(Microsoft Word - \321\355\307\326 \332\317\344\307\344 10- 22)

Al-Khwarizmi

Engineering
Journal

Al-Khwarizmi Engineering Journal, Vol. 15, No. 1, March, (2019)

P.P. 10- 22

Design and Simulation of Closed Loop Proportional Integral (PI)

Controlled Boost Converter and 3-phase Inverter for Photovoltaic

(PV) Applications

Riadh Adnan Kadhim
Department of Electromechanical Engineering/ University of Technology

Email: alazizdl@gmail.com

(Received 17 April 2018; accepted 14 June 2018)

https://doi.org/10.22153/kej.2019.06.001

Abstract

This research deals with the design and simulation of a solar power system consisting of a KC200GT solar panel,

a closed loop boost converter and a three phase inverter by using Matlab / Simulink. The mathematical equations of

the solar panel design are presented. The electrical characteristics of the panel are tested at the values of 1000

W/m� for light radiation and 25 °C for temperature environment. The Proportional Integral (PI) controller is
connected as feedback with the Boost converter to obtain a stable output voltage by reducing the oscillations in the

voltage to charge a battery connected to the output of the converter. Two methods (Particle Swarm Optimization

(PSO) and Zeigler- Nichols) are used for tuning PI controller to enhance the overall performance of the system. The

Sine Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) technique was used to obtain a pure 3-phase in low distortion. The voltage

and current output values of ± 14V and ± 2.8A are obtained, and the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) value is

4.20%.

Keywords: Photovoltaic systems, Boost converter, PI Controller, Inverter, PSO algorithm, Zeigler- Nichols method.

1. Introduction

Nowadays, photovoltaic (PV) panels are

widely used to convert the solar radiation into

electricity. The optimum operating point depends

on environment conditions such as cell

temperature and solar irradiation. K. K. and A. S.

Kumar [1] presented the modeling of

Photovoltaic system controlled by Maximum

Power Point Tracking (MPPT) technology. They

are focus on the design and simulation of PV

system connected to power inverter.

Matlab/Simulink results are obtained for

standard operating conditions. M. F. Adnan et al

[2] presented the design and simulation of a

Boost converter with Proportional Integral

Derivative (PID) controller to enhance the

performance of the system. The objective of a

Boost converter is to achieve a constant output

voltage despite variations in source voltage. U.

Jagadeesh and K, L. Achari [3] presented model

of a buck-boost converter for Photo-Voltaic

applications. They used Perturbation and

Observation (P&O) method to achieve maximum

power point. K.K.Saravananet al. [4] presented

the use 3-phase inverter to give higher reliability.

The proposed Current Source Inverter (CSI)

removes the earth leakage current, then

increasing the efficiency. Y. V. Dhotre and

Ponkshe V.S. [5] present open loop and closed

loop controlled systems by using Matlab

software. PID controller is used to reduce the

oscillations in output voltage. The system used a

Boost Converter to achieve fast response and

reduce the hardware. K.Umadevi et al [6]

presented the simulation of a PV system using

Matlab. SPWM technique is used to control the

operation of inverter, and PSIM (a simulation

tool designed for power electronics and dynamic

systems) software is used for converter topology.

A. A. Bakar et al [7] presented the design of

PI controller for a boost converter using Real

Riadh Adnan Kadhim Al-Khwarizmi Engineering Journal, Vol. 15, No. 1, P.P. 10- 22 (2019)

Time Interface (RTI) to achieve faster transient

response which can be observed by using

dSPACE RTI (an open source repository

software package). G. Mühürcü et al [8]

presented the design of Buck Converter which

was added to discrete time PI controller. The

efficiency of control process is maintained at

high level by optimizing the proportional gain

(��) and integral gain (��) in PSO algorithm.
M. Dave and S. R. Vyas [9] presented the

modeling and simulation of solar inverter by

using Matlab software. SPWM technique is used

for the switching operation to reduce the

harmonics in the output. A. M.Thu and K. S.

Lwin [10] presented a method to build a pure

sine wave inverter system which used

operational amplifier, DC-DC converter and

power MOSFETS. The Pulse Width Modulation

(PWM) signal is produced by using the TL 084

and LM 339 Integrated Circuits. S. Rout [11]

presented the implementation of PV Model

hardware by using the Matlab/Simulink

software. The P&O algorithm for MPPT control

is simulated in the MATLAB/Simulink software.

