Al-Balagh: Jurnal Dakwah dan Komunikasi,
Vol. 7, No. 1, January – June 2022, pp. 31 - 58, DOI: https://doi.org/10.22515/al-balagh.v7i1.4830

ISSN: 2527-5704 (P) ISSN: 2527-5682 (E)

https://ejournal.uinsaid.ac.id/index.php/al-balagh

ISLAMIC HYPNOTHERAPY AND ANCHOR 
HYPNOTHERAPY TO REDUCE SMOKING INTENTION IN 

ADOLESCENTS: A PILOT STUDY

Zahro Varisna Rohmadani*

Ratna Yunita Setiyani Subarjo
Komarudin
Universitas ‘Aisyiyah Yogyakarta

Keywords:
adolescence; 
hypnotherapy; 
smoking intention 

Correspondence:
e-mail:  *zahrovarisna@unisayogya.ac.id

Abstract

This study aimed to test the effectiveness of  Islamic hypnotherapy 
and anchor technique in reducing smoking intentions in 
adolescents. There were 18 participants in the study: 6 people 
in the experimental group I (given intervention in the form of  
Islamic hypnotherapy), 6 people in the experimental group II 
(given intervention in the form of  anchor hypnotherapy), and 6 
people in the control group or a waiting list group which would 
be given intervention after the completion of  intervention process 
in the experimental group I and II. Data were analyzed using 
the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test and Kruskal Wallis Test. The 
data showed that Islamic hypnotherapy was effective in lowering 
smoking intention (p=0.027), but anchor hypnotherapy was 
ineffective in lowering smoking intention (p=0.343). The control 
group showed no change in smoking intention (p=0.596). 
Qualitatively, participants in experimental groups I and II 
reported decreased smoking frequency but the decrease was higher 
in the experimental group I. Meanwhile, the control group did 
not experience a decrease.



32 Islamic Hypnotherapy and Anchor Hypnotherapy to Reduce Smoking Intention in Adolescents:
A Pilot Study

Zahro Varisna Rohmadani, Ratna Yunita Setiyani Subarjo, Komarudin

Al-Balagh: Jurnal Dakwah dan Komunikasi,
Vol. 7, No. 1, January – June 2022, pp. 31 - 58, DOI: https://doi.org/10.22515/al-balagh.v7i1.4830
ISSN: 2527-5704 (P) ISSN: 2527-5682 (E)

Abstrak

Artikel ini bertujuan menguji efektivitas hipnoterapi Islami 
maupun teknik Anchor dalam mengurangi niat merokok 
pada remaja. Ada 18 partisipan dalam penelitian ini, yang 
dibagi ke dalam tiga kelompok, enam orang dalam kelompok 
eksperimen I (diberikan intervensi dalam bentuk hipnoterapi 
Islam), enam orang dalam kelompok eksperimen II (diberikan 
intervensi dalam bentuk hipnoterapi menggunakan teknik 
Anchor), dan enam orang dalam kelompok kontrol yang masuk 
daftar tunggu atau diberi intervensi setelah proses intervensi 
dalam kelompok percobaan I dan II selesai. Teknik analisis yang 
digunakan Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test dan Kruskal Wallis Test. 
Hasil analisis data menemukan bahwa hipnoterapi Islam efektif 
dalam menurunkan niat merokok (p=0,027), hipnoterapi 
Anchor tidak efektif dalam menurunkan niat merokok 
(p=0,343), dan kondisi kelompok kontrol tidak berubah 
(p=0,596). Secara kualitatif, partisipan dalam kelompok 
eksperimen I dan II mengalami penurunan frekuensi merokok 
dengan tingkat penurunan lebih tinggi terjadi pada kelompok 
eksperimen I. Sementara pada kelompok kontrol tidak terjadi 
penurunan frekuensi merokok.

Kata kunci:

remaja; 
hipnoterapi; 
intensi merokok

How to cite this (APA 7th Edition):
Rohmadani, Z. V., Subarjo, R. Y. S., & Komarudin. (2022). Islamic 
Hypnotherapy And Anchor Hypnotherapy To Reduce Smoking Intention 
In Teens: A Pilot Study. Al-Balagh: Jurnal Dakwah Dan Komunikasi, 7(1), 
31–58, https://doi.org/10.22515/al-balagh.v7i1.4830

INTRODUCTION
The transition from child to adulthood is a part of  human 

development, where at this time, a teenager goes from being dependent 
to developing autonomy and maturity. During this period, teenagers 
experience many physiological and biological changes, which encompass 



33Islamic Hypnotherapy and Anchor Hypnotherapy to Reduce Smoking Intention in Adolescents: 
A Pilot Study
Zahro Varisna Rohmadani, Ratna Yunita Setiyani Subarjo, Komarudin

Al-Balagh: Jurnal Dakwah dan Komunikasi,
Vol. 7, No. 1, January – June 2022, pp. 31 - 58, DOI: https://doi.org/10.22515/al-balagh.v7i1.4830

ISSN: 2527-5704 (P) ISSN: 2527-5682 (E)

a change of  emotional conditions. In addition, adolescents are also 
experiencing various cognitive changes as they develop abstract thinking 
capacities, understand new ways of  information processing, and become 
more critical. This change is quite challenging and, if  coupled with 
common pressures experienced by teenagers, can make them sometimes 
less able to cope. However, teenagers who successfully cope with stress 
usually have good coping or problem-solving strategies (Berzonsky, 1981; 
Cole, 1963; Geldard, 2012; Hurlock, 1973; Jersild, 1965; Santrock, 2003; 
Santrock, 2011).

