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Journal al-Lisan 
ISSN 2442-8965 & E ISSN 2442-8973 
Volume 4 Nomor 1 -Februari 2018 
http://journal.iaingorontalo.ac.id/index.php/al 
 
 

1 
 

INTERFERENCE OF MALAY MANADO LANGUAGE TOWARD INDONESIAN 
LANGUAGE BY STUDENTS’ SPEECH IN  

GORONTALO STATE UNIVERSITY 
  

Abdul Kadir Ismail, Hamzah A. Machmoed and Moses Usman  

Email: abdulkadir89@ymail.com   
Linguistic Studies Program, Cultural Sciences Faculty, Hasanuddin University 

 
ABSTRACT 

 
Interference of Malay Manado Language in Formal Spoken Indonesian Language:  “A Case Study at 
Indonesian Language Studies, Gorontalo State University” .This research aims to elaborate the kinds 
of interference in Malay Manado Language toward Indonesian Language on students’ speech in class 
discussion performance and to describe the most frequent of interference that students produced in 
class discussion performance by students in Indonesian Language Studies. Besides, the purpose of this 
research is to disclose the students deal with the interference on their speech in class discussion 
performance.The research was conducted in Indonesian Language Studies, Gorontalo State 
University. The data were collected from students’ speech in class discussion performance by using 
recording technique. The samples were 30 respondents. Two methods in analyzing data, namely 
descriptive quantitative and qualitative methods. There are three kinds of interference that students 
produced on students’ speech in class discussion performance namely phonological interference, 
morphological interference, and lexical interference. Firstly, in phonological interference can be 
categorized into assimilation, merger colescence or diftong, syncope, apocope, compression, and 
vowel modification. In morphological interference, they produced prefix addition, imperative form, 
reduplication, compounding form, and negation form. In Lexical interference, they created nine types 
of interference namely verb, noun, adjective, pronoun, adverb, question form, language particle, 
possesive, and preposition. Secondly, the most frequent type of interference on students’ speech in 
class discussion performance is lexical interference. It is about 193 in the percentage 59.38 %. Lastly, 
there are some factors that causing interference  on students’ speech. They are, bilingualism, the lack 
of using Indonesian Language,  needs for synonyms and the last is students’ high prestige. 
 

Interferensi  bahasa Melayu Manado terhadap bahasa Indonesia pada tuturan mahasiswa di Universitas 
Negeri Gorontalo. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguraikan jenis-jenis interferensi yang 
terjadi pada tuturan mahasiswa dalam kelas diskusi oleh mahasiswa jurusan bahasa Indonesia dan 
mendeskripsikan frequensi interferensi yang paling banyak diproduksi oleh mahasiswa dalam 
proses diskusi di dalam kelas. Data dikumpulkan dari tuturan mahasiswa di dalam kelas diskusi 
dengan menggunakan dua tehnik yaitu tehnik rekaman dan metode simak. Sampel dari penelitian   
ini  adalah   30   responden.  Peneliti   menggunakan   metode deskriptif kuantitatif dan kualitatif 
dalam menganalisis data. Terdapat tiga jenis interferensi yang diproduksi oleh mahasiswa pada 
tuturannya di dalam kelas diskusi yaitu interferensi fonologi, interferensi morfologi, dan interferensi 
leksikal. Pertama, interferensi fonologi dapat dikelompokkan menjadi asimilasi, penggabungan 
koalisi atau diftong, syncope, apocope, compression, dan modifikasi vokal. Dalam interferensi 
morfologi mereka memproduksi penambahan prefix, betuk perintah biasa, reduplikasi, 
pemajemukan,dan bentuk negasi. Terdapat sembilan jenis interferensi yaitu interferensi pada kata 
kerja, benda, kata sifat, kata ganti orang atau benda, kata keterangan, bentuk pertanyaan, partikel 
bahasa, bentuk kepunyaan, dan kata depan. Kedua, frekuensi interferensi yang tertinggi pada 
tuturan mahasiswa di kelas diskusi adalah interferensi leksikal. Interferensi tersebut sekitar 193 
dengan persentase 59.38 %. Ada beberapa faktor yang menyebabkan terjadinya interferensi pada 
tuturan mahasiswa yaitu adanya kedwibahasaan, kurangnya pemakaian bahasa Indonesia, 
kebutuhan akan sinonim dan prestise yang menyebabkan tingginya tingkat interferensi. 
 