The design of converter is also presented. P.

Aravind and S.M.G. Kumar [12] proposed an

application of PSO to set the PI controller for

nonlinear process. The tuning values of the

controller are tested in level control system.

They prove that PSO-PI controller yield good

results than gain scheduling method.This paper

presents the design and Simulation of a PV

power system consist of solar panel type

KC200GT, DC-DC boost converter for

interface between PV panel and 3-phase

inverter. The PI controller is used to regulate

output voltage of Boost converter to get the

fast transient response by adjusting the value

of proportional gain ( �� ) and integral gain ( �� ) accordingly. The sinusoidal ac output
voltage is achieved by inverted Boost

converter voltage via inverter by using

SPWM technique which gives a pure sine

wave with low THD.

2. System Design

The block diagram of the proposed system

design is shown in fig. 1. KC200GT Solar panel

is used for PV module. The Boost DC-DC

converter with PI controller is used to adjust the

output voltage. The output of battery is fed to 3-

phase voltage source inverter. The filter is used

to achieve a pure sine wave.

Fig. 1. The proposed system design.

3. PV Cell

The main part of PV module is a PV cell.

There are different types of PV module

depending on the cells compose the module

itself. Silicon Single-diode PV cells is applicable

to simulate in this paper. The PV model consists

of a photocurrent source, series resistance,

nonlinear diode and shunt resistance as shown in

Fig. 2[13].

Fig. 2. PV cell model.

The main parameters that characterize a

photovoltaic panel are open circuit voltage (
� ),
short circuit current (�
�), maximum power point
(����) and efficiency (�)[14].The mathematic
equation for the voltage and current can be

described as [13]:

I � I�� � I� �exp ��� !"#$% & ' ( � 1* � � !"#$#$+ * … (1)
where: ��, is photocurrent; �
is diode

saturation current; - is electron charge (1.602 ×
10-19 C; . is PN junction ideality factor; / is
Boltzmann’s constant (1.381 × 10-23); 0 is cell
temperature.

Photocurrent ( I�� ) is the function of cell
temperature and solar radiation can be described

as:

I�� � � 11234* 5I��.789 : C'�T � T789=> … (2)
where: ? is the real solar radiation (W/m2); ?@AB
, 0@AB , ��,,@AB are the solar radiation, cell

Riadh Adnan Kadhim Al-Khwarizmi Engineering Journal, Vol. 15, No. 1, P.P. 10- 22 (2019)

absolute temperature, photocurrent respectively

in STC; DE is the temperature coefficient (A/K).
Diode saturation current �
varies with the cell
temperature as:

�
� �
FGH I J EEKLMN
O I GPQ RSITUVIW I J XEKLM �

X
ENY

… (3)

where: �
,@AB the diode saturation current (A) ; Z[ is the band-gap of the cell semiconductor
(eV).

PV panel is composed of cells tied in parallel

and series. The equivalent circuit of PV array

can be described as illustrated in Fig. 3[13].

Fig. 3. PV model.

Based on the equivalent circuit of a PV

module, its characteristic equation is given as

follows [15]

I � N�I�� � N� I I� I ]exp ^ �%I_I' J `$ :
"I#$

`a Nb � 1c �
`a
#$+ J

`$ :

"I#$
`a N … (4)

where: d
and d� are series and parallel cell
numbers respectively.

Matlab/Simulink is used to implement the

mathematical equation (4), as shown in the fig.

4. The parameters used in Simulink are listed in

Table 1[15].

Fig. 4. Simulink Model of PV cell in MATLAB.

Table 1,

KC200GT parameters values for solar module at

1000 W/m2 W/m2, 25°C.

Value Parameter
1000 W/m� G789
298 K T789
24 N�
8.21 A I�h
32.9 V Vjh
7.61 A Ik
26.3 V Vk
0.0009 A/K Kl
-0.123 V/K Km
1.237 eV Eo
0.221 Ω R�
415.3 Ω R��
1.35 A

4. Boost DC-DC Converter

The DC-DC boost converter is a switching

step up converter. Fig.5 shows the electronic

circuit of the converter [16].

