198 Antecedent of Macroprudential Indicator on BAZNAS Funding Collection Mukhammad Yazid Afandi1, Nafi’ah Firahmatillah1, Ahmed Abdul Malik2 1UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta, 2Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM) Correspondence: yazidafandi99@gmail.com Abstract. This study aims to determine the macroeconomic influence in the collection of ZIS in Indonesia. This research method uses quantitative methods with panel data regression analysis models. The data consisted of 34 provinces during the 9- year study period from 2013-2021. The secondary data used comes from the publication of the annual report of BAZNAS, Regional BAZ, and also other supporting data such as BPS and BAPPENAS. The results show that simultaneously all variables have a significant effect on the collection of ZIS. Meanwhile, partially, both Human Development Index (HDI), Economic Growth, Income Per Capita (IPC), and Provincial Minimum Wage (PMW), have a positive effect on the collection of ZIS funds in BAZNAS 2013-2021. Although macroeconomics has an impact on the collection of ZIS, it is necessary to conduct further research related to community behavior ith a consumer behavior approach, especially the focus on awareness instruments in paying ZIS. Keywords: Macroprudential, Funding, BAZNAS, Panel Introduct io n One of the concrete issues currently being faced by various countries is related to the problem of poverty. The increasing number of poverty in a country requires the government to act immediately1. Because poverty that is left unchecked can increase crime rates and threaten the security of a country. The instrument of Zakat, Infaq, Shadaqah (ZIS) taught by Islam is a bridge indicating the resolution of this problem. The wisdom of paying zakat is based 1 Beik, “Analisis Peran Zakat Dalam Mengurangi Kemiskinan: Studi Kasus Dompet Dhuafa Republika”; Wijaya, Beik, and Sartono, “Pengaruh Kualitas Layanan Perbankan Terhadap Kepuasan Dan Loyalitas Nasabah Bank Syariah XYZ Di Jakarta.” Institut Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN) Curup, Indonesia ISSN 2580-3174, (p); 2580-3190 (e) volume 8, number 1, 2023 | page: 198-215 DOI: http://doi.org/10.29240/ajis.v8i1.6756 Academic Journal of Islamic Studies mailto:yazidafandi99@gmail.com Mukhammad Yazid Afandi: Antecendent of Macroprudential Indicator on Baznaz Funding Collection| 199 on empathy for fellow human beings. Zakat adds a sense of security to the everyday environment and the future that everyone hopes for2. This gives the essence of the importance of the influence of zakat on the economic development of a country. A study by the Center for Strategic Studies of the National Amil Zakat Agency (Puskas BAZNAS) stated that zakat has a quite relevant effect on macroeconomic variables. Thus, zakat can be used as an additional instrument for public authorities to improve economic performance nationally3 The economic decline from the presence of the pandemic was exacerbated by the implementation of Large-Scale Social Restrictions (PSBB) and Social Distancing rules to minimize the spread of Covid-19. The poverty rate in mid-2020 reached 13.22% and MSME losses amounted to Rp1,594 trillion. The effect of changes in economic conditions since the presence of the Covid-19 pandemic is so large that it is able to change business aspects almost completely4. According to the MUI Fatwa Commission, the collected zakat funds can actually be distributed to overcome the effects of Covid-19, as well as in overcoming the problem of poverty. Interestingly, in the midst of a recession after being hit by the COVID-19 pandemic, Indonesia is actually recorded as a country with the highest giving index in the world. This is because empathy as an Eastern nation is still part of the noble values of our ancestors. As a result, despite the economic downturn, both those who feel capable or are in difficulty still help each other to ease the burden. Figure 1. World Giving Index 2021 2 Nasar, Capita Selecta Zakat: Esei-Esei Zakat Aksi Kolektif Melawan Kemiskinan. 3 Baznas, Zakat in Time of Covid-19 Pandemic: Evidence From World Zakat Forum. 4 Boedirochminarni, UMKM “Kreatif” Di Masa Covid-19. 