Keywords: Malay Manado Language, Indonesian Language, Phonological, Morphological, 
Lexical Interference 



Journal al-Lisan 
ISSN 2442-8965 & E ISSN 2442-8973 
Volume 4 Nomor 1 -Februari 2018 
http://journal.iaingorontalo.ac.id/index.php/al 
 
 

2 
 

A. Introduction 

Indonesian society is bilingual in spoken, meaning many people used two languages. 

In the communication process, Indonesian is used as a national language than local language 

in each area. Both languages are sometimes used in their daily life in the same time, both 

orally and in written. This situation enables the influence of language contact. Mutual 

influence can be seen in the use of the Indonesian language inserted into the local language 

vocabulary or in reverse that includes all levels. The researcher found out the same statement 

or problem above, also occurs in the communication activities in daily life in Gorontalo city, 

especially on students’ in Gorontalo State University. They used Indonesian language where 

get interference of Malay Manado language in their interaction even in formal and non formal 

situation. The phenomena of interference came from language contact. Suwito (1983), states 

that the existence of irregularities does not mean the destruction of language. Interference is a 

phenomenon of linguistic rules deviation caused by one person mastering two languages or 

more. Besides, interferences are deviation because the element is absorbed by an already 

existing language in the language equivalent absorbent. Thus, the manifestation caused of the 

interference is the ability to use language by the speakers in particular. In terms of language, 

interference can be divided in two categories, namely interference in form and interference in 

meaning. According to Poedjisoudarmo (1982), interference form includes elements of 

language and language variations, while the interference meaning includes lexical, 

morphological, and syntactical interference. Interference according to Nababan (1991), is an 

error that occurs because of the speech habits of the local language or dialect entering a 

language or the second dialect. 

Similarly, Chaer et al (1995), argue that interference is the norm of deviation events 

from one language to another. The existence of bilingualism will also cause interference and 

language integration. Language interference is linguistic norm deviations that occur in 

bilingual speech because of its familiarity to more than one language often due to language 

contact. Furthermore language contact factor is causing interference according to Weinreich 

in Weda (1998), states that in sufficient vocabulary of a language in the face of progress and 

reform. Additionally, the disappearance of words that are rarely used depends on them being 

synonymous and on the prestige of the source language. Bilingual speaker and lack of loyalty 

to the recipient language are also as the factor contributing to the interference. 



Journal al-Lisan 
ISSN 2442-8965 & E ISSN 2442-8973 
Volume 4 Nomor 1 -Februari 2018 
http://journal.iaingorontalo.ac.id/index.php/al 
 
 

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The research about interference has been done by many researchers in this world such 

as  Suindartini (2013), investigated the interference in Balinese and foreign languages in oral 

stories in Indonesian language in junior high school students, grade VII SMP 10 Denpasar. 

The results showed that in Balinese language interference, there are four types of interference 

namely phonological interference, morphological, syntactic, and semantic interference. While 

the interference of foreign language she got interference of syntax and semantic. Besides, 

Weda (1998), focused his research on Inter-language Phonology: stress shifts of English 

utterances made by Indonesian speakers of English. He tried to describe English stress shifts 

which occur in English utterances made by Indonesian speakers of English. While in 

Gorontalo, a study on interference was carried out by some researchers, one of them is  Pidu 

(2011), examineds the Language Interference of Malay Manado Dialect in Gorontalo 

Language in the South Dulomo, in Family domain. Findings show that the use of other 

dialect, namely Malay Manado dialect in the family domain are intensifying pressure on 

Gorontalo language, and the mixing of ethnic groups in the village becomes a major factor 

affecting the reduction in the use of Gorontalo language. 