Fig. 5. Boost Converter Circuit.

V_I

Top

Repeating
Sequence

Product

P_V

Top

Vpv1

Vpv

Ipv

P
G

1000

Workspace_Ipv

Ipv

Workspace_Vpv

Vpv

Workspace_Ppv

Ppv

Riadh Adnan Kadhim Al-Khwarizmi Engineering Journal, Vol. 15, No. 1, P.P. 10- 22 (2019)

There are two modes of operation the Boost

converter. Mode 1 begins at r � 0 and ends
at r � r
t when the transistor is switched ON.
The inductor current uv�w= increased linearly and
the voltage measured on the inductor is � .
When the transistor switched OFF, Mode 2 is

begin at r � r
t and ends at r � r
. The uv�w=
decrease until the transistor is turned ON to

begin the next cycle. In this period, the voltage

across the inductor is become � �
. In
steady state, time integral of the inductor voltage

over one time period must be zero as follows

[16]:

Vl tjy : �Vl � Vj=tj99 � 0 … (5)
where, �: The input voltage,
: The average
output voltage, r
t : The switching ON time, r � r
BB : the switching OFF time.
Dividing both sides by 0
and rearranging
items yield.
z
{ �

'$
|z44 �

X
X}~ … �6=

where 0
,: The switching period, D : The duty
cycle.

Switch is triggered by the pulse which is

generated by PI controller using PWM

technique. � is the DC input voltage taken from
the PV module. When switch turns ON the

current of inductor is increases, and the

relationship between � and �
as following
[16]:

Vl � L �"$�| … (7)
Using Laplace Transformation,

Vl�s= � L s I��s= … (8)
From fig.5. , � can be given as: Vj�s= � I��s=R … (9)
From equation 8,
z��=
{��= �

#
�� … (10)

Equation (10) is the basic Laplace transformation

equation of the boost converter.

To calculate the capacitor and Inductor of the

converter, the following basic equations must be

used [6],

C � "z~9∆ z … (11)
L � { ~9 ∆"� … (12)
where: H is switching frequency and �
is
Output current.

5. Regulated Closed Loop Circuit

The battery in solar system is used to store

the power to fill the energy requirements at night

or during period of low solar irradiation. Battery

storage should be controlled to avoid

overcharging or frequent deep discharging.

Switch mode DC - DC converters permit the

charge current to be decreased continuously to

maintain the battery voltage at a defined value.

In open loop system, the output from PV panel is

the input of boost converter. The converter

output is not constant, and it's not appropriate for

battery charging. This is the disadvantage of the

system [5]. To overcome this problem, closed

loop system with PI controller as feedback is

used. The output of the PI controller is writing as

follows [17]:

�� �r= � /� �G�r= : X�� � G�r=�P
w

� � : ��� … (13)
where: �� �r= is controller output, �� is the
controller proportional gain, e(t) is the error

signal, �� the integral time constant, ��� is the
bias signal of the actuator.

The transfer function Gc(s) of the PI controller

can be writing as follows:

?� ��= � /� �1 : X��
� … (14)
In the present mode, the PI controller presents

the advantage of eliminating the deviation

between the output and the set point. The error

signal is generated by comparing ( @AB ) with
the battery output voltage. This error signal is

fed to PI controller which generates the control

signal for changing the time period for turn ON

and OFF to achieve the constant output voltage

(
). Fig. (6) Shows the block diagram of closed
loop Boost Converter. The principle of that is

when a load change, a new controller output is

produced, and the error is produced also. This

operation is repeated continuously and the

controller output is provided through a sum of

proportional plus integral action until the error

became zero.

Riadh Adnan Kadhim Al-Khwarizmi Engineering Journal, Vol. 15, No. 1, P.P. 10- 22 (2019)

Fig. 6. Block Diagram of closed loop Boost Converter.

6. Simulink of Closed Loop System

Fig.7 show the Simulink circuit of PV panel

connected to boost converter with PI controller

and battery to maintain constant output voltage.

Simulation studies is carried out by using

following data: L=2.2mH, C= 600 µ F.

Fig.7. Closed loop Simulink model.

7. Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO)

PSO algorithm is initialized with a number of

random particles with random distribution that is

assigned to random velocity. The particles are a

swarm moving in the search space looking for

optima by updating the particles positions during

the generations. Each particle moves in the

search space with an adaptive velocity and

adjusts its trajectory towards its best solution

(fitness) [18]. The fitness function is used to

determine the best fitting solution is achieved by

evaluates the performance of particles. All

possible sets of controller parameter values

are adjusted so as to minimize the error

criterion. The index parameters most often

used are [19]:

Integral of the Absolute Error (�.Z= �
� |G�r=|�� �r … (15)
Integral of the Square Error ���Z= �
� G ��� �r=�r … (16)
Integral of the Time -Weighted Absolute

Error ��0.Z= � � r|G�r=|�� �r … (17)
Mean Square Error ���Z= � � r G ��� �r=�r
…(18)

Where G�r= is the deviation (error) of the
response from the desired set point.

8. Ziegler-Nichols Method

In this method, the ultimate gain of a

proportional controller and the ultimate period of

oscillation are used to represent the dynamic

powergui

Discrete,
Ts = 5e-006

Vpv

Voltage 1

v
+
-

Vo
V.ref

V- Measurement

v
+
-

Scope6

Repeating
Sequence Repeating

Relational
Operator

>=
Pules

P_V

T op

Vpv 1

Ipv

PI Controller

Mosfet3

g
m

D
S

Mosfet2

g m

D S

Ipv

s -
+

1000

Diode

Battery

_
m

Add

Workspace_Vpv

Vpv

Workspace_Vo

Workspace_Pules

Pules

Battery
Boost

Converter

PI Controller

Riadh Adnan Kadhim Al-Khwarizmi Engineering Journal, Vol. 15, No. 1, P.P. 10- 22 (2019)

characteristic of the process. The following

procedure is used to determine the ultimate gain

and period:

The steps for tuning a PID controller as

follows:[20]:

1. Reduce the integrator and differentiator gains
to 0.

2. Increase Kp from 0 to some critical value
Kcr= Kp at which sustained oscillations

occur.

3. Record the value Kcr and the corresponding
period of sustained oscillation, Pcr

4. The controller gains are now specified as

follows:

Table 2,

Ziegler Nichols Method
�� �� �� PID type
0 ∞ 0.5��@ P
0 ��@

1.2
0.45��@ PI

��@
8

��@
2

0.6��@ PID

9. Power Part
9.1 Inverter Circuit

The main component of the power part is the

six power MOSFETs, six freewheeling diodes,

one with each MOSFET is used for the bypass of

back e.m.f. The schematic diagram of the power

part is shown in Fig.8[21]. When the generated

power is transmitted to the load, it is necessary to

use the inverters with three phase output.

Fig. 8. Schematic of power part of inverter.

9.2 Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation
(SPWM)

SPWM technique is used to generate AC

current with low harmonic distortion. The

multiple numbers of different widths pulses are

generated with this modulation technique.

Six switching pulses is generated from

discrete PWM generator. These pulses are used

for switching the MOSFET transistors in the

power stage. The reference signal frequency is

used to determine the inverter output, and the

speed of switching the inverter to determine ON

and OFF time period. Switching frequency

affects the output of the inverter that results the

harmonics on the output [2]. SPWM technique

is depending on comparing a high-frequency

carrier with a low-frequency sinusoidal signal.

The carrier has a constant period, this leads to

constant switching frequency. The instant of

switching is determined from the crossing of the

modulating signal and carrier.

9.3 LC Filter

The design of an electric system requirement

the reduction of the harmonic, therefore, a filter

connected to output is used for this purpose. This

filter topology is relatively easier to design and it

has substantially sophisticated damping behavior

(the value of inductance affected on cut-off

frequency, but the value of capacitance affected

on the output voltage quality) [21].

10. Total Harmonic Distortion (THD)

The harmonic content of a waveform is

measured by THD index which is applied to

either current or voltage. THD is the summation

of all the harmonic frequency currents to the

fundamental [22]. The THD can be calculated by

the following equation.

THD � £∑ ¥¦
§+̈©§

ª … (19)
where: n is the maximum harmonic order, h is

the harmonic order, and Vh is h amplitude.