200 | AJIS : Academic Journal of Islamic Studies, vol. 8, no. 1, 2023 Source: Charities Aid Foundation, (2021)5 Pew Research Center’s Global Religious Futures in 2020 recorded Indonesia as the country with the largest number of Muslims in the world, amounting to 229.6 million people or about 87.2% of the total population of Indonesia, and 13% of the world's Muslim population. Ideally, this can be a potential in optimizing the ZIS fundraising. Especially in the momentum of the high giving index trend. The National Amil Zakat Agency has recorded the number of potential and zakat collections recently as follows; Table 1. Potential and Acquired ZIS Fundraising 2013-2020 Year Potential ZIS Fundraising Percentage 2013 IDR 277.000.000.000.000 IDR 481.727.357.234 0,2% 2014 IDR 291.000.000.000.000 IDR 1.858.842.168.844 0,6% 2015 IDR 305.000.000.000.000 IDR 3.650.369.012.964 1,2% 2016 IDR 442.000.000.000.000 IDR 5.017.293.126.950 1,1% 2017 IDR 462.000.000.000.000 IDR 6.224.371.269.471 1,3% 2018 IDR 233.000.000.000.000 IDR 8.117.597.683.267 3,5% 2019 IDR 233.840.000.000.000 IDR 10.227.943.806.555 4,4% 2020 IDR 327.600.000.000.000 IDR 12.273.532.567.866 3,7% Source: Data Processed, (2022) The table above shows the potential and development of ZIS funds collected during the last eight years from 2013 to 2020. As is known, despite experiencing fluctuating levels of fund collection, the level of zakat collection in Indonesia continues to increase every year. However, if you look at the comparison between the potential and the amount of ZIS collected, for example in 2019, the potential for zakat reaches IDR. 461.1 trillion. While the realization, the collected zakat has only reached IDR 10.23 trillion or around 4.4% of the total existing potential. Thus, the collection of zakat in Indonesia has not been able to be assessed optimally when compared to the population, which is predominantly Muslim. In fact, if this can be realized and channeled to the productive economy appropriately, then economic independence can be raised, and the government will be assisted in poverty alleviation. As explained in the research 5 Charities Aid Foundation, “CAF World Giving Index 2021.” Mukhammad Yazid Afandi: Antecendent of Macroprudential Indicator on Baznaz Funding Collection| 201 of previous research, state that the distribution of ZIS has a significant negative effect on the poverty level in Indonesia67. Beik's research also shows that zakat funds are able to minimize poverty from 84% to 74%8. These studies are evidence of the theory of the benefits of ZIS, the greater the level of collection and distribution of ZIS funds, the poverty rate in a country will decrease. The number of factors and the absence of a definite standard that determines the collection of ZIS make this research on Islamic philanthropy interesting to study. Although much of the previous research is still being developed. However, most of these studies are still oriented towards the effect of ZIS on poverty levels or economic growth. Thus, what factors affect the level of ZIS collection still need to be determined empirically, with the hope of being able to provide an overview of the determining variables that can be optimized for the achievement of maximum ZIS fundraising in the future. The research that has been carried out regarding the collection of ZIS funds has been carried out in various timescales, objects, and different variables. However, after being studied, each of these studies yielded different conclusions. One of them is related to the relationship between the level of ZIS collection and the Human Development Index (HDI). HDI is an indicator to measure the achievement of development and the quality of human life in a region or country. HDI measures the extent to which the standard of living has been achieved by the community, in terms of education, decent living needs, health, and so on. Research conducted by Luthfi & Fitria9, Rohman & Afandi10 states that HDI has a significant positive effect on the number of ZIS collections. The ultimate goal of zakat is to provide opportunities for people who receive zakat funds so that they are able to improve their standard of living to be more decent11. According to Beik12, when the quality of human resources 6 Meiliana, “Analisis Pengaruh Upah Minimum Dan Distribusi Dana Zakat, Infaq, Shadaqah Terhadap Jumlah Kemiskinan Di 21 Provinsi Indonesia Tahun 2014-2017.” 7 Dina Islamiyati, “Pengaruh ZIS Dan Faktor Makro Ekonomi Terhadap Tingkat Kemiskinan Di Indonesia.” 8 Beik, “Analisis Peran Zakat Dalam Mengurangi Kemiskinan: Studi Kasus Dompet Dhuafa Republika.” 9 Lutfi and Fitria, “Analisis Pengaruh Zakat, Infaq, Shadaqah (ZIS), Indeks Pembangunan Manusian (IPM), Tingkat Pengangguran Terbuka (TPT) Dan Kemiskinan Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Di Provinsi Sumatera Barat Tahun 2017-2020.” 10 Rohman and Afandi, “Analisis Pengaruh Variabel Makro Dan Mikro Ekonomi Terhadap Penghimpunan Zakat Di Indonesia.” 