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   Volume 5, Nomor 2, Agustus 2020 

          ISSN 2442-8965 (P) ISSN 2442-8973 (E) 

 

Naturalness of Translation in J. K. Rowling’s Novel Harry Potter and 

the Half Blood Prince into Indonesian 
 

Siti Aisyah & Dwi Harjanti  

buaisy12@gmail.com & dwi.harjanti@ums.ac.id  

Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Indonesia 

 

ABSTRACT 

A good quality of translation is known by assessing it. One way to assess translation product is 

by assessing the naturalness.  This research aims at describing the naturalness of translation in J. 

K. Rowling’s Harry Potter and the Half Blood Prince novel into Indonesian version Harry 

Potter dan Pangeran Berdarah Campuran. This is a descriptive qualitative research. The data 

were sentences in the original novel and its Indonesian translation. The data were collected 

using content analysis technique and analyzed using Larson theory of naturalness in translation 

and supported by other theories. This research does not mean to judge the translator but it is 

intended to give contribution to the development of translation by analyzing the naturalness of 

the translation.  The finding showed that there are four levels of naturalness found in the 

translation of the novel, such as (1) highly natural (171 data or 78.1 %), (2) natural (33 data or 

15.1 %), (3) less natural (13 data or 5.9 %), and (4) unnatural (2 data or 0.9 %). 

 

Keywords: Naturalness; Translation Quality; Novel.  

 

 

 
 

A. INTRODUCTION 

Translation takes an important role in learning foreign language. It deals with 

transferring the writer’s idea from source language into target language (Newmark, 

1987). House (2018: 9), Catford (1965: 20), and Larson (1998) state almost similar 

definition about translation that it refers to seeking for the equivalence between the 

source text and the target text. The equivalence should be semantically and 

pragmatically. Jacobson (1959/2004: 139 in Munday, 2008: 5) stated that translation 

refers to several definitions, namely translation as a general subject field, as a product, 

and as a process. Translation as a subject field refers to teaching and learning of 

translation in the academic field. Translation as a product refers to the text that has been 

translated into the target language. Translation as a process means the act of producing 

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the translation (ibid). It means that translation centralizes on the role of the translator in 

picking the source text (ST) and transforming it into a text in target language 

(Suttleworth and Cowie, 1997: 181 in Hatim and Munday, 2004).   

In translating a text, the translator should take some considerations to make the 

result of the translation has a good quality. The considerations are related to the culture 

(especially the source language), syntactical terms, and the message of the text. Besides, 

the other important things that should be paid attention by translator such as: first, the 

process of translation. It deals with the source text reading, target text writing, and the 

process itself (Schaeffer and Carl, 2015). The translator first reads the source text, and 

then produces the target text through a process. Nababan (2008: 25) mentions three 

steps in translation process, namely: (1) analyzing the source text where the translator 

reads the original text and comprehends the message; (2) transferring the message in 

which the translator transfers the content and the message of the original text to the 

target text (it is still in the translator mind); and (3) re-structuring in which the translator 

changes the original text into the target text by considering to find the equal message 

between the source language and the target language.  Larson (1998: 3-4) states that 

translation process consists of studying the lexicon, grammatical structure, 

communication situation, and cultural context of the source text; determining the 

meaning by analyzing it; and then reconstructing this same meaning using  lexicon and 

grammatical structure which are appropriate in a receptor language  and its cultural 

context. Here is the process of translation according to Larson (1998): 

Chart 1. The Process of Translating 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

SOURCE LANGUAGE RECEPTOR LANGUAGE 

Discover the 

meaning 

Re-express the 

meaning 

Text to be 

translated Translation 

Meaning 



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Second, the procedure of translation. Nida (1964 in Ordudari) mentions two kinds 

of translation procedure, such as (1) technical procedures which cover analyzing both 

the source and target languages; studying the source language text before translate it; 

and making judgments of semantic and syntactic approximation; (2)  organizational 

procedures which contain some activities like constant reevaluation of the attempt 

made; contrasting the translation with the existing translation of the same text done by 

other translators; and checking the text’s communicative effectiveness by asking the 

target language readers to evaluate the accuracy and effectiveness and to know their 

reactions. 

