensification) planting system technology provided by extension agripreneur: journal of agribusiness agriculture issn 2302-9625  muhammad syahrizal-the relation of farmers' socio-economic characteristics to the success rate of agricultural extension programs legowo 4:1 planting system and sri (system of rice intensification) (case study: pematang setrak village, teluk mengkudu district, serdang bedagai regency) 55 workers, farmers can increase their farming production. from table 5.4 above, it can be seen that the implementation of the sri (system of rice intensification) agricultural extension program in pematang setrak village, kec. mengkudu bay can be classified in the successful category, with a success value of 66.9 with a percentage of program achievement of 83.7%. 4. conclusion the successful implementation of the 4:1 legowo planting system extension program in pematang setrak village, teluk mengkudu district, serdang bedagai regency has been categorized as successful on each implementation indicator. in the context indicator, the percentage of achievement is 82.8% with an average value of 16.5. in the input indicator, the percentage of achievement obtained is 78.6% with a value of 15.7. in the process indicator, the percentage of achievement is 80.5% with a value of 16.1. in the product indicator, the percentage of achievement is 84.3% with a value of 16.8. the success rate of the 4:1 legowo planting system extension program in the research area is 65.1 with a percentage of 81.5% achieved. the successful implementation of the sri (system of rice intensification) planting system extension program in pematang setrak village, teluk mengkudu district, serdang bedagai regency has been categorized as successful on each implementation indicator. in the context indicator, the percentage of achievement is 88.2% with an average value of 17.6. in the input indicator, the percentage of achievement obtained is 83.5% with a value of 16.7. in the process indicator, the percentage of achievement is 79.2% with a value of 15.8. in the product indicator, the percentage of achievement is 84.2% with a value of 16.8. the value of the success rate of the sri (system of rice intensification) planting system extension program in the research area is 66.9 with a percentage of 83.7% achieved. reference adiratma, e. roekasah 2004. stop tanaman padi. memikirkan kondisi petani padi sawah indonesia dan upaya meningkatkan kesejahteraan. penebar swadaya. jakarta. abdul, q. 2006. hubungan karakteristik sosial ekonomi penyuluh dengan tingkat keberhasilan pelaksanaan tugas pokok penyuluh pertanian. di kec. perbaungan. kab. serdang bedagai. skripsi. usu. medan. aiva, v. 2009. hubungan karakteristik sosial ekonomi penyuluh terhadap tingkat keberhasilan pelaksanaan tugas pokok penyuluh pertanian. di kec. pantai cermin. kab. serdang bedagai. skripsi. usu. medan. ginting, m., 1995. prinsip dasar dan langkah – langkah program penyuluhan pembangunan. ipb, bogor. irianto, a. 2004. statistik konsep dasar dan aplikasinya. kencana. jakarta. kartasapoetra, a.g., 1987. teknologi penyuluhan pertanian. bumi aksara, jakarta. lubis, n, l. 2000. adopsi teknologi dan faktor yang mempengaruhinya. usu press. medan.  issn 2302-9625 agripreneur, vol.10, no. december 2, 2021: pp 50-56 56 mardikanto, t. dan sri sutarni, 1990. petunjuk penyuluhan pertanian. usaha nasional, surabaya. mosher, a.t.1983.menggerakkan dan membangun pertanian.yasaguna,jakarta. santoso, singgih. 2010. analisis multivarian. alex media komputindo. jakarta. sembiring, h. 2001. komoditas unggulan pertanian provinsi sumatera utara. badan penelitian dan pengembangan teknologi. sumatera utara. sinar tani, 2001. penyuluhan pertanian. yayasan pengembangan sinar tani, jakarta. soedijanto, 1996. administrasi penyuluhan pertanian, falsafah, masalah dan strategi. alumni, bandung. soekartawi. 1988. prinsip dasar komunikasi pertanian. jakarta: ui press. soekartawi. 1999. agribisnis: teori dan aplikasi. pt. raja grafindo persada. jakarta. subagyo, p, 1992. statistik deskriptif. bpfe, yogyakarta. suhardiyono, l., 1992. penyuluhan petunjuk bagi penyuluh pertanian. erlangga, jakarta. sulianto. 2011. analisis data dalam aplikasi pemasaran, ghalia indonesia. bogor. suratyah, k. 2008. ilmu usahatani. cetakan ke-2. penebar swadaya. jakarta. suwita, 2011. analisispendapatan petani karet (studi kasus di desa dusun curup kecamatan air bersih kecamatan bengkulu utara). (skripsi). fakultas ekonomi dan studi pembangunan. universitas bengkulu. walpole, r. e. 1992. pengantar statistik edisi ke-3. pt. gramedia pustaka utama. jakarta. ijece agripreneur, 9 (2) (2020) pp. 37-43 journal homepage: www.iocscience.org/ejournal/index.php/agripreneur published by: iocscience agripreneur : jurnal pertanian agribisnis journal homepage: www.iocscience.org/ejournal/index.php/agripreneur factors affecting rice production (case: purba ganda village, pematang bandar district, simalungun regency) bayu arisandy agribusiness study program faculty of agriculture, university of north sumatra, medan 20155, indonesia bayuarsad@gmail.com abstract this study aims to analyze the factors that influence rice production in purba ganda village. the analytical method used is the multiple linear regression analysis method using the spss application. the variables used in this study are land area, seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, and labor. the results showed that simultaneously the variables of land area, seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, and labor had a significant effect on rice production in desa purba ganda. these variables are able to explain 99.5% while the remaining 0.5% are other variables not included in the model. partially, each variable of land area, seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, and labor has a significant effect on rice production in the study area. keywords: production factors, rice farming, rice production 1. introduction indonesia as an agricultural country is facing agricultural problems, especially rice food problems. in 1984-1986 there was once self-sufficiency in rice, now it is a rice importing country. this is because domestic rice production is not sufficient to meet the consumption needs of the population, where the increase in production and productivity of rice plants is very slow while the rate of population growth continues to increase (hasyim, 2007). production is the yield of lowland rice obtained during a certain period of time (one growing season) whose amount is expressed in certain units (hafidh, 2009). rice production between locations is very diverse and the majority is not optimal. the average yield of rice in the form of dry grain is 4.7 tons/ha, while the potential can reach 6-7 tons/ha (mafor, 2015). factors that affect the amount of rice production include land area, seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, and labor (notarianto, 2011). the production function is the relationship between the factors of production and the level of production they create. the purpose of production activities is to maximize the amount of output with a certain number of inputs. furthermore, the production function is also explained by nicholson (2002), the production function is a function that shows a mathematical relationship between the inputs used to produce a certain level of output. agricultural land is a determinant of the influence of agricultural commodity production factors. in general, it is said, the wider the area of land (cultivated/planted), the greater the amount of production produced by the land. according to mubyarto (1989), land as one of the factors of production which is the factory of agricultural products which has a significant contribution to farming. mailto:bayuarsad@gmail.com  issn 2302-9625 agripreneur, vol.9, no. desember 2, 2020: pp 37-43 38 seeds are plant seeds that have been treated so that they can be used as a means of multiplying plants which usually come from the grain of the plant itself. the seeds used will affect the resulting production (suzana et al., 2011). like humans, in addition to consuming basic food nutrients, it is also necessary to consume vitamin nutrients as an addition to staple foods. plants too, fertilizer is needed as a vitamin nutrient for optimal growth and development. fertilizers that are often used are organic fertilizers and inorganic fertilizers. according to (rahim and diah retno, 2007), organic fertilizer is fertilizer that comes from the decomposition of parts or residues of plants and animals, for example manure, green manure, compost, cake, guano, and bone meal. meanwhile, inorganic fertilizers or commonly referred to as artificial fertilizers are fertilizers that have been processed at the factory, such as urea, tsp, and kcl fertilizers. like humans, in addition to consuming basic food nutrients, it is also necessary to consume vitamin nutrients as an addition to staple foods. plants too, fertilizer is needed as a vitamin nutrient for optimal growth and development. fertilizers that are often used are organic fertilizers and inorganic fertilizers. according to (rahim and diah retno, 2007), organic fertilizer is fertilizer that comes from the decomposition of parts or residues of plants and animals, for example manure, green manure, compost, cake, guano, and bone meal. meanwhile, inorganic fertilizers or commonly referred to as artificial fertilizers are fertilizers that have been processed at the factory, such as urea, tsp, and kcl fertilizers. pesticides are needed by plants to prevent and eradicate pests and diseases that attack them. on the one hand, pesticides can benefit farming, but on the other hand pesticides can harm farmers. pesticides can be a loss for farmers if there is an error in their use, both in terms of method and composition. these losses include environmental pollution, damage to agricultural commodities, poisoning which can result in death for humans and pets (rahim and diah retno, 2007). labor is one of the most important factors of production. from a general perspective, the notion of labor concerns humans who are able to work to produce goods and services and have economic value that can be useful for the needs of the community, physically the ability to work is measured by age. labor production factor is an important production factor and has a great influence on agricultural business activities. the amount of work devoted to each activity is different, where the more labor available and devoted to agricultural business activities, the greater the number of products produced which will have an impact on greater income (simanjuntak, 1998). agripreneur: jurnal pertanian agribisnis issn 2302-9625  bayu arisandy factors affecting rice production (case: purba ganda village, pematang bandar district, simalungun regency) 39 2. research methods the research area was set in purba ganda village, pematang bandar district, simalungun regency. this research area is determined purposively, which means the research area is determined intentionally based on certain considerations such as population characteristics or previously known characteristics. the method used in sampling is the simple random sampling method. simple random sampling is a technique of taking samples from members of the population which is carried out randomly without regard to the strata that exist in the population. the data collected in this study consisted of primary data and secondary data. primary data is a source of data obtained directly from respondents, either by interview, direct observation in the field or filling out questionnaires by respondents. secondary data is data obtained from other relevant sources such as the purba ganda village office, the simalungun regency agriculture and plantation service, the north sumatra statistics center, the simalungun regency agricultural extension agency office and other related agencies that can support the completeness of the data in this study. . in general, the analytical tool used in this study is multiple linear regression analysis. multiple linear regression analysis method to analyze how the influence of land area, seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, and labor on rice production in purba ganda village. 3. results and discussion 3.1 factors affecting rice production the results of the study on 84 samples of rice farmers showed the factors that influenced rice production in purbaganda village. rice production obtained is influenced by several factors, namely land area (x1), seeds (x2), fertilizers (x3), pesticides (x4), and labor (x5). to test its effect, it can use multiple linear regression analysis with the ordinary least square (ols) method or the least square method using spss 25.0 tool either simultaneously or partially. a. simultaneous test (f test) simultaneous test (f test) can be seen from table 1 which shows the significance value of f as follows: table 1. simultaneous test (test f) rice production model sum of squares df mean square f sig. 1 regression 258744484.0 5 51748896.79 3146,757 .000b residual 1282722.002 78 16445.154 total 260027206.0 83 a. dependent variable: production b. predictors: (constant), labor, pesticide, fertilizer, seed, land area the significance of f of 0.000 is smaller than the probability value of 0.05 (0.000 < 0.05). then h0 is rejected and h1 is accepted, which means that the variables of land area, seeds,  issn 2302-9625 agripreneur, vol.9, no. desember 2, 2020: pp 37-43 40 fertilizers, pesticides, and labor simultaneously have a significant effect on rice production. b. partial test (test – t) table 2. partial test (t test) of rice production a. dependent variable: production 1) effect of land area on rice production the significance value of t variable of land area obtained is 0.000. this shows that the significance value is smaller than the probability value of 0.05 (0.000 < 0.05), it can be concluded that h0 is rejected and h1 is accepted, which means that the variable area of land partially has a significant effect on rice production. the land area regression coefficient of 3814,395 can be interpreted that there is a direct (positive) relationship between land area and rice production. this means that for every 1 hectare increase in land area, rice production will increase by 3814.395 kg assuming other variables are constant. 2) effect of seed on rice production the significance value of the seed variable t obtained is 0.000. this indicates that the significance value is smaller than the probability value of 0.05 (0.000 < 0.05), so it can be concluded that h0 is rejected and h1 is accepted, which means that the seed variable partially has a significant effect on rice production. seed regression coefficient of 29,913 can be interpreted that there is a direct (positive) relationship between seeds and rice production. this means that for every 1 kg increase in seed, rice production will increase by 29.913 kg assuming other variables are constant. based on the findings in the field that on average, farmers use local seeds or seeds derived from superior seeds used previously in the cultivation process. this of course can affect the yield of rice production in the study area, so that production in the next planting period will decrease. this is in accordance with the opinion of suzana et al. (2011) which states that the use of good seeds and in accordance with the rules will produce cultivated plants that are both in quality and quantity. 3) effect of fertilizer on rice production the significance value of the fertilizer variable t obtained is 0.001. this shows that the significance value is smaller than the probability value of 0.05 (0.001 < 0.05), so it can be agripreneur: jurnal pertanian agribisnis issn 2302-9625  bayu arisandy factors affecting rice production (case: purba ganda village, pematang bandar district, simalungun regency) 41 concluded that h0 is rejected and h1 is accepted, which means that the fertilizer variable partially has a significant effect on rice production. the fertilizer regression coefficient of 1.270 means that there is a direct (positive) relationship between fertilizer and rice production. this means that for every 1 kg increase in fertilizer, rice production will increase by 1.270 kg assuming other variables are constant. based on the findings in the field, one of the causes of the decline in rice production in the study area is the reduced use of fertilizers. this is because the provision of subsidized fertilizers is limited and farmers only have little capital to buy fertilizers that are not subsidized. fertilizer itself plays an important role in increasing the amount of rice production. thus, if the use of fertilizers is reduced, the rice production produced will decrease. 4) effect of pesticides on rice production the significance value of the pesticide variable t obtained is 0.027. this shows that the significance value is smaller than the probability value of 0.05 (0.027 < 0.05), so it can be concluded that h0 is rejected and h1 is accepted, which means that the pesticide variable partially has a significant effect on rice production. the pesticide regression coefficient of 30.193 can be interpreted that there is a direct (positive) relationship between pesticides and rice production. this means that every 1 liter increase in pesticide will maintain rice production of 30,193 kg assuming other variables are constant. 5) the effect of labor on rice production the significance value of the labor variable t obtained is 0.012. this shows that the significance value is smaller than the probability value of 0.05 (0.012 < 0.05), it can be concluded that h0 is rejected and h1 is accepted, which means that the labor variable partially has a significant effect on rice production. the labor regression coefficient of 12.648 can be interpreted that there is a direct (positive) relationship between labor and rice production. this means that for every increase in labor by 1 hok, rice production will increase by 12,648 kg assuming other variables are constant. this is in accordance with simanjuntak (1998) who said that labor is an important factor of production. the amount of work devoted to each activity is different, where the more labor available and devoted to farming activities, the greater the amount of production produced. 4. conclusion simultaneously, the variables of land area, seeds, fertilizers, pesticides and labor have a significant effect on rice production in purba ganda village. these variables are able to explain 99.5% while the remaining 0.5% are other variables that are not included in the model. partially, each variable area of land, seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, labor has a significant effect on rice production in the study area.  issn 2302-9625 agripreneur, vol.9, no. desember 2, 2020: pp 37-43 42 reference abdulrachman, s., m. j. mejaya., n. agustiani., i. gunawan., p. sasmita dan a. guswara 2013. sistem tanam legowo. balai penelitian dan pengembangan pertanian, sukamandi. anggraini, f., a. suryanto dan n. aini. 2013. sistem tanam dan umur bibit pada tanaman padi sawah (oryza sativa l.) varietas inpari 13. j. produksi tanaman. 1 (2): 52 – 60. badan pusat statistik. 2020. pematang bandar dalam angka 2020. badan pusat statistik. 2020. simalungun dalam angka 2020. badan pusat statistik. 2020. sumatera utara dalam angka 2020. bobihoe, j. 2007. pengelolaan tanaman terpadu (ptt) padi sawah. balai pengkajian teknologi, jambi. bptp. 2009. budidaya tanaman padi. badan ketahan pangan dan penyuluhan pertanian, aceh. hafidh, m. 2009. pengaruh tenaga kerja, modal, dan luas lahan terhadap produksi usahatani padi sawah (studi kasus di kecamatan rowosari kabupaten kendal). universitas negeri semarang, semarang. (skripsi sarjana ekonomi). hasyim, hasman. 2007. analisis faktor – faktor yang mempengaruhi ketersedian beras di sumatera utara. tesis: universitas sumatera utara. jamilah. 2013. pengaruh penyiangan gulma dan sistim tanam terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman padi sawah (oryza sativa l.). j. agraria. 17 (1): 28 – 35. kantor desa purba ganda. 2020. karokaro, s., j.e.x. rogi., d.s. runtunuwu dan p. tumewu. 2015. pengaturan jarak tanam padi (oryza sativa l.) pada sistem tanam jajar legowo. j. universitas sam ratulangi. 16 (16): 1 – 7. kementrian pertanian. 2019. buletin konsumsi pangan volume 10 nomor 1 tahun 2019. mafor, k.i. 2015. analisis faktor produksi padi sawah di desa tompasobaru dua kecamatan tompasobaru. j. universitas sam ratulangi. 6 (2): 1 – 11. mandry, s.v. 2016. analisis kemampuan permodalan usahatani palawija (ubi jalar, kentang) dan hortikultura (kubis, cabai, jeruk) di pedesaan. skripsi: medan. notarianto, dipo. 2011. analisis efisiensi penggunaan faktor faktor produksi pada usahatani padi organik dan padi anorganik. universitas diponegoro, semarang. penyuluh petani lapangan pematang bandar. 2021. rahim, abdul dan diah retno dwi hastuti. 2007. ekonomika pertanian, pengantar. teori dan kasus: penebar swadaya. agripreneur: jurnal pertanian agribisnis issn 2302-9625  bayu arisandy factors affecting rice production (case: purba ganda village, pematang bandar district, simalungun regency) 43 ratih, s.i., s. karindah dan g. mudjiono. 2014. pengaruh sistem pengendalian hama terpadu dan konvensional terhadap intensitas serangan penggerek batang padi dan musuh alami pada tanaman padi. j. hpt. 2 (3): 18 – 27. simanjuntak, c.p.s., g. jonatan dan meiriani. 2015. pertumbuhan dan produksi padi sawah pada beberapa varietas dan pemberian pupuk npk. j. online agroekoteknologi. 3 (4): 1416 – 1424. simanjuntak, p.j. 1998. pengantar ekonomi sumberdaya manusia. jakarta: fe ui. sudarman, ari. 1999. teori ekonomi mikro, jilid i. bpfe. ugm, yogyakarta. sugiyono. 2001. metode penelitian. bandung: cv. alfa beta. sumarno. 2006. periodisasi musim tanam padi sebagai landasan manajemen produksi beras nasional. pusat penelitian dan pengembangan tanaman pangan, bogor. supangat, a. 2010. statistik dalam kajian deskriptif, inferensi, dan nonparametrik. jakarta: kencana perdana. ijece agripreneur, 9 (1) (2020) pp. 16-22 journal homepage:www.iocscience.org/ejournal/index.php/agripreneur published by:iocscience agripreneur : journal of agribusiness agriculture journal homepage:www.iocscience.org/ejournal/index.php/agripreneur eoq (economic order quantity) analysis of rice availability in public bulog company in lhokseumawe city salsabila akmali agribusiness program study faculty of agriculture, university of north sumatra, medan 20155, indonesia salsabilaakm@gmail.com abstract the research aims to find out that the implementation of rice orders at the lhokseumawe bulog public company has used the eoq method well and the performance of rice availability management at the lhokseumawe bulog public company. the location of this research was chosen deliberately with the consideration that the area is one of the densely populated areas so it requires a large stock of rice, but the area is still classified as an area with low rice production compared to other areas in aceh. the method of determining the sample in this study uses purposive sampling with a research sample of 11 respondents who are employees of the public company bulog lhokseumawe in each field. the data of this study were obtained from secondary data and primary data which are related to the eoq (economic order quantity) analysis. data analysis was carried out by quantitative descriptive method where data analysis used the eoq (economic order quantity) method. the results showed that the implementation of ordering rice at the bulog lhokseumawe public company had not been carried out properly and the management performance of the lhokseumawe bulog public company was not running well. keywords: eoq method, public company bulog lhokseumawe, rice availability. 1. introduction rice is a strategic commodity which is not only an economic commodity but also a political commodity and is an important factor in maintaining national stability. for this reason, the government must be responsive to parameters related to the availability, demand and stock of rice (sari et al, 2020). one of the important things in the management of national rice is knowing the supply, demand and stock of rice so that there is no scarcity or surplus of rice in the market and causes losses for the community as consumers and farmers as producers. at the desired level, a decent and affordable rice price will be achieved by the community and will benefit farmers as producers (arief, 2012). availability (food availability) is the availability of food in sufficient, safe and nutritious quantities for everyone, whether from self-production, imports, food reserves or food assistance. this availability is expected to be able to meet food, which is defined as the number of calories needed for an active and healthy life (hanani, 2012). availability means available in sufficient quantities to meet the needs of all family members in terms of quantity, quality, and safety. to achieve food security, the bulog public company has an important role through its public duties. one of them is implementing a policy to purchase domestic rice or unhulled rice with mailto:salsabilaakm@gmail.com agripreneur: journal of agribusiness agriculture issn 2302-9625  salsabila akmali-analysis of eoq (economic order quantity) rice availability at bulog public company in lhokseumawe city 17 the provisions of the government purchase price (hpp). this activity is manifested in the form of domestic procurement of grain or rice by the bulog public company. therefore, through this policy, it is hoped that the bulog public company will be able to realize food security in accordance with applicable regulations. the rice procurement policy which is the task of the bulog public company based on presidential instruction number 05 of 2015 concerning the procurement of rice, bulog assigns the bulog public company to be responsible for the implementation of rice procurement. bulog public company in carrying out rice procurement policies must apply inventory control techniques, the inventory control technique used is the economic order quantity (eoq) method. the economic order quantity (eoq) method is a classic or oldest and simplest inventory control technique. this method was first introduced by ford w. harris in 1915. this method aims to minimize total or overall costs and to obtain economical inventory results by cost efficiency (bernad, 2006). according to syamsuddin (2009) states that the economic order quantity (eoq) method considers both operating costs and financial costs and determines the order quantity that will minimize overall inventory costs. thus, the economic order quantity (eoq) method does not only determine the optimal amount of availability but, more importantly, concerns the financial aspects of decisions about the quantity of availability. economic order quantity (eoq) is an inventory management method that determines the number of orders or purchases that must be made and how many quantities must be ordered so that the total cost (the sum of ordering costs and storage costs) is to a minimum. according to manullang (2005) the economic order quantity (eoq) method is a way to obtain a number of goods with a minimum cost and supervision of ordering costs and carrying costs. the economic order quantity (eoq) method is the number of goods that can be purchased with a minimum inventory cost or often called the optimal number of goods orders. 2. research methods this research was carried out in lhokseumawe city, namely the bulog public company jl. t. hamzah treasurer ka ii garing 55, keude aceh, banda sakti, lhokseumawe city, aceh. the research was determined purposively (deliberately), with the consideration that lhokseumawe was chosen as the research area because the area is a densely populated area so it requires a large stock of rice but the area is still classified as an area with low rice production compared to other areas in aceh. the method used in sampling in this study is purposive sampling, which is sampling intentionally. the sample in this study were employees of the public company bulog lhokseumawe in each field. furthermore, the sample will be called the respondent, the  issn 2302-9625 agripreneur, vol.9, no. june 1, 2020: pp 16-22 18 respondents in this study amounted to 11 people. the population in this study were employees of the public company bulog lhokseumawe. data collection methods used in this study are primary data and secondary data. primary data is obtained directly from the field, either by direct observation in the field or interviews with respondents. primary data collection is done by conducting interviews with respondents by asking various questions that have been prepared in advance. secondary data were obtained from observations, literature studies, and recording data related to the number of orders for economical rice such as data on rice procurement and data on rice distribution. the data that has been obtained is processed and analyzed so that it becomes the basis for discussion in the preparation of the report. the results of data processing are compared with various libraries, then the research results are compiled. descriptive methods and quantitative methods were used to analyze the data. descriptive method aims to describe the nature of a situation when the research is conducted and examine the causes of a certain condition. quantitative method is a calculation method used to state conclusions that are proven by numbers. economic order quantity (eoq) is the number of orders that can minimize the total cost of inventory (tersine, 1994). 3. results and discussion 3.1 rice availability at bulog public company in lhokseumawe the availability of rice at the bulog public company in lhokseumawe city was obtained from several parties, including from domestic farmers, especially farmers in lhokseumawe city and generally aceh and from the aceh regional bulog public company. rice inventory management at the bulog public company of lhokseumawe city begins with the flow of rice procurement, rice supply, rice quality maintenance and rice distribution. the flow of rice procurement begins with the bulog public company headquarters providing procurement targets to the regional division (divre)/regional sub-division (subdivre). the divre/subdivre contracts through 3 channels, namely the unhulled and rice processing business unit (ub-pgb), work partners, and the task force (satgas). the three channels deliver the rice to the designated warehouse, according to the agreed amount. procurement of rice comes from domestic procurement, milled grain products, reprocessed / rebaging results, regional moves in, national moves in, foreign procurement, returns, cancellation of delivery orders (do), and corrections. expenditures include distribution of batches (golang) based on logistical orders (prinlog), distribution of golang outside the prinlog, distribution of raskin, government rice reserves, milled grain, reprocessing/rebaging, regional move out, national move out, loss/shortage/destruction, loss of savings. , downgrade, and correction. the distribution of golang based on the prinlog is distribution to the tni, polri, and the ministry of social affairs in accordance with a logistics order from the center. agripreneur: journal of agribusiness agriculture issn 2302-9625  salsabila akmali-analysis of eoq (economic order quantity) rice availability at bulog public company in lhokseumawe city 19 1. rice needs at bulog public company in lhokseumawe table 1. rice needs based on rice distribution. no year annual rice needs (tons) 1 2016 20,940,273 2 2017 19,216,123 3 2018 13,146,914 4 2019 4,894,633 5 2020 4,868,579 amount 63,066,522 in table 1 rice needs based on rice distribution above shows that the distribution of rice by the public company bulog lhokseumawe in 2016 was 20,940,273 tons, in 2017 as many as 19,216,123 tons, in 2018 as many as 13,146,914 tons, in 2019 as many as 4,894, 633 tons and in 2020 as many as 4,868,579 tons. 2. rice procurement at bulog public company in lhokseumawe the procurement of rice at the bulog public company in lhokseumawe city is carried out according to the regulation of the minister of trade of the republic of indonesia no. 24 of 2020 determination of the government purchase price for unhulled or rice that to maintain food availability and food price stability, especially for the staple food type of rice, the government establishes a policy of grain procurement or rice through the management of the government's food reserves and in article 5 the policy for the procurement of government grain or rice as regulated in this ministerial regulation is implemented by the bulog public company. the regional office of the bulog general company of aceh province stated that domestic rice procurement in the province reached 68 percent or 8,547 tons of rice equivalent, which is targeted to reach 12,600 tons in 2021. 3. rice ordering fee at bulog public company in lhokseumawe city (s) table 2 cost of ordering rice at bulog public company in lhokseumawe city (s) no year ordering fee (rp) 1 2016 80,658,240 2 2017 62,578,308 3 2018 123,846.385 4 2019 25,210,764 5 2020 62,175,600 in table 2 the cost of ordering rice at the bulog public company in lhokseumawe city above shows that the cost of ordering rice at the lhokseumawe bulog public company in 2016 was rp.80,658,240, in 2017 it was rp.62,578,308, in 2018 it was rp.123,846 .385, in 2019 it was rp.25,210,764 and in 2020 it was rp.62,175,600.  issn 2302-9625 agripreneur, vol.9, no. june 1, 2020: pp 16-22 20 4. rice storage cost at bulog public company in lhokseumawe city (h) table 3. rice storage costs at bulog public company in lhokseumawe city (h) no year storage fee (rp) 1 2016 104,037,440 2 2017 80,716,948 3 2018 158.010.905 4 2019 32,024,484 5 2020 78,755,760 in table 3 the cost of storing rice at the bulog public company in lhokseumawe city above shows that the cost of storing rice at the lhokseumawe bulog public company in 2016 was rp.104,037,440, in 2017 it was rp.80,716,948, in 2018 it was rp.158.010 .905, in 2019 it was rp.32,024,484 and in 2020 it was rp.78,755,760. 5. rice demand for bulog public company in lhokseumawe city (d) table 4. rice demand at bulog public company in lhokseumawe city (d) no year demand (tons) 1 2016 20,940,273 2 2017 19,216,123 3 2018 13,146,914 4 2019 4,894,633 5 2020 4,868,579 in table 4, rice demand for bulog public companies in lhokseumawe city above shows that rice demand for lhokseumawe bulog public companies in 2016 was 20,940,273 tons, in 2017 19,216,123 tons, in 2018 as many as 13,146,914 tons, in 2019 as many as 4,894,633 tons and in 2020 as many as 4,868,579 tons. 3.2 economic order quantity (eoq) table 5. ordering rice with economic order quantity (eoq) method no year eoq (tons) 1 2016 180,19 2 2017 172.61 3 2018 143.55 4 2019 87.78 5 2020 144.07 in table 5 ordering rice with the economic order quantity (eoq) method at the bulog public company in lhokseumawe city above shows that the eoq value per message in 2016 was 180.19 tons, in 2017 was 172.61 tons, in 2018 was 143, 55 tons, in 2019 it was 87.78 tons and in 2020 it was 144.07 tons. agripreneur: journal of agribusiness agriculture issn 2302-9625  salsabila akmali-analysis of eoq (economic order quantity) rice availability at bulog public company in lhokseumawe city 21 3.3 total inventory cost (tic) of rice eoq metode method table 6. total inventory cost (tic) of rice eoq metode method no year tic (rp) 1 2016 18,746,547,227.2 2 2017 13,932,920,445.1 3 2018 22,683,606,602.5 4 2019 2,811,312,604,8 5 2020 7,774,280,496.7 in table 6 the total cost of rice inventory of the eoq method at the bulog public company in lhokseumawe city above shows that the total cost of the eoq model of rice inventory in 2016 was rp. 18,746,547,227,2, in 2017 it was rp. 13,932,920,445,1 year 2018 is rp.22,683,606,602.5, in 2019 it is rp.2,811,312,604,8 and in 2020 it is rp.7,774,280,496.7. 3.4 safety stock (ss) safety stock is an additional inventory that is needed to maintain production continuity from the possibility of a shortage of raw materials. procurement of rescue supplies is intended to reduce losses arising from the occurrence of stock outs, but at the same time efforts are made to keep storage costs as low as possible. table 7. safety stock table for 2016 2020 year request() ️ () () 2016 20,940,273 1,745.02 19,195.25 368,457,622.56 2017 19,216,123 1,601.34 17,614.78 310,280,580,13 2018 13,146,914 1,095.57 12,051.34 145,234,892.20 2019 4,894,633 407,88 4,486.75 20,130,952.56 2020 4,868,579 405.71 4,462.86 19,917,199.71 total 63,066,522 table 7 safety stock from 2016 to 2020 above shows that the safety stock in 2016 was 9,549.37 tons, in 2017 was 8,763.23 tons, in 2018 was 5,995.45 tons, in 2019 was 2,232.12 tons, 2020 is 2,220.24 tons. 4. conclusion the implementation of rice ordering at the lhokseumawe bulog public company has not been carried out properly, this can be seen from the failure to achieve the target in 2016, 2017 and 2019, and only in 2018 and 2020 the target according to the eoq method was achieved. based on the comparison of procurement targets and procurement realization, it is known that management performance is not going well, this can be seen from the discrepancy between the comparison of procurement targets and procurement realization. this can lead to a shortage of rice for the community and also the price of rice to become unstable.  issn 2302-9625 agripreneur, vol.9, no. june 1, 2020: pp 16-22 22 reference arief. 2012. pengaruh harga dan lokasi terhadap keputusan pembelian beras. yogyakarta. universitas muhammadiyah yogyakarta. assauri, sofyan. 2004. manajemen produksi. jakarta. lembaga penerbitan fe u.i bernad w, taylor 2006. operations management: quality and competitiveness in a global environment, edisi kelima. new york. john willey and sons inc. garrison, ray h. 1997. akuntansi manajemen : konsep untuk perencanaan, pengendalian dan pengambilan keputusan. bandung. itb. hanani, nuhfil. 2012. strategi pencapaian ketahanan pangan keluarga, perhimpunan ekonomi pertanian indonesia. bogor handoko, t hani. 2000. dasar-dasar manajemen produksi dan operasi, edisi 1. yogyakarta. bppe heizer j. dan render b. 2001. prinsip-prinsip manajemen operasi. terjemahan. pt.gramedia: jakarta. peraturan menteri perdagangan republik indonesia nomor 19/mdag/per/3/2014 tentang ketentuan ekspor dan impor beras. menteri perdagangan republik idonesia. 2014. jakarta. peraturan presiden perpres nomor 48 tahun 2016 tentang penugasan kepada perusahaan umum (perum) bulog dalam rangka ketahanan pangan nasional. 2016. jakarta. ijece agripreneur,9 (1) (2020) pp. 01-07 journal homepage:www.iocscience.org/ejournal/index.php/agripreneur published by:iocscience agripreneur : journal of agribusiness agriculture journal homepage:www.iocscience.org/ejournal/index.php/agripreneur performance evaluation of agricultural extension (case study: tanjung morawa district, deli serdang regency) raman nuzul agribusiness study program faculty of agriculture, university of north sumatra, medan 20155, indonesia ramanuzul@gmail.com abstract the purpose of this study is to analyze the performance of agricultural extension in tanjung morawa district, deli serdang regency. the determination of the research area was carried out purposively, namely the research area was chosen intentionally with the consideration that the research area was a sub-district on the outskirts of kota medan, whose livelihoods were still based on the agricultural sector. determination of the sample was carried out by using the census technique, namely the determination technique carried out by obtaining data from all heads of farmer groups in tanjung mowara. the number of research samples was 20 people. the analysis method used is the cipp (context, input, process, product) evaluation model combined with the scoring method by asking questions to the research sample. the results showed that 4 indicators of performance achievement, namely context, input, process and product, indicated the percentage of achievement with an average of 95.66% and a value of 51.6. from these data it can be interpreted that the performance of agricultural extension in tanjung morawa district, deli serdang regency is classified in the good category. keywords: evaluation, performance, extension, cipp. 1. introduction agricultural extension as part of the agricultural development system has a very strategic position in agricultural development. agricultural extension is an effort to build community capacity through a farmer learning process by applying the principles of agricultural extension properly and properly supported by other agricultural development activities. agricultural extension activities are a continuous process to convey useful information and technology to farmers and their families. this activity is attempted so as not to create dependence between farmers and extension workers but to create farmers' independence in developing their farmer groups. in addition to agricultural extension, the success of agricultural development is largely determined by the capacity of agricultural human resources as development actors, especially farmers. as development actors, farmers are expected to have knowledge and skills in managing farming businesses (ministry of agriculture, 2008). agricultural extension has two goals to be achieved, namely: long-term goals and short-term goals. the short-term goal is to foster changes that are more focused on farming, which include: changes in the knowledge, skills, attitudes and actions of their family farmers through increasing knowledge, skills and attitudes. by changing the behavior of farmers and their families, it is hoped that they can manage their farms productively, effectively and efficiently (zakaria, 2006). mailto:ramannuz@gmail.com  issn 2302-9625 agripreneur, vol.9, no. june 1 2020: pp 01-07 2 an extension worker assists farmers in their efforts to increase production and the quality of their produce in order to improve their welfare. extension agents act as reform agents who help farmers identify the problems they face and find the solutions needed (suhardiyono, 1992). agricultural extension activities involve two active groups. on the one hand is the extension group and the second is the counseling group. extension workers are groups that are expected to be able to bring the goals of agricultural extension to the goals that have been outlined. meanwhile, those who were taught were groups who were expected to be able to receive agricultural extension packages (sastraatmadja, 1993). evaluation, from its inception to the present, continues to develop. evaluation is a new term in scientific studies that has developed into its own scientific discipline. nevertheless, the field of evaluation studies has provided many benefits and contributions in providing information and data, especially regarding the implementation of a particular program which in turn will produce recommendations and be used by the program implementers to determine whether the program is discontinued, continued, or improved. even better. and now, evaluation has developed into a new trend as a new discipline and is often used by almost all fields in a particular program such as evaluating a training program in a company, in its implementation, it turns out that evaluations can differ from one another, this depends on the intent and purpose of the evaluation being carried out. for example, evaluation of learning programs will not be the same as evaluating employee performance. evaluation of learning programs is carried out with the master to see how far the learning outcomes have been achieved optimally in accordance with the targets and objectives of the learning itself. meanwhile, employee performance evaluation is carried out with the aim of seeing the quality, loyalty, or work motivation of employees, so that it will determine production results. with these differences, several evaluation models were born that can be considered by evaluators in conducting evaluations. of the several existing evaluation models, the author will only discuss the cipp evaluation model (context, input, process, organizational performance is questioning whether the goals or mission of an organization are in accordance with the reality of existing economic, political and cultural conditions or factors, whether the structure and policies support the desired performance, whether it has leadership, capital and infrastructure in achieving its mission, whether the policies, culture and its incentive system supports the achievement of desired performance, and whether the organization creates and maintains selection and training policies, and resources (keban, 2004). agripreneur: journal of agribusiness agriculture issn 2302-9625  raman nuzul-evaluation of agricultural extension performance (case study: tanjung morawa district, deli serdang regency) 3 2. research methods this research was conducted in tanjung morawa district, deli serdang regency, north sumatra province. the villages that became the research locations were villages where some of the population still carried out farming activities and were still the target villages of agricultural extension. in each village, one farmer group was assigned which the extension worker assessed as the most active farmer group based on the assessment of the farmer group's ability class. the population in this study were all the heads of the farmer groups who had the highest ability class of farmer groups in agricultural villages in tanjung morawa district. all the heads of the farmer groups were sampled using the census method. data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data primer dan data sekunder. metode pengumpulan data primer dengan menggunakan wawancara. wawancara yang dilakukan adalah wawancara terstruktur, karena peneliti atau pengumpul data sudah mengetahui informasi seperti apa yang ingin diperoleh. selain itu, wawancara juga menggunakan alat pandu berupa kuesioner yang telah dipersiapkan. to evaluate the identification of the problem, it was analyzed using the cipp evaluation model combined with the scoring method by asking questions to the research sample. with the cipp evaluation model (context, input, process, product) questions will be asked. the question was only given to the head of the farmer group because the head of the farmer group will conduct an assessment of the performance of agricultural extension in tanjung morawa district, deli serdang regency. each model has assessment indicators followed by criteria based on the theory built. each answer from the sample is given a score based on the scoring on the performance of agricultural extension. 3. results and discussion 3.1 agricultural extension performance in tanjung morawa district the success of agricultural extension in tanjung morawa district in carrying out its main functions can be seen from the results of research on 20 samples where the samples were taken from each village which is an agricultural area. table 1. assessment of the context components of agricultural extension performance in tanjung morawa district, deli serdang regency no performance indicator average total score 1 extension programs are structured based on farmers' needs 2.95 2 program counseling made for upgradefarm productivity. 2.95 3 program to increase the competence and professionalism of agricultural extension workers and farmers 2.95 4 program aim grow farmer whichinnovative 2.85 total average total score 11.7  issn 2302-9625 agripreneur, vol.9, no. june 1 2020: pp 01-07 4 from table 1, it can be seen that the agricultural extension performance indicator based on the context component obtained the expected value in the range of 4-12 and the average total score of 11.7. where indicators 1-3 have the same average score of 2.95 and performance indicator no 4 has the lowest average score with a score of 2.85. table 2. assessment of the input components of agricultural extension performance in tanjung morawa district, deli serdang regency. no performance indicator average total score 1 mutual trust between extension workers and farmers 2.9 2 participation and support of farmers in extension programs 3 3 reliable human resources 2.95 4 the time and place are agreed between the extension worker and the farmer 2.95 5 synchronization between institutions related to extension in the research area 2.75 total average total score 14.55 from table 2, it can be seen that the agricultural extension performance indicator based on the input component obtained the expected value in the range of 5-15 and the average total score of 14.55. where the indicator with the highest average total score is indicator 2 with a value of 3 and the performance indicator with the lowest average total score is indicator 5 with a value of 2.75. table 3. assessment of agricultural extension performance process components, tanjung morawa district, deli serdang regency. no performance indicator average total score 1 implementation of outreach programs in accordance with farmer needs 2.95 2 application of counseling methods according to needs farmer 2.85 3 there is a process for providing and disseminating information and innovation in the implementation of agricultural extension 2.9 4 ongoing process empowerment and strengthening farmer institutions 2.8 total average total score 11.5 from table 3, it can be seen that the agricultural extension performance indicator based on the process component obtained the expected value in the range of 4-12 and the average total score obtained was 11.5. the highest average total score is indicator 1 with a value of 2.95 and the performance indicator with the lowest average total score is indicator 4 with a value of 2.8. agripreneur: journal of agribusiness agriculture issn 2302-9625  raman nuzul-evaluation of agricultural extension performance (case study: tanjung morawa district, deli serdang regency) 5 table 4. assessment of product components of agricultural extension performance in tanjung morawa district, deli serdang regency. no performance indicator average total score 1 the impact of increasing production after the extension program takes place. 3 2 impact of changes in the ability of farmers' adoption rate 2.4 3 the impact of increasing farmers' income after the extension program 3 4 farmer satisfied to program counseling agriculture 2.8 5 the more strong synergy between institution counseling in the research area 2.7 total average total score 13.9 from table 4, it can be seen that the agricultural extension performance indicator based on the product component obtained the expected value in the range of 5-15 and the average total score of 13.9. where the indicator with the highest average total score is indicator 1 and 3 with a value of 3 and the performance indicator with the lowest average total score is indicator 2 with a value of 2.4. 3.2 agricultural extension performance achievements in tanjung morawa district the cipp model is a model that is oriented to decision makers. this model divides evaluation into four types, namely: context evaluation (serving planning decisions), input evaluation (to help manage decisions to determine available sources, alternatives taken, and work procedures to achieve the intended goals), process evaluation (assisting decisions on the extent to which the program has been implemented), product evaluation (ie reviewing decisions). the four types of cipp evaluations (context, input, process, product) can be visualized into the assessment aspects of the extension program implementation in tanjung morawa district in table 5 below. table 5. performance achievement of agricultural extension context components in tanjung morawa district deli serdang regency no performance indicator % achievement 1 program counseling arranged based on farmer needs 24.58 2 extension programs are made to increase farm productivity. 24.58 3 program enhancement competence and the professionalism of agricultural extension workers and farmers 24.58 4 the program aims to grow innovative farmers 23.75 % whole 97.5%  issn 2302-9625 agripreneur, vol.9, no. june 1 2020: pp 01-07 6 from table 5, it can be seen that the achievement of agricultural extension performance based on the context component, the highest percentage value of achievement is indicators 1-3 with a value obtained of 24.58% and the lowest percentage value is indicator 4 with a value obtained of 23.74% and the overall percentage value of the context component is 97.5%. so it can be seen that the performance of agricultural extension on the context component can be improved by 2.5% (the remainder of 97.5%) in order to achieve optimal results. table 6. performance achievement of agricultural extension input components in tanjung morawa district deli serdang regency. no performance indicator % achievement 1 mutual trust between extension workers and farmers 19.33 2 participation and support of farmers in extension programs 20 3 reliable human resources 19.66 4 the time and place are agreed between the extension worker and the farmer 19.66 5 synchronization between institutions related to extension in the research area 18.33 % whole 97% from table 6, it can be seen that the agricultural extension performance achievement based on the input component obtained the highest achievement percentage value is indicator 2 with a value obtained of 20% and the lowest achievement percentage value is indicator 4 with a value obtained of 18.33% and the percentage value of the overall context component is 97%. then it can be seen that the performance of agricultural extension on the input component can be increased by 3% (the rest of 97%) in order to achieve optimal results. 4. conclusion agricultural extension performance in tanjung morawa district, deli serdang regency is classified in the good category, with a score of 51.6 with a percentage of 95.66% performance achievement. reference departemen pertanian. (2002). kebijksanaan nasional penyelenggaraan penyuluhan pertanian. jakarta: departemen pertanian departemen pertanian. 2008. impor beras per negara asal. www.deptan.go.id. 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soedijanto. 2004. menata kembali penyuluhan pertanian di era pembangunan agribisnis. departemen pertanian. jakarta suhardiyono, l., 1992. penyuluhan petunjuk bagi penyuluh pertanian. erlangga, jakarta. sulistyo, basuki, 2009. pengantar ilmu perpustakaan, jakarta: universitas terbuka. supriaman. 2003. analisis usaha tani. penerbit universitas indonesia (ui-pres). supriaman. 2003. petani kecil, potensi dan tantangan pembangunan. pt. ganesia : jakarta wibowo (2012). manajemen kinerja. jakarta: raja grafindo persada. zakaria, 2006. modul dasar-dasar penyuluhan pertanian. pusat manajemen pelatihan sumberdaya manusia pertanan, ciawi. bogor. agripreneur, 11 (1) (2022) pp. 12-17 journal homepage: www.iocscience.org/ejournal/index.php/agripreneur published by: iocscience agripreneur : jurnal pertanian agribisnis journal homepage: www.iocscience.org/ejournal/index.php/agripreneur journal homepage: www.iocscience.org/ejournal/index.php/agripreneur analysis of production risk and income of sweet corn farming in campagaya village, galesong district, takalar tri pujiono, muh. arifin fattah and sahlan program studi agribisnis, fakultas pertanian,universitas muhamadiyah makassar email: tripujiono23@gmail.com abstract sweet corn is a palawiji commodity that is much liked by the public. this commodity is a vegetable that can be used in a variety of foods. the many benefits of sweet corn in people's lives have resulted in the high demand for sweet corn for the community and the market opportunities are always wide open. the high demand for sweet corn from the wider community indicates that sweet corn productivity must be increased. one of the ways to increase productivity in terms of income can be done by calculating the production risk and income in sweet corn farming. this study aims to determine the risks that occur in the production and how much income sweet corn farming is. the method used is a population census of sweet corn farmers as many as 26 people, then a 100% sample is taken so that the sample is 26 people. meanwhile, for production data analysis using coefficient of variation analysis and for sweet corn farming income using incom e analysis. the results of the study aimed at analyzing the production risk and income of sweet corn farming. analysis of the risk of sweet corn production from the coefficient of variation (cv) of 0.017, meaning that sweet corn production has a low risk, while sweet corn farming income is rp. 1,707.181. keywords: production risk and sweet corn farming income 1. introduction corn is a cereal that has strategic and economic value and has the opportunity to be developed because of its position as the main source of carbohydrates and protein after rice as well as a source of feed (purwanto, 2008). efforts to increase corn production are still facing various problems so that domestic corn production has not been able to meet national needs (soerjandono, 2008). one of the causes of low maize yields is the presence of weeds on the maize crop. the effects of weeds on plants can be direct, competing for nutrients, water, light and growing space. weeds left uncontrolled on corn can reduce yields by 20-80% (bilman, 2011). purba (2011) suggested that yield losses due to weeds averaged 10% (15% in the tropics) and common weeds reduced yields to 31% in maize. weed control using herbicides is in great demand by farmers, especially for large agricultural land. the use of herbicides is sought so as not to have a negative effect on cultivated plants, because of that, efforts are made to find compounds that are selective and in the right way and application (sukman and yakub, 1995). in agricultural areas where labor is very limited, farmers generally tend to use herbicides as a weed control tool, but herbicides also often cause harm to farmers because they can cause death not only for weeds but also for cultivated plants. to overcome the death of corn plants, herbicide tolerant corn has been produced using recombinant dna techniques. this study aims to prove the resistance of the corn to the active ingredient glyphosate contained in the herbicide and to see whether the application of this herbicide affects the growth and yield of genetically engineered maize (gm) is 100 ml for herbicide and 1000 ml for water, electric oven. , analytical scales, raffia string, tape measure, brown envelope, treatment board, camera, stationery, hoe, and leaf area meter. 13 jurnal pertanian agribisnis issn 2302-9625 (print)  tri pujionoanalysis of production risk and income of sweet corn farming in campagaya village, galesong district, takalar 2. methods this research was conducted in campagaya village, galesong district, takalar regency. the selection of the location was determined intentionally (purvosipe) because it was in accordance with the place of community service and in campagaya village, galesong district, takalar regency. the data to be taken in this research is sourced from primary data and secondary data. primary data, is data obtained through direct interviews with sweet corn farmers. secondary data is data obtained from the literature, both from books, journals and from the results of previous studies which are used as complementary or supporting data in research. in addition, secondary data can also be obtained from various government agencies that are related to the research. the sample selection method used in this research is census research. census research is a study that takes a population group as a whole and uses a structured questionnaire as the main data collection tool to obtain specific information (usman & akbar, 2008). 2.1 data analysis method data analysis conducted in this study consisted of qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis. qualitative analysis was carried out through a descriptive approach. while quantitative analysis consists of risk analysis by calculating standard deviation, coefficient of variation (standard variation), lower limit value, production, price and income. this method is used, among others, by ihsanudin (2010) regarding the risks of tobacco farming in magelang regency, lamusa (2010) analyzing the risk of household lowland rice farming in the impenso area of central sulawesi province, arifin (2013) analyzing the risk of production and income of land ownership in the central area. rice production in pinrang regency, heriani et al (2013) examined the analysis of the benefits and risks of tomato farming in sumberejo district, tanggamus regency, and imelda (2012) researched on business risk analysis in catching mangrove crabs in sungai kunyit district, pontianak regency. 2.2 analysis of production risk and sweet corn farming income to find out the amount of production and selling price, direct interviews with mansi corn farmers were conducted. to find out income, it is calculated by calculation steps according to soekartawi (1995). risk assessment can be done by measuring the value of deviations that occur. according kadarsan (1995), to analyze business risk can be done by using the steps to calculate the expected results (cv). in measuring risk systematically, the measures of variance (variance) and standard deviation (standard deviation) are used. the risk coefficient is a comparison between the risk that must be borne by the farmer and the profit that will be obtained as a result of the amount of capital invested in the production process. this shows that the greater the value of the risk coefficient, the greater will be borne by the shrimp farmers. the relationship between the lower limit of the highest yield (cv) and the coefficient of variation (cv), namely: if cv > 0.5, it means that the risk is greater for farmers. if cv < 0.5, it means that farmers always profit or break even 14  issn 2302-9625 (print) agripreneur, vol. 11, no. 1 june 2022: pp 12-17 3. results and discussion this research was conducted to find out how much production risk and how much sweet corn farming income can be seen from several tables. 3.1 fixed cost fixed costs for sweet corn farming in the research area are equipment depreciation costs and land tax costs. the average use of fixed costs in sweet corn farming can be seen in table 1 below: table 1. average total fixed costs in sweet corn farming uraian total biaya tetap (rp) rata-rata biaya tetap (rp) a)pajak lahan 539.000 20.731 b)npa 8.715.489 335.211 jumlah 9.254.489 355.942 this depreciation cost is calculated in depreciation cost per year based on the calculation of the purchase price and divided by the economic age, so that the size of the average depreciation cost that must be incurred by sweet corn farmers depends on the size. from the calculation results, the average total depreciation cost of the equipment is rp. 335,211/year. this is due to the production time per year. sweet corn farmers are required to pay taxes for the land used as a sweet corn farming place. the basis for calculating tax for each year is the ratio of land area multiplied by the annual tax rate per hectare. in the study area, the annual tax fee is idr 539,000. from the data in table 1, it shows that the average tax expense incurred each season is the same, which is rp. 20,731/year. this is because there is no increase in farmers' land area used by sweet corn farmers. 