11 Putri and Mintaroem, “Determinan Islamic Human Development Index (IHDI) Provinsi Jawa Timur Tahun 2001-2016.” 12 Beik, “Analisis Peran Zakat Dalam Mengurangi Kemiskinan: Studi Kasus Dompet Dhuafa Republika.” 202 | AJIS : Academic Journal of Islamic Studies, vol. 8, no. 1, 2023 increases, labor productivity will also increase so that the production of goods and services also increases. Increased production activities accompanied by knowledge and good health levels certainly have added value that will increase community development so that they are able to carry out their obligations to pay zakat. A high HDI value will affect work efficiency, so it has an additional value that can increase income. When income increases, the necessities of life are fulfilled, so that people will be able to pay zakat. The results of this study are in line with the HDI and ZIS collection levels that apply in all provinces in Indonesia, both of which are positively correlated. However, the results of research by Murobbi13 and Susilowati14, actually state that the HDI variable does not affect the level of ZIS collection In addition, the level of zakat collection can also be influenced by the level of community income per individual or referred to as Income Per Capita. Income per capita is the average income of the population per individual in a region. The measurement of income per capita is by dividing the value of GDP to the total population in an area at a certain time. So, income per capita shows the average amount of income received by each individual in a region within a certain period of time. GDP is described by Kairupan15 as one of the guidelines that describe the pace of development and the pace of monetary development which is usually also used to measure the extent to which a region's progress has been effective within a certain period of time and becomes a benchmark for determining future policy directions. Furthermore, in order to increase national income, public authorities need to increase functional activities that can help expand the development of labor and products within a country, increase the purchasing power of individuals, and continue to expand the level of investment and production. Economic growth is a measure of the increase in the production of economic goods and services from one period to another. The level of economic growth as measured by GDP is able to increase the increase in national income through ongoing economic operational activities, both in the form of goods and services produced in a country. If people's income is higher, 13 Murobbi and Usman, “Pengaruh Zakat, Infak Sedekah, Dan Inflasi Terhadap Kemiskinan Di Indonesia.” 14 Susilowati, “Effect of Macroeconomic Indicators against ZIS Payments in the National Amil Zakat Agency (BAZNAS) 2013-2017.” 15 Kairupan, Produk Domestik Regional Bruto (PDRB), Iflasi dan Belanja Daerah Pengarihnya Terhadap Kesempatan Kerja di Sulawesi Utara Tahun 2000-2012. Mukhammad Yazid Afandi: Antecendent of Macroprudential Indicator on Baznaz Funding Collection| 203 the level of expenditure will also be higher and of course, the level of consumption of goods and services will increase. As a result, the increasing demand for these goods and services results in increased productivity and operations, which has an impact on increasing economic growth in Indonesia16. Operational activities that are able to create jobs with a decent level of incentive will increase the ability of muzakki to pay their zakat. Research Rohman & Afandi17 shows a positive influence between economic growth and the level of ZIS collection. In a country, if the level of economic growth increases, the collection of ZIS will also increase. Asnaini18 researched that a person's income level has an influence on him to pay his zakat at the amil zakat institution. When a person has an increasing level of income, the ability to pay zakat will also increase. So in this case, income per capita has a significant positive effect on the level of ZIS implementation, as stated by Susilowati19, Desky20, Pristi & Setiawan21 who also researched its effect on motivation to pay zakat. Nasution22 also said that an increase in a person's income will be more likely to be able to pay zakat through the Amil Zakat Agency. As well as increasing economic growth through operational activities and the creation of new jobs with appropriate incentives so that the effect is able to increase income per capita23. With the higher income, the higher public awareness in paying zakat24. The results of Susilowati25 prove that income per capita has a positive and significant effect on the amount of ZIS collection. The finding is if a person's income increases, 16 Qoyyim and Widuhung, “Analisis Strategi Penyaluran Dana Zakat, Infak, Sedekah (ZIS) Dan Tingkat Inflasi Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Di Indonesia Pada Periode 2015- 2019.” 