Third, techniques of translation. In order to make the translation product of the 

target text equivalent with the source text, the translator does some techniques. Mona 

and Albir (2002: 509 in Rahmawati, Nababan, & Santosa, 20016) mention some 

techniques in translation such as adaptation, amplification, borrowing, calques, 

compensation, description, discursive creation, established equivalence, generalization, 

linguistics amplification, linguistic comprehension, literal translation, modulation, 

particularization, reduction, substitution, transposition, and variation.  

The quality of translation can be identified through some assessments. According 

to Larson (1998: 529), the aim of assessing translation is to ensure that it is accurate, 

clear, and natural. He (1998: 533) explains ways of assessing translation such as: (1) 

comparison with the source to check whether or not the information content in TL 

equivalence with the SL; (2) back-translation into the source language which is done by 

asking someone else who masters the source and the target language well to read the 

translation and write the meaning he gets from it back into the source language again; 

(3) comprehension checks to know whether or not the speakers of the TL understand it 

correctly although they do not read it before; (4) naturalness and readability testing is to 

know if the form of the translation is natural and the style appropriate; and (5) 

consistency checks to check the consistency of the use of lexical equivalent for some 

key terms.  

The kinds of assessment can be applied to any kinds of translation. One of a very 

interesting field of translation is literary work such as, novel, film, poetry, and short 

story. Related to the background of the study above, this research is going to discuss the 



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translation quality assessment which is focused on the naturalness quality. It will 

analyze the naturalness of translation of a very famous novel by J. K. Rowling entitle 

“Harry Potter and the Half Blood Prince”  which has been translated into Indonesian 

“Harry Potter dan Pangeran Berdarah Campuran”. This novel has been translated into 

many languages and spread to all over the world. Not only children who like this novel, 

but also young people and the older ones. The acceptance of many people to this novel 

make it become interesting object to study, especially about its naturalness quality. 

There are some researches about naturalness, among others are: first, Baharuddin 

(2015) conducted a research investigating the naturalness of the Indonesian language 

used by the translator in the translation of Anna Frank’s The Diary of a Young Girl into 

Indonesian. The result of the research was that there are two things caused the 

translation unnatural in the text; they are the text structure and the meaning and sense. 

Second, Dewi et.al (2015) analyzed the naturalness of translation of short story Drupadi 

from Indonesian into English. They found that the translation has a highly natural 

quality, so that it can be used as a teaching material in language classes. Third, Safei 

and Salija (2018) analyzed the naturalness and accuracy of English short story 

translation into Indonesian. The research showed that the students’ translation of short 

story entitled The Proud Lion gained the score 7-8. It is called ‘almost completely 

successful’ classification from 30 students.  

This study differs from the above previous studies. The differences are in the 

focus being studied and the subject. This study is focused on naturalness of the 

translation of J. K. Rowling’s Harry Potter and the Half Blood into Indonesian Harry 

Potter dan Pangeran Berdarah Campuran. The problem to be discussed is how the 

naturalness quality of the translation is. By this research, it is expected that it will 

become reference to other researchers who are interested in translation and its 

development. It can give the illustration on how translator should translate the literary 

work by considering the naturalness of the translation product in order to make the 

readers understand it easily.  

In literary translation, naturalness becomes urgent to gain the equivalence 

meaning between source language and target language. Newmark (1988: 24, 26 in Safi 

and Syarifi, 1997) states that translation is natural when it uses common structure or 



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grammar, idioms and words that meets the situation. There are two features of 

naturalness in translation (ibid). They are primary feature (intelligibility and 

accessibility / readability); and secondary feature (well-formedness, acceptability, 

idiomaticity, authenticity and contemporaneity).  Intelligibility means the clarity of the 

translation that makes the readers comprehend it easily (Yusof, Aziz, & Darus, 2017). 

