




































Al-Lisan. Journal Bahasa & Pengajarannya 
ISSN 2442-8965 & E ISSN 2442-8973  
Volume 4 Nomor 1- Februari 2019 
http://journal.iaingorontalo.ac.id/index.php/al 

111 
 

CENTRAL DETERMINER IN ABSTRACTS JOURNAL  
 

Aries Fitriani
(1)

, Winantu Kurnianingtyas Sri Agung
(2)

 

ariesfitriani@yahoo.com
(1)

, winantu.kurnianingtyas@gmail.com
(2) 

IAIN Ponorogo 

 
 

Abstract 

 

Central determiner is as the main component in constructing noun phrase element as subject, 

objects, and complement in writing compositions. Meanwhile, determiner affects the meaning 

of noun. This research investigates the constructions of central determiners in abstracts of 

Journal Al-Tahrir Volume 17 No.1 Tahun 2017 and the reasons in applying those determiners in 

that journal. In gaining related information, types of central determiners, three diagram and table 

bracket were used. Qualitative research and syntactical analysis was conducted to analyze the 

data. The research finding revealed that central determiners were used in sentences of the 

abstracts. The terms of central determiners in subject were constructed through 7 determiners 

such demonstrative article, personal pronoun, possessive pronoun, indefinite pronoun, 

demonstrative article, definite article, and indefinite article. Having the function of object, 

central determiners were defined in 5 terms namely possessive pronoun, indefinite pronoun, 

demonstrative article, definite and indefinite article. Then, they were also used in sentences of 

the abstracts as complement. Here, central determiners were defined in terms of reflective 

pronoun, personal pronoun, possessive pronoun, indefinite pronoun, interrogative pronoun, 

definite and indefinite article.  

 

Keywords: Central Determiner, Abstract, Journal 

 

 

 
Abstrak 

 

Central determiner adalah sebagai komponen utama dalam membangun elemen frase nomina 

sebagai subjek, objek, dan pelengkap dalam komposisi penulisan. Sementara itu, determiner 

mempengaruhi arti kata benda. Penelitian ini menyelidiki konstruksi Central determiner dalam 

abstrak Jurnal Al-Tahrir Volume 17 No.1 Tahun 2017 dan alasan dalam menerapkan Central 

determiner tersebut dalam jurnal itu. Dalam mendapatkan informasi terkait, jenis Central 

determiner, tiga diagram dan braket tabel digunakan. Penelitian kualitatif dan analisis sintaksis 

dilakukan untuk menganalisis data. Temuan penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa Central 

determiner digunakan dalam kalimat abstrak. Istilah Central determiner dalam subjek 

dikonstruksi melalui 7 determinan seperti artikel demonstratif, kata ganti orang, kata ganti 

posesif, kata ganti tidak pasti, artikel demonstratif, artikel pasti, dan artikel tidak pasti. Memiliki 

fungsi objek, Central determiner didefinisikan dalam 5 istilah yaitu kata ganti posesif, kata 

ganti tidak pasti, artikel demonstratif, artikel pasti dan tidak terbatas. Kemudian, juga digunakan 

dalam kalimat abstrak sebagai pelengkap. Di sini, Central determiner didefinisikan dalam hal 

kata ganti reflektif, kata ganti orang, kata ganti posesif, kata ganti tidak pasti, kata ganti tanya, 

artikel pasti dan tidak pasti. 

 

Kata Kunci: Central Determiner, Abstak, Jurnal 

 

 

 

mailto:ariesfitriani@yahoo.com(1)
mailto:winantu.kurnianingtyas@gmail.com(2)


Al-Lisan. Journal Bahasa & Pengajarannya 
ISSN 2442-8965 & E ISSN 2442-8973  
Volume 4 Nomor 1- Februari 2019 
http://journal.iaingorontalo.ac.id/index.php/al 

112 
 

A. INTRODUCTION 

Writing composition is constructed from simple sentences to compound complex 

sentences. There, writers should be able to choose appropriate words due to their written 

become meaningful. The using of word choices in writing affects writers’ language 

style. Each writer has distinctive characteristics. Indeed, Cali and Bowen argued that 

how a writer chooses words and structures sentences to achieve a certain effect are also 

an element of style Cali K and Bowen, 2003). This means that determining appropriate 

words and constructing sentences accurately support the highest contribution 

components in writing. For instance, a good writer will also use adjectives in 

moderation and instead of using adverbs frequently allow nouns and verbs to do the 

expression of their thought or idea (Adebola Adebileje, 2016: 45-49). On the other 

word, noun usages are as productive as adjectives, adverbs, and verbs in writing. 