3.2 variable cost variable costs are costs incurred in conducting business and variable costs are costs that can vary every year and are uncertain and to see variable costs can be presented from the table as follows the average variable costs can be seen in table 2 below: table 2. average total variable costs in sweet corn farming uraian total biaya variabel (rp) rata-rata biaya variabel (rp) benih 5.505.000 211.731 pupuk 10.992.800 422.800 pestisida 4.570.000 175.769 tenaga kerja dalam keluarga 8.540.000 328.462 tenaga kerja luar keluarga 5.560.000 213.846 karung 411.000 15.808 jumlah 35.578.800 1.368.415 this variable cost is the cost incurred per season and during mansi corn farming activities. variable costs incurred annually and the average total cost per year is rp. 1.368.415/year. the largest variable cost incurred is the cost of fertilizer. the average 15 jurnal pertanian agribisnis issn 2302-9625 (print)  tri pujionoanalysis of production risk and income of sweet corn farming in campagaya village, galesong district, takalar cost is rp. 422,800. the high cost of fertilizer is because fertilizer is one of the methods of farming production and maximizing crop yields. 3.3 total cost total costs are all costs incurred in shrimp pond cultivation, namely the sum of total fixed costs and total variable costs. details of the average total costs are shown in table 3. table 3. average total cost of sweet corn farming uraian total biaya (rp) rata-rata total biaya (rp) biaya variabel 35.578.800 1.368.415 biaya tetap 9.254.490 355.942 jumlah 44.833.290 1.724.357 from the sum of fixed costs and variable costs, the average total costs incurred each season period are rp. 1,724,357 while the total costs incurred are rp. 44,833,290. the total costs incurred in sweet corn farming sometimes change because prices are not fixed or change so we cannot set fixed costs every season. 3.4 production and revenue of sweet corn farming details on the average production and income of sweet corn farming in the study area are presented in table 4 below. table 4. average production and beneficiaries in sweet corn farming uraian total (kg) (rp) rata-rata total (kg) (rp) produksi 76.700 2.950 penerima 89.220.000 3.431.538 jumlah 89.296.700 3.434.488 based on the table above, sweet corn farming has a production of 76,700 kg while the average production is 2,950 kg and the higher the production, the greater the recipients of sweet corn farming and sweet corn farming recipients have rp 89,296,700 while for the average corn farmer recipients mansi amounting to rp. 3,434,488 and the higher the recipients get the farmers and the more benefits the farmers receive. 3.5 income income is the result of farming recipients who can be deducted from the total revenue with the total costs incurred during the farming process which can be seen from table 5 below. table 5. average income in sweet corn farming uraian total (rp) rata-rata total (rp) penerima 89.220.000 3.431.538 biaya 44.833.290 1.724.357 jumlah 44.386.710 1.707.181 16  issn 2302-9625 (print) agripreneur, vol. 11, no. 1 june 2022: pp 12-17 based on table 5, it is known that sweet corn farming recipients are idr 89,220,000 while the average sweet corn farming revenue is idr 3,431,538 and the costs incurred by farmers are idr 44,833,290 and the average costs incurred by farmers are idr 1,724. 357. for sweet corn farming income, farmers get a profit of rp. 1,707,181. 3.6 production risk analysis risk analysis is very important for sweet corn farmers in making decisions before they start farming. the risk analysis approach is based on the results obtained by sweet corn farmers over a certain period. the data used to analyze the risk of sweet corn farmers is production data from the income of sweet corn farming during the harvest season. production risks that occur can be caused by production facilities, weather, pests and diseases, pests and diseases so that it can result in a decrease in yield of up to 65% and can even cause crop failure (cahyono, 2008). details of production risk analysis in sweet corn farming can be seen in table 6 below: table 6. risk analysis in sweet corn farming no uraian jumlah (kg) 1 rata-rata produksi (kg) 2.950 2 standar deviasi (kg) 51,64 3 koefisien variasi (cv) 0,017 based on table 6 above, it shows that the average production of sweet corn farmers is 2.950 kg/ha/year. from the production calculation, it can be seen that the standard deviation of sweet corn is 51.64 kg/ha/season. so that the coefficient of variation obtained is based on calculations by comparing the average production with a standard deviation of 0.017. the value of the coefficient of variation < from 0.5 (0.017<0.5). the results of the analysis show that the production risk of sweet corn farmers is classified as low risk. based on hertanto's (1999) theory, it states that if the coefficient of variation > 0.5 then the risk of farmer's farm production is getting bigger, while the value of the coefficient of variation < 0.5 then sweet corn farmers will always be profitable. 4. conclusions based on the results of research in campagaya village, the following conclusions can be drawn: 1. the risk faced by sweet corn farmers in campagaya village, galesong district, takalar regency is production risk. production risk is obtained from the coefficient of variation (cv) of 0.017, so farmers are getting more profit or break even. 2. the income of sweet corn farmers in campagaya village, galesong district, takalar regency, namely the average recipient of rp. 3,431,538 and the average total cost of rp. 1,724,357 recipients minus the total cost, the income of sweet corn farming is rp. 1,707,181 17 jurnal pertanian agribisnis issn 2302-9625 (print)  tri pujionoanalysis of production risk and income of sweet corn farming in campagaya village, galesong district, takalar references arifin. 2013. resiko produksi dan pendapatan kepemilikan lahan daerah sentra produksi padi di kabupaten pinrang. jurnal vegeta 7 (1) : 1-14. bilman, 2011. analisis pertumbuhan tanaman jagung (zea mays l.), pergeseran komposisi gulma pada beberapa jarak tanam. cahyono, b. 2008. tomat; usahatani dan penanganan pascapanen. kanisius.yogyakarta. heriani, dkk. 2013. analisis keuntungan dan resiko usahatani tomat di kecamatan sumberejo kabupaten tanggamus. jurnal iia. 1 (2) : 169-173. herntanto, f. 1999. ilmuusahatani. penebarswadaya. jakarta ihsanudin. 2010. resiko usahatani tembakau di kabupaten magelang. jurnal embryo. 7 (1) : 21-28. imelda. 2012. analisis resiko pada usaha penangkapan kepiting bakau di kecamatan sungai kunyit kabupaten pontianak. jurnal sosial ekonomi pertanian. 1 (1) : 75-95. kadarsan, h.w. 1995. keuangan pertanian dan pembiayaan perusahaan agribisnis. cetakan kedua. pt. gramedia pustaka utama. jakarta. lamusa a. 2010. resiko usahatani padi sawah rumah tangga di daerah impenso provinsi sulawesi tengah. jurnal agroland. 17(3):226-232. mubyarto. 1989. pengantar ekonomi pertanian. lp3es. jakarta. mulyadi. 2007. akuntansi biaya, edisi ke-5. yogyakarta: graha ilmu. purba, edison, 2011. intergrated weed management pada tanaman biotek resistenherbisida. makalah pada seminar lustrum xi fakultas pertanian bekerja sama dengan monsanto indonesia “tanaman transgenik hasil teknologi canggih rekayasa genetik untuk pemenuhan kebutuhan pangan dunia” pada tanggal 17 november 2011. faperta. universitas sumatera utara. medan purwanto, s., 2008. perkembangan produksi dan kebijakan dalam peningkatan produksi jagung. direktorat budi daya serealia, direktorat jenderal tanaman pangan. bogor. soekartawi. 1995. analisis usahatani. universitas indonesia (uipress). jakarta soerjandono, n. b. 2008. teknik produksi jagung anjuran di lokasi peima tani kabupaten sumenep. buletin teknik pertanian. sukman, y dan yakup. 1995. gulma dan teknik pengendaliannya. pt. raja grafindo persada. jakarta usman & akbar. 2008. pengantar statistika. jakarta: bumi aksara. ijece agripreneur, 9 (2) (2020) pp. 44-49 journal homepage: www.iocscience.org/ejournal/index.php/agripreneur published by: iocscience agripreneur : jurnal pertanian agribisnis journal homepage: www.iocscience.org/ejournal/index.php/agripreneur community behavior in the utilization of mangrove forest (case: belawan sicanang village, medan belawan district, medan city) lia kristin saragih agribusiness study program faculty of agriculture, university of north sumatra, medan 20155, indonesia liakristins@gmail.com abstract this study aims to analyze the behavior of the community in the use of mangrove forests, to determine the value of the community's wtp (willingness to pay) on the existence of mangrove forests, and to analyze the influence of community behavior on the willingness to pay (willingness to pay) of the community. determining the research area by purposive sampling and to take samples using the non-probability sampling method. in analyzing the data, the researcher used descriptive analysis and logistic regression methods. the results showed that the behavior of the community in sicanang village towards the existence of mangrove forests, in terms of the knowledge, attitudes, and actions of the people carried out was classified in the good category. the value of the community's wtp (willingness to pay) for the existence of mangrove forests varies in the range of rp. 2,000 – rp. 10,000, with the average value of wtp (willingness to pay) of the community of rp. 3,375. overall, the behavior of the community on the existence of mangrove forests has a significant effect on willingness to pay (willingness to pay), but partially the knowledge and attitudes of the community have no significant effect. keywords: knowledge, attitude, action, willingness to pay, mangrove forest 1. introduction mangrove is a place that moves because of the formation of mud and land that occurs continuously, so that it slowly turns into semi-land. various definitions of mangrove actually have the same meaning, namely tropical and sub-tropical forest formations that exist on low and calm, muddy beaches, and are influenced by the ebb and flow of sea water. mangrove forests are also a very important link in maintaining the balance of the biological cycle of a waters (arief, 2003). mangrove forests have many benefits, namely as a food source, as a carbon sink and storage, as a place for education and research, and as ecotourism. although it has many benefits, the mangrove forest ecosystem is very fragile and easily damaged. damage can be caused by direct mechanical action, such as felling, dismantling, and so on. damage is also an indirect result such as changes in water salinity, water pollution, due to erosion, oil pollution, and so on. currently, mangrove forests need special attention for their sustainability. forest destruction and looting in indonesia has reached 600,000 hectares per year and is continuously increasing in intensity (ridwan et al, 2005). continuous cutting of mangrove trees without replanting by the community will destroy the mangrove trees. if there is no longer mangrove forest, then the community can no longer get economic resources from mangrove trees. in addition, fishermen will also get less fishery products than the mangrove forest where mangrove trees are the habitat of marine animals. seawater abrasion will also occur so that public safety is threatened because the land is continuously eroded by seawater without any protection from the mangrove forest. mailto:liakristins@gmail.com agripreneur: jurnal pertanian agribisnis issn 2302-9625  lia kristin saragih community behavior in mangrove forest utilization (case: belawan sicanang village, medan belawan district, medan city) 45 behavior is a form of response or reaction to a stimulus and is very dependent on the characteristics or other factors of the person concerned, even though the stimulus is the same but the response of each person is different. human behavior is essentially an activity of the human himself which has a very wide range, including walking, working, including internal activities such as thinking, perception and emotion. behavior in the interest of the analytical framework can be said that all activities or activities carried out by humans, both those that can be observed directly or indirectly, are observed by outsiders (notoatmodjo 2007). musyafar (2009) said that the behavior of coastal communities is one of the factors that determine the preservation of mangrove forests. behavior is an action directed at other people or the environment. behavior is an intention that is realized in the form of real behavior, while behavioral control is determined by past experience and individual estimates of how difficult or easy it is to carry out an action. in this case, a person's behavior can be formed through getting used to or habits to behave as expected, but generally determined by intentions (intentions). knowledge is the result of knowing and this occurs after people have sensed a certain object. knowledge or cognitive is a very important domain for the formation of one's actions. according to notoatmodjo (2003) attitude is a reaction or response of someone who is still closed to a stimulus or object. attitude according to sunaryo (2004) is the tendency to act from individuals, in the form of closed responses to certain stimuli or objects. so attitude is a reaction or response that is still closed from someone to a stimulus or object. according to noorkasiani (2009), actions are caused by several factors such as predisposing factors, namely attitudes, values, motivation, and knowledge. an attitude is not necessarily automatically manifested in an action. according to hombing (2015), personal experience must give a strong impression to be the basis for forming attitudes. attitudes and knowledge can influence people's actions. willingness to pay is an individual's willingness to pay for an environmental condition or an assessment of natural resources and natural services in order to improve environmental quality. in wtp it is calculated how far the ability of each individual or community in aggregate to pay or spend money in order to improve environmental conditions to suit the desired conditions. wtp is the value of the potential use of natural resources and environmental services (hanley and spash, 1993). 2. research methods willingness to pay is an individual's willingness to pay for an environmental condition or an assessment of natural resources and natural services in order to improve environmental  issn 2302-9625 agripreneur, vol.9, no. desember 2, 2020: pp 44-49 46 quality. in wtp it is calculated how far the ability of each individual or community in aggregate to pay or spend money in order to improve environmental conditions to suit the desired conditions. wtp is the value of the potential use of natural resources and environmental services (hanley and spash, 1993). the research area was determined by purposive sampling (deliberate selection) with the consideration that the area is one of the areas that has a large area of mangrove forest and is close to the coast and the majority of the population utilizes mangrove forest as a support for their livelihoods. based on these considerations, sicanang village, medan belawan district, medan city, north sumatra province became the research location the data collected in this study are primary data and secondary data. primary data were obtained from direct interviews with parties related to this research or respondents with a list of questions that had been prepared regarding knowledge, attitudes, and actions in accordance with the objectives and needs of the research. while secondary data such as population data, data on the area of research, data on the area of mangroves, and other supporting data were obtained through the central statistics agency of medan city, forestry service of north sumatra province, sicanang village office. which is conducted. sampling used is non-probability sampling, with snowball sampling technique. this method was chosen because the number of population to be studied is not known with certainty. to test the first hypothesis about community behavior in the use of mangrove forests, descriptive analysis method was used. to see people's behavior, there are three parts to be analyzed, namely knowledge, attitudes, and actions. knowledge, attitudes, and actions were calculated using a likert scale. 3. results and discussion 3.1 community behavior in mangrove forest utilization a. behavior of the sicanang community the people in sicanang village are the majority of people who make a living as laborers, fishermen, and fish farmers. the community is also involved in several farmer groups such as pokdarwis (tourism awareness group), kopling (environmental group), community forest group, pokmas, lestari, tunas jaya, tunas baru, and others that support mangrove forest conservation activities. the types of mangroves that are known to the community in sicanang village are: nipah, mangroves, fires, jeruju, and raw. there are several types of mangroves that can be processed into food or drink. like nipah into nipah water, fire fruit becomes lunkhead, and jeruju into onion cake and mash. thus, the behavior of the people in sicanang village is classified as good behavior. good behavior which means continuing to use mangrove forests for community needs while taking into account the environmental balance that must be maintained. b. knowledge the measurement of the level of community knowledge about mangrove forests in the research area can be seen in the following table. agripreneur: jurnal pertanian agribisnis issn 2302-9625  lia kristin saragih community behavior in mangrove forest utilization (case: belawan sicanang village, medan belawan district, medan city) 47 table 1. community knowledge about mangrove forest no category number(soul) percentage(%) 1 good 35 87.5 2 enough 5 12.5 3 not enough 0 0 total 40 100 based on the research results obtained in table 1, it shows that of the 40 people in belawan sicanang village, 35 people (87.5%) have good knowledge, 5 people (12.5%) have sufficient knowledge and no community has less knowledge about mangrove forest in belawan sicanang village. based on the total value of the entire community, an average value of 86.5 was obtained, it can be concluded that the average level of community knowledge about mangrove forests in belawan sicanang village is classified as good. c. attitude table 2. community attitudes about mangrove forest utilization. no. category number (soul) percentage (%) 1 good 26 65 2 enough 14 35 3 not enough 0 0 total 40 100 based on the results of the study obtained in table 2, it shows that of the 40 people in belawan sicanang village, 26 people (65%) have a good attitude, 14 people (35%) have a sufficient attitude and no community has a bad attitude about the use of mangrove forests. in belawan sicanang village. based on the total value of the entire community, an average value of 42.25 was obtained, it can be concluded that the average attitude of the community about the use of mangrove forests in belawan sicanang village is classified as good. d. action table 3. community actions regarding mangrove forest utilization no. category number (soul) percentage (%) 1 good 27 67.5 2 enough 12 30 3 not enough 1 2.5 total 40 100 based on the research results obtained in table 3, it shows that from 40 communities in belawan sicanang village, 27 people (67.5%) have good actions, 12 people (30%) have sufficient actions and 1 community (2.5%) has good actions. which is lacking about the use of mangrove forests in belawan sicanang village. based on the total value of the entire community, an average value of 42.4 was obtained, it can be concluded that the average community action regarding the use of mangrove forests in belawan sicanang village is  issn 2302-9625 agripreneur, vol.9, no. desember 2, 2020: pp 44-49 48 classified as good. e. environmental services natural resources provide two commodities that can be utilized by humans, namely: 1. in the form of goods which are extracted from nature, such as land biota (eg wood, rattan, herbal plants, etc.), aquatic biota (eg various types of fish, seaweed, etc.) and various mining materials (eg oil, gold, tin, etc.). 2. in the form of services, which are called environmental services, which are things that are not in the form of materials, are benefits obtained from non-extraction nature, such as hydrology, beautiful landscapes, coolness (o producers and carbon sinks), and others. environmental services are products of living natural resources and their ecosystems in the form of direct benefits (tangible) and/or indirect benefits (intangible). examples of environmental services are nature tourism services, water system protection services (hydrology), soil fertility, erosion and flood control, natural beauty and uniqueness, carbon sequestration and storage (carbon offset). in addition, environmental services are generated from various types of land use (forest or agriculture), as well as waters, both fresh water (rivers, lakes, swamps) and the sea. in the sicanang village, there are environmental services for nature tourism (ecotourism of the sicanang mangrove forest), fishing pond services, water system protection services (hydrology), erosion and flood control, carbon sequestration and storage, and so on. 3.2 the value of community willingness to pay for the existence of mangrove forests willingness to pay or willingness to pay is an individual's willingness to pay for environmental services or natural resources and natural services, in this case mangrove forests, in the form of good quality environmental conditions. willingness to pay or willingness to pay is a concept to assess environmental services with the aim of making the surrounding community more appreciative of the environment. the total sample as a whole is 40 people. as many as 23 people are willing to pay more for the existence of mangrove forests while the remaining 17 people are not willing to pay more for the existence of mangrove forests in sicanang village, medan belawan district, medan city. the value of the community's wtp varies widely. willingness to pay (wtp) which is calculated in this case is related to contributions for the preservation of mangrove forests in the research area. the possible fee rate to be withdrawn from individual beneficiaries of mangrove forest environmental services is rp. 2,000. based on the research results obtained, the average community willingness to pay fees for the preservation of mangrove forests in belawan sicanang village, medan belawan district, medan city is rp. 3,375/month. 4. conclusion the behavior of the community in sicanang village towards the existence of mangrove forests, in terms of the knowledge, attitudes, and actions of the community carried out is classified as good. the value of the community's wtp for the existence of mangrove forests varies in the range of rp. 2,000 – rp. 10,000, with the average value of the community's wtp (willingness to pay) of rp. 3,375. overall, the behavior of the community towards the agripreneur: jurnal pertanian agribisnis issn 2302-9625  lia kristin saragih community behavior in mangrove forest utilization (case: belawan sicanang village, medan belawan district, medan city) 49 existence of mangrove forests has a significant effect on willingness to pay (willingness to pay), but partially the knowledge and attitudes of the community have no significant effect. reference alfaqinisa, r. 2015. hubungan antara tingkat pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku orang tua tentang pneumonia dengan tingkat kekambuhan pneumonia pada balita di wilayah kerja puskesmas ngesrep kota semarang. skripsi. universitas negeri semarang. arief, a. 2003. hutan mangrove fungsi dan manfaatnya. yogyakarta: kanisius. arief, a. 2007. hutan mangrove fungsi dan manfaatnya. yogyakarta: kanisius. arifandi, f. 2018. collaborative governance dalam pengelolaan hutan mangrove taman nasional baluran situbondo. skripsi. universitas muhammadiyah malang. budiman dan riyanto. 2013. kapita selekta kuisioner: pengetahuan dan sikap dalam penelitian kesehatan. penerbit salemba medika. jakarta. dinas kehutanan provinsi sumatera utara. 2011. review peta sebaran potensi mangrove. balai pengelolaan hutan mangrove. medan. hanley, n., and c. l. spash. 1993. cost benefit analysis and the environment. edward elgar publishing limited. hants –england. hidayat, a. a. 2014. metode penelitian keperawatan dan teknis analisis data. jakarta: salemba medika. hombing, w. o. 2015. peningkatan pengetahuan, sikap, dan tindakan remaja laki-laki di smkn 4 kecamatan umbulharjo kota yogyakarta tentang antibiotika dengan metode cbia. skripsi. universitas sanata dharma yogyakarta. notoatmodjo, s. 2003. pendidikan dan perilaku kesehatan. rineka cipta. jakarta. notoatmodjo, s. 2007. promosi kesehatan dan ilmu perilaku. jakarta: rineka cipta. notoatmodjo, s. 2011. kesehatan masyarakat. jakarta: rineka cipta. rahim, s dan baderan, d. 2017. hutan mangrove dan pemanfaatannya. cv. budi utama. ridwan, t. dkk. 2005. pengelolaan hutan mangrove di kabupaten asahan. jurnal studi pembangunan, oktober 2005. santoso, n. 2000. pola pengawasan ekosistem mangrove. jakarta: makalah. saparinto, c. 2007. pendayagunaan ekosistem mangrove. semarang: dahara prize. siringoringo, y. n., yunasfi., desrita. 2017. struktur komunitas mangrove di hutan mangrove kelurahan belawan sicanang kecamatan medan. jurnal aquacoastmarine. ijece agripreneur, 9 (2) (2020) pp. 66-73 journal homepage: www.iocscience.org/ejournal/index.php/agripreneur published by: iocscience agripreneur : jurnal pertanian agribisnis journal homepage: www.iocscience.org/ejournal/index.php/agripreneur the role of agricultural information on the productivity of arabica coffee farmers (case: sait buttu saribu village, pematang sidamanik district, simalungun regency) septi wardanti agribusiness study program faculty of agriculture, university of north sumatra, medan 20155, indonesia septiwardanti@gmail.com abstract the purposes of this study is to determine the role of agricultural counselor on the productivity of arabica coffee farmers and to find out the obstacles faced by agricultural counselors in providing information concerning the productivity of arabica coffee farmers in sait buttu saribu village, pematang sidamanik district, kabupaten simalungun. the research location chosen deliberately with two considerations, where the desa sait buttu saribu is one of the centers for arabica coffee production and counselor activities. the method of determining the sample in this study used simple random sampling with the research sample were farmers who participated in counseling activities. data analysis was carried out by means of likert scale and descriptive analysis. the results showed that the role of agricultural counselor workers as dynamists and facilitators was in the category of important role, while the role of counselor workers as motivators was in the category of very important role and the constraints faced by agriculture counselor in extension activities were that farmers did not participate in counseling activities and there are inadequate facilities and infrastructure. keywords: the role of counselor workers, productivity, likert scale 1. introduction in indonesia, agricultural development is directed at increasing agricultural production in order to expand employment opportunities, increase exports and farmers' income, encourage equity and meet domestic food and industrial needs. however, the role of the agricultural sector may not necessarily be able to contribute to the largest gross regional domestic product (gdp) for some regions, but for some regions, agriculture provides the largest contribution to grdp. arabica coffee production in indonesia can decrease because arabica coffee plants can be easily attacked by pests and diseases, for example, leaf rust disease. the disease can attack arabica coffee plants in the lower plains. arabica coffee is coffee that has the highest market demand in the world reaching 85% (muzaifah, et al., 2016). in agricultural development there are still many obstacles caused by several factors. these obstacles make it difficult for farmers to develop, to overcome these obstacles, the government has formed an institution that can be called an agricultural extension. the extension worker is a facilitator who is able and can help the community so that the community is willing to participate in farming activities, provide support to farmers, people who are able to hear and understand the aspirations of farmers, and are able to provide facilities to farmers. counseling is very important to be given to rural communities because of the conditions and situations in rural areas that really require extension activities as a form of non-formal mailto:septiwardanti@gmail.com agripreneur: jurnal pertanian agribisnis issn 2302-9625  septi wardanti role of agricultural extension on arabica coffee farmer productivity (case: sait buttu saribu village, pematang sidamanik district, simalungun regency) 67 school. with the extension, it is hoped that it can increase the dignity of the farming family community. agricultural extension workers focus their eyes on people (communities) who are involved in life in agriculture. agricultural extension wants a change in people and communities who work in agriculture, so that they want to make changes in their way of thinking, working, attitude and way of life towards the welfare and progress of farmers. agricultural extension workers have a tough task in empowering farmers to increase productivity to the maximum but must still be carried out seriously. several programs and assistance have been provided and established to farmers to assist farmers in improving their farming progress. the ministry of agriculture also assists in issuing policies to increase productivity by replanting damaged crops, intensification, and rejuvenation of old and unproductive coffee plantations, increasing the people's business credit (kur) facility for coffee farmers. the ministry of agriculture is also trying to improve the quality for arabica coffee production. the purpose of agricultural extension workers is to produce competent human resources for agricultural development actors so that they are able to develop strong agricultural businesses, make farming more profitable (better businesses), live more prosperously, farm better (better farming) and the environment. healthier. human resources (hr) that need to be developed include the human resources of the agricultural community (agricultural entrepreneurs, agricultural traders and also farmer-fishermen), so that the capabilities and competencies of the agricultural community can be more advanced and increased because they are the ones who directly carry out all agricultural business activities on their farm land. sunandar (2019) states that the role of the instructor is as a dynamist, facilitator and motivator. puspadi (2010) states that productivity is a measure of how well a resource is utilized and managed to achieve the desired results. productivity is a ratio between output to resources used in managing an activity. if only certain factors are counted as inputs, it is called partial productivity, if in this ratio the inputs used to produce outputs are calculated entirely, it is called total productivity. in this case, the extension agent is expected to be a liaison in efforts to mobilize human resources as an increase in agricultural production and productivity as well as the basic capital for agricultural development. productivity essentially includes the attitude of farmers who have the view that the method of work carried out today must be better than the method of work carried out yesterday, and the results of agricultural products obtained tomorrow must be more or of better quality than the results achieved today. this. extension activities can help farmers in terms of increasing farm productivity carried out by farmers and farmers  issn 2302-9625 agripreneur, vol.9, no. desember 2, 2020: pp 66-73 68 are expected to understand how to cultivate and maintain their farms so that the expected productivity can be achieved. 2. research methods the research was conducted in sait buttu saribu village, pamatang sidamanik district, simalungun regency. the distance from the city of medan to the research location is ± 157.8 km. the total population, namely arabica coffee farmers who participated in extension activities or joined in farmer groups, was 265 people. the technique used in sampling is probability sampling, which is a sampling technique that provides equal opportunities/opportunities for each element or member of the population to be selected as sample members. the method of determining the sample used in this study is simple random sampling (done randomly) and the sample can be obtained using the slovin formula. identification of problem 1, analyzed using the likert scale method in the role of agricultural extension on the productivity of arabica coffee farmers with the resource persons being arabica coffee farmers and showing the level of approval measures such as: score 1 does not play a role, score 2 does not play a role, score 3 is neutral, score 4 plays a role, and a score of 5 is very important (wardah and setia, 2018). identification of problem 2, analyzed using descriptive method with a quantitative approach. tika (2005) suggests that descriptive research is more directed at revealing a problem as it is and revealing existing facts, although sometimes analysis is given. 3. results and discussion 3.1 the role of agricultural extension on the productivity of arabica coffee farmers a. the role of extension officers as dynamizers table 1 test the validity of extension officers as dynamizers (x1) items statement r count r table description x1.1 extension workers provide guidance to farmers to improve arabica coffee productivity 0.615 0.320 valid x1.2 extension workers conduct collaborations/meetings between arabica coffee farmer groups in extension activities 0.544 0.320 valid x1.3 extension workers make direct observations in the field after providing information about increasing the productivity of arabica coffee 0.599 0.320 valid x1.4 extension workers convey information about increasing productivity arabica coffee 0.674 0.320 valid x1.5 the instructor activates the role administrators and members of farmer groups 0.736 0.320 valid agripreneur: jurnal pertanian agribisnis issn 2302-9625  septi wardanti role of agricultural extension on arabica coffee farmer productivity (case: sait buttu saribu village, pematang sidamanik district, simalungun regency) 69 table 1 above shows that the calculated r value for each item is greater than the r table (0.320) so it can be concluded that all items tested using the pearson product moment test are declared valid, so that the level of validity of the measuring instrument used in this study is acceptable. or can be used to measure what it is supposed to measure. table 2. distribution of sample answers from extension officers as dynamizers (x1) items sts ts n s ss total average description x1.1 0 0 0 24 14 166 4.37 very important x1.2 0 0 1 29 8 159 4.18 important x1.3 0 0 2 21 15 165 4.34 very important x1.4 0 0 3 25 10 159 4.18 important x1.5 0 0 7 28 3 148 3.90 important average whole 4.13 important the results of this study agree with the research conducted by sidauruk, et al., in 2016 that agricultural extension workers play an important role as dynamist. b. role of extension as facilitator table 3. validity test of extension as facilitator (x2) items statement r count r table description x2.1 agricultural extension workers help farmers to obtain inputs (means of production) which is good for arabica coffee plants 0.605 0.320 valid x2.2 extension workers help farmers to get capital 0.692 0.320 valid x2.3 extension workers help farmers to establishing and developing farmer groups 0.380 0.320 valid x2.4 extension workers help farmers to market their coffee production arabica 0.676 0.320 valid x2.5 extension workers help farmers to cooperate with farmer groups other 0.550 0.320 valid x2.6 extension workers help farmers to take part in trainings held by government or private institutions for the development of coffee plants arabica 0.653 0.320 valid x2.7 extension workers assist farmer groups in collaborating with government agencies or the agricultural service in terms of providing seeds and fertilizers 0.601 0.320 valid  issn 2302-9625 agripreneur, vol.9, no. desember 2, 2020: pp 66-73 70 table 3 above shows that the calculated r value for each item is greater than the r table (0.320) so it can be concluded that all items tested using the pearson product moment test are declared valid, so the level of validity of the measuring instrument used in this study is acceptable. or can be used to measure what it is supposed to measure. table 4 distribution of sample answers from extension officers as facilitators (x2) items sts ts n s ss total average description x2.1 0 0 0 18 20 172 4.53 very important x2.2 3 17 18 0 0 91 2.40 not important x2.3 0 0 9 25 4 147 3.87 important x2.4 5 13 14 6 0 97 2.55 not important x2.5 0 0 2 20 16 166 4.37 very important x2.6 0 0 1 29 8 159 4.18 important x2.7 0 0 9 22 7 150 3.95 quite important average whole 3.69 important the results of this study agree with the research conducted by sidauruk, et al., in 2016 that agricultural extension workers play an important role as facilitator. c. the role of the counselor as a motivator table 5. test the validity of the instructor as a motivator (x3) items statement r count r table description x3.1 extension workers encourage farmers to take part in training held by extension workers/agricultural services on coffee plants arabica 0.654 0.320 valid x3.2 extension workers encourage farmers to increase coffee production arabica 0.417 0.320 valid x3.3 extension workers encourage farmers to take part in counseling about arabica coffee plant 0.568 0.320 valid x3.4 extension workers support farmers so that using arabica coffee seeds and quality fertilizers 0.521 0.320 valid x3.5 extension workers encourage farmers to stay with the group arabica coffee farmer 0.627 0.320 valid x3.6 extension workers support activities carried out by farmers, such as the use of fertilizers to increase productivity arabica coffee 0.621 0.320 valid agripreneur: jurnal pertanian agribisnis issn 2302-9625  septi wardanti role of agricultural extension on arabica coffee farmer productivity (case: sait buttu saribu village, pematang sidamanik district, simalungun regency) 71 x3.7 extension workers encourage farmers to want to use new technology 0.532 0.320 valid table 5 above shows that the calculated r value for each item is greater than the r table (0.320) so it can be concluded that all items tested using the pearson product moment test are declared valid, so that the level of validity of the measuring instrument used in this study is acceptable. or can be used to measure what it is supposed to measure. table 6. distribution of sample answers from extension officers as motivators (x3) items sts ts n s ss total average description x3.1 0 0 3 23 12 161 4.24 very important x3.2 0 0 2 27 9 159 4.18 important x3.3 0 0 2 22 14 164 4.32 very important x3.4 0 0 3 11 24 173 4.55 very important x3.5 0 0 4 6 28 176 4.63 very important x3.6 0 0 4 23 11 159 4.18 important x3.7 0 0 5 22 11 158 4.16 important overall average 4.32 very important the results of this study agree with the research conducted by padmaswari, et al., in 2018 that agricultural extension workers play a very important role as motivator. 3.2 constraints faced by extension officers in extension activities a. farmer participation from the results of interviews conducted with agricultural extension workers, it was found that the obstacles faced by extension workers were that farmers did not participate in extension activities where only 50%-70% of farmers attended. then in carrying out extension activities the time required is not certain because in accordance with the material presented by the extension worker, the farmer also wants concrete evidence of what has been conveyed by the agricultural instructor. extension activities are carried out at the farmer's house if the information presented is in the form of theories of knowledge and counseling is held in the farmer's garden if the material presented requires practice in its implementation. b. extension facilities and infrastructure facilities and infrastructure are one of the important things in outreach activities. if there are no facilities and infrastructure, extension activities can be hampered and not run as expected. based on the results of interviews conducted with extension workers in sait buttu saribu village, the obstacles faced are: o the road that is traversed has a lot of damage so that this becomes an obstacle for extension workers to carry out extension activities.\  issn 2302-9625 agripreneur, vol.9, no. desember 2, 2020: pp 66-73 72 o the production facilities that have been proposed by the extension agent to the agriculture office for the needs of farmers are not met in a timely manner. o the information delivery media used by extension workers for extension activities still use leaflets and brochures so that the extension process does not run smoothly. 4. conclusion the role of agricultural instructors as dynamists and facilitators is in the category of important role, while the role of extension workers as motivators is in the category of very important role. the obstacles faced by extension workers in extension activities are that farmers do not participate in extension activities and there are inadequate facilities and infrastructure. reference allen, h. f., mustopa, m. b., harniatun, i. 2015. kendala penyuluh dalam melaksanakan aktivitas penyuluhan pada usahatani kopi di kecamatan dempo utara kota pagar alam. jurnal societa vol 4 no. 2. arikunto, s. 2010. prosedur penelitian: suatu pendekatan praktek. jakarta: pt. rineka. astuti, i. w. 2015. peran penyuluh pertanian lapangan (ppl) dalam peningkatan produktivitas pertanian di desa batu timbau kecamatan batu ampar kabupaten kutai timur. jurnal ilmu pemerintahan vol 3 no 1. badan pusat statistik. 2017. provinsi sumatera utara dalam angka 2017. badan pusat statistik: sumatera utara. badan pusat statistik. 2020. kabupaten simalungun dalam angka 2020. badan pusat statistik: kabupaten simalungun. bahua, m. i. 2016. kinerja penyuluh pertanian. yogyakarta, cv. budi utama. dinas perkebunan. 2019. provinsi sumatera utara dalam angka 2019. dinas perkebunan: sumatera utara. direktorat jenderal perkebunan. 2019. statistik perkebunan indonesia 2018-2020. kopi. jakarta sekretariat direktorat jenderal pertanian. idrus, m. 2009. metode ilmu penelitian sosial pendekatan kualitatif dan institut pertanian bogor. jahi, dkk. 2006. kinerja penyuluh pertanian di beberapa kabupaten, provinsi jawa barat. jurnal penyuluhan. vol. 2 no mardikanto, t. 2009. sistem ekonomi dan peran penyuluh pertanian. sebelas maret. university press. surakarta. muzaifah m., anshar p., amhar a., faida r., dian h., ismail s. 2016. kopi luwak (produksi, mutu dan permasalahannya. syiah kuala university press. banda aceh. puspadi, k. 2010. ekonomi dan produksi pertanian. bumi aksara. jakarta. ramalia. 2011. efisiensi dan penggunaan faktor produksi untuk meningkatkan produktivitas. jurnal agribisnis vol 5 no. 1. agripreneur: jurnal pertanian agribisnis issn 2302-9625  septi wardanti role of agricultural extension on arabica coffee farmer productivity (case: sait buttu saribu village, pematang sidamanik district, simalungun regency) 73 rangkuti, k., mailina, h., wien, r. 2018. peran penyuluh pertanian dalam pengembangan kelompok tani tanaman kopi (caffea) (studi kasus: di desa jongok raya kec. bandar kab. bener meriah). journal of agribusiness science vol 1 no. 2. santoso, e. b. 2018. pengaruh modal usaha dan pengalaman kerja terhadap pendapatan petani kopi arabika desa sinaman kecamatan pamatang sidamanik kabupaten simalungun. universitas negeri medan, medan. sidauruk, h. f., eri, s., kausar. 2016. persepsi penyuluh dan petani terhadap pentingnya peran penyuluhan perkebunan kopi arabika di kecamatan purba, kabupaten simalungun, provinsi sumatera utara. jom faperta ur vol 3 no. 2. sunandar, a. 2019. peranan penyuluh pertanian dalam peningkatan kompetensi petani padi sawah (oryza sativa l.) (studi kasus: gapoktan sri rezeki, desa pasar baru, kecamatan teluk mengkudu, kabupaten serdang bedagai). universitas muhammadiyah sumatera utara. medan. ijece agripreneur, 9 (2) (2020) pp. 50-57 journal homepage: www.iocscience.org/ejournal/index.php/agripreneur published by: iocscience agripreneur : jurnal pertanian agribisnis journal homepage: www.iocscience.org/ejournal/index.php/agripreneur the effect of leadership style on employee performance in pure palm cooperative (case study: tenggulun village, aceh tamiang regency) indriani yunita syahri agribusiness study program faculty of agriculture, university of north sumatra, medan 20155, indonesia indrianiys@gmail.com abstract the purpose of this study was to describe employee performance, applied leadership style and to analyze the influence of leadership style on employee performance at koperasi sawit murni in tenggulun village, aceh tamiang regency. the analytical method used is descriptive analysis and multiple linear regression with spss tools. the results of the study concluded that the performance of the koperasi sawit murni employees was in a poor category, because the employee's performance in completing tasks and daily work was not in accordance with the expectations of the leadership, the leadership style applied by the leadership of pure palm oil cooperative was democratic. the regression results show that it shows that employee performance is significantly influenced by a free, democratic and authoritarian leadership style. keywords: leadership style, employee performance, cooperative 1. introduction the process of activities of a company or organization will definitely experience obstacles in achieving its goals. one of them is the management of human resources (hr). many companies or organizations have experienced setbacks and even failed to achieve their goals just because of hr management problems. one of the targets of hr management in the organization's management function is related to leadership issues. leadership is someone who is appointed through his ability to influence a group towards the achievement of a goal. the way and pattern of behavior of the leader is defined by the subordinates who work with him as a leadership style. performance is the appearance of the work of personnel both quantity and quality in an organization. performance can be the appearance of individuals or work groups of personnel. the appearance of the work is not limited to personnel holding functional and structural positions, but also to the entire line of personnel within the organization (ilyas, 2012). one of the factors that need to be considered to improve employee performance is regarding the leadership style applied by the company's leaders, namely how the leadership style applied can support the performance of its employees. information about this leadership style is important to know by the company itself because leadership style is one of the important components that will affect organizational performance. there are negative factors that can reduce employee performance, including the decreased desire of employees to achieve optimal performance, lack of punctuality in completing work, mailto:indrianiys@gmail.com agripreneur: jurnal pertanian agribisnis issn 2302-9625  indriani yunita syahri the influence of leadership style on employee performance in pure palm oil cooperatives (case study: tenggulun village, aceh tamiang district) 51 lack of compliance with regulations, influences that come from the environment of coworkers and the absence of examples that must be used as a reference in achievement of good performance. all of these are some of the causes of decreased employee performance at work (nawawi, 2011). the leadership function facilitates the achievement of group goals. in modern organizations, the leadership function can be carried out by several participants. however, praise or insults for success or failure are usually directed at individuals-formal leaders. this phenomenon is evident in all organizations, but is especially prominent in the world of sport, where coaches and managers are either hailed as heroes or reviled, despite the fact that many variables influence team performance, including fate (rivai and sagala, 2013). according to sopiah (2008), researchers have identified two leadership styles, namely taskoriented style and employee-oriented style. task-oriented leaders direct and supervise their subordinates closely to ensure that tasks are carried out satisfactorily. a leader who has this leadership style is more concerned with carrying out tasks than the development and growth of subordinates. employee-oriented leaders seek to motivate rather than supervise subordinates. they encourage group members to carry out tasks by allowing group members to participate in decisions that affect them and bring about close, trusting, and rewarding relationships with group members. pure palm oil cooperative in tenggulun village, aceh tamiang regency is one of the cooperatives in aceh tamiang regency which is engaged in oil palm plantations. pure palm oil cooperative which has permanent employees, with a composition consisting of permanent employees from the field and administration divisions who have their respective job descriptions and responsibilities. handoko (2014) describes the characteristics of leaders with authoritarian, democratic, paternalistic, charismatic, and laissez faire (liberal) styles. 2. research methods the research was conducted at the pure palm oil cooperative in tenggulun village, aceh tamiang district. the determination of the research area was carried out purposively (deliberately) based on certain considerations, namely the selection of a place based on the criteria of a place that was in accordance with the research that was chosen intentionally. the pure sawit cooperative is one of the cooperatives in tenggulun village which has activities in the field of oil palm plantations. established since 1996 and still active today. sampling using the saturated sample method, namely the determination of the sample if all members of the population are used as a sample or also called a census, so the number of samples is 36 people.  issn 2302-9625 agripreneur, vol.9, no. desember 2, 2020: pp 50-57 52 the data collected in this study consisted of primary data and secondary data. primary data, namely data obtained from interviews and data collection results directly to respondents using questionnaires as well as observations and discussions in the field. primary data was collected by means of a questionnaire (questionnaire), which is a method of collecting data by distributing a list of questions to respondents. the questions in the questionnaire were made using a likert scale as a measuring tool. while secondary data is data obtained from the office of the pure palm oil cooperative in tenggulun village and agencies related to this research. 3. results and discussion 3.1 leadership style the leadership styles in this study include; free, democratic, authoritarian. the results of the research in detail are as follows: a. free leadership style based on the data that has been obtained from the research questionnaire, the data obtained are summarized by the frequency distribution of the answers given for each statement in each variable. the distribution of respondents based on independent leadership styles can be seen in table 1. table 1. distribution of respondents based on free leadership style no statement strongly agree agree disagree do not agree very do not agree total n % n % n % n % n % n % 1 leaders really believe on subordinates 2 5.6 34 94.4 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 36 100.0 2 leaders consider subordinates as coworkers 2 5.6 7 19.4 1 2.8 21 58.3 5 13.9 36 100.0 3 leaders rarely intervene subordinates 1 2.8 3 8.3 2 5.6 24 66.7 6 16.6 36 100.0 4 the leader demands that each subordinate be responsible for each other's work 1 2.8 3 8.3 0 0.0 28 77.8 4 11.1 36 100.0 5 leaders lack a clear vision and mission in work implementation 1 2.8 2 5.6 1 2.8 28 77.8 4 11.1 36 100.0 based on the table, it can be concluded that most of the respondents agree on the statement that the leader strongly believes in subordinates, disagree with the statement that the leader considers subordinates to be co-workers, disagrees with the statement that the leader rarely intervenes with subordinates, disagrees with the statement that the leader demands every subordinate to be responsible. on their respective jobs, disagree with the statement that the leadership lacks a clear vision and mission in carrying out the work. agripreneur: jurnal pertanian agribisnis issn 2302-9625  indriani yunita syahri the influence of leadership style on employee performance in pure palm oil cooperatives (case study: tenggulun village, aceh tamiang district) 53 b. democratic leadership style the distribution of respondents based on democratic leadership style can be seen in table 2. table 2. distribution of respondents based on democratic leadership style no statement strongly agree agree disagree do not agree very do not agree total n % n % n % n % n % n % 1 leader do coordination with subordinates 4 11.1 32 88.9 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 36 100.0 2 leader do approach with subordinates 3 8.3 32 88.9 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 2.8 36 100.0 3 leaders treat subordinates as part of team achievement 2 5.6 2 5.6 6 16.7 24 66.7 2 5.6 36 100.0 4 leader take consensus decision 2 5.6 2 5.6 7 19.4 16 44.4 9 25.0 36 100.0 5 leaders pay attention input from subordinates 2 5.6 2 5.6 7 19.4 11 30.6 14 38.9 36 100.0 based on the table, it can be concluded that most respondents agree on the statement that the leader coordinates with subordinates, agree on the statement that the leader approaches subordinates, disagrees on the statement that the leader treats subordinates as part of the team's achievement, disagrees on the statement that the leader makes decisions unanimously. strongly disagree with the leader's statement paying attention to input from subordinates. c. authoritarian leadership style the distribution of respondents based on authoritarian leadership style can be seen in table 3. table 3. distribution of respondents based on authoritarian leadership style no statement strongly agree agree disagree do not agree very do not agree total n % n % n % n % n % n % 1 leaders always demand full obedience of subordinates 2 5.6 34 94.4 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 36 100.0 2 leader apply rigid work discipline 1 2.8 4 11.1 2 5.6 3 8.3 26 72.2 36 100.0 3 leader like give order and instructions 0 0.0 3 8.3 4 11.1 21 58.3 8 22.2 36 100.0 4 leader take decision without involve employee (subordinate) 0 0.0 28 77.8 0 0.0 1 2.8 7 19.4 36 100.0  issn 2302-9625 agripreneur, vol.9, no. desember 2, 2020: pp 50-57 54 5 leader often blame or scapegoating subordinates 0 0.0 3 8.3 3 8.3 4 11.1 26 72.2 36 100.0 based on the table, it can be concluded that most of the respondents agree on the statement that the leader always demands full obedience from subordinates, strongly disagree with the statement that the leader applies rigid work discipline, disagrees with the statement that the leader likes to give orders and instructions, agrees on the statement that the leader makes decisions without involving employees (subordinates), strongly disagree with the leader's statement often blaming or scapegoating subordinates. after the respondents answered the statement about leadership style through interviews, then the employees of the pure sawit cooperative were asked what they thought about the leadership style applied by the head of the pure sawit cooperative. the distribution of respondents based on the leadership style of the head of the pure sawit cooperative is presented in table 4. table 4. distribution of respondents based on the leadership style of the head of pure palm oil cooperative no leadership style number of people) percentage (%) 1 free 3 8.3 2 democratic 23 63.9 3 authoritarian 10 27.8 amount 36 100.0 based on the results of the study, it showed that most of the employees of the pure sawit cooperative, as many as 23 people (63.9%) stated that the leadership style applied by the head of the pure sawit cooperative tends to be democratic. 3.2 pure palm oil cooperative employee performance performance is the result of work in quality and quantity achieved by an employee in the ability to carry out tasks in accordance with the responsibilities given by superiors to employees in the pure palm oil cooperative. the distribution of respondents based on performance can be seen in table 5. table 5. distribution of respondents based on performance no statement strongly agree agree disagree do not agree very do not agree total n % n % n % n % n % n % 1 employee able to draw up a work plan with good 3 8.3 17 47.2 1 2.8 15 41.7 0 0.0 36 100.0 2 jobs given to capable employees realized in accordance with the target 3 8.3 11 30.6 2 5.6 20 55.6 0 0.0 36 100.0 3 solution profession done right on target 3 8.3 14 38.9 1 2.8 18 50.0 0 0.0 36 100.0 4 work done accurately 3 8.3 13 36.1 0 0.0 19 52.8 1 2.8 36 100.0 agripreneur: jurnal pertanian agribisnis issn 2302-9625  indriani yunita syahri the influence of leadership style on employee performance in pure palm oil cooperatives (case study: tenggulun village, aceh tamiang district) 55 5 reporting results work right time 2 5.6 1 2.8 11 30.6 4 11.1 18 50.0 36 100.0 6 every employees work with g o o d fellow coworkers 3 8.3 2 5.6 9 25.0 22 61.1 0 0.0 36 100.0 7 every employee work well with superiors 2 5.6 1 2.8 12 33.3 21 58.3 0 0.0 36 100.0 8 every employee obey the clock work 2 5.6 2 5.6 3 8.3 29 80.6 0 0.0 36 100.0 9 every employees have a relationship which good with coworkers 2 5.6 1 2.8 3 8.3 30 83.3 0 0.0 36 100.0 10 every employee get the job done fast 1 2.8 2 5.6 1 2.8 31 86.1 1 2.8 36 100.0 based on the table, it can be concluded that most of the respondents disagreed on the statement that the employee was able to prepare a work plan well, disagreed on the statement that the work given to the employee was able to be realized according to the target, disagreed on the statement that the completion of the work was carried out on target, disagreed on the statement that the work is done accurately, strongly disagree with the statement of reporting the results of work on time, disagree on the statement that every employee cooperates well with fellow co-workers, disagree on the statement that every employee cooperates well with superiors, disagrees on the statement that every employee is obedient to working hours rules, disagree on the statement that every employee has a good relationship with coworkers,disagree on the statement that every employee gets the job done quickly. 3.3 the effect of leadership style on employee performance at pure palm oil cooperatives in tenggulun village, aceh tamiang district the influence of leadership style on performance in this study is seen from three subvariables, namely free, democratic, and authoritarian leadership styles. the influence of leadership style on performance in this study is seen from three sub-variables, namely free, democratic, and authoritarian leadership styles. however, before carrying out statistical tests with the help of computer programs, it must be known that the data used in this study should not deviate from the blue assumptions (best, linear, unbiased, and estimator). 4. conclusion the performance of the pure palm oil cooperative employees is in the poor category. this means that the performance of the pure palm oil cooperative employees in completing their daily tasks and work is not fully in line with the expectations of the pure palm oil cooperative leadership. the leadership style applied by the pure palm oil cooperative leadership is democratic. reference ardhini, kartika fitri, 2014. pengaruh gaya kepemimpinan dan komitmen organisasi terhadap kinerja karyawan koperasi karyawan minyak caltex di rumbai pekanbaru. jom fekon . vol 1. no. 2 oktober 2014.  issn 2302-9625 agripreneur, vol.9, no. desember 2, 2020: pp 50-57 56 dewi, desi rosmala, marina sulistyati, m. ali mauludin, 2017. hubungan antara gaya kepemimpinan ketua umum dengan kinerja karyawan koperasi (kasus di koperasi serba usaha tandangsari kecamatan tanjungsari kabupaten sumedang provinsi jawa barat). fakultas peternakan universitas padjadjaran, jalan raya bandung – sumedang. gibson, j.l., john m. ivancevich, james h. donnelly jr., and robert konopaske 2003. organization : behavior, structure, and processes, 11th ed., new york: mcgraw-hill. handoko, t. hani., 2014. manajemen personalia dan sumber daya manusia. bpfe, yogyakarta. hardian, f., 2015. pengaruh gaya kepemimpinan terhadap kinerja karyawan (studi pada karyawan tetap service center panasonic surabaya). jurnal administrasi bisnis, 18(1). hasibuan, s.p. malayu, 2016. manajemen sumber daya manusia, edisi revisi, bumi aksara, jakarta ilyas, y. 2012. kinerja. teori, penilaian dan penelitian. cetakan keempat. depok. fakultas kesehatan masyarakat universitas sumatera utara. kartono, kartini, 2009, “pemimpin dan kepimimpinan-apakah pemimpin yang abnormal itu?”. edisi pertama, cetakan ketigabelas, pt raja grafindo persada pangandaheng steven christian, ivonne s.saerang, sjendry s.r. loindong, 2017. pengaruh gaya kepemimpinan dan budaya organisasi terhadap kinerja pegawai dinas koperasi dan umkm provinsi sulawesi utara. jurnal emba vol.5 no.2 juni 2017, hal. 2358 2366 purwanto, a., asbari, m., santoso, p. b., wijayanti, l. m., hyun, c. c., & saifuddin, m.p., 2020. pengaruh gaya kepemimpinan partisipatif dan otokratis terhadap kinerja sistem jaminan halal has 23000 pada industri makanan kemasan. edumaspul: jurnal pendidikan, 4(1), 156179. rosmiyati, r., 2014. pengaruh gaya kepemimpinan, motivasi dan budaya organisasi terhadap kinerja karyawan pt asuransi umum bumiputera muda 1967 (thesis, universitas gadjah mada). santoso, s. 2018. mahir statistik multivariat dengan spss. gramedia. jakarta. siswanto, rendyka dio dan djambur hamid, 2017. pengaruh gaya kepemimpinan terhadap kinerja karyawan (studi pada karyawan divisi human resources management compensation and benefits pt freeport indonesia) jurnal administrasi bisnis (jab)|vol. 42 no.1 januari 2017. suhendi, hendi & anggara sahya. 