Adolescents in the transition stage usually experience many 
problems (Casey et al., 2010; Hashmi, 2013)suicide, and accidental death 
during this time of  life. Yet some teens emerge from adolescence with 
minimal turmoil. We provide a neurobiological model of  adolescence that 
proposes an imbalance in the development of  subcortical limbic (e.g., 
amygdala. Teenagers, who are still immature, tend to explore new things. 
They might be influenced by the behaviours of  their friend circle, better 
known as a peer group. If  their friends are smokers, the teenager might 
follow the behavior and become a smoker. Puspaningtyas and Zuraya 
(2022) mentioned that from 2019 to 2021, the number of  smokers had 
increased by 2.1 million. The number went from 57.2 million in 2019 
to 59.3 million by 2021 and the total of  national cigarette consumption 
reached 248.7 billion sticks that year. According to the Central Bureau of  
Statistics (2022), 3.69% of  the smokers in Indonesia are under 18 years 
old or categorized as teens. 

Although many people including teenagers adopt smoking habit, it 
has adverse effects. The adverse effects encompass several aspects. From 
health aspect, smoking increases the prevalence of  lung diseases, liver 
diseases, respiration problems, cancers, infertility, and other health issues 
(West, 2017). Financially, smoking causes the person to spend a significant 



34 Islamic Hypnotherapy and Anchor Hypnotherapy to Reduce Smoking Intention in Adolescents:
A Pilot Study

Zahro Varisna Rohmadani, Ratna Yunita Setiyani Subarjo, Komarudin

Al-Balagh: Jurnal Dakwah dan Komunikasi,
Vol. 7, No. 1, January – June 2022, pp. 31 - 58, DOI: https://doi.org/10.22515/al-balagh.v7i1.4830
ISSN: 2527-5704 (P) ISSN: 2527-5682 (E)

amount of  money to purchase the cigarettes. In psychological aspect, 
smoking habit might be categorized under impulse-control disorder. 
Smoking is often a maladaptive coping strategy when someone feels 
anxious, depressed, or troublesome. When a smoker faces a problem that 
triggers a negative emotional reaction, they will likely smoke to neutralize 
the negative emotions rather than focusing on the problem (Lyvers, Hall, 
& Bahr, 2009; Mousavi, Matinkhah, Maadani, & Masjedi, 2012).

Adolescence is a transitional stage that includes a period of  
vulnerability to negative influences such as crime, drugs, sexuality, and 
behaviors that endanger health (Hurd, Zimmerman, & Xue, 2009; Myers 
& Kelly, 2006). Willis (2012) wrote that the stage is an excellent period to 
develop human’s potentials. Desmita (2017) stated that the age range for 
adolescence period set by experts is from 12 to 21 years-old. There are 
three categories within the period: early adolescence (from 12-15 years-
old), middle adolescence (from 15-18 years-old), and late adolescence 
(from 18-21 years-old). 

Willis (2012) explained that teenagers typically encounter some 
problems, such as adjustment difficulty, religious issues, health problems, 
economic problems, employment, desire to take a part in society, and 
problems with spending their leisure time or others. For example, adjusting 
to society is quite hard for teenagers because they must obey religious 
norms and community rules. In addition, adolescents must instill positive 
attitudes towards health. At this stage, adolescents develop autonomy and 
maturity. 

A common health problem among teenagers is smoking. Based on 
an interview in September 2018 with guidance and counseling teacher of  
Madrasah Aliyah (high school level) X in Yogyakarta, five students smoked 
at school, both within the school perimeter and outside the gate. The 
behavior is easy to spread out among peer groups and difficult to take 
care of  with only reprimand, so it requires special handling. The school 



35Islamic Hypnotherapy and Anchor Hypnotherapy to Reduce Smoking Intention in Adolescents: 
A Pilot Study
Zahro Varisna Rohmadani, Ratna Yunita Setiyani Subarjo, Komarudin

Al-Balagh: Jurnal Dakwah dan Komunikasi,
Vol. 7, No. 1, January – June 2022, pp. 31 - 58, DOI: https://doi.org/10.22515/al-balagh.v7i1.4830

ISSN: 2527-5704 (P) ISSN: 2527-5682 (E)

has taken action by punishing students who are caught smoking in school, 
e.g., counseling, offering alternative activities, reporting to parents, and 
awarded penalty points. However, the smoking behavior was still rampage.

Smoking behavior, especially in adolescents, can be influenced by 
many factors, including identity seeking which causes them to try new things 
in their environment (Liang, Liao, Lee, & Liu, 2022; Sen & Basu, 2000; 
Sumiatin, Ningsih, & Su’udi, 2022; Windahsari, Candrawati, & Warsono, 
2017; Yahya, Hammangabdo, & Omotara, 2010). Environmental factors 
that affect smoking behavior in adolescents include family factors, such 
as lack of  attention from busy parents or family problems. In addition, 
adolescents might also imitate the smoking behavior from their parents. 

Smoking can damage the health of  the smokers and others through 
passive smoking. The widespread of  this behavior can lower the wellbeing 
of  Indonesian people, physically and psychologically. Previous studies 
(Paschke, Scherer, & Heller, 2002; Rodgman, Smith, & Perfetti, 2000; 
Vijayaraghavan, Messer, White, & Pierce, 2013) found that a single cigarette 
stick contains 20-40 nanograms of  benzo(a)pyrene. Benzo(a)pyrene causes 
mutation in the P53 gene (tumor suppressor genes), originally cancer-
protection genes, which leads to cancer development. Therefore, smoking 
is not good for health because it increases risks of  diseases, especially in 
tandem with other risk factors like high stress level. 