According to the explanation above, it can be summed up that there are two 

linguistic elements that affect writing namely semantics (word choices) and syntax 

(sentence structure). Both semantics and syntax have different perspective in analyzing 

a product of writing but they are enclosed and cannot be separated. Syntax, for instance, 

see the elements of writing especially English toward Subjects, Verbs, Objects, and 

Complements. Meanwhile, three of those elements are usually defined in form of nouns 

and or noun phrase. On the other hand, nouns along with verbs are a dominant part of 

speech, and that the semantic content of sentences is borne mostly by nouns (B. Aarts 

and C. Meyer, 1995). Hence, it is crucial discussion in conducting noun phrase as a 

research because noun phrase is a dominant part of speech in writing and it has some 

functions in sentence such subject, object, and or complement. 

Sydney Greenbaum and Gerald Nelson (2002:48) noun phrase systematically 

represents several elements such determiner, pre-modifier, and post-modifier such the 

following table 

Table 1. The construction of Noun Phrase  

Determiners Pre-modifier Noun 
Post-

modifier 

 

Based on the chart above, it can be concluded that the basic form of noun phrase is a 

noun then modified by determiner (all, that, a, the), pre-modifier, and followed post-



Al-Lisan. Journal Bahasa & Pengajarannya 
ISSN 2442-8965 & E ISSN 2442-8973  
Volume 4 Nomor 1- Februari 2019 
http://journal.iaingorontalo.ac.id/index.php/al 

113 
 

modifier. Here, the researcher focused on determiner because it is the first construction 

of noun phrase that determined the meaning of noun in sentences.  

The determiner position in a Noun Phrase is usually filled by one of two kinds of 

expression: determiner can be determinative and also accompanied by their own 

modifier, making a determinative phrase and the determiner may have the form of a 

genitive Noun Phrase such the following examples that was taken from journal At-

Tahrir Vol.17 No.1 Tahun 2017 

These philosophers delivered some convincing and satisfying arguments  

The example above shows that sentence has two noun phrases that constructed by two 

determiners these and some. Those determiners affect noun phrase becoming 

determinative phrase. The first construction of noun phrase these philosophers is 

deictic/demonstrative article + noun. Deictic is one kinds of central determiner. 

 

These Philosophers 

NP 

 

 

     Demonstrative                                      Noun 

    

         

These                                                                 Philosophers 

                        Chart 1. Philosophers of Noun 

Moreover, that noun phrase has a function as subject in sentence. 

According to the explanations and also the examples as proven, it can be underlined 

that noun phrase usages in writing is crucial elements and mostly writings delivered 

noun phrase, eventhough, it has distinctive functions. Furthermore, why does noun 

phrase become a crucial element to be conducted in research? Because noun phrase is as 

the main components in constructing the elements of subject, object, and complement in 

writing. Meanwhile, determiner affects the meaning of noun.  

Because of that reason, the researcher needed to conduct a research related to 

central determiner of noun phrase. Indeed, the kind of phenomena is also defined in 

abstracts of At-Tahrir Journal. The researcher decided to choose Journal At-Tahrir as an 



Al-Lisan. Journal Bahasa & Pengajarannya 
ISSN 2442-8965 & E ISSN 2442-8973  
Volume 4 Nomor 1- Februari 2019 
http://journal.iaingorontalo.ac.id/index.php/al 

114 
 

object in this research because there is none journals at IAIN Ponorogo that have been 

accredited by Higher Education Decree and the Minister of Education and Culture 

except At-Tahrir  

Furthermore, the authors in At-Tahrir journal come from different institution that 

point out Islamic studies through their own perspective. As the result, the authors must 

have distinctive style in writing and can be identified through the word choices 

especially noun phrase. 

Hence, the researchers decide to conduct the research entitled Analysis of Central 

Determiner in Abstracts of At-Tahrir Journal Vol.17 No.1 Tahun 2017 since it journal is 

the first publication in this year during the researchers conduct this research. In addition, 

the authors of this journal translated their abstracts by themselves. As the consideration, 

the authors of At-Tahrir Journal only concern on Islamic Studies and the editors do not 

change the content of their articles. Consequently, the authors have different style in 

expressing their ideas. 

The Elements of Noun Phrase 

The typical of noun phrase systematically is represented into several elements of 

structure namely determiner, premodifier, head, and post modifier. Those elements hang 

up together in constructing noun phrase. Furthermore, each element in noun phrase can 

be broken down into some parts (Daniel Kies, 2016) as the following chart 



Al-Lisan. Journal Bahasa & Pengajarannya 
ISSN 2442-8965 & E ISSN 2442-8973  
Volume 4 Nomor 1- Februari 2019 
http://journal.iaingorontalo.ac.id/index.php/al 

115 
 

 

Chart 2. Noun Phrase 

According to the chart above, it can be seen that determiner is one of grammatical 

elements that specified the types of noun. Moreover, central determiner mostly defined 

at the beginning of noun. 