2010. perilaku organisasi. cetakan pertama. anggota ikapi. bandung: cv. pustaka utama sunyoto, danang, 2013. “sumber daya manusia (praktik penelitian)”, center for academic publishing service, yogyakarta. agripreneur: jurnal pertanian agribisnis issn 2302-9625  indriani yunita syahri the influence of leadership style on employee performance in pure palm oil cooperatives (case study: tenggulun village, aceh tamiang district) 57 supangat, a. 2010. statistika dalam kajian deskriptif, inferensi, dan nonparametrik. kencana. jakarta wijaya, tony. 2011. cepat menguasai spps 19 untuk olah data dan interpretasi data penelitian. cahaya atma. yogyakarta. ijece agripreneur,9 (1) (2020) pp. 23-29 journal homepage:www.iocscience.org/ejournal/index.php/agripreneur published by:iocscience agripreneur : journal of agribusiness agriculture journal homepage:www.iocscience.org/ejournal/index.php/agripreneur analysis of social economic factors affecting income of rice farmers (case study: purbaganda village, pematang bandar district) simalungun regency) ricky efran ginting agribusiness study program faculty of agriculture, university of north sumatra, medan 20155, indonesia rizkyeg@gmail.com abstract this purpose of this study is to analyze the income of rice farmers and to analyze the influence of socio-economic factors on the income of rice farmers in purbaganda village, pematang bandar district, simalungun regency. the research data were obtained from secondary data and primary data. the data analysis method used in this research is to use income analysis and multiple linear regression test. the results showed that the average income of rice farmers was rp. 43,732,927.78/harvest season and the total expenditure or cost in one production was rp. 9,223,313.89 and the average income of rice farmers was rp. 34,509,613. ,89/harvest season. socio-economic factors that affect the income of rice farmers are the experience factor (x3), land area (x4), labor (x5) and cost (x6) which have a real or significant effect on the income of rice farmers. keywords: socio-economic, farmers, income. 1. introduction agriculture is a strategic sector as well as the sector that absorbs the most labor and is rural based because most of the population lives in rural areas with a livelihood as farmers. the agricultural sector, especially food crops, aims to increase production and expand the diversification of agricultural products. this is useful for meeting domestic food needs and increasing income, standard of living, and welfare of farmers. lowland rice farming is a source of income and job opportunities for rural communities, therefore proper management is needed by using production factors efficiently. the use of inefficient production factors in lowland rice farming will result in low production and high costs, which in turn reduces farmers' income. the success of farming is influenced by production factors (capital, land, labor). capital is needed to procure production facilities (seeds, fertilizers, pesticides and equipment), plant maintenance costs, storage, marketing and transportation costs. farmers tend to experience obstacles in developing their farming results by increasing land area and procuring production facilities. if the income obtained by farmers is greater, the welfare of farmers will also increase. farmers hope to increase their income so that their daily needs can be met (suratiyah, 2018). the influence of external factors (social factors) and internal factors (economic factors) of farmers will determine whether or not farmers quickly adopt innovations such as the use of superior seeds, organic fertilizers, pesticides, equipment and so on. the economic factors mailto:rizkyeg@gmail.com  issn 2302-9625 agripreneur, vol.9, no. june 1, 2020: pp 23-29 24 include the number of dependents in the family, the area of land owned, the use of labor, capital and the presence or absence of a farming business. while social factors include age, education and farming experience. farmers are people who depend on agricultural land as their main livelihood. in general, farmers live in rural areas and most of them, especially those who live in densely populated areas in southeast asia (witrianto, 2015). lowland rice farmers are actors who carry out farming activities on paddy fields that are managed based on the capabilities of the physical, biological, and socio-economic environment in accordance with their objectives, capabilities and resources to produce lowland rice, as an important commodity in the food crop agricultural sector for the people of indonesia. prime, 2019). income is needed by farming families to meet the necessities of life that are not fixed but continuous. therefore, the maximum income is what farmers always expect from farming. income is production which is expressed in the form of money after deducting the costs incurred during farming activities (karmini, 2018). 2. research methods the research area was determined purposively (deliberately), namely in purbaganda village, pematang bandar district, simalungun regency, with the consideration that this area is a village whose people make a living as rice farmers and is one of the fostered areas of bptp (agricultural technology assessment agency) simalungun regency. . the total population in this study was 54 people, namely irrigated rice farmers who have an average land area of more than 1 ha in purbaganda village, pematang bandar district, simalungun regency, north sumatra province. the sampling technique in this study uses probability sampling technique, which is a sampling technique that provides equal opportunities for each element (member) of the population to be selected as a sample member. the data needed in this study were obtained using 2 ways of collecting data, namely: primary data and secondary data. primary data is data obtained directly from the field, using questionnaires that have been prepared previously for the sample, direct interview techniques and direct observations in the field. while secondary data is data obtained from various agencies or institutions related to the substance of the research, such as the simalungun regency agriculture office, purbaganda village head office, agricultural bpp pematang bandar district and various other literary sources. such as books, magazines, newspapers and the internet. agripreneur: journal of agribusiness agriculture issn 2302-9625  ricky efran ginting-analysis of socio-economic factors affecting rice farmers' income (case study: purbaganda village, pematang bandar district, simalungun regency) 25 3. results and discussion 3.1 total farmer's income and production analysis of the income of rice farmers in purbaganda village, pematang bandar district, simalungun regency, first we must know the total farmers' income and the total cost of farming. total farmer income can be seen in the following table: table 1. average total income of rice farmers per farmer/hectare. no description unit average per farmer average per farmer/ha 1 2 production production price kg rp 10,413 4,200 5,944 4,200 amount rp 43,732,928 24,965,547 table 1 explains that the average income owned by the sample farmers inpurbaganda village, pematang bandar district, simalungun regency is rp. 43,732,928 per 1 harvest season, while the average income owned by farmers per hectare is rp. 24,965,547. before knowing the total cost (total cost) incurred by the farmer, we must first know how much the production cost per sample farmer is. the production costs of lowland rice farmers can be seen in the following table: table 2. production costs per one harvest season for rice farmers no production cost (rp) number of samples (people) percentage (%) 1 2 3 4 5 2,357,800 – 4,578,500 5,251,000 – 7,958,050 8,038,750 – 9,771,000 11,394,100 – 13,713,900 14,006,500 – 16,452,300 11 13 9 11 10 20.4 24.1 16.6 20.4 18.5 amount 54 100 the data in table 2 shows the most dominant production costs of rp. 5,251,000 – 7,958,050 with a percentage of 24.1%. furthermore, after knowing the composition of production costs per sample farmer, we can find out how much the total costs incurred by farmers during 1 harvest season. the total cost (total cost) can be seen in the following table: table 3. average total cost (tc) of rice farmers no description unit average per farmer average per farmer/ha 1 2 total variable cost total fixed cost rp rp 8,823,313.89 400,000 3,579,171 174.489 amount rp 9,223,313.89 3,753,660  issn 2302-9625 agripreneur, vol.9, no. june 1, 2020: pp 23-29 26 table 3 shows that the average total expenditure incurred by farmers in carrying out lowland rice farming for 1 harvest season is rp. 9,223,313.89 while the average total expenditure per hectare is rp. 3,753,660 by adding up the fixed costs and variable costs. the profit or income obtained by rice farmers can be calculated by subtracting the total revenue (total revenue) from the total cost (total cost) or by the formula = tr – tc. we can see the profit or income of rice farmers in the following table: table 4. average income earned by rice farmers no cost component unit average per farmer average per farmer/hectare 1 total revenue rp 43,732,927.78 24,965,547 2 total cost rp 9,223,313.89 3,753,660 amount rp 34,509,613.89 21,211,887 the data in table 4 shows that the average income of rice farmers in purbaganda village, pematang bandar district, simalungun regency is rp. 34,509,613.89 in 1 harvest season while the average income owned by farmers per hectare is rp. 21,211,887. 3.2 socio-economic factors affecting rice farmers' income the data obtained in the field can be interpreted into the application in order to see the factors that affect the income of rice farmers. the independent variables in this study are age (x1), education (x2), experience (x3), land area (x4), labor (x5) and capital (x6) where these independent variables will be tested using multiple linear regression to see factors that affect income with income as the dependent variable (y). 1) effect of age on rice farmers' income the results of this study showed that the age of the sample farmers was quite varied, which was between 39 to 72 years old. from all the results of the sample, it is found that both younger and older farmers have high productivity, so that the income of farmers is also relatively the same. so from these results it can be stated that the age of the sample farmers in this study has no significant effect on farmers' income. 2) the effect of education on the income of rice farmers in the results of this study, it was found that the formal education taken by the sample farmers was sd to s1. the highest formal education obtained in this study was d3 and s1 as many as 10 sample farmers. however, farmers with lower levels of education are found to have higher incomes. so it can be stated that the high level of formal education does not affect the income of the sample farmers. farmers with lower education usually rely more on experience and attend informal education. agripreneur: journal of agribusiness agriculture issn 2302-9625  ricky efran ginting-analysis of socio-economic factors affecting rice farmers' income (case study: purbaganda village, pematang bandar district, simalungun regency) 27 3) the effect of experience on rice farmers' income if there is an increase in the experience of farmers for 1 year by assuming other factors remain, there will be an increase in the income of rice farmers in purbaganda village, pematang bandar district, simalungun regency. according to mulyati hesti (2014) the results of the study of sample farmers who have long enough farming experience are 22 people (73.33%), while those with farming experience are still low as many as 8 people (26.67%). in farming management the longer the farmer cultivates, the more habits, skills and skills or expertise in carrying out farming activities can affect. this is because the longer the farming experience of a rice farmer, the more knowledge about how to increase production and income. 4) the effect of land area on rice farmers' income if there is an increase in the farmer's land area of 1 ha by assuming other factors remain, there will be an increase in the income of rice farmers in purbaganda village, pematang bandar district, simalungun regency. this is in accordance with the study of wulandari d, et al (2018) that the variable of land productivity has a significant effect on the income of lowland rice farming. land productivity is in accordance with the land's ability to receive inputs to produce outputs. the factor of land productivity has a significant effect on income, this is because if land productivity is high, the income received by farmers is also high. 5) the effect of labor on rice farmers' income if there is an increase in the farmer's workforce by 1 person assuming other factors remain, there will be an increase in the income of rice farmers in purbaganda village, pematang bandar district, simalungun regency. according to wulansari d, et al. (2018), labor productivity has a significant effect on income, this is because if labor productivity is high, the income received by farmers is also high. the use of machine assistance can increase labor efficiency. with the help of machines, less labor is devoted so that the divisor of the total production will be smaller and get a higher productivity value. 6) effect of capital on rice farmers' income if there is an increase in farmer's capital by 1 rupiah by assuming other factors remain, there will be an increase in the income of rice farmers in purbaganda village, pematang bandar district, simalungun regency. according to satriani (2020) capital is spent to encourage higher crop yields, it is hoped that the higher production costs of expenditures used for rice field management trigger the efficiency of rice field management itself, these costs can include purchasing seeds, purchasing fertilizers, purchasing rice field management tools. thereby increasing farmer's income which affects farmer's income. this study is in line with hakim (2018) which states that capital has a positive effect on farmers' income. farmers carry out farming with the most efficient cost possible so that by allocating appropriate and efficient costs, the results obtained will be maximized. thus, there is a need for government  issn 2302-9625 agripreneur, vol.9, no. june 1, 2020: pp 23-29 28 assistance to increase capital for farmers. 4. conclusion it was found that the production of lowland rice in purbaganda village has an average amount of 10,413 kg/farmer at a price of rp 4,200/kg. the average area of land owned by farmers is 1.76 ha with an average production cost of rp. 9,223,313.89 during one harvest season. the average profit or income of each farmer in purbaganda village, pematang bandar district, simalungun regency is idr 34,509,613.89 in one harvest season. it was found that the characteristics of socio-economic factors, namely, the age factor and the education factor had no significant or significant effect on the income of lowland rice farmers. while the experience factor, land area factor, labor factors and capital factors have a significant or significant effect on the income of rice farmers in purbaganda village, pematang bandar district, simalungun regency. reference alif, m. 2017. partisipasi petani dalam komunikasi penyuluhan (studi pada kelompok tani sumber murni kelurahan landasan ulin utara kecamatan landasan ulin kota banjarbaru). j. komunikasi. 2 (2) : 155168. anugrah, aningsih. (2018). kemampuan berpikir tingkat tinggi. skripsi: universitas muhammadiyah purwekerto arifin, 2016, pengantar ekonomi pertanian, bandung: cv. mujahid press. arikunto, s. 2010. prosedur penelitian suatu pendekatan praktek.rineka cipta. jakarta. augusty, f. 2006.metode penelitian manajemen: pedoman penelitian untuk skripsi, tesis dan disertai ilmu manajemen. universitas diponegoro. semarang. badan pusat statistik. 2016. kecamatan pematang bandar dalam angka 2016. bps. kecamatan pematang bandar. badan pusat statistik (bps). 2020. tanaman pangan kabupaten simalungun. burhansyah, r. (2016). faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi adopsi inovasi pertanian pada gapoktan puap dan non puap di kalimantan barat (studi kasus: kabupaten pontianak dan landak). informatika pertanian, 23(1), 6574. departemen sosial ekonomi pertanian universitas sumatera utara. medan. dinas tanaman pangan dan hortikultura provinsi sumatera utara.2020. data produksi tanaman padi sawah dan luas panen padi sawah. ghozali, i.h. (2018). aplikasi analisis multivariate dengan program ibm spss 25 (9th ed). semarang : badan penerbit universitas diponegoro. gultom, hendra h. 2018. faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pendapatan petani padi sawah di desa pagar jati kecamatan lubuk pakam kabupaten deli serdang. universitas medan area. medan. hakim, abdul. (2018). pengaruh biaya produksi terhadap pendapatan petani mandiri kelapa sawit di kecamatan segah. jurnal ekonomi stiep. 3 (2). agripreneur: journal of agribusiness agriculture issn 2302-9625  ricky efran ginting-analysis of socio-economic factors affecting rice farmers' income (case study: purbaganda village, pematang bandar district, simalungun regency) 29 hasyim, h. 2014. analisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi produksi padi sawah (studi kasus : desa medang, kecamatan medang deras, kabupaten batu bara). j. universitas sumatera utara. 2 (1): 1 – 12. juliansyah, hijri dan agung riyono, 2018, pengaruh produksi, luas lahan dan tingkat pendidikan terhadap pendapatan petani karet di desa bukti hagu kecamatan lhoksukon kabupaten aceh utara, fakultas ekonomi dan bisnis universitas malikussaleh. karmini, 2018, ekonomi produksi pertanian, samarinda: mulawarman university press. kotler.p., & armstrong.g. (2018). principles of marketing (17th ed). united kingdom : pearson education limited. mulyati hesti. 2014. analisis produksi dan pendapatan usahatani padi sawah di desa jono oge kec. sigi biromaru kab. sigi. universitas tadulako. palu. nuryanto, b. 2018. pengendalian penyakit tanaman padi berwawasan lingkungan melalui pengelolaan komponen epidemik. dalam jurnal litbang pertanian vol.37 (1) : 1-12. perdana, m. g. (2019). faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi tingkat penerapan teknologi budidaya padi organik di desa gempol keca karanganom kabupaten klaten. retrieved from http://repository.umy.ac.id/handle/123456789/25766 ratulangi, soegoto (2016). pengaruh pengalaman kerja, kompetensi, motivasi, terhadap kinerja karyawan (studi pada pt. hasjrat abadi tendean monado). jurnal embah, 4(4), 322-334. sholikha, i. (2019). panduan lengkap & praktis budidaya jagung manis yang paling menguntungkan. jakarta: garuda pustaka. siregar, syofian. 2013. metode penelitian kuantitatif;dilengkapi dengan perhitungan manual & spss. jakarta: kencana ijece agripreneur,9 (1) (2020) pp. 30-36 journal homepage:www.iocscience.org/ejournal/index.php/agripreneur published by:iocscience agripreneur : journal of agribusiness agriculture journal homepage:www.iocscience.org/ejournal/index.php/agripreneur marketing development strategy of bett fish (betta sp.) in medan city mhd hafizur rashid siregar agribusiness study program faculty of agriculture, university of north sumatra, medan 20155, indonesia hafizurs@gmail.com abstract in this study, the population is the betta fish business actors in medan city. while the sample is 20 respondents. the analysis of this study was carried out using qualitative data, with a swot analysis (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats). the results of this study indicate the position of the betta fish marketing development strategy in medan city is in quadrant iii, which means the position of the betta fish marketing development strategy is in the turn around strategy position where this strategy shows a large enough opportunity but on the other hand it still has several internal weaknesses. keywords: marketing strategy, betta fish, swot analysis 1. introduction one of the potentials of the fisheries sector that has a competitive advantage to drive the national economy is ornamental fish commodities, both marine and freshwater ornamental fish, because they are very potential as a source of community income and a foreign exchange earner (weningsari, 2013). betta fish (betta sp.) is a fish that has many forms (polymorphism), such as a crown tail type (crown tail), a half moon tail (half moon), a short tail (plaque) and a wax/shawl type tail ( slayer) with long, colorful fins. the beauty of the fin shape and color greatly determines the aesthetic value and commercial value of betta fish (yustina et al., 2003). betta fish (betta sp.) generally like moving food, food must be available from the time the betta eggs hatch. therefore, most betta fish farmers first do a natural feed culture before separating betta fish. there are several types of natural food that are often given to the larval stage of betta fish, including paramecium, infusoria, vinegar eel, artemia, water fleas, mosquito larvae, silk worms, and blood worms (sudradjat, 2003). one of the problems in developing the betta fish market is the lack of strategy in marketing betta fish, because the betta fish market is only oriented within the environment of hobbyists and betta fish farmers in medan, while many ornamental fish lovers outside the city want ornamental fish. bettas exist in the city of medan, so that the lack of knowledge and the function of marketing institutions, the needs of consumers outside the city cannot be met because it requires a market development strategy through a swot analysis of the development of betta fish agribusiness both as ornamental and hickey complaints in medan city. mailto:hafizurrs@gmail.com agripreneur: journal of agribusiness agriculture issn 2302-9625  mhd hafizur rasyid siregar-marketing strategy for betta fish (betta sp.) in medan city 31 marketing is a process of activity that is influenced by various social, cultural, political, economic, and managerial factors. as a result of the influence of these various factors, each individual and group obtains their needs and desires by creating, offering, and exchanging products that have commodity value (rangkuti, 1997). marketing development is a plan that outlines the company's expectations of the impact of various marketing activities or programs on the demand for products or product lines in certain target markets (tjiptono, 2008). according to (alfred chandler in nilasari, 2014) the notion of strategy is the determination of long-term goals and objectives of a company or organization and the allocation of resources to achieve these goals. strategy is sometimes equated with tactics, even though they are different. strategy is more dynamic because it is a process so that it follows changes that occur. tactics are more permanent because they are carried out at a time. in addition, strategy also has more alternative choices than tactics. strategy can also be interpreted as a guideline or rule on how to utilize limited resources, continuously effectively and efficiently to achieve goals within a certain period of time with great attention to internal and external environmental factors (akdon, 2016). swot analysis is the systematic identification of various factors to formulate corporate strategy. this analysis is based on logic that maximizes strengths and opportunities, but simultaneously minimizes weaknesses and threats. the process of returning strategic decisions is always related to the development of the company's mission, goals, strategies and policies. according to (fahmi in nisak, 2014) to analyze more deeply about swot, it is necessary to look at external and internal factors as an important part of a swot analysis. external factors are factors that are not controlled by the party implementing the strategy and vice versa internal factors. 2. research methods determination of the research location is done purposively or intentionally. namely the presentation with the consideration that the city of medan has a betta ornamental fish market center and betta fish business actors ranging from small to large scale that have the potential to be developed further. in this study, the determination of the sample used non-probability sampling. because there is no data on the population of betta fish business actors in the city of medan. so in this study, the population is the betta fish business actors in the city of medan. with the method of determining the sampling using accidental sampling, namely sampling or determining  issn 2302-9625 agripreneur, vol.9, no. june 1, 2020: pp 30-36 32 elements by chance where elements and members of the population can be selected as samples, if it is considered that the person who happened to be met is suitable as a data source with the consideration that the respondent has good insight (experience). related to the marketing of betta fish as well as understanding internal and external factors. the data analysis method used in this research is qualitative data analysis. that is the analysis obtained by describing the existing problem with a description of the description that aims to explain the problems that occurred, so that clear conclusions are obtained. while the analytical tool used is a swot analysis. swot analysis (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats) is used to evaluate opportunities and challenges in the agribusiness environment. to make it easier to carry out a swot analysis, a swot matrix is needed. the swot matrix will make it easier to formulate various strategies that need or must be carried out by grouping each swot element problem into a table (rangkuti, 2006) 3. results and discussion 3.1 internal factor scoring internal factors in this study consisted of variations in price, feed, type of breeder branding and packing. scoring is done to identify strengths and weaknesses. if the results show a score of 1 and 2 then it is a weakness while for a score of 3 and 4 it is a strength. from the results of scoring on internal factors, the following results are obtained. table 1. scoring of internal factors no internal factors average score information 1. branding 1.00 weakness 2. feed 2.00 weakness 3. packing 1.30 weakness 4. parent type 3.30 strength 5. promotion 3.80 strength it can be seen from table 1. above that the internal factors that include weaknesses are feed with a score of 2, packing/packaging with a score of 1.3 and branding factors with a score of 1. for internal factors which include strength are the parent type factor with a score of 3.3 and promotion 3.8. 1) feed the best types of food for betta fish are live shrimp or worms, mosquito larvae, frozen live feed or pellets. live food is certainly preferred although it is not always easy to buy. but keep in mind, if you want to breed betta fish properly, you must provide live food. so that the provision of proper betta fish food will certainly increase the interest of betta fish buyers because betta fish given the right feed will look agile, active and healthy. but unfortunately the problem of the availability of live feed is a problem for betta fish farmers and sellers, so the only alternative is to provide pelleted feed to fulfill it. agripreneur: journal of agribusiness agriculture issn 2302-9625  mhd hafizur rasyid siregar-marketing strategy for betta fish (betta sp.) in medan city 33 2) packaging (packaging) betta fish packaging should pay attention to the distance and travel time, as well as the number of fish transported in the container. the conditions of important water quality parameters during transportation are temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen and ph of the water in the transportation container. a good water temperature for packaging live fish is 15–200c and a water ph of 7–8. the amount of oxygen added to the packaging container should be 3 times the amount of water, although sometimes for short distance packaging betta fish do not really need oxygen. so that packaging is an important key in developing betta fish marketing for consumers who are far outside the city and even abroad, proper packaging will make the betta fish inside safe and vice versa. 3) parent type in terms of price, there are several types of special betta fish that have been priced high above the average price in general because they have steps and uniqueness including: betta fish kachen worachai, fancy betta fish, giant betta fish, and double tail betta fish . so that the selection of the right type of betta fish to be cultivated and sold according to market demand will get big profits with promising prospects. 4) branding the term branding comes from the word brand which means brand. the definition of branding is an image so that a product can attract and stick in the minds of consumers. you could say that branding can be interpreted as a form of company communication with targeted consumers. however, branding in the marketing of betta fish itself is meant here is fish that is cultivated which is marketed and sold by a person or group of betta fish business actors with the aim of building a positive image and their reputation so that they are always good in the eyes of consumers. and also the imaging can build consumer confidence in their printed fish. but sometimes, not all betta fish business actors carry out a branding system, 5) promotion according to lupiyoadi (2013), he explained further about the notion of promotion that promotional activities are things that companies do to communicate the benefits of products and as a tool to influence consumers in purchasing activities or using services according to their needs. so that promotion is one of the determining strategic factors in developing the betta fish market in the city of medan, and in general, betta fish business actors have started selling not only through physical stores but also through social networking applications in an effort to promote their betta fish. have. 3.2 external factor scoring external factors in the study consist of potential market opportunities, promotions, availability of capital, partnerships, demand for betta fish, scoring is done to identify opportunities and threats faced. if the results show a score of 1 and 2 then it is a threat while for a score of 3 and 4 it is an opportunity. from the results of scoring on external factors, the following results are obtained.  issn 2302-9625 agripreneur, vol.9, no. june 1, 2020: pp 30-36 34 table 2. scoring of external factors no external factor average score information 1. betta fish request 3.00 opportunity 2. selling price variations 1.10 threat 3. availability of capital 3.90 opportunity 4. partnership 1.10 threat 5. potential market opportunities 3.80 opportunity 1) request for betta fish (betta sp) a score of 1 is given if the demand for betta fish is low and unsustainable, a score of 2 is given if the demand is low and continues to be sustainable, a score of 3 is given if the demand is high but unsustainable, and a score of 4 is given if the demand is high and and continues to be sustainable. from the results of the study, it can be said that the demand for betta fish in the city of medan is low but sustainable. the level of demand is influenced by the needs of personal hobbies and the relatively short age of betta fish, on average, under 2 years. the low but sustainable demand for betta fish can encourage betta fish cultivators to continue to increase the variety and types of betta fish so that they are still in demand by ornamental fish lovers and betta fish lovers. 2) price variations for ornamental halfmoon betta fish, for example, those that are 3 months old with size s will be included as grade b. so from this determination there will be variations in price differences with halfmoon betta fish of the same age but size s+ so they will get grade a. has a different price than the previous halfmoon betta fish. meanwhile, according to survey data in the field, the variation in the selling price of betta fish starts from idr 7,000 15,000 / head for ordinary grades, and can reach prices of idr 100,000 150,000 / head for super and contest grades, and some even reach > idr 500,000. /tail for step betta fish and contest winners. 3) availability of capital capital is one of the most important factors for betta fish business actors to develop their business ventures. what is meant by capital here is in the form of knowledge about betta fish marketing, partnership networks and fund allocation. . generally, betta fish business actors in the city of medan do not have problems with business capital, but in marketing and selling betta fish it is still very minimal and limited in scope so they need to spend more capital costs and relations for market invasions outside the city and abroad to up to the consumer. 4) partnership partnerships provide enormous benefits for increasing economic growth, namely through employment, income distribution, and economic development in the area. the large number of betta fish cultivators in the city of medan sometimes makes prices drop and they are forced to sell it to ornamental fish shops on a regular basis. therefore, with a betta fish breeding partnership, they no longer need to worry about the betta fish they print selling at low prices because someone already accepts and accommodates their betta fish from the betta fish market players, and vice versa for fish shops. ornamental fish and betta fish agripreneur: journal of agribusiness agriculture issn 2302-9625  mhd hafizur rasyid siregar-marketing strategy for betta fish (betta sp.) in medan city 35 business actors have no trouble getting betta fish stock if later the demand increases, then in this case they will both benefit equally. 5) potential market opportunities the definition of market opportunity according to kotler (2008) is an area of buyer needs in which companies can operate profitably. meanwhile, according to pearch and robinson (2005), opportunity is the main favorable situation in a company's environment, one of which is business trends. in developing betta fish marketing, potential market opportunities are one of the strategic factors that determine the direction of betta fish marketing development, the potential for betta fish is a promising business because of the ongoing and sustainable demand from hobbyists and betta fish lovers. and secondly, because the care and maintenance of betta fish is easy and not as complicated as other ornamental fish, making betta fish the initial choice for ornamental fish lovers and also its various color patterns make betta fish lovers not bored to continue to buy and collect betta fish so that is the case. create an opportunity from the marketing potential of betta fish. 4. conclusion internal factors that are included in the strength are the type of broodstock and promotion, while the weaknesses include packaging, branding and feed. external factors that include opportunities are factors of capital availability, demand for betta fish and potential market opportunities, while those that include threats are partnerships, and variations in selling prices. betta fish marketing development strategy in medan city is in quadrant iii. this shows that the strategy used to develop betta fish marketing in the research area is a turn around strategy. turn around strategy is a strategy that is used when an organization/institution has many weaknesses but there are opportunities that can be used to improve it. so the betta fish business actors as the implementers of the strategy must make changes such as improving the packaging process and applying branding in their sales as well as improving and improving the quality of betta fish feed. if these weaknesses can be overcome, then the opportunities that exist can be utilized as well as possible reference achmad sugandy.2001. teori pembelajaran pt. remaja rosdakarya, 2001 perkasa , b.e. 2001 merawat cupang untuk kontes. jakarta . penebar swadaya perkasa , b.e. dan hendry g .2002 solusi permasalahan cupang. jakarta . penebar swadaya linke, h . 1994 eksplorasi ikan cupang di kalimantan. trubus. no. 297 agustus h. 86-89 rangkuti , f, 1997. analisis swot : tehnik membedah kasus bisnis. gramedia pustaka utama . jakarta soekartawi .1999. agribisnis teori dan aplikasinya. raja grafindo persada, jakarta. sugiyono. 2005. metode penelitian administasi . alfabeta, bandung. sugandy, irawan , 2001 budidaya ikan cupang hias penerbit agromedia pustaka. jakarta hal 21-22 sudrajat . 2003. pembenihan dan pembesaran ikan cupang hias. yogyakarta. kanisius.  issn 2302-9625 agripreneur, vol.9, no. june 1, 2020: pp 30-36 36 yusnita , arnentis dan darmawati. 2003. daya tetas dan laju pertumbuhan larva ikan betta splendens di habitat buatan. jurnal bionatur bandung zairin ,m. jr dan k . sumantadinata. 1998b. pengaruh lama waktu perendaman telur fase bintik mata di dalam larutan hormone 17 ametilestosteron terhadap nisbah kelamin ikan cupang betta splendens regan. bandung. p: 286 – 290. ijece agripreneur, 10 (1) (2021) pp. 35-43 journal homepage: www. iocscience.org/ejournal/index.php/ agripreneur published by: iocscience agripreneur: jurnal pertanian agribisnis journal homepage: www.iocscience.org/ejournal/index.php/ agripreneur the effect of biochar applications of rice husk and coffee skin on p and zn nutritions and the growth of rice (oryza sativa l.) plants in satisfied rice land satber naibaho agrotechnology study program faculty of agriculture, university of north sumatra, medan 2016, indonesia satbernaibaho@gmail.com abstract this study aims to evaluate the effect of rice husk and coffee husk biochar, evaluate difference effect of rice and coffee husk biochar and to know the effect of difference of dose of rice and coffee husk biochar phosphate and zinc, and rice growth in the paddys soil with high total p . the research was conducted on the greenhouse, faculty of agriculture, university of north sumatra, medan. the soil which used from the paddys soil in lubuk dendang, perbaungan, serdang bedagai which has the high total p. the experiment was carried out using completely randomized design with 7 treatment : control ; 10 tons/ha, 20 tons/ha, and 30 tons/ha rice husk biochar ; 10 tons/ha, 20 tons/ha, and 30 tons/ha coffee husk biochar. the analysis of data used the analysis of variance and contrast orthogonal test. keywords: biochar, paddy soil, p, zn, rice growth 1. introduction the need for rice as the main food commodity is increasing day by day, but the problem of its availability is a matter of great urgency to be overcome. for this reason, various efforts have been made, both extensification by opening new land and intensification efforts. where intensification aims to increase the yield of each unit area of an area through the application of new technologies, including the provision of nutrient inputs to the soil and appropriate management methods through various programs launched (sumaryanto et al, 2001). continuous application of p fertilizer in paddy fields every growing season with high doses causes the accumulation of p nutrients in the soil, so that fertilization efficiency decreases considering that p fertilizer is not easily evaporated, washed or carried away by water and this suppresses the availability of micro nutrients, especially zn nutrients in the soil so that the productivity of lowland rice decreases due to an imbalance of nutrients in the soil. the directorate general of food crops agriculture (2000) reports that there is p saturation in several intensification areas which is estimated for indonesia to reach 2.5 million ha, due to continuous p fertilization every growing season. this p accumulation will become a residue in the soil and will result in rice plants being unresponsive to p fertilization in the next growing season. all organic matter added to soil significantly improves soil function, including the retention of some essential plant nutrients. biochar is much more effective in nutrient  issn 2302-9625 agripreneur, vol.10, no. 1 june 2021: pp 35-48 36 retention and availability to plants than other organic materials such as compost or manure. this also applies to p nutrients that are not retained by ordinary organic matter. carbon in biochar is stable and can be stored longer in the soil than other organic materials. therefore, all the benefits associated with nutrient retention and soil fertility can last longer than other forms of organic matter that are commonly administered (gani, 2009). the addition of biochar to the soil increased the cec and ph, up to 40% of the initial cec and up to one ph unit, respectively. the high availability of nutrients for plants is the result of increased nutrition directly from biochar and increased nutrient retention. with pot research using rice (oryza sativa l.) it was concluded that the addition of biochar significantly increased plant growth and nutrition. although the leaf n concentration decreased, the uptake of p, k, ca, zn, and cu by plants increased with the higher addition of biochar. the leaching of the applied n fertilizer was significantly reduced by the application of biochar, while the leaching of ca and mg was slowed (lehmann and joseph, 2009). 2. materials and methods the research was carried out at the greenhouse of the faculty of agriculture, university of north sumatra, medan with an altitude of ± 25 meters above sea level. this research was conducted from june to october 2016. the materials used in this experiment were rice seeds of ciherang variety, saturated p soil (high total p content) taken from lubuk dendang village, kec. perbaungan, kab. serdang bedagai, rice husks as biochar material, coffee bean husks as raw material for biochar, urea (46% n) and kcl (60% k2o) fertilizers as basic fertilizers, water to flood rice fields, chemicals for analysis in the laboratory, and other materials that support this research.the tools used are a hoe to take and homogenize the soil, a bucket as a soil container, a biochar maker (pyrolyzer), a scale to weigh soil and biochar, laboratory tools for analysis, and other tools that support this research. this study used a completely randomized design (crd) with 7 treatments and 5 replications so that 35 experimental units were obtained. the results of the treatment used the f test at the 5% level and if it was real then the orthogonal contrast test was carried out. 3. results and discussion soil ph the data for observing soil ph at 4 wap from each treatment and the results of the analysis of variance are presented in appendix 1. the results of the analysis of variance are not significant. table 1. soil ph in various biochar treatments treatment ph criteria agripreneur: jurnal pertanian agribisnis issn 2302-9625  satber naibaho -effect of biochar application of rice husk and coffee bean skins on p and zn nutrients and growth of rice plants (oryza sativa l.) in saturated rice fields 37 control 6.93 neutral rice husk biochar 10 tons/ha 6.73 neutral rice husk biochar 20 tons/ha 6.67 neutral rice husk biochar 30 tons/ha 7.03 neutral coffee bean husk biochar 10 tons/ha 6.77 neutral coffee bean husk biochar 20 tons/ha 7.00 neutral note * : criteria based on lpt. 1983 based on the results obtained (table 1.) it is known that the average soil ph ranges from 6.67 to 7.1. all ph in each treatment were in the neutral criteria. pep land available observation data p available soil from each treatment and the results of the analysis of variance are presented in appendix 2. the results of the analysis of variance are not significant . table 2. p – available soil in various biochar treatments treatment p available (ppm) criteria* control 111.22 very high rice husk biochar 10 tons/ha 224.87 very high rice husk biochar 20 tons/ha 182.19 very high rice husk biochar 30 tons/ha 268.38 very high coffee bean husk biochar 10 tons/ha 251.72 very high note * : criteria based on lpt. 1983 from the results obtained (table 2.) it is known that the available p content of the soil in all treatments was at a very high criterion. based on the results of the variance, there were no treatments that were significantly different between treatments. however, it can be seen from the figures that the best treatment is with rice husk biochar at a dose of 30 tons/ha. zn hcl 25% total zn observation data (hcl 25%) from each treatment and the results of the analysis of variance are presented in appendix 3. the results of the analysis of variance are not significant. table 3. zn hcl 25% soil in various biochar treatments treatment zn hcl 25% (ppm) criteria control 60.31 tall rice husk biochar 10 tons/ha 69.46 tall rice husk biochar 20 tons/ha 59.54 tall rice husk biochar 30 tons/ha 57.52 tall coffee bean husk biochar 10 tons/ha 60.25 tall note * : criteria based on dobermann and fairhust, 2000. from the results obtained (table 3.) it is known that the soil zn content (hcl 25%) in all treatments was in high criteria. based on the results of the variance, there was no significant difference between the treatments.  issn 2302-9625 agripreneur, vol.10, no. 1 june 2021: pp 35-48 38 plant height data on plant height observations from 5 wap to 9 wap from each treatment and the results of analysis of variance were presented. the results of the analysis of variance are not significant. table 4. plant height in various biochar treatments treatment plant height (cm) 5 mst 6 mst 7 mst 8 mst 9 mst control 74.76 83.26 91.20 92.66 94.22 rice husk biochar 10 tons/ha 76,70 83.92 92.04 94.26 96.22 rice husk biochar 20 tons/ha 74.78 82.74 90.68 93.14 95.28 rice husk biochar 30 tons/ha 78.26 87,80 94.20 96.24 97.58 coffee bean husk biochar 10 tons/ha 75.54 86.98 93.48 94.84 96.30 coffee bean husk biochar 20 tons/ha 74.36 84.84 93.56 96.06 98.72 coffee bean husk biochar 30 tons/ha 76.22 83.58 91.20 92.16 93.60 from the data obtained (table 4.) it is known that the average plant height at 5 wap was between 74.36 – 78.26 cm, at 6 wap between 82.74 – 87.7 cm, at 7 wap between 90.68 – 94, 20 cm, at 8 mst between 92.16 – 96.24 cm and at 9 mst between 93.60 – 98.72 cm. number of tillers the observation data on the number of tillers from 5 wap to 9 wap from each treatment and the results of the analysis of variance are presented in appendix 5. the results of the analysis of variance were not significant. table 5. number of tillers in various treatments of biochar treatment number of tillers 5 mst 6 mst 7 mst 8 mst 9 mst control 17.60 25,80 27.40 27.60 31.00 rice husk biochar 10 tons/ha 19.80 27,20 28,40 29,00 31,20 rice husk biochar 20 tons/ha 21.40 26.00 26,80 28.00 30,20 rice husk biochar 30 tons/ha 19,20 26.00 27.60 28,80 29.40 coffee bean husk biochar 10 tons/ha 20.00 29.20 30,20 29.40 32.00 coffee bean husk biochar 20 tons/ha 18,20 29,00 28,80 29.40 31.40 coffee bean husk biochar 30 tons/ha 22.60 30,20 30,20 32.40 34.00 from the data obtained (table 5.) it was known that the average number of tillers at 5 wap was between 17.60 – 22.60 tillers, at 6 mst between 25.80 – 30.20 tillers, at 7 mst between 26.80 – 30, 20 tillers, at 8 wap between 27.60 – 32.40 tillers and at 9 wat between 29.40 – 34.00 tillers. head dry weight agripreneur: jurnal pertanian agribisnis issn 2302-9625  satber naibaho -effect of biochar application of rice husk and coffee bean skins on p and zn nutrients and growth of rice plants (oryza sativa l.) in saturated rice fields 39 observation data on shoot dry weight (g) from each treatment and the results of the analysis of variance are presented in appendix 6. the results of the analysis of variance were not significant. table 6. head dry weight on various biochar treatments treatment head dry weight (g) control 32.94 rice husk biochar 10 tons/ha 49.58 rice husk biochar 20 tons/ha 37,10 rice husk biochar 30 tons/ha 42.26 coffee bean husk biochar 10 tons/ha 54.07 coffee bean husk biochar 20 tons/ha 31.86 coffee bean husk biochar 30 tons/ha 51.55 from the data obtained (table 6.) it is known that the average dry weight of the canopy ranged from 31.86 to 54.07g. based on the results of the variance, there was no significant difference from each treatment. root dry weight the observation data on root dry weight of each treatment and the results of the analysis of variance are presented in appendix 7. the results of the analysis of variance are not significant. table 7. root dry weight on various biochar treatments treatment root dry weight (g) control 39.60 rice husk biochar 10 tons/ha 50,14 rice husk biochar 20 tons/ha 50.79 rice husk biochar 30 tons/ha 35.67 coffee bean husk biochar 10 tons/ha 45.14 coffee bean husk biochar 20 tons/ha 41.56 coffee bean husk biochar 30 tons/ha 66.32 from the data obtained (table 7.) it is known that the average dry weight of the roots ranged from 35.67 to 66.31g. based on the results of the variance, there was no significant difference from each treatment. number of productive tillers data on the number of productive tillers from each treatment and the results of the analysis of variance are presented in appendix 8. the results of the analysis of variance are not significant. table 8. number of productive tillers in various biochar treatments treatment number of productive  issn 2302-9625 agripreneur, vol.10, no. 1 june 2021: pp 35-48 40 tillers control 15.00 rice husk biochar 10 tons/ha 19,00 rice husk biochar 20 tons/ha 19.50 rice husk biochar 30 tons/ha 19,00 coffee bean husk biochar 10 tons/ha 23.50 coffee bean husk biochar 20 tons/ha 23.50 coffee bean husk biochar 30 tons/ha 22.00 from the data obtained (table 8.) it is known that the average weight of productive tillers ranged from 15.00 – 23.50. plant p level the observational data on plant p levels from each treatment and the results of the analysis of variance are presented in appendix 9. the results of the analysis of variance were not significant. table 9. plant p levels in various biochar treatments treatment plant p content (%) criteria* control 0.39 tall rice husk biochar 10 tons/ha 0.38 tall rice husk biochar 20 tons/ha 0.35 tall rice husk biochar 30 tons/ha 0.30 tall coffee bean husk biochar 10 tons/ha 0.34 tall coffee bean husk biochar 20 tons/ha 0.35 tall coffee bean husk biochar 30 tons/ha 0.36 tall note *: criteria based on jones, wolf and mills. 1991 from the data obtained (table 9.) it is known that the average plant p content is in the high criteria in all treatments. plant zn content the observational data on plant zn levels from each treatment and the results of the analysis of variance are presented in appendix 10. the results of the analysis of variance are significant. table 10. plant zn levels in various treatments treatment plant zn content (ppm) criteria* control 27,00 optimum rice husk biochar 10 tons/ha 29.33 optimum rice husk biochar 20 tons/ha 28.67 optimum rice husk biochar 30 tons/ha 25.67 optimum coffee bean husk biochar 10 tons/ha 28.00 optimum coffee bean husk biochar 20 tons/ha 30.33 optimum coffee bean husk biochar 30 tons/ha 35.00 optimum note *: criteria based on jones, wolf and mills. 1991 agripreneur: jurnal pertanian agribisnis issn 2302-9625  satber naibaho -effect of biochar application of rice husk and coffee bean skins on p and zn nutrients and growth of rice plants (oryza sativa l.) in saturated rice fields 41 from the data obtained (table 10.) it is known that the average plant zn content is in the high criteria in all treatments. based on the results of the variance, it is known to be significant at the 5% level. the results of the orthogonal contrast follow-up test are presented in table 11. table 11. contrast test of plant zn levels in various biochar treatments sk db jk kt fhit f 0.05 note: f 0.01 treatment 6 161.90 26.98 3.13 2.85 * 4.46 b0 vs b1,b2,b3,b4,b5,b6 1 16.07 16.07 1.86 4.6 mr 8.86 b1,b2,b3 vs b4,b5,b6 1 46.72 46.72 5.42 4.6 * 8.86 b1 vs b2 vs b3 2 9.39 4.69 0.54 3.74 mr 6.51 b4 vs b5 vs b6 2 43.56 21.78 2.53 3.74 mr 6.51 error 14 120.67 8.62 total 20 282.57 description : * = real ; tn = unreal based on the results of the orthogonal contrast further test, it was found that the administration of rice husk biochar was significantly different from the administration of coffee bean husk biochar on plant zn levels. the highest plant zn content was found in the coffee bean skin treatment, with an average of b4, b5 and b6 of 31.11 ppm. discussion soil chemical properties the application of rice husk biochar and coffee bean husk had no significant effect on the ph of the paddy field soil. this can be seen from the ph criteria of all treatments which are the same, namely neutral. in paddy fields, the ph will tend to be neutral due to inundation. in general, this neutral ph value in acidic soils is caused by the addition of ohions from the reduction of fe3+ to fe2+. whereas in alkaline-reacting soils, the decrease in soil ph by flooding occurs due to the presence of ohions produced by the reduction reaction of co2 gas with h2o. setyorini and abdulrachman (2009) stated that the ph of paddy fields (flooded soil) is caused by several factors such as changes in ferrous to ferrous, sulfate to sulfide, carbon dioxide to methane and accumulation of ammonium. plant growth for plant height and number of tillers, the application of rice husk biochar and coffee bean husk biochar did not have a significant effect. this can be caused by the seed gene factor, where the seeds used are superior seeds so that the vegetative growth of plants is relatively the same. in addition, the nature of biochar itself is not much different from the nature of organic matter, which releases nutrients slowly, so that the effect is less visible on plant growth in the first growing season. however, it can be seen in table 5. and table 6. with the addition of biochar, the value was higher than the control although not significantly different. for plant p, the application of biochar rice husk and coffee bean husk also gave an effect that was not significantly different. all plants showed very high plant p content both in the  issn 2302-9625 agripreneur, vol.10, no. 1 june 2021: pp 35-48 42 control treatment and with the application of rice husk and coffee bean husk biochar with various doses given. however, for plant zn, it showed a significant effect between the control and the administration of biochar. the administration of coffee bean husk biochar was significantly higher than that of rice husk biochar. however, all treatments showed plant zn levels in optimum conditions. when viewed from the overall p and zn levels of the plant, the best treatment was with rice husk biochar treatment of 30 tons/ha. because in this treatment, the p of the plant was closer to the optimum level while the zn of the plant was at the optimum level. 4. conclusion the application of rice husk biochar and coffee bean husks in p saturated lowland soils had a significant effect on plant zn levels, but had no significant effect on soil available p, soil zn hcl, and plant p levels. coffee bean husk biochar has more potential to increase plant zn levels compared to rice husk biochar. the difference in biochar dosage did not significantly affect p and zn nutrients and rice plants in p saturated lowland soils. 5. reference sumaryanto, s. friyatno, dan b. irawan. 2001. konversi lahan sawah kepenggunaan non pertanian dan dampak negatifnya. dalam prosiding seminar nasional multifungsi lahan sawah. bogor. pusat penelitian dan pengembangan tanah dan agroklimat. hal. 1-18. gani, a. 2009. potensi arang hayati “biochar” sebagai komponen teknologi perbaikan produktivitas lahan pertanian. iptek tanaman pangan. 4 (1) : 33-45. lehmann, j., and joseph. 2009. biochar for enviromental management : science and technology. sterling, va. earthscan. prasetyo, h.p., j. s. adiningsih, k. subagyono, dan r.d.m. simanungkalit. 2004. mineralogi, kimia, fisika, dan biologi lahan sawah. hlm. 29-82 dalam tanah sawah dan teknologi pengelolaannya. pusat penelitian dan pengembangan tanah dan agroklimat, badan litbang pertanian. hanafiah, k. a. 2005. dasar-dasar ilmu tanah. raja grafindo persada. jakarta. hardjowigeno, s dan l. rayes. 2005. tanah sawah. karakteristik, kondisi dan permasalahan tanah sawah di indonesia. bayumedia publishing. malang, jawa timur ijece agripreneur, 9 (2) (2020) pp. 58-65 journal homepage: www.iocscience.org/ejournal/index.php/agripreneur published by: iocscience agripreneur : jurnal pertanian agribisnis journal homepage: www.iocscience.org/ejournal/index.php/agripreneur capital capability analysis of coffee business (case study: sitolu bahal village, lintongnihuta district, humbang hasundutan regency) trisya hongsiana nainggolan agribusiness program study faculty of agriculture, university of north sumatra, medan 20155, indonesia trisyahngl@gmail.com abstract this study aims to analyze the social and economic characteristics of coffee farmers, the annual capital requirements of each coffee farmer, methods and sources of capital procurement for coffee farmers, the amount of allocation of funds received by farmers from their income for further farming capital, as well as the role of the government in strengthening the capital of coffee farmers in indonesia. research areas. the results showed that the social characteristics of the farmers, namely the average education condition of the sample farmers was 11 years, the tenure / status of farmer's land ownership of their own land, family inherited land, profit sharing land and leased land, farmers ' openness to access to capital was 29, 30% choose to borrow from formal institutions, namely banks and cus and 13.80% choose to borrow from non-formal institutions, namely family or fellow farmers, and economic characteristics, namely the total income of farmers are idr 18,526,254 per year; the capital requirements needed by farmers in conducting coffee farming are idr 3,017,170 per year; the method and source of farmers' capital procurement come from their own capital by 56.90%, from cu 27.60%, from friends/fellow farmers by 10.35%, from toke by 3. 45% and from banks by 1.72% from the total of all samples; sample farmers can allocate as much as 39.2% of their income for further farming capital; the government's role in strengthening capital in desa sitolu bahal is only in the form of fertilizer subsidies which are channeled through official fertilizer kiosks and farmer groups at prices that are cheaper than non-subsidized fertilizers. keywords: capital, coffee, farming 1. introduction indonesia is known as an agricultural country, which means that the agricultural sector plays a role in national economic development. in short, the contribution of the agricultural sector is reflected in its contribution to the formation of the national gross domestic product (gdp), employment, exports of agricultural products and contributes many benefits to the country in meeting food supplies. the agricultural sub-sector consists of the food crop sector, the plantation sector, the forestry sector, the fishery sector and the livestock sector. the plantation sub-sector is one of the sub-sectors that has experienced the most consistent growth, both in terms of area and production. as one of the important sub-sectors in the agricultural sector, the plantation sub-sector has traditionally had a significant contribution to the indonesian economy. one of the leading commodities in the plantation sub-sector is coffee. coffee is a product that has good market opportunities both domestically and abroad. indonesia is an important coffee producing country. bps data shows that the area of coffee plantations in indonesia in 2019 managed by large companies was only around 42,500 ha, while the area of smallholder coffee plantations reached 1.2 million ha. mailto:trisyahngl@gmail.com agripreneur: jurnal pertanian agribisnis issn 2302-9625  trisya hongsiana nainggolan analysis of coffee farming capital capability (case study: sitolu bahal village, lintongnihuta district, humbang hasundutan regency) 59 in general, most of the problems faced by farmers are not being able to finance their business. although various efforts have been made by the government through the ministry of agriculture with the strategic plan of the ministry of agriculture for 2015–2019 in providing assistance in the form of access to capital such as the rural agribusiness development (puap) policy, the development of credit schemes with guarantees or people's business credit (kur), subsidies for fertilizers and seeds to the relevant official agencies. however, this does not completely overcome the capital difficulties for farmers (mandry, 2012). the availability of capital sources that can be accessed by farmers is still very limited, so that the purchase of farming inputs is sometimes adjusted to the available own capital. this results in the achievement of farming production that is less than optimal. agricultural capital in a broad sense is a factor of production that is channeled, managed and controlled in economic activities in the agricultural sector and is one of the sectors of the national economy. agricultural capital can be in the form of cash or in the form of goods used in agricultural production activities, such as seeds and agricultural machinery. farming capital has the meaning of production factors that are provided, processed and controlled in a large-scale farm or small-scale or simple farm (kadarsan, 1992). farming science is usually defined as the study of how a person allocates existing resources effectively and efficiently to obtain high profits at a certain time (soekartawi, 2006). farming can be said to be effective if farmers can allocate the resources they have as well as possible, and are said to be efficient if the utilization of these resources produces outputs that exceed inputs. (hendayana et al., 2009) stated that the main problems faced by farmers are weak capital, while accessibility to sources of capital, markets, and technology) and farmer organizations are still weak. this low level of capital control makes the level of technology adoption at the farmer level low, which results in low farm productivity. thus, it is not uncommon to find that lack of capital is an obstacle for farmers to fully implement technologies and develop their farms (omobolanle and olu, 2006). farming activities are influenced by several factors. one of the influencing factors is the socio-economic factors of farmers including age, education level, farming experience, number of family dependents and land ownership (tambunan, 2003). production costs are the total costs incurred to meet production needs in the form of services or goods (wanda, 2015). production costs can be classified on the basis of the relationship  issn 2302-9625 agripreneur, vol.9, no. desember 2, 2020: pp 58-65 60 between changes in production volume, namely fixed costs and variable costs. fixed costs are costs whose size is not affected by the size of production, while variable costs are types of costs whose size is related to the size of production. in coffee farming, the fixed costs include land rent, equipment depreciation costs and capital interest payments; while variable costs include costs for purchasing seeds, fertilizers, medicines and labor costs. revenue in farming is the total income received by producers or farmers from production activities that have been carried out which have generated money that has not been deducted by costs incurred during production (husni, et al., 2014). according to ambarsari et al. (2014) revenue is the result of multiplying the production results that have been produced during the production process with the selling price of the product. farming revenue is influenced by several factors, including: the area of the farm, the amount of production, the type and price of the farming commodity being cultivated. these factors are directly proportional, so that if one factor increases or decreases, it can affect the income received by producers or farmers who do farming. the larger the area of land owned by farmers, the more their production results will be, so that the income that will be received by producers or farmers is even greater (sundari, 2011). 