Different from several previous studies above, this study described and elaborated on 

the kinds of the interference form Malay Manado Language toward Indonesian language that 

focuses on phonological, morphological and lexical interferences by students’ speech in 

Gorontalo State University. Generally, Gorontalo people only use Malay Manado language 

to communicate each other in their daily life, and usually occur among children, teenagers, 

adults, and even in the family domain, education domain, and in the Gorontalo society 

domain. It always happens because of the Indonesian speech community and Malay Manado 

people stay coexists in Gorontalo province. Therefore the interference occurs both of these 

languages. Hence, the focus of this study is the interference of Malay Manado Language 

toward Indonesian language in Indonesian Language Studies. It is because of the best of 

researcher’s knowledge so far, students in Indonesian Language Studies get interference 

when had class discussion performance. Therefore, one of the aims of this study was to 

elaborate the kinds of interference that influence Indonesian Language on students’ speech 

in Indonesian Language Studies. 

 

 

 



Journal al-Lisan 
ISSN 2442-8965 & E ISSN 2442-8973 
Volume 4 Nomor 1 -Februari 2018 
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B. Method 

This research used descriptive qualitative method.  The descriptive qualitative method 

is to obtain information about phenomenon when research is conducted (Furchan, 2004). The 

population was students in Gorontalo State University, Indonesian Language Studies. The 

sample was 30 respondents in Indonesian Language Studies. In collecting data, the researcher 

used three steps of collecting data. The first step is Simak method. Simak method is a method 

which is performed when the researcher is “hearing” students’ discussion. The second step is 

technique of recording data which means a technique that use tape-recorder in order to get the 

data.  According to Mahsun (2012), when the first and the second technique used, recording 

data can be done as well with tape-recorder as a tool. The last step is technique of note taking. 

Technique of note taking can be defined as an activity to write the data that recorded.

 Firstly, the researcher started made a transcription of all data (such as class discussion 

performance “speech”). Then, the researcher identified the interference occurred. Secondly, 

the kinds of interference in the data were recorded. The researcher classified the collect data 

by tabulating them into table and describes them. Third, the researcher used descriptive 

qualitative terms in analyzing the data. The researcher explained the various kinds of 

interference Malay Manado language toward Indonesian language. Fourth, the types of 

interference made by respondents would be classified. Lastly, the researcher draw 

conclusions about the kinds of interference of Malay Manado language toward Indonesian 

Language that occurred by students’ speech in class discussion performance, and the most 

frequent interference produced by the students. 

C. Findings and Discussion 

 Based on the data collected, the researcher found 325 kinds of interference. They are 

found  60 sounds having phonological interference, there are found 72 morphology 

interference and lasty there are found 193 having lexical interference from students class 

discussion performance.  

Phonological Processes and Types of sound change 

The types of processes in phonological interference in this changing were namely 

assimilation, merger coalescence or diftong, syncope, apocope, compression and vowel 

modification. The following is the explanation concerning the findings data of students’ 

interference of Malay Manado Language toward Indonesian Language in phonological 

aspect.  



Journal al-Lisan 
ISSN 2442-8965 & E ISSN 2442-8973 
Volume 4 Nomor 1 -Februari 2018 
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Assimilation  

Assimilation is when one sound makes another sound change. Based on data findings 

there are some words occurred in assimilation process.  In this study, the assimilation process 

happened in the sounds vowel /3/ become vowel /a/  and sometimes become vowel /u/ 

between consonant,  because in phonetic rules, the position both of them are middle-low. So, 

the vowel /3/ changed become vowel /a/. The sounds change can be seen on some data 

below: 

 Phonological data 
/kesana/      [kasana]    
/berapa/      [barapa] 
/belum/     [bulum] 
/semua/    [samua] 
/sebentar/    [sabantar] 
 

Merger Coalescence or Diphthong 

 Merger Coalescence or diphthong is two vowel sounds pronounced as one syllable. 