Central Determiner 

According to Halliday in Kies (2016), central determiner is classified into three 

components  

a. Article 

Means types of function word and English has two types of word functions (Hilde 

Hasselgard, 2012) as follow 

1. Definite 

The first function is definite. This article is defined in a noun phrase that 

marked by the, a demonstrative determiner or a possessive determiner (Hilde: 

2012) for instance 

The article concludes that mostly, theological heterodoxy was inspired by 

philosophy such Plato, Aristotle and Plotinus   

This article elaborates philosophy that runs into Islamic theology 



Al-Lisan. Journal Bahasa & Pengajarannya 
ISSN 2442-8965 & E ISSN 2442-8973  
Volume 4 Nomor 1- Februari 2019 
http://journal.iaingorontalo.ac.id/index.php/al 

116 
 

As well a way for students to acquire useful knowledge after he returned to his 

hometown respectively 

According to the examples above, the articles the and this have functions as 

subject in sentence. Meanwhile, his is taken place as indirect object. 

2. Indefinite.  

Indefinite articles in English are a and an. Those depend on the following 

words whether consonants or vowel sounds. There is no plural indefinite article 

in English (Hilde:2012). It means that indefinite article only occurs with 

countable noun in the singular form such the following examples 

Tjokroaminoto is a National hero and one of the pioneers of Indonesia’s 

independence 

b. Pronoun 

A pronoun is a word that takes the place of a common noun or a proper noun to 

refer to somebody or something (Seaton and Mew,2007: 44). In hand, pronouns 

constitute a fairly small class of words distinguished from other nouns most clearly by 

their inability to combine with determiners (Huddleston and Geoffrey, 2007:4). In this 

case, pronoun can be identified through  

1. Reflective 

Reflective pronouns are unique groups of pronouns that always end in either –

self or –selves (Lester, 2008: 81). They cannot stand without by themselves 

and meaningless because they reflect related pronouns that come previous. 

2. Personal 

Personal pronoun is used to replace one or more than one noun or compound 

noun. Usually pronoun refers to specific person or thing. The following table 

represents the form of personal pronoun (Lester, 2008:77) 

                         Table 2. Personal Pronoun 

Form Number 

 Singular Plural 

First-Person  

Subject 

Object 

Possessive Pronominal 

 

I 

Me 

Mine 

 

We 

Us 

Ours 



Al-Lisan. Journal Bahasa & Pengajarannya 
ISSN 2442-8965 & E ISSN 2442-8973  
Volume 4 Nomor 1- Februari 2019 
http://journal.iaingorontalo.ac.id/index.php/al 

117 
 

Possessive Adjectival My Our 

Second-Person 

Subject 

Object 

Possessive Pronominal 

Possessive Adjectival  

 

You 

You 

Yours 

Your 

 

You 

You 

Yours 

Your 

Third-Person 

Subject 

Object 

Possessive Pronominal 

Possessive Adjectival 

 

He, she, it 

Him, her, it 

His, hers, its 

His, her, its 

 

They 

Them 

Theirs 

Their  

3. Indefinite 

Indefinite pronoun means a pronoun which refers to a non-specific thing, 

phenomenon, or person (Hasselgard, 2012). The indefinite pronouns are 

anybody, anything, anyone, everybody, everything, everyone, nobody, nothing, 

no-one, somebody, something, someone, as well as one, some, any, all, every, 

each, both, either, neither, many, much, a lot of, few, little and others used as 

pronouns 

4. Interrogative 

Its pronoun is used in forming question-word questions.  

5. Demonstrative 

Demonstrative pronouns are a small class of just four words this, that, these 

and those (Lester, 2008:85). 

c. Negative 

Negative determiner is different from other kinds of determiner. Negative form 

refers to no. Huddleson and Geiffrey argued that No does occur in the fused determiner­ 

head construction, but it finds a difference in inflection, with the form none occur­ ring 

in the fused-head construction, and everywhere else such the following example 

Kim had [no money], and Pat also had [none]. 

In this research, the researchers use this theory than other relevance theories 

because Halliday demonstrated and categorized the distinctive terms of central 

determiners. 



Al-Lisan. Journal Bahasa & Pengajarannya 
ISSN 2442-8965 & E ISSN 2442-8973  
Volume 4 Nomor 1- Februari 2019 
http://journal.iaingorontalo.ac.id/index.php/al 

118 
 

Previous Studies 

The previous study taken from thesis written by Shahla’a Raheem Shalal entitled 

A Linguistics Study of Central Determiners in English. He underlined that determiners 

are words which specify the range of reference of a noun as being specific such as 

definite article; generic such as indefinite article. Determiners can be sub-classified into 

three classes which are pre-determiners, central determiners and post determiners.  