17 Rohman and Afandi, “Analisis Pengaruh Variabel Makro Dan Mikro Ekonomi Terhadap Penghimpunan Zakat Di Indonesia.” 18 Asnaini, “Minat Muzakki Membayar Zakat Melalui Lembaga (Studi Kasus Di Provinsi Bengkulu).” 19 Susilowati, “Effect of Macroeconomic Indicators against ZIS Payments in the National Amil Zakat Agency (BAZNAS) 2013-2017.” 20 Desky, “Analisis Faktor-Faktor Determinan Pada Motivasi Membayar Zakat.” 21 Pristi and Setiawan, “Analisis Faktor Pendapatan Dan Religiusitas Dalam Mempengaruhi Minat Muzakki Dalam Membayar Zakat Profesi.” 22 Nasution and Nst, “Pemanfaatan Digital Fundraising Dalam Meningkatkan Penghimpunan Zakat Di Masa Pandemi Covid-19 Juliana.” 23 Haidir, “Revitalisasi Pendistribusian Zakat Produktif Sebagai Upaya Pengentasan Kemiskinan Di Era Modern.” 24 Saripudin, “Filantropi Islam Dan Pemberdayaan Ekonomi.” 25 Susilowati, “Effect of Macroeconomic Indicators against ZIS Payments in the National Amil Zakat Agency (BAZNAS) 2013-2017.” 204 | AJIS : Academic Journal of Islamic Studies, vol. 8, no. 1, 2023 he will be more able to pay his ZIS, so that it will increase the level of zakat collection. Furthermore, the Provincial Minimum Wage (PMW) level is also considered to have a positive effect on the collection of ZIS. The implementation of the minimum wage standard aims to fulfill the standard of living needs of the community. Guidelines related to the minimum wage had previously been written in the Minister of Manpower Regulation Number 1 of 1999 with a familiar term known to the public as UMR (Upah Minimum Regional). These guidelines were later updated through the Decree of the Minister of Manpower and Transmigration No. 226 Year 2000 becomes "Provincial Minimum Wage" for Level 1 UMR, and Level 2 UMR becomes "Regency/City Minimum Wage". The lowest wage policy implemented in the law is expected to be able to balance the needs and be able to meet the standards of the community's Decent Living Needs/ Kebutuhan Layak Hidup (KHL). If the needs of KHL are met, then welfare will increase so that workers will be free from the problem of poverty26. In the aspect of Islamic finance, it is also emphasized that the system of providing incentives must be balanced with the work assigned to workers, so that the results of these wages can provide justice and welfare that support their survival. So that workers with a sufficient level of minimum wages tend to have more opportunities to set aside part of their wealth for tithing. Provincial Minimum Wage (PMW) is the lowest monthly salary set annually in a province. The existence of a minimum wage policy is expected to be able to reduce inequality and be able to meet the needs of people's lives. According to Woyanti27, the minimum wage policy aims to maintain the level of Decent Living Needs (KHL). Thus, if the KHL needs are met, the welfare of the community and workers will increase. And aims to encourage people to have more opportunities to set aside their assets to be zakat (become muzakki) in the future, not just as mustahiq (zakat recipients)28. The finding of Rohman & Afandi29 show that there is a positive influence between the PMW and the level of zakat receipts. Because the increase in the PMW will have an impact on the economy as a whole, where when the level of 26 Woyanti, “Pengaruh Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Dan UMP Terhadap Kemiskinan Di Jawa Tenagah Pra Dan Pasca Desentralisasi Fiskal.” 27 Woyanti. 28 Ainulyaqin and Lutin, “Pengaruh Pengeluaran Dana Program Penghimpunan Dana Zakat.” 29 Rohman and Afandi, “Analisis Pengaruh Variabel Makro Dan Mikro Ekonomi Terhadap Penghimpunan Zakat Di Indonesia.” Mukhammad Yazid Afandi: Antecendent of Macroprudential Indicator on Baznaz Funding Collection| 205 incentives received is greater, it is likely to increase people's purchasing power, so that new business units emerge that suppress unemployment and poverty and then encourage people to be able to pay their zakat.. However, according to Luthfi & Fitria30, the minimum wage has no effect on ZIS acceptance in Indonesia. Furthermore, the inconsistency of the results of this study makes researchers interested in re-examining these variables, and trying to develop research using ZIS data collection levels from 2013 to 2020. The form of