  Smoking is also referred to as a bridge to drug abuse because 
smoking and drug abuse start in similar fashion, curiosity, and both 
behaviors may lead to addiction (Baumeister, 2017; Windahsari et al., 
2017). In addition, smoking and drug abuse become a symbol of  courage 
and lifestyle for certain circles. Therefore, eradicating or at least reducing 
smoking prevalence is the first step to take as it may reduce the rate of  
drug abuse too. Economically, the government benefits from the cigarette 
industry due to its large taxes; which costs are passed down to consumers. 
In addition, the industry provides many employment opportunities. Still, 



36 Islamic Hypnotherapy and Anchor Hypnotherapy to Reduce Smoking Intention in Adolescents:
A Pilot Study

Zahro Varisna Rohmadani, Ratna Yunita Setiyani Subarjo, Komarudin

Al-Balagh: Jurnal Dakwah dan Komunikasi,
Vol. 7, No. 1, January – June 2022, pp. 31 - 58, DOI: https://doi.org/10.22515/al-balagh.v7i1.4830
ISSN: 2527-5704 (P) ISSN: 2527-5682 (E)

the government’s advantage is paired by significant losses, namely health 
problems and declining life, which are intangible. Data also show that 
billions of  rupiah were spent to purchase cigarettes across Indonesia 
(Windahsari et al., 2017). Therefore, the government needs to take action. 

Treatment approach that is often applied to overcome the intention 
of  smoking is psychoeducation using a picture card that shows the dangers 
of  smoking (Kuhu, 2012;  Song, Huttunen-Lenz, & Holland, 2009). 
Psychoeducation is a modality delivered by professionals through the 
integration of  psychotherapy and educational interventions (Economou, 
2015; Shaban & JaferNodeh, 2019). Psychoeducation increases self-
efficacy through vicarious experience and social influence (Shaban & 
JaferNodeh, 2019). 

Sari (2012) also implemented a psychoeducation called SADAR 
(Sehat, Adaptif, Reflektif/ Healthy, Adaptive, and Reflective) for adolescents. 
The program introduced thought management, emotion regulation, 
behavior management, and emotional internalization management, self-
mapping, and environmental mapping. Sari’s (2012) study showed that the 
psychoeducation was not effective to reduce smoking intention. On the 
other hand, other studies (Antari, 2019; .Faizah & Haq, 2019), proved 
that psychoeducation effectively lowers smoking behavior in adolescents. 
In addition to psychoeducation, preventive smoking behavior touches 
a person’s subconscious level by using hypnosis/hypnotherapy and 
improving self-efficacy. 

Another strategy that can be used to reduce adolescent smoking 
intention is cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). CBT can help an adolescent 
to restructure thoughts that cause anxiety or stress. These thoughts 
are likely to cause them turn into smoking as a coping strategy. When 
an adolescent is able to restructure their thoughts and irrational beliefs 
in the problems that they currently encounter, they can come up with 
adaptive responses to their problems. Additionally, rational thoughts and 



37Islamic Hypnotherapy and Anchor Hypnotherapy to Reduce Smoking Intention in Adolescents: 
A Pilot Study
Zahro Varisna Rohmadani, Ratna Yunita Setiyani Subarjo, Komarudin

Al-Balagh: Jurnal Dakwah dan Komunikasi,
Vol. 7, No. 1, January – June 2022, pp. 31 - 58, DOI: https://doi.org/10.22515/al-balagh.v7i1.4830

ISSN: 2527-5704 (P) ISSN: 2527-5682 (E)

beliefs can help an individual to neutralize negative emotions. Therefore, 
the adolescent would be able to avoid maladaptive behavioral response, 
such as smoking (Farooq, Puranik, & Uma, 2020; Hargiana, Keliat, & 
Mustikasari, 2018; Martínez-Vispo et al., 2019).

The next treatment strategy for smoking teenagers is hypnotherapy. 
Hypnotherapy is one of  the most effective treatments for people 
who smoke. At the time when a person in a trance state will be given 
a treatment to weaken their desire to smoke (Mohamed & El-Mwafy, 
2015)the researchers trained the students in practicing self  hypnosis, and 
asked them to practice it at home and to document the frequency of  daily 
smoked packs for nine weeks. Results: The present study findings indicated 
that the rate of  male smokers among secondary school students in Beni-
Suef  city was 52.4%, about two third of  studied students (65.4%. Sunarti 
and Noorjannah (2019)’s study proved that hypnotherapy is effective 
in reducing the frequency of  smoking by giving impulses to weaken 
the desire to smoke. Budiman (2017)a design study aimed at testing the 
causal relationship (Polit & Beck, 2006 also stated that hypnotherapy with 
anchor techniques could reduce the frequency of  smoking in adolescents 
by 78%; 11 out of  15 participants who received the  hypnotherapy with 
anchor techniques had quit smoking. Additionally, Javel (1980) found 
that hypnotherapy contains induction and suggestion from an expert and 
it has a 60% effectiveness rate to reduce smoking intention. Margiyati, 
Dwidiyanti, and Wijanti’s (2018) study implemented hypnotherapy 
in 20 smokers and the experiment found that the participants showed 
decrease in smoking intention. Other studies also support the notion that 
hypnotherapy is effective in helping people to stop smoking (Carmody, 
Duncan, Solkowitz, Huggins, & Simon, 2017; Elkins & Rajab, 2004; 
Elkins, Marcus, Bates, & Rajab, 2006).

Hassan (2014) wrote that hypnotherapy consists of  hypnosis and 
therapy. Hypnosis comes from the Greek Hypnos, which means sleep. 



38 Islamic Hypnotherapy and Anchor Hypnotherapy to Reduce Smoking Intention in Adolescents:
A Pilot Study

Zahro Varisna Rohmadani, Ratna Yunita Setiyani Subarjo, Komarudin

Al-Balagh: Jurnal Dakwah dan Komunikasi,
Vol. 7, No. 1, January – June 2022, pp. 31 - 58, DOI: https://doi.org/10.22515/al-balagh.v7i1.4830
ISSN: 2527-5704 (P) ISSN: 2527-5682 (E)

The term means a semi-conscious state resembles the characteristics of  a 
sleeping person. This is because the individual’s suggestion of  relaxation 
and attention is concentrated on an object. Individuals who are suggestive 
and responsive to the influence of  hypnotizing can recall events that have 
been forgotten and can relieve psychological symptoms.