Moreover, the researcher also takes Jane E Gressang entitled A frequency and 

error analysis of the use of determiners, the relationships between noun phrases, and the 

structure of discourse in English essays by native English writers and native Chinese, 

Taiwanese, and Korean learners of English as a Second language. In his thesis, he 

concluded that on average 70% of the word types in the native essays appeared only one 

time.  Overall, computational linguists are focused on what people typically do, and 

create descriptions of language use that can usually be exploited for practical use 

(search engines, voice recognition software, and more).  Linguistic outliers and strange 

constructions are problems.  For theoretical linguists, linguistic outliers and strange 

constructions are often also problems, but they in turn help determine the limits of what 

is possible in human language.  Theoretical linguists are not typically interested in 

frequency data because extremely specific examples are often needed to validate a 

hypothesis or possible structure.    

Based on the previous studies above, it can be summed up that conducted 

researcher here is purely researchers ideas. Here some differences between this research 

and the previous are in the previous research was conducted by Shahla’a only 

determined the types of English Determiners in general, and the second research written 

by Jane analyzed the error in using determiners through computational linguistics. 

Meanwhile, in this research, the researcher tries to explore the forms central determiners 

that are found in the abstracts of At-Tahrir Journal Vol.17 No.1 Tahun 2017. 

 

B. RESERACH METHOD 

This research was library study that focused on Central Determiner of Noun 

Phrase in At-Tahrir Journal Vol.17 No.1 Tahun 2017. Because of that reason, this 

research tried to analyze some variables such the construction of central determiner and 

the reasons in using those construction. Hence, this research was categorized into 



Al-Lisan. Journal Bahasa & Pengajarannya 
ISSN 2442-8965 & E ISSN 2442-8973  
Volume 4 Nomor 1- Februari 2019 
http://journal.iaingorontalo.ac.id/index.php/al 

119 
 

descriptive qualitative research since qualitative research is an umbrella term for a wide 

variety of approaches to and methods for the study of natural social life (Saldana, 2011). 

Furthermore, the sentences contained central determiners in abstracts of At-Tahrir 

Journal were collected as the data in term of documentation. Then, those data were 

analyzed through syntactical analysis. In order to analyze the data, the researchers 

applied three stages namely reduction, display, and verification.  

 

C. FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS 

Findings 

The researchers manifest the constructions of central determiner of noun phrase 

used in abstracts of At-Tahrir Journal Volume 17 No.1 Tahun 2017. The researchers 

underlined three significant reasons in conducting this research. 

The first principal is the crucial functions of noun phrase in sentence. In line, 

Aarts and Meyer (1995) argued that nouns along with verbs are a dominant part of 

speech, and that the semantic content of sentences is borne mostly by nouns. It means 

that sentence, mostly was constructed by noun phrase because it is able to use in 

subjects, objects, and complements. 

The next major is central determiners. Determiner affects the meaning of noun. 

The types of central determiners are as proven that the different determiners described 

the distinctive forms of noun in sentence. 

Then, the last is abstracts in Journal. Abstract also become the major reasons in 

conducting this research because abstract describes powerful statements that explain a 

larger work.  Furthermore, abstract allows readers who may be interested in a longer 

work to quickly decide whether is worth their time to read it (Abstract – The Writing 

Center accessed in https://writingcenter.unc.edu). It means that abstract describes the whole 

contents of someone work in short passages. Based on those reasons, the researchers 

assume that analyzing central determiners in abstract is a crucial issue.   

Moreover, in analyzing central determiners, distinctive strategies are applied in 

this research namely three diagram and label bracket. Those strategies are distinguished 

with previous studies in which they analyzed determiners by identifying the types and 

using computational analysis.  



Al-Lisan. Journal Bahasa & Pengajarannya 
ISSN 2442-8965 & E ISSN 2442-8973  
Volume 4 Nomor 1- Februari 2019 
http://journal.iaingorontalo.ac.id/index.php/al 

120 
 

In Journal At-Tahrir Vol 17 No.1 Tahun 2017, the researchers identified that there 

were 11 abstracts constructed through 49 sentences in terms of simple, compound, 

complex and compound complex sentences. Furthermore, the researcher also found that 

central determiner occurred on whether subject, object, and complement in each 

sentences of those abstract in that journal. Then the description of those determiners 

constructions were explained in the following findings greater in depth. 