this research is as a test material for existing research gaps, as well as to find out What are the determinants that can affect the community when considering paying zakat. So it is hoped that in the future, these factors can be optimized so that they are able to alleviate poverty and prosper society both materially and spiritually, as has been explained in Islam. This research is a type of quantitative research31. The population used is in the form of a ZIS Compilation Report on BAZNAS and supporting data from all provinces covering 34 provinces in Indonesia. The sample is in the form of a ZIS Collection Report at BAZNAS, and data for the entire province during the 8- year study period, from 2013 to 2021, with a total sample of 306 samples. Data acquisition by conducting a documentation study. Researchers collected secondary data taken from the Annual Report of the Badan Amil Zakat Nasional (BAZNAS), Regional BAZNAS (BAZDA), Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS), and Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional (BAPPENAS). The type of data used is panel data, which is a combination of time series data and cross section data with an observation period of 9 years (2013-2021). This study uses panel data32 analysis because it has several advantages. First, panel data has a high degree of freedom because the data is a combination of time series data and cross-sectional data. Second, panel data collaborates information from time series and cross-sectional data so as to be able to overcome problems that arise when there is a variable deletion33. The following is the equation of the panel data regression model used in this study: 30 Lutfi and Fitria, “Analisis Pengaruh Zakat, Infaq, Shadaqah (ZIS), Indeks Pembangunan Manusian (IPM), Tingkat Pengangguran Terbuka (TPT) Dan Kemiskinan Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Di Provinsi Sumatera Barat Tahun 2017-2020.” 31 Sekaran, Research Methods For Business (Metode Penelitian Untuk Bisnis). 32 Gujarati, Gujarati: Basic Econometrics, Fourth Edition. 33 Widarjono, Ekonometrika Teori Dan Aplikasi; Ghozali, Aplikasi Analisis Multivariate Dengan Program IBM SPSS 21. 206 | AJIS : Academic Journal of Islamic Studies, vol. 8, no. 1, 2023 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) Information: ZIS = ZIS Collection HDI = Human Development Index GDP = Gross National Product IPC = Income Per Capita PMW = Provincial Minimum Wage Result and Discussion Model Selection Test There are 3 models given in the panel data test, namely: common effects model, fixed effects model, and the random effects model. However, the determination of the model was carried out using the Chow and Hausman tests. The test results are presented as follows: Table 2. Common Effect Model Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic Prob. C -35.78292 4.241753 -8.435880 0.0000 IPM 0.153379 0.025175 6.092438 0.0000 LOG(GDP) 1.079514 0.092221 11.70569 0.0000 LOG(IPC) -0.783425 0.215096 -3.642213 0.0003 LOG(PMW) 2.918894 0.333546 8.751090 0.0000 Table 3. Fixed Effect Model Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic Prob. C -53.73670 10.31097 -5.211606 0.0000 IPM 0.061535 0.212332 0.289806 0.7723 LOG(GDP) 0.608567 3.315493 0.183553 0.8545 LOG(IPC) 1.095924 2.571946 0.426107 0.6705 LOG(PMW) 3.632915 1.004834 3.615437 0.0004 Table 4. Random Effect Model Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic Prob. C -41.77804 4.103042 -10.18221 0.0000 IPM 0.157357 0.045801 3.435712 0.0007 LOG(GDP) 1.134918 0.174008 6.522202 0.0000 LOG(IPC) 0.954548 0.367911 2.594506 0.0101 LOG(PMW) 3.392444 0.340972 9.949332 0.0000 Table 5. Chow Test Effects Test Statistic d.f. Prob. Cross-section F 6.473628 (33,202) 0.0000 Cross-section Chi-square 173.166498 33 0.0000 Mukhammad Yazid Afandi: Antecendent of Macroprudential Indicator on Baznaz Funding Collection| 207 Table 6. Hausman Test Test cross-section random effects Test Summary Chi-Sq. Statistic Chi-Sq. d.f. Prob. Cross-section random 4.928510 4 0.2947 From the calculation of the chow test above, we can see that the chi- square probability value (0.0000) is less than 0.05. This means that the decision taken in the Chow test is to reject H0, so the correct model uses the fixed effects model (FEM). While the Hausman test shows the probability value of the random effect cross section test is 0.2947 (p > 0.05). This means that the decision of the Hausman test is to accept H0. So the random effects (REM) method was chosen. With the selection of the random effect method, this method is the best used in this research