2. research methods the research area was set in sitolu bahal village, lintongnihuta district, humbang hasundutan regency. the research area was determined purposively. the selection of the purposive method was carried out with consideration, because sitolu bahal village is one of the villages with the largest coffee plantation land in lintongnihuta district, humbang hasundutan regency. the population in this study were all farmers who cultivate coffee in sitolu bahal village. the total population of farmers in this study was 345. the data collected in this study consisted of primary data and secondary data. primary data is a source of data obtained directly from the field, either by interview, direct observation in the field or filling out questionnaires by respondents. secondary data is data obtained from other relevant sources such as the office of the village head of sitolu bahal, the department of agriculture and plantation of humbang hasundutan regency, the central bureau of statistics of north sumatra, the office of the agricultural extension agency of humbang hasundutan regency and other related agencies that can support the completeness of the data. in this research. the analysis used in this research is descriptive. agripreneur: jurnal pertanian agribisnis issn 2302-9625  trisya hongsiana nainggolan analysis of coffee farming capital capability (case study: sitolu bahal village, lintongnihuta district, humbang hasundutan regency) 61 3. results and discussion 3.1 farmers' social and economic characteristics the sample farmers in question are all farmers who cultivate coffee as a staple crop in their land in sitolu bahal village, lintongnihuta district, humbang hasundutan regency. the social characteristics in this study are the level of education of farmers, land ownership status and openness of farmers to access to capital. while the economic characteristics in this study include sources of income received by farmers from both the agricultural sector and the nonagricultural sector. a. farmer education level based on the research that has been done, the education level of the sample farmers in this study can be classified as follows: table 1. distribution of sample farmers by education level in sitolu bahal village, lintongnihuta district, humbang hasundutan regency. no level of education amount (soul) percentage (%) 1 sd 7 12.1 2 junior high school 13 22.4 3 senior high school 30 51.7 4 bachelor 8 13.8 total 58 100 in table 1 it can be seen that most of the sample farmers have a final high school education level with a total of 30 samples or equivalent to 51.7% of the total sample farmers. the average state of education of the sample farmers in sitolu bahal village is 11 years or equivalent to the high school level. with adequate educational conditions, farmers in sitolu bahal village have a fairly good ability in managing their farming. b. land ownership status based on the research conducted, the land ownership status used by the sample farmers can be classified as follows: table 2. distribution of sample farmers by land ownership status in sitolu bahal village, lintongnihuta district, humbang hasundutan regency. no ownership status land amount (soul) percentage (%) 1 one's own 43 74.14 2 family legacy 11 18.97 3 profit sharing 1 1.72 4 rent 3 5.17 total 58 100  issn 2302-9625 agripreneur, vol.9, no. desember 2, 2020: pp 58-65 62 table 2 explains that most of the agricultural land in sitolu bahal village is owned by the farmers themselves with a total of 43 farmers or equivalent to 74.14% of the total sample farmers. c. farmers' openness to capital access based on the research that has been done, the openness of farmers to access to capital in sitolu bahal village is classified as not good. it can be seen based on research that most farmers only use their own capital in doing their farming. therefore, the provision of production inputs is also adjusted to the available capital, so that farming does not develop. even though there are sources of capital available from formal institutions, such as kur, farmers have not been able to fully access this capital and most of this is due to fairly strict procedures. this can be seen based on the source of the sample farmer loans in table 3 below: table 3. data on sample farmer loan institutions in sitolu bahal village, lintongnihuta district, humbang hasundutan regency. no loan source amount (soul) percentage (%) 1 formal institution 17 29.30 2 non-formal institution 8 13.80 3 not making loans 33 56.90 total 58 100 based on table 3, it can be seen that the sample farmers prefer not to make loans to both formal and non-formal institutions with a total of 33 farmers or equivalent to 56.9% of the total sample. d. income based on direct interviews with sample farmers, information was obtained that their source of income came from farming and non-farming activities. their main source of income is coffee farming. in addition, the sample farmers also cultivate by-products, namely chili, potatoes, cabbage, rice and corn. the distribution of income sources of sample farmers can be classified as follows: table 4. distribution of income sources of sample farmers in sitolu bahal village, lintongnihuta district, humbang hasundutan regency no income source number (soul) percentage (%) 1 coffee 14 24.13 2 coffee, driver 1 1.72 3 coffee, entrepreneur 1 1.72 4 coffee, retired civil servant 1 1.72 5 coffee, chili 6 10.34 6 coffee, chili, civil servants 2 3.45 agripreneur: jurnal pertanian agribisnis issn 2302-9625  trisya hongsiana nainggolan analysis of coffee farming capital capability (case study: sitolu bahal village, lintongnihuta district, humbang hasundutan regency) 63 7 coffee, chili, merchant 1 1.72 8 coffee, chili, driver 1 1.72 9 coffee, chili, merchant, labor 1 1.72 10 coffee, chili, onion pre, merchant 1 1.72 11 coffee, chili, corn 2 3.45 12 coffee, chili, corn, merchant 1 1.72 13 coffee, chili, corn, cabbage, honorary 1 1.72 14 coffee, chili, potato 2 3.50 15 coffee, chili, potato, merchant, honor 1 1.72 16 coffee, chili, cabbage 1 1.72 17 coffee, chili, cabbage, corn, civil servant 1 1.72 18 coffee, chili, cabbage, entrepreneur 1 1.72 19 coffee, chili, cabbage, corn 2 3.50 20 coffee, corn 2 3.50 21 coffee, corn, traders 1 1.72 based on table 4, it is known that most of the farmers cultivate coffee as the main commodity and the only source of income, namely as many as 14 samples or equivalent to 24.13% of the total sample farmers. in addition to coffee plants, farmers also cultivate side crops as an additional source of income. the side crops cultivated are chili, corn, potatoes and cabbage. chili is a side crop that is mostly cultivated by farmers, which is 10.34%. table 5. distribution of average coffee farming income for sample farmers in sitolu bahal village, lintongnihuta district, humbang hasundutan regency no description total (rp) 1 reception 9,773.937 2 production cost 1,859,366 3 income 7,914,571 based on table 5, it can be seen that the revenue result is influenced by the amount of production produced and the selling price of the product. the average coffee production is 22 coffee, corn, chili, merchant 1 1.72 23 coffee, corn, chili, onion pre 1 1.72 24 coffee, potato 2 3.50 25 coffee, potato, merchant 1 1.72 26 coffee, potatoes, labor farmer 1 1.72 27 coffee, potato, chili 1 1.72 28 coffee, potato, cabbage, chili, honor 1 1.72 29 coffee, cabbage 3 5.18 30 coffee, cabbage, traders 1 1.72 31 coffee, cabbage, honors 1 1.72 32 coffee, cabbage, onions pre 1 1.72 33 coffee, cabbage, chili 2 3.50 34 coffee, cabbage, chili, labor farmer 1 1.72 amount 58 100  issn 2302-9625 agripreneur, vol.9, no. desember 2, 2020: pp 58-65 64 585 kg with an average land area of 0.60 ha. the selling price of coffee is in the range of 16,000-17,000 per kg. the costs incurred by farmers in doing coffee farming are the costs for fertilizers of rp. and the cost for pbb is rp.26,862. thus, the average income of farmers is rp. 7,914,571 per year. 3.2 coffee farmers' capital needs table 6. average capital needs of coffee farmers in sitolu bahal village, lintongnihuta district, humbang hasundutan regency. no descrip ion amount 1 fixed cost (fc) land lease 1,200,000.00 tool shrink 359,788.94 un 26,862.06 2 variable cost (vc) fertilizer 994,698.28 pesticide 104.787.23 labor 331.034.48 total 3,017.170.99 based on table 6, it can be seen that to carry out coffee farming, farmers must prepare capital consisting of fixed costs and variable costs. fixed costs are costs that must be paid by farmers in a year and do not change with the increase or decrease in coffee production consisting of land rent costs, equipment depreciation costs, and pbb costs. meanwhile, variable costs are costs incurred by farmers which can change with the increase or decrease in coffee production consisting of fertilizer costs, pesticide costs, and labor costs. so that the total capital needed by farmers in doing coffee farming is idr 3,017,170 per year. 4. conclusion the social and economic characteristics of the sample farmers, namely the average education condition of the sample farmers is 11 years. tenure / land ownership status of farmers consists of own land, family inherited land, profit sharing land and leased land. the openness of farmers to access to capital is 29.30% choosing to make loans to formal institutions, namely banks and cus and 13.80% choosing to borrow from non-formal institutions, namely family or fellow farmers. the total income of farmers comes from agriculture and non-agriculture, with a total income of rp. 18,526,254 per year. the capital requirement for farmers to do coffee farming is idr 3,017,170 per year. reference amisan, ronaldo esayas, o. esry h. laoh, gene h. m. kapantow. 2017. analisis pendapatan usahatani kopi di desa purwerejo timur, kecamatan modayag, kabupaten bolaang mongondow timur. sulawesi utara juliani, i. 2020. analisis nilai tambah pengolahan kopi peaberry robusta pinabar sipirok kelurahan pasar sipirok, kecamatan sipirok, kabupaten tapanuli selatan. skripsi program sarjana agribisnis fakultas pertanian universitas sumatera utara. medan agripreneur: jurnal pertanian agribisnis issn 2302-9625  trisya hongsiana nainggolan analysis of coffee farming capital capability (case study: sitolu bahal village, lintongnihuta district, humbang hasundutan regency) 65 kadarsan, h. 1992. keuangan pertanian dan pembiayaan perusahaan agribisnis. jakarta: pt gramedia kumaladevi, marandita ayun, lasmono tri sunaryanto. 2019. pengaruh karakteristik sosial ekonomi terhadap pendapatan petani kopi di desa bageng kecamatan gembong kabupaten pati. jawa tengah listyawan, ardi nugraha. 2011. pengaruh modal usaha, tingkat pendidikan, dan sikap kewirausahaan terhadap pendapatan usaha pengusaha industri kerajinan perak di desa sodo kecamatan paliyan kabupaten gunung kidul. universitas negeri yogyakarta. margono, 2004. metodologi penelitian pendidikan. jakarta: rineka cipta. mislini, 2006. analisis jaringan komunikasi pada kelompok swadaya masyarakat. kasus ksm di desa taman sari, kabupaten bogor, provinsi jawa barat. tesis program pasca sarjana institut pertanian bogor. bogor mulyadi, s. 2012. ekonomi sumber daya manusia dalam prespektif pembangunan, jakartaa: rajawali pers najiyati, sri dan danarti. 2007. kopi: budidaya dan penanganan pasca panen. jakarta: penebar swadaya rahardjo, p. 2012. panduan budidaya dan pengolahan kopi arabika dan robusta. jakarta: penerbar swadaya soekartawi. 2003. teori ekonomi produksi dengan pokok bahasan analisis fungsi cobbdouglass. jakarta: pt raja grafindo persada soekartawi. 1989. prinsip dasar ekonomi pertanian. teori dan aplikasinya. jakarta: penerbit rajawali soekartawi, 2006. analisis usahatani. jakarta: ui-press sujarweni, v wiratna. 2014. metodologi penelitian. yogyakarta: pustaka baru press suratiyah, k. 2006. ilmu usahatani. jakarta: penebar swadaya tjakrawiralaksana, a. (1983). usahatani. departemen ilmu-ilmu sosial ekonomi pertanian fakultas pertanian institut pertanian bogor: bogor wanda, f. f. e. 2015. analisis pendapatan usahatani jeruk siam (studi kasus di desa padang pangrapat kecamatan tanah grogot kabupaten pasar). ejournal ilmu administrasi bisnis. kalimatan timur. ijece agripreneur,9 (1) (2020) pp. 08-15 journal homepage:www.iocscience.org/ejournal/index.php/agripreneur published by:iocscience agripreneur : journal of agribusiness agriculture journal homepage:www.iocscience.org/ejournal/index.php/agripreneur feasibility analysis of gourami growing business (case study: kota galuh village, serdang bedagai regency) athalla ariq trianda agribusiness study program faculty of agriculture, university of north sumatra, medan 20155, indonesia athallaat@gmail.com abstract the purpose of this study was to identify the availability of inputs (land, capital, labor, seeds, feed) for the gouramy business and to find out whether the gouramy rearing business was feasible or not feasible to develop in the research area. the method of determining the research area used is purposive. the analytical method used is break event point (bep) and r/c ratio. the results showed: production inputs such as (land, capital, seeds, labor, seedlings, feed) were available and based on the feasibility analysis, the gouramy rearing business was declared feasible because production volume > production bep, price > bep price, and r/c > 1. keywords :feasibility analysis, business feasibility, gourami. 1. introduction gouramy (osphronemus gouramy) is a type of freshwater fish that is scaly and is usually cultivated in ponds, has a wide body, flattened length, dense flesh, large spines, delicious and savory taste. there are several types of gourami that are commonly kept by fish cultivators in indonesia, including: gourami soang (goose), gourami bastar and gourami padang. these types are distinguished based on the characteristics possessed by each type, both in color, body size, growth rate, and the number of eggs produced (sitanggang and sarwono, 2002). in fish farming, the role of feasibility studies for agribusiness plays an important role, especially when it is associated with such a large investment. without a study of the feasibility study consisting of various disciplines of course the business that is developed will not be as optimal as expected. based on its understanding, feasibility study is an art of assembling, combining and analyzing an overall investment plan on the influencing factors between multi-disciplines, so as to produce the desired output, which is feasible and not feasible for the investment. thus, a fish farming business must have a feasibility study, both hatchery and enlargement. as an illustration of the feasibility study of fishery agribusiness in this paper is the cultivation of carp (malawat, 2017). according to umar (2005), a business feasibility study is a research on a business plan that not only analyzes whether or not a business is feasible or not, but also when it is operated regularly in order to achieve maximum profit for an indefinite period of time. mailto:athallaat@gmail.com agripreneur: journal of agribusiness agriculture issn 2302-9625  athalla ariq trianda feasibility analysis of gourami raising business (case study: kota galuh village, serdang bedagai regency) 9 a feasibility study is a material for consideration in making a decision, whether to accept or reject a planned business idea/project. the definition of feasible in the feasibility study assessment is the possibility that the business idea / project to be implemented will provide benefits, both in the financial sense and in the sense of social benefits (ibrahim, 2009). bustami and nurlela (2007: 208) bep analysis is a method or technique used by a company manager to find out on the volume (amount) of sales and production volumes whether a company in question does not suffer losses and does not make a profit. revenue cost ratio is a feasibility analysis test with a comparison between total income and total costs incurred. the criteria used in this analysis are if the r/c value > 1, the business is said to be profitable and feasible to operate, because the amount of income is greater than the amount of costs incurred, and vice versa. 2. research methods the determination of the research area was carried out purposively or intentionally, namely in kota galuh village, perbaungan district, serdang bedagai regency. this is done because kota galuh village, perbaungan district, serdang bedagai regency is one of the places for cultivating gourami. the technique of taking samples is not based on random, regional or strata, but based on considerations that focus on certain goals. the number of samples used in this study was 1 fish farmer in the research area. the data obtained in this study consisted of primary data and secondary data. primary data were obtained from direct interviews using a questionnaire with gouramy farmers. and secondary data were obtained from government agencies, such as the plantation office of the north sumatra province government. to solve problem 1, it was tested using a descriptive method, by observing the extent of the availability of inputs (land, labor, seeds, feed, capital) in the research area. to solve problem 2, it is tested by using break event point (bep) and r/c ratio calculations. 3. results and discussion 3.1 availability of inputs (land, capital, labor, seeds, and feed) for gourami business a. land make observations in advance of the land and cultivation locations and make sure the location is far from industrial areas, settlements, and free of waste or pollution. clean the area from rocks and wild plants, the land used for making the smallest pond with a size of about 4 x 6 m and normally 10 x 10 m with a pond depth of about 100 to 150 cm. drains were also made at the bottom of the pool to make it easier to drain the pool and a small ditch  issn 2302-9625 agripreneur, vol.9, no. 1 june 2020: pp 08-15 10 15 cm deep and 10 cm wide was made around the pool. the cultivation location must have a temperature and water quality according to the gouramy habitat. gouramy growth is good in areas with a temperature of 25o-28oc. to stabilize the ph in the pond, liming will be carried out using agricultural lime, a good ph for growing gourami is around 7 to 8. b. capital the capital needed in the cultivation of gouramy is land capital, pond capital, feed capital, care and seed capital of gouramy. c. labor manpower is an important component and plays a direct role in business activities. the highly selected workforce is very influential on the tilapia enlargement business being carried out. the workforce used should be honest, diligent, creative, highly dedicated, and responsible. the use of labor from the family is often applied by cultivators who are just starting a business. the workforce used can also come from the area or location where the business is carried out. d. seeds in the cultivation of gourami enlargement, you must choose seeds that are ready for cultivation, the seeds must also have good quality, such as the following: to sow gouramy seeds, it is necessary to prepare about 15-20 fish per meter. the water in the pool is filled first until it reaches a height of 100-150 cm. seedlings that are ready for cultivation have a size of about 5 cm. choose seeds with colors that are not pale and not physically disabled or diseased. put the seeds into the pond with bury it with the container first for 15 minutes. open the lid of the seedling container and let the seeds come out by themselves, after that do the maintenance of the seeds by giving them feed in the form of pellets. e. feed feed is all ingredients that can be given and are beneficial for fish and do not cause negative effects on the fish body. the feed given must be of high quality, which contains substances needed by the fish's body in life such as protein, carbohydrates, vitamins, fats, and minerals. feed itself is a very important commodity for fish. the nutrients contained in the feed are utilized by fish to meet the basic needs of life and fish production. 3.2 feasibility analysis of gourami raising business a. cost analysis of gourami raising business in kota galuh village, perbaungan district, serdang berdagai regency the amount of pbb costs in the business of growing gourami during the production period (1 year) is rp. for more details regarding pbb costs, see table 1. agripreneur: journal of agribusiness agriculture issn 2302-9625  athalla ariq trianda feasibility analysis of gourami raising business (case study: kota galuh village, serdang bedagai regency) 11 table 1. cost of land and building tax (pbb) for gourami enlargement business during the production period (1 year) in kota galuh village sample land (m2) total pbb cost (rp/year) 1 5200 250,000 total 250,000 the amount of depreciation expense for equipment in the gouramy rearing business during the production period (1 year) is rp. 341,000 per year. for more details regarding the depreciation costs of tools and equipment can be seen in table 5.2. table 2. total cost of depreciation for gourami enlargement business equipment during the production period (1 year) in kota galuh village. no equipment type economic age (years) purchase price cost of depreciation percentage (%) 1. water pump 6 1,500,000 200,000 58.65 2. pipe 10 640,000 61,000 17.89 3. net 5 170,000 30,000 8.80 4. bucket 3 150,000 50,000 14.66 total 2,310,000 341,000 100 based on table 2, it can be seen that the largest percentage of equipment depreciation in the gouramy rearing business is the depreciation cost of water pump equipment, which is rp. 200,000 with a percentage of 58.65% and the lowest is the depreciation cost of net equipment, which is rp. 30,000 with a percentage of 8 ,80% of the total cost of the tool. in an effort to grow gouramy, the supporting materials needed are seeds, feed, saponin poison and electricity. the cost of supporting materials in the gouramy rearing business during the production period (1 year) is idr 226,025,000 per year. for more details can be seen in table 3. table 3. total supporting materials for gourami enlargement business during the production period (1 year) in kota galuh village. no type of supporting material total cost (rp/year) percentage (%) 1. seeds 23,200,000 10.26 2. feed 194.340.000 85.98 3. saponin poison 85,000 0.04 4. electricity 8,400,000 3.72 total 226,025,000 100 based on table 3, it can be seen that the highest percentage of the use of supporting materials  issn 2302-9625 agripreneur, vol.9, no. 1 june 2020: pp 08-15 12 in the gouramy rearing business is the cost of feed, which is rp. 194,340,000 with a percentage of 85.98%. sources of labor in the organization of the gouramy rearing business in kota galuh village use internal workers (tkdk) and outside family workers (tklk). this outpouring of labor from outside and within the family includes activities ranging from seed distribution, maintenance, to harvesting. in calculating labor costs, the working person's day (hok) is used, where in one effective working day is calculated 8 hours of work. for more details regarding the amount of labor costs inside and outside the family can be seen in table 4. table 4. total labor costs for gourami raising business during the production period (1 year) in galuh . kota village no type of activity total cost (rp/year) percentage (%) 1. spreading seeds 60,000 0.40 2. maintenance 14,600,000 97.99 3. harvest 240,000 1.61 total 14,900,000 100 from the descriptions of these costs, the variable cost of the gouramy rearing business during the production period (1 year) in kota galuh village is rp. 14,900,000 per year. for more details on this variable cost can be seen in table 5. table 5. total variable costs for gourami raising business during the production period (1 year) in kota galuh village). no cost description total cost (rp/year) percentage (%) 1. supporting material 226,025,000 93.82 2. labor 14,900,000 6.18 total 240,925,000 100 based on table 5, it can be seen that the largest percentage of the variable cost components in the gouramy rearing business is the cost of supporting materials, which is 93.82% and the rest is labor costs, which is 6.18%. total cost is the result of the sum of fixed costs and variable costs. this analysis is used to determine the total costs incurred by gouramy farmers during the production period (1 year) in kota galuh village. the total cost incurred by farmers in the gouramy rearing business during the production period (1 year) in kota galuh village is rp. 241,516,000 per year. for more details regarding the total cost of the gouramy rearing business, see table 6. table 6. total cost of gourami raising business during the production period (1 year) in kota galuh village. no cost description total cost (rp/year) percentage (%) 1. fixed cost 591,000 0.24 2. variable cost 240,925,000 99.76 agripreneur: journal of agribusiness agriculture issn 2302-9625  athalla ariq trianda feasibility analysis of gourami raising business (case study: kota galuh village, serdang bedagai regency) 13 total 241.516.000 100 based on table 5.7, it can be seen that the total cost of the gouramy rearing business during the production period (1 year) in kota galuh village is dominated by variable costs, namely 99.76% and the remaining fixed costs are 0.24%. 3.3 income analysis a. total revenue (total return) total revenue (total return) is the multiplication between the production of gouramy obtained by farmers and the selling price of gouramy during this research. this analysis is used to determine the total revenue from the gouramy business during the production period (1 year) in kota galuh village. the production of gouramy obtained by farmers during the production period (1 year) is 14,500 kg per year, where the prevailing price at the time of the study is rp. 30,000 per kg, so the revenue from the enlargement of gouramy is rp. 435,000,000 per year. table 7. revenue from gourami raising business during the production period (1 year) in kota galuh . village no. gourami production (kg) price/kg reception 1. 14,500 30,000 435,000,000 total 14,500 30,000 435,000,000 b. income income is the amount of income that gouramy farmers get from the business they run. can be seen in table 8. table 8. total income of gourami raising business during the production period (1 year) in kota galuh village. no cost description total cost (rp) 1. admission (tr) 435,000,000 2. total cost (tc) 241.516.000 total income 193,484,000 based on table 8, it can be seen that in the gouramy business during the production period (1 year) in kota galuh village, the revenue obtained by gouramy farmers is rp. 435,000,000 per year and the total cost incurred by gouramy farmers is rp. 241,516,000. per year while the income earned by gourami farmers in kota galuh village is rp. 193,484,000 per year. 3.4 feasibility analysis to assess a gouramy rearing business in order to obtain a basic benchmark for financial feasibility, an analytical method has been developed with certain criteria. thus, the financial feasibility criteria is a tool for whether a business being carried out is feasible or not. the  issn 2302-9625 agripreneur, vol.9, no. 1 june 2020: pp 08-15 14 analysis of the feasibility of the gouramy business being carried out is certainly very helpful for the gouramy farmers to continue their business. a. bep production volume the results showed that the production volume was 8,050 kg, where the production was greater than the bep production volume (14,500 > 8050) then the fish rearing business was declared feasible. b. bep production price the results showed that the production price was rp. 16,656 where the price of gouramy was greater than the bep of the production price (rp. 30,000 > rp. 16,656), so the gouramy rearing business was declared feasible. c. feasibility analysis with r/c ratio from the results of data processing on the gouramy rearing business during the production period (1 year) in kota galuh village, it shows that the r/c ratio value obtained by gouramy farmers is 1.80, where r/c > 1 (1.80 > 1) means the effort is feasible. 4. conclusion production inputs such as (land, capital, seedling, labor, seedling, feed) are available in the research area. based on the feasibility analysis, the gouramy rearing business was declared feasible because the production volume > bep production, price > bep price, and r/c > 1. reference cahyono b. 2000. budidaya ikan air tawar. kanisius. yogyakarta dahuri, r. 2000. pemberdayaan sumberdaya kelautan untuk kese-jahteraan rakyat. lispiditjen. pesisir pantai dan pulau-pulau kecil, dep. kelautan dan perikanan. dyckman, thomas r., roland e. dukes, charles j. davis, 2002. akuntansi intermediate, edisi kesepuluh, jilid i, terjemahan emil salim. jakarta: erlangga ibrahim, yacob. 2009. studi kelayakan bisnis. jakarta: pt rineka cipta. irawan, p. b., zulfanita dan i. a. wicaksono. 2012. analisis usaha pembenihan gurami (osphronemus gouramy lacepede) di desa kaliurip kecamatan bener kabupaten purworejo. surya agritama, 1 (2) : 24-33. kasmir. (2010). pengantar manajemen keuangan. jakarta: kencana prenada media group khairuman dan amri, k., (2005), pembenihan dan pembesaran gurami secara intensif, agromedia pustaka, jakarta. malawat, s. m. 2017. analisis kelayakan agribisnis usaha budidaya ikan gurami (osphronemus gouramy lac.) di kabupaten asahan m. sitanggang dan b. sarwono. budi daya gurami. jakarta :penebar swadaya 2011. agripreneur: journal of agribusiness agriculture issn 2302-9625  athalla ariq trianda feasibility analysis of gourami raising business (case study: kota galuh village, serdang bedagai regency) 15 sadono, sukirno. 2006. ekonomi pembangunan: proses, masalah, dan dasar kebijakan. jakarta: prenada media group. soekartawi. (1994). teori ekonomi produksi dengan pokok bahasan analisis fungsi cobbdouglas. jakarta :pt raja grafindo persada. ijece agripreneur, 10 (1) (2021) pp. 28-34 journal homepage: www. iocscience.org/ejournal/index.php/ agripreneur published by: iocscience agripreneur: jurnal pertanian agribisnis journal homepage: www.iocscience.org/ejournal/index.php/ agripreneur analysis of genetic diversity of palm oil plant (elaeis guineensis jacq.) palm oil research center (ppks) based on primary ssr (simple sequence repeats) riski aulia agrotechnology study program faculty of agriculture, university of north sumatra, medan 2016, indonesia riskiaulia@gmail.com abstract the background of this research was to obtain information of genetic diversity within and among populations of e. guineensis using ssr markers. this research was conduted in biology molecular laboratory, indonesian oil palm research institute, marihat, pematangsiantar, north sumatra from march 2016 to january 2017. a total of 100 palm oil samples used in this research, including 20 samples from the populations of e. guineensis tr01s, including 20 samples from the populations of e. guineensis bj022s, including 20 samples from the populations of e. guineensis bj42s, including 20 samples from the populations of e. guineensis bo52s, and including 20 samples from the populations of e. guineensis ma19s. calculation and desciptive analysis in this research using software genemarker® version 2.40, software darwin version 6.0.13 and microsoft excel 2007. research shows that the number of banding patterns detected 104 the banding patterns with range 8-9 per primary banding pattern, and the size of the banding patterns ranging from 101 bp -328 bp. megcir2569 primary is the most widely primer to amplify dna and the average of the percentage of polymorphism in the primer being used by 71%. analysis dendogram 100 samples all 3 hearts big group of jatropha genetic with between yang ranged from 0.03 to 1.00 based on the findings of the analysis of genetic relationships with matrix method using differences simple matching value factorial analysis (pcoa) declared with axis i and axis ii on 12 primary ssr of 20.3%. megcir2569 primary is the most widely primer to amplify dna and the average of the percentage of polymorphism in the primer being used by 71%. analysis dendogram 100 samples all 3 hearts big group of jatropha genetic with between yang ranged from 0.03 to 1.00 based on the findings of the analysis of genetic relationships with matrix method using differences simple matching value factorial analysis (pcoa) declared with axis i and axis ii on 12 primary ssr of 20.3%. megcir2569 primary is the most widely primer to amplify dna and the average of the percentage of polymorphism in the primer being used by 71%. analysis dendogram 100 samples all 3 hearts big group of jatropha genetic with between yang ranged from 0.03 to 1.00 based on the findings of the analysis of genetic relationships with matrix method using differences simple matching value factorial analysis (pcoa) declared with axis i and axis ii on 12 primary ssr of 20.3%. keywords: genetic diversity, ppks oil palm, ssr primers. agripreneur: jurnal pertanian agribisnis issn 2302-9625  harahap parlaungan-use of several plant powders to control the golden snail pomacea canaliculata lamarck (mollusca: ampullariidae) on rice plants in the greenhouse 29 1. introduction indonesia is the largest palm oil producer in the world with a total production of 24 million tons of crude palm oil in 2011, which is equivalent to 52% of the total world production. the total area for oil palm plantations in indonesia reaches 9.1 million hectares with an export value of 19.6 million tons of crude oil (indonesian sustainable palm oil commission, 2012). taking into account the potential of land resources, human resources and the potential of oil palm as well as the geographical location of indonesia, it can be understood that oil palm is one of the mainstay commodities for agro-industry in indonesia. the use of palm oil in indonesia is generally as a raw material for palm oil and most of it is exported as crude palm oil (pangaribuan, 2003). sustainability of production and supply of world palm oil products needs to be maintained with more intensive breeding through genetic diversity studies to ensure that high-yielding planting material is available for cultivation. an understanding of genetic diversity and its relationship to oil palm germplasm material is very important in selecting superior planting material. availability of genetic diversity in germplasm. really helps improve the efficiency of breeding activities that are able to produce the expected selection outcomes (azrai, 2005). oil palm plant breeding is generally constrained by natural problems such as the length of the breeding cycle and the lack of genetic information (asmono, 1998). genetic diversity based on agromorphological information to evaluate genotypic diversity is currently felt to be inadequate. the integration of molecular markers into oil palm breeding programs can be used to solve these natural problems (asmono et al, 1999) as well as to increase efficiency in analysis of kinship, gene mapping, and mas in food crops such as plantation crops such as oil palm. (billote et al. 2005), and forestry and horticultural crops. microsatellites or also known as ssr (simple sequence repeat), are dna strands consisting of several base repeats of 1 to 8 pairs (bredemeijer et al., 1998; narvel et al., 2000). ssr markers are currently still the most popular markers used in genetic studies and breeding because of their various advantages, including their location that is spread throughout the plant genome, multi-allelic, and easily amplified by pcr technique (powel et al. 1996). microsatellite markers have been widely used in plants for fingerprinting, gene mapping, linkage, genetic analysis (singh et al. 2007; sayekti et al. 2015), genotype identification, population genetic studies in plants (singh et al., 2007) , comparing genetics of individuals based on the results of the level of genetic similarity (singh et al, 2007). then grouped based on the level of existing genetic similarity using clustering analysis (zulhermana, 2009) based on the description above, the authors are interested in knowing the genetic information of the oil palm population of e. guineensis, namely the tr01s and bj022s populations representing the progeny population, the bj42s population representing the  issn 2302-9625 agripreneur, vol.10, no. 1 june 2021: pp 28-34 30 wild population introduced from cameroon, the bo52s population representing the male population and the ma19s population representing the female population in the ppks experimental garden. things that can be done to find out the genetic information include analyzing kinship and genetic diversity using the principal coordinat analysis (pcoa) approach and neighbor joining phylogenetic hierarchy analysis based on the dissimilarity simple matching matrix. 2. materials and methods this research was conducted from march 2016 to january 2017 at the molecular biology laboratory of the marihat oil palm research center (ppks), pematangsiantar. the plant material used was white-yellow-green spearhead leaves consisting of 100 individual oil palm plants from 5 oil palm populations, namely tr01s, bj42s, bo52s, ma19s and bj22s with a genetic background of e. gueneensis. the five populations of e. guineensis oil palm were bj22s obtained from ppks experimental garden in bah jambi pt perkebunan nusantara iv, bj42s obtained from ppks experimental garden in bah jambi pt perkebunan nusantara iv, tr01s obtained from ppks experimental garden in tanah raja pt perkebunan nusantara iii, bo52s obtained from the ppks experimental garden in bah jambi. the tools used for molecular biology analysis in this study were tissuelyser (qiagen), pcr bio-rad (cfx96 real-time system), analytical balance (advanturertm – ohaus) electrophoresis, hot plate (barnstead cimarec-thermolyne), magnetic stirrer, erlenmeyer , measuring cup, water bath mgw lauda-rm 6, centrifuge thermo scientific (sorval legend micro 17r), vortex thermolyne (speed control type 37600 mixer),uv translumination (biorad), tungstean carbide beads (qiagen). 3. results and discussion results bunch quality character physical characteristics of the population ffb e. guineensis based on the mean of the observed variables showed that the tr01s progeny population had superior bunch quality characteristics compared to the bj022s progeny population. figure 1 shows the character values of m/f, o/dm, o/b, o/fm, and oer in the tr01s population of 81.73; 79.60; 54.41; 28.59; and 24.39 while in the population of bj022s each were 75.78; 63.01; 28.52; and 24.38. the average difference in the bunch character ratio in the population of tr01s and bj022s is 1.21; 5.95; 16.59; 0.07, and 0.01. in general, the mean ratio of the bunch quality characteristics of the male parent population bo52s, the female parent population ma19s and the wild population bj42s observed that the bo52s population outperformed the ma19s and bj42s populations. figure 1 shows the difference in the characters of m/f, o/dm, o/b, o/fm, and oer between the bo52s and ma19s populations of 3.91; 3.37; 8.36; 2.83; and 2.37 while the difference between the population of bo52s and bj42s is 27.25; 6.77; 10.08; 11.46, and 9.75. agripreneur: jurnal pertanian agribisnis issn 2302-9625  harahap parlaungan-use of several plant powders to control the golden snail pomacea canaliculata lamarck (mollusca: ampullariidae) on rice plants in the greenhouse 31 visualization of amplification results with agaros gel electrophoresis visualization of the amplification results using agaros electrophoresis was performed on several dna amplified pcr-ssr results. the dna visualized was the amplified dna which was chosen randomly so that it represented 100 amplified dna in each primer. the number of amplified dna visualized was 3-4 dna in each primer (appendix 7). this visualization aims for the success of the dna amplification primer so that the amplified dna can be further analyzed with a cappilary sequencer by 1stbase malaysia. dna fragment analysis using a processed cappilary sequencer with genemarker software there were 104 banding patterns produced by the 12 ssr primers used in this study. the average band produced ranged from 8 to 9 band patterns per primer. the highest number of banding patterns were found in the megcir2569 primer with 15 band patterns and the lowest number of band patterns with 4 in the megcir3705 primer. the size of the resulting band varies between 101 bp-328 bp. from the analysis of the fragments, it is known that 1068 dna was amplified by the 12 primers used and 142 dna was not amplified by the 12 primers. the most unamplified dna was found in the megcir3775 primer as many as 46 dna and the most amplified dna was 99 by the megcir2569 primer. the resulting polymorphic bands are 758 bands and the total monomorphic bands are 310 bands. the percentage of polymorphism bands of dna amplified by the 12 primers used varied between 7%-100% with an average polymorphism of 71%. the highest percentage of polymorphisms was found in the megcir3775 primer, which was 100% and the lowest polymorphism percentage was found in the megcir3705 primer, which was 7%. table 1 dna fragment analysis data using cappilary sequencer processed with gene marker software no primary ribbon size total ribbon pattern total dna amplified total dna not amplified amount polymorphic number of ribbons monomorphic percentage polymorphic tape 1 megcir2569 237-260 15 99 1 91 8 92% 2 megcir3705 101-108 4 90 10 6 84 7% 3 megcir0782 170-200 10 92 8 34 58 37% 4 megcir3691 197-212 8 94 6 71 23 76% 5 megcir3433 258-270 8 86 14 72 14 84% 6 megcir3400 156-178 9 91 9 55 36 60% 7 megcir3555 138-158 10 90 10 86 4 96% 8 megcir2224 118-125 7 94 6 92 2 98% 9 megcir3775 197-208 9 64 46 64 0 100% 10 megcir0783 307-328 11 87 13 55 32 63% 11 megcir2347 161-175 6 90 10 75 15 83% 12 megcir3213 103-117 7 91 9 57 34 63% total 104 1068 142 758 310 858% average 8.7 89 11.83 63.17 25.83 71% note: the numbers followed by the same letter notation in the same column are not significantly different according to duncan's test at the 5% level  issn 2302-9625 agripreneur, vol.10, no. 1 june 2021: pp 28-34 32 binary data from the amplification scoring of 12 primers processed with darwin software resulted in a neighbor-joining tree (njtree) phylogenetic hierarchy showing the kinship of 100 individual oil palm plants from 5 populations in the ppks experimental garden. according to their respective populations. for the population of e. guineensis tr01s characterized by analysis code (20160602001-20160602020), population of e. guineensis bj022s characterized by analysis code (20160421007-20160426), population of e. guineensis bj42s characterized by analysis code (20160413009-201604130029), population of e. guineensis bo52s was indicated by the analysis code (2016041400920160414028), and the population of e. guineensis ma19s was indicated by the analysis code (2016052001-20160520018, 2016060300120160603002). the results of grouping based on ssr primers showed that the genetic relationships of the populations of e. guineensis bj022s, e. guineensis tr01s, e. guineensis bj42s, e. guineensis bo52s, e. guineensis ma19s were observed to be spread at a genetic distance between 0.003 1.00. based on the genetic distance observed using the matrix dissimilarity simple matching method, it is known that the closest and furthest genetic distances in each population of e. guineensis used in this study. the population of e. guineensis bj022s has a genetic distance within the population ranging from 0.09–0.62, the closest genetic distance indicated in the analysis code 20160421025 with 20160421019 of 0.09 and the farthest genetic distance was shown in the analysis code 20160421012 with 20160421011. the population of e. guineensis tr01s has a genetic distance within the population ranging from 0.07-1.00, the closest genetic distance is shown in the analysis code 20160602012 with 20160602006 of 0.07 while the farthest genetic distance is shown in the analysis code 20160602017 with 20160602001 of 1.00. the population of e. guineensis bj42s has a genetic distance within the population ranging from 0.29 to 0.95, the closest genetic distance is shown in the 20160413019 analysis code and 20160413014 of 0.29 and the farthest genetic distance is shown in the 20160413018 analysis code with 20160413009 of 0.95. the population of e. discussion the physical characteristics of fresh fruit bunches (ffb) can be seen from figure 1 that overall the tr01s progeny showed better oil quality conditions than the populations of bj022s, bo52s, bj42s and ma19s. this is indicated by the oil character per dry mesocarp in tr01s progeny of 79.60. this indicates that projeni tr01s as a commercial variety has superior bunch quality compared to other populations used in this study. this is in accordance with the statement of suprianto et al (2002) which states that the character of good bunch quality can be seen from the components of the percentage of fruit per bunch, mesocarp per fruit, nucleus per fruit, oil per dry mesocarp, oil per fresh mesocarp, oil per bunch and yield. from the results of the analysis of the fragments processed with gene marker software, from 100 samples analyzed there were 1068 dna that was successfully amplified by the 12 primers used but not all of them were amplified by the 12 ssr primers used in this agripreneur: jurnal pertanian agribisnis issn 2302-9625  harahap parlaungan-use of several plant powders to control the golden snail pomacea canaliculata lamarck (mollusca: ampullariidae) on rice plants in the greenhouse 33 study, because the total amount of dna that was not amplified was as much as 142 dna. the megcir2569 primer was able to amplify the most dna with 99 amplified dna while the least amplified dna was 46 dna in the megcir3775 primer. primer megcir2569 and other primers that successfully amplify sample dna show that the nucleotide base sequences between the template dna and the primers used match, so that the nucleotide bases in the dna stick to the target sequence. the unamplified dna in the 12 primers was caused by the nucleotide bases not attached to the target sequence and it was suspected that the primers did not match the template dna. this is in accordance with ariani (2015) which states that nucleotide bases will only stick to the target sequence. williams et al. (1990) fragments that do not appear due to the absence of amplification, may occur because the primers used are not compatible with the template dna. some experimental evidence suggests that a single base pair difference is sufficient to cause a mismatch of the primer prints which then prevents amplification. (1990) fragments that do not appear due to the absence of amplification, may occur because the primers used are not compatible with the template dna. some experimental evidence suggests that a single base pair difference is sufficient to cause a mismatch of the primer prints which then prevents amplification. (1990) fragments that do not appear due to the absence of amplification, may occur because the primers used are not compatible with the template dna. some experimental evidence suggests that a single base pair difference is sufficient to cause a mismatch of the primer prints which then prevents amplification. based on the value of genetic diversity using matrix dissimilarity simple matching, in general, 5 populations of e. guineensis obtained the value of genetic dissimilarity for 100 samples from 5 populations of e. guineensis used in this study ranging from 0.03–1.00. the sample with the highest genetic distance indicates that the two samples have different genetic material, while the sample with the lowest genetic distance indicates that the two samples have a relationship in their genetic material. 4. conclusion of the 12 ssr primers tested, a total of 104 band patterns were detected with a range of 89 band patterns per primer, and the band pattern size ranged from 101 bp–328 bp with an average percentage of polymorphism in the 12 ssr primers obtained 71%. the five populations of e. guineensis were divided into 3 large groups with genetic distances ranging from 0.03-1.00. 12 primary ssr by 20.3% 5. reference pangaribuan, y. 2003. analisis kadar β-karoten kelapa sawit tipe dura deli dan dura dumpy berdasarkan tingkat kematangan buah.j. penelitian kelapa sawit, 11 (1): 1522. azrai, m. 2005. pemanfaatan markah molekuler dalam proses seleksi pemuliaan tanaman. j. agrobiogen. vol. 1 (1):26-37.  issn 2302-9625 agripreneur, vol.10, no. 1 june 2021: pp 28-34 34 diwan, n. and p. b. cregan. 1997. automated sizing of fluorescent labeled simple sequence repeat (ssr) markers to assay genetic variation in soybean. theor. appl. genet. 95:723-733. powell, w., machrax, g. c. & provan, j. 1996. polymorphism reveald by simple sequence repeats, trends in plant sience. 1:215-222. singh r j. nagappan s g. tan j m. panandam and cheah s c. 2007. development of simple sequence repeat (ssr) markers for oil palm and their application in genetic mapping and finger printing of tissue culture clones. asia pacific journal of molecular biology and biotechnology. 15(3): 121131. zulhermana. 2009. keragaman genetik intra dan interpopulasi kelapa sawit (elaeis guineensis jacq) pisifera asal nigeria berdasarkan analisis marka simple sequence repeats (ssr). institut pertanian bogor, bogor. kohlerschmidt, d.j., k.a. musser, and n.b. dumas. ‘identification of aerobic gramnegative bacteria’. dalam goldman, e. and l.h. green (ed.). 2009. practical handbook of microbiology, second edition. crc press, boca raton. agripreneur, 11 (1) (2022) pp. 18-24 journal homepage: www.iocscience.org/ejournal/index.php/agripreneur published by: iocscience agripreneur : jurnal pertanian agribisnis journal homepage: www.iocscience.org/ejournal/index.php/agripreneur journal homepage: www.iocscience.org/ejournal/index.php/agripreneur impact of the covid-19 pandemic on vegetable business income in pattinoang village, galesong district takalar district andi gujong rusli1, jumiati2, and akbar3 1program studi agribisnis, fakultas pertanian, universitas muhammadiyah makassar, indonesia 23dosen program studi agribisnis, fakultas pertanian, universitas muhammadiyah makassar, indonesia email: andigujong2608@gmail.com abstract this study aims to determine the impact of covid-19 on the income of vegetable farmers before and during the pandemic in pattinoang village, galesong district, takalar regency and to find out the difference in the income of vegetable farmers before and during the covid-19 pandemic in pattinoang village, galesong district, takalar regency. sampling in the study was done by simple random sampling technique as many as 15 vegetable farmers from a total population of 103 farmers. the data analysis used is the analysis of production and income as well as the analysis of the t-test (paired test). the result showed that the impact of the covid-19 pandemic on the income of vegetable farmers in pattinoang village, galesong district, takalar regency decreased. this happens because the costs used in vegetable farming increase while the price of vegetables decreases which result in decreased revenues. thus, the average income of vegetable farmers before the covid19 pandemic was idr 935,495.00 and decreased during the covid-19 pandemic to idr 729,213.00. keywords: covid-19, vegetables, income. 1. introduction the agricultural sector is one of the sectors that provides the largest contribution to gross domestic product (gdp). the agricultural sector is also one of the types of business fields that receive the most workers with an average contribution of 32.21 percent. meanwhile, the contribution of other sectors is less than 19 percent. based on these two indicators, it can be concluded that agriculture has a strategic role for the national economy (ramiayu, 2021). as we enter 2020, the national economy is under pressure due to the impact of the covid-19 pandemic. the covid-19 pandemic has put pressure on the domestic economy so that in 2020 the national economy will experience a growth contraction of -2.07 percent. despite contracting growth, the gdp of the agricultural sector was still able to grow positively. the positive contribution of the agricultural sector to gdp amid covid-19 should also have a positive impact on farmers (ramiayu, 2021). the agricultural sector has economic value that can make indonesia survive the threat of a global crisis, including the current crisis caused by covid-19. this is because the agricultural sector is a daily necessity and the processing time is not too long, it only takes 3 months. the current condition is a momentum to boost agricultural production such as vegetables and plantation commodities to reduce imports. the agricultural sector is the most important thing and becomes a priority because it is related to basic needs and support for human survival. the impact of the covid-19 pandemic that has been felt the most by the farming community is the drastic drop in the prices of agricultural products due to the declining purchasing power of the people. this is not comparable to the operational costs incurred by farmers in doing farming which causes many farmers to experience losses. currently, the government is also making policies such as social distancing, work from home, physical distancing and large-scale social restrictions (psbb). this policy is considered very difficult for farmers to market their cultivation products. as a result, many agricultural products experience damage and deterioration of quality. mailto:andigujong2608@gmail.com 19 jurnal pertanian agribisnis issn 2302-9625 (print) ️ andi gujong rusli, et alimpact of the covid-19 pandemic on vegetable business income in pattinoang village, galesong district, takalar regency efforts are being made to support the welfare of farmers, the government should try to reduce the production burden which is the cause of the decline in the farmer's exchange rate (ntp). downstream production to minimize labor costs, especially for the food crops and horticulture sub-sectors. second, providing seed or seed assistance for food crop and horiculture farmers. third, to overcome oversupply the government can help bumdes (ramiayu, 2021). pattinoang village, galesong district, takalar regency, most of the people work as farmers, some grow vegetables, rice, and also corn. the condition of farmers in pattinoang village was classified as prosperous before the covid-19 pandemic. however, after the corona virus spread in which the village of pattinoang was also affected, the income of farmers decreased. a similar impact caused by the covid-19 pandemic is changes in consumption and employment patterns, causing changes to occur in the food commodity market. the uncertainty of conditions and anxiety related to the level of farmers' welfare, is no exception in pattinoang village, galesong district, takalar regency. there are also many farmers in pattinoang village who suffer losses due to the disproportionate income with the production costs of their farming. not a few farmers were forced to stop planting until conditions returned to normal. based on the above background, it will be studied further about the income of vegetable farmers in pttinoang village. for this reason, the author raised the title "the effect of the covid-19 pandemic on the income of vegetable farmers in pattinoang village, galesong district, gowa regency". 2. methods 2.1 research location and time this research was conducted in pattinoang village, galesong district, takalar regency. this location was chosen because pattinoang village is one of the vegetable producing areas in galesong district. this research starts in december 2021 until january 2022. 2.2 sampling technique the population in this study were all vegetable farmers in pattinoang village. the initial survey found that the number of vegetable farmers was 102 people, so the sample in this study was 15 people, namely by taking 15% of the total population (arikunto, 2006). determination of the sample is done by simple random sampling technique (simple random) by compiling a sampling frame and then determining the number of samples and then determining the sample determination tool that is by drawing the name that previously became the population. 2.3 data types and sources the types and sources of data in this study are qualitative and quantitative data. a. qualitative data is in the form of words or explanations, not in the form of numbers. qualitative data can be obtained by data collection techniques such as interviews, documentation, discussion, observation and analysis. b. quantitative data is the type of data that can be measured or calculated directly as a number or number variable. a data source is something that provides information regarding data based on its source. data sources are divided into two, namely primary data and secondary data. 20 ️ issn2302-9625 (print) agripreneur, vol. 11, no. 1 june 2022: pp 18-24 a. primary data is data obtained through direct interviews with vegetable farmers in pattinoang village using a questionnaire as a data collection tool in this research in the form of respondents' identities, costs used in vegetable farming, income and income of vegetable farmers in pattinoang village, galesong district, takalar regency. b. secondary data is data that has been collected to solve the problem at hand, besides that this data is easy to obtain quickly. in this study, the secondary data source is data obtained from books and others in the form of geographical conditions and demographic conditions in pattinoang village, galesong district, takalar regency. 2.4 data collection technique there are three data collection techniques used, namely: a. observation the observation method was carried out to find information on the research location in order to get an overview of the research location and to know the activities of vegetable farming in pattinoang village, galesong district, takalar regency. b. interview interviews were conducted by giving direct questions to the research sample in pattinoang village. in addition, researchers also use tools such as questionnaires in which there is a list of questions that will be given to the research sample in order to get answers from samples that match the required data. c. documentation the documentation in this study uses secondary data from the research area such as vegetable crops, monographs of research sites and photos that can support research activities. 2.5 data analysis technique the data analysis technique is grouping data based on variables, presenting data based on the variables to be studied and performing calculations to answer the problem formulation. the analytical methods that will be used in this research are: a. analysis of the data used to answer the formulation of the problem by using cost and income analysis. cost and revenue analysis is used to determine the flow of costs, revenues and income in a business. according to suratiyah (2015) to calculate the total cost, it is obtained by adding up fixed costs and variable costs with the formula: tc = tfc + tvc (1) information: tc = total cost / total cost tfc = total fixed cost / total fixed cost tvc = total variable cost / total variable cost according to suratiyah (2015) to know the amount of revenue obtained can be known by the formula: tr = py.y (2) information: tr = total revenue / total revenue py = product price y = production quantity according to suratiyah (2015) income can be calculated using the following formula. i = tr – tc (3) information: 21 jurnal pertanian agribisnis issn 2302-9625 (print) ️ andi gujong rusli, et alimpact of the covid-19 pandemic on vegetable business income in pattinoang village, galesong district, takalar regency i = income / income tr = total revenue / total revenue tc = total cost / total cost. b. analysis of the data used to answer the second problem formulation is by using a different t-test (paired sample test). the t-test is a test using the t-distribution to the significant difference in a certain mean value of two unrelated sample groups. 3. results and discussion 3.1 reception zainuddin kabai (2015) explains that acceptance isis the total income received by producers in the form of money obtained from the sale of goods produced, revenue is an increase from the activities carried out by the company in a certain period. according to rahim, a et al (2007) explained that farm income is the product of the multiplication between the production obtained and the selling price. from the results of this study, it can be seen the acceptance of vegetable farming farmers in pattinoang village, galesong district, takalar regency before and during the covid-19 pandemic. table 1.acceptance of vegetable farming in pattinoang village, galesong district, takalar regency before and during the covid-19 pandemic. acceptance of vegetable farming before covid-19. no description production (kg) price (rp/kg) revenue (rp) 1 2 water spinach spinach 19 21 35,000 30,000 647,500 633,000 total revenue (rp) 1,280,500 acceptance of vegetable farming during covid-19. no description production (kg/ha) price (rp/kg) revenue (rp) 1 2 water spinach spinach 19 21 32,000 25,000 592,000 530,833 total revenue (rp) 1.122.833 source: primary data after processing, 2022. table 1. shows the acceptance of vegetable farming farmers in pattinoang village, galesong district, takalar regency before and during the covid-19 pandemic. prior to the covid-19 pandemic, vegetable farming received an income of rp 1,280,500 which was obtained from the total receipts of kale and spinach vegetables, each of which the production amount was an average kale production of 19 kg/ha with a selling price of rp. 35,000/kg. so that the kale revenue is rp. 647,500, meanwhile the average spinach production is 21 kg/ha with a selling price of rp. 30,000/kg so that the spinach revenue is rp. 633,000. in contrast to the revenue before the covid-19 pandemic, the income obtained by vegetable farming farmers decreased, the receipt of vegetable farmers during the covid-19 pandemic was rp. 1,122,833, which was obtained from the total receipts of kale and spinach vegetables. the average production of kale during the covid-19 pandemic was 19 kg/ha with a selling price of rp. 32,000/kg so that an income of rp. 5492,000 was obtained, the average production of spinach was 21 kg/ha with a selling price of rp. 25,000/ha. kg so that the receipt of spinach vegetables is rp. 530,833. 