Hypnotherapy was found to improve quality of  life and happiness 
(Hassan, 2014); reduce depression, stress, and anxiety (Alladin, 2018; 
Hammond, 2013; Setyadi, Murti, & Demartoto, 2016; Whorwell, 2005); 
alleviate psychological problems in sports (Mukhopadhyay, 2021); solve 
psychological problems in educational context (Drigas, Mitsea, & Skianis, 
2021; Wark, 2011); and help people from cigarette dependence (Margiyati 
et al., 2018).

Islamic hypnotherapy was proposed by Carson (1983), with the 
objective to tame the inner gremlin. Gremlin means something that 
interferes with the operation of  the machine (the entity) or can also be 
referred to as a negative ego that distorts the dynamics of  nafs or self  
(Frager, 2013). Islamic hypnotherapy involves delivering suggestion 
towards a person throughout the process of  transforming the gremlin 
(negative ego) to positive ego.

Anchor hypnotherapy technique is used for cases that require 
symbols for empowerment as well as lasting post-hypnotic effects. This 
technique introduces “anchor”, which aims to help clients reaching a peak 
of  positive emotional state. The anchor should be a “unique” symbol. The 
concept of  anchor hypnotherapy is creating an intense emotional situation 
in which connecting to the client will be easier, and they can capture the 
symbol introduced in the therapy. When the symbol is recognized in 
other occasions, a similar emotional state reappears due to the association 
process (Budiman, 2017; Sugiyono et al., 2021)Central Jakarta. This 
research method uses Quasi Experiment Design. The results of  the Chi-
square test showed that after the intervention, the level of  anxiety and 



39Islamic Hypnotherapy and Anchor Hypnotherapy to Reduce Smoking Intention in Adolescents: 
A Pilot Study
Zahro Varisna Rohmadani, Ratna Yunita Setiyani Subarjo, Komarudin

Al-Balagh: Jurnal Dakwah dan Komunikasi,
Vol. 7, No. 1, January – June 2022, pp. 31 - 58, DOI: https://doi.org/10.22515/al-balagh.v7i1.4830

ISSN: 2527-5704 (P) ISSN: 2527-5682 (E)

depression was obtained in the intervention and control groups for the 
anxiety variables p=1.000 (p>0.05).

The hypnotherapy method or procedure usually goes through 
five stages: pre-induction, induction, deepening, therapeutic procedure, 
and termination (Gunawan, 2009; Hunter & Eimer, 2012; Winarsih & 
Rohmadani, 2020). The pre-induction stage is when the client and the 
therapist build a good relationship (building rapport), and explore the 
problem. The second stage/induction is a technique that brings the client 
to a state of  hypnosis by lowering the frequency of  alpha brain wave. The 
third stage is deepening, to lower the client’s theta brain waves towards a 
deeper hypnotic state after which followed by the stage of  the therapeutic 
procedure, which is the intervention process given to the client; in this 
case, to lower the frequency of  smoking the client is given treatment. The 
last stage is termination, the process of  “reawakening” the client from his 
“hypnotic sleep” state.

Comparison between Islamic hypnotherapy and anchors because 
Islamic hypnotherapy is new and has never been studied before to reduce 
smoking intention. Meanwhile, anchor hypnotherapy has been studied 
before and shows effective results. This is in accordance with Budiman 
(2017)a design study aimed at testing the causal relationship (Polit & Beck, 
2006 who found that hypnotherapy with anchor technique can reduce the 
frequency of  smoking in adolescents by up to 78%, even from 15 people 
treated as many as 11 participants quit smoking.

The study aimed to test the effectiveness of  Islamic hypnotherapy 
and anchor hypnotherapy techniques in decreasing smoking intention in 
adolescents. Hypotheses proposed in the study were Islamic hypnotherapy 
techniques and anchor hypnotherapy techniques effectively lower 
adolescent smoking intention.



40 Islamic Hypnotherapy and Anchor Hypnotherapy to Reduce Smoking Intention in Adolescents:
A Pilot Study

Zahro Varisna Rohmadani, Ratna Yunita Setiyani Subarjo, Komarudin

Al-Balagh: Jurnal Dakwah dan Komunikasi,
Vol. 7, No. 1, January – June 2022, pp. 31 - 58, DOI: https://doi.org/10.22515/al-balagh.v7i1.4830
ISSN: 2527-5704 (P) ISSN: 2527-5682 (E)

METHODS
The research design used in this study is quasi-experimental with 

multiple treatment and control with pretest design, where this treatment 
design uses several treatment groups and control groups with pretests 
(Latipun, 2015; Saifuddin, 2019; Seniati, Yulianto, & Setiadi, 2005; Shadish, 
Campbell, & Cook, 2002).

The participants in this study were in mid-adolescence (aged 15-
18 years old), attended MA (Madrasah Aliyah) X in Yogyakarta, Javanese, 
and lived with their parents. Researchers chose the participants at the 
school because it is a smoke-free school and applies strict rules in schools, 
but there are still students who smoke clandestinely. In addition, the 
participants intend to attend a therapy session.

Researchers chose the age range of  middle adolescence (15-18 years) 
because they already develop self-control (Berzonsky, 1981; Hurlock, 
1973; Papalia, Olds, & Feldman, 2008; Santrock, 2011). Madrasah Aliyah 
X was chosen because the school applies a rigid smoke-free policy, but 
some students still smoke. Participants living with parents were chosen 
because parents can be both positive and negative models for students. It 
might provide an insight about how these dynamics affect the decrease in 
intention and frequency of  smoking.

The population size (students who had smoking intention) was 
45, but there were 29 students who had moderate to high smoking 
intention. Smoking intention was measured using a smoking intention 
scale (Rohmadani, 2016). The scale had been tested for content validity 
using Aiken’s V with a validity score of  0.667, and also for reliability using 
Cronbach’s alpha, with a score of  0.914 (Saifuddin, 2021).