11. Simulink of System Design

The basic components of the Simulink model

for the system are the PV cell represented by P-

V3, the DC-DC converter, inverter and LC filters

show in fig.9. The DC-DC converter model

consists of two static switch, two inductors (L1,

L2), Diode D, and capacitors (C3, C4). In DC-

AC inverter there are four MOSFET transistors

switches. LC filter is connected with the load to

maintain a constant output voltage decrease

output ripple

Riadh Adnan Kadhim Al-Khwarizmi Engineering Journal, Vol. 15, No. 1, P.P. 10- 22 (2019)

Fig. 9. Simulink model for the system Design.

12. Results and Discussion

Matlab/Simulink software are used for tested

the system. The simulation results of electric

characteristics of the PV module at temperature

of 25°C and irradiation of 1000 W/m2 are shown

in fig.10. The component values used in

simulation are «
=0.221Ω , «
,= 415.3Ω .
The results are
� 8.2 , �� � 250¬ .

(a)

(b)

Fig. 10. Electric characteristics of PV module.

A PV panel is connected to the step up

converter to increase the voltage from 20 V to

28V which is necessary to supply the inverter to

generate the required ac output voltage. The PV

voltage and current are shown in Fig. 11. The

voltage ( �) equal to 20 V and it is remain
stable after 0.2sec as shown in fig 11a. The

current is equal to 8.2A as shown in fig. 11b.

(a)

(b)

Fig. 11. Vpv and Ipv for PV panel.

powergui

Discrete,
Ts = 5e-006

Vpv

Voltage 4

v
+
-

Voltage 1

v
+
-

Vo2-Io2

Vo
V.ref

V- Measurement

v
+
- Three-Phase

V-I Measurement

Vabc

Iabc
A

Three-Phase
Series RLC Load

A B C

Scope6

SPWM

Repeating
Sequence Repeating

Relational
Operator

Pules

P_V

Top

Vpv1

Ipv

PWM

PI Controller

Mosfet3
g

D
S

Mosfet2

g m

D S

Load

A B C

L filter1

A
B
C

Ipv

s -
+

1000

Discrete
PWM Generator

Pulses

Diode

C filter 1

A B C

Battery

_
m

Add

g C
E

Workspace_Vpv

Vpv

Workspace_Vo2

Vo2

Workspace_Vo

Workspace_SPWM

SPWM

Workspace_Pules

Pules

Workspace_Io2

Io2

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
0

Volltage (V)

C
u
rr

e
n
t(
A

)

I-V Characteristic at T=25 c and G=1000 W/m2

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
0

100

150

200

250

Voltage (V)

P
o
w

e
r(

W
)

P-V Characteristic at T=25 c and G=1000 W /m2

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
0

Time(sec)

V
o

lt
a

g
e

(
V

)

Vpv (Voltage)

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8
1

Time(sec)

c
u
rr

e
n
t
(A

)

Ipv(Current)

Riadh Adnan Kadhim Al-Khwarizmi Engineering Journal, Vol. 15, No. 1, P.P. 10- 22 (2019)

There is some distortion from 0.0 sec to 0.2

sec, this distortion can be reduced by connect the

PV panel to DC-DC Boost converter which is

controlled by PI controller. Analysis of boost

converter is performed in continuous mode of

operation with switching 1 KHz. Switching pulse

generated from PI controller is used to control

the operation of Boost converter which is the

output voltage is 28V as shown in Fig. 12.This

output voltage is obtained at the ��= 0.001125
and ��= 0.092270.

Fig. 12. Converter output.

The parameters used in PSO algorithm is

listed in table (3). Dynamic performance analysis

of Boost converter with different types of

controller is shown in table (4). It is clear that the

advantage of PSO-PI algorithm is reducing of

settling time, Peak time and the steady state error

when compared with other three methods

(Ziegler-Nichols-PI(ZN-PI), Genetic Algorithm -

Fractional Order PI (GA-FOPI), Queen Bee

assist Genetic Algorithm(QBGA)-FOPI.