 

Discussions 

Central Determiner as Subject 

The first pattern of central determiner was defined in the abstracts taken the 

position of subject. Here, the researchers found 7 terms of central determiner namely 

demonstrative article, personal pronoun, possessive pronoun, indefinite pronoun, 

demonstrative article, definite article, and indefinite article.  

1. Demonstrative Article 

Demonstrative article here has the functions as determiner because they come before a 

noun. Then, in these abstracts, demonstrative article of this and these were found such 

the following findings 

Datum AB1/S1 

This article elaborates philosophy that runs into Islamic theology 

 

This datum showed that demonstrative article occurred in subject of that sentence. Here, 

This is used to indicate something which has already been known by others being 

referred to. Hence its term is usually known as definite article. In this case, the usage of 

the word this was to emphasize the noun article.  The author in the first abstract clearly 

identified only his writing not others by using the noun phrase this article. Furthermore, 

demonstrative article this indicated that the following noun in this article was in term of 

singular form. 



Al-Lisan. Journal Bahasa & Pengajarannya 
ISSN 2442-8965 & E ISSN 2442-8973  
Volume 4 Nomor 1- Februari 2019 
http://journal.iaingorontalo.ac.id/index.php/al 

121 
 

2. Personal Pronoun 

Personal pronoun is used to replace one or more than one noun or compound noun and 

its pronoun usually represents specific person or thing. 

Datum AB1/S5 

They also consider that others were fault 

 

Chart 3. Personal Pronoun 

In that sentence, it is clearly mentioned that they was used to represent personal pronoun 

and this word took place as subject pronoun. They are anaphoric reference that refers to 

theological orthodoxy arguments.  

3. Possessive Pronoun 

The term of possessive adjective is usually called as possessive determiner. It has 

the function to modify a noun by showing a form of possession of belonging to a person 

or think. This construction occurred in datum AB4/S6 and it was explained clearly in 

the following discussions 

Its supernatural powers capable of changing the paradigm of society and pave the way 

to spread the teachings of Islam 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Chart 4. Possesive Pronoun 

 Lexeme its is one of pronoun indicated possessive adjective. It is used to show 

possession or ownership of something. The function of its is the possessive adjective of 

it.  Here, noun phrase does not stay alone but modified by adjective phrase. Adjective 



Al-Lisan. Journal Bahasa & Pengajarannya 
ISSN 2442-8965 & E ISSN 2442-8973  
Volume 4 Nomor 1- Februari 2019 
http://journal.iaingorontalo.ac.id/index.php/al 

122 
 

phrase consists of adjective hangs out together with other elements which modify it. In 

addition, its phrase can be used to modify noun inside noun phrase  

The sentence above showed that adjective phrase was used to modify noun inside noun 

phrase. The noun phrase in the sentence has the noun power as its head, and the 

adjective phrase supernatural serves as a modifier. It can be summed up that the 

function of adjective phrases is referred to as attributive.  

4. Indefinite Pronoun 

Indefinite pronoun is used to mention non specific pronoun. In this journal, this 

phenomenon found in datum (AB1/S4) that used indefinite pronoun form such in the 

following sentence 

Theological orthodoxy argued that each argument of divinity was token from the 

revelation 

 

Chart 5. Indefinite Pronoun 

 

Indefinite pronoun in that sentence was shown by the word each. Pronoun each 

must be always referred by singular pronoun and its pronoun is typically unspecific. In 

that sentence, each is followed by singular pronoun argument. That represents such an 

unclear argument, as the consequence, embedded information is needed to explain the 

pronoun specifically. In hence, prepositional phrase is distributed after in creating 

specific information towards noun. 

5. Demonstrative article 

In general, demonstrative article is used to point to something in a situation. This 

construction can be seen in datum (AB7/S2) as follow 

This peaceful Da’wa has given birth to the moderate Islam for Indonesian 



Al-Lisan. Journal Bahasa & Pengajarannya 
ISSN 2442-8965 & E ISSN 2442-8973  
Volume 4 Nomor 1- Februari 2019 
http://journal.iaingorontalo.ac.id/index.php/al 

123 
 

 

    Chart 6. Demonstrative Article 

 

This datum showed that demonstrative article occurred in subject of that 

sentence. Here, this is used to indicate something which has already been known by 

others being referred to. Hence its term is usually known as definite article. In this case, 

the usage of the word this was to emphasize the noun da’wa.  Furthermore, 

demonstrative article this indicated that the following noun in this article was in term of 

singular form. 

In this case, adjective phrase was used when reference is made to a specific individual 

or a specific group of individuals or specific instances of abstract concepts a nominal 

head whether a noun or a pronoun. The noun phrase in the sentence has the noun da’wa 

as its head, and the adjective phrase peaceful serves as a modifier.  