It usually happened in the last phoneme of the words. This process also occured on students’ 

speech in class discussion performance. It can be seen on data below: 

1) /au/  [o] /         # 

/kalau/  [kalo] 

/mau/   [mo] 

/kau/   [ko] 

2) /ai/  [e]/          # 

/sampai/  [sampe] 

/dipakai/  [dipake] 

/ramai/   [rame] 

3) /ia/ [a]/ C         C 

/siapa/  [sapa] 

4) /ai/  [i]/ C        C 

/bagaimana/  [bagimana] 

Syncope 

 Syncope refers to the loss of unstressed vowels in the middle of words. It is syncope 

which often produces consonant clusters in languages that did not formerly have them. 

Syncope had been done by samples. Data instance can be seen below: 

/terima/  [trima] 
/karena/  [karna] 



Journal al-Lisan 
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6 
 

/sekali/   [skali] 
/sedikit/ [sadiki]  
/sekalian/   [skalian] 
/sekarang/ [ skarang] 
Apocope 

Apocope is loss of the final segment of the word and final vowels. This is a very 

common change in languages. Missing the final segment of the word was occurred in Malay 

Manado language toward Indonesian language. Look at the following changes that occurred 

in samples: 

/tempat/     [tampa] 
/ikut/          [iko] 
/ikut-ikut/  [iko-iko] 
/pendek/    [ pende] 
/lidah/        [lida] 
/tambah/    [tamba] 

Compression 

Compression is the process of dropping off one or more syllables from the end or 

middle of a word. Look at the following changes that occurred in data: 

/jangan/  [ jang] 

/coba/      [co] 

/sudah/   [so] 

/terima kasih/  [makasih] 

Vowel Modification 

Vowel modification is a change in vowel as a result of the influence other sounds that 

follow. In  data findings, some of students produced vowel modification. In this vowel 

modification  process, there are some variations changed process happened. There are middle 

–low vowel /e/  become high front vowel /i/, middle –low vowel /e/  become  high back 

vowel /u/, sometimes phoneme addition in last words, and high back vowel /u/,  become high 

back vowel /o/. The complete data changed can be seen bellow: 

*/e/ [ i/] / C_C 

/kenapa/  [kinapa] 

*/e/  [u] / C_C 

/terus/    .[turus] 

*Ø[n] / _ # 

/Cuma/   [cuman] 



Journal al-Lisan 
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Volume 4 Nomor 1 -Februari 2018 
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7 
 

*/u/ [o] / C_C 

/hidup/   [hidop] 

*/a/  [o] / _ #  
 

Morphological Processes 

In this study, one of  morphological processes was prefix. Prefix in Malay Manado 

language are, ba-, ta-,ma-, or mo. Look at the following changes of the prefix from students’ 

speech in Indonesian language toward Malay Manado language that occurred: 

Data 1 

 Tadi     kita     ba    dengar….. 

 Adv     1st PS  Pref   dengar…. 

 ‘tadi saya   mendegarkan…’ 

 ‘I was listening’ 

Imperative Form 

 Imperative form is the form of a verb that is usually used for giving orders. On 

students’ speech in class discussion performance, the researcher found  this fenomena. The 

data can be seen below: 

Data 2 

Pertanyaan   selanjutnya, wey, capat  jo! 
Pertanyaan selanjutnya,    Part, cepat  Part 
‘Pertanyaan selanjutnya, hei cepat saja!’ 
‘The next question, Hei be quickly please! 

Reduplication 

 Reduplication is when a word an element of a word, or phrase is repeated. It can often 

result in change of meaning or tune. The researcher found some reduplication form in 

students’ speech. For instance: 

Data 3 

  Dia    suka  ba  baca   puisi di  tampa-tampa yang rame 

 3rd PS suka Pref baca  puisi di             Red       yang ramai 

 ‘Dia suka membaca puisi di tempat-tempat yang ramai’ 

 ‘He/She like to read a poem in a crowded places’ 

 

 



Journal al-Lisan 
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Volume 4 Nomor 1 -Februari 2018 
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Compounding Form 

 Compounding is the process of word formation that creates compound lexems. It 

occurs when two or more words are joined to make one longer word. It can be seen bellow: 