22 ️ issn2302-9625 (print) agripreneur, vol. 11, no. 1 june 2022: pp 18-24 the impact of the covid-19 pandemic that also attacked pattinoang village was the decline in the price of vegetable farming caused by government regulations in the form of restrictions on community activities (ppkm) and social distancing which resulted in some moments when the market was deserted by consumers. 3.2 income sukirno (2006)income is the amount of income received by farmers for their work during a certain period, either daily, weekly, monthly or yearly. business activities will ultimately earn income in the form of the value of money received by farmers from the sale of production minus the costs that have been incurred, income is revenue minus the total production costs used during the production process. the income of vegetable farming in pattinoang village, galesong district, takalar regency before and during the covid-19 pandemic can be seen in the following table. table 2. vegetable farming income in pattinongan village, galesong district, takalar regency before and during the covid-19 pandemic vegetable farming income before covid-19 no description average 1 acceptance (tr) = qp kale production (q) kangkung price (p) spinach production (q) spinach price (p) 19 35,000 21 30,000 total vegetable revenue (rp) 1,280,500 no description average 2 total cost (tc) = fc + vc fixed cost (fc) variable cost (vc) 77.061 269,061 total cost (tc) 345,005 revenue (i) = tr – tc 935,495 vegetable farming income during covid-19 no description average 1 acceptance (tr) = qp kale production (q) kangkung price (p) spinach production (q) spinach price (p) 19 32,000 21 25,000 total vegetable revenue (rp) 1.122.833 no description 2 total cost (tc) = fc + vc fixed cost (fc) variable cost (vc) 78.986 315,487 total cost (tc) 393,621 revenue (i) = tr – tc 729,213 source: primary data after processing, 2022. table 2. shows the income earned by vegetable farming in pattinoang village, galesong district, takalar regency before and during the covid-19 pandemic. the amount of income earned before covid-19 was rp 935,495., which was obtained from the result of subtracting between receipts of rp. 1,280,500., with a total cost of rp. 345,005. vegetable farming income during covid-19 was rp. 729,213., which is obtained from the results of a reduction in revenue of rp. 1,122,833 with a total cost of rp. 393,621. 23 jurnal pertanian agribisnis issn 2302-9625 (print) ️ andi gujong rusli, et alimpact of the covid-19 pandemic on vegetable business income in pattinoang village, galesong district, takalar regency the impact of the covid-19 on vegetable farming in pattinoang village is the decrease in income caused by the decrease in the selling price of vegetables while the cost of vegetable farming has increased since the covid-19 pandemic. as a result, farmers experience instability in their farm income as it was previously known that income before the covid19 pandemic was higher than during the covid-19 pandemic. 3.3 t uji test this comparative test was conducted to see a comparison of vegetable farming income before and after the covid-19 pandemic in pattinoang village, galesong district, takalar regency. this test uses a paired sample t-test, with the proposed hypothesis that there is a difference in vegetable farming income between before and after the covid-19 pandemic in pattinoang village, galesong district, takalar regency. table 3.t-test results of differences in vegetable farming income before and after the covid-19 pandemic in pattinoang village, galesong district, takalar regency no description mean standard error sig. 1 income before covid-19 585277.5 810820,18717 0.000 2 income after covid-19 313732.8571 415608,41637 0.000 source: primary data after processing, 2022. differences in income were tested statistically using the paired sample t-test. based on the results of the t test test in table 12, it can be obtained sig. (2-tailed) 0.000 < 0.05. this shows that ho is rejected and h1 is accepted, which means that there is a significant difference between the average income of vegetable farmers before and during covid-19, while the difference in vegetable farming income before covid-19 is idr 935,495.00 and vegetable farming income in the previous year. during covid-19, which was rp. 729,213. the impact of the covid-19 pandemic was felt by vegetable farmers in pattinoang village, galesong district, takalar regency because of their declining income. 4. conclusion based on the results of research on the impact of the covid-19 pandemic on the income of vegetable farmers in pattinoang village, galesong district, takalar regency, the following conclusions can be drawn. 1. the impact of the covid-19 pandemic on the income of vegetable farmers in pattinoang village, galesong district, takalar regency has decreased. this is because the cost of vegetable farming since the covid-19 pandemic has increased, while the price of vegetables has decreased which has caused farm revenues to also decline. therefore, the income of vegetable farmers in pattinoang village has also decreased. this has happened since the implementation of restrictions on community activities and social distancing that hampered community activities. 2. based on the results of the t test, sig. (2-tailed) 0.000 < 0.05, which indicates ho is rejected and h1 is accepted, which means that there is a difference in vegetable farming income before and during covid -19, while the difference in vegetable farming income 24 ️ issn2302-9625 (print) agripreneur, vol. 11, no. 1 june 2022: pp 18-24 before covid-19 is rp 935,495.00 and vegetable farming income during covid-19 was rp. 729,213.00. reference damayanti, arista.2016. analisis usahatani sawi di dusun taman arum kecamatan kulu kabupaten kutai kartanegara. magrobis journal vol.16 no.1 thn.2016. fakultas pertanian, universitas kutai karanegara. deasy dwi ramiayu. 2021. industri dan pembangunan. jurnal budget issue brief kesejahteraan rakyat vol.01 thn. 2021. hasyim. 2003. karakteristik petani padi peserta program upaya khusus padi jagung kedelai upsus pajale di desa ranah baru kecamatan kampar kabupaten kampar. jom faperta ur vol.4 no.1. februari 2017. jurusan agribisnis fakultas pertanian universitas riau. isfrizal dan rahman. 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vol.8 no.1 hal. 29-44 thn. 2014. panjaitan, claudya levirisna dkk. 2021. analisis pendapaan pedagang sayur sebelum dan selama masa pandemi covid-19 di pasar lakessi koa pare-para sulawesi selatan. jurnal agrirud vol. 2 no.4 hal.316323 thn.2021. fakultas peranian, universitas sam ratulangi. rahim,a dkk. 2007. model analisis ekonomika pertanian. badan penerbit universitas negeri makassar jl. ap. pettarani. 189 halaman. rizki azhari. 2021. dampak covid-19 terhadap pendapaan pedagang buah jeruk manis di pasar tradisional simpang limun medan. skripsi. fakulas pertanian, universitas muhammadiyah sumatera utara. sadhita, r.t.2016. efisiensi penggunaan faktor produksi usahatani padi organik. skripsi. fakulas pertanian, universitas medan area. sarni dan mardiyani sidayat. 2020. dampak pandemi covid 19 terhadap pendapatan peani sayuran di kota ternate. prosiding seminar nasional agribisnis, fakulas peranian, universitas khairun: 07 november 2020. hal. 1-9. simanjuntak. 2009. persepsi petani terhadap usahatani lahan pekerangan (studi kasus usahatani lahan pekerangan di kecamatan kerinci kabupaten pelalawan. indonesian journal of agricultural economics (ijae) vol.3 no.2 desember 2012. sinaga, robert dan melfrianti romauli purba. 2020. pengaruh pandemi virus corona (covid-19) terhadap pendapatan pedagang sayur dan buah di pasar tradisional “pajak pagi pasar v” padang bulan. regionomic journal vol.2 no.02 thn.2020 fakultas pertanian, universitas prima indonesia. sukirno. 2006. pengaruh tingkat pendidikan, pendapatan dan konsumsi terhadap jumlah penduduk miskin di provinsi jawa timur. jurnal ekonomi pendidikan dan kewirausahaan vol 3. no.1 thn.2015. suratiyah. 2006. analisis biaya, pendapatan dan r/c usahatani kubis (brassica oleraced) (suatu kasus di desa cibeureun kecamatan sukamantri kabupaten ciamis). jurnal ilmiah mahasiswa agrinfo galuh vol.2 no.2. januari 2016. fakultas pertanaian universitas galuh. yasin dan ahmad. 2008. persepsi petani terhadap usahatani lahan pekerangan (studi kasus usahatani lahan pekerangan di kecamatan kerinci kabupaten pelalawan. indonesian journal of agricultural economics (ijae) vol.3 no.2 desember 2012. ijece agripreneur , 10 (1) (2021) pp. 10-18 journal homepage: www. iocscience.org/ejournal/index.php/ agripreneur published by: iocscience agripreneur: jurnal pertanian agribisnis journal homepage: www.iocscience.org/ejournal/index.php/ agripreneur growth response of sugarcane bud set (saccharum officinarum l) at several ages of planting materials and concentrations of iba jerry afrimsa sijabat agrotechnology study program faculty of agriculture, universitas sumatera utara, medan 2016, indonesia jerrysijabat@gmail.com abstract the research purpose to decide the growth response bud set cane against iba concentrations at some planting materials. research conducted at the field of the faculty of agriculture usu, started from may to august used a factorial randomized block design with two factors ei ages of planting material(6,7,8 months) and concentration of growth regulators iba (100,200,300 ppm). the parameters were the percentage of seedlings grow, the rate of germination, plant length, sum of leaf, diameter, total of tillers, total leaf area, root volume, root length and shoot dry weight. the results showed that the germination rate against age had significant effect by planting material and concentration of growth regulators. the interaction between the ages of planting materials and concentration of growth regulators had not significantly effect on all parameters. keywords: bud set, iba, age of planting material 1. introduction sugar cane is a sugar-producing plant which is a source of carbohydrates. this plant is needed so that it continues to increase along with the increase in population. according to puri, et al (2013) in 2015 national sugar consumption was 2.72 million tons or an increase of 3.65% compared to 2014 of 2.63 million tons with the land area used throughout indonesia in 2014 and 2015 amounted to 477,881 ha and 487,095 ha. however, the increase in sugar consumption has not been matched by domestic sugar production. this is proven in 2014 sugar production only reached 2,575,390 tons (bps, 2015). one of the causes of the low domestic sugar production can be seen from the on-farm side, including the preparation of seeds and the quality of sugarcane seedlings. seed preparation carried out by the conventional method (mule) greatly affects the seeding time because it takes 7 months for one planting period (putri , et al., 2013). meanwhile, according to solikhah and imam (2015) the conventional method has several weaknesses, namely the time required for seeding is longer, and requires a large nursery area and the seeds produced are relatively non-uniform. however, the development of the bud chip was not as expected because its growth was not optimal. based on the research of irda (2015) stated that one of the obstacles to sugarcane seeding with the bud chip method is the non-uniform and rather slow growth of roots and shoots on the bud chip originating from the center of the stem and the growth of the agripreneur: jurnal pertanian agribisnis issn 2302-9625  jerry afrimsa sijabat -response of growth of sugarcane set bud (saccharum officinarum l) at several ages of planting materials and concentrations of iba 11 seedlings is still small. hence the development of bud chips is less desirable than bud sets. this is because bud sets tend to be easier to grow because they still have larger food reserves than bud chips. the problem that exists in vegetatively propagation of plants is the difficulty of root formation and efforts to accelerate the formation of roots can be done by using growth regulators. plant growth regulators are organic compounds that are not nutrients, which in small amounts can support, inhibit and can change the physiological processes of plants. to get good seed propagation results, in addition to paying attention to the growth media, growth regulators (zpt) are needed to support growth and development. auxin is a hormone that can affect root formation, shoot development, meristem cell activity, flower formation, fruit formation and the fall of leaves and fruit (sumardi, et al., 2014). auxin types of growth regulators commonly used include naa, iba and iaa. from irda's research (2015) it is known that the best growth of sugarcane chip buds is in the administration of iaa with a concentration of 200ppm. however, of the three types of auxin pgr, iba was the most effective. according to wudianto (1993) that iba has better and more effective characteristics than iaa and naa. thus, iba is most suitable for stimulating root activity, because its chemical content is more stable and its working power lasts longer. the provision of iba zpt increased the percentage of gofasa stem cuttings (vitex cofassus reinw), where the average percentage of rooted cuttings reached 85 percent. zpt iba produces longer roots but does not increase the number of roots from stem cuttings (irwanto, 2003). 2. materials and methods this research was conducted in the research area of the faculty of agriculture, university of north sumatra, medan. at an altitude of ± 25 meters above sea level, from may to august 2016. the materials used were sugarcane bud set of bz 134 variety, top soil, sand as a mixture of planting media, polybag as a planting container, iba as a growth stimulant, water for treatment to dissolve iba and other supporting materials. the tools used were hoe to stir the planting media, cutting table, machete, ruler to measure height, measuring cup to calculate volume, caliper to measure plant diameter, oven to dry plants, scales to weigh plants, paper to print plant leaves in measuring leaf area and other supporting tools. this study used a factorial randomized block design (rak) with 2 factors. the data were analyzed by means of variance, the real treatment was continued by using duncan's multiple distance test with a level of = 5% (steel and torrie, 1995).  issn 2302-9625 agripreneur, vol.10, no. 1 june 2021: pp 10-18 12 3. results and discussion germination percentage of seeds the percentage of bud set seed germination data and its variance showed that the treatment treatment for the age of planting material was significantly different, while the iba concentration treatment and the interaction of the two had no significant effect on the percentage of bud set germination. see table 1 below. table 1. percentage of germination of sugarcane bud set seeds at various ages of planting material and iba concentration age of planting material iba concentration(ppm) a0 (0) a1 (100) a2 (200) a3 (300) average ………………………………..%…………………………………… .......... u1 :6 months 90.67 94.00 95.33 90.67 92.67 a u2 :7 months 87.33 89.33 88.67 86.67 88.00 a u3 :8 months 66.00 76.67 66.67 66.67 69.00 b average 81.33 86.67 83.56 81.33 83.22 description: numbers followed by the same notation in the same column show different not significant according to duncan's multiple distance test at 5% level table 1 shows that the highest percentage of seedling germination was obtained from the use of plant seeds aged 6 months (u1) which was not significantly different from 7 months (u2) but significantly different from 8 months (u3). the highest percentage of seed germination was obtained at the use of iba 100 ppm (a1) which was not significantly different from other concentrations. seed germination rate the data on the germination rate of bud set seeds and their variance showed that the treatment with the age of planting material and the concentration of iba had a significant effect, but the interaction between the two had no significant effect on the rate of bud set germination. seedling germination rates at various ages of planting material and iba concentrations can be seen in table 2 below. table 2. seedling germination rate at various ages of planting material and concentration of iba age of planting material iba concentration (ppm) a0 (0) a1 (100) a2 (200) a3 (300) average ……………………..day…………………………... u1 :6 months 4.44 5.07 5.49 4.85 4.96 a u2 :7 months 4.23 5.19 4.75 4.86 4.76 b u3 :8 months 8.59 11.50 9.79 10.75 10.16 c average 5.75 a 7.25 b 6.68 b 6.82 b 6.63 description: numbers followed by the same notation in the same column and row indicate not significantly different according to duncan's multiple distance test at 5% level agripreneur: jurnal pertanian agribisnis issn 2302-9625  jerry afrimsa sijabat -response of growth of sugarcane set bud (saccharum officinarum l) at several ages of planting materials and concentrations of iba 13 table 2 shows the fastest seedling germination rate was obtained at the use of plant seeds aged 6 months (u1) which were significantly different from 7 months (u2), and 8 months (u3). the fastest seed germination rate was obtained at the use of iba 0 ppm (a0) which was significantly different from other concentrations, while the concentration of iba 100 ppm (a1) was not significantly different from the concentration of iba 200 ppm (a2) and iba 300 ppm (a3). seed length the data on the length of the bud set seeds and the variance of the treatment of the age of the planting material were significantly different at 2-7 wap and not significantly different at 8 wap, while the iba concentration treatment and the interaction of the two had no significant effect on the length of the bud set seedlings. 8 mst at various ages of planting material and iba concentrations can be seen in table 3 below. table 3. seedling length 2-8 wap at several ages of planting material and concentration of iba age plant (mst) age ingredient plant iba concentration (ppm) a0 (0) a1 (100) a2 (200) a3 (300) average …………………cm……………….. u1 :6 months 31.67 29.47 32.07 32.47 31.42 a 2 u2 :7 months 31.13 29.93 32.07 31.07 31.05 a u3 :8 months 21.53 20.20 23.33 23.27 22.08 b average 28.11 26.53 29.16 28.93 28.18 u1 :6 months 53.67 50.07 56.07 54.67 53.62 a 3 u2 :7 months 49.53 50.47 54.20 55.33 52.38 a u3 :8 months 41.00 39.27 43.07 42.67 41.50 b average 48.07 46.60 51.11 50.89 49.17 u1 :6 months 72.07 67.60 71.67 74.40 71.43 a 4 u2 :7 months 68.47 68.47 73.07 71.13 70.28 a u3 :8 months 54.40 53.53 58.40 56.60 55.73 b average 64.98 63.20 67.71 67.38 65.82 u1 :6 months 75.80 76.13 77.27 80.33 77.38 a 5 u2 :7 months 77.53 76.53 77.40 79.07 77.63 a u3 :8 months 60.87 61.27 67.33 64.40 63.47 b average 71.40 71.31 74.00 74.60 72.83 u1 :6 months 87.13 89.00 92.80 93.53 90.62 a 6 u2 :7 months 87.73 93.07 94.27 92.73 91.95 a u3 :8 months 79.40 78.87 81.87 80.67 80.20 b average 84.76 86.98 89.64 88.98 87.59  issn 2302-9625 agripreneur, vol.10, no. 1 june 2021: pp 10-18 14 age plant (mst) age ingredient plant iba concentration (ppm) a0 (0) a1 (100) a2 (200) a3 (300) average u1 :6 months 102.67 101.93 108.87 109.80 105.82 a 7 u2 :7 months 102.67 108.27 107.67 107.73 106.58 a u3 :8 months 94.93 96.93 95.80 96.20 95.97 b average 100.09 102.38 104.11 104.58 102.79 u1 :6 months 127.60 117.73 136.73 127.13 127.30 8 u2 :7 months 118.33 132.07 143.33 132.67 131.60 u3 :8 months 121.73 125.47 117.47 121.80 121.62 average 122.56 125.09 132.51 127.20 126.84 description: numbers followed by the same notation in the same row or group of columns showed no significant difference according to duncan's multiple distance test at the level of =5% table 3 shows that at the age of 2-4 wap the longest seedlings were obtained when using 6 months (u1) seeds, which were not significantly different from 7 months (u2), but significantly different from 8 months (u3). at the age of 5-7 wap, the longest seeds were obtained at the age of 7 months of planting material (u2) which was not significantly different from the age of 6 months (u1) but significantly different from the age of 8 months (u3), while at the age of 8 wap the longest seeds were obtained. in the 7-month treatment (u2) which was not significantly different from the other treatments. number of seed leaves the data on the number of leaves of the bud set seeds and their variance showed that the treatment treatment for the age of planting material was significantly different at 2-4 wap and not significantly different at 5-8 wap, while the iba concentration treatment and the interaction of the two had no significant effect on the number of leaves of the bud set seedlings. sugarcane bud set leaves 2-8 wap at several ages of planting material and iba concentrations can be seen in table 4 below. table 4. number of seedling leaves 2-8 wap at several ages of planting material and concentration of iba age plant (mst) age ingredient plant iba concentration (ppm) a0 (0) a1 (100) a2 (200) a3 (300) average …………………sheet……………….. u1 :6 months 1.87 1.40 1.53 1.93 1.68 a 2 u2 :7 months 1.67 1.93 1.67 1.60 1.72 a u3 :8 months 1.07 0.80 1.07 1.07 1.00 b average 1.53 1.38 1.42 1.53 1.47 u1 :6 months 3.07 3.40 2.87 3.47 3.20 a 3 u2 :7 3.33 3.40 3.07 3.40 3.30 a agripreneur: jurnal pertanian agribisnis issn 2302-9625  jerry afrimsa sijabat -response of growth of sugarcane set bud (saccharum officinarum l) at several ages of planting materials and concentrations of iba 15 age plant (mst) age ingredient plant iba concentration (ppm) a0 (0) a1 (100) a2 (200) a3 (300) average months u3 :8 months 2.73 2.73 3.00 2.87 2.83 b average 3.04 3.18 2.98 3.24 3.11 u1 :6 months 3.93 4.13 3.87 4.13 4.02 a 4 u2 :7 months 3.87 4.27 3.80 3.87 3.95 a u3 :8 months 3.60 3.67 3.87 3.67 3.70 b average 3.80 4.02 3.84 3.89 3.89 u1 :6 months 4.27 4.80 4.33 4.53 4.48 5 u2 :7 months 4.27 4.53 4.20 4.40 4.35 u3 :8 months 4.53 4.27 4.73 4.60 4.53 average 4.36 4.53 4.42 4.51 4.46 u1 :6 months 5.00 5.60 5.00 5.47 5.27 6 u2 :7 months 5.20 5.47 5.20 5.47 5.33 u3 :8 months 5.33 5.40 5.47 5.73 5.48 average 5.18 5.49 5.22 5.56 5.36 u1 :6 months 5.87 6.53 6.07 6.47 6.23 7 u2 :7 months 6.13 6.47 6.27 6.53 6.35 u3 :8 months 6.27 6.53 6.73 6.67 6.55 average 6.09 6.51 6.36 6.56 6.38 u1 :6 months 7.20 7.40 7.53 7.53 7.42 8 u2 :7 months 7.20 7.40 7.60 7.27 7.37 u3 :8 months 7.60 7.47 7.33 7.53 7.48 average 7.33 7.42 7.49 7.44 7.42 description: numbers followed by the same notation in the same row or group of columns showed no significant difference according to duncan's multiple distance test at the level of =5% table 4 shows that at the age of 2-4 wap the highest number of seedling leaves was obtained from the use of plant seeds aged 7 months (u2) which was not significantly different from 6 months (u1), but significantly different from 8 months (u3). at the age of 5-8 wap, the highest number of seedling leaves tended to be obtained at the age of 8 months of planting material (u3) which was not significantly different from those of 6 months (u1) and 7 months (u2). the highest number of seedling leaves tended to be obtained at the use of 300 ppm iba (a3) which was not significantly different from other concentrations.  issn 2302-9625 agripreneur, vol.10, no. 1 june 2021: pp 10-18 16 seedling diameter the diameter data of bud set seeds and their variance showed that the age of planting material was not significantly different at 2-8 wap, while the concentration of iba had a significant effect on the diameter of the bud set 3 wap, but had no significant effect on the diameter of the bud set 2 wap, 4-8. mst and their interaction had no significant effect on the diameter of bud set seedlings. table 5. seedling diameter 2-8 wap at several ages of planting material and concentration of iba age plant (mst) age ingredient plant iba concentration (ppm) a0 (0) a1 (100) a2 (200) a3 (300) average …………………mm……………….. u1 :6 months 3.41 3.19 3.65 3.59 3.46 2 u2 :7 months 3.43 3.61 3.87 3.49 3.60 u3 :8 months 2.89 3.15 3.44 3.50 3.25 average 3.25 3.32 3.65 3.53 3.44 u1 :6 months 4.26 4.20 4.56 4.50 4.38 3 u2 :7 months 4.12 4.68 4.72 4.30 4.45 u3 :8 months 3.92 4.34 4.3 6 4.72 4.34 average 4.10 a 4.41 b 4.55 ab 4.51 b 4.39 u1 :6 months 5.55 5.59 5.73 5.79 5.66 4 u2 :7 months 5.20 5.71 5.87 5.68 5.61 u3 :8 months 5.12 5.27 5.62 5.81 5.45 average 5.29 5.52 5.74 5.76 5.58 u1 :6 months 6.03 6.27 6.08 6.16 6.13 5 u2 :7 months 5.96 6.09 6.11 6.16 6.08 u3 :8 months 5.64 5.90 6.30 6.34 6.04 average 5.88 6.09 6.16 6.22 6.09 u1 :6 months 7.01 6.79 7.03 7.19 7.01 6 u2 :7 months 6.86 6.87 7.28 7.11 7.03 u3 :8 months 6.59 7.02 6.99 7.04 6.91 average 6.82 6.89 7.10 7.11 6.98 u1 :6 months 8.02 7.29 8.21 7.96 7.87 7 u2 :7 months 7.71 7.92 8.34 8.07 8.01 u3 :8 months 7.23 7.89 7.78 7.85 7.69 average 7.65 7.70 8.11 7.96 7.86 u1 :6 months 9.53 8.78 9.53 8.55 9.10 agripreneur: jurnal pertanian agribisnis issn 2302-9625  jerry afrimsa sijabat -response of growth of sugarcane set bud (saccharum officinarum l) at several ages of planting materials and concentrations of iba 17 age plant (mst) age ingredient plant iba concentration (ppm) a0 (0) a1 (100) a2 (200) a3 (300) average 8 u2 :7 months 8.36 9.17 9.80 8.99 9.08 u3 :8 months 8.40 9.04 8.89 8.96 8.82 average 8.7 6 7.42 9.41 8.83 9.00 description: numbers followed by the same notation in the same row or group of columns showed no significant difference according to duncan's multiple distance test at the level of =5% table 5 shows that at the age of 2-8 wap, the highest seedling diameter was obtained from the use of plant seeds aged 7 months (u2) but it was not significantly different from other treatments. the highest seedling diameter tends to be obtained at the use of iba 200 ppm (a2) which is not significantly different from other concentrations number of tillers data on the number of bud set tillers and the variance of treatment with the age of planting material, treatment with iba concentration and the interaction of the two had no significant effect on the number of bud set seedlings. 6 below. table 6. number of tillers at various ages of planting material and concentration of iba age of planting material iba concentration (ppm) a0 (0) a1 (100) a2 (200) a3 (300) average ……………………..kids……………………………….. u1 :6 months 0.86 0.71 0.92 0.50 0.75 u2 :7 months 0.71 0.92 0.80 0.80 0.81 u3 :8 months 1.06 1.01 1.04 0.97 1.02 average 0.88 0.88 0.92 0.76 0.86 description: numbers followed by the same notation in the same row or group of columns showed no significant difference according to duncan's multiple distance test at the level of =5% table 6 shows that the highest number of tillers was obtained at 8 months (u3) which was not significantly different from 6 months (u1) and 7 months (u2). the highest number of tillers was obtained with the use of iba 200 ppm (a2) which was not significantly different from other concentrations. 4. conclusion the age of the planting material was significantly different from the percentage of germinating seeds, the rate of seedling germination, and the length of the seedlings with the best growth using a 6 month bud set seedling age. the germination rate was significantly better without iba administration. the interaction of planting material age and iba concentration had no significant effect on all parameters.  issn 2302-9625 agripreneur, vol.10, no. 1 june 2021: pp 10-18 18 5. reference putri, a. d., sudiarso dan t. islami. 2013. pengaruh komposisi media tanampada teknik bud chip tiga varietas tebu (saccharum officinarum l.). jurnal produksi tanaman 1(1).universitas brawijaya. malang.hal.1-2. sholikhah, ummi., imam. 2015. kelompok petani tebu rakyat di kecamatan semboro kabupaten jember.jurnal inovasi dan kewirausahaan vol.4 hal.47-54 irda, meiriani dan yaya. 2014. keragaan bibit bud chip tebu (sacharum officinarum l.) dengan perlakuan lama perendaman dan konsentrasi iaa. jurnal online agroekoteknologi. vol 3.no.2 :489-498. sumardi., i. umarie., dan i. wijaya, 2014. respon pertumbuhan bibit tebu single bud planting terhadap pemberian auxin dan urea. universitas muhammadiah jember. indrawanto, chandra. ,purwono ,siswanto, m.syakir., widi rukmini. 2010.budidaya dan pasca panen tebu.eka media, jakarta.hal.1-10. agripreneur, 11 (2) (2022) pp. 63-69 journal homepage: www.iocscience.org/ejournal/index.php/agripreneur agripreneur : jurnal pertanian agribisnis is licensed under a creative commons attribution-noncommercial 4.0 international license (cc by-nc 4.0). published by: iocscience agripreneur : jurnal pertanian agribisnis journal homepage: www.iocscience.org/ejournal/index.php/agripreneur journal homepage: www.iocscience.org/ejournal/index.php/agripreneur analysis of structure, behavior and performance of the seaweed dodol agroindustry market in lekok district, pasuruan regency satria fathan abror faculty of agriculture, brawijaya university, indonesia email: abrorfathan@gmail.com abstract this study aims to analyze the structure, behavior and performance of the seaweed dodol agro-industry market. the amounts of respondents used are 9 companies in pasuruan regency. the data analysis methods used are descriptive and quantitative analysis. the descriptive analysis is used to determine the market structure includes the level of product differentiation, market out and in obstructions and the level of market knowledge also market behavior determining includes price determining policy, the system of market organization and marketing functions. the quantitative analysis is used to determine the degree of market concentration that is market segment measurement. for market performance, market margin analysis and profit analysis are used. the result of this research shows that there is a close relationship between the structure, the behavior, and the performance of seaweed dodol agro industry market. it can be seen from the relationship of those three components in dynamic system. the market structure influences the behavior, and both of them influence the market performance, and so the market performance that influences the behavior and the structure of market. the structure of seaweed dodol agro industry market in pasuruan regency belongs to monopolistic market. the characteristic of this structure is 10-20% market segment. the product differentiation has been done by each dodol seaweed producers, as well as in quality, weight and the packaging. the market out and in obstructions are big and complex enough which consist of investation capital, production cost, and local government policy. market information is easy to get, but it is not transparent, comes from mass media, agent, retailer, and consumers about the product price, potencial location to be market, and material location. keywords: agroindustry, seaweed dodol, market performance. 1. introduction since the enactment of the free market in indonesia, the competition between the world market and the domestic market has also increased. in this era of free trade, indonesia must not remain silent. acting passively means that indonesia will be flooded with imported products, while boycotting it is impossible because it will be subject to economic sanctions or other political pressures. the best solution is to take an active role in free trade based on ability and develop the potential of domestic superior commodities that have comparative and competitive advantages. along with the increasingly intense market competition, each company must pay attention to the condition of the existing market structure. because the shape of the market structure will determine the behavior or behavior that must be carried out by each company, so that in the end it will determine whether market performance is effective or not. the market structure is a reflection of the ongoing market competition conditions. when the number of players in the market increases, each company must be vigilant to face this competition. only companies that are able to adapt are ultimately able to survive. so that the response from market behavior is needed to immediately take a strategy to behave in the market. indonesia as a maritime country has bright prospects in the development of seaweed production. apart from its product potential, seaweed is also a source of foreign exchange and a source of income for coastal communities. besides being used directly as a food 64 ❒ issn : 2302-9625 (print) 2828-6316 (online) agripreneur, vol. 11, no. 2 december 2022: pp 63-69 ingredient, some processed seaweed products such as agar-agar and carrageenan are also available. indonesia besides exporting seaweed in dry form, also imports processed products which are increasing in number from year to year. to overcome this increasing import condition, efforts are needed to increase the added value of seaweed. one of them is through agro-industry innovation. agro-industry is a combination of the industrial sector and the agricultural sector, so it is necessary to develop a seaweed processing factory supported by production that meets the expected quality and quantity. the potential for processing seaweed into agro-industrial products in the east java region is generally located in coastal areas, one of which is in the pasuruan regency. in this area the development of the seaweed agro-industry has begun to be developed by farmers to increase their income, one of which is through the processing of seaweed into seaweed lunkhead. however, processing alone is not enough, market players must also pay attention to the form of market structure that they operate in, so that it is hoped that this business can provide a truly profitable contribution for entrepreneurs. under these conditions, the researcher is interested in analyzing the structure, behavior and performance of the seaweed dodol agro-industry market. 2. methods 2.1 location and time determination methods this research was conducted in pasuruan regency, especially in lekok district. this was done purposively (intentionally), because lekok district is a coastal area which is a center for seaweed cultivation and is directly a place for processing (agro-industry) for various types of processed seaweed products, one of which is lots of seaweed dodol. the research was conducted from january to february 2009. 2.2 sampling technique the sampling method in this study used a random sampling technique. 2.3 method of collecting data the data collection techniques used are as follows: interviews, questionnaires, library research. the data that has been obtained from the company that is the object of research is processed again. after the data is processed, an analysis and an interpretation are carried out so that the data becomes more understandable. the final results of the data that have been processed and analyzed will be able to clearly describe the condition of the company under study, especially in terms of analysis of the structure, behavior and performance of the seaweed dodol agro-industry. 2.4 data analysis method the method used in this study is a quantitative descriptive method, which is a research method that aims to collect and analyze both primary and secondary data that have a close relationship with the problem under study, to then be interpreted descriptively quantitatively in order to obtain a picture of the problem under study, then compare it with theoretical knowledge to proceed with the problem and possible solutions. to obtain the expected results, the authors conducted research to obtain data and theories that could be used to support the analysis. 65 jurnal pertanian agribisnis issn: 2302-9625 (print) 2828-6316 (online) satria fathan abror-analysis of structure, behavior and performance of the seaweed dodol agroindustry market in lekok district, pasuruan regency 3. results and discussion 3.1 market structure the market structure shows the market attributes that affect the nature of the competitive process. elements of market structure include: degree of market concentration, product differentiation, barriers to market entry and exit, as well as the level of knowledge of market participants. a. degree of market concentration in this study, to determine the market share of seaweed dodol, production capacity data from producers was used. the production capacity used as the basis for this research is the production capacity for 1 year, namely january 2007 to december 2007. table 1. market share of dodol seaweed agroindustry producers 1 year period (january december 2007) producer annual production capacity (kg) market share (%) cv. gumindo 1,600 9.77 gallic artha ethar 2,400 14.66 cv. sea sari 1050 6,41 tiara mustika 3,000 18.33 pt. eternal mighty tirta 1,700 10.38 seaweed harmony 2,000 12,22 sari pearl 1,120 6,84 agroindo mighty 1,000 6,11 nobility 2,500 15,27 total 16,370 100 source: primary data, processed 2009 from the calculation above, it can be seen that the nine dodol seaweed agro-industries have a market share below 20%. tiara mustika owns the largest market share, namely 18.33%, budi luhur 15.12%, galic artha ethar 14.66, seaweed harmoni 12.22%, pt tirta perkasa abadi 10.38%, cv. gumindo 9.77%, mutiara sari 7%, cv. sari laut 6.41%, and the smallest is agroindo perkasa of 6.11%. from the total market share of each agroindustry, it appears that the market structure formed is a monopolistic market structure, namely between 10-20%. cr4 is calculated by adding up the 4 companies that have the largest total market share. the cr4 calculation yields a result of 60.41 indicating that the market structure formed is a monopolistic market structure. ihh is calculated by adding up the square of each company's market share in an industry. the ihh calculation in appendix 20 shows the results between 1000 < hhi < 1800 which indicates that the agro-industry market share is a type of market between tight monopolistic and loose oligopolistic. b. product differentiation the differentiation of seaweed dodol products can be seen in terms of quality, packaging weight, and packaging shape. 66 ❒ issn : 2302-9625 (print) 2828-6316 (online) agripreneur, vol. 11, no. 2 december 2022: pp 63-69 table 2. different forms of seaweed dodol from each agro-industry in lekok district no company forms of differentiation quality packaging weight (gram) packaging form 1 cv. gumindo superior, standard, mini 200 , 300, 500 boxes, baskets, mica 2 gallic artha ethar superior, standard 300, 500 mica plastic 3 cv. sea sari standard, mini 150, 300, 500 box, plastic 4 tiara mustika superior, standard, mini 150, 200, 300 box, mica, plastic, basket 5 pt. eternal mighty tirta superior, standard, mini 150,200,500 box, mica, plastic 6 seaweed harmony superior, mini 300, 500 box, mica, basket 7 sari pearl superior, mini 150, 200,300 box, mica, plastic 8 agroindo mighty standard 350 mika, plastics 9 nobility superior, standard 300, 200, 350 box, mica, plastic, basket source: primary data, 2009 3.2 market behavior research on the behavior of the seaweed dodol market is more focused on pricing policy methods, marketing channels (distribution channels), and marketing functions. price can be defined simply as the value of an item or service as measured by an amount of money where based on that value a person or company is willing to release the goods or services owned by another party. in the pricing method, there are several factors that must be considered by a producer, which affect the pricing itself, including: cost factors, competitor output prices, market segmentation. 3.3 market performance market performance is defined as how the marketing system that is formed can meet the social goals and objectives of all market participants. market performance can be evaluated by measuring: analysis of marketing margin distribution; distribution of shares; r/c analysis. the results of the research on the seaweed dodol marketing system in lekok district show that there are three types of marketing channels. each of these marketing agencies performs different marketing functions based on the marketing function activities carried out by each marketing agency, so that marketing margin calculations can be carried out. marketing margin analysis is used to find out whether marketers' margins or profits have been distributed fairly among each of the marketing agencies involved. thus a market can be assessed as efficient or not in carrying out activities. this margin calculation is carried out to determine the distribution of margins, shares, and profits or costs at each marketing agency. 3.4 the relationship between structure, behavior and market performance of seaweed dodol agroindustry in pasuruan regency in relation to market behavior, four concepts will be discussed in the market structure, namely market concentration, product differentiation, entry and exit barriers to the market, and market information. a. degree of market concentration in the degree of market concentration there is one variable, namely the quantity of 67 jurnal pertanian agribisnis issn: 2302-9625 (print) 2828-6316 (online) satria fathan abror-analysis of structure, behavior and performance of the seaweed dodol agroindustry market in lekok district, pasuruan regency products in each producer which will be associated with nine variables of market behavior, including: type of marketing agency, location of marketing agency, physical function and facility function. for the storage function, it is relative that the more goods are produced, the greater the storage function performed. cv. mutiara sari has higher storage costs because it stores raw materials in large quantities. the transportation function that is carried out also does not apply that the more goods are produced, the greater the transportation function. but depending on how each company can create efficiency so that the cost of transportation used is also getting smaller. for the biggest transportation costs is cv. mutiara sari with a total of 3,409, but with a level of production capacity that is not higher than tiara mustika. b. product differentiation in product differentiation, there are three variables, namely product quality in each manufacturer, weight and packaging form which will be associated with one variable from market behavior, namely output pricing, which is measured by production costs per kg and market segmentation. the content of seaweed raw materials used to make seaweed dodol products greatly affects the quality of the product. the greater the percentage of raw seaweed used, the better quality seaweed dodol will be produced. good quality seaweed dodol products, of course, are sold at a higher price, because they require more seaweed raw materials. good product quality will affect the setting of high prices. the higher the price of seaweed dodol, it will affect the consumer segment that buys it. consumers in the lower middle segment will certainly buy seaweed dodol products at a lower price. c. market exit barriers in terms of entry and exit barriers to the market, there are two variables, namely: investment capital and production costs which will be associated with one variable from market behavior, namely: output pricing as measured by production costs and the marketing function. production cost is a very influential factor on the continuity of the company's production. the higher the production costs owned by the seaweed dodol agro-industry, the higher the price of the product that is set. besides affecting prices, production costs will also affect marketing functions. the greater the production costs, the producers will tend to suppress marketing functions. d. market information in market information there are three variables, namely information on raw material prices, location of raw materials and market locations, which will be associated with nine variables of market behavior, including: output prices, location of marketing institutions, physical functions and facilities functions. the high production costs are of course influenced by raw materials, so that the nine seaweed dodol producers need to know information about price developments for seaweed raw materials. the more complete and abundant information about seaweed raw materials will help producers to get the lowest prices, which in turn will reduce production costs and increase profits. the location or location of the seaweed raw materials will affect the cost. the farther the location of the raw materials from the seaweed dodol agro-industry, the higher the production costs. the locations of agents and retailers are influenced by market location information. 68 ❒ issn : 2302-9625 (print) 2828-6316 (online) agripreneur, vol. 11, no. 2 december 2022: pp 63-69 with the location of agents and retailers in each market location, it will make it easier for producers to expand the market. e. summary of linkages between market structure and market behavior between market structure and behavior has a very close relationship through the concepts and variables. the market share of producers who are getting bigger makes producers carry out their marketing activities even bigger, through the selection of locations and types of marketing institutions that are increasingly broad and varied, as well as more complex marketing functions. the company's product differentiation in the form of quality, packaging form, and packaging weight will affect the behavior of producers in pricing and market segmentation. the higher the quality of the product, the higher the cost of production, thus affecting the price of the product. the high price of the product makes the market segmentation served is the upper middle class. market information includes information on raw material prices, as well as market locations. information on raw material prices can reduce production costs and increase storage costs, because when prices fall producers have to buy seaweed in larger quantities so storage costs increase. information about the location of raw materials can reduce production costs, risk and transportation functions because with closer raw material locations, producers can reduce production costs. the risk borne due to damage becomes smaller. market location information will also greatly influence producers in making decisions in determining the location of marketing channels so that marketing becomes more efficient. f. summary of linkages between market behavior and market performance there is a very close relationship between market behavior and performance, because the conditions on how producers behave in the market will affect how producers carry out their marketing activities to be efficient. the pricing policy relates to margin, share and r/c ratio of marketing activities carried out by producers. the higher the price set, the greater the margin and the smaller the share, so that marketing becomes unethical. however, setting a high price with a high level of profit will make the seaweed dodol agro-industry feasible to develop. the marketing agencies involved and the marketing functions carried out in marketing also affect the size of marketing margins. the more the number of marketing agencies involved and the marketing functions performed, the greater the margin, so that marketing becomes inefficient. 4. conclusion the market behavior that is formed reflects the market structure, where the level of competition is getting tougher because certain product differentiation is needed to win market competition, both in terms of product, price and marketing functions, namely physical functions and facility functions, to improve product quality. in setting prices, producers pay close attention to cost factors and competitor factors, in addition to other factors such as market segmentation. in marketing, manufacturers use a variety of marketing agencies, namely agents and retailers. there is a close relationship between market structure and the behavior and performance of the seaweed dodol agro-industry market and vice versa. this can be seen from the market structure of the seaweed dodol agro-industry, which is monopolistic in form, which will affect how producers behave, which is reflected in pricing policies, marketing channels and 69 jurnal pertanian agribisnis issn: 2302-9625 (print) 2828-6316 (online) satria fathan abror-analysis of structure, behavior and performance of the seaweed dodol agroindustry market in lekok district, pasuruan regency marketing functions that are carried out. from the conditions of monopolistic competition, in setting prices, producers pay close attention to competitors' conditions, cost factors, and market segmentation. in addition to price fixing, the monopolistic market structure that is formed also influences the marketing activities of producers through the type and location of marketing agencies and marketing functions. the more the number of marketing agencies and the marketing functions carried out will make marketing performance inefficient. this condition will affect market behavior, where producers will reduce their marketing costs and tend to use marketing channels from producers directly to consumers. ineffective marketing performance conditions can 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(3:1); (2:1); (1:1) and the application of liquid organic fertilizer with four levels of 0 cc/l; 2 cc/l; 4 cc/l; 6 cc/l. the observed parameters were plant height (cm), stem diameter (mm), root volume (cm3), total leaf area (cm2), dry weight of root (g), dry weight of shoot (g), and shoot-root ratio. the result showed that chicken manure treatment significantly increased the plant height, stem diameter, root volume, total leaf area, dry weight of root, dry weight of root and shoot-root ratio. the application of liquid organic fertilizer significantly increased the total leaf area parameter. the interaction between both treatments significantly increased dry weight of root, dry weight of shoot and total leaf area parameters. keywords: seeds, robusta coffee, chicken manure, poc 1. introduction coffee is an export commodity that is quite important for the indonesian economy because foreign exchange earnings from coffee rank fourth after timber, rubber and palm oil. indonesia is known as the third largest robusta coffee exporter in the world after brazil and colombia (wachyar et al., 2002). the composition of ownership of coffee plantations in indonesia is dominated by people's plantations (pr) with a portion of 96% of the total area in indonesia, of which 2% are state large plantations (pbn) and 2% are large private plantations (pbs). this position shows that the role of coffee farmers in the national economy is quite significant (ditjenbun, 2013) statistical data for 2013 – 2015 the composition of robusta coffee plantations cultivated in indonesia increased by 2% to reach 931,405 hectares, consisting of people's plantations covering an area of 894,146 hectares, state plantations 15,427 hectares, and private plantations 21,831 hectares (ditjenbun, 2014)  issn 2302-9625 agripreneur, vol.10, no. 1 june 2021: pp 19-27 20 the problem faced in coffee cultivation in indonesia is the low quality of indonesian robusta coffee. for this reason, currently coffee is mostly cultivated or produced organically with the term organic coffee (winarni et al., 2013). organic coffee cultivation can be used as an alternative in improving the quality of indonesian robusta coffee. organic coffee is an environmentally friendly agricultural product. compared to using chemical (inorganic) fertilizers, the use of organic fertilizers will save garden maintenance costs by up to 30% (arif et al., 2011) in indonesia, organically grown coffee is found in several areas. several researchers have identified several organic coffees in several areas, such as in the gayo highlands, aceh, at pt. nusantara xii plantations, east java and in menoreh, central java. organic coffee is exported at a premium (dradjat et al., 2007). in addition to improving quality, organic coffee cultivation can be used as an alternative in increasing the selling price. the background of consumer awareness of agricultural products that are free or very little using synthetic chemical inputs. this is reflected in the appreciation of consumers who are willing to pay higher prices for chemical-free food products compared to similar products produced conventionally. (goenadi et al., 1997). one source of organic nutrients that can be used to support organic coffee cultivation is manure. manure has natural properties and does not damage the soil, providing macro (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and sulfur) and micro elements (iron, zinc, boron, cobalt, and molybdenium). in addition, manure functions to increase water resistance, soil microbiological activity, cation exchange capacity and improve soil structure (yuliana and permanasari, 2015). the application of organic fertilizers can improve the growth and productivity of coffee plants. this is because the application of organic fertilizers has a major role in supporting the improvement of physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil, as well as increasing the availability of nutrients in the soil (kadir and kanro, 2006). 2. materials and methods the research was carried out on land located on jl. karya bakti, ex. pangkalan mansyur, kec. medan johor, north sumatra, medan at an altitude of ±32 meters above sea level (asl). the research was conducted from may to september 2016. the materials used in this study were robusta coffee seeds aged 1 month from a nursery belonging to a farmer group (taniras) lau cih village, medan tuntungan district, north sumatra (bp42 variety), topsoil, chicken manure (manure), organic fertilizer. liquid (poc), polybag with a size of 25 x 30 cm (5 kg), water and label. the tools used in this study were hoe, sickle, hammer, wire, pliers, paranet, bamboo, machete, sprayer, meter, caliper , plastic rope, glass beaker, scales, sample pacak, bucket and knife. this study used a randomized block design (rak) with 2 factors. the results of the analysis of variance showed a significant effect, then continued with the duncan multiple range test (dmrt) and orthogonal polynomials at the 5% level. agripreneur: jurnal pertanian agribisnis issn 2302-9625  ahmad ridwan lubis-the response of robusta coffee seed growth (coffea robusta l.) to the provision of chicken manure and liquid organic fertilizer 21 3. results and discussion results in the treatment, the concentration of liquid organic fertilizer had a significant effect on the observed variables of total leaf area. the interaction between chicken manure and liquid organic fertilizer had a significant effect on root dry weight, shoot dry weight and total leaf area. seedling height the observation data on the height of coffee seedlings aged 2-16 mspt and its variance showed that chicken manure had a significant effect on the height of coffee seedlings aged 9-16 mspt, the concentration of liquid organic fertilizer and the interaction of the two had no significant effect on the height of coffee seedlings. table 1. the height of coffee seedlings aged 2-16 mspt on chicken manure treatment and concentration liquid organic fertilizer. mspt chicken cage (topsoil:pukan) poc concentration (ml/l) average p0 (0) p1 (2) p2 (4) p3 (6) ..............................cm................................. ........... k0 (1:0) 8.21 7.31 7.77 8.10 7.85 2 k1 (3:1) 7.54 7.76 7.43 6.62 7.34 k2 (2:1) 6.32 7.07 7.58 7.61 7.14 k3 (1:1) 8.01 8.06 7.04 8.02 7.78 average 7.52 7.55 7.46 7.59 7.53 k0 (1:0) 8.27 7.34 8.27 8.19 8.02 3 k1 (3:1) 7.80 8.04 7.76 7.09 7.67 k2 (2:1) 6.51 7.49 7.84 8.00 7.46 k3 (1:1) 8.18 8.37 7.23 8.23 8.00 average 7.69 7.81 7.78 7.88 7.79 k0 (1:0) 8.34 7.83 8.57 8.34 8.27 4 k1 (3:1) 8.07 8.24 8.01 7.82 8.04 k2 (2:1) 6.90 7.81 8.13 8.53 7.84 k3 (1:1) 8.59 8.56 7.57 8.64 8.34 average 7.98 8.11 8.07 8.34 8.12 k0 (1:0) 8.57 8.23 8.99 8.44 8.56 5 k1 (3:1) 8.66 8.81 8.33 8.23 8.51 k2 (2:1) 7.44 8.29 8.52 8.83 8.27 k3 (1:1) 9.09 8.77 8.06 8.94 8.71 average 8.44 8.53 8.48 8.61 8.51 k0 (1:0) 8.76 8.47 9.40 8.77 8.85 6 k1 (3:1) 10.01 9.29 8.59 8.79 9.17 k2 (2:1) 7.78 9.17 8.91 9.40 8.81 k3 (1:1) 9.91 8.92 8.49 9.34 9.17 average 9.11 8.96 8.85 9.08 9.00 k0 (1:0) 9.19 9.36 9.99 9.84 9.59 7 k1 (3:1) 10.86 10.47 10.21 9.44 10.24 k2 (2:1) 8.62 10.57 10.81 10.46 10,11 k3 (1:1) 10.42 9.92 9.23 10.23 9.95 average 9.77 10.08 10.06 9.99 9.98 k0 (1:0) 9.30 9.93 10,40 10,14 9.94 8 k1 (3:1) 11.74 11.37 11.08 10,30 11.12 k2 (2:1) 9.27 11.60 12.27 11.56 11.17 k3 (1:1) 11.27 10.42 9.87 10.93 10.62  issn 2302-9625 agripreneur, vol.10, no. 1 june 2021: pp 19-27 22 mspt chicken cage (topsoil:pukan) poc concentration (ml/l) average p0 (0) p1 (2) p2 (4) p3 (6) average 10.39 10.83 10.90 10.73 10.72 k0 (1:0) 9.72 10.33 10.93 10.63 10.41b 9 k1 (3:1) 13.18 12.30 12.22 11.08 12.19a k2 (2:1) 10.27 13.02 13.51 12.33 12.28a k3 (1:1) 12.51 11.28 10.36 11.78 11.48ab average 11.42 11.73 11.76 11.46 11.59 description: numbers followed by the same letter in the same column or row and in the same week of observation showed no significant difference in the test duncan's multiple distance at level = 5% table 1 shows that at the age of 2-3 mspt the highest coffee seedling height was obtained in the k0 treatment which was not significantly different from the other treatments. at the age of 4-6 mspt the highest coffee seedling height was obtained in the k3 treatment which was not significantly different from the other treatments. at the age of 7 mspt, the highest coffee seedling height was obtained in k1 treatment which was not significantly different from other treatments. at the age of 8-16 mspt the highest coffee seedling height was obtained in k2 treatment where at the age of 8 mspt it was not significantly different from other treatments, while at the age of 9-15 mspt it was not significantly different from k1 and k3 treatments, but significantly different from k0, then at age 16 mspt was significantly different from treatment k0 and k3, but not significantly different from treatment k1. rod diameter the stem diameter of coffee seedlings in the treatment of manure and liquid organic fertilizer can be seen in table 2. observation data on stem diameter of coffee seedlings aged 2-16 mspt and its variance showed that chicken manure had a significant effect on stem diameter of coffee seedlings aged 9-16 mspt, concentration liquid organic fertilizer and their interaction had no significant effect on stem diameter of coffee seedlings. table 2. stem diameter of coffee seedlings aged 2-16 mspt on treatment of chicken manure and concentration of liquid organic fertilizer mspt chicken cage (topsoil:pukan) poc concentration (ml/l) average p0 (0) p1 (2) p2 (4) p3 (6) ..............................mm................................. ........... k0 (1:0) 1.70 1.63 1.89 1.73 1.74 2 k1 (3:1) 1.71 1.64 1.70 1.69 1.68 k2 (2:1) 1.49 1.60 1.75 1.66 1.62 k3 (1:1) 1.66 1.69 1.62 1.76 1.68 average 1.64 1.64 1.74 1.71 1.68 k0 (1:0) 1.70 1.65 1.89 1.74 1.75 3 k1 (3:1) 1.74 1.64 1.74 1.72 1.71 k2 (2:1) 1.49 1.62 1.76 1.67 1.64 k3 (1:1) 1.67 1.69 1.67 1.79 1.71 average 1.65 1.65 1.77 1.73 1.70 k0 (1:0) 1.72 1.72 1.90 1.76 1.78 4 k1 (3:1) 1.77 1.67 1.77 1.74 1.74 k2 (2:1) 1.57 1.66 1.81 1.72 1.69 k3 (1:1) 1.72 1.71 1.70 1.84 1.74 average 1.69 1.69 1.79 1.77 1.74 k0 (1:0) 1.76 1.77 1.94 1.82 1.82 agripreneur: jurnal pertanian agribisnis issn 2302-9625  ahmad ridwan lubis-the response of robusta coffee seed growth (coffea robusta l.) to the provision of chicken manure and liquid organic fertilizer 23 5 k1 (3:1) 1.82 1.73 1.88 1.80 1.81 k2 (2:1) 1.63 1.72 1.89 1.80 1.76 k3 (1:1) 1.79 1.81 1.73 1.89 1.81 average 1.75 1.76 1.86 1.83 1.80 k0 (1:0) 1.82 1.79 2.02 1.82 1.86 6 k1 (3:1) 1.83 1.78 1.89 1.80 1.83 k2 (2:1) 1.66 1.79 1.93 1.81 1.80 k3 (1:1) 1.83 1.84 1.75 1.96 1.84 average 1.78 1.80 1.90 1.85 1.83 k0 (1:0) 1.84 1.82 2.03 1.90 1.90 7 k1 (3:1) 2.08 1.87 1.95 1.85 1.94 k2 (2:1) 1.67 1.92 2.01 1.86 1.86 k3 (1:1) 1.91 1.92 1.83 1.98 1.91 average 1.88 1.88 1.96 1.90 1.90 k0 (1:0) 1.85 1.88 1.98 1.92 1.91 8 k1 (3:1) 2.20 1.97 2.05 2.00 2.05 k2 (2:1) 1.70 2.14 2.23 2.05 2.03 k3 (1:1) 2.03 2.09 1.98 2.12 2.06 average 1.95 2.02 2.06 2.02 2.01 k0 (1:0) 1.96 1.97 2.08 1.99 2.00b 9 k1 (3:1) 2.32 2.16 2.23 2.10 2.20a k2 (2:1) 1.86 2.35 2.45 2.23 2.22a k3 (1:1) 2.19 2.19 2.09 2.30 2.19a average 2.08 2.17 2.21 2.16 2.15 description: numbers followed by the same letter in the same column or row and in the same week of observation showed no significant difference in the test duncan's multiple distance at the level of = 5%. table 2 shows that at the age of 2-6 mspt, the highest stem diameter of coffee seedlings was obtained in treatment k0 which was not significantly different from other treatments. at the age of 7, 10-15 mspt, the highest stem diameter of coffee seedlings was obtained in treatment k1 where at age 7 mspt was not significantly different from other treatments, while at the age of 10-15 mspt it was not significantly different from k2 and k3, but significantly different from k0. . at ages 8, 9, and 16 mspt, the highest stem diameter of coffee seedlings was obtained in treatment k2 where at age 8 mspt was not significantly different from other treatments, while at age 9 mspt it was not significantly different from treatments k1 and k3, but significantly different from k0, while at the age of 16 mspt was not significantly different from k1 treatment, but significantly different from k0 and k3. root volume data for observing the volume of roots of coffee seedlings aged 16 mspt and its variance can be seen in appendix 68-71 which shows that chicken manure has a significant effect on root volume of coffee seedlings aged 16 mspt, the concentration of liquid organic fertilizer and their interaction has no significant effect on root dry weight. coffee seeds. table 3. root volume of coffee seedlings aged 16 mspt in manure treatment chicken and concentration of liquid organic fertilizer. chicken manure (topsoil:pukan) poc concentration (ml/l p0 (0) p1 (2) p2 (4) p3 (6) average ................................cm3................. ............... k0 (1:0) 0.43 0.58 1.83 0.25 0.78b  issn 2302-9625 agripreneur, vol.10, no. 1 june 2021: pp 19-27 24 chicken manure (topsoil:pukan) poc concentration (ml/l p0 (0) p1 (2) p2 (4) p3 (6) average ................................cm3................. ............... k1 (3:1) 4.00 3.00 1.25 2.42 2.67a k2 (2:1) 1.42 5.25 4.08 1.75 3.13a k3 (1:1) 4.42 3.58 1.58 2.33 2.98a average 2.57 3.10 2.19 1.69 2.39 description: numbers followed by the same letter in the same column or row and in the same week of observation showed no significant difference in the test duncan's multiple distance at the level of = 5%. the volume of coffee seed roots in the treatment of manure and liquid organic fertilizer can be seen in table 3. table 3 shows that at the age of 16 mspt the highest root volume of coffee seeds was obtained in treatment k2, which was 3.13 cm3, which was significantly different from treatment k0, which was 0, 78 cm3 but not significantly different from the treatment k1 (2.67 cm3) and k3 (2.98 cm3) total leaf area data on the total leaf area of coffee seedlings aged 16 mspt and their variance can be seen in appendix 72-74 which shows that chicken manure, liquid organic fertilizer concentration and their interaction have a significant effect on the total leaf area of coffee seedlings aged 16 mspt. table 4. the total leaf area of coffee seedlings aged 16 mspt in the treatment of chicken manure and concentration of liquid organic fertilizer chicken manure (topsoil:pukan) poc concentration (ml/l p0 (0) p1 (2) p2 (4) p3 (6) average ................................cm3................. ............... k0 (1:0) 74.90f 33.36g 190.65f 262.14f 140.26c k1 (3:1) 711.54bcde 798.01abc 868,14ab 570.59de 737.07a k2 (2:1) 784.39abcd 975.04a 577,40cde 611.44cde 737.07a k3 (1:1) 662.51bcde 757,16abcd 530.42e 511.35e 615.36b average 558,33ab 640.89a 541.65ab 488,88b 557.44 description: numbers followed by the same letter in the same column or row and in the same week of observation showed no significant difference in the test duncan's multiple distance at the level of = 5%. table 4 shows that at the age of 16 mspt the highest total leaf area of coffee seedlings was obtained in treatments k2 and k1, namely 737.07 cm2 which was significantly different from treatments k0 (140,26 cm2) and k3 (615.36 cm2). at the age of 16 mspt the highest total leaf area of coffee seedlings was obtained at a concentration of liquid organic fertilizer 2 ml/l (p1), which was 640.89 cm2 which was significantly different from the p3 treatment, which was 488.88 cm2 and at the age of 16 mspt the interaction between manure the highest chicken and liquid organic fertilizer was obtained in the k2p1 treatment (975.04 cm2) and the lowest was in the k0p0 treatment (74.90 cm2) agripreneur: jurnal pertanian agribisnis issn 2302-9625  ahmad ridwan lubis-the response of robusta coffee seed growth (coffea robusta l.) to the provision of chicken manure and liquid organic fertilizer 25 root dry weight table 5. root dry weight of coffee seedlings aged 16 mspt on chicken manure treatment and concentration liquid organic fertilizer . chicken manure (topsoil:pukan) poc concentration (ml/l p0 (0) p1 (2) p2 (4) p3 (6) average ..................................g............... ................... k0 (1:0) 0.13e 0.27de 0.73cde 0.20de 0.33b k1 (3:1) 1.53ab 0.93bcd 0.83bcde 1.10bc 1.10a k2 (2:1) 0.43cde 1.87a 1.17abc 0.67cde 1.03a k3 (1:1) 0.93bcd 1.07bc 0.63cde 0.70cde 0.83a average 0.76 1.03 0.84 0.67 0.83 description: numbers followed by the same letter in the same column or row and in the same week of observation showed no significant difference in the test duncan's multiple distance at the level of = 5%. root dry weight of coffee seedlings in the treatment of manure and liquid organic fertilizer can be seen in table 5. observation data on dry weight of roots of coffee seedlings aged 16 mspt and its variance can be seen in appendix 75-77 which shows that chicken manure has a significant effect on root dry weight. coffee seedlings aged 16 mspt, the concentration of liquid organic fertilizer had no significant effect on root dry weight of coffee seedlings, and the interaction between the two treatments had a significant effect on root dry weight of coffee seedlings aged 16 mspt. table 5 shows that at the age of 16 mspt, the highest root dry weight of coffee seedlings was obtained in treatment k1 (1.10 g) which was significantly different from treatment k0 (0.33 g), but not significantly different from treatment k2 (1.03 g). and k3 (0.83 g). head dry weight (g) table 6. the dry weight of the crown of coffee seedlings aged 16 mspt in the treatment of chicken manure and concentration of liquid organic fertilizer. chicken manure (topsoil:pukan) poc concentration (ml/l p0 (0) p1 (2) p2 (4) p3 (6) average ..................................g............... ................... k0 (1:0) 0.77f 1.00ef 1.56def 0.77f 1.02c k1 (3:1) 4.63abc 3.63bcd 3.17bcde 3.73bcd 3.70ab k2 (2:1) 2.33cdef 6.90a 4.73ab 3.13bcde 4.27a k3 (1:1) 3.57bcd 3.27bcde 2.33cdef 2.8bcdef 2.99b average 2.83 3.70 2.95 2.61 3.02 description: numbers followed by the same letter in the same column or row and in the same week of observation showed no significant difference in the test duncan's multiple distance at the level of = 5%. observation data on shoot dry weight of coffee seedlings aged 16 mspt and its variance can be seen in appendix 78-80 which shows that chicken manure has a significant effect on root dry weight of coffee seedlings aged 16 mspt, concentration of liquid organic fertilizer has no significant effect on root dry weight of seedlings. coffee, and the  issn 2302-9625 agripreneur, vol.10, no. 1 june 2021: pp 19-27 26 interaction between the two treatments had a significant effect on shoot dry weight of coffee seedlings aged 16 mspt. table 6 shows that at the age of 16 mspt, the highest root dry weight of coffee seedlings was obtained in treatment k2 (4.27 g) which was significantly different from treatment k0 (1.02 g) and k3 (2.99 g), but not significantly different from k1 treatment (3.70 g). root-top ratio table 7. root-root ratio of coffee seedlings aged 16 mspt on chicken manure treatment and concentration liquid organic fertilizer. chicken manure (topsoil:pukan) poc concentration (ml/l p0 (0) p1 (2) p2 (4) p3 (6) average ..................................g............... ................... k0 (1:0) 5.67 5.25 2.49 5.28 4.67b k1 (3:1) 2.88 4.57 4.01 3.36 3.71a k2 (2:1) 5.68 3.64 4.20 5.16 4.67a k3 (1:1) 4.18 3.13 3.89 4.00 3.80a average 4.60 4.15 3.65 4.45 4.21 description: numbers followed by the same letter in the same column or rowthe same and on the same week of observation showed no significant difference in the distance test duncan's multiple at the level of = 5% the observation data on the shoot-root ratio of coffee seedlings aged 16 mspt and its variance can be seen in appendix 81-84 which shows that chicken manure has a significant effect on the shoot-root ratio of coffee seedlings aged 16 mspt, the concentration of liquid organic fertilizer and the interaction of the two have no significant effect. on root dry weight of coffee seeds. table 7 also shows that at the age of 16 mspt, the highest shoot-root ratio of coffee seedlings was obtained at a concentration of 2 ml/l (p1) liquid organic fertilizer which was not significantly different from the other treatments. 