test. Multicollinearity Multicollinearity is a condition that indicates a problem with the linearity of the relationship between independent variables. The multicollinearity problem can be tested by looking at the correlation coefficient for each independent variable, the following are the results: Table 7. Multicolinearity Test Variable HDI LOG(GDP) LOG(IPC) LOG(PMW) HDI 1,0000 0,4428 0,5269 0,2944 LOG(GDP) 0,4428 1,0000 0,4942 0,0148 LOG(IPC) 0,5269 0,4942 1,0000 0,4729 LOG(PMW) 0,2944 0,0148 0,4729 1,0000 Based on Table 7, we can see that none of the correlation coefficient values is greater than 80%. The correlation coefficient value of less than 80% indicates that the regression model does not have a multicollinearity problem. Heteroscedasticity The heteroscedasticity test is used to test whether in a regression model there are symptoms of heteroscedasticity. In this test, it is expected that the residuals have a homogeneous variance. The heteroscedasticity hypothesis test can be seen through the Glejser Test. The following are the results of testing the heteroscedasticity assumption. Table 8. Heteroscedasticity Test Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic Prob. C 5.833016 2.502515 2.330862 0.0206 HDI 0.009762 0.021377 0.456651 0.6483 208 | AJIS : Academic Journal of Islamic Studies, vol. 8, no. 1, 2023 LOG(GDP) -0.103671 0.079696 -1.300823 0.1946 LOG(IPC) -0.206805 0.175179 -1.180531 0.2390 LOG(PMW) -0.141095 0.201682 -0.699591 0.4849 From Table 8, we can see that there is not a single independent variable whose probability value is <0.05, so it can be concluded that the regression model does not have symptoms of heteroscedasticity. Autocorrelation The autocorrelation test is the association that occurs between the residuals of one observation and another observation in the regression model. Autocorrelation can be known through Breusch-Godfrey test, in which if prob value < 0 > 0.05, no autocorrelation occurs is a test used to check the presence or absence face of serial correlation in a regression model or to know if it is present in the model. Table 9. Autocorrelation Test Breusch-Godfrey Serial Correlation LM Test F-statistics Obs*R-squared 0,434376 0,950394 Prob. F(2.11) Prob. Chi-Square(2) 0,785948 0,674839 From the results of the autocorrelation test above, it can be seen that prob 0.674839 > 0.05, it can be concluded that there are no autocorrelation symptoms in the research model. Hipothesis Test F-Statistic Test is a test used to determine whether all independent variables included in the model simultaneously affect the dependent variable. The criterion for this test is that if the calculated F value > F table or the significance probability value (Prob) < (0.05) is met, then the independent variables together have an effect on the dependent variable. The t-statistical test is also known as the partial regression coefficient. This test is used to show the magnitude of the influence of each independent variable individually on the dependent variable. The criteria for the t-statistical test are t-count > t-table or the significance is <. 0.05. If these criteria are met, the independent variable individually or partially affects the dependent variable. Mukhammad Yazid Afandi: Antecendent of Macroprudential Indicator on Baznaz Funding Collection| 209 Table 10. Hypothesis Test using REM Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic Prob. C -41.77804 4.103042 -10.18221 0.0000 IPM 0.157357 0.045801 3.435712 0.0007 LOG(PDRB) 1.134918 0.174008 6.522202 0.0000 LOG(PPK) 0.954548 0.367911 2.594506 0.0101 LOG(UMP) 3.392444 0.340972 9.949332 0.0000 Effects Specification S.D. Rho Cross-section random 0.888725 0.4489 Idiosyncratic random 0.984792 0.5511 Weighted Statistics R-squared 0.578684 Mean dependent var 8.359689 Adjusted R-squared 0.571513 S.D. dependent var 1.636294 S.E. of regression 0.994580 Sum squared resid 232.4596 F-statistic 80.69419 Durbin-Watson stat 1.147230 Prob(F-statistic) 0.000000 Unweighted Statistics R-squared 0.618316 Mean dependent var 21.83885 Sum squared resid 406.9820 Durbin-Watson stat 0.655273 Based on the estimation results above, it can be concluded that simultaneously all variables have a significant effect on the collection of ZIS (F < 0.05). While partially, the following equation can be arranged; ZIS = -41,778 + 0,157*HDIit + 1,135*GDPit + 0,955*IPCit + 3,392*PMWit Impact between Human Development Index and ZIS Collection This shows that the rise or fall of the HDI variable will affect the size of the ZIS. This result is similar to Rohman & Afandi’s finding 34 states that