Based on pretest scores, participants were grouped in experimental 
group I, II, and control group. Researchers made sure that all groups had 
equal mean score. At the end, each group consisted of  students. 



41Islamic Hypnotherapy and Anchor Hypnotherapy to Reduce Smoking Intention in Adolescents: 
A Pilot Study
Zahro Varisna Rohmadani, Ratna Yunita Setiyani Subarjo, Komarudin

Al-Balagh: Jurnal Dakwah dan Komunikasi,
Vol. 7, No. 1, January – June 2022, pp. 31 - 58, DOI: https://doi.org/10.22515/al-balagh.v7i1.4830

ISSN: 2527-5704 (P) ISSN: 2527-5682 (E)

The experimental group I was given intervention in the form of  
Islamic hypnotherapy, the experimental group II was given intervention 
in the form of  anchor hypnotherapy, and the third group as a control 
group (waiting list and given intervention when the treatment had been 
completed). Each experimental group was given intervention at different 
times (sessions 1 and 2). Before the intervention, participants were asked 
to fill out an informed consent sheet and given information about the 
intervention process and its effects.

The treatment was given to two experimental groups, starting 
material about the dangers of  smoking by the speaker, then collecting 
qualitative data about the beginning of  their smoking behavior, the rate 
of  smoking intention, and the frequency of  smoking. Each group showed 
different attitude; experimental group I had prominent character. They 
talked more, liked to tell stories, were not shy about expressing opinions, 
were cooperative in participating in the program, suggestible, and had close 
bond with the peers. Additionally, some of  them were active smoker, even 
had smoked before the school started. On the other hand, experimental 
group 2 displayed a different attitude. They were difficult to suggest 
even some found it hard to create imagination during the anchor-stage, 
and generally seemed like they did not enjoy the therapy hypnotherapy. 
Experimental group II also reported lower smoking intention compared 
to the experimental group I. The stages of  the intervention can be seen 
in the table 1.



42 Islamic Hypnotherapy and Anchor Hypnotherapy to Reduce Smoking Intention in Adolescents:
A Pilot Study

Zahro Varisna Rohmadani, Ratna Yunita Setiyani Subarjo, Komarudin

Al-Balagh: Jurnal Dakwah dan Komunikasi,
Vol. 7, No. 1, January – June 2022, pp. 31 - 58, DOI: https://doi.org/10.22515/al-balagh.v7i1.4830
ISSN: 2527-5704 (P) ISSN: 2527-5682 (E)

Table 1.
Stages Of  Islamic Intervention And Anchor Hypnotherapy

Number Stages in 
Hypnotherapy

Description

1 Pre-induction talk In this stage, the hypnotherapist builds a rapport 
with the participants. This is done by: talking 
about the participants daily lives and their 
smoking behaviors then perform a suggestibility 
test to the participants

2 Induction Induction is a technique to guide the participants 
into a state of  hypnosis, which was carried out in 
this study through relaxation. It is was carried out 
in conjunction with the hypnotherapy process of  
each group

3 Deepening Guiding the participants to achieve a deeper state 
of  hypnosis using counts as well as imagining a 
place of  comfort

4 Suggestion This stage is an the participants because at this 
stage participants were given suggestion that 
smoking is an unhealthy behavior. They were 
also suggested to change their behavior to a more 
healthy and productive one. At this stage, there 
are differences:
1. Islamic hypnotherapy: given suggestion with 
Islamic principles and taming the inner gremlin 
(ego negative) and transforming into a positive 
ego
2. Anchor hypnotherapy: given a positive 
suggestion and then associated with the anchor 
(a certain symbol that the participants believe 
can be a trigger for lowering smoking when 
remembering the symbol)

5 Termination Gradually pulling the participants back to their 
conscience, is carried out gradually.

In the intervention process, there were three participants in 
experimental group II not participating in session one. To make the number 
of  participants in each group equal, three participants from experimental 
group I and control group were dropped during the analysis. After the 
conclusion of  intervention, experimental and control groups were asked 



43Islamic Hypnotherapy and Anchor Hypnotherapy to Reduce Smoking Intention in Adolescents: 
A Pilot Study
Zahro Varisna Rohmadani, Ratna Yunita Setiyani Subarjo, Komarudin

Al-Balagh: Jurnal Dakwah dan Komunikasi,
Vol. 7, No. 1, January – June 2022, pp. 31 - 58, DOI: https://doi.org/10.22515/al-balagh.v7i1.4830

ISSN: 2527-5704 (P) ISSN: 2527-5682 (E)

to fill a posttest scale. The data were then analyzed using the Wilcoxon 
Signed Rank Test and the Kruskal Wallis Test with the help of  SPSS.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Research Results

Figure 1, 2, and 3 present the score comparison of  each group 
(experimental group I, II, and control group) during pretest and posttest.

Al-Balagh: Jurnal Dakwah dan Komunikasi 
Vol. 7, No. 1, January – June 2022, pp. xxxx, DOI: https://doi.org/10.22515/al-balagh.v7i1.4830 

ISSN 2527-5704 (P) ISSN 2527-5682 (E) 
 

Islamic Hypnotherapy And Anchor Hypnotherapy To Reduce Smoking Intentions In Teens: A Pilot Study 
Zahro Varisna Rohmadani, Ratna Yunita Setiyani Subarjo, Komarudin 

Number Stages in 
Hypnotherapy 

Description 

1. Islamic hypnotherapy: given suggestion with Islamic 
principles and taming the inner gremlin (ego negative) and 
transforming into a positive ego 

2. Anchor hypnotherapy: given a positive suggestion and 
then associated with the anchor (a certain symbol that the 
participants believe can be a trigger for lowering smoking 
when remembering the symbol) 

5 Termination  Gradually pulling the participants back to their conscience, is 
carried out gradually. 

 

In the intervention process, there were threeparticipants in experimental group 

IInot participating in session one. To make the number of participants in each group 

equal, three participants from experimental group I and control group were dropped 

during the analysis. After the conclusion of intervention, experimental and control 

groups were asked to fill a posttest scale. The datawere then analyzed using the 

Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test and the Kruskal Wallis Testwith the help of SPSS. 