6. Definite Article 

The function of definite article is to precede noun when the writer believes that the 

reader already knows what he is referring to. The common word in English indicated 

definite article is the. Eventhough, definite article precede noun, it does not mean that 

the noun should be specific. In hence, the term of prepositional phrase must be added 

after noun 

Datum AB2/S2 

In addition, the claims of heterodoxy-orthodoxy existed since the emergence of Islamic 

religious discourse itself until now, through many studies ie Quranic interpretation 

(tafsir), theology (Kalam), mysticism (Tasawuf), Islamic law (fiqih), etc 



Al-Lisan. Journal Bahasa & Pengajarannya 
ISSN 2442-8965 & E ISSN 2442-8973  
Volume 4 Nomor 1- Februari 2019 
http://journal.iaingorontalo.ac.id/index.php/al 

124 
 

 

    Chart 7. Definite Article 

 

 In the sentence above, definite article the was used when the author assumed 

there was just one of something in that place, even if it had not been mentioned before. 

The head noun in this sentence is claims. This noun does not mention in the previous 

sentences. As the consequence, central determiner of definite article the must be added 

before head noun claims. Since unclear information of head noun, embedded 

information in term of prepositional phrase is needed to make the head noun clearly. 

 

7. Indefinite Article 

The construction of indefinite article can be seen in datum (AB3/S7) as follow 

Finally, factors that causing the emergence of a cult is not only a matter of heresy, but 

also sociological and psychological 

 

    Chart 8. Indefinite Articles 

 

In the sentence above, definite article the was used to point out a noun which has 

already been mentioned before. The head noun in this sentence is emergence. Since the 

head noun was unclear stated, embedded information was needed in creating brief 

sentence. 



Al-Lisan. Journal Bahasa & Pengajarannya 
ISSN 2442-8965 & E ISSN 2442-8973  
Volume 4 Nomor 1- Februari 2019 
http://journal.iaingorontalo.ac.id/index.php/al 

125 
 

The other construction of central determiner is indefinite article. It is used to show 

the thing is one of a group. Here, indefinite article a was used to underline cult. 

 

Central Determiner as Object 

The second pattern of central determiner was defined in the abstracts taken the 

position of object. Here, the researchers found five central determiners namely 

possessive pronoun, indefinite pronoun, demonstrative pronoun, definite and indefinite 

article. 

1. Possessive Pronoun 

This pattern occurred in datum (AB8/S2) and it took a place as object in the following 

sentence 

They are the first orthodox takfiri in Islam and their motto is who did not punish His 

law, they were among those unbeliever 

 

Chart 9. Posseisve Pronoun 

The possessive adjective in the sentence above referred to people. It is more in the sense 

of relationship than ownership. In this case, possessive adjective his is followed by head 

noun law in constructing noun phrase and indicated third person singular. 

2. Indefinite Pronoun 

Indefinite pronoun is used to mention non specific pronoun. In this abstract, this 

construction found in datum (AB1/S9) that used indefinite pronoun form such in the 

following sentence 

These philosophers delivered some convincing and satisfying arguments about God 

 

Chart 10. Indefinite Pronoun 



Al-Lisan. Journal Bahasa & Pengajarannya 
ISSN 2442-8965 & E ISSN 2442-8973  
Volume 4 Nomor 1- Februari 2019 
http://journal.iaingorontalo.ac.id/index.php/al 

126 
 

 

Indefinite pronoun in that sentence was shown by the word some. The pronoun some 

is followed by noun that refers to indefinite quantities. In that sentence, some is 

followed by plural pronoun. The head noun in this sentence was arguments. Its noun 

was modified by adverb convincing and satisfying. 

3. Demonstrative Pronoun 

The construction of demonstrative pronoun was defined in datum (AB4/S7) as the 

following sentence 

Da’wah multicultural evidenced by not impose his religion on others who are different 

 

Chart 11. Indefinite Pronoun 

 

The possessive adjective in the sentence above referred to people. It is more in the 

sense of relationship than ownership. In this case, possessive adjective his is followed 

by head noun religious in constructing noun phrase. The word others is used as a 

pronoun refers more than one person or things. And it took the plural form. 

 

4. Definite Article 

The function of definite article is to precede noun when the writer believes that the 

reader already knows what he is referring to. The common word in English indicated 

definite article is the. This construction can be seen in the following sentence 

The existence of various religious discourses is caused by the differences of 

interpretation 

 

Chart 12. Definite Article 



Al-Lisan. Journal Bahasa & Pengajarannya 
ISSN 2442-8965 & E ISSN 2442-8973  
Volume 4 Nomor 1- Februari 2019 
http://journal.iaingorontalo.ac.id/index.php/al 

127 
 

 

In the sentence above, definite article the was used when the author assumed there was 

just one of something in that place, even if it had not been mentioned before. The head 

nouns in this sentence were differences. This noun does not mention in the previous 

sentences. As the consequence, central determiner of definite article the must be added 

before those head nouns. 