Data 4 

Kalo orang menulis puisi berdasarkan torang   pe    saki hati   misalnya 

Kalo orang menulis puisi berdasarkan  1st PPl  Poss    Comp     misalnya 

‘Kalau orang menulis puisi berdasarkan sakit hatinya kita misalnya’ 

‘ For example, If people write a poem base on our broken heart’ 

Negation Form 

 Negative form interference also occurred  in students’ speech class discussion 

performance. The data cen be seen below: 

Data 5 

 Saya bulum mangarti dengan isi dari karya ilmiah itu 

 Saya   Neg  mengerti dengan isi dari karya ilmiah itu 

 ‘Saya belum mengerti isi karya ilmiah itu’ 

 ‘ I do not understand yet the content of that scientific writing’ 

Lexical Process 

  Based on data analysis, the researcher found some kinds of lexical interference of 

Malay Manado language toward Indonesian language that occurred . They are in  verb, noun, 

adjective, personal pronoun, adverb, question form, language particle, possessive and 

preposition.  

a) Verb 

Data 6 

Kalo tidak cumu universitas dalam puisi,  pendengar akan menafsirkan….. 

Kalau tidak Verb universitas dalam puisi,pendengar akan menafsirkan 

‘Kalau tidak menyebut universitas dalam puisi pendengar akan menafsirkan…’ 

‘if you/we do not mention University in a poem,the listener will give definition….’ 

b) Noun 

Data 7 

 Jadi talinga juga tidak bisa ba dengar. 

 Jadi Noun   juga tidak bisa Pref dengar 



Journal al-Lisan 
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Volume 4 Nomor 1 -Februari 2018 
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 ‘Jadi telinga juga tidak bisa mendengar’ 

 So, I can not listen well” 

c) Adjective 

Data 8 

Depe ujung lida itu kurang panjang ada yang depe lidah cuma pende 

Poss  ujung lidah itu kurang panjang ada yang Poss lidah hanya  Adj 

‘Ujung lidahnya   itu kurang panjang ada yang lidahnya hanya pendek’ 

‘The top tongue is not long, there is human has a short tongue’ 

d) Personal Pronouns 

Data 9 

Ngana jawab kasana saja supaya tida ba tunggu bagini 
2nd PS jawab kasana saja supaya tidak Pref tunggu Part 
‘Kamu jawab saja, agar tidak menunggu seperti ini’ 
‘Just please you answer it, so we do not keep wating like this’ 

e) Adverb 
Data 10 

Tidak sampe dipenyimpangan puisi 
Tidak   Adv   dipenyimpangan puisi 
‘Tidak sampai pada penyimpangan puisi’ 
‘It is not until on the deviation of poem’ 

f) Question Form 

Data 11 
Sapa so moderator? 
Ques Part moderator? 
‘Siapa ya moderator?’ 
‘Who is actually moderator?’ 

g) Possesive 

Data 12  

Begitu saya  pe maksud! 
Begitu saya  Poss maksud! 
‘Begitu maksud saya’ 
‘That is, I mean’ 

Data 13 

Penjelasannya tidak tepat! depe jawaban agak rancu 
Penjelasannya tidak tepat! Poss jawaban agak rancu 
‘Penjelasannya tidak tepat!  jawabannya agak rancu’ 
‘The explanation is not clear, the answer are wrong’ 

h) Language Particle ‘Pa’ 

Data 14 

Tolong diulangi modrator! kurang  jelas tadi  pa saya soalnya    ba     ribut. 