 

RESULTSAND DISCUSSION 

Research Results 

Figure 1, 2, and 3present thescore comparison ofeach group (experimental group 

I, II, and control group) during pretest and posttest. 

 
Figure1. The Difference In Pretest And Posttest ScoresOf ParticipantsIn Experimental 

Group I 

0

50

100

150

Ad Ih Fa Sa Ba Ar

Experiment I (Islamic Hypnotherapy)

Pretest Posttest

Figure 1. The Difference In Pretest And Posttest Scores Of  Participants 
In Experimental Group IAl-Balagh: Jurnal Dakwah dan Komunikasi 

Vol. 7, No. 1, January – June 2022, pp. xxxx, DOI: https://doi.org/10.22515/al-balagh.v7i1.4830 
ISSN 2527-5704 (P) ISSN 2527-5682 (E) 

 

Islamic Hypnotherapy And Anchor Hypnotherapy To Reduce Smoking Intentions In Teens: A Pilot Study 
Zahro Varisna Rohmadani, Ratna Yunita Setiyani Subarjo, Komarudin 

 
Figure 2. The Difference In Pretest And Posttest Score Of Participants In Experimental 

Group II 

 

 
Figure3. The Difference In Pretest And Posttest Score Of Participants In The Control 

Group 

Based on Figure1, the experiment I group showed decreasedscores in smoking 

intention after receivingIslamic hypnotherapy. While in experimental group II,three 

participants tended to decrease, but the other three were relatively the same, and the 

control group relatively did not experience differences during pretest or posttest. 

Table 1. 
Three Group Significance Score 

Group Number of 

participants 

Mean Rank Asymp. Sig. (2-

tailed) 

Experimental I (Islamic hypnotherapy) 6 14.00 .027 

Experimental II (anchor hypnotherapy) 6 9.58 .343 

Control 6 4.92 .596 

 

0

50

100

150

Ra Lu Mu Az Af Am

Experiment II (Anchor Hypnotherapy)

Pretest Posttest

0

50

100

150

Da Ba Al Ti Ra Raa

Control Group

Pretest Posttest

Figure 2. The Difference In Pretest And Posttest Score Of  Participants 
In Experimental Group II



44 Islamic Hypnotherapy and Anchor Hypnotherapy to Reduce Smoking Intention in Adolescents:
A Pilot Study

Zahro Varisna Rohmadani, Ratna Yunita Setiyani Subarjo, Komarudin

Al-Balagh: Jurnal Dakwah dan Komunikasi,
Vol. 7, No. 1, January – June 2022, pp. 31 - 58, DOI: https://doi.org/10.22515/al-balagh.v7i1.4830
ISSN: 2527-5704 (P) ISSN: 2527-5682 (E)

Al-Balagh: Jurnal Dakwah dan Komunikasi 
Vol. 7, No. 1, January – June 2022, pp. xxxx, DOI: https://doi.org/10.22515/al-balagh.v7i1.4830 

ISSN 2527-5704 (P) ISSN 2527-5682 (E) 
 

Islamic Hypnotherapy And Anchor Hypnotherapy To Reduce Smoking Intentions In Teens: A Pilot Study 
Zahro Varisna Rohmadani, Ratna Yunita Setiyani Subarjo, Komarudin 

 
Figure 2. The Difference In Pretest And Posttest Score Of Participants In Experimental 

Group II 

 

 
Figure3. The Difference In Pretest And Posttest Score Of Participants In The Control 

Group 

Based on Figure1, the experiment I group showed decreasedscores in smoking 

intention after receivingIslamic hypnotherapy. While in experimental group II,three 

participants tended to decrease, but the other three were relatively the same, and the 

control group relatively did not experience differences during pretest or posttest. 

Table 1. 
Three Group Significance Score 

Group Number of 

participants 

Mean Rank Asymp. Sig. (2-

tailed) 

Experimental I (Islamic hypnotherapy) 6 14.00 .027 

Experimental II (anchor hypnotherapy) 6 9.58 .343 

Control 6 4.92 .596 

 

0

50

100

150

Ra Lu Mu Az Af Am

Experiment II (Anchor Hypnotherapy)

Pretest Posttest

0

50

100

150

Da Ba Al Ti Ra Raa

Control Group

Pretest Posttest

Figure 3. The Difference In Pretest And Posttest Score Of  Participants 
In The Control Group

Based on Figure 1, the experiment I group showed decreased 
scores in smoking intention after receiving Islamic hypnotherapy. While 
in experimental group II, three participants tended to decrease, but the 
other three were relatively the same, and the control group relatively did 
not experience differences during pretest or posttest.

Table 2.
Three Group Significance Score

Group Number of  
participants

Mean 
Rank

Asymp. Sig. 
(2-tailed)

Experimental I (Islamic hypnotherapy) 6 14.00 .027
Experimental II (anchor hypnotherapy) 6 9.58 .343
Control 6 4.92 .596

Based on table 1 above, it can be seen that Islamic hypnotherapy is 
effective in lowering smoking intention (p=0.027; p<0.05). In contrast, 
anchor hypnotherapy does not effectively lower smoking intention 
(p=0.343; p>0.05). And the control group did not change (p=0.596; 
p>0.05).

Based on table 1, the highest mean rank or drop score (pretest and 
posttest difference) is found in experimental group I with a mean rank= 



45Islamic Hypnotherapy and Anchor Hypnotherapy to Reduce Smoking Intention in Adolescents: 
A Pilot Study
Zahro Varisna Rohmadani, Ratna Yunita Setiyani Subarjo, Komarudin

Al-Balagh: Jurnal Dakwah dan Komunikasi,
Vol. 7, No. 1, January – June 2022, pp. 31 - 58, DOI: https://doi.org/10.22515/al-balagh.v7i1.4830

ISSN: 2527-5704 (P) ISSN: 2527-5682 (E)

14.00, followed by the second experimental group with a mean rank = 
9.58 and the control group with a mean rank = 4.92.

Based on analysis with the Kruskal Wallis Test, it is known that Chi 
Square=8.741 and p=0.013 (p<0.05), so it was concluded that there was 
a significant difference between the scores of  the three groups, and the 
highest decrease happened in the experimental group I.

Discussion
In general, although the group given the anchor hypnotherapy 

technique did not significantly affect the intention of  adolescent smoking, 
this group of  experiment II experienced a decrease in smoking intention. 
While the control group also showed a decrease smoking intention 
(although not due to research factors), it was possible because they feared 
that their school was a smoke-free school and when BK teachers awaited 
the collection of  posttest data. This is aligned with a study by Sunarti 
and Noorjannah (2019) which found that hypnotherapy can reduce the 
intensity of  adolescent smoking by giving impulses that weaken the desire 
to smoke.  Indonesian translation. 

Experimental group I (given Islamic hypnotherapy) experienced the 
significance of  the results. After being given treatment, they experienced a 
decrease in the intention and frequency of  smoking. This was influenced by 
the characteristics of  participants in that group, who were cooperative, open 
to the therapists, and seemed to enjoy the therapy process. Hypnotherapists 
would be able to work together with participants with such an open 
attitude. They confided to the therapist (evidenced by telling stories about 
the experience of  smoking), did not worry if  the therapist would report 
them to the teacher. Islamic hypnotherapy is given at the suggestion stage 
by incorporating Islamic elements (using self-transformation by taming 
the gremlin/negative ego). The gremlin is the narrator of  our heads; it can 
be an imaginary being/creature that interferes with the smooth working 



46 Islamic Hypnotherapy and Anchor Hypnotherapy to Reduce Smoking Intention in Adolescents:
A Pilot Study

Zahro Varisna Rohmadani, Ratna Yunita Setiyani Subarjo, Komarudin

Al-Balagh: Jurnal Dakwah dan Komunikasi,
Vol. 7, No. 1, January – June 2022, pp. 31 - 58, DOI: https://doi.org/10.22515/al-balagh.v7i1.4830
ISSN: 2527-5704 (P) ISSN: 2527-5682 (E)

plan of  machines (Carson, 1983; Collins-Donnelly, 2013; Frager, 2013). In 
the Islamic hypnotherapy, nearly all participants experienced a decrease in 
smoking intention; judging from the results of  post-hypnotic interviews, 
all participants could meet their inner gremlins and transform them into 
positive forms/positive egos.  Indonesian translation. 

Islamic hypnotherapy worked by giving suggestions to participants 
about smoking. The suggestion was that smoking has more adverse effects 
than the positive ones. The adverse effect not only influences oneself  but 
also others. Thus, the suggestion develops conscientiousness in students 
to block the smoking intention. Suggestion in hypnotherapy can alter 
individual’s thought pattern and perception towards an object or an event 
(Capafons et al., 2006; Lynna, Laurenceb, & Kirsch, 2015). At the end, 
hypnotherapy can change individual behavior, including stopping the urge 
or intention to smoke.

The results presented above are aligned with the results of  Budiman’s 
(2017)a design study aimed at testing the causal relationship (Polit & 
Beck, 2006 study stating that hypnotherapy with anchor techniques could 
reduce the frequency of  smoking in adolescents. Although the anchor 
technique used in the study was not significant, the results showed 
decreased in number. The effectiveness of  the anchor technique given 
to the participants depends heavily on the hypnotherapist providing the 
therapy and the characteristics of  the participants. Individuals in the 
anchor group were more introverted and did not have a cohesive group 
dynamics. The therapist aimed to build rapport with the individuals in 
the anchor group but did not achieve an expected result. Mirroring skills 
in the hypnotherapy process is essential. But it is also strongly influenced 
by the character of  the participants. Participants in second experimental 
group were quiet, less cooperative, and seemed less interested in following 
the hypnotherapy process.  Indonesian translation. 



47Islamic Hypnotherapy and Anchor Hypnotherapy to Reduce Smoking Intention in Adolescents: 
A Pilot Study
Zahro Varisna Rohmadani, Ratna Yunita Setiyani Subarjo, Komarudin

Al-Balagh: Jurnal Dakwah dan Komunikasi,
Vol. 7, No. 1, January – June 2022, pp. 31 - 58, DOI: https://doi.org/10.22515/al-balagh.v7i1.4830

ISSN: 2527-5704 (P) ISSN: 2527-5682 (E)

There were obstacles in conducting the present study. The target 
school/Madrasah Aliyah, had a strict regulation about smoking on the 
school ground and students who caught in action would be given 50 
penalty points. Therefore, the researchers had to convince students 
about the confidentiality of  the data being used in this study during the 
baseline data collection. The research team also re-affirmed this when 
providing treatment to the participants. Thus, rapport building had been 
done appropriately, aligned with ethical guideline about good relationship 
between researcher and the respondents (Dang, Westbrook, Njue, & 
Giordano, 2017; Goldstein & Glueck, 2016). However, the experimental 
group II seemed less enthusiastic to participate in the anchor hypnotherapy.  
Indonesian translation. 

Thabrany (2012) wrote that advertising can have a far-reaching 
impact that people who smoke are dashing, courageous, and handsome 
people. If  a woman then she is considered more beautiful by smoking. 
A study by Nurhasana et al. (2020) also revealed that a perception that 
smoking makes someone looks “cool” or attractive leads them to start 
smoking. Environment is another risk factor, such as the ease of  obtaining 
cigarettes and the low price (Thabrany, 2012). Liang et al. (2022) also 
mentioned that the environment is a factor in smoking behaviour. When 
an individual is surrounded by people who are smoking, they might 
develop an urge to start smoking. Adolescents also have limited knowledge 
about the dangers of  smoking and assume that smoking can drive away 
loneliness, sadness, anger and frustration. Socio-cultural factors such as 
the influence of  parents and peer groups influence individuals to smoke. 
The peer group commonly has a bigger influence because adolescents are 
usually afraid of  being isolated and ruled out by their peers. 

Similarly, what happens in MA X is that students smoke because 
of  peer influence. They also imitated the behavior of  their fathers or 
older brothers who were active smokers, despite prohibitions from their 



48 Islamic Hypnotherapy and Anchor Hypnotherapy to Reduce Smoking Intention in Adolescents:
A Pilot Study

Zahro Varisna Rohmadani, Ratna Yunita Setiyani Subarjo, Komarudin

Al-Balagh: Jurnal Dakwah dan Komunikasi,
Vol. 7, No. 1, January – June 2022, pp. 31 - 58, DOI: https://doi.org/10.22515/al-balagh.v7i1.4830
ISSN: 2527-5704 (P) ISSN: 2527-5682 (E)

mothers. This finding is aligned with previous findings that role model 
is an important factor in one’s smoking behavior (Green et al., 2008; 
Meier, 1991; Wiium, Breivik, & Wold, 2006). In psychology, the process 
of  imitating behavior is called modeling. The concept was introduced by 
Albert Bandura. Modeling is a part of  social learning theory. There are 
four stages in modeling and social learning theory; attention, retention, 
reproduction, and motivation (Bandura, 1977, 2001, 2003). 

In the context of  adolescent smoking behavior, the attention stage is 
when the adolescent observes someone close to him smoking. From that, 
the adolescent forms a certain perception about smoking. Meanwhile, at 
the retention stage, the people around the adolescent maintain the smoking 
behavior and cause the adolescent to think that smoking is something 
that they can do too.  In the reproduction stage, the adolescent adapt to 
the smoking behavior of  people around them and try out the behavior. 
Then, in the motivation stage, the adolescent has adopted the behavior 
and receive reinforcement to repeat the behavior. This reinforcement may 
come in the form of  compliments or positive perception from others. 
The participants ultimately decided to smoke, even if  they just smoked 
a stick of  cigarette in one week. Participants in this study generally had a 
positive attitude towards smoking, for example being sure that smoking 
will not cause cancer, and they will stay healthy by smoking. They 
mentioned it prior to the hypnotherapy session, saying that many people 
who smoke still live a long life. The participants also thought that they 
should behave similarly to their smoking peers and considered smoking 
behavior as “masculine”. Those findings represent the three aspects of  
smoking intention, namely attitudes towards behavior, subjective norms 
towards behavior and perceived behavioral control (Ajzen & Fishbein, 
2000; Fishbein & Ajzen, 2015).

Before hypnotherapy, therapists had discussions with participants 
from both groups about their reasons for smoking and what they 



49Islamic Hypnotherapy and Anchor Hypnotherapy to Reduce Smoking Intention in Adolescents: 
A Pilot Study
Zahro Varisna Rohmadani, Ratna Yunita Setiyani Subarjo, Komarudin

Al-Balagh: Jurnal Dakwah dan Komunikasi,
Vol. 7, No. 1, January – June 2022, pp. 31 - 58, DOI: https://doi.org/10.22515/al-balagh.v7i1.4830

ISSN: 2527-5704 (P) ISSN: 2527-5682 (E)

had expected from it. From the discussion researcher found that the 
participants realized the harm smoking can cause to one’s health but 
they became smokers because of  peer influence. After the hypnotherapy 
process (anchor and Islamic) the participants showed a decrease of  
tsmoking intention. 

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
Conclusion

Islamic hypnotherapy technique effectively lowers the intention 
and frequency of  adolescent smoking. In contrast, anchor hypnotherapy 
technique is ineffective in lowering the intention and frequency of  
adolescent smoking. In addition, participants in the control group 
experienced no decrease in smoking intention. The hypnotherapy method 
transformed the inner gremlin to positive ego. Additionally, it suggested 
the client that the negative aspects of  smoking outweigh its benefits. The 
limitation of  this study is caused by the incomparable condition in the 
Islamic hypnotherapy group and the anchor hypnotherapy group, namely 
the difference in therapists’ skill and participants’ attitude between the two 
groups.

Suggestion
This research offers several suggestions. Future researchers should 

make an effort to match the conditions between the two experimental 
group, e.g., by involving experienced therapists and paying attention to 
participants’ openness or self-disclosure. Additionally, future researchers 
also need to add more samples to the study to improve generalizability 
through parametric tests. 

Meanwhile, schools can work with psychologists to provide treatment 
for students who smoke and to help combat students’ smoking intention. 
The community also needs to understand that every behavior is potentially 



50 Islamic Hypnotherapy and Anchor Hypnotherapy to Reduce Smoking Intention in Adolescents:
A Pilot Study

Zahro Varisna Rohmadani, Ratna Yunita Setiyani Subarjo, Komarudin

Al-Balagh: Jurnal Dakwah dan Komunikasi,
Vol. 7, No. 1, January – June 2022, pp. 31 - 58, DOI: https://doi.org/10.22515/al-balagh.v7i1.4830
ISSN: 2527-5704 (P) ISSN: 2527-5682 (E)

imitated by adolescents. So, people need to control smoking behavior or 
smoking in certain places and thus adolescents would have a lower chance 
of  imitating this behavior. In addition, the public, establishments that are 
selling cigarettes, need to pay attention to age limit. They should refuse to 
sell cigarettes to children and adolescents under legal age. 

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The authors would like to thank to the Ministry of  Research, 

Technology, and Higher Education of  Indonesia for providing a grant 
to fund this study namely the PDP (Beginner Lecturer Research) scheme. 
The author also thanks the therapists and participants involved in the 
present study.

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