4. conclusion chicken manure treatment significantly increased seedling height, stem diameter, root volume, total leaf area, root dry weight and shoot dry weight to a certain extent. liquid organic fertilizer treatment had no significant effect on seedling height, stem diameter, root volume, root dry weight. , crown dry weight and crown-root ratio but significantly increased the total leaf area to a certain extent. the interaction between chicken manure and liquid organic fertilizer had no significant effect on seedling height, stem diameter, root volume, and root-to-root ratio but had a significant effect on root dry weight, shoot dry weight and total leaf area. 5. reference wachjar, a., y. setiadi dan l. w. mardhikanto. 2002. pengaruh pupuk organik dan intensitas naungan terhadap pertumbuhan bibit kopi robusta (coffea canephora pierre ex froehner). bogor: jurusan budidata agripreneur: jurnal pertanian agribisnis issn 2302-9625  ahmad ridwan lubis-the response of robusta coffee seed growth (coffea robusta l.) to the provision of chicken manure and liquid organic fertilizer 27 ditjenbun. 2013. kopi berkelanjutan. kementrian pertanian, direktorat jendral perkebunan.http://ditjenbun.pertanian.go.id/pascapanen/berita-203 kopiberkelanjutan.html [28 april 2016]. arif, m. c. w., m. tarigan, r. saragih dan f. rahmadani. 2011. panduan sekolah lapangan budidaya kopi konservasi. indonesia: conservation international indonesia. goenadi, d. h., r. saraswati, n. a. nganro, j. s. adiningsih. 1997. mikroba pelarut hara dan pemantap agregat sebagai biofertilizer untuk meningkatkan daya dukung tanah ultisols bagi tanaman kakao. riset unggulan terpadu (rut) 11. laporan akhir. dewan riset nasional dan kantor menteri negara riset dan teknologi. proyek pusat penelitian ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi. yuliana, e. r. dan i. permanasari. 2015. aplikasi pupuk kandang sapi dan ayam terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman jahe (zingiber officinale rosc.) di media gambut. jurnal agroteknologi, 5(2): 37-42 kadir, s. dan m. z. karno. 2006. pengaruh pupuk organik terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi kopi arabika, jurnal agrivigor vol.6 (1) : 85 – 92 agripreneur, 11 (2) (2022) pp. 70-77 journal homepage: www.iocscience.org/ejournal/index.php/agripreneur agripreneur : jurnal pertanian agribisnis is licensed under a creative commons attribution-noncommercial 4.0 international license (cc by-nc 4.0). published by: iocscience agripreneur : jurnal pertanian agribisnis journal homepage: www.iocscience.org/ejournal/index.php/agripreneur journal homepage: www.iocscience.org/ejournal/index.php/agripreneur effect of dosage and interval of glyphosate and oxyfluorphen herbicide on the growth and results of soybean (glicyne max l. merr) sholihul a’mal faculty of agriculture, brawijaya university, indonesia email: amalsholihul@gmail.com abstract this study aims to study and determine the effect of the application of glyphosate and oxyfluorfen to suppress weed growth on soybean plantations with different application doses and time intervals. the research was conducted in february may 2009 in jatikerto village, malang. this research was designed using a randomized design. factorial group (rak) factorial, two treatment factors with 3 replications: factor i (percentage of herbicide doses) p1: 25% glyphosate herbicide + 75% oxyfluorfen herbicide, p2: 50% glyphosate herbicide + 50% oxyfluorfen herbicide, p3: 75 % glyphosate herbicide + 25% oxyfluorfen herbicide. factor ii (application time interval): h1: glyphosate and oxyfluorfen mixed, h2: oxyfluorfen herbicide spraying followed by glyphosate herbicide without time interval, h3: spraying oxyfluorfen herbicide one day later followed by glyphosate herbicide. observation of weeds was carried out by means of vegetation analysis at the age of 0, 14, 28, 42, 56 days after spraying. the experimental results showed that the percentage of glyphosate + oxyfluorfen herbicide doses and the time interval of spraying had an effect on the variables of plant height, number of leaves, leaf area and total plant dry weight. the combined treatment of 25% gifphosphate herbicide + 75% oxyfluorfen by mixing the two types of herbicides resulted in better plant growth results when compared to other combination treatments. the effect of the treatment on crop yield/land area showed that the percentage dose treatment had no significant effect on yield/plant variables, but the day interval treatment in the herbicide mixing treatment (h1) was able to increase the yield/plant 24,983% from the one day interval treatment. mixing two types of glyphosate and oxyfluorfen herbicides with various dosage percentages was able to increase the growth and yield of soybean plants. keywords: spraying, glyphosate, oxifluorfen, soybean. 1. introduction soybean production (glycine max l.) in indonesia has decreased, in 2006 it only reached 746,611 tons and in 2007 it was only 608,000 tons, causing imports of 1.3 million tons in 2007, therefore efforts to increase soybean production in indonesia need attention. considering the potential of the land is quite large, technology and other resources are quite available. factors that cause a decrease in soybean yields in indonesia include the problem of drought, high intensity of rain during harvest, floods, pest attacks and what is no less important is the existence of competition in weeds. if the maintenance is less intensive, the soybean plants will compete with weeds, resulting in decreased yields, so it is necessary to control weeds. weed control with one type of herbicide is not efficient. such control causes several types of resistant weeds which are increasingly difficult to control in the future and cause a shift in weeds. to prevent and minimize the opportunity for weed growth in the soybean area, more than one type of herbicide is used. one of several methods of chemical weed control is the use of a combination of glyphosate and oxyfluorfen herbicides. mixing of herbicides can be done with the condition that the two herbicides have different active ingredients and have the same acid-base properties so that when they are mixed no precipitate or reaction occurs. 71 jurnal pertanian agribisnis issn: 2302-9625 (print) 2828-6316 (online) sholihul a’mal-effect of dosage and interval of glyphosate and oxyfluorphen herbicide on the growth and results of soybean (glicyne max l. merr) glyphosate and oxyfluorfen herbicides have a good level of effectiveness in controlling weeds on soybean plants. glyphosate is a non-selective and systemic herbicide that can control most of the perennial weeds. the advantage of glyphosate herbicides is that they kill weeds by inhibiting the synthesis of aromatic amino acids needed to form protein in plants. glyphosate has a high absorption rate on soil particles, thereby reducing the leaching effect or loss of herbicides from the soil surface so that they are not harmful to the environment. oxifluorfen is a pre-emergence herbicide that has contact and non-systemic properties. oxyfluorphene herbicides are very effective in controlling broadleaf weeds and some types of grasses. but less able to control grunting (cynodon dactylon) and teki (cyperus rotundus). in the plant body, these herbicides are toxic to living plant cells. in addition, the herbicide oxyfluorfen has the ability to inhibit respiration and photosynthesis as a result of which cell division and development and the translocation of food materials to the meristematic areas of roots and stems are disrupted. 2. methods 2.1 location and time the research was conducted in jatiketo village, malang regency, + 303 m asl, alfisol soil type, soil ph: 5.5 6.7; minimum temperature 18 210 c maximum temperature 30-330 c, average rainfall 100 mm / month, since february may 2009. 2.2 tools and materials the tools used in this study included hoes, hammers, rulers, lams, ovens, sprayers, ovens, measuring cups, square squares and analytical scales. the materials used in this study include urea (45% n), sp36 (36% p2o5) and kcl (60% k2o). furadan 3g pesticide akocytrin 50 ec. herbicide with the active ingredient glyphosate 5 l ha-1 and herbicide with the active ingredient oxyfluorfen 1.5 l ha-1. 2.3 research methods this study was designed in a factorial randomized block design (rak factorial) with two treatment factors: factor i (percentage of herbicide doses) p1: 25% glyphosate herbicide + 75% oxyfluorfen herbicide p2: 50% glyphosate herbicide + 50% oxyfluorfen herbicide p3: 75 % glyphosate herbicide + 25% oxyfluorfen herbicide factor ii (application time interval) h1: glyphosate and oxyfluorphen herbicide mixed h2: oxyfluorphen herbicide spraying followed by glyphosate herbicide without time interval. h3: spraying oxyfluorfen herbicide one day later followed by glyphosate herbicide. 2.4 research implementation the research was carried out with the following activities: land preparation, herbicide application preparation, planting, fertilizing, plant maintenance (embroidery, watering, pest and disease control, weeding, harvesting). 2.5 observation observation of plant growth characteristics and yields was carried out destructively by taking 2 sample plants for each treatment combination. observations were made at intervals of 15 days, when the plants were 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 hst and harvested. the observed plant growth characteristics included: number of leaves, plant height, total plant dry weight. the yield components observed included: total number of pods, weight of 100 seeds and dry weight of seeds/plant. 72 ❒ issn : 2302-9625 (print) 2828-6316 (online) agripreneur, vol. 11, no. 2 december 2022: pp 70-77 2.6 data analysis the data obtained were analyzed using analysis of variance and the f test was carried out at the 5% level. if the test results show a significant difference, then proceed with the duncan's distance test (ujd) at the 5% level. 3. results and discussion 3.1 observation of soybean plants a. plant height the results of the analysis of variance on the variables plant height were affected by the interaction of the percentage doses of glyphosate + oxyfluorfen and the time interval of spraying at 15 days after planting and did not differ significantly between 60 days and 75 days. table 1. average plant height due to treatment interactions at 15.60 and 75 hst. treatment average plant height 15 60 75 p1h1 9,700 ab 78.7 91.5 p1h2 11,133c 83.7 93.33 p1h3 10.167 abc 67.5 82.67 p2h1 9.733 ab 55.5 85 p2h2 9.467 ab 84.3 97.67 p2h3 9,367a 79.7 94.5 p3h1 10,433 bc 76.5 89 p3h2 9,767 ab 83.3 89,83 p3h3 9.167 a 85.7 89,83 mr mr description: numbers followed by the same letter in the same column were not significantly different in duncan's range test (ujd) level of 5% p1: 25% glyphosate herbicide + 75% oxyfluorfen herbicide p2: 50% glyphosate herbicide + 50% oxyfluorfen herbicide p3 : 75% glyphosate herbicide + 25% oxyfluorfen herbicide. h1: mix. h2: two times spraying without interval. h3: two times spraying one day interval. the percentage dose of herbicide (p) treatment had a significant effect at the age of 30 hst and the spraying time interval was not significantly different. the time interval of spraying had a significant effect at the age of 45 hst with the percentage of herbicide doses not significantly different for each treatment. table 2. average plant height as a result of the percentage dose treatment of glyphosate herbicide + oxyfluorfen herbicide and the time interval of spraying at 60 and 75 hst. treatment average plant height 30 45 p1 23,878b 56,589 p2 21,564 a 54,389 p3 22,360 ab 54,022 mr h1 22,451 55,744 ab h2 23,351 56,978b 73 jurnal pertanian agribisnis issn: 2302-9625 (print) 2828-6316 (online) sholihul a’mal-effect of dosage and interval of glyphosate and oxyfluorphen herbicide on the growth and results of soybean (glicyne max l. merr) h3 22 52,278 a mr description: numbers followed by the same letter in the same column were not significantly different in duncan's range test (ujd) level of 5% p1: 25% glyphosate herbicide + 75% oxyfluorfen herbicide p2: 50% glyphosate herbicide + 50% oxyfluorfen herbicide p3 : 75% glyphosate herbicide + 25% oxyfluorfen herbicide. h1: mix. h2: two times spraying without interval. h3: two times spraying one day interval. the table above shows the 30 dap observation on plant height variables in the hebicide percentage dose (p) treatment. the highest yield was in the 25% glyphosate herbicide + 75% oxyfluorphene (p1) herbicide treatment, which was 23,878, which was not significantly different from the 75% glyphosate + 25% herbicide treatment. oxyfluorfen (p3) herbicide. the lowest yield was in the treatment of 50% glyphosate herbicide + 50% oxyfluorfen (p2) herbicide which was 21,564. whereas in the spraying time interval treatment the highest yield was in the treatment of two applications without time interval (h2) which was not significantly different from the treatment of mixing the two herbicides (h1) and the lowest yield was in the treatment of two applications with one day interval (h3). b. number of leaves analysis of variance on the number of leaves/plants variable showed the interaction between the percentage of herbicide doses and the time interval of spraying at 45 and 75 days after observation, while the observations at 15, 30 and 60 days were not significantly different. table 3. the average number of leaves/plants due to the interaction of the percentage of doses of herbicide glyphosate + oxyfluorfen and the time interval of spraying. treatment average number of leaves/plant 45 75 p1h1 14,567 abc 11,867bcd p1h2 16,067c 12,000bcd p1h3 15,033 abc 10,500b p2h1 15,500 bc 10,583b p2h2 13,767a 8.333 a p2h3 13,867a 10,767 bc p3h1 14,300 ab 10,533b p3h2 13,567 a 12,903 cds p3h3 13,567 a 13,533d description: numbers followed by the same letter in the same column were not significantly different in duncan's range test (ujd) level of 5% p1: 25% glyphosate herbicide + 75% oxyfluorfen herbicide p2: 50% glyphosate herbicide + 50% oxyfluorfen herbicide p3 : 75% glyphosate herbicide + 25% oxyfluorfen herbicide. h1: mix. h2: two times spraying without interval. h3: two times spraying one day interval. the variable number of leaves at 45 hst observation showed that the lowest number of leaves/plants was in the treatment of 75% glyphosate herbicide + 25% oxyfluorfen herbicide and twice one day interval spraying (p3h3) which was 13,567 which was not significantly different from the p3h2, p2h3, p2h2, p1h3 treatments. and p3h1 while the highest number of leaves/plants was obtained in the treatment of 25% glyphosate herbicide + 75% oxyfluorfen herbicide and two sprayings without time intervals (p1h2) which was 16,067 74 ❒ issn : 2302-9625 (print) 2828-6316 (online) agripreneur, vol. 11, no. 2 december 2022: pp 70-77 which was not significantly different from the p1h1, p1h3 and p2h1 treatments. in the 75 hst observation the lowest number of leaves/plants in the treatment of 50% glyphosate herbicide + 50% oxyfluorfen herbicide and two sprayings without time interval (p2h2) was 8. c. total plant dry weight the results of the analysis of variance of total plant dry weight were influenced by the interaction of the doses of glyphosate + oxyfluorfen herbicide and the time interval of spraying at 30 hst and were not significantly different at 15 hst and 45 hst. at 30 hst showed that there was an interaction between the percentage of hebicide doses (p) and the herbicide spraying time interval (h). from the results of the 30 hst observation, the interaction between the treatment of 25% glyphosate herbicide + 75% oxyfluorfen herbicide and two sprayings without time intervals (p1h2) had the lowest total plant dry weight of 1,197 and the highest total plant dry weight in the treatment combination of 50% glyphosate herbicide + 50 % oxyfluorfen herbicide and two sprays without time interval (p2h2) is 2,873. table 4. average total plant dry weight (g) due to the interaction of glyphosate + oxyfluorfen herbicide treatments and spraying time intervals at 15.30 and 45 hst. treatment average total plant dry weight (g) 15 30 75 p1h1 0.35 1,670 ab 12,18 p1h2 0.36 1.197a 10.66 p1h3 0.26 1,590 ab 11.55 p2h1 0.31 1.447 ab 11.69 p2h2 0.4 2,873c 11,13 p2h3 0.26 1,290 ab 10.34 p3h1 0.31 1.607 ab 9,973 p3h2 0.32 1,873b 9,967 p3h3 0.3 1,540 ab 9,557 mr mr description : numbers followed by the same letter in the same column, not significantly different in duncan's range test (ujd) level 5% p1: 25% glyphosate herbicide + 75% oxyfluorfen herbicide p2: 50% glyphosate herbicide + 50% oxyfluorfen herbicide p3 : 75% glyphosate herbicide + 25% oxyfluorfen herbicide. h1: mix. h2: two times spraying without interval. h3: two times spraying one day interval 3.2 harvest observation a. number of pods the effect of treatment on the number of pods/plants was obtained from the analysis of variance. the results of the statistical analysis showed that there was a significant interaction between the percentage doses of glyphosate + oxyfluorfen (p) and the time interval of spraying (h). table 5. the average number of pods/plants in various combinations of treatments at the harvest age of 90 hst treatment number of pods/plants age 90 hst p1h1 61.87 cds 75 jurnal pertanian agribisnis issn: 2302-9625 (print) 2828-6316 (online) sholihul a’mal-effect of dosage and interval of glyphosate and oxyfluorphen herbicide on the growth and results of soybean (glicyne max l. merr) p1h2 44.123 ab p1h3 53,200 bc p2h1 73,993d p2h2 60,773 cds p2h3 45.123 ab p3h1 38,620 a p3h2 53,457 bc p3h3 50,750 abc note : numbers followed by the same letter in the same column were not significantly different in duncan's range test (ujd) level of 5% p1: 25% glyphosate herbicide + 75% oxyfluorfen herbicide p2: 50% glyphosate herbicide + 50% oxyfluorfen herbicide p3 : 75% glyphosate herbicide + 25% oxyfluorfen herbicide. h1: mix. h2: two times spraying without interval. h3: two times spraying one day interval. the combination of applying 50% glyphosate herbicide + 50% oxyfluorfen herbicide and mixing the two types of herbicide (p2h1) produced the highest number of pods, namely 73,993 pods/plant and the treatment of 75% glyphosate herbicide + 25% oxyfluorfen herbicide and mixing the two types of herbicide (p3h1) had the lowest number of pods was 38,620. b. seed/plant dry weight the effect of treatment on seed/plant dry weight was obtained from analysis of variance. the results of statistical analysis on dry weight/plant variables showed that there was no interaction between the percentage of herbicide doses (p) and the time interval of spraying (h). but the spraying time interval (h) was significantly different. table 6. average dry weight of seeds/plants (g) at various treatments, percentage of herbicide doses and time intervals at 90 hst harvest. treatment average dry weight of seeds/plants(g) 90 hst p1 9,897 p2 10,909 p3 10.144 mr h1 11,141 b h2 10,896b h3 8,914 a description: numbers followed by the same letter in the same column were not significantly different in duncan's range test (ujd) level of 5% p1: 25% glyphosate herbicide + 75% oxyfluorfen herbicide p2: 50% glyphosate herbicide + 50% oxyfluorfen herbicide p3 : 75% glyphosate herbicide + 25% oxyfluorfen herbicide. h1: mix. h2: two times spraying without interval. h3: two times spraying one day interval. the interval treatment of herbicide spraying was significantly different in the seed/plant dry weight variable, the highest seed/plant dry weight was the treatment of mixing the two types of herbicides glyphosate and oxyfluorphen (h1) which was 11.141, not significantly different from the treatment of two applications without time interval (h2) which was 10.896 while the lowest treatment was the treatment of two applications with an interval of one day (h3) which was 8,914. 76 ❒ issn : 2302-9625 (print) 2828-6316 (online) agripreneur, vol. 11, no. 2 december 2022: pp 70-77 c. weight 100 seeds the results of the analysis of variance on the variable weight of 100 seeds were not significantly different in each treatment combination or in each treatment, both the percentage of herbicide doses and the time interval of spraying. treatment weight of 100 seeds age 90 hst p1h1 10,9 p1h2 10,8 p1h3 11.05 p2h1 10,733 p2h2 11,1 p2h3 11,4 p3h1 10,917 p3h2 11,667 p3h3 11,467 mr description: numbers followed by the same letter in the same column were not significantly different in duncan's range test (ujd) level of 5% p1: 25% glyphosate herbicide + 75% oxyfluorfen herbicide p2: 50% glyphosate herbicide + 50% oxyfluorfen herbicide p3 : 75% glyphosate herbicide + 25% oxyfluorfen herbicide. h1: mix. h2: two times spraying without interval. h3: two times spraying one day interval. in observing the dry weight of seeds/plants, there was no interaction between the percentage doses of glyphosate herbicide + oxyfluorfen herbicide with herbicide application time intervals, but only significantly different time interval treatments (h). the highest seed/plant dry weight was in the herbicide mixing treatment (h1). this was due to the relationship between weed dry weight and the resulting low seed/plant weight. meanwhile, the variable weight of 100 seeds was not significantly different in all treatments. 4. conclusion the effect of treatment on yield/land area showed that the dose percentage treatment had no significant effect on the yield/plant variables, but the day interval treatment on the mixed herbicide treatment was able to increase the yield/plant 24,983% and was able to suppress weed dry weight by 75,657% from the one-day interval treatment. mixing two types of glyphosate and oxyfluorfen herbicides with various dosage percentages was able to suppress weed growth and increase the growth and yield of soybean plants. references ashton, f. m. dan t. j. monaco. 1991. principles and practice. weed sci. 3rd edition. john w illey dan sons inc. new yok. p. 229-235 goldsworthy, p. r. and n. m. fisher. 1996. fisiologi tanaman budidaya tropik. gadjah mada university press. yogyakarta. p. 1-250. guranto, t, t. sumarni dan j. moenandir. 1998. selektifitas herbisida oksifluorfen (goal 2e) terhadap bawang merah (allium accaloniccacum l.) dan krokot (portulaca oleraceae l.) dengan gr50 teknik. agivita 11(2) : 1-6 harjadi, s. s. 1996. pengantar agronomi. pt. gramedia pustaka utama. jakarta. pp. 195. klingman, g. c., f. m. ashton dan noordhoff, l. j. 1982. oksifluorfen. weed science: principles and practise 2nd ed. john willey and sons, inc. new york, usa. pp. 198-199 lamid, z., adlis g dan w hermawan. 1996. efikasi herbisida glyfosat untuk mengendalikan gulma padi sawah 77 jurnal pertanian agribisnis issn: 2302-9625 (print) 2828-6316 (online) sholihul a’mal-effect of dosage and interval of glyphosate and oxyfluorphen herbicide on the growth and results of soybean (glicyne max l. merr) pasang surut tanpa olah tanah. pros. konf 13.higi: 657 – 666 moenandir, j. dan c. rai, 1999. penetapan gr50 herbisida oksifluorfen (goal 2e) pada biji dari seed bank dengan kedalaman tanah berbeda di pertanaman kedelai (glycine max. l). agrivita 21(1) : 46-53 moenandir, j. 1988. pengantar ilmu dan pengendalian gulma ( ilmu gulma buku 1). rajawali press. jakarta. pp.17-54. musfal, z. lamid dan w. hermawan.1996. pengaruh isopropyl amina glifosat terhadap sifat kimia tanah dan hasil padi sawah tanpa olah tanah pada berbagai agroekosistem. pros. konf. 13 higi: 650 – 656 newton, m. 1984. fate of glyphosate in an oregon forest ecosystem. j. agric. and food chem. 3(4): 5 niswati, a., s. g. nugroho dan m. utomo. 1995. pengaruh aplikasi herbisida glifosat terus menerus selama lima belas musim dalam praktek tanpa olah tanah terhadap populasi mikroba tanah. pros. otk: 140-148 nugroho, a. dan j. moenandir. 1982. penggunaan herbisida gliposat sebagai pengendali gulma di pertanaman kacang tanah. prosiding higi 9. p. 45 47 sastroutomo, s. 1990. ekologi gulma. pt gramedia pustaka utama. jakarta pp. 217 setyawati, n.u. nurjanah dan afrizal. 2005. pergeseran gulma dan teknik pengendalian gulma yang berbeda. j, akta agrosia 8(2): 62-69 stenis, van.2005. flora. pradnya. paramita. jakarta. p 229-230 sukman, y. dan yakup. 1995. gulma dan teknik pengendaliannya. rajawali press. jakarta. p. 25-55 suroto. 1996. persaingan yang terjadi antara gulma dan tanaman. jurusan budidaya pertanian faperta ugm. yogyakarta p. 5-6 suwegno, b. 1998. pengaruh herbisida glifosat 240g/l pada budidaya kedelai (glycine max, l merr) budidaya pertanian fp ub. malang. p 38 tetsuya, m. 2000. document of glyphosate tolerance. bio trackbiotech project. oecd – ocde. n. pp. 6 widaryanto, e. 1994. pengaruh herbisida oksifluorfen (goal 2e) dan kepadatan populasi kacang tanah di lahan kering. agrivita17(2) : 65-68. ijece agripreneur ,10 (1) (2021) pp. 01-09 journal homepage: www. iocscience.org/ejournal/index.php/agripreneur published by: iocscience agripreneur: jurnal pertanian agribisnis journal homepage: www.iocscience.org/ejournal/index.php/ agripreneur growth response and production of two varieties of okra (abelmoschus esculantus l. moench) on giving various types of organic fertilizer ria anindi antika barus agrotechnology study program faculty of agriculture, universitas sumatera utara, medan 2016, indonesia riaanindibarus@gmail.com abstract lady finger is the vegetables can be consumed directly although to be processed food and has a high pharmacology effect in the health. lady finger has a good selling point to compared other vegetables. the problem that faced by lady finger cultivation were not know it well for the population group in indonesia. the use of organic fertilizer in lady finger cultivation is expected to increase quantity an quality of lady finger. this research was conducted in pembangunan street, medan selayang with altitude ± 25 meters above sea surface began from may to september 2016. this research use factorial randomized block design with two varieties red lady finger and green lady finger, and the second factor was application of organic fertilizer with four kinds without organic fertilizer, compost, kascing fertilizer, chicken manure fertilizer. the result of this research showed that varieties were significantly effect to plants length parameter on 10-14 weeks after planting, flowering date, number of fruits per plant, number of fruit of plot, weight of fruits per plant, diameter of fruit, length of fruit and wet weight of plant. application of various of organic fertilizers were significant effect to the plant height parameter on 10-14 weeks after planting, leaf amount, number of fruits per plant, flowering date, number of fruits per plot, and weight of fruit per plant. interaction of varieties and application various of organic fertilizers were significant effect to number of leave parameter on 11 weeks after planting, length parameter on 10-14 weeks after planting and wet weight of plant. keywords: drying time, soaking time, cryopreservation, rosella seeds 1. introduction okra or abelmoschus esculantus l. moench is a vegetable plant originating from india known as bhindi, while in foreign countries okra is known as lady fingers. in indonesia, this plant is still relatively rare, only in a few places and big cities this vegetable is found. the scarcity of okra is not because growing it is difficult, but because people are reluctant to consume it, because okra is a fruit that secretes mucus because it contains musilane. whereas in the mucus that's most of the benefits and efficacy of okra fruit is stored. okra also has a fairly high value compared to other vegetables. (ministy of environmental and forests, 2009). among the many known legumes and vegetables, okra has the highest nutritional value. according to the diy provincial food security and extension agency (2003), every 100 grams of okra contains 22 cal, 1.87 mg protein, 0.21 mg fat, 4.51 mg carbohydrates, 77 mg  issn 2302-9625 agripreneur, vol.10, no. 1 june 2021: pp 01-09 2 calcium, 0.28 mg iron, 16.3 mg vitamin c, 92.57% water compared to plants. gambas has a nutritional value of 18 cal, protein 0.8 mg, fat 0.2 mg, carbohydrates 4.1, calcium 19 mg, iron 0.9 mg, vitamin c 8 mg, water 94.5%. okra seed oil is rich in unsaturated fatty acids such as oleic acid and linoleic acid. okra is a green vegetable that is rich in dietary fiber. apart from fiber, okra also contains 1.0 mg of glutathione and iron in 100 g of young okra. fiber is very important for the body because it can prevent constipation (difficult bowel movements), obesity, hypercholesterolemia (high cholesterol), diabetes (diabetes), and colon cancer (large intestine) (agricultural information ciawi bogor, 2005). okra which is starting to develop in indonesia and has been circulating in the indonesian market today is green okra and red okra. these two varieties of okra have the same nutritional content, but these two varieties of okra have their own characteristics. green okra has a slightly bland sweet taste, is smaller in size, has a slightly soft flesh texture, and is high in fiber. in red okra, the taste is not too sweet, the flesh texture is soft, larger and longer than green okra (ministry of agriculture, 2005). young okra red burgundy varieties contain protein, carotene and several minerals that are needed by the human body. from the results of research on the nutritional value of vegetables in west kalimantan, it turns out that red okra contains carotene (pro-vitamin a) and iron which is not inferior to green okra (craig, 2007). 1983). at this temperature, plant material almost completely does not undergo metabolic processes so that the storage period becomes unlimited, which can reach 20 years. the addition of cryoprotectants can maintain the integrity of the membrane and increase the osmotic potential of the medium so that the fluid in the cell flows out and dehydration occurs. (hardaningsih et al., 2012). okra fruit in its utilization as a vegetable can be consumed directly without having to do processing first, in other words it can be consumed in a raw and fresh state. in this case the use of pesticides is not recommended because the residue of the pesticides used will affect the quality and quality of the vegetables. utilization of organic matter in cultivation activities does not cause future damage to soil, microorganisms and the environment. organic materials that can be used in okra cultivation are organic compost, vermicompost, and chicken coop compost. based on research by syafrina (2009) stated that the application of organic compost had a significant effect on plant height, number of branches, canopy dry weight, root dry weight, number of pods planted and number of pods per plot on soybean plants. organic matter in the form of compost is the decomposition of plant biomass that has been described through the activity of soil microorganisms. kascing is a good organic material for optimal plant growth because in addition to improving the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil, especially in less fertile soils, it also does not have a negative effect on the environment. the compost produced comes from decomposition by worms. nutrient content and chemical properties of vermicompost are more diverse than compost and other organic fertilizers (agricultural research and development agency, 2001) agripreneur: jurnal pertanian agribisnis issn 2302-9668  ria anindi antika barus-response of growth and production of two varieties of okra (abelmoschus esculantus l. moench) towards application of various types of organic fertilizers 3 2. materials and methods this research was carried out on community land construction road no.22, medan selayang sub-district with an altitude of ± 25 meters above sea level. this research was conducted from may to september 2016. the materials used in this study were okra seeds from the okra seed distributor of the bandung throne complex, green garibar and red burgundy varieties, compost, vermicompost, chicken manure, vegetable pesticides, npk fertilizer (15: 15: 15), black polybag size 40 x 50 cm (10 kg of soil), seedlings, topsoil, water for watering plants and other materials that support this research. the tools used in this study were hoe, meter, sieve, scales, gembor, treatment label paper and sample markers, markers, ruler, digital caliper, calculator, stationery, oven, knife and other tools that support this research. this study used a factorial randomized block design (rak) with two factors. the results of the analysis of variance showed a significant effect, then continued with the mean difference test based on the duncan multiple range test (dmrt) at the 5% level (steel and torrie, 1989). parameters observed were: flowering age (dat), plant height (cm), number of leaves (pieces), number of fruits planted (fruit), fresh fruit weight per plant (g), number of fruits per plot (fruit), fruit weight fresh weight per plot (g), fruit length (cm), fruit diameter (cm), crown wet weight (g), root wet weight (g), crown dry weight (g) and root dry weight (g). 3. results and discussion results based on the observational data and the results of variance, it was known that the varietal treatment was significantly different between the green and red varieties on the parameters of plant height 10-14 wap, flowering age, fruit weight per plant, fruit weight per plot, number of fruit per plant, number of fruit per plot, fruit length, fruit diameter, canopy wet weight. the treatment of various types of organic fertilizers significantly affected the parameters of plant height 10-14 wap, number of leaves 10-14 wap, flowering age, fruit weight per plot, fruit weight per plot, number of fruit per plant, number of fruit per plot. the interaction between varietal treatment and the application of various types of organic fertilizers had a significant effect on the parameters of plant height 10-12 wap, number of leaves 11 wap, canopy wet weight. plant height (cm) based on the observational data and the results of the variance, it was found that the treatment of varieties was significantly different between the green and red varieties on the plant height of okra 10-14 wap. the application of various types of organic fertilizers significantly affected plant height 10-14 wap. the interaction between varietal treatment  issn 2302-9625 agripreneur, vol.10, no. 1 june 2021: pp 01-09 4 and the application of various types of organic fertilizers significantly affected plant height 10-12 wap. the average plant height of okra 10-14 wap for two varieties and the application of various types of organic fertilizers can be seen in table 1. table 1. plant height of two okra varieties on the application of various types of organic fertilizers at the age of 10 – 14mst organic fertilizer mst varieties b0 no fertilizer b1 compost b2 vermicompost b3 chicken feed average ……………………cm………………….. red okra 27.7d 36.82cd 35.99cd 40.28c 35.20 10 green okra 55.65 b 58.33 b 52.85b 78.95a 61.440 average 41.67 47.57 44.42 59.61 48.32 red okra 44.25f 50.92e 52.05d 58.41cd 51.41 11 green okra 90.34b 92.03b 76.18c 128.74a 96.83 average 67.30 71.48 64.13 93.58 74.12 red okra 51.95e 60.99d 61.50cd 64.60cd 59.76 12 green okra 95.76b 101.7b 76.20c 128.76a 100.60 average 73.86 81.35 68.84 96.68 80.18 red okra 61.50f 73.80de 63.43e 84.17c 70.72 13 green okra 116.27b 118.67b 79.87d 164.63a 119.85 average 88.88 96.23 71.65 124.40 95.29 red okra 67.27e 79.67d 71.87de 90.23c 77.26 14 green okra 122.70b 132.10b 86.60cd 172.77a 128.54 average 94.98 105.88 79.23 131.50 102.90 description: numbers followed by the same notation in the same row or group of columns showed no significant difference according to duncan's multiple distance test at the level of =5% table 1 shows that the okra plant height in the combination treatment with chicken manure with green okra variety b3v2 obtained the highest average every week and was significantly different from other treatments, while the lowest average okra plant height was found in the combination treatment without organic fertilizer with red variety b0v1 . number of leaves (strands) based on the observation data and the results of the variance, it was found that the treatment of varieties was not significantly different between the green and red varieties on the number of leaves of okra plants 10-14 wap, while the application of various types of organic fertilizers had a significant effect, the interaction between the treatment of varieties and the application of various types of organic fertilizers. significant effect on the number of leaves of okra plant 11 wap but not significant effect on 12-14 wap. table 2. the number of leaves of two varieties of okra in the application of various types of organic fertilizers ages 10 – 14 mst organic fertilizer mst varieties b0 without fertilizer b1 compost b2 fertilizer vermicompost b3 chicken feed average …………………..sheet..……….…….. red okra 12.17 11.25 10.25 12.00 11.42 10 green okra 11.33 10.92 10.17 12.33 11.19 average 11.75b 11.08b 10.21c 12.17a 11.30 agripreneur: jurnal pertanian agribisnis issn 2302-9668  ria anindi antika barus-response of growth and production of two varieties of okra (abelmoschus esculantus l. moench) towards application of various types of organic fertilizers 5 organic fertilizer mst varieties b0 without fertilizer b1 compost b2 fertilizer vermicompost b3 chicken feed average red okra 14.50b 13.67c 12.25d 14.33bc 13.69 11 green okra 13.50cd 14.75b 11.83e 20.17a 15.06 average 14.00 14.21 12.04 17.25 14.38 red okra 16.08 14.67 13.00 15.42 14.79 12 green okra 14.5 15.92 12.33 21.75 16.13 average 15.29b 15.29b 12.67c 18.58a 15.46 red okra 17.25 15.17 13.33 15.33 15.27 13 green okra 14.67 16.75 12.58 22.33 16.58 average 15.96b 15.96b 12.96c 18.83a 15.93 red okra 18.00 16.58 14.08 6.42 16.27 14 green okra 15.25 17.58 12.58 23.08 17.13 average 16.63b 17.08b 13.33c 19.75a 16.70 description: numbers followed by the same notation in the same row or group of columns showed no significant difference according to duncan's multiple distance test at the level of =5% table 2 shows that the application of organic fertilizer has a significant effect on the parameters of the number of okra leaves. the highest mean number of leaves was obtained with the application of chicken manure and significantly different in other treatments, while the lowest average was obtained with the application of vermicompost fertilizer. however, the observation of the number of leaves 11 wap showed that the combination of chicken manure treatment with green varieties obtained the highest average and was significantly different from other treatments, while the lowest average was obtained in the combination treatment with pupus vermicompost and red varieties. flowering age (days) based on the observational data and the results of the variance (appendix 62 and 63), it is known that the treatment of varieties and the application of various kinds of organic fertilizers have a significant effect on the flowering age, but the interaction between the treatment of varieties and the application of various kinds of organic fertilizers has no significant effect on the flowering age. table 3.the flowering period of two varieties of okra and the application of various kinds of organic fertilizers organic fertilizer varieties b0 no fertilizer b1 compost b2 vermicompost b3 chicken feed average red okra 62,417 56,083 57.194 58.000 58.424a green okra 55.528 49,000 50,167 43,583 49,569b average 58,972a 52,542b 53,681b 50.792c 53,997 description: numbers followed by the same notation in the same row or group of columns showed no significant difference according to duncan's multiple distance test at the level of =5%  issn 2302-9625 agripreneur, vol.10, no. 1 june 2021: pp 01-09 6 table 3 shows that the longest flowering age parameter for okra plants appeared in treatment b0 (58,972 dap) and the fastest in treatment b3 (50,792 dap). the treatment of b0 was significantly different from b1, b2, and b3. in the varietal treatment, the longest flowers appeared in v1 (58,424 dap) and the fastest in v2 (49,569 dap). number of fruits per plant (fruit) based on the observational data and the results of the variance, it was found that the treatment of varieties was significantly different between green and red varieties and the application of various types of organic fertilizers had a significant effect on the number of fruits per plant, but the interaction between the treatment of varieties and the application of various types of organic fertilizers had no significant effect on the number of fruits per plant. plant. table4. the number of fruits per plant of two varieties of okra and the application of various types of organic fertilizers. organic fertilizer varieties b0 no fertilizer b1 compost b2 vermicompost b3 chicken feed average red okra 4.31 4.75 4.50 7.08 5.16b green okra 7.69 8.75 8.67 11.75 9.22a average 6.00b 6.75b 6.58b 9.42a description: numbers followed by the same notation in the same row or group of columns showed no significant difference according to duncan's multiple distance test at the level of =5% table 4. shows that the number of fruits per okra plant was highest in treatment b3 (9.42) and the lowest in treatment b0 (6.00). treatment b3 was significantly different from treatment b0, b1 and b2. in the varietal treatment, the number of fruits per okra plant was highest in v2 (9.22) and the lowest in v1 (9.22). number of fruits per plot based on observational data and fingerprint results, it is known that the varietal treatment was significantly different between green and red varieties, the application of various types of organic fertilizers had a significant effect on the number of fruits per plot, but the interaction between varietal treatment and the application of various kinds of organic fertilizers had no significant effect on the number of fruits per plot. plots. table 5. number of fruits per plot of two varieties of okra and application of various kinds of organic fertilizers. organic fertilizer varieties b0 no fertilizer b1 compost b2 vermicompost b3 chicken feed average red okra 16.00 19.00 17.00 28.33 20.08b green okra 30.67 35.00 34.67 47.00 36.83a average 23.33b 27b 25.83b 37.66a 28.46 agripreneur: jurnal pertanian agribisnis issn 2302-9668  ria anindi antika barus-response of growth and production of two varieties of okra (abelmoschus esculantus l. moench) towards application of various types of organic fertilizers 7 table 5 shows that the number of fruits per plot of okra plants was highest in treatment b3 (37.66) and the lowest in treatment b0 (23.33). treatment b3 was significantly different from treatment b0, b1 and b2. in the varietal treatment, the highest number of fruits per okra plant was in v2 (36.83) and the lowest was v1 (20.08). fruit weight per plant (g) based on the observational data and the results of the variance, it was found that the treatment of varieties was significantly different between green and red varieties and the application of various types of organic fertilizers had a significant effect on fruit weight per plant, but the interaction between varieties treatment and the application of various kinds of organic fertilizers had no significant effect on fruit weight. per plant. table 6. fruit weight per plant of two varieties of okra and application of various types of organic fertilizers organic fertilizer varieties b0 no fertilizer b1 compost b2 vermicompost b3 chicken feed average red okra 74.253 77,795 72,369 134,661 89,769b green okra 98.497 109,512 107,548 183.030 124.647a average 86.375c 93,653b 89,959c 158,845a 107.208 description: numbers followed by the same notation in the same row or group of columns showed no significant difference according to duncan's multiple distance test at the level of =5% table 6 shows that the fruit weight per okra plant was highest in treatment b3 (158.845) and the lowest in treatment b0 (86,375). treatment b3 was significantly different from treatment b0, b1 and b2. in the varietal treatment, the highest number of fruits per okra plant was in v2 (124.647) and the lowest was v1 (89.769). fruit length(cm) based on the observational data and the results of the variance, it is known that the varietal treatment was significantly different between the green and red varieties on the parameters of fruit length. the application of various kinds of organic fertilizers had no significant effect on fruit length and, the interaction between varietal treatments and the application of various kinds of organic fertilizers had no significant effect on fruit length and on seed life, seed storage and seed germination processes. table 7. fruit length per plant of two varieties of okra and application of various types of organic fertilizers. organic fertilizer varieties b0 no fertilizer b1 compost b2 vermicompost b3 chicken feed average red okra 12.54 12.46 12.15 12.09 12.31b green okra 13.58 13.66 13.13 13.65 13.51a average 13.06 13.06 12.64 12.87 12.91 description: numbers followed by the same notation in the same row or group of columns showed no significant difference according to duncan's multiple distance test at the level of =5%  issn 2302-9625 agripreneur, vol.10, no. 1 june 2021: pp 01-09 8 table 7 shows that the fruit length parameter of okra plants was highest in treatments b0 and b1 (13.06) and the lowest was b2 (12.87). the highest variety treatment was v2 (13.51) and the lowest was v1 (12.31). fruit diameter (mm) based on the observational data and the results of the variance, it was found that the treatment of varieties was significantly different between the green and red varieties with respect to fruit diameter. the application of various types of organic fertilizers had no significant effect and the interaction between varietal treatments and the application of various types of organic fertilizers had no significant effect on fruit diameter. table 8. diameter of fruit per plant of two varieties of okra and application of various types of organic fertilizers. organic fertilizer varieties b0 no fertilizer b1 compost b2 vermicompost b3 chicken feed average red okra 18,367 18111 17,517 18,047 18.010a green okra 13,825 14,282 13,440 13,658 13,801b average 16,096 16,196 15,478 15,853 15.906 description: numbers followed by the same notation in the same row or group of columns the same indicates not significantly different according to duncan's multiple distance test at the level of =5% table 8 shows that the diameter of okra plants was the highest in treatment b1 (16,196) and the lowest in b2 (15,478). the highest variety treatment was v1 (18.010) and the lowest was v2 (13.08). head wet weight (g) based on the observation data and the results of the variance, it was known that the treatment of varieties, application of various types of organic fertilizers had no significant effect, but the interaction between the treatment of varieties and the application of various kinds of organic fertilizers had a significant effect on the wet weight of the canopy. organic fertilizers can be seen in table 9. table 9. wet weight canopy of two varieties of okra and application of various types of organic fertilizers. organic fertilizer varieties b0 no fertilizer b1 compost b2 vermicompost b3 chickenfeed average red okra 7.86bc 8.28b 7.90bc 7.14d 7.79 green okra 8.96b 7.68c 7.47c 11.98a 9.02 average 8.41 7.98 7.68 9.56 8.41 description: numbers followed by the same notation in the same row or group of columns showed no significant difference according to duncan's multiple distance test at the level of =5% agripreneur: jurnal pertanian agribisnis issn 2302-9668  ria anindi antika barus-response of growth and production of two varieties of okra (abelmoschus esculantus l. moench) towards application of various types of organic fertilizers 9 table 9 shows that in the canopy wet weight the combination of chicken manure and green okra varieties obtained the highest average and was significantly different from the other treatments, while the combination of chicken manure and red okra varieties obtained the lowest average wet weight of crown. 4. conclusion varieties treatments were significantly different between garibar green and burgundy red varieties on the parameters of plant height increase 10-14 wap, flowering age, number of fruit planted, number of plots of fruit, fruit weight per plant, fruit length, fruit diameter, canopy wet weight. the best varietal treatment was obtained on the green garibar variety. the application of organic fertilizer significantly affected the parameters of plant height increase 10-14 wap, number of leaves 10-14 wap, flowering age, number of fruit per plant, number of fruit per plot, fruit weight per plant. the best type of organic fertilizer is obtained from chicken manure. interaction of varietal treatment and application of various organic fertilizers had a significant effect on the parameters of plant height increase 10-14 wap, number of leaves 11 wap, canopy wet weight. 5. reference ministy of enviromental and forest. 2009. biology of okra. india : departements of biotechnology. wattimena, g.a., l.w. gunawan, n.a. matjik, e. syamsudin, n.m.a. wiendi, dan a. ernawati. 1992. bioteknologi tanaman. pau ipb. bogor. 306 hal.informasi pertanian ciawi bogor. 2005. cerita sukses budidaya tanaman okra. suara merdekanasional.bogor. kementerian pertanian, 2005. pelepasan varietas garibar sebagai varietas unggul. ditetapkan 15 maret 2005. jakarta. hartatik, w dan l.r. widowati. 2010. pupuk kandang. http://www.balittanah.litbang.deptan.go.id. diunduh 12 maret 2016. sutarya, r. dan g. grubben. 1995. pedoman bertanam sayuran dataran rendah. gajahmada university press. yogyakarta. hal. 8, 237-240. agripreneur, 11 (2) (2022) pp. 53-62 journal homepage: www.iocscience.org/ejournal/index.php/agripreneur agripreneur : jurnal pertanian agribisnis is licensed under a creative commons attribution-noncommercial 4.0 international license (cc by-nc 4.0). published by: iocscience agripreneur : jurnal pertanian agribisnis journal homepage: www.iocscience.org/ejournal/index.php/agripreneur journal homepage: www.iocscience.org/ejournal/index.php/agripreneur effect of giving silver black plastic mulch on 14 genotics of long beans (vigna sesquipedalis) taufan rahmadi aji faculty of agriculture, brawijaya university, indonesia email: rahmadiaji@gmail.com abstract study this aim for knowing influence gift mulch plastic black silver on results and component results plant peanut long. hypothesis which filed that is there is influence gift mulch plastic black silver on the yield and yield components of long bean plants. study this implemented in the garden test university brawijaya which located in the village of jatikerto. located at an altitude of ± 330 m above sea level, with alfisol soil type. this research was conducted in february may 2008. this research uses draft plot divided (rpt) with plot main use mulch and child plot form genotype peanut long. ma s ing each repeated 3 time. as for treatment that is tm = without mulch, m = with mulch , g1 until g14 = genotype peanut long. variable which observed that is: age flowering, age harvest, long pod, amount pod planting, weight pod planting, amount seed per pod, amount pod planting, amount clusters planting, potency results planting, amount pod percluster. data which obtained analyzed with use analysis variety and done test f on level 5%. if results testing show results which different real, then proceed with the bnt test at the level of 5%. results study show that interaction real on use mulch plastic black silver to 14 genotype peanut long occur on variable total flower planting, total pod per cluster, total cluster planting. significant interaction on the yield of long bean plants on the use of mulch seen on weight pod planting and weight pod plot. kindly whole, plant peanut long which planted with use plastic mulch gives higher yields. keywords: mulch, genotype, long beans. 1. introduction plant peanut long (vigna sesquipedalis) is plant which including vegetables pod which favored by public wide in this world. peanut long, as plant legumes annuals, is plant food season hot which could adapt with good on all region tropical wet and currently. peanut long tolerant on condition hot and dry, but no tolerant frozen. seed dry and pod fresh usually used as food and part the vegetative part is used as fodder (peksen, 2004). effort enhancement productivity very urgent because peanut long is vegetables which have mark nutrition tall. until now problem deficiency energy and proteins still struck a number of country in this world, including in indonesia (kuswantoetal, 2003). on the pods, peanut long contain around 50 calories per 100g when cooked, with content proteins not enough from 3%. there is also vitamin c (around 15mg) and provitamin a ( 23 µg rae) as well as content folate (around 45g). content nutrition on leaves young very good, that is contain 25% proteins from weight dry and is a high-quality protein (national research council, 2006). therefore, long bean is a source of protein that is cheap and easy to develop in various regions (rukmana, 1995). productivity peanut long still very low, matter this caused because technique cultivation which applied not yet optimal. planting peanut long on generally still very traditional, so that results production no optimal. use mulch is wrong one application technology cultivation agriculture. with use mulch this could reduce competition plant to weed, upgrade humidity land, balancing rate acidity (ph) land, reduce fluctuation temperature land, reduce evaporation land, so that humidity land could maintained, reduce damage (erosion) land because water rain, reduce washing hara especially nitrogen and upgrade activity microbiology land, reduce attack pest sucker (thrips, mite and lice leaf) and disease transmitted land (fall sprouts and swollen roots) . 54 ❒ issn : 2302-9625 (print) 2828-6316 (online) agripreneur, vol. 11, no. 2 december 2022: pp 53-62 according to purwowidodo (1983) for control evaporation water so use mulch is ingredient which potential for maintain temperature, humidity land, content ingredient organic, reduce total and speed genre surface, upgrade absorption water and control weed growth. by doing this research is expected capable knowing influence gift mulch plastic black silver on results and long bean yield components. 2. methods 2.1 place and time study this implemented in the garden test university brawijaya which conveniently located in d esa jatikerto, subdistrict kromengan, regency poor. is at on height ±330 masl, with type land alfisol. study this held in february may 2008. 2.2 tools and materials ingredient which used for study this is 12 strain hope peanut long university _ brawijaya that is from peanut long collection from prof. dr. ir. kuswanto, ms and 2 varieties peanut long as comparison, that is variety kp-7 and varieties local aura white. besides that used also furadan. that fertilizer used that is fertilizer npk 15:15:15 and urea for fulfill need plant nutrients. tool which used in study this among other, mulch black silver used for repair air order land and availability water for plant, stake for help growth plant peanut long, rope raffia for tie stem plant on stake, rule for measure long pod, label for mark plant which used in observations, scales for measure heavy pods , planks name and marker for give name on each strain . 2.3 research methods study use draft plot divided (rpt) which repeated 3 times and as the main square is usage silver black mulch namely: without using mulch (tm) , using black silver mulch (m) . whereas child plot is strain peanut long which consists from 12 strain peanut long hope and 2 varieties superior peanut long that is kp7 and white aura. from treatment the obtained 28 unit combination treatment . treatment repeated 3 time with randomization which different on plot main child plot on each repetition. 2.4 implementation test the activities carried out in the research include: a. preparation land processing land done with method hoe land which has loose then left during, ±4 7 days. next formed becomes beds with wide 105 cm, long 400cm, and 10cm high. b. planting planting plant with distance plant that is 40x75 cm on each trial bed. c. care care plant covers stitching, installation ajir/turus, propagation, weeding, sprinkling, fertilization, and eradication pest. stitching done if seed which planted no grow interval of 7 days after the first planting. 