Accessibility or readability refers to the clarity of the translation due to the style of 

writing (Klare, 1963 in Ghoreishi & Aminzadeh, 2016). Well-formedness relates to the 

consistency of the translation to the TL grammar rules without any interference from the 

SL syntactic rules. Acceptability is the appropriateness of the translation with the TL 

linguistic and cultural norm. Idiomaticity is the inclination of using certain established 

formulas in the TL culture like proverbs, idioms and collocation. Authenticity means 

that the translation is free from linguistic and cultural interferences of SL. 

Contemporaneity characterized by the use of contemporary words instead of archaic 

ones (Yusof, Aziz, & Darus, 2017). 

Naturalness test is done to know if the form of the translation is natural and the 

style appropriate. It can be done by asking a reviewer to read it, making comments and 

giving suggestions. It will be better if the reviewer is one who is bilinguals in source 

language and target language. The first step done by reviewer is by reading the whole 

section of the translation at one time. The purpose of this step is to know the flow of the 

translation, and the whole meaning of the text. While reading, the reviewer mark any 

place where it is hard to read or it looks unnatural or unclear. If he feels hesitated and 

has to go back, and reread to understand, this should be marked. After finishing reading 

the translation, then he should go back and study carefully to the marker he makes. 

Then he can write some additional suggestions on it (Larson, 1998: 533-544). Then the 

reviewer can make some criteria to assess the naturalness of the translation. The 

following table is the criteria in assessing translation (Dewi, et.al, 2015 adapted from 

Larson, 1988: 531-532): 

 

 

 

 



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Table 1. Criteria in assessing naturalness 

Scale Level Criteria 

4 Highly 

natural 

Make sense and read naturally (written in ordinary 

language, common grammar, proper idioms and words) 

3 Natural  

 

Correct meaning, using appropriate idioms and words, 

but there are some error structures. 

2 Less natural Make sense with minimum unnatural words, grammar, 

phrase, or idioms. 

1 Unnatural Unnatural form, with awkward language, 

ungrammatical structure, and inappropriate words. 

 

B. RESEARCH METHOD  

This study is descriptive qualitative research. Qualitative research refers to a 

research which study how people deal with ‘their concrete real-life experiences in their 

own minds and in their own words’ (Cropley, 2019). It does not use statistical procedure 

as in quantitative research. One of the characteristics of qualitative research is the data 

are in the form of sentences and analyzed descriptively. The data in this research are in 

the form of sentences in the source text Harry Potter and the Half Blood Prince and its 

Indonesian translation. Harry Potter’s novel was chosen because it is very popular and 

has been translated into many languages. Thus, it is very interesting to analyze the 

extent of the naturalness of the translation that make the readers of any ages understand 

it easily and then love it. The data are collected by using documentation technique. The 

authors read the sentences in the source text and choose the corpus language. Next, the 

authors compare them to the Indonesian translation and analyzed descriptively by using 

the theory of naturalness. 

 

C. FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION 

Findings 

There are 219 data the writer used taken from the novel.  This research found that 

the naturalness level of the translation can be categorized as highly natural (171 data or 

78.1 %), natural (33 data or 15.1 %), less natural (13 data or 5.9 %) and unnatural (2 

data or 0.9 %). The translation is called having highly natural quality if it makes sense 



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and read naturally or written in ordinary language, common grammar, proper idioms 

and words. Translation is categorized as natural if it has correct meaning, using 

appropriate idioms and words, but there are some error structures. Translation is called 

less natural if it makes sense with minimum unnatural words, grammar, phrase, or 

idioms. Meanwhile, translation is called unnatural if it has unnatural form, with 

awkward language, ungrammatical structure, and inappropriate words. Here are the 

explanations of some data: 

1. Unnatural level 

Translation is categorized as unnatural if it has unnatural form, with awkward 

language, ungrammatical structure, and inappropriate words. The data showed that there 

are 2 unnatural translations which occur in the novel. Here they are: 

ST: And was it his fault that one of his Junior Ministers, Herbert Chorley, had 

chosen this week to act so peculiarly that he was now going to be pending a 

lot more time with his family? (p. 8) 

TT: Dan salahnyakah jika salah satu menteri mudanya, Herbert Chorley, telah 

memilih minggu ini untuