26-35 Al-Khwarizmi Engineering Journal,Vol. 12, No. 1, P.P. Experimental Study of the Effect of Condenser Tubes Distribution for Department of (Received Abstract The performance of a condenser in a domestic refrigerator design consisted of number of loops as elliptical shape was conducted with a refrigerator designed to work with HFC liters of water). In particular, the effects of shape change of the condenser were very important in heat transfer enhancement and reduce of the frictional loss as shown that compressor work decreases with elliptical condenser consumption decreases also. The performance of household refrigerator with was better than that of the conventional instead of the conventional air cooled condenser in a domestic refrigeration system. Keywords: Household Refrigerator, No 1. Introduction A refrigerator condenser is one of the main operational components that make up the cooling system on a standard refrigerator. Wire on tube heat exchanger has been used in refrigerating and air-conditioning systems for many decades. Conventional condenser consists of a steel tube bended into a single passage serpentine shape, with wires spot welded perpendicular on both sides. Condensers may be assembled with tubes in a vertical or horizontal position and the air movement can be forced or natural. thermal performances of various kinds of wire on tube heat exchanger have been reported by many research works. The report of Witzell and Fontaine [1] studied condenser, got correction for condenser, and concluded that any additional of wire on the external surface of condenser did not increase the rate of heat transfer from condenser. Kirshbaum and Cha [2] modified program developed previously to optimize condenser size with respect to surface Khwarizmi Engineering Journal,Vol. 12, No. 1, P.P. 26- 35 (2016) Experimental Study of the Effect of Condenser Tubes Distribution for Domestic Refrigerator Dheya Ghanim Mutasher of Mechanical Engineering / University of Technology Email: dheya_ghanim@yahoo.com (Received 21 May 2015; accepted 3 November 2015) condenser in a domestic refrigerator system without wires and a condenser number of loops as elliptical shape is investigated experimentally in this work rator designed to work with HFC134a, under no load and with loads of water). In particular, the effects of shape change of the condenser were very important in heat transfer the frictional loss as a result of reducing the pressure drop in the condenser. The results decreases with elliptical condenser about (8.6% to 11.3%) performance of household refrigerator with an elliptical condenser without fins conventional condenser without fins. Therefore, the elliptical condenser can cooled condenser in a domestic refrigeration system. Refrigerator, No Wires Tube Conventional Condenser, Elliptical Condenser, Heat Transfer is one of the main components that make up the on a standard refrigerator. Wire on tube heat exchanger has been used in conditioning systems for many decades. Conventional condenser consists of a steel tube bended into a single- passage serpentine shape, with wires spot endicular on both sides. Condensers may be assembled with tubes in a vertical or horizontal position and the air movement can be forced or natural. The thermal performances of various kinds of wire on tube heat exchanger have been reported by The report of Witzell studied condenser, got a correction for condenser, and concluded that any additional of wire on the external surface of condenser did not increase the rate of heat Kirshbaum and Chato modified program developed previously to optimize condenser size with respect to surface area. Also developed a new method of modeling, pipe bends incorporating a new pressure drop correlation. Lee et al. [3 presented experiments to obtain the cor on the air-side heat transfer coefficient of a single layer wire-on-tube heat exc Wilson et al. [4] investigated experimentally the effect of tube profile change from round to flat shape on condensation heat transfer coefficient. Melo et experimentally the effects of the gaps between the refrigerator and the back, side and bottom walls of the test section. The results proved that the condenser performance is strongly affected by its position in relation to the adjacent surfaces. Choi et al. [6] introduced the new design wire woven heat exchanger using small tube diameter. Ahmed and Hayder [7] introduced the present modeling of wire and tube condensers that commonly used in vapour compression cycle based on domestic refrigeration. The modeling results showed the effect of mass flow rate, pressure, refrigerant temperature and ambient temperature on the Al-Khwarizmi Engineering Journal (2016) Experimental Study of the Effect of Condenser Tubes Distribution University of Technology a condenser with a novel is investigated experimentally in this work. The experiment 134a, under no load and with loads of (1.5,3 and 12 of water). In particular, the effects of shape change of the condenser were very important in heat transfer he condenser. The results about (8.6% to 11.3%), and then the power lliptical condenser without fins elliptical condenser can be used ondenser, Heat Transfer area. Also developed a new method of pipe bends incorporating a new pressure drop correlation. Lee et al. [3] presented experiments to obtain the correlation side heat transfer coefficient of a tube heat exchanger. investigated experimentally effect of tube profile change from round to flat shape on condensation heat transfer al. [5] studied experimentally the effects of the gaps between the refrigerator and the back, side and bottom walls of the test section. The results proved that the condenser performance is strongly affected by its position in relation to the adjacent Choi et al. [6] introduced the new re woven heat exchanger using small Ahmed and Hayder [7] introduced the present modeling of wire and tube condensers that commonly used in a vapour compression cycle based on domestic refrigeration. The modeling results showed the effect of mass flow rate, pressure, refrigerant temperature and ambient temperature on the Dheya Ghanim Mutasher Al-Khwarizmi Engineering Journal, Vol. 12, No. 1, P.P. 26- 35(2016) 27 performance of condenser. Gupta et al. [8] used a method such as tilting of the condenser tube with respect to the horizontal and calculating the heat transfer rate and the amount of heat transfer increased by providing some angle of inclination from the horizontal. They observed with use of convergent divergent construction of the condenser can enhance the heat transfer rate. Sahu et al. [9] presented an experimental analysis of domestic refrigeration system by using wire-on-tube condenser with different spacing of wire also with different operating parameters like heat transfer rate, condenser pressure and condenser temperature. However, all of the previous work used wire -on- tube heat exchanger, solid metal wire as an extended surface. An improvement in the efficiency of household refrigeration systems contributes significantly to a reduction in the world consumption of energy and also to a reduction in the global warming. Improving heat transfer effectiveness or/and controlling pressure losses requires novel techniques to develop systems of progressively higher heat transfer performance. In the present paper, condenser tube is arranged in elliptical shape without fins with natural air movement will be considered. There is working fluid such as refrigerant flowing inside the tube, while the ambient air is directed across the outside surface of the tube panel and compared with conventional no wires tube condenser. The thermal characteristics of a newly-designed and the no wire tube heat exchanger have been investigated. 2. Analysis The considered heat exchanger consists of a tube bent into a serpentine shape with wires symmetrically welded to both sides in a direction normal to the tubes were cut and removed from the condenser, as shown in figure (1a). From the heat transfer point of view, the exchanger is assumed to be made up of a multiplicity of horizontal tubes. First, the pipe bend pressure drop occurs in conventional condenser causing the frictional pressure drop. In this study, the new design by taking the elliptical condenser instead of no-wire tube condenser has been presented. When the compressor provides the vapor of refrigerant with high pressure and temperature to the condenser, the vapor of refrigerant starts up and down with a first loop from the outer to the inner and continues rotating moving in the rest of the loops and finally delivers the flow to the capillary tube. However, for a better understanding of the work on the new model of condenser, see the figure (1b). Heat transfer rate at evaporator or refrigeration capacity, Qe is given by: QE = m (h1− h4) …(1) Where, m is the refrigerant mass flow rate in kg/s, h1 and h4 are the specific enthalpies (kJ/kg) at the exit and inlet to the evaporator, respectively. (h1−h4) is known as specific refrigeration effect or simply refrigeration effect, which is equal to the heat transferred at the evaporator per kilogram of refrigerant. Power input to the compressor or work of compression WC is given by: WC = m (h2 − h1) … (2) Where, h2 and h1 are the specific enthalpies (kJ/kg) at the exit and inlet to the compressor, respectively. (h2 − h1) is known as specific work of compression, which is equal to the work input to the compressor per kilogram of refrigerant. Heat transfer rate at condenser, QC is given by: QC =m(h2 − h3) …(3) Where, h3 and h2 are the specific enthalpies (kJ/kg) at the exit and inlet to the condenser, respectively. For the isenthalpic expansion process, h=Const. is given by: h3=h4 …(4) The exit condition of the expansion device lies in the two-phase region, hence applying the definition of quality (or dryness fraction), we can write: h4 = (1 − x4) hf,e + (x4*hg,e) = hf +(x4*hfg ) …(5) For mass flow rate, [m] is given by: Measurement of the electrical energy input, E allows the mass flow rate to be determined from the simple relationship: E – H = ( hout - hin ) * m …(6) Where h are the enthalpy values, per unit mass of the refrigerant. These values are known from the temperature and pressure measurements through the inlet and outlet of the compressor. The heat loss H, expressed as a percentage of E, is between 5 and 7% for most compressor types. The coefficient of performance, [C.O.P] is given by: C.O.P = QE / WC …(7) Dheya Ghanim Mutasher Al-Khwarizmi Engineering Journal, Vol. 12, No. 1, P.P. 26- 35(2016) 28 Fig. 1(a). Schematic of No-Wire Tube Type (b) Elliptical Type Condenser. 3. Experimental Setup The system was manufactured as elliptical shape condenser instead of conventional condenser without wires. The experimental setup of the test unit and apparatus is shown in Figure 2. The refrigerator specifications are given in Table 1. Table 1, Refrigerator Specifications. Model -TETN1600 Concord Voltage, current and frequency 220V , 0.8A and 50Hz Gross capacity 190L Compressor type Hermetic, HYE69YG, Hi Tech, 1PH, R134a HUAYI Compressor Co.LTD. Refrigerant HFC134a Charged mass 140g No of door 2 Condenser Types No Wire Tube Condenser and Elliptical Condenser Tube material Steel Length of tube for both type 19.25m Diameter of the tube 4mm Distance between the tube (pitch) 35mm Fig. 2. Experimental Setup of the Investigation Unit and Apparatus. 3.1. Experimental Procedure Schematic diagram of the experimental apparatus is shown in Figure (3a and b). The domestic refrigerator consists of an evaporator, elliptical air-cooled condenser and hermetically sealed reciprocating compressor. The refrigerator was instrumented with one low pressure gauge (LPG) type P&M located at the inlet of the compressor for measuring the suction pressure reads from - 30cm Hg to 18 kg/cm2. High pressure gauge (HPG) reads from 0 to 35kg/cm2, two located at compressor and condenser outlet. Eight K-type calibrating thermocouples of 2m length (each) were used for local surface temperatures and connected to data logger. The TC-08 from Pico, England with 8 channels thermocouples measurements units, which can measure and record temperatures ranging from –270°C to +1820°C. PicoLog is a powerful and flexible data acquisition program designed for collecting, analyzing, and displaying data over long or short periods of time. As per the refrigerator manufacturer recommendation, quantity of the required charge for HFC134a is Vacuum Pump Data Logger Charging System Condenser Inlet Pressure Suction Pressure Condenser Outlet Pressure Digital Thermometer Energy Meter Thermocouple Dheya Ghanim Mutasher Al-Khwarizmi Engineering Journal, Vol. 12, No. 1, P.P. 26- 35(2016) 29 140g. In the experiment, refrigerant charge is 10% higher due to the presence of instruments and connecting lines. An experimental system was evacuated with the help of a vacuum pump to remove the moisture and charged with the aid of the charging system. During the experiment, the ambient temperature was 29 ± 2oC. The experimental procedures were repeated, and the readings from the various modes were taken. Service port was installed at the compressor inlet for charging and discharging the refrigerant. The experiment was conducted on the domestic refrigerator at four load conditions namely, (no load, 1.5, 3 and 12 litter of water put in the freezer compartment). At each load condition, the temperature and pressure at salient points were noted down for one second interval, recorded by the data logger connected to the laptop. The experiment was done until steady state conditions were attained in most the temperatures down. The energy consumption of the system was measured by using Plug-In Mains Power and Energy Monitor (Model 2000MU includes 7 precision digital meter) and the LCD display shows all meter readings which include Volt, Current, Watt, Frequency, Power Factor, and Volt ampere (VA), it starts to accumulate kilowatt hour (KWH) and its duration time (hour) after power on. The typical accuracy for voltage is in the range of 190V- 250V; and for current is in the range of 0.2A- 15A. The input volt to the compressor is regulating by Fridge Stabilizer upto 300 Ltrs. (165-280 V) (2 Amp.). The performance of the refrigerator with conventional condenser without fins and of the elliptical condenser is evaluated then the test results of two types were compared Fig. 3a. Schematic Diagram of the Investigation Unit and Apparatus. P1, P2, P3, Pressure Gauges. T1 to T8, Thermocouples. T1: Compressor Outlet Temp. T2: Condenser Outlet Temp. T3: Evaporator Outlet Temp. T4: Freezer Compartment Temp. T5: Food Compartment Temp. T6: Upper Condenser Temp. T7: Middle Condenser Temp. T8: Lower Condenser Temp. Capillary Tube T2 Compressor Stabilizer Energy meter P1 T4 T6 T7 T5 T8 T3 T1 Data logger Laptop HP Pavilion P3 P2 E llip tical C on d en ser Evaporator Dheya Ghanim Mutasher Al-Khwarizmi Engineering Journal, Vol. 12, No. 1, P.P. 26- 35(2016) 30 (a) (b) Fig. 3b.(a) Shows the process path on a pressure–enthalpy (P– h) diagram, and (b)shows a schematic diagram of the process equipment. 4. Results and Discussions Figure 4. gives the comparison of the temperature at the inlet and outlet of the condenser for two types of conventional and elliptical condensers with steady state condition. For all load conditions, the outlet temperature from the compressor (T1) was greater for the conventional condenser without fins than elliptical condenser because the condenser inlet pressure was higher for conventional condenser than that for elliptical one. Also the work done by the compressor is decreased with elliptical condenser, and then the power consumption also decreases. This figure shows that the temperature difference about the elliptical condenser is smaller than the conventional one. Load (Litter) 0.0 1.5 3.0 4.5 6.0 7.5 9.0 10.5 12.0 T em pe ra tu re ( o C ) 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 T1 Conventional T2 Conventional T1 Elliptical T2 Elliptical Fig. 4. Variation the Inlet and Outlet Temperature of the Condenser with Load. Figure 5. shows that for all load conditions, the average temperature of the condenser was greater for the conventional condenser without fins than elliptical condensers at steady state condition. This is due to the pressure drop for conventional condenser was higher than that for the elliptical condenser, then increasing the frictional losses as a result of elbow of the conventional condenser. Also the work done by the compressor increases with conventional condenser without fins, and then the power consumption also increases. These results confirmed that the performance of household refrigerator with elliptical condenser was better than that of the conventional condenser. 0.0 1.5 3.0 4.5 6.0 7.5 9.0 10.5 12.0 T av g. ( o C ) 38 40 42 44 46 48 Conventional Elliptical Load (Litter) Fig. 5. Variation of the Average Temperature at the Surface of the Condenser (T6,T7 and T8) with Load. Figure 6. (a,b,c and d) reveals a comparison of the transient temperature at the inlet and outlet of the condenser for conventional and elliptical condensers. For all load conditions, the temperature difference through the elliptical Condenser Evaporator Capillary Tube Compressor 1 2 4 3 Pcond. Pevap. Enthalpy Pressure 3 1 2 4 Dheya Ghanim Mutasher Al-Khwarizmi Engineering Journal, Vol. 12, No. 1, P.P. 26- 35(2016) 31 condenser was less than the conventional condenser without fins. This is contributed to developed turbulences inside the rotating flows in the tube and increasing the velocity of the flow as a result of changing the shape of the condenser to elliptical that resulted in the increase of the dissipation of heat. Figure 6. (e,f,g and h) manifests the temperature at the surface of the condenser. For low load conditions, the surface temperature of the condenser at the upper, middle and lower (T6,T7 and T8) was converge for both types. At high load conditions, the surface temperature was nonuniform for the conventional condenser while in elliptical condenser, the temperature at these locations converge where flow characteristics are the same for each region of the condenser. This is ascribed to that the pressure drop through the condenser was low and that means the heat dissipation from the elliptical condenser was uniform. Without Load time (s) 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 T em pe ra tu re ( o C ) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 T1 Conventional T2 Conventional T1 Elliptical T2 Elliptical Without Load time (s) 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 T em pe ra tu re ( o C ) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 T6 Conventional T7 Conventional T8 Conventional T6 Elliptical T7 Elliptical T8 Elliptical (a) (e) 1.5 Litter time (s) 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 T em p er at ur e (o C ) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 T1 Conventional T2 Conventional T1 Elliptical T2 Elliptical 1.5 Litter time (s) 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 T em pe ra tu re ( o C ) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 T6 Conventional T7 Conventional T8 Conventional T6 Elliptical T7 Elliptical T8 Elliptical (b) (f) 3 Litter time (s) 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 T em pe ra tu re ( o C ) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 T1 Conventional T2 Conventional T1 Elliptical T2 Elliptical 3 Litter time (s) 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 T em pe ra tu re ( o C ) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 T6 Conventional T7 Conventional T8 Conventional T6 Elliptical T7 Elliptical T8 Elliptical (c) (g) Dheya Ghanim Mutasher Al-Khwarizmi Engineering Journal, Vol. 12, No. 1, P.P. 26- 35(2016) 32 12 Litter time (s) 0 5000 10000 15000 20000 T em pe ra tu re ( o C ) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 T1 Conventional T2 Conventional T1 Elliptical T2 Elliptical 12 Litter time (s) 0 5000 10000 15000 20000 T em p er at ur e (o C ) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 T6 Conventional T7 Conventional T8 Conventional T6 Elliptical T7 Elliptical T8 Elliptical (d) (h) Fig. 6. (a, b, c and d) the variation of temperature with time for inle and outlet of the condenser and (e, f, g and h) the Variation of the Average Temperature at the Surface of the Condenser (T6,T7 and T8) with all loads. Figure 7. (a) and (b) illustrates the comparison of the current and pressure for two types of condensers at a steady state condition . For all load conditions, the current was low for the elliptical condenser compared to the conventional condenser without fins. That is owing to the decrease of load on the compressor as a result of easily rotating flow in the elliptical condenser. Also, the pressure drop for elliptical was less than that for the conventional condenser, due to the decrease of frictional losses as a result of improving the shape of condenser, where can rotate the flow without restriction to the flow in the elliptical condenser. Load (Litter) 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 C ur re nt ( A m p) 0.46 0.48 0.50 0.52 0.54 0.56 0.58 0.60 0.62 0.64 Conventional Elliptical Load (Litter) 0.0 1.5 3.0 4.5 6.0 7.5 9.0 10.5 12.0 13.5 P re ss ur e D ro p (b ar ) 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 Conventional Elliptical (a) (b) Fig. 7. (a) variation of the current and (b) the pressure drop with all load. Figure 8. (a) and (b) shows that the coefficient of performance was higher for the elliptical condenser compared to the conventional one. Also, the compressor work with elliptical condenser was lower than that of conventional condenser. That is because of easily rotating flows in the elliptical condenser which can reduce the load on the compressor. Dheya Ghanim Mutasher Al-Khwarizmi Engineering Journal, Vol. 12, No. 1, P.P. 26- 35(2016) 33 Load (Litter) 0.0 1.5 3.0 4.5 6.0 7.5 9.0 10.5 12.0 C .O .P 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 Conventional Condenser Elliptical Condenser Load (Litter) 0.0 1.5 3.0 4.5 6.0 7.5 9.0 10.5 12.0 C om p re ss or W o rk ( W at t) 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 Conventional Condenser Elliptical Condenser (a) (b) Fig. 8 (a) variation the coefficient of performance and (b) the compressor work with all load. 5. Conclusions Based on the previous discussion of the obtained results the following conclusions can be extracted. 1- The work done by the compressor decreases about (8.6% to 11.3%) with elliptical condenser and then the power consumption also decreases. 2- 2- The temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of the condenser is smaller for elliptical condenser than the conventional one. 3- Developed turbulences inside the rotating flows in the tube and the increasing of velocity of the flow occurred as a result of changing the shape of the condenser to elliptical that resulted in the increase the dissipation of heat. 4- The pressure drop through the elliptical condenser was about (0.35 bar) while in the conventional one was about (0.68 bar). 5- The heat dissipation from the elliptical condenser was uniform. 6- Decreases of frictional losses caused as a results of improving shape of the condenser, where can rotate the flow without restriction to the flow in the elliptical condenser. 7- The coefficient of performance increases about (4.5% to 11.33%) with elliptical condenser respect to the conventional condenser without fins. 8- The performance of household refrigerator with elliptical condenser was better than that of the conventional condenser without fins. 6. References [1] O.W.Witzell,W.E.Fontaine,What are the heat transfer characteristics of wire and tube condensers .Refrigerating Engineering, Vol. 65, (1957), pp 33–37. [2] D.J.Kirshbaum and J. C. Chato, optimized design of refrigerant condensers .Air conditioning and refrigeration center, University of Illinois. , Vol. 217, (1996), pp 333–3115. [3] T.H.Lee, J.Y.Yun, J.S.Lee,J.J.Park,K.S. Lee, Determination of air side heat transfer coefficient on wire-on-tube type heat exchanger, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 44, (2001), pp 1767–1776. [4] M. J. Wilson, T. A. Newell, J. C. Chato, C. A. Ferreira: Refrigerant charge, pressure drop, and condensation heat transfer in flatted tubes, in Int. J. Refrigeration, Vol. 26, (2003), pp 442– 451. [5] C.Melo, C.Arsego, R.Maykot, Experimental Evaluation of Wire and Tube Condensers:Confining Walls Effects, International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference, R077, (2004), pp 1–8. [6] S.H. Choi, W.H. Cho, J.W. Kim, J.S. Kim, A study on the development of wire woven heat exchanger using small diameter tubes, Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science , Vol. 28, (2004), pp 153–158. [7] A.A. Imran, H.M. Jafal, Numerical Modeling of Wire and Tube Condenser Dheya Ghanim Mutasher Al-Khwarizmi Engineering Journal, Vol. 12, No. 1, P.P. 26- 35(2016) 34 Used in Domestic Refrigerators, Journal of Engineering and Development,Vol. 13, No. 2, June (2009), ISSN 1813-7822, pp 1–16. [8] R.M. Gupta, S. Singh, S. Srivastava, Performance Analysis and Calculation of Different Parameters of Condenser using Ansys Fluent Software, International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering and Management (IJAIEM), Vol. 2, Issue 7, ISSN 2319-4847, (2013), pp 529–534. [9] V. Sahu, P.Tiwari, K. K. Jain, A.Tiwari, Experimental Investigation of the Refrigerator Condenser by Varying the Fins Spacing of the Condenser, International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Robotics (IJMER), ISSN 2321-5747, Vol.1, (2013), pp 9–12. )2016( 26- 35، ! �� 1، ا���د�12ا������� ا������� ا���ارز� � ���ء ��� ���� 35 1�� "�ز&0 ا��/�. ا��-+, �+*(� ��)���'درا�� "��&%�� $�# " ���ء ��� ���� �����������'&��/ %$# ا�"! �� ا'!�(�ا�+�*(� ا Dheya_ghanim@yahoo.com ,-.�: ا1��)-و�/ ا ا��*!� ��45 اداء���# & , ,)�'ن *E D د *D ا��BC7ت >@�? >�<'ي >67 ;+-,.�� :/ ھ8ا ا�.67 اG; H* 45�*ك وJ�ون ا < ���K!��. :/ ��Mم ا�J5&� ا H* ?�)C� ���G* �&JN OCE ?�); P��Q رب�+(���ل *)�U-ة ). HFC 134a(اWا P7;و ) ?�W ء ١٢، ٣، ١.٥، > ون���و>@�? _�ص ). ��)- *D ا �` -��U; -�N�; ك��(W1ا -a�$_ ?�CB;7-ارة و���45 *"# & ا :/ ;D�$7 ا�)�Bل ا���bcd'<45 ? ا��)�CB? ا�".'ط >�� ون ز4��Eا��.-دة . ��45 ا�.�<'ي > ون ز4��E ا: DE 1 ا���D ا�)o ام ا, m�8� ���K!���"'اء :/ ��Mم ا�J5&� ا�<.