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Tolong diulangi moderator! Kurang jelas tadi Part saya soalnya Pref  ribut 

‘Tolong diulangi moderator! Kurang jelas pada saya karena ribut’ 

‘Moderator, Repeat please! It is unclear on me because its very crowded’ 

 ‘Mo’ 

Data 15 

Kalo bukunya masih mo dipesan 
Kalau bukunya masih Part dipesan 
‘Kalau untuk bukunya masih mau dipesan’ 
‘The books still on the ordering’ 

 ‘Vor’ or ‘for’ 

Data 16 
    Dia     suka sesuatu itu,  ada untung ndak  vor     dia. 
   3rd PS suka  sesuatu itu,  ada  untung Part  Part  3rd PS 
   ‘Dia suka sesuatu itu,  ada untung tidak buat dia'  
   ‘He/She likes something, is there adventages or not for her/him’ 
‘Nyanda’  
Data 17 

   Nyanda ada pengertian-pengertian 
    Neg      ada  pengertian-pengertian 
   ‘Tidak ada bicara definisinya’ 
   ‘No talking definition here!’ 
 ‘Lebe’ 

Kalo Romeo dan Juliet dengan Uda dan dara lebe dulu yang mana? 
Kalau Romeo dan Juliet dengan Uda dan Dara Part Part yang mana? 
‘Kalau Romeo dan Juliet dengan Uda dan Dara lebih dahulu yang mana? 
‘Which one the first published between Romeo and Juliet or Uda dan Dara’ 
 ‘Dapa’ 

Data 19 
   Jangan yang hanya dapa nilai 100 yang di apresiasi. 
   Jangan yang hanya Part  nilai 100  yang di  apresiasi 
   ‘Jangan yang hanya dapat  nilai 100  yang di  apresiasi’ 
   ‘You can not give appreciation just for the student got a best score(100)’ 
‘So’ 

Data 20 

Ok. Trima kasih   so   bagitu 
Ok. Terima kasih Part  Part 
Ok. Terima Kasih sudah seperi itu 
‘Ok, Thank you. Like that’ 

 ‘Baku’ 

Data 21 

   Tidak apa-apa baku maso juga… 



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   Tidak apa-apa Part masuk juga 
   ‘Tidak masalah, saling berhubungan juga…’ 
   ‘It is OK. It is releated to…’ 
‘Cuma’ or ‘Cuman’ 

Data 22 

Bukan cuman  ngana. Bagitu saya  pe  maksud.pokoknya yang ba bagitu. 
Bukan    Part    2nd PS.   Part   saya  Poss maksud pokonya yang Pref Part 
‘Bukan hanya kamu. Begitu maksud saya. Pokoknya yang seperti itu’ 
‘Not only you. It is I mean. Just like that’ 
 ‘Stou’  

Data 23 
Tentang teorinya….apa stou…slide yang  ka   dua (2) 
Tentang teorinya….apa Part…slide yang Prep dua(2) 
‘Tentang teorinya….apa ya…slide yang  ke dua(2)’ 
’About the theory…what is..Second slide please’ 

‘Bagitu’ 

Data 24 

Bagitu saya   pe    maksud 
Part     saya  Poss maksud 
‘Begitu maksud saya’ 
‘That is I mean!’ 

 ‘Bagini’ 

Data 25 

Tidak ada yang lain? Macam bagini..bagitu..dan lain-lain? 

Tidak ada yang lain? Macam  Part …Part…dan lain- lain? 

‘Tidak ada yang lainnya? Seperti begini…begitu…dan lain-lain?’ 

‘What about the others? Like this..like that..and so on?’ 

‘Jo’ 

Data 26 
   Biar jo!   Supaya    dia      bertanya 
   Biar Part! Supaya 3rd PS bertanya 
   ‘Biarkan saja agar dia bertanya’ 
   ‘Let him in order he give question’ 
 ‘Kase’ 

Data 27 

Tiga-tiga ini kase satu atau? 
Tiga- tiga ini Part satu atau? 
‘Tiga-tiganya dsatukan atau? 
‘These three will be one or?’ 

‘Napa’ 

Napa dang! Mana itu? 



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Part  Part! Mana itu? 
‘Ini dia, mana itu? 
‘Here it is.where is it?’ 

‘Sampe’ 

Data 29 

Ini kelompok dua, jangan sampe macam kelompok ini ya! 
Ini kelompok dua, jangan  Part macam kelompok ini ya! 
Ini kelompok dua, jangan sampai macam kelompok ini ya! 
‘For group two, I do not like you seems like this group’ 

‘Toh’ 
Data 30 

Sastra itu puisi toh? 
Sastra itu puisi Part? 
‘Satra itu puisi kan? 
‘Art is a poem right? 