5. Indefinite Article 

The construction of indefinite article in At-Tahrir Journal was found in the following 

sentence 

Furthermore, he said that if there is a domination, it will arise a resistance 

 

Chart 13. Indefinite Article 

 

In the sentence above, indefinite article a was used before a noun that is general or 

when its identity is not known. The head noun in this sentence was resistant.  

Central Determiner as Complement 

The second pattern of central determiner was defined in the abstracts taken the 

position of complement. Here, the researchers found 7 central determiners such 

reflective pronoun, possessive pronoun, indefinite pronoun, interrogative pronoun, 

demonstrative article, definite and indefinite article. Those were constructed in abstracts 

of At-Tahrir Journal. 

1. Reflective Pronoun 

This pattern was defined in datum (AB5/S6) as the following sentence 

The barakah interpreted as increasing the value of kindness and becoming positive 

energy in developing self concept and how to emulate the personality and make kiai as 



Al-Lisan. Journal Bahasa & Pengajarannya 
ISSN 2442-8965 & E ISSN 2442-8973  
Volume 4 Nomor 1- Februari 2019 
http://journal.iaingorontalo.ac.id/index.php/al 

128 
 

moral role models, as well a way for students to acquire useful knowledge after he 

returned to his hometown respectively  

 

Chart 14. Reflective Pronoun 

 

Definite article the was used when the author assumed there was just one of something 

in that place, even if it had not been mentioned before. The head noun in this sentence is 

value.  

2. Possessive Pronoun 

The construction of this central determiner occurred in datuma (AB5/S6) as the 

following sentence 

The barakah interpreted as increasing the value of kindness and becoming positive 

energy in developing self concept and how to emulate the personality and make kiai as 

moral role models, as well a way for students to acquire useful knowledge after he 

returned to his hometown respectively  

 

Chart 15. Possesive Pronoun 

 

In the sentence above, the possessive adjective his showed who owns the noun home 

own. This possessive adjective was used to represent third person singular 

3. Indefinite Pronoun 



Al-Lisan. Journal Bahasa & Pengajarannya 
ISSN 2442-8965 & E ISSN 2442-8973  
Volume 4 Nomor 1- Februari 2019 
http://journal.iaingorontalo.ac.id/index.php/al 

129 
 

Indefinite pronoun is used to mention non specific pronoun. This construction found in 

datum (AB1/S2) as follow 

Islamic theology could not be separated from all outer side 

 

Chart 16. Indefinite Pronoun 

 

Indefinite pronoun in that sentence was shown by the word all. Pronoun all must be 

always referred by plural countable or uncountable noun and its pronoun is used to 

mention the whole quantity or extent of a particular group or thing. In that sentence, all 

is followed by singular pronoun side and modified by adjective outer. The other 

example of indefinite pronoun was explained below 

4. Interrogative Pronoun 

This pattern occurred in datum  (AB10/S4) in the following sentence 

This paper is intended to analyze how far the metamorphosis (in the sense of releasing 

its past heretic, and its use of new paradigm) of LDII as religious social movement was 

influenced by Islamic Jamaah, that is between polemics, dissemination, orthodoxy, and 

the acceptance of its ideology 

 

Chart 17. Interrogative Pronoun 

Interrogative pronoun is a pronoun which is used to make asking questions. This 

pronoun is used to ask distance of things. 

 



Al-Lisan. Journal Bahasa & Pengajarannya 
ISSN 2442-8965 & E ISSN 2442-8973  
Volume 4 Nomor 1- Februari 2019 
http://journal.iaingorontalo.ac.id/index.php/al 

130 
 

5. Demonstrative Article 

Demonstrative article here has the functions as determiner because they come before a 

noun. This pattern defined in datum AB2/S7 

In this perspective, Foucault’s theory called with the relationship between power and 

discourse / knowledge 

 

Chart 18. Demonstrative Article 

 

This datum showed that demonstrative article occurred in subject of that sentence. 

Here, This is used to indicate something which has already been known by others being 

referred to. Hence its term is usually known as definite article. In this case, the usage of 

the word this was to emphasize the noun perspective. The author in the first abstract 

clearly identified only his writing not others by using the noun phrase this perspective. 

Furthermore, demonstrative article this indicated that the following noun in this article 

was in term of singular form.  