2. installation of ajir / pillars is carried out week after plant on moment height plant already reach ±25 cm, tall stake +2m. aim installation stake is as media propagation plant, no bother between plant, and guard growth for optimal. propagation done on moment plant has experience period growth vegetative which almost mature that is around 2 3 week. propagation plant done so that plant could grow upright follow direction founding ajir/turus. propagation done with method winding peanut long around stake in a 55 jurnal pertanian agribisnis issn: 2302-9625 (print) 2828-6316 (online) taufan rahmadi aji-effect of giving silver black plastic mulch on 14 genotics of long beans (vigna sesquipedalis). manner circular. weeding done if grow weeds diareal planting. planting plant peanut long already enter season drought, so that gift water need done be careful possible. giving water with method inundate land with water. fertilization first done 2 week after plant, with use fertilizer npk ±3 grams/hole plant. fertilization second done 3 week after fertilization first with use fertilizer urea. fertilization which third given hose 2 week after fertilization second with use fertilizer urea as much 4,5 grams per hole plant good on fertilization second or third. 2.5 observational variables on every variable which observed originate from taking sample 10 plants randomly in each bed. a. age flowering (hst), counted on moment flower blossom first on every plant. observations were made when 50% interest from each line. b. age harvest (hst), counted moment first harvest with pod cook. done on moment 50% harvest from every line. criteria pod cook is edible and the seeds inside the pods are not yet prominent . c. average long pod planting (cm), be measured from base until end pod from average 5 pod which taken in a manner random on every plant of 10 samples. d. average _ _ weight per pods (g), weighed with use scales, weighed from 5 pod which taken in a manner random on every plant of 10 samples. e. average total seed per pod, counted total seed which there is pad average 5 pod which taken in a manner random on every plant from 10 sample. f. average total pod planting, counted how many total pod in every plant on every time harvest. g. amount cluster planting, counted moment start appear stalk flower compound plant. h. amount pod per cluster, counted from total pod planting shared with total cluster per plant. i. potency results planting, counted from total pod planting times by weight per pod . j. potency results per plot, counted from conversion weight pod perplo deep shape/ha . aphid attack scale, calculated from the intensity of the attack. in study this used scoring scale attack pest aphids to plant peanut long for determine level resilience plant, from resistant to very sensitive. table 1 . aphid's attack scale scale symptom 0 no there is symptom attack 1 there is spotting yellow on the leaves in a manner no regular or not equally 2 there is spotting leaves , happened abnormality light form leaf 3 form leaf experience change symptom twist . 4 leaf twisted , symptoms point grow die , grow side shoots . 5 side and point shoots grow dead , plant dwarf colored brown 2.6 data analysis for knowing interaction among treatment mulch plastic black silver and genotype plant peanut long, done with analysis variant. if results count analysis show difference real on test f5%, so done mean difference test based on bnt test. 56 ❒ issn : 2302-9625 (print) 2828-6316 (online) agripreneur, vol. 11, no. 2 december 2022: pp 53-62 3. results and discussion on study influence use mulch plastic black silver this variable which observed is age flowering (hst), age harvest (hst), average length pod planting (cm),mean weight per pods (g), average amount seed per pod, average total flower planting, average total pod planting, total cluster planting, total pod per cluster, potency results planting, potency results per plot, scale attack aphids analysis results variety to variable which observed, will served in form table anova and table of average results of the least significant difference test (lsd) at the 5% level. 3.1 average pod length, number of seeds per pod, and pod weight results analysis variety to average long pod show difference which real on treatment genotype with test bnt with a level of 5%. average total seed occur difference which real on treatment genotype with test bnt with level 5%. weight pod occur difference which real on treatment genotype with test bnt with a level of 5%. table 2. average pod length and pod weight. treatment pod length (cm) weight pods (g) giving mulch mulching 61.1 19.9 without mulch 59.41 19.22 bnt 5% mr mr genotype aura putih 84.23g 35.13e kp7 74.24f 25.65d ub7017 46.55a 13.07a ub7022 53.43abc 16.65abc ub7023 55.9cd 16.47abc ub7037 47.15ab 14.6ab ub7038 52.92abc 15.45abc ub7054 54.95bc 16.86bc ub7064 47.02ab 13.52ab ub7068 63.44de 18.38c ub7070 71.25ef 24.15d ub7073 71.88f 24.4d ub7074 71.36ef 24.52d ub7109 49.24abc 14.99abc bnt 5% 8.35 3.59 description: numbers which accompanied alphabet which same on one column signify no different real according to bnt 5%. table 3 . average number of seeds treatment amount seed genotype mulching without mulch aura putih 20.05de 20.05e kp7 19.66de 19.64de ub7017 19.81de 18.45abcd 57 jurnal pertanian agribisnis issn: 2302-9625 (print) 2828-6316 (online) taufan rahmadi aji-effect of giving silver black plastic mulch on 14 genotics of long beans (vigna sesquipedalis). ub7022 16.99a 19.91e ub7023 17.17a 18.38abcd ub7037 17.91abc 17.67a ub7038 17.99abc 17.31a ub7054 19.09bcde 18.19abc ub7064 17.68ab 18.03ab ub7068 19.16cde 19.13bcde ub7070 19.89de 19.48cde ub7073 19.95de 19.92e ub7074 20.22e 20.04e ub7109 18.74bcd 17.81ab bnt 5% 1.44 1.44 description: numbers which accompanied alphabet which same on one column signify no different real according to bnt 5%. from table 2 can explained that treatment genotype on study influence gift mulch plastic to 14 genotype peanut long there is results different real on variable long pod. genotype aura white have long pod very long and different real with genotype which other. genotype which very short that is genotype ub7064. on variable weight pod, weight pod highest that is on genotype aura white and lowest on genotype ub7017. from table 3 can explained that on variable total seed, total seed on planting use mulch, total seed more many there is on genotype ub7074 and total seed which very a little there is on genotype ub7022 and ub7023. on planting without use mulch ,total seed more many on genotype aura white, ub7022, ub7073 and ub7074 , total seed least in ub 7037 and ub 7038 genotypes. 3.2 the average age of flowering and harvesting of long bean plants results analysis variety to average age flowering not occur difference which real on treatment mulch and genotype with test bnt with level 5%. average age harvest occur difference which real on treatment genotype with test bnt with level 5%. age flowering and the harvesting age of long bean plants will be shown in table 4 . table 4 . age of flowering and harvesting of long bean plants treatment age flower ( hst ) age harvest ( hst ) giving mulch mulching 35.90 45.83 without mulch 36.33 46.19 bnt 5% mr mr genotype aura putih 36.00 45.00ab kp7 36.00 45.00ab ub7017 36.33 43.00a ub7022 36.17 42.33a ub7023 35.33 44.67ab ub7037 36.33 46.83bcd ub7038 36.67 48.33cd ub7054 36.33 47.33bcd 58 ❒ issn : 2302-9625 (print) 2828-6316 (online) agripreneur, vol. 11, no. 2 december 2022: pp 53-62 ub7064 35.83 44.67ab ub7068 36.33 46.17bcd ub7070 36.00 48.00cd ub7073 35.67 48.17cd ub7074 36.50 45.83bc ub7109 36.17 48.83d bnt 5% mr 2.73 description: numbers which accompanied alphabet which same on one column signify no different real according to bnt 5%. from table could explained that gift mulch on planting peanut long with variable age flowering and age harvest plant peanut long no there is difference which real with test different real smallest (bnt) with level 5%. on treatment mulch, age flowering plant peanut long 35.90 hst and on treatment without gift mulch 36.33 hst. on variables of harvesting age, harvesting age of long bean plants in the treatment with mulch 45.83 hst and in the treatment without mulch 46.19 hst. 3.3 average number of pods and number of flowers per plant results analysis variety to average total pod planting occur difference which real on treatment genotype and interaction among treatment mulch with genotype on test bnt with level 5%. average amount flower planting occur difference which real on treatment genotype and interaction among treatment mulch with genotype on test bnt with level 5%. average total flower and total pod planting will be shown in table 5 . table 5. average total interest and amount pods per plant treatment amount flower amount pod genotype mulching without mulch mulching without mulch aura putih 54.20a 50.40a 48.13a 45.27ab kp7 66.53de 62.13cd 60.67de 53.87cd ub7017 67.69de 65.07cd 62.18de 58.87cd ub7022 63.07cde 47.62a 56.80bcde 39.42a ub7023 61.93bcd 50.40a 55.27abcd 43.67a ub7037 64.91cde 76.60e 59.54cde 68.20e ub7038 66.53de 64.00cd 59.47cde 53.53cd ub7054 69.63e 60.78cd 62.63e 53.29cd ub7064 66.33de 65.00cd 61.80de 56.87cd ub7068 65.60cde 59.87bc 59.80de 52.80c ub7070 58.71abc 53.53ab 52.42abc 44.47a ub7073 63.60cde 59.80bc 57.87cde 52.09bc ub7074 55.80ab 51.07a 49.97ab 43.67a ub7109 77.13f 67.77d 72.27f 60.17d bnt 5% 3.67 3.67 3.64 3.64 description: numbers which accompanied alphabet which same on one column signify no different real according to bnt 5%. on table 5 can explained that treatment genotype with variable total pod planting, total pod the most on planting with use mulch that is on genotype ub7109 and which very a little 59 jurnal pertanian agribisnis issn: 2302-9625 (print) 2828-6316 (online) taufan rahmadi aji-effect of giving silver black plastic mulch on 14 genotics of long beans (vigna sesquipedalis). on genotype aurawhite. whereas on planting without use mulch, total pod the most on genotype ub7037 and which very a little that is ub7022, ub 7023 and ub 7070. 3.4 average number of clusters per plant and number of pods per cluster results analysis variety to average total cluster planting occur difference which real on treatment mulch, genotype and interaction among treatment mulch with genotype on test bnt with level 5%. average total pod per cluster no occur difference which real with test bnt with level 5%. average total cluster planting will displayed on table 6 and total pod per cluster will displayed in table 7 . table 6. average number of clusters per plant treatment amount cluster genotype mulching without mulch aura putih 16.33a 15.13a kp7 21.20defg 18.53b ub7017 21.76efg 20.07bc ub7022 19.60bcd 13.67a ub7023 20.00cde 14.53a ub7037 20.64defg 23.93d ub7038 21.00defg 18.20b ub7054 22.50g 18.31b ub7064 22.07g 19.60b ub7068 21.93fg 20.00bc ub7070 18.20abc 15.33a ub7073 20.13def 18.38b ub7074 17.89ab 15.20a ub7109 25.07h 21.70c bnt 5% 0.99 0.99 description: numbers which accompanied alphabet which same on one column signify no different real according to bnt 5%. on table 6 is described that treatment genotype with variable total cluster planting the most on planting with and without use mulch that is on genotype ub7109 and which very a little that is genotype aurawhite. table 7. number of pods per cluster of long bean plants treatment amount pod per cluster giving mulch mulching 2.85 without mulch 2.89 bnt 5% genotype white aura 2.99 kp7 2.89 ub7017 2.90 ub7022 2.91 60 ❒ issn : 2302-9625 (print) 2828-6316 (online) agripreneur, vol. 11, no. 2 december 2022: pp 53-62 ub7023 2.88 ub7037 2.88 ub7038 2.88 ub7054 2.85 ub7064 2.87 ub7068 2.68 ub7070 2.89 ub7073 2.86 ub7074 2.84 ub7109 2.82 bnt 5% description: numbers which accompanied alphabet which same on one column signify no different real according to bnt 5%. on table 7 can explained that treatment genotype on study influence gift mulch plastic to 14 genotype peanut long with variable average total pod per cluster no there is results which significantly different in the bnt test with a level of 5%. the average number of pods per cluster on the 14 long bean genotypes ranged from 2.66 to 2.99. 3.5 yield potential per plant and yield potential per plot results analysis variety to potency results planting occur difference which real on treatment mulch and genotype with test different real smallest (bnt) with level 5%. potency results plot occur difference which real on treatment mulch and genotype with test bnt with level 5%. potency results planting and potency results plot will shown in table 8. table 8. yield potential per plant and yield potential per plot treatment potency yield per plant (g tan-1) potency yield per plot (ton ha-1) giving mulch mulching 1140.24b 38.01b without mulch 972.52a 32.42a bnt 5% 24.69 0.82 genotype aura putih 1640.05f 54.67f kp7 1474.36ef 49.15ef ub7017 789.83a 26.33a ub7022 790.50a 26.35a ub7023 821.24a 27.37a ub7037 915.99abc 30.53abc ub7038 876.97ab 29.23ab ub7054 983.19abc 32.77abc ub7064 805.61a 26.85a ub7068 1036.51abc 34.55abc ub7070 1170.26cd 39.01cd ub7073 1341.53de 44.72de ub7074 1148.01bcd 38.27bcd ub7109 995.30abc 33.18abc 61 jurnal pertanian agribisnis issn: 2302-9625 (print) 2828-6316 (online) taufan rahmadi aji-effect of giving silver black plastic mulch on 14 genotics of long beans (vigna sesquipedalis). bnt 5% 273.65 9.12 description: numbers which accompanied alphabet which same on one column signify no different real according to bnt 5%. potency results plot on treatment genotype occur difference which real between treatment. potency results plot highest on genotype aurawhite with potency 54.67 tonha -1 . genotype which approach results plot highest is ub7073 genotype with potential per plot of 44.72 tons ha -1 . 3.6 aphid attack intensity observation intensity attack aphids done on moment plant aged 2 week after plant until with 9 week after plant, from observation which done obtained data average attack on every the week . observation started from week second until week ninth. on planting with mulch and without use mulch no occur attack aphids on all genotype plant peanut long. genotype plant peanut long in a manner whole stand to attack aphids potency results planting as well as potency results plot on study this pointing anadanya difference real on treatment mulch and genotype, will but no there is interaction between treatment. in accordance with purwowidodo (1983) for control evaporation water so use mulch is ingredient which potential for maintain temperature, humidity land, content ingredient organic, reduce total and speed genre surface, upgrade absorption water and control growth weeds. opinion which same also disclosed by umboh (1999), that is surface silver intended so that reflection (reflection) radiation sun elevated. height reflection radiation sun this have effect double. effect first is zoom out hot which flow to land so that possibility temperature land could lowered, temporary effect second is enlarge radiation sun which could accepted by leaves plant so that possibility photosynthesis process can be enhanced. use mulch plastic black silver could push growth weeds on land cultivation, plant peanut long which planted with use mulch plastic, no disturbed by exists growth weeds. so that nutrition which available could used fully by plant peanut long in the growth process . use mulch plastic black silver could upgrade humidity land, humidity land will awake because steam water which is lost on process evaporation will stuck by layer mulch and will returned again to land as a source of metabolism. use mulch plastic black silver could parse level erosion land which caused because water rain. water rain which fall down no live about the surface land and bring the particles because before when it hits the ground, the rainwater is retained by a layer of mulch. use mulch upgrade results harvest planting as well as potency results per plot, but results which tall also depends from genotype which planted. genotype aurawhite have potency results which tall compared to with other genotypes. results study show that no occur interaction among treatment gift mulch on planting peanut long with genotype use peanut long. results analysis variety show that difference which real there is on treatment genotype. genotype which very superior is genotype white aura with an average pod length of 84.23 cm . component microclimate which disclosed by widiningsih (1985) also raises interaction real on variable total pod. with use of mulch on planting peanut long, total pod his planting more much more than planting without using mulch. 62 ❒ issn : 2302-9625 (print) 2828-6316 (online) agripreneur, vol. 11, no. 2 december 2022: pp 53-62 4. conclusion use mulch plastic black silver influence results from peanut long like total flower planting, total cluster planting, total pod planting potency results planting, and potency result per plot. use mulch plastic black silver no influence component results plant peanut long like long pod, total seed, weight pods, number of pods per cluster, flowering age, harvest age, genotype which produce results tall is genotype ub7073, then genotype which potentially for developed is ub7070 and ub7074. references fahrurrozi, bandi hermawan, latifah. 2005. pertumbuhan dan hasil kedelai pada berbagai dosis mulsa alangalang dan pengolahan tanah. agrosia8(1):21-24. halim, abdul, s.s.r.samosir; s.gusli, dan amboala. 2004. pengelolaan mulsa jerami padi dan pemupukan lewat daun dan pengaruhnya terhadap produksi kedelai di lahan sawah. jurnal sains dan teknologi. 4 (1):9-19. haryanto,e; suhartini,t; rahayu. 1995. budidaya kacang panjang. penebar swadaya. jakarta. hermawan,b. 2005. monitoring kadar air tanah melalui pengukuran dielektrik pada lahan jagung. jurnal ilmuilmu pertanian indonesia.7(1):15-22. koesriharti; moch.dawam maghfoer; nurul aini. 1999. pengaruh tingkat dan fase pemberian air terhadap tingkat kerontokan buah pada 10 kultivar tanaman lombok besar (capsicum annuum l). agrivita.21(1): kuswanto; litasoetopo; t.laili. 2003. keragaman genetik galur-galur kacang panjang terhadap cabmv. habitat 14 (1) : 15 21. lakitan, b. 1997. dasar-dasar klimatologi. pt. raja grafindo persada. jakarta. noorhadidan sudadi.2003. kajian pemberian air dan mulsa terhadap iklim mikro pada tanaman cabai di tanah entisol. jurnal ilmu tanah dan lingkungan 4 (1) :41-49. peksen,a.2004.fresh pod yield and somepod characteristics of cow pea (vigna unguiculata l.walp.) genotypes from turkey. asian journal of plant sciences 3 (3): 269-273. rukmana. 1995. bertanam kacang panjang . kanisius. yogyakarta. rukmana dan saputra.1997. hama tanaman dan teknik pengendaliannya. kanisius. yogyakarta. samadi, b. 2003. usaha tani kacang panjang. kanisius. yogyakarta. sunaryono,h. 1990. air, fungsi dan kegunaannya bagi pertanian. sinar baru.bandung. umboh, a.h. 1999. petunjuk penggunaan mulsa. penebar swadaya. jakarta. vidya,c.,sunnyk.oommenand vijayaraghava kumar. 2002. genetic variability and heritability of yield and related characters in yard long bean. college of agriculture. kerala, india. journal of tropical agriculture 40 (2002): 11-13. widiningsih. 1985. evaluasi lahan. fakultas pertanian unibraw. malang. agripreneur, 11 (1) (2022) pp. 25-33 journal homepage: www.iocscience.org/ejournal/index.php/agripreneur published by: iocscience agripreneur : jurnal pertanian agribisnis journal homepage: www.iocscience.org/ejournal/index.php/agripreneur journal homepage: www.iocscience.org/ejournal/index.php/agripreneur feasibility analysis of patchouli business in lere village basala district konawe selatan regency saenal wahid1*, muh arifin fattah2, and hasriani3 1program studi agribisnis, fakultas pertanian, universitas muhammadiyah makassar, indonesia 23dosen program studi agribisnis, fakultas pertanian, universitas muhammadiyah makassar, indonesia email: saenalwahid@gmail.com abstract this study aims to determine the income and feasibility of patchouli agroindustry in lere village, basala district, south konawe regency. the sampling technique in this study used the census method and the informants in th is study were patchouli farmers in lere village, basala district, south konawe regency as many as 16 respondents. the results showed that the results of the feasibility analysis of patchouli agroindustry were feasible to run with the total business income generated, which was rp. 109,809,734., with the average income of each patchouli farmer is rp. 6,863,108., and based on the results of the calculation of the r/c ratio, which is 3.58 > 1 and is said to be feasible, which means that each expenditure is rp. 100 will provide an income of rp. 358. based on the results of the calculation of the bep, the price is rp. 131,081., and bep production of 90 kg. meanwhile, the production value of patchouli agroindustry is 324 kg with a selling price of rp. 470,000 greater than the price bep and production bep, then the patchouli agroindustry is said to be profitable. keywords: feasibility,farming, patchouli 1. introduction most of the plantation products are export-oriented and traded in international markets, as a source of foreign exchange. besides providing economic benefits, it cannot be ignored so that plantation businesses can maintain and even improve environmental quality. the contribution of the plantation sub-sector to the national economy in 2012 reached $35.64 billion or equivalent to rp.427.68 trillion. the role of these plantations tends to increase from year to year in strengthening national development (harlin, 2016). patchouli (pogostemon cablin benth) is one of the important essential oil-producing plants and is known as patchouly oil. patchouli oil along with 14 other types of essential oils is an export commodity that generates foreign exchange. indonesia is the main supplier of 90% of the world's patchouli oil. indonesian patchouli oil has been known to the world since 65 years ago, the volume of essential oil has always increased, in 2001 it reached 5,080 tons with a value of $52.97 million or 4.4% of the value of the world's essential oil trade. the main supplier of 90% patchouli oil in the world (halfin 2017). the main problem faced by patchouli distillers in lere village, basala district, south konawe regency is the price of patchouli oil which often fluctuates, and during the rainy season in june-october the price of patchouli can reach rp. 470,000 per kg and in the dry season in january-march the price of patchouli decreased to rp. 350,000/kg and the government's lack of attention to farmers, starting from the planting period, agricultural infrastructure to maintaining the price of agricultural products, farmers did not receive counseling on farming techniques that could improve the quality and quantity of yields, thus greatly affecting the production volume of patchouli plant management. . given the problems above, it is necessary to conduct research on business feasibility. business feasibility analysis is an analysis/research on whether or not a business is profitable or not, which is usually a farming business. ). in addition to the need to conduct research based on business feasibility analysis, it is also necessary to calculate the break even point (bep) or break even point. break even point (bep) or the break-even point is a point that shows that the total revenue generated by the company is equal to the total costs incurred, so that the company does not make a profit and does not suffer a loss. break even point (bep) can be interpreted as a situation where in operations, the company does not make a profit and does not suffer a loss. based on the description above, the authors are interested in conducting this research through an empirical mailto:saenalwahid@gmail.com 26 ️ issn2302-9625 (print) agripreneur, vol. 11, no. 1 june 2022: pp 25-33 study with the research title "analysis of the feasibility of patchouli agro-industry farming in lere village, basala district, south konawe regency. 2. methods this research was conducted in lere village, basala district, south konawe regency. the selection of this location was done deliberately with several considerations. lere village is a village where the majority of the people work as patchouli farmers as a short-term crop. this research was conducted from january to march 2022. the population of patchouli farmers in lere village, basala district, south konawe regency, namely 16 farmers, the method used in determining the sample is the census method. the census method is that the entire population is presented as respondents and uses a structured questionnaire as the main data collection tool to obtain specific information. the data collection method used interviews, which is one of the data and information collection techniques by directly interviewing patchouli farmers. questioner, which is a technique or data collection tool by asking a list of questions about the problem to be studied to the informant to be answered. observation in the field, namely direct observation of farmers who have patchouli cultivation and analyze the things that affect the income of patchouli farmers. 3. results and discussion characteristics of respondents provide an overview seen from several aspects, namely age, level of education, gender, number of dependents in the family, and farming experience. these aspects can affect the performance of patchouli oil agroindustry development respondents in this study are patchouli farmers who are in lere village, basalama district, south konawe regency. 3.1 characteristics of respondents based on age level age is a factor that affects the success of work and the ability to work both physically and mentally. the age classification of respondents from patchouli farmers in lere village, basalama district, south konawe regency is as follows; table 1. age classification of patchouli farmers in lere village, basala district, south konawe regency. age ( years ) number of people) percentage % 35 – 39 6 37 40 – 44 4 25 45 – 49 3 19 50 – 54 3 19 amount 16 100 source:primary data after processing, 2022 table 1 shows that the patchouli farmers in lere village, basala district, south konawe regency aged 35-39 years were 6 people with the highest percentage of 37%, then patchouli farmers aged 40-44 were 4 people with a percentage of 25%, and the last is at the age level of 45 – 49 and 50 – 54 each as many as 3 people with a percentage of 19%. with a percentage of 37%, namely at the age level of 35-39, it shows that patchouli farmers in lere village, basala district, south konawe regency are classified as productive age. according to 27 jurnal pertanian agribisnis issn 2302-9625 (print) ️ saenal wahid, et al-feasibility analysis of patchouli business in lere village basala district konawe selatan regency priyono and yasin (2016), the productive age for each individual is between 20 to 40 years, this age is considered very productive for the workforce because if the age is below 20 years, the average individual still does not have sufficient skill maturity and is still in the educational process. meanwhile, at the age of 40 years, the physical ability of the individual begins to decline. 3.2 characteristics of respondents based on education level education level is a person's level in taking the last study to add knowledge and insight to learn about the conditions that will be faced. the education levels taken by patchouli farmers in lere village, basala district, konawe selatan district are as follows: table 2. level of education of patchouli farmers in lere village, basala district, south konawe district. level of education number of people) percentage (%) sd 5 31 junior high school 7 44 senior high school 4 25 amount 16 100 source: primary data after processing, 2022. table 2. describes the education level of patchouli farmers as research respondents in lere village, basala district, south konawe district, which is very influential in the patchouli agro-industry business process. the highest level of education of farmers is at the junior high school level, which is 5 people with a percentage of 31%, while the lowest level of education is at the high school level, which is 4 people with a percentage of 25%. this shows that farmers are able to accept innovations in the patchouli agro-industry business well. according to sedarmayanti (2003) education with its various programs has an important role in obtaining and improving the quality and professional abilities of individuals at work. through education a person is prepared to have the provisions to be ready to know, 3.3 characteristics of respondents based on business experience the business experience of patchouli farmers greatly affects the agro-industry business that is run. farmers who are experienced in running a business are able to overcome the risks or problems that will be faced in their business. the classification of patchouli agro-industry experience in lere village, basala district, south konawe regency is as follows: table 3. characteristics of patchouli farmers respondents based on business experience in lere village, basalama district, south konawe regency business experience (years) number of people) percentage(%) 10 – 15 3 19 16 – 20 6 37 21 – 25 7 44 amount 166 100 source: primary data after processing, 2022. table 3. it can be seen that patchouli farmers in lere village, basala district, south konawe regency are very varied with the lowest farming experience, namely 10-15 years with a total of 3 farmers with a percentage of 19%, while the highest or highest farming experience is 21 25 years, namely 9 people with a percentage of 44%. this has explained 28 ️ issn2302-9625 (print) agripreneur, vol. 11, no. 1 june 2022: pp 25-33 that the level of experience of patchouli farmers has been going on for a long time so that farmers have been able to overcome problems or obstacles that arise in the patchouli agroindustry business. kondorura et al (2018) explains that a worker who has more work experience will certainly understand better what to do when facing a problem that arises. 3.4 characteristics of respondents based on number of family dependents the number of family dependents includes the number of family members who are still under the responsibility of the head of the family. the more dependents the family will have, the more needs are needed. the size of the family dependents of each respondent can support marketing because a relatively large family can facilitate work because it is a potential source of labor. the number of family dependents of each respondent can be seen in the table below: table 4. number of family dependents of patchouli farmers in lere village, basala district, south konawe regency no family dependents (persons) number of respondents (persons) percentage (%) 1 1 – 2 4 25 2 3 – 4 12 75 amount 16 100 source: primary data after processing, 2022 table 4. explains that farmers who have the highest family dependents are in the number of dependents 3-4, namely 12 people with a percentage of 75%, while the lowest family dependents are 1-2 with a total of 4 people with a percentage of 25%. this shows that patchouli farmers in lere village, basala district, north konawe regency generally use family members as labor so that they can reduce labor costs in the patchouli agro-industry business process. taftazani and purwanto (2018) explain that the number of dependents can be a reason for someone to be able to work, for example a worker who has dependents will be more enthusiastic because he realizes that not only he will enjoy the results but there are other people who are waiting for his hard work and become his responsibility. . 3.5 production cost analysis production costs include fixed costs and variable costs. fixed costs are the cost of depreciation of equipment and variable costs include the cost of raw materials, equipment, and labor costs. fixed costs are types of costs that are incurred in one production process are fixed in number and do not change. in carrying out the patchouli agro-industry business, which includes fixed costs, is the equipment used, which is calculated based on the price of each equipment. variable costs are costs incurred in the production process depending on the size of the resulting production. variable costs include costs used to purchase seeds, fertilizers, medicines and labor. 3.6 fixed cost fixed costs are costs whose total amount remains within a certain range of activity volumes depending on the type of business activity. fixed costs in the patchouli agroindustry business are equipment costs which consist of depreciation of the hoe rp. 8825., 29 jurnal pertanian agribisnis issn 2302-9625 (print) ️ saenal wahid, et al-feasibility analysis of patchouli business in lere village basala district konawe selatan regency spray rp. 68,183., cart rp. 80,325, gerpal rp.8,606., sickle rp. 13,425., and scissors rp. 8,625. the average fixed costs used by patchouli farmers in lere village, basala district, south konawe regency can be seen in the following table: table 5. total average fixed costs issued by patchouli farmers in lere village, basala district, south konawe regency no description amount (rp) 1 tool shrink 3,008,266 land tax total 3,008,266 average fixed cost 188.017 source: primary data after processing, 2022 based on the data above, it can be seen that the average use of fixed costs incurred by patchouli farmers in the patchouli agro-industry business in lere village, basala district, south konawe regency, is rp. 3.00.266., and obtained the total average fixed costs of the total costs used by 16 patchouli agro-industry business actors in lere village, basala district, south konawe regency, which is rp. 188.071. fixed costs are costs that do not change in total as business activity increases or decreases. included in this cost group are depreciation costs (buildings, machinery, vehicles, and other fixed assets), salaries and wages that are paid regularly, rent costs, insurance costs, taxes, and other costs whose amount is not affected by sales volume (krista, 2006:57). 3.7 variable cost variable costs are costs whose total amount changes in proportion to changes in the volume of activity. variable costs consist of the cost of purchasing seeds of rp. 11,448,000., with the purchase price of aunt patchouli, which is rp. 27,000/kg., fertilizer includes urea rp. 5,109,000., npk fertilizer rp. 3,419,000., liquid organic fertilizer rp. 1.350.000., medicines including furdan rp. 486.000., and labor wages of rp. 17.650.000., for more details about the variable costs used in the patchouli agro-industry business in lere village, basala district, south konawe regency can be seen in the following table: table 6. average total variable costs expended by patchouli farmers in lere village, basala district, south konawe regency no description cost (rp) 1 seeds 11,448,000 2 fertilizer -urea -npk -organic liquid 5,109,000 3,419,000 1.350.000 3 drugs -furdan 486.000 4 labor 17,650,000 total 39,462,000 average fixed cost 2,466.375 source: primary data after processing, 2022 based on table 6, it can be seen that the average use of variable costs that must be spent on the patchouli agroindustry business from a total of rp. 39,462,000., ie each patchouli 30 ️ issn2302-9625 (print) agripreneur, vol. 11, no. 1 june 2022: pp 25-33 farmer respondent in average spends variable costs which include the cost of seeds, fertilizers, medicines and labor of rp. 2,466,375/person. variable costs are costs that in total increase in proportion to the increase in activity and decrease in proportion to the decrease in activity. variable costs include the cost of direct materials, direct labor, some supplies, some indirect labor, small tools, rework, and defective units. variable costs can usually be identified directly with activities that cause costs (krista, 2006:58). 3.8 total cost the total cost of a business is the total cost, which consists of fixed costs and variable costs. every business has a different total cost, where the total cost of a business is determined by the amount of fixed costs and variable costs. in the patchouli agro-industry business in lere village, basala district, south konawe regency which is the object of this research. the total costs in the patchouli agroindustry can be seen in the following table: table 7. total costs expended by patchouli farmers in lere village, basala district, south konawe regency no description amount (rp) 1 fixed cost 3,008,266 2 variable cost 39,462,000 total 42,470,266 source: processed primary data, 2022 based on the table above, it can be seen that the total use of costs in the patchouli agroindustry business in lere village, basala district, south konawe regency is rp. 42,470,266., from the total fixed costs of rp.3.008.266., and variable costs of rp. 39,462,000., 3.9 revenue analysis in patchouli agroindustry revenue is the total value of the products sold within a certain period of time multiplied by the selling price determined by the craftsman which is measured in rupiah (rp). for more details, the acceptance of patchouli agro-industry in lere village, basala district, south konawe regency can be seen in the following table: table 8. average income of patchouli farmers in lere village, basala district, south konawe regency no description amount (kg) selling price (rp/kg) revenue (rp) 1 patchouli production 324 470,000 152,280,000 total 324 470,000 152,280,000 source: processed primary data, 2022 the average income of patchouli agro-industry farmers in lere village, basala district, south konawe regency with units sold is an average of 324 kg with a selling price of rp. 470,000/kg so that the receipt of rp. 152,280,000. zaenuddin kabai (2015) revenue is the total income received by producers in the form of money obtained from the sale of goods produced. 31 jurnal pertanian agribisnis issn 2302-9625 (print) ️ saenal wahid, et al-feasibility analysis of patchouli business in lere village basala district konawe selatan regency 3.10 income analysis of patchouli agroindustry income is a reduction from the total revenue with the costs incurred in the patchouli agro-industry business. a business is said to be profitable if the total revenue received is greater than the total costs incurred. details of the benefits obtained from the patchouli agroindustry business in lere village, basala district, south konawe regency, can be seen in the following table: table 9. average income of patchouli farmers in lere village, basala district, south konawe regency no description amount (rp) 1 total revenue (tr) 152,280,000 2 total cost (tc) 42,470,266 total income 109,809,734 average income 6,863,108 source: processed primary data, 2022 the total income obtained from the patchouli agro-industry business in lere village, basala district, south konawe regency is rp. 109,809,266 from the reduction in total revenue (tc) of rp. 152,280,000 minus the total cost (tc) of rp. 42,470,266., and the average income of patchouli farmers is rp. 6.368.108., menurunafarain (2006) income is the inflow of assets from the company's activities selling goods and services in a period that results in an increase in capital that does not come from investment contributions. 3.11 revenue cost ratio revenue cost ratio is a feasibility analysis test with a comparison between total income and total costs incurred. the criteria used in this analysis is that if the r/c value > 1 then the business is said to be profitable and feasible to run, because the amount of income is greater than the amount of costs incurred, and vice versa. the calculation of the results of the analysis of income with costs (r/c) can be seen as follows: 𝑅𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑢 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 (𝑅 𝐶 ⁄ ) = 𝑇𝑅 𝑇𝐶 𝑅 𝐶⁄ = 𝑅𝑝. 152.280.000 𝑅𝑝. 42.470.266 𝑅 𝐶⁄ = 3.58 r/c is the comparison value between total revenue and total cost. the total income received by patchouli farmers is rp. 152,280,000 and the total cost is rp. 42,470,266. based on the description above, it can be concluded that the patchouli agro-industry business is declared profitable and feasible to cultivate. this can be seen from the comparison of total income with total costs that are greater than one, which has a number of 3.58 > 1. in other words, the r/c value of 3.58 means that for every rp. 100 costs incurred, the patchouli agro-industry business gets an income of rp. rp. 358.according to suratiyah (2015), r/c is a comparison between revenue and total costs where revenue = the amount of revenue earned, cost = the amount of costs incurred. 3.12 break event point (bep) feasibility analysis bep is a condition where the business does not make a profit and does not experience a loss. the bep on the patchouli agro-industry business in lere village, basala district, south konawe regency is as follows: 32 ️ issn2302-9625 (print) agripreneur, vol. 11, no. 1 june 2022: pp 25-33 𝐵𝐸𝑃 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑘𝑠𝑖 = 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐵𝑖𝑎𝑦𝑎 (𝑅𝑝) 𝐻𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑎 𝐽𝑢𝑎𝑙 (𝑅𝑝) 𝐵𝐸𝑃 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑘𝑠𝑖 = rp.42.470.266 𝑅𝑝.470.000 = 90 bep price 𝐵𝐸𝑃 𝐻𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑎 = 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐵𝑖𝑎𝑦𝑎 (𝑅𝑝) 𝐽𝑢𝑚𝑙𝑎ℎ 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑘 𝐵𝐸𝑃 𝐻𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑎 = rp.42.470.266 324 = rp. 131.081 from the above calculation, it can be seen that the product bep and the price bep are 90 patchouli and the bep price is rp. 131,081 of patchouli sales reached 90 kg, it will break even at a price of rp. 131,081. meanwhile, the production value of patchouli agroindustry is 324 kg with a selling price of rp. 470,000 it can be concluded that this amount is greater than the product bep and price bep, so the patchouli agro-industry business in lere village, basala district, south konawe regency is said to be profitable.according to mulyadi (2001:232) states that: the break-even point is the state of a business that earns a profit and does not suffer a loss. 4. conclusion from the results of data analysis conducted that the income received by this business provides benefits to patchouli farmers with a total income of rp. 109,280,000., with an average income of rp. 6,863,108. from the results of the calculation of the feasibility level, an r/c value of 3.58 can be concluded that the patchouli agro-industry business in lere village, basala district, south konawe regency is feasible to run with the provisions, if the r/c value> 1 then the patchouli agro-industry business is profitable. references h halfin,od., salahuddin, wunawarsin.,ai,2017. motivasi petani dalam membudidayakan tanaman nilam (pogostemo cablin benth) di desa kilambibito kecamatan kontukowuna kabupaten muna. jurnal. alumni jurusan agribisnis fakultas pertanian uho dan staf pengajar jurusan agribisnis fakultas pertanian uho. hamid dan syarif. 1992. jenis tanaman nilam. jawatengah. harlin, 2016. identifikasi dan potensi perluasan tanaman nilam (pogostemon cablin benth.) di bawah tegakan kakaodi kabupaten polewali mandar. jurnal. program studi agroteknologi, fakultas ilmu pertanian, universitas al asyariah mandar. husein umar. 2007, metode penelitian untuk skripsi 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(2004) budidaya dan penyulingan tanaman nilam, penebar swadaya, jakarta. sugiyono. (2010). metode penelitian pendidikan: pendekatan kuantitatif, kualitatif, dan r&d. bandung: alfabeta sukirno. 2002. analisis pendapatan. http ://digilib. ac. id/bab. 2002.pdf .2012. pemasaran pertanian. umm.press,jakarta. sukirno. sadono, 2012. pengantar teori mikroekonomi. jakarta: raja gafindo persada soedjarwanto dan riswan, 1994. peyerapan tenaga kerja pada industri batu bata di kabupaten dati ii banyumas. skripsi s1 fakultas ekonomi unsoed. purwokerto. agripreneur, 11 (1) (2022) pp. 25-33 journal homepage: www.iocscience.org/ejournal/index.php/agripreneur published by: iocscience agripreneur : jurnal pertanian agribisnis journal homepage: www.iocscience.org/ejournal/index.php/agripreneur journal homepage: www.iocscience.org/ejournal/index.php/agripreneur adoption of farmers' innovation in the development of onion business in kayu loe village, bantaeng district, bantaeng regency arisa1*, amruddin2, saleh molla3 1,3program srudi agribisnis, fakultas pertanian, universitas muhammadiyah makassar 2dosen program studi agribisni, fakultas pertanian, universitas muhammadiyah makassar, indonesia email: arisaar487@gmail.com abstract the purpose of this study was to find out how the level of adoption of farmer innovation in the development of onion farming is and how the behavior changes of farmers on the application of innovation in onion cultivation in kayu loe village, bantaeng district, bantaeng regency. this research was conducted in kayu loe village, bantaeng district, bantaeng regency using a simple random sampling technique with 42 respondents. the data analysis technique used is quantitative and qualitative descriptive analysis using a rating scale. the results showed that the adoption stage of agricultural extension on shallot cultivation in kayu loe village from the interest stage was 2.13%, tried 2.28 and received 2.18 was included in the medium category because farmers did not adopt new things conveyed by the extension workers, where the three results are less encouraging or motivating to increase the production of shallots in the village. while the awareness stage is 2.44 and the assessment stage is 2.41, it is included in the high category because farmers have adopted the things that have been conveyed by the agricultural instructor. where when delivering information about the development of shallot farming, extension workers apply shallot agricultural production to the community so that farmers are motivated in the use of new shallot planting ideas. changes in knowledge of farmers are classified as moderate category because farmers do not know what innovation adoption of onion planting is and farmers also rarely participate in counseling about onion planting innovations. keywords: adoption of innovation, counseling, behavior 1. introduction shallots (allium ascalonicum l) are a type of vegetable that has many benefits and has high economic value. the demand for fresh shallots for household consumption and raw materials for the domestic processing industry continues to increase every year in line with the development of the population and the growth of the food industry. therefore, the production of quality shallots must be increased and produced throughout the year so that the supply is available and the price does not fluctuate (manongko et al, 2017). shallots have become a concern of the government in developing new onion centers in dry land, where efforts to develop commodities are expected to be able to overcome the supply of domestic shallot production throughout the year. in addition, onions will be able to overcome the shortage of shallot supply which often causes very sharp fluctuations in the price of shallots and burdens the community. cultivation of shallots in dry land is a technological breakthrough to improve farmers' welfare, because shallot farming in paddy fields during the rainy season is considered inefficient and unprofitable. influencing the level of farmer decision-making on an innovation, namely shallot cultivation (caroline et al. 2017). mardikanto stated that the role of agricultural extension agents as "agents of change" has a dual task, namely conveying information and at the same time trying to change the behavior of the target community to be able to participate in development. in order to carry out this dual role, an agricultural instructor must prepare himself carefully, namely by increasing knowledge, skills, skills and improving attitudes. agricultural extension is an agent for changing farmers' behavior by encouraging farmers to change their behavior to become farmers with better abilities and able to make their own decisions, which in turn will get a better life. kartasapoetra, (1994) in timbulus (2016). mailto:arisaar487@gmail.com 26 ️ issn2302-9625 (print) agripreneur, vol. 11, no. june 1, 2022: pp 25-33 for agricultural extension workers, the changes that occur in the development of agricultural science and technology, the level of farmers' abilities and environmental changes that affect farming must really be mastered. therefore, with a change in knowledge about this change, agricultural extension workers can take work steps so that farmers can consciously accept what is recommended. agricultural extension activities are aimed at achieving changes in the behavior of farmers and their communities covering aspects of both economic, socio-cultural, political and religious, for that the development provided must be able to encourage changes that have the nature of renewal, which is often called "innovation", briefly innovation means new ideas, ideas, practices. so that overall it can be interpreted as an idea, product, information technology, institution, behavior, values, and new practices that are not yet widely known, accepted, and used by the majority of the community in a certain location, which can encourage change. -changes in all aspects of people's lives. from the description above, the aim of the extension agent is to change the behavior of farmers through increasing the knowledge, attitudes, skills and motivation of the target farmers so that farmers are able to make decisions in running and developing their farming independently. through the role of extension agents as agents of change, farmers are expected to be aware of their needs, improve their abilities, and be able to play a better role in society. adoption in the extension process (agriculture), can essentially be interpreted as a process of accepting innovation and/or behavior change, both in the form of knowledge (cognitive), attitude (affective), and skills (psychomotor) in a person after receiving innovations delivered by extension workers by the community. the target. acceptance here means not just knowing, but actually being able to implement or apply it correctly and live it in life and farming. acceptance of these innovations, can usually be observed directly or indirectly by others, as a reflection of changes in attitudes, knowledge, and skills (mardikanto, 1993). bantaeng regency is one of the regencies that is very good for horticultural agricultural land in south sulawesi, for example vegetable commodities (shallots). but there is one village in bantaeng regency, namely in kayu loe village, bantaeng district, bantaeng regency, some farmers are still not aware of how to use their agricultural land. so that most of the farming community in kayu loe village are looking for income in the city even though the land they have is quite large, with agricultural extension to apply new ideas about developing shallot farming, the vacant land can be used for planting shallots. however, the efforts of the farmers are less interested in attending the extension on the adoption of innovation for shallot cultivation carried out by the field agricultural extension workers who apply it according to the cultivation of shallots. so that most shallot farmers plant according to their own habits, followed by other shallot farmers, as well as management issues which are also classified as still lacking and greatly affect the lack of maximum shallot production increase. therefore, the researcher considers it necessary to conduct research on the analysis of innovation adoption in the development of shallot farming in bantaeng district, bantaeng regency so that in the future it can develop about shallot cultivation. 27 jurnal pertanian agribisnis issn 2302-9625 (print) ️ arisa, adoption of farmer innovation in the development of shallot farming in kayu loe village, bantaeng district, bantaeng regency. 2. methods 2.1 research location and time the location selection was done intentionally, namely based on certain considerations adapted to the research objectives. this research will be carried out in kayu loe village, bantaeng district, bantaeng regency, this research will be carried out from may to june 2022 2.2 sampling technique determination of respondents is done byusing the simple random sampling method (simple random), the number of samples taken was 10% of the total farmer population, so that 42 samples were selected as respondents. this is in accordance with the opinion of suharsimi arikunto (2002) which states that the number of samples can be selected as much as 10% 15% or 20% 25% which can represent the farmer population. 2.3 data types and sources there are two types of data in general, namely quantitative data and qualitative data which will be explained below, the authors focus more on qualitative data in conducting this analysis. 2.4 data collection technique data collection techniques are a step that must be used in conducting a study, in order to obtain data in accordance with what is desired. the data collection techniques used in this study were observation, interviews, documentation and questionnaires. 2.5 data analysis technique the data analysis carried out is descriptive analysis using quantitative and qualitative data originating from the application of extension methods to shallot farmers in kayu loe village, bantaeng district, bantaeng regency. (sanggarimbu and effendi, 2006) with the following conditions: formula: highest value – lowest value number of respondents 1. tall : 3 2. currently : 2 3. low : 1 by measurement category, namely: 1. low if the average score is 1.00 1.66 2. medium if the average score> 1.67 – 2.32 3. high if the average value > 2.33 – 3.00 3. results and discussion 3.1 shallot farmer adoption stage the process of planting shallots carried out by farmers in increasing their production is still traditional. in this way, farmers find it easier to plant shallots, because it is not so difficult. in this adoption we can find out the level of knowledge of farmers in the development of shallots through several stages: a. consciousness stage table 1 below explains that the adoption of farmers in the development of shallots in kau loe village, from the awareness of farmers about new ideas on how to plant shallots is very useful for increasing agricultural production yields, based on a research survey conducted using the scoring method, the average results are obtained. average with a value 28 ️ issn2302-9625 (print) agripreneur, vol. 11, no. june 1, 2022: pp 25-33 of 2.29 belonging to the medium category. it is said to be moderate because farmers say that the new ideas conveyed by the extension workers do not necessarily benefit the community from onion farming. farmers' awareness about agricultural potential in kayu loe village is very supportive about planting shallots and it can be seen that based on a research survey conducted using the scoring method, the average result is 2.79 classified as high category. because the statement submitted by a respondent named dg kammisi stated that the location in kayu loe village is very supportive and can be used as agricultural land for shallots, therefore it can be classified as high. farmers' awareness of the strengths and weaknesses of the shallot planting process in kayu loe village is based on a survey conducted during the research using the scoring method, the average result is 2.24 classified as moderate category. this is said to be moderate because according to one respondent said that the problems faced with planting shallots are sometimes insurmountable and cannot be overcome, for example, the incidence of pests and diseases of shallots is sometimes insurmountable and sometimes can be overcome. table 1. awareness of shallot farmers in kayu loe village, bantaeng district, bantaeng regency. no activity average category 1 awareness of new ideas on how to plant shallots is very useful for increasing farmers' production yields. 2.29 currently 2 farmers' awareness of agricultural potential is very supportive of onion planting. 2.79 tall 3 awareness of the advantages and disadvantages of the onion planting process. 2.24 currently source: processed primary data, 2022 b. interest stage based on table 2 below, the interest of farmers to obtain information through extension workers and the community about ideas for planting shallots in kayu loe village can be seen based on a research survey using the scoring method, the average result is 2.31 in the medium category. it is said to be in the medium category because according to one respondent that he does not agree that he can get information from agricultural extensions because farmers are less interested in attending activities carried out by agricultural extension workers. the adoption rate of shallot planting at the stage of farmers' interest in knowing new things about onion planting based on a research survey obtained an average result of 2.26 belonging to the medium category. this is because farmers are still hesitant to apply new things they know. meanwhile, farmers' interest in finding out about extension activities about shallots based on a research survey obtained an average result of 1.81 in the low category. because according to the respondent, he does not often participate in agricultural extension activities regarding the application of onion planting. table 2. interests of shallot farmers in kayu loe village, bantaeng district, bantaeng regency no activity average category 1 farmers' interest in obtaining information through extension and community 2.31 currently 2 farmers' interest in knowing new things about planting shallots 2.26 currently 3 farmers' interest in finding out about extension activities about shallots 1.81 low c. assessment stage 29 jurnal pertanian agribisnis issn 2302-9625 (print) ️ arisa, adoption of farmer innovation in the development of shallot farming in kayu loe village, bantaeng district, bantaeng regency. based on table 3 below, the assessment of agricultural extension activities on how to plant shallots in kayu loe village can be seen based on the survey obtained an average result of 2.86 belonging to the high category. because according to respondents, the existence of agricultural extension activities can help farmers in the problem of planting shallots so as to provide good results. from the results of research conducted on the willingness of farmers to accept the things conveyed by extension workers about onion planting, the average value of 2.33 is classified as high so it can be said that not all farmers who do not want to consider this, there are also farmers who want to consider the problem of planting shallots, because according to them, new things can help farmers in increasing production yields and the process of planting shallots. however, there are also farmers who are less willing to consider the problem of planting shallots, this is because farmers are afraid of new things that can thwart the onion process that they are currently doing. meanwhile, judging from the positive things obtained from the shallot agricultural extension, the average yield of 2.26 was categorized as moderate because according to the respondents sometimes what was conveyed by the extension worker could be applied and sometimes it could not be applied. table 3. assessment of shallot farmers in kayu loe village, bantaeng district, bantaeng regency. no activities average category 1 assessment of agricultural extension activities on how to plant shallots. 2.86 tall 2 the willingness of farmers to accept the things conveyed by the extension worker about onion planting 2.33 tall 3 willingness to deliver about onion planting 2.05 currently d. trying stage based on table 4 below, the assessment for the criteria for farmers to try new ideas for planting shallots submitted by agricultural extension workers in kayu loe village obtained an average yield of 2.40 which was classified as high category. because farmers are getting interested in what the extension workers have to say about how to plant shallots. judging from the willingness of farmers to try new things in onion planting that has been determined by the agricultural extension, the average yield of 2.17 is in the medium category because according to one respondent he said he was not interested in what was conveyed by the extension worker because it was not necessarily what was conveyed. by extension workers can be profitable for farmers. meanwhile, judging from the positive things obtained from the shallot agricultural extension workers, the average yield of 2.26 was categorized as moderate because according to the respondents, the onion planting applied by the extension workers to farmers was uncertain, because farmers were afraid of the resulting production. will decrease. table 4. farmers' responses to the trial stage in kayu loe village, bantaeng district, bantaeng regency no activity average category 1 the interest of farmers to try new ideas for planting shallots conveyed by agricultural extension workers. 