Table 3,

PSO parameters
Parameters Values

Population size 49

Numbers of iterations 50

Inertia weight(W) 0.9

Cognitive coefficient(DX) 0.9
Social coefficient(D�) 0.12

Table 4,

Dynamic performance analysis of Boost converter

Previous works(reference 23) Present works Specification

QBGA-FOPI GA-FOPI ZN-PI PSO-PI
0.065 0.218 0.85 0.3441 Rise time(s)

0.1098 0.3755 0 0 Peak time(s)

2.9883 0.3755 0.95 0.7028 Setting time(s)

0.3685 0.2824 0.00765 0.001125 ��
34.0936 10.2315 0.04172 0.092270 ��
0.15 -0.43 0.2158 0.102 ��Z

The typical discharge characteristics of nickel

cadmium battery can be separated into three

areas as shown in fig.13. The first area is the area

above the nominal value that represents the

overshoot of battery voltage. The voltage is

slightly changed in the nominal area which

represents the second area. When the nominal

capacity of battery power is discharged, it is

followed by the third area of operation in which

the battery voltage decreases very fast.

Fig. 13. Battery charging current.

0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25
0

Time (sec)

V
o

lt
a

g
e

(V
)

Vo (converter)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Nominal Current Discharge Characteristic at 0.2C (1.4A)

Time (hours)

V
o

lt
a

g
e

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
20

E0 = 25.695, R = 0.085714, K = 0.37501, A = 2.88, B = 2.1429

Time (hours)

V
o

lt
a

g
e

Discharge curve

Nominal area

Exponential area

Riadh Adnan Kadhim Al-Khwarizmi Engineering Journal, Vol. 15, No. 1, P.P. 10- 22 (2019)

Fig.14 shows the switching signals (S1, S2,

S3, S4, S5, and S6) used to drive the MOSFET

transistors to regulate the inverter output voltage.

It is SPWM signals. The characteristic of SPWM

generator used in the Simulink design as follows:

Modulation index= 0.8; Carrier frequency=1080;
f=50Hz; Phase difference=120.

The non-sinusoidal output signal which

comes from the inverter is connected after the

DC converter. The DC output voltage from the

inverter is converted to AC. The value of the

output voltage is 28V in square wave. This is

illustrated in fig.15.

Fig. 14. Switching Signals.

Fig. 15. Outputs from inverter voltage before filters.

The voltage and current injected into load.

The sinusoidal output which comes from the

inverter is connected with the filter. The

elimination of the harmonic components from

the output for the supply to the local load is

achieved by the capacitor in the filter circuits as

illustrated in fig.16. As it can be seen, the

voltage and current are in phase which means the

whole system operates at unity power factor with

no reactive power exchange. Fig.17 shows the

THD curve. The percentage value of THD is

4.20%.

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
-2

-1

2
S1

Time(sec)

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
-2

-1

2
S3

Time(sec)

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
-2

-1

2
S5

Time(sec)

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
-2

-1

2
S2

Time(sec)

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
-2

-1

2
S4

Time(sec)

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
-2

-1

2
S6

Time(sec)

0 0.2 0.4 0.6
-30

-20

-10

30
SPWM

Time(sec)

V
o
lt
a
g
e
(V

)

Riadh Adnan Kadhim Al-Khwarizmi Engineering Journal, Vol. 15, No. 1, P.P. 10- 22 (2019)

(a): Load voltage

(b): Load current

Fig. 16 (a) Load Voltage, (b) Load current.

Fig. 17. THD window.

13. Conclusion

A complete Matlab/Simulink of PV module

and closed loop Boost converter connected to 3-

phase inverter are carried. The electrical

characteristics (P-V and I-V curves) are achieved

for KC200GT solar module. The output voltage

of PV module is equal to 8.2 , and the
maximum power �� is equal to 250W. The
oscillation in output voltage is reduced by

connect a PI controller as a feedback in dc-dc

converter. The boost converter increases the

voltage from 20V to 28V. Particle Swarm

Optimization (PSO) and Zeigler Nichols method

are used for tuning PI controller. The response of

PSO gives a better performance as compared to

Ziegler and Nichols methods which helps to

overcome the problem of overshoot & settling

time. SPWM technique is used with inverter to

generate sinusoidal voltage and current with low

harmonic distortion. The output voltage and

current obtained are ±14V and ±2.8A

respectively, and their signals are in phase with

percentage value of THD is 4.20%.