6. Definite Article 

The function of definite article is to precede noun when the writer believes that the 

reader already knows what he is referring to. The common word in English indicated 

definite article is the. This construction occurred on datum AB1/S4 

Theological orthodoxy argued that each argument of divinity was token from the 

revelation 

 

 Chart 19. Definite Article  



Al-Lisan. Journal Bahasa & Pengajarannya 
ISSN 2442-8965 & E ISSN 2442-8973  
Volume 4 Nomor 1- Februari 2019 
http://journal.iaingorontalo.ac.id/index.php/al 

131 
 

In the sentence above, definite article the was used when the author assumed there was 

just one of something in that place, even if it had not been mentioned before. The head 

noun in this sentence is revelation. 

7. Indefinite Article 

This construction occurred in datum AB2/S8 as follow 

He clarify that discourse / knowledge is an instrument to dominate others 

 

 Chart 20. Indefinite Article  

 

Indefinite article an was used before a noun that is general or when its identity is not 

known. The head noun in this sentence was instrument. 

 

D. CONCLUSION 

The researchers sum up that central determiners are defined in abstracts of At-

Tahrir Journal and central determiners of noun phrase take place in each sentence as 

subject, object, and complement. The terms of central determiners in subject are 

constructed through 7 determiners such demonstrative article, personal pronoun, 

possessive pronoun, indefinite pronoun, demonstrative article, definite article, and 

indefinite article.  

Furthermore, central determiner is also occurred in the abstracts as object. Having 

the function of object, central determiners are defined in 5 terms namely possessive 

pronoun, indefinite pronoun, demonstrative article, definite and indefinite article.  

Besides, central determiners are used in sentences of the abstracts as complement. 

Here, central determiners are defined in terms of reflective pronoun, personal pronoun, 

possessive pronoun, indefinite pronoun, interrogative pronoun, negative form, definite 

and indefinite article.  

 

 

 



Al-Lisan. Journal Bahasa & Pengajarannya 
ISSN 2442-8965 & E ISSN 2442-8973  
Volume 4 Nomor 1- Februari 2019 
http://journal.iaingorontalo.ac.id/index.php/al 

132 
 

REFERENCES 

 

Adebileje, Adebola. 2016. Forms and Functions of the English Noun Phrase in Selected 

Nigerian Texts, Journal of Humanities and Social Science (Online) Volume 21, 

Issue 2. pp 45-49. accessed on 

ccat.sas.upenn.edu/plc/kannada/.../KannadaChap.2.pdf 

 

At-Tahrir Jurnal Pemikiran Islam IAIN Ponorogo. 

jurnal.stainponorogo.ac.id/index.php/tahrir/index 

 

Djojosuroto, Kinayati & M. L. A. Sumaryati. 2000. Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Penelitian 

Bahasa Sastra. Bandung: Nuansa Yayasan Nuansa Cendekia. 

 

Given, Lisa M. 2008. The SAGE Encyclopedia of Qualitative Research Methods. 

California: SAGE Publications, Inc. 

 

Hasselgard, Hilde et. al. 2012. Glossary of Grammatical Terms Used in English 

Grammar: Theory and Use 2
nd

 Edition. Oslo: Universitetsforlaget. 

 

Huddleston, Rodney and Geoffrey K. Pullum. 2007. A Student’s Introduction to English 

Grammar. Cambridge: Cambridge University. 

 

Kies, Daniel. 2016. Modern English Grammar. Department of English College of 

DuPage accesed on https://papyr.com/hypertextbooks/grammar/ph_noun.htm 

 

Lester, Mark. 2008. McGraw-Hill’s Essential ESL Grammar: A Handbook for 

Intermediate and Advavanced ESL Students. United States of America: The 

McGraw-Hill Companies. 

 

Moloeng, Lexy J. 2000. Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. Bandung: PT Remaja 

Rosdakarya. 

 

Pinnegar, Stefinee & Mary Lynn Hamilton. 2009. Self-Study of Practice as a Genre of 

Qualitative Research. New York: Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg. 

 

S, Petrakis and Klenner M, Learning, 2011, Theories for Noun-Phrase Sentiment 

Composition, Zurich Open Repository Archive, University of Zurich. accessed 

on www.zora.uzh.ch/53322/1/nlpcs.pdf 

 

Seaton, Anne and Y.H. Mew. 2007. Basic English Grammar for English Language 

Learnear. United States of America: Saddleback Educational Publishing. 

 

Stake, Robert E. 2010. Qualitative Research: Studying How Things Work. New York: 

The Guilford Press. 

 

Sutopo, H. B. 2006. Metode Penelitian Kualitatif. Surakarta: UNS Press. 

 
 

https://papyr.com/hypertextbooks/grammar/ph_noun.htm
http://www.zora.uzh.ch/53322/1/nlpcs.pdf