2.40 tall 2 willingness to try new ways of planting shallots that have been applied by agricultural extension workers 2.17 currently 3 positive things obtained from onion farming counseling 2.26 currently 30 ️ issn2302-9625 (print) agripreneur, vol. 11, no. june 1, 2022: pp 25-33 e. receiving stage based on table 5 above, the willingness of farmers to apply new things that have been conveyed by agricultural extension workers in kayu loe village obtained an average result of 2.00 which is categorized as moderate because according to respondents, farmers prefer to try what they know for themselves. the success for the implementation of onion planting from what has been conveyed by the extension worker obtained an average result of 2.17 belonging to the medium category because farmers in implementing the new things conveyed by the extension worker did not apply it because respondents said that farmers used things that were more common. they know for themselves. meanwhile, the increase in results obtained from the application of onion planting obtained an average result of 2.21 which was categorized as moderate because according to the respondent it was not good because he only relied on things he knew himself. table 5. farmers' responses to the receiving stage in kayu loe village, bantaeng district, bantaeng regency no activity average category 1 willingness to apply new things that have been conveyed by agricultural extension workers 2.00 currently 2 success for the application of onion planting 2.17 currently 3 increased yields obtained from the application of onion planting 2.21 currently judging from the results of the research that has been carried out on the adoption of shallot farmers in kayu loe village, bantaeng district, bantaeng regency, it can be seen the comparison of the adoption stages in table 6 below based on the results of the study below, the adoption stage of agricultural extension on shallot cultivation in kayu loe village from the interest stage of 2.13, trying 2.28 and receiving 2.18 was included in the medium category because farmers did not adopt new things conveyed by the extension workers. , where the three results did not encourage or motivate to increase the production of shallots in the village. while the awareness stage is 2.44 and the assessment stage is 2.41 included in the high category because farmers have adopted the things that have been conveyed by the agricultural instructor. where when conveying information about the development of shallot farming, extension workers apply shallot agricultural production to the community so that farmers are motivated in using new shallot planting ideas. the average value of the comparison of the stages of innovation adoption in kayu loe village, bantaeng district, bantaeng regency has an average value of 2.29 belonging to the medium category because the role of extension workers in this discussion activity is smaller. the presence of extension workers is more as a facilitator or resource person. meanwhile, the adoption stage is intended to show, show or highlight something with the intention of attracting the attention of the target or the person who sees it. the speed of the adoption process is not the same for everyone, on the one hand there are very fast but on the other hand there are people who need a long time to adopt an innovation (marzuki, 1999 in yenni 2010). table 6. comparison of adoption stages in kayu loe village, bantaeng district, bantaeng regency no stage average category 1 2 3 4 5 awareness interest evaluation try accept 2.44 2.13 2.41 2.28 2.18 tall currently tall currently currently average 2.29 currently 31 jurnal pertanian agribisnis issn 2302-9625 (print) ️ arisa, adoption of farmer innovation in the development of shallot farming in kayu loe village, bantaeng district, bantaeng regency. 3.2 changes in farmer behavior on application of innovation in cultivation shallots in kayu loe village the level of effectiveness or success in disseminating innovation is strongly influenced by the use of communication channels. through the use of interpersonal channels and mass media as sources of information, it is hoped that social changes will occur as a result of the adoption of innovations that will have an impact on behavioral changes in farmers which include changes in knowledge (cognitive) and changes in attitudes (affective). a. changes in farmers' knowledge of the adoption of shallot cultivation innovations table 7. level of change in farmer knowledge regarding the adoption of shallot cultivation innovations no activity average category 1 knowing about the adoption of onion planting innovation counseling 2.31 currently 2 have you ever attended counseling about the adoption of onion planting innovations? 1.81 currently 3 applying or doing things that have been explained by the instructor about onion cultivation 1.79 currently 4 the information that has been given by the extension worker about the adoption of innovation in onion planting is acceptable 2.17 currently average 2.02 currently based on table 7 above, the level of change in farmer knowledge regarding the adoption of onion planting innovation counseling obtained an average yield of 2.31 in the medium category, because some farming communities are still not aware of the adoption of shallot planting innovations. this happened because the farming community rarely attended counseling about the adoption of innovations regarding onion planting carried out by field agricultural extension workers who obtained an average score of 1.81 belonging to the medium category. meanwhile, the change in farmer's knowledge on the application of shallot growers scored 1.79 in the medium category. according to one respondent, he was hesitant to implement new things because farmers were not familiar with the new ideas presented by extension workers and they preferred to plant shallots according to their habits. meanwhile, to adopt innovations submitted by farmer extension workers, they still have not accepted, because according to one respondent, some farmers are not sure that they will succeed when implementing these new ideas and the lack of information obtained by farmers causes farmers to still doubt about innovations/new ideas regarding planting. shallots delivered by field agricultural extension workers. b. changes in farmers' attitudes towards the adoption of shallot cultivation innovations table 8. changes in farmers' attitudes regarding adoption of shallot cultivation innovations no activity average category 1 changes in the mindset of farmers about innovation regarding onion planting 2.50 tall 2 farmers agree on innovation as a means of cultivating shallots 2.33 tall 3 adoption of onion planting innovations can increase onion production 1.95 currently 4 making changes in terms of onion planting 1.95 currently average 2.18 currently 32 ️ issn2302-9625 (print) agripreneur, vol. 11, no. june 1, 2022: pp 25-33 based on table 8 above, we can see that the level of change in farmers' attitudes regarding changes in mindsets for onion planting innovations has an average value of 2.50 which is classified as high because according to one respondent, with this innovation, it can change his mindset which used to be. he did the planting of shallots according to his habit but now he has started to implement the new things presented by the agricultural extension workers. then some respondents also agreed that there would be innovation as a means of cultivating shallots because according to one respondent, innovation could make it easier for farmers to plant shallots. meanwhile, the adoption of innovation can increase the production of shallots, obtaining an average value of 1.95 in the medium category. and in terms of changes in farmers' attitudes in terms of making changes to onion planting, the average value of 1.95 was in the medium category because according to one respondent that some farmers had started to make changes in terms of planting shallots and some farmers were still hesitant to do so. changes with the reason that they are afraid of failure in planting shallots and they are afraid to try new things that are conveyed by field agricultural extension workers. 4. conclusion based on the results of research in the village of kayu loe, the following conclusions are drawn: a. the level of adoption stage reached by farmers is awareness, interest, judgment, try and accept. where the interest stage gets an average value of 2.13, the interest stage is 2.13, the trying stage is 2.41, the trying stage is 2.28 and the receiving stage is 2.18 including the medium category because farmers still pay less attention to new information or ideas conveyed by agricultural extension workers. while the awareness stage is 2.44 and the assessment stage is 2.41, it is in the high category because farmers pay attention to new things conveyed by extension workers about the use of new ideas regarding onion planting. b. changes in the behavior of farmers in desa kayu loe a) changes in knowledge of farmers are classified as moderate category because farmers do not know what innovation adoption of onion planting is and farmers also rarely participate in counseling about adoption of onion planting innovations. b) changes in attitude of farmers are classified as moderate category because some farmers cannot change their mindset and behavior / habits so that farmers have not implemented the new ideas presented by field agricultural extension workers. thank-you note the author would like to thank the shallot farming farmers and the research team who have collaborated during the research, thanks to their help and support this research can be carried out well. reference agussabti. 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international license (cc by-nc 4.0). published by: iocscience agripreneur : jurnal pertanian agribisnis journal homepage: www.iocscience.org/ejournal/index.php/agripreneur journal homepage: www.iocscience.org/ejournal/index.php/agripreneur analysis of marketing mix factors affecting the purchase decision of hybrid corn seeds bisi-2 (case study in pelem village, pare district, kediri regency) bahrul alam faculty of agriculture, brawijaya university, indonesia email: alambahrul@gmail.com abstract this study has some objections, for instance (1) to analyze the correlation of marketing mix that consist of product, price, distribution, and promotion to purchasing decision of bisi-2 hybrid corn seed (2) to analyze marketing mix factors that consist of product factor, price factor, distribution factor, and promotion factor that affecting to farmer decision on purchase bisi-2 hybrid corn seed for once again in the next corn plant season or not. the location of study was purposively determined in pelem village, pare subdistrict, kediri regency with the consideration that area is center of corn cultivation. sample total of this study is 105 respondents by accidental sampling method. the methods of analysis data in this study are descriptive analysis and quantitative analysis. descriptive analysis used for describe the respondent answer of the question that given. the quantitative analysis consist of rank spearman correlation used for analyze the correlation of marketing mix to purchasing decision and logistic regression used for analyze marketing mix factors that affecting to farmer decision on purchase of bisi-2 hybrid corn seed for once again or not in the next corn cultivation. according to the result of analysis correlation marketing mix to the purchasing decision of bisi-2 hybrid corn seed by rank spearman correlation shown all of the marketing mix factors consist of product, price, distribution, and promotion have a correlation to purchasing decision of bisi-2 hybrid corn seed. according to the result of analysis marketing mix factors that affecting to farmer decision on purchase of bisi-2 hybrid corn seed for once again or not in the next corn cultivation by logistic regression shown all of marketing mix factors consist of product, price, distribution,and promotion affecting to farmer decision on purchase of bisi-2 for once again or not, product factor has the higest effect on that farmer decision. keywords: marketing mix, purchase decision, bisi-2 hybrid corn seeds. 1. introduction the community's need for the commodity of corn (zea mays l.) is increasing in indonesia. this is because these commodities are very important food commodities. in accordance with its position which ranks second after rice, corn is in great demand by the public for consumption both on a household and industrial scale. what's more, corn is also used as poultry feed which requires corn as raw material around 50% of the total raw material needed. from this increasing need, the demand for corn continues to increase every year (sarasutha, 2002). the demand for corn commodity always increases every year. the demand for corn in 2006 for the household scale for public consumption was around 3.5 million tons. the demand for this corn commodity is expected to increase in the following year to reach 4.1 million tonnes. this situation indicates that the demand for corn commodity has increased by around 14% from the household scale alone. meanwhile, from an industrial scale, demand for corn in 2007 reached 2.9 million tons and demand from the feed mill sector was around 5.6 million tons. so that the total demand for corn from household and industrial scale in that year was around 13 million tons (indra, 2007). increasing demand for corn from year to year is not matched by sufficient supply. it was recorded from the survey results that the development of corn production in indonesia was 44 ❒ issn : 2302-9625 (print) 2828-6316 (online) agripreneur, vol. 11, no. 2 december 2022: pp 43-52 still not sufficient to meet demand. approximately 2 million tons of corn are needed to meet the demand from both households and industry. the supply of corn that is still not sufficient for this demand indicates that the government is always trying to make appropriate steps for countermeasures. one of the steps taken by the ministry of agriculture to overcome the shortage of corn supply is to socialize the use of hybrid corn seeds to farmers in their corn farming. this step is intended to increase corn production with optimal quality and quantity, which is currently determined by the procurement of quality/certified hybrid corn seeds (anonymous, 2007). hybrid corn is created from genetic engineering due to current technological advances. the creation of hybrid corn is done by crossing two or more elders. hybrid corn was created with the aim of obtaining superior properties from the two parents crossed. the superior characteristics of the two parents crossed include high yield, optimal productivity, tolerance to plant diseases and good tree performance (sturdy and able to absorb maximum sunlight). hybrid maize derivatives (f2) cannot be replanted for the next growing season because this will cause a decrease in production. this fact indicates that hybrid corn seeds can only be used once for planting. the marketing mix is a combination of the core elements of the company's marketing system attached to the product consisting of the product mix, price mix, distribution mix and promotion mix. the elements of the marketing mix were made by the company which were previously adjusted to the needs and desires of consumers so that henceforth it is hoped that they will generate interest in buying their products (kotler, 1997). so far pt bisi international tbk's marketing mix strategy has also been applied to bisi2 hybrid corn seeds. the strategy consists of product mix, price mix, distribution mix or marketing channels, and promotion mix. the marketing mix strategy was formulated as carefully as possible so that it looks creative and innovative which previously referred to the needs and desires of consumers, in this case farmers, so that they are expected to be able to always foster buying interest. in the end, with product acceptance by consumers, business continuity is maintained. meanwhile, the many alternative product choices on the market make consumers faced with various alternative brands. therefore, they will need and seek information regarding products that suit their needs and desires. the way consumers can find the information they need is to search internally or externally. internal search is nothing more than memory scanning to see decision-relevant knowledge stored in long-term memory. meanwhile, external search is a consumer's attempt to find information, where the information is a stimulus or stimulus from the environment, in this case the marketer. as for the form of stimulus from marketers that can be used as information material by consumers, namely in the form of information related to products that have been determined by marketers as a series of product marketing strategy activities in the form of a marketing mix. from the information obtained, consumers know which brand of product can meet their needs and then it will be determined as the brand of choice to buy (engel et al., 1995). 2. methods 2.1 location determination method the research location is in pelem village, pare district, kediri regency. determining the location of this research was done purposively with the consideration that pare district 45 jurnal pertanian agribisnis issn: 2302-9625 (print) 2828-6316 (online) bahrul alam-analysis of marketing mix factors affecting the purchase decision of hybrid corn seeds bisi-2 (case study in pelem village, pare district, kediri regency) is a center for corn production in kediri regency. this research is a descriptive research that captures phenomena that occur in society so that it is possible for the writer who is also domiciled in the research area to know the situation and conditions of the research area as a whole. while the time of implementation of the research was carried out in february march 2009. 2.2 method of collecting data the data used in this study are primary and secondary data. primary data collection obtained from research respondents related to the discussion of this study. primary data can be obtained from: interviews, observations, documentation. secondary data collection was carried out with the aim of obtaining data that is related to the problems encountered in this study and has been further processed and presented by certain parties where the data is obtained from references, reports and literature related to the object of research. this data was obtained from reports from the central bureau of statistics, ministry of agriculture, ditjen bptp, literature studies, as well as annual reports from the research area villages. 2.3 population and sample determination methods the population in this study were all farmers in pelem village, pare district, kediri regency who used bisi-2 hybrid corn seeds in corn farming. thus, the population in this study is not fixed or the number varies. because of this population, the sample in this study was determined by probability sampling with simple random sampling method. 2.4 validity test and reliability test in this validity test using internal validity, where an instrument has internal validity if there is a match between the parts of the instrument with the instrument as a whole. the instrument attributes tested were brand, packaging variety, resistance to pests and diseases, resistance to seasonal changes, stem strength, productivity, expiration date, moisture content, crop yield, yield, price level, price variation, discount, sales location, product availability. , the convenience of buying places, the number of sellers, advertisements, door prices, and sales promotions conducted by 105 respondents who consume or use bisi-2 hybrid corn seeds. this validity test uses item analysis which is done by correlating the score on the item with the total score of the item. if the item scores have a significant positive correlation, means that these items can be used as indicators to measure these variables. in this study using the spss program to calculate it. in this study using the method of internal reliability approach. internal reliability test is obtained by analyzing data from more than one test. to measure social phenomena such as attitudes, opinions and perceptions, consistent measurements are rather difficult to achieve, so the alpha cronbach formula is used. 2.5 data analysis method data analysis used in this study was descriptive analysis, quantitative analysis, spearman rank correlation analysis, logit model regression analysis, g test, "log likelihood" test, goodness of fit (r2), significance test for each parameter. 3. results and discussion 3.1 bisi-2 hybrid corn seed marketing mix the marketing mix of bisi-2 hybrid corn seed company produced by pt bisi international tbk consists of product mix, price mix, distribution mix or marketing channel, and promotion mix. the entire marketing mix is expected to be a stimulus that can shape consumer buying behavior. but previously the stimulus can be used to identify consumer 46 ❒ issn : 2302-9625 (print) 2828-6316 (online) agripreneur, vol. 11, no. 2 december 2022: pp 43-52 wants and needs for a product. the marketing mix of bisi-2 hybrid corn seeds is described as follows: a. product mix products are objects that are sought after and needed by society as consumers where products have accompanying characteristics so that they have value to be offered to buyers. these characteristics include brand, variety of packaging, level of tolerance to pests and diseases, level of tolerance to changes in weather and season, stem strength, productivity, seed expiration, moisture content, degree of seed maturity on cobs, and yield. b. price mix the amount of money that must be paid to obtain bisi-2 hybrid corn seeds is often a problem for some consumers. the price level given by the company can be considered cheap but also considered expensive, this is adjusted by the ability of each consumer but for the company the price strategy has been set at rp. 31,000, -/kg for 1 kg packaging, while for 5 kg packaging, the price is rp. 30.000,-/kg. for 20 kg packaging priced at rp. 29.500,-/kg. with these price variations, it is expected that they will be in accordance with the capabilities of consumers. the company also provides discounts for purchases of certain volumes, price variations are also given according to the weight and land needs of consumers. the form of discount given by the company besides being in the form of a discount is also in the form of merchandise, namely t-shirts. c. distribution mix distribution by pt. bisi international goes through several stages before finally reaching the farmers as end consumers or users, namely farmers. the bisi-2 hybrid corn seed distribution channel starts from the company to the distributor, then the distributor distributes it to the dealer with a smaller volume compared to the distributor. from dealers, it is then distributed to retailers which are divided into retailers 1, 2 and 3 depending on the volume of purchases. retailer 1 usually has the capacity to purchase dealers and sell to farmers in larger quantities than retailers 2 and 3 because retailers 2 and 3 are retailers that have a smaller sales capacity than retailer 1, these activities support the availability of seeds in a certain area that have the potential for corn crops. the description above explains how the distribution process of bisi-2 hybrid corn seed products reaches the end consumers, namely farmers. meanwhile, retailers who are the final liaison between the company's products and the end consumers are the right partners for companies to work together to distribute goods such as bisi-2 hybrid corn seed products. d. promotion mix promotional activities that have been carried out by pt. bisi international tbk. for bisi-2 hybrid corn seed products including activities for farmers. activities for farmers include: advertising: leaflets, billboards; door price; direct sales promotion consists of: product demonstration (demplot), ffd (farm field day), fm (farmer meeting). 3.2 validity and reliability test a. validity test the results of testing the validity of the marketing mix instrument on consumer decisions in buying back bisi-2 hybrid corn seeds or not for the next corn planting season. the test results are presented in the tables below: table 1. product factor instrument validity test results markcorrelation information brand 0.562** valid 47 jurnal pertanian agribisnis issn: 2302-9625 (print) 2828-6316 (online) bahrul alam-analysis of marketing mix factors affecting the purchase decision of hybrid corn seeds bisi-2 (case study in pelem village, pare district, kediri regency) packaging variations 0.532** valid tolerant to hpt 0.707** valid season tolerance 0.664** valid stem strength 0.549** valid productivity 0.688** valid expired 0.351** valid water content 0.367** valid muput 0.338** valid yield 0.496** valid note :** > 0.199 (α:0.05) source: processed from primary data, 2009 the magnitude of the correlation value of each indicator is all greater than the r-table, namely 0.199 so that it can be concluded that the constituent indicators can collect data appropriately and in accordance with the variables studied. the results of the validity test on the price factor in this study are presented in table 2 below. based on the table of the results of the validity test of the price factor instrument above, it shows that all the indicator instruments making up the price factor are valid. this is shown from the large correlation value of each constituent indicator, all of which are greater than the r-table, namely 0.199 so that it can be said that the constituent indicators can collect data correctly and in accordance with the variables studied. table 2. price factor instrument validity test results indicator correlation value information price level 0.734** valid discount 0.729** valid price variation 0.805** valid note :** > 0.199 (α:0.05) source: processed from primary data, 2009 the results of the validity test on the distribution factors in this study are presented in table 3 below. the table shows all the indicators that make up the valid factor distribution. this can be seen from the large correlation values of each indicator, all of which are greater than the r-table, namely 0.199 so that it can be said that the constituent indicators can collect data correctly and in accordance with the variables studied. table 3. results of instrument validity test distribution factors indicator correlation value information product availability 0.689** valid sales locations 0.820** valid lots of retails 0.879** valid comfort place 0.846** valid note :** > 0.199 (α:0.05) source: processed from primary data, 2009 the results of the validity test for promotion factors in this study are presented in table 4 below. based on the results of the validity test table for the promotion factor instrument below, it shows that all the indicator instruments making up the promotion factor are valid. 48 ❒ issn : 2302-9625 (print) 2828-6316 (online) agripreneur, vol. 11, no. 2 december 2022: pp 43-52 this is shown by the large correlation value of each indicator which is all greater than 0.199 so that it can be said that the constituent indicators can collect data correctly and in accordance with the variables studied. table 4. results of promotional factor instrument validity test indicator correlation value information advertisement 0.841** valid door price 0.632** valid sales promotion 0.820** valid note :** > 0.199 (α:0.05) source: processed from primary data, 2009 b. reliability test the instrument can be said to be reliable if it has a chronbach alpha value greater than 0.5. the results of the reliability analysis of the research instrument are shown in table 16 below. from the table it can be seen that all the indicators that make up the reliable variable where the chronbach alpha value is greater than 0.5 so that if the questions on the instrument are tried on the same group will give relatively the same results. table 5. instrument reliability test results indicator correlation value information product 0.6931** reliable price 0.6214** reliable distribution 0.8215** reliable promotion 0.6554** reliable note :** > 0.199 (α:0.05) source: processed from primary data, 2009 all marketing mix factors consisting of product factors, price factors, distribution factors, and promotion factors are reliable. the results of the instrument reliability test calculation for the product factor (x1) show a number of 0.6931, this figure is greater than 0.6 (0.6931 > 0.5) so that it can be interpreted that the price factor instrument can be trusted and relied upon. for the calculation results of the instrument reliability test for the price factor (x2) shows a number of 0.6214, this figure is greater than 0.6 (0.6214 > 0.6) so that it can be interpreted that the price factor instrument can be trusted and relied upon. the calculation of the instrument reliability test for the distribution factor (x3) shows the number 0.8215, this figure is greater than 0.6 (0.8215 > 0. 6) so that it can be interpreted that the distribution factor instrument can be trusted and relied upon. for the last calculation, the instrument reliability test calculation for the promotion factor (x4) shows a number of 0.6554, this figure is greater than 0.6 (0.8215 > 0.6) so that it can be interpreted that the promotion factor instrument can be trusted and dependable. calculation results for the reliability test can be seen in the appendix. based on this description, it can be concluded that the questionnaire used in this study with regard to research variables is consistent in measuring the same symptoms. this figure is greater than 0.6 (0.8215 > 0.6) so that it can be interpreted that the promotion factor instrument can be trusted and relied upon. calculation results for the reliability test can be seen in the appendix. based on this description, it can be concluded that the questionnaire used in this study with regard to research variables is consistent in measuring the same symptoms. this figure is greater than 0.6 (0.8215 > 0.6) so 49 jurnal pertanian agribisnis issn: 2302-9625 (print) 2828-6316 (online) bahrul alam-analysis of marketing mix factors affecting the purchase decision of hybrid corn seeds bisi-2 (case study in pelem village, pare district, kediri regency) that it can be interpreted that the promotion factor instrument can be trusted and relied upon. calculation results for the reliability test can be seen in the appendix. based on this description, it can be concluded that the questionnaire used in this study with regard to research variables is consistent in measuring the same symptoms. 3.3 description analysis the frequency distribution of the respondents' answers based on the distributed questionnaires can be determined by descriptive analysis, namely to see the marketing mix variables consisting of factors: product (x1), price (x2), distribution (x3), and promotion (x4). the results of the frequency distribution of the 105 respondents who were used as the sample for this study can be seen in full in appendix 11. the following is a descriptive explanation of the questionnaire items from the research variables based on the respondents' answers. table 6. product factor frequency distribution (x1) items strongly disagree (1) disagree (2) neutral agree agree (5) ∑ f % f % f % f % f % x1.1 1 1 2 2 84 80 18 17 105 x1.2 1 1 3 3 91 87 10 9,5 105 x1.3 6 5,7 4 4 87 83 8 7,6 105 x1.4 26 24,8 10 10 66 63 3 2,9 105 x1.5 1 1 70 67 34 32 105 x1.6 3 2,9 3 3 81 77 18 17 105 x1.7 21 20 54 51 30 29 105 x1.8 10 10 92 88 3 2,9 105 x1.9 4 4 97 92 4 3,8 105 x1.10 1 1 89 85 15 14 105 source: processed from primary data, 2009 the table above shows that most of the respondent farmers answered agree and strongly agree on all the questions except for expired question items, the farmers answered neutrally. the respondent farmers are not really concerned about the expiration date because every time they buy bisi-2 hybrid corn seeds they always adjust it first to the needs of the land so that leftovers do not occur, even if it does not exceed 50 grams. the price factor examined in this study has question items making up attributes including price levels, discounts, and price variations. the results of the recapitulation collected from the questionnaires given to the respondent farmers can be seen in table 7 below: table 7. frequency distribution of factor prices (x2) items strongly disagree (1) disagree (2) neutral agree agree (5) ∑ f % f % f % f % f % x2.1 4 3,8 42 40 55 52 4 3,8 105 x2.2 20 19 76 72 9 9 105 50 ❒ issn : 2302-9625 (print) 2828-6316 (online) agripreneur, vol. 11, no. 2 december 2022: pp 43-52 x2.3 17 16,2 64 61 24 23 105 source: processed from primary data, 2009 most of the respondent farmers answered neutrally to every question item except price. there is an average of 61 respondent farmers who answered neutrally to each of these questions. for the price question, more than 50 respondent farmers agreed with the question items given, this is because the respondent farmers feel that the price of bisi-2 hybrid corn seeds really suits their abilities. the distribution factors examined in this study have question items making up attributes including product availability, sales locations, many retailers, and convenience of place. the following is a presentation of the recapitulation of the results of the respondent farmers' answers as outlined in table 8. table 8. distribution of factor frequency distribution (x3) items strongly disagree (1) disagree (2) neutral agree agree (5) ∑ f % f % f % f % f % x3.1 4 4 90 86 11 11 105 x3.2 2 1,9 5 5 90 86 8 7,6 105 x3.3 2 1,9 5 5 92 88 6 5,7 105 x3.4 3 2,9 9 9 83 79 10 9,5 105 source: processed from primary data, 2009 on average, nearly 89 farmer respondents responded in agreement to the questions that had been given. this value indicates that the respondent farmers really consider the elements of availability, location, number of retailers and friendliness in buying bisi-2 hybrid corn seeds. promotional factors which are research attributes in this study have constituent items including advertising, door prices, and sales promotions. the recapitulation results collected from the respondent's questionnaire about promotion variables can be seen in table 9 below: table 9. frequency distribution of promotion factors (x4) items strongly disagree (1) disagree (2) neutral agree agree (5) ∑ f % f % f % f % f % x4.1 13 12,4 34 32,4 57 54,3 1 1.0 105 x4.2 32 30.5 62 59.0 11 10.5 105 x4.3 14 13,3 42 40.0 49 46,7 105 source: processed from primary data, 2009 of the 105 respondent farmers, an average of 46 respondent farmers answered neutral, an average of 39 respondent farmers agreed, and an average of 20 respondent farmers answered disagree for each question item. this situation was caused by the respondent farmers expressing different opinions. respondent farmers who answered neutrally argued that they did not know at all about the promotional mix activities formulated by the company, while their decision to keep buying bisi-2 hybrid corn seeds was due to references from 51 jurnal pertanian agribisnis issn: 2302-9625 (print) 2828-6316 (online) bahrul alam-analysis of marketing mix factors affecting the purchase decision of hybrid corn seeds bisi-2 (case study in pelem village, pare district, kediri regency) their family, friends or neighbors. while the respondent farmers who agreed agreed that the promotional mix activities formulated by the company influenced them in purchasing decisions for bisi-2 hybrid corn seeds. respondent farmers who answered disagree were two groups with different reasons. the first group believes that the promotion mix activities formulated by the company are less attractive, so they have not been able to influence them to buy bisi-2 hybrid corn seeds. for the second group, the content of the promotional message has not been able to hit their minds. 4. conclusion marketing mix factors influencing farmers' decision making whether or not to buy back bisi-2 hybrid corn seeds in the next maize planting season are worthy of analysis and discussion. in this case the marketing mix factor variables that influence farmers' decision making are product factors (x1), price factors (x2), distribution factors (x3), and promotion factors (x4). of the four marketing mix factors used as variables in this study, it is the product factor that has the greatest influence because it has the highest wald value. meanwhile, the marketing mix factor that has the greatest influence on consumers (farmers) buying back bisi-2 hybrid corn seed products for the next corn planting season is the price factor as seen from the calculation of the probability of an event. references alma. 1998. manajemen pemasaran dan pemasaran jasa. alfabeta. bandung. amirullah. 2002. perilaku konsumen. graha ilmu. yogyakarta. anonymous. 2007. katalog produk bisi 2 (online) juni extra ed. web link to gopher archives (http://www.indocommercial.com.html) (verified, 20 jun 2007). ansanta, rizky. 2007. dari jagung-padi hibrida, bisi ingin bersaing di pasar global (online) januari extra ed. web link to gopher archives (http://www.jawapos.com.html) (verified, 18 jan 2007). arikunto, s. 1996. prosedur penelitian suatu pendekatan praktek; edisi kelima. riheka cipta, jakarta. assael, henry. 1992. customer behavior and marketing action thirth edition. kent publishing company. boston bovee, c l, m. j. houston, and j.v. thill. 1995. marketing, second edition. mc graw hill inc. new york. engel, j.f., blackwell, r.d., minirad, p.w. 1995. perilaku konsumen; edisi keenam, jilid i, terjemahan: f.x. bahasa: hendra teguh. pt. prenhallindo. jakarta. kotler, p., gary amstrong. 1997. principles of marketing; jilid ii, alih bahasa: alex sinoro. pt. prehallindo. jakarta. malhotra, naresh k. 2002. basic marketing research aplications to contemporary issues. prentice hall international, inc. new jersey maria, gregorius ade. pengaruh bauran pemasaran terhadap frekuensi berkunjung ke wisata kusuma agro. m.p. tesis. universitas brawijaya. malang. nakhrowi, n.d dan usman, h. 2002. penggunaan teknik ekonometri. pt. raja grafindo persada. jakarta. sugiyono. 2001. metodologi penelitian bisnis. alfabeta. bandung. suhartono. 2008. ketua gapoktan desa pelem kecamatan pare kabupaten kediri. interview. suliyanto,2005. analisis data dalam aplikasi pemasaran. ghalia indonesia. bogor. shinta, a. 2003. buku ajar; manajemen pemasaran. universitas brawijaya. malang. siegel, sidney. 1998. statistik non parametrik untuk ilmu-ilmu sosial. pt gramedia, jakarta. singarimbun, masri. 1989. metode penelitian survai; edisi revisi. pt. pustaka lp3es. jakarta. stanton, w.j., 1996. prinsip pemasaran. alih bahasa: yohanes lamarto, jilid i, edisi ketujuh. erlangga. jakarta. budiyanto. binarupa aksara. jakarta. hasan, i. 2002. pokok-pokok materi penelitian dan aplikasinya. ghalia indonesia. jakarta. hawkins, d.i., r.j. best, and k.a. coney. 1992. consumer behavior: implications for marketing strategy, 5th ed. richard d. irwin, inc. homewood, ii. 52 ❒ issn : 2302-9625 (print) 2828-6316 (online) agripreneur, vol. 11, no. 2 december 2022: pp 43-52 indra, m.r.. 2007. produksi jagung bakal meningkat. artikel. www.tempo.com. (tanggal akses, 18 januari 2007). kurniawati. 2008. sikap petani dan retailer terhadap bauran pemasaran benih jagung hibrida dekalb dk979. skripsi. fakultas pertanian. unibraw. malang. kotler, p.. 1997. manajemen pemasaran: analisis, perencanaan, omplementasi, dan pengendalian; jilid i, alih agripreneur, 11 (1) (2022) pp. 01-11 journal homepage: www.iocscience.org/ejournal/index.php/agripreneur published by: iocscience agripreneur : jurnal pertanian agribisnis journal homepage: www.iocscience.org/ejournal/index.php/agripreneur journal homepage: www.iocscience.org/ejournal/index.php/agripreneur economic analysis of organic ginger farming in longleng district: a case study pongo, yongnyah, yongam and bhumnyu village chubakumzuk jamir assistant professor, department of economics, yingli college, longleng, nagaland, india email: ckumzuk7@gmail.com abstract ginger (zingiber officinale rosc.) is an herbaceous perennial crop usually grown as an annual for its rhizome. it is a valuable cash crop does not only serve as integral medium for food security, but also as a source of income generation, and employer of labour in the producing areas of longleng. lack of finance, inadequate farm inputs, storage facilities and high cost of labour are identified as the primary constraints to organic ginger production in the region. research survey of farmers producing organic ginger was conducted in 2022 in pongo, yongnyah, yonyam and bhumnyu villages. total of thirty (30) organic ginger producers were selected using random sampling methods from each of the four villages with a total sample size of one hundred twenty (120). the results revealed that the organic ginger production was profitable on cash cost basis (bcr 1.75). seed have major cost share for ginger production (65.1%). the estimated coefficients of cobb douglas production function showed that seed, labour and number of years for crop rotation were the significant factors for organic ginger production. the study concluded that ginger production can be made viable enterprise with increased focus on conducive environment and investment climate by subsidising farm inputs and providing affordable loans to the smallholder farmers for a sustainable production. the study pointed out that the organic ginger farming could be a highly beneficial and market-oriented activity in longleng. it also points out the problems faced by the organic ginger farmers and finally suggests policy implication. keywords: economic analysis, production factor, and profitability 1. introduction longleng is characterised by a rich diversity of landscapes, natural vegetation, land use patterns, climate conditions and socio-economic settings (jamir, 2021a; jamir, 2021b; jamir, 2019a; singh & dhillon, 2015). over the past 50 years, longleng has undergone considerable changes in land use system, area cover, including deforestation, arable land change, rapid urban expansion and agri-infra development (jamir, 2020b; jamir, 2022; jamir & ezung, 2020c; jamir, 2021d; jamir, 2021e; ezung & jamir 2018). as per 2011 census report 84.90% of longleng population lives in rural sector and with relatively high poverty rates, making one of the largest population living below the world bank's $1.90-a-day poverty line in nagaland (jamir & ezung 2017a; jamir & ezung, 2017b; jamir, 2020a; jamir, 2021c; jamir, 2019b). the region has seen a major increase in agricultural productivity over the past few decades. however, there are still significant yield disparities of food and non-food crops in the region. the existence of the productivity gap can be highlighted by many confounding determinants, such as the dominance of subsistence agriculture, low access to chemical inputs, technological improvements, management techniques and lack of irrigation. as the united nation (un) agenda sets 2030 as the target year to make significant improvements in achieving the sustainable development goals (sdgs). although the state government plans and policies have made the agricultural sector a priority over the years, however the growth rate of the agricultural sector is still slowing down. the production and productivity is low compare to most other districts. organic ginger (zingiber officinale rosc.) is an important crop grown for its aromatic rhizome and used both as a spice and as medicine purpose (egbuchua & enujeke, 2013; neerja & korla 2010; nmor, 2013; parthasarathy et al. 2008). organic ginger is grown in 2  issn 2302-9625 (print) agripreneur, vol. 11, no. 1 june 2022: pp 01-11 almost every village (rai & anitha, 1999). besides improved varieties like nadia, chinese, varada, etc., some local varieties still exist in the region (acharya et al. 2019; smith, et al. 2011; stirling et al. 2009). freshly harvested organic ginger is mainly used for consumption as green ginger throughout the region, with only a small surplus being sold in the market, often at very low prices compare to other districts. sometimes, due to marketing problems, farmers are unable to sell their produce because there is no local market large enough to absorb and process green organic ginger in large quantities due to its abundance in the region, it is possible to prepare a variety of products that are in high demand overseas, such as ginger oil, ginger oleoresin, ginger powder, ginger candy, ginger liquor, wine beer and soft drinks for export in other states (karthick et al. 2015; white, 2007; timsina, 2010; singletary, 2010; rahman, et al. 2007; poudel, et al. 2016). the traditional organic ginger farming systems in pongo, yongnyah, yongam and bhumnyu are jhum systems or shifting cultivation. before growing organic ginger, weeds and re-growing bushes are manually cut and left on the ground as mulch or burned in situ. the soil is then plowed using manpower (borthakur, 1992; babu, et al. 2015; bhat, et al. 2012; kumar et al. 2012). organic ginger is grown on mountain slopes, at altitudes of 1,066 m, with or without terraces, as well as on plains, outdoors or in the shade of bamboo grass and other forest trees. the size of the land varies, from small plots of 200 m² to 0.3 hectare. organic ginger growers consider that growing on the same land/plot every year can't yield much ginger. in the jhum region, organic ginger is grown without much tilling, i.e., just scraping the soil to make holes and planting rhizomes in it. farm yard organic manure is used before ploughing the area. before planting, the stored seed rhizomes should be sorted, choosing large, glossy rhizomes without spots or marks, buds or eye wounds for planting. depending on elevation and precipitation, planting is starts from february to april. the rhizomes are planted in 2-3 rows in beds and filled with soil. the normal distance between the rhizomes is maintained at an average 15-20 cm. during planting seed rhizomes are broken into pieces to ensure each piece has 2-4 sprouts. the study areas often intercrop with yams, paddy, tapioca, pumpkin, cucumber, sweet potato, pigeon peas, kidney beans, green peppers and other vegetables with organic ginger (jaswal et al. 1993; rymba et al. 2021; veeresh, 1999). when organic ginger is usually intercropped with other crops, the spacing between rows is usually kept wide (60-90 cm). heavy rainfall from june to september promotes strong weed growth. after a month, the beds are weeded and disposed off. the beds are immediately covered with an 8-10 cm thick layer of mulch made up of rotten forest mulch, straw, grass, and other plant remnants. mulching protects seedlings from rain, suppresses weed growth, keeps soil soft and moist, and speeds growth. farmers thought that mulching would increase germination; reduce weed growth and soft rot (rahman et al. 2009; rajan, 1999). at the end of may or june, i.e., when the organic ginger crop reaches 60 days, farmers cut off the parent rhizomes, leaving the germinated rhizomes in the soil. organic ginger reaches maturity in 8 to 9 months, consequently peak harvest starts from november and lasts until january. harvest is done according to market demand condition, but some farmers do not harvest the whole crop but leave a portion in situ purpose till february-march. the soft rhizome, known as green ginger, is harvested in a month that is before the rhizome reaches fibrous maturity and is used as a pickle or for household purposes (rai & hossain, 1998). in jhum system, the ratio of ginger to other crops is usually 1/10th hectare and the reported yield 3 jurnal pertanian agribisnis issn 2302-9625 (print)  chubakumzuk jamir economic analysis of organic ginger farming in longleng district: a case study pongo, yongnyah, yongam and bhumnyu village is 1 ton. the crop rotation cycle varies from 2 years but is strongly influenced by the size of the land area and the market price of organic ginger. rice, yams, maize, tapioca, pumpkin, mustard, xanthoxylum, cucumber, pigeon peas, kidney beans and green peppers are grown in rotation. however, only few farmers grow ginger on continuous acreage due to scarcity of land. table 1. area, production and productivity of ginger in nagaland year area production productivity 2009-10 2800 32000 11.43 2010-11 2300 33000 14.35 2011-12 2800 32000 11.43 2012-13 2700 40000 14.81 2013-14 3520 52800 15.00 2014-15 3661 54423 14.87 2015-16 4819 48076 9.98 2016-17 4862 43605 8.97 2017-18 4811 36483 7.58 2018-19 4749 35630 7.50 mean (x̄) 3702.2 40801.7 11.59 standard deviation (σ) 1030.15 8512.21 3.03 growth rate (%) 0.043 0.035 0.03 source: statistical handbook of nagaland, 2010-2019 table 2. area, production and productivity of ginger in longleng year area production productivity 2009-10 200 2000 10.00 2010-11 100 1000 10.00 2011-12 200 2000 10.00 2012-13 200 3000 15.00 2013-14 269 4178 15.53 2014-15 271 4219 15.57 2015-16 284 4388 15.45 2016-17 295 4388 14.87 2017-18 275 3450 12.55 2018-19 275 3390 12.33 mean (x̄) 236.9 3201.3 13.13 standard deviation (σ) 61.02 1186.78 2.44 growth rate (%) 0.10 0.13 0.04 source: statistical handbook of nagaland, 2010-2019 2. methods 2.1 study area research survey of farmers producing organic ginger was conducted in 2022 in four sample villages of longleng. the study was conducted in pongo, yongnyah, yonyam and bhumnyu. the research sites were selected based on feasibility, degree of commercialization and accessibility. a well structured questionnaire was used for data collection. 2.2 sample and sampling technique thirty (30) organic ginger producers were selected using random sampling methods from each of the four village with a total sample size of (one hundred twenty) 120. the data collected is related to area, production, productivity, input costs and product prices. 2.3 research analysis 4  issn 2302-9625 (print) agripreneur, vol. 11, no. 1 june 2022: pp 01-11 economic analysis was performed using benefit-cost ratio (bcr), net present value (nvp), and internal rate of return (irr). initially, setup costs are high, followed by annual profits that are non-linear throughout the life of the plant (nkang et al., 2007). a. gross margin the gross margin provides simple and quick method of farm business analysis. gross margin was estimated by taking gross return and the total variable cost incurred. where: gm = [(𝑃𝑦 ∗ 𝑌) + (𝑃𝑧 ∗ 𝑍)] − ∑ (𝑝𝑥𝑖 ∗ 𝑋𝑖)𝑛𝑖=0 (1) gm = gross margin, py = price of main product, y = quantity of main product or output, pz = price of byproduct, z = quantity of byproduct, pxi = price of i th input xi = quantity of i th input b. measurement of cost-benefit using benefit-cost ratio method mathematical expression for bcr: bcr = discount benefit discounted cost (2) total cost of production and gross return from broom grass cultivation were used to analyze the benefit-cost ratio (gitting, 1984). therefore, the bcr ratio was calculated using the following formula: bcr = gross return/total cost where, gross return was calculated from the income of sold product. the total cost of production was calculated by summing the variable cost and fixed cost items incurred in the production process. cost = expenses incurred for agronomic operation in terms of labour, tools and raw material costs. c. return to scale using cobb-douglas production function model cobb-douglas production function : y=alβkα (3) y=total production (the real value of all goods produced in a year) l=labour inputs, k=capital inputs, a=total factor productivity α and β are the output elasticity of capital and labour (cobb & douglas, 1928). 3. results and discussion on an average, 0.082 hectare of land was devoted to organic ginger cultivation in the study areas. most of the inputs such as labour cost, seeds and organic manure were provided by the farmers themselves. self-labour, seed use and organic manure supply were 87.70%, 54.06% and 99.65%, respectively (see table 3). organic ginger from pongo, yongnyah, yongam, and bhumnyu was cultivated primarily with yams, xanthoxylum, tapioca, squash, cucumbers, bringials, pigeon pea, common beans, green peppers, and other vegetables i.e., 98.43% (lyocks et al. 2013). studies found that intercropping with maize and vegetables 5 jurnal pertanian agribisnis issn 2302-9625 (print)  chubakumzuk jamir economic analysis of organic ginger farming in longleng district: a case study pongo, yongnyah, yongam and bhumnyu village provide good source of income generation, rise in productivity, food security and sustainable environment to the farmers in short periods. the results of the present studies are similar to those reported by (sanwal et al. 2006) who recorded a intercropping of ginger and other vegetable. crop rotation of organic ginger is very important and it is not recommended to grow organic ginger on the same land/area every year (smith et al. 2011; stirling, 1998). in the study area, the average number of crop rotations was 2 years. sowing continued from march to may. within the month of april 82.48% farmers completed sowing rhizomes indicated that main season for planting in mid hill was april (basnet & gurung (2018). respondent farmers reported different species of tree leaves using as mulching material. the most common tree species were ficus semicordata (drooping fig), castanopsis indica (chestnut), duabanga grandiflora (duabanga), engelhardtia spicata (mauwa), juglans regia (walnut), gmelina arborea (garami), quercus semiserrata (oak). table 3. organic ginger cultivation practices of the sample farmers particulars study area pongo yongnyah yongam bhumnyu all area average organic ginger areas (ha) 0.09 0.12 0.05 0.07 0.082 own land use (%) 94.31 96.56 98.40 98.00 96.82 own labour use (%) 90.24 82.30 85.91 92.33 87.70 own seed use (%) 55.97 48.63 60.22 51.44 54.06 own manure use (%) 99.60 99.41 99.58 100 99.65 organic manure used 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 intercropped with yam, maize, pumpkin, cucumber, brinjal, pigeon pea, kidney bean, tapioca, green chillies and other vegetables 98.24 99.49 97.66 98.34 98.43 crop rotation (years) 2.50 2.10 2.00 2.20 2.20 month of sowing season (%) march 7.00 4.00 6.00 6.00 6.41 april 87.00 90.00 82.00 85.00 82.48 may 6.00 12.00 16.00 15.00 11.10 source: field survey report, 2022 table 4. level of input use per hectare for organic ginger cultivation type of input study area pongo yongnyah yongam bhumnyu all area labour (working days/ha) 275 293 262 260 272 own labour used 257 273 246 238 253(93.01) hired of labour 18.00 20.00 16.00 22.00 19(6.99) t-value 4.541*** 5.381*** 3.695*** 5.918*** 4.866*** land preparation cost (₹/ha) 10739 15211 13678 8510 12034.5 seed (kg/ha) 4483 6929 5327 3671 5102.5 own 2893 3569 3894 3030 3346.5(65.58) purchased from government 1890 2460 1033 1641 1756 organic manures (kg/ha) 7270 10567 8935 5428 8000 own 7270 10567 8935 5428 8000 purchased ----- source: field survey report, 2022 figure in the parentheses indicate the percentage *** indicates the values at 0.01 level of significance 6  issn 2302-9625 (print) agripreneur, vol. 11, no. 1 june 2022: pp 01-11 table 4 shows the input usage patterns. on average, organic ginger farmers spent 272 man-days of human labour per hectare, of which 93.01% was provided by their families. yongnyah farmers used the most man-labour (293 man-days/ha) compared to average use (253 man-days /ha). the t-tests for self-employed and wage labour showed significant differences in all areas of the survey. on an average of 5102.5 kg of seeds were used per hectare, which is above the recommended value. at the time of harvest, farmers prefer to sell their mother rhizomes at a higher price for early harvest, as they get lower price of organic ginger in the market. similar findings were made by monnaf et al. (2010). the study found that the farmers used more than 65.58% of the seeds they needed from their sources. on average, farmers used 8000 kg of organic manure/ha, which was more in yongnyah (10567 kg/ha). the least use of manure was (5428 kg/ha) in bhumnyu. there was no use of chemical fertilizer in the study areas. table 5. cost of organic ginger cultivation by the sample farmers cost items study area pongo yongnyah yongam bhumnyu all area land preparation cost 10739 15211 13678 8510 48138 (8.86) own labour 7670 12899 10870 5722 37161 hired labour 3069 2312 2808 2788 10977 human labour cost: 18237 25675 21450 15326 80688 (14.85) own labour 14380 19072 17521 11827 64200 hired labour 3857 6603 3929 3499 16488 seed 70592 130783 101553 61424 364352 (67.06) own 59985 112000 88580 53100 313665 distribution by government 31107 66983 48973 26624 173687 organic manures: 5605 8130 6821 4210 24766 (4.56) own 5605 8130 6821 4210 24766 purchased ---------- organic insecticides: ---------- interest on hired capital 3270 4821 4000 2860 14951 (2.75) land use cost 2665 3126 2418 2250 10459 (1.92) total cost cash cost basis 13560 24568 5723 9367 53218 full cost basis 181700 318529 251473 156004 907706 source: field survey report, 2022 3.1 cost of production and profitability of organic ginger farming production costs include various variable cost factors such as land preparation, labour, seed, manure, interest on operating costs and land rental value. cash expenditure and imputed value of household supplied inputs were included in the analysis and presented in (table 5). the study shows that the highest cost of seed (rhizome) was found to be (67.06%). the cost for land preparation, labour, organic manure, interest on hired capital and land use cost was 8.86% 14.85%, 67.06%, 4.56%, 2.75% and 1.92% respectively. mulching cost was included in the labour as it is collected from own land or from nearby forest free of cost. cost for labour was higher in yongnyah than the remaining areas. it was due to higher labour use for organic manure application. the use of organic manure in yongnyah was almost double to other village. the average cost of production for cash cost basis in yongnyah was higher (₹/ha 24568) among four sites. 7 jurnal pertanian agribisnis issn 2302-9625 (print)  chubakumzuk jamir economic analysis of organic ginger farming in longleng district: a case study pongo, yongnyah, yongam and bhumnyu village table 6. profitability of organic ginger cultivation items study area pongo yongnyah yongam bhumnyu all area main yield (kg/ha) 12056 16780 7421 9178 11358.75 yield of rhizome (kg/ha) 1194 2491 670 825 1295.00 total yield 13250 19271 8091 10003 12653.75 gross return (₹/ha) 421960 587300 259735 321230 1590225 total cost cash cost basis 13560 24568 5723 9367 53218 full cost basis 181700 318529 251473 156004 907706 benefit-cost ratio (bcr) 2.16 1.84 1.00 1.94 1.75 author calculation using fieldwork data table 6 shows the organic ginger farmers received an average of 11358 kg/ha of total yield. main productivity is found higher in yongnyah. at the study sites, all villages have the practices of collecting mother rhizomes. the average total productivity of organic ginger production is 1590225 ₹/ha. the average cost-benefit ratio is 1.75. the benefit-cost ratio is lowest in yongam due to high labour and other external input costs, and the highest was in pongo village (sharma, 2009; pottangi shah & zala, 2006). 3.2 factors affecting organic ginger production the maximum likelihood estimates for parameter of the cobb douglas production function of organic ginger is presented in table 7. of the five parameters, four are statistically significant and positive. the empirical results show that the coefficients of seed cost, labour cost and intercropping are all positive and significant at 1% level. but crop rotation years were found to be positive and significant at the 5% level. table 7. estimation of cobb-douglas production function of organic ginger cultivation observation coefficients standard error t-value p-value constant -1.107 5.29 -0.741 0.371 seeds 0.502 0.081 9.84 0.000*** organic manures -0.039 0.084 -0.47 0.237 labour cost 0.332 0.132 5.43 0.000*** crop rotation 0.131 0.041 2.16 0.031** capital cost 0.512 0.162 0.94 0.005*** dependent variable: seeds, organic manures, labour cost, crop rotation and capital cost r2= 0.749, *** and ** indicate the significant at 1% and 5% level of probability respectively the regression coefficient for seed cost was 0.502, which depicted that with 100% increase in cost on seed production/output could be increased by 50.2%. similarly with the increase in labour cost by 100% increase in production could be increased by 33.2%. number of years on crop rotation if increased by 100% the production is increased by 13.1%. if capital cost increased by 100% the production is increased by 51.2%. since the coefficients value of seeds, organic manures, labour cost, crop rotation and capital cost is 1.47 it exhibits increasing return to scale and the cobb-douglas production function is statistically significant. thus, the alternative hypothesis which states that production function operates under increasing return to scale is accepted. 8  issn 2302-9625 (print) agripreneur, vol. 11, no. 1 june 2022: pp 01-11 table 8. problems of ginger cultivation particulars study area pongo yongyah yonyam bhumnyu all area poor rural infrastructure 28.60 35.25 18.51 12.88 23.79 lack of technical knowledge and skills 11.67 10.46 8.17 13.62 10.98 problem of pest management 13.35 14.78 12.70 8.54 12.34 marketing problem 43.67 32.19 28.30 30.89 33.76 lack of storage facility 84.56 87.46 82.37 76.25 82.66 lack of proper training by various agency 56.33 52.45 38.19 47.72 48.67 insufficient supply of manure and mulch 32.88 26.11 18.45 23.91 25.33 lack of quality planting materials 23.58 18.47 15.34 20.62 19.50 source: field survey report, 2022 4. conclusions based on the research, it can be concluded that the growth rate of area under cultivation, production and yield of organic ginger is in increasing trend from 2009-10 to 2018-19. the study shows that the organic ginger cultivators are using own resources for farming compared to hired basis. organic ginger cultivation is highly profitable as the benefit-cost ratio (bcr) was found to be 1.75. the average gross return from organic ginger production was found ₹/ha 1590225. the benefit cost ratio was lowest in yongam was due to high charges for labour and other external inputs and the highest was in pongo village. among all the major cost involve in production of organic ginger seed cost is the highest i.e., 67.6%. organic ginger farming in pongo, yongnyah, yongam and bhumnyu was mostly cultivated intercropped with yam, maize, tapioca, pumpkin, cucumber, brinjial, pigeon pea, kidney bean, green chillies and other vegetables (98.43%). the study found that intercropping with maize and vegetables provide good source of income generation, rise in productivity, food security and sustainable environment to the farmers in short periods. the estimated coefficient of factors of production indicated that seed, labour cost, number of years for crop rotation and capital cost has significant positive effects in study areas with 1% and 5% significant level. farmers perceived that quality seed, pest management and technical knowledge are major three bottlenecks for ginger production. the study found that the cost and quality of seed is the major hindrance for ginger farming in study areas thus, apart from all the mention problems organic ginger farming is gaining drive for income, employment generation and improving the livelihood of the farming community in the district. so, the government agencies should come forward and provide proper training and ad rem suggestions to the farmers so as to promote organic cultivation of ginger among farmers so as to enable them to enhance their earning capacity among the farmers. disclosure statement author declare that they do not have any competing financial, professional, or personal interests from other parties conflict of interest: the author declares no competing interests. research funding: the author received no financial support for the research, authorship and/or publication of this research article. 9 jurnal pertanian agribisnis issn 2302-9625 (print)  chubakumzuk jamir economic analysis of organic ginger farming in longleng district: a case study pongo, yongnyah, yongam and bhumnyu village references acharya n., acharya b., dhungana s. m., and bist v., (2019), production economics of ginger (zingiber officinale rose.) in salyan district of nepal. archives of agriculture and environmental science, 4(4), 424– 427 acharya n., acharya b., dhungana s.m., bist v. 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