14. References

[1] K. Kirubasankar, A. Senthil Kumar, "Inverter

Power Stage Connected with PV-Grid",

Circuits and Systems, Vol.7 Issue 13, pp.

4113-4123, 2016.

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5
-20

-15

-10

-5

Time(sec)

V
o
lt
a
g
e
(V

)

Vo 3-phase ( Inverter)

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5
-4

-3

-2

-1

Time(sec)

C
u
rr
e
n
t(
A
)

Io 3-phase(Inverter)

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1

-10

Selected signal: 100 cycles. FFT window (in red): 4 cycles

Time (s)

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
0

Frequency (Hz)

Fundamental (50Hz) = 13.37 , THD= 4.20%

M
a
g
(
%

o
f
F
u
n
d
a
m

e
n
ta

Riadh Adnan Kadhim Al-Khwarizmi Engineering Journal, Vol. 15, No. 1, P.P. 10- 22 (2019)

[2] Mirza Fuad Adnan, Mohammad Abdul Moin
Oninda, Mirza Muntasir Nishat, Nafiul

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[7] A. A. Bakar, W. M. Utomo, T. Taufik, S.
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[8] Gülçin Mühürcü, Ercan Kose, Aydin
Muhurcu, Ali Kuyumcu," Parameter

Optimization of PI Controller by PSO for

Optimal Controlling of a Buck Converter's

Output", IEEE, DOI:

10.1109/IDAP.2017.8090234, 2017

[9] Maulik Dave, Sanjay R. Vyas," Simulation
and Modeling of Single Phase DC-DC

Converter of Solar Inverter", International

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Dec.pp.2225-2230, 2015.

[10] Aye Myat Thu, Kyaw Soe Lwin," Design
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1293-1297, May. 2014.

[11] Smitanjali Rout," Mathematical Modelling
of Grid Connected Photovoltaic System

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(ETCC 2015).

[12] P.Aravind, S.M.GirirajKumar," Optimal
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in Electrical,Electronics and

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12,pp 5949-5958, 2013

[13] E. Benkhelil and A. Gherbi, "Modeling and
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– 306, 2012.

[14] Qais Mohammed Aish, "Temperature Effect
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No.2, pp.62-73, 2015.

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An Improved Numerical Approach for

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3742, 2015

[16] Mitulkumar R. Dave and K.C. Dave,"
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Using Genetic and Particle Swarm Based

On Optimization Algorithms", International

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Applications in Engineering, Vol.4, Issue 4,

pp. 145-149, 2016

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)2019( 10- 22، صفحة 1د، العد15دجلة الخوارزمي الهندسية المجلم رياض عدنان كاظم

وعاكس ثالثي الطور PIطة سادائرة مغلقة مسيطر عليه بو يذ Boostومحاكاة محول تصميم

للتطبيقات الضوئية

رياض عدنان كاظم
الجامعة التكنولوجية /قسم الهندسة الكهروميكانيكية

alazizdl@gmail.com :البريد االلكتروني

الخالصة

دائرة مغلقة وعاكس ثالثي يذ Boost، محول KC200GTمكونة من لوح شمسي نوع ومحاكاتها يتطرق البحث الى تصميم منظومة قدرة شمسية
تم اختبار الخصائص الكهربائية .. تم التطرق الى المعادالت الرياضية الخاصة بتصميم اللوح الشمسي Matlab/Simulinkالطور باستخدام برنامج

دائرة تغذية عكسية للحصول بوصفه مع المحول PIدرجة مئوية لدرجة حرارة المحيط . يربط المسيطر 25لالشعاع الضوئي و 1000وح عند القيم لل
Particle Swarmن (يعلى فولتية خرج مستقرة عن طريق تقليل التذبذبات في الفولتية لشحن بطارية تربط على خرج المحول . تم استخدام طريقت

Optimization و ( Zeigler-Nichols سيطر لضبط مPI لغرض تحسين االداء الكلي للمنظومة. تم استخدام تقنيةSPWM للحصول على موجة
. %4.20هي THD، و قيمة ال 2.8A±و 14±تم الحصول على قيم فولتية وتيار خرج المنظومة هي ونقية ثالثية الطورباقل تشويه ،