a higher HDI value will increase the level of ZIS collection. This is because improving the quality of human resources affects the number of productive workers, which in turn also affects the productivity of goods and services. An increase in productivity activities accompanied by knowledge and a good level of health certainly has added value that can optimize income35. Islam has also emphasized five points of Islamic law that must be maintained, namely hifdzud diin (guarding religion), hifdzun nafs (protecting oneself), hifdzul 'aql (maintaining reason), hifdzun nasl (guarding offspring), 34 Rohman and Afandi, “Analisis Pengaruh Variabel Makro Dan Mikro Ekonomi Terhadap Penghimpunan Zakat Di Indonesia.” 35 Lutfi and Fitria, “Analisis Pengaruh Zakat, Infaq, Shadaqah (ZIS), Indeks Pembangunan Manusian (IPM), Tingkat Pengangguran Terbuka (TPT) Dan Kemiskinan Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Di Provinsi Sumatera Barat Tahun 2017-2020.” 210 | AJIS : Academic Journal of Islamic Studies, vol. 8, no. 1, 2023 and hifdzul maal (keeping property). Where these basic elements are also contained in the human development indices (HDI). These indices are the index of the quality of human life which includes: increased life expectancy and health, high education, and a high standard of living. Thus, the increasing quality of HR (Human Resource) will increase the amount of HR income. Until finally the community can carry out their zakat obligations, and in the end, the goal of ZIS is to provide opportunities for recipients of ZIS funds to improve their standard of living36. Impact between Gross Domestic Product and ZIS Collection The result shows that the GDP variable affects the size of the ZIS. The higher the income of the community, the higher the level of consumption, and the higher the level of consumption, the higher the demand for goods and services which automatically increase the production of goods and services so as to encourage Indonesia's economic growth37. The increase in national income comes from an increase in the number of domestic goods and services production, an increase in investment, an increase in people's purchasing power, and an increase in operational activities that help increase production levels. New industries as well as existing industries are growing rapidly. New jobs will be created at a reasonable wage rate, which will have an impact on per capita income growth. This then increases the amount of property on the object of zakat, so that it will increase ZIS receipts. Therefore, when the income of the community increases, the income of individuals, corporations and zakat also increases. As well as research by Rohman & Afandi38 which states that there is a positive influence between economic growth and the level of ZIS collection. The higher the level of economic growth of a country, the more ZIS collection will be. Gross domestic product is one of the benchmarks for people's welfare. With increased welfare, it will certainly increase one's ability to pay zakat (because it has reached the nishab) and other worship such as infaq and alms that do not require nishab. 36 Putri and Mintaroem, “Determinan Islamic Human Development Index (IHDI) Provinsi Jawa Timur Tahun 2001-2016.” 37 Qoyyim and Widuhung, “Analisis Strategi Penyaluran Dana Zakat, Infak, Sedekah (ZIS) Dan Tingkat Inflasi Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Di Indonesia Pada Periode 2015- 2019.” 38 Rohman and Afandi, “Analisis Pengaruh Variabel Makro Dan Mikro Ekonomi Terhadap Penghimpunan Zakat Di Indonesia.” Mukhammad Yazid Afandi: Antecendent of Macroprudential Indicator on Baznaz Funding Collection| 211 Impact between Income per Capita and ZIS Collection The results show that the income per capita variable affects the size of the ZIS. Income per capita or GRDP per capita is the average income of the population per individual in a region. So that income per capita can be said as one of the benchmarks of people's welfare. Those with high incomes tend to be perceived as richer than those with low incomes. Therefore, when per capita income increases and their needs have been met, and the nishab is reached, then a person is obliged to pay zakat. Therefore, the results of this study are the same as those of Susilowati39, Desky40, Pristi & Setiawan41 which conclude that per capita income has a positive influence on the level of ZIS collection. Impact between Provincial Minimum Wage and ZIS Collection The result shows that the PMW variable affects the size of the ZIS. The existence of the lowest salary policy is expected