‘Dulu’ 

Data 31 

     Apa dulu?...e… 

 Apa Part ? …e.. 

   ‘Apa ya?...e…’ 

  ‘What is?..emm…’ 

‘Dang’ 

Data 32 

Maksudnya dapat dipertanggung jawabkan dasar-dasar depe fakta dang 

Maksudnya dapat dipertanggung jawabkan dasar-dasar Poss fakta Part 

‘Maksudnya dapat dipertanggung jawabkan dasar-dasar faktanya ya’ 

‘It is mean that  we can responsible with the main fact. Isn’t it? 

 ‘Co’ 

Data 33 

Co anda jelaskan kembali tentang remedial? 
Part anda jelaskan kembali tentang remedial? 
Coba anda jelaskan kembali tentang remedial? 
‘Please you just explain again about remedial?’ 

‘Trus’ 
Data 34 

Trus hasil pengetahuan itu apa? 
Part hasil pengetahuan itu apa? 
‘Terus hasil pengetahuan itu apa?’ 
‘And than, what is the result of the knowledge?’ 
 



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Preposition 

Data 35 

   Yang ka dua apa? 

   Yang Prep dua apa? 

   ‘Yang ke dua apa?’ 

   ‘What is the second? 

 

This study  found that there are many kinds and several forms of  interference  of 

Malay Manado Language toward Indonesian language, in  phonological, morphological, and 

lexical which presents all the time on students’ speech in class discussion performance. The  

data shows that,  most of students in Indonesian Language Studies in Gorontalo State 

University made several kinds of  interferences when they had class discussion performance. 

It  seems that, they do not mastery Indonesian language well, especially in phonological and 

lexical. The researcher found the high interference on students speech between phonological, 

morphological and lexical interference was in lexical interference. When the researcher did 

research on students in Indonesian Language Studies, most of students have a capability to 

speak Indonesian well. But, when they had a class discussion especially in giving question 

and answer sesion they got interference from Malay Manado language without repairing the 

language. It happens regularly in each discussion and in every groups  in class discussion 

performance. They had interference in phonological aspect that is assimilation, syncope, 

apocope, vowel modification, compression, and diftong. While in morphology aspect, they 

got interference in prefix addition, imperative form, reduplication, compounding form and 

negation form. Lastly , in lexical interference they had interference in verb, noun, adjective, 

adverb, personal pronoun, question form, language particle, possessive and preposition.  

D. Conclusions  

The conclusion from this study is most of students in Gorontalo State University in 

Indonesian Language Studies  still make several kinds of interference on their speech in class 

discussion performance such as phonological interference, morphological inteference, and 

lexical interference. Where in phonological interference the students produced type of 

interference namely  assimilation, merger coalescence or diphthong, syncope, apocope, 

compression, and lastly modification vowel. In morphological interference they produced 

prefix addition, imperative form, reduplication, compounding form and negation form. In 



Journal al-Lisan 
ISSN 2442-8965 & E ISSN 2442-8973 
Volume 4 Nomor 1 -Februari 2018 
http://journal.iaingorontalo.ac.id/index.php/al 
 
 

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Lexical interference, they created nine types of interference namely Verb, Noun, Adjective, 

Pronoun, Adverb, Question Form, Language Particle, Possessive, and the last is Preposition. 

Referring these conclusions, this study suggests that it is important for the students in 

Indonesian Language Studies to pay attention and make different between the use of 

Indonesian language and Malay Manado Language in formal  and non formal situation 

especially in class discussion performance. The lecturer should give some comments or 

repairing students speech, when they produced interference from other language in a wrong 

way during in students’ class discussion performance. 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 



Journal al-Lisan 
ISSN 2442-8965 & E ISSN 2442-8973 
Volume 4 Nomor 1 -Februari 2018 
http://journal.iaingorontalo.ac.id/index.php/al 
 
 

15 
 

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