to be able to close the gap in the wage system that occurs and in order to help the community be able to meet their daily needs. According to Woyanti42, the minimum wage policy aims to maintain the level of Decent Living Needs (KHL). The increase in the PMW will affect the national economy because people's purchasing power increases in line with the increase in the wage level. Strengthening public purchasing power will have a positive impact on the regional economy and the national economy as a whole. This increase in public consumption can also facilitate the emergence of new types of businesses. As a result, the potential for new jobs will increase, unemployment and poverty will decrease, and in the end it will encourage people to be able to pay zakat (muzakki), not just as recipients of zakat (mustahiq). The results of this study are the same as the research of Lutfi & Fitria43 which shows that there is a positive influence between the UMP and the level of zakat acceptance. Conclusion 39 Susilowati, “Effect of Macroeconomic Indicators against ZIS Payments in the National Amil Zakat Agency (BAZNAS) 2013-2017.” 40 Desky, “Analisis Faktor-Faktor Determinan Pada Motivasi Membayar Zakat.” 41 Pristi and Setiawan, “Analisis Faktor Pendapatan Dan Religiusitas Dalam Mempengaruhi Minat Muzakki Dalam Membayar Zakat Profesi.” 42 Woyanti, “Pengaruh Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Dan UMP Terhadap Kemiskinan Di Jawa Tenagah Pra Dan Pasca Desentralisasi Fiskal.” 43 Lutfi and Fitria, “Analisis Pengaruh Zakat, Infaq, Shadaqah (ZIS), Indeks Pembangunan Manusian (IPM), Tingkat Pengangguran Terbuka (TPT) Dan Kemiskinan Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Di Provinsi Sumatera Barat Tahun 2017-2020.” 212 | AJIS : Academic Journal of Islamic Studies, vol. 8, no. 1, 2023 Indonesia has great potential in the collection and distribution of ZIS. However, the fact is that to this day this potential is still only a discourse due to the fact that the realization of ZIS revenue is still far from what it should have been. Nevertheless, the state's efforts as policy makers need to consider macro policies to improve the standard of living which can be measured through the HDI indicator which then affects economic growth so that it is hoped that per capita income will increase and the provincial minimum wage will increase. So in general, the role of macro policy aims to improve the standard of living of the community in the aggregate. This study finds that improving the quality of human resources affects the number of productive workers, which in turn also affects the productivity of goods and services. Increased productivity activities accompanied by knowledge and a good level of health certainly have added value that can optimize income. Until finally the community has the potential to carry out their zakat obligations, and in the end, the goal of ZIS is to provide opportunities for recipients of ZIS funds to improve their standard of living. The increase in national income comes from an increase in the number of domestic goods and services production, an increase in investment, an increase in people's purchasing power, and an increase in operational activities that help increase production levels. New jobs will be created at a reasonable wage rate, which will have an impact on per capita income growth. This then increases the amount of property on the object of zakat, so that it will increase ZIS receipts. Therefore, when the income of the community increases, the income of individuals, corporations and zakat also increases. The existence of the lowest salary policy is expected to be able to close the gap in the wage system that occurs and in order to help the community be able to meet their daily needs. Strengthening public purchasing power will have a positive impact on the regional economy and the national economy as a whole. This increase in public consumption can also facilitate the emergence of new types of businesses. As a result, the potential for new jobs will increase, unemployment and poverty will decrease, and in the end it will encourage people to be able to pay zakat (muzakki), not just as recipients of zakat (mustahiq). However, the main thing that has not been resolved is how to increase public awareness regarding the importance of increasing the obligation to pay ZIS. However, if the government is able to manage macroeconomic policies so that it can increase people's income, but public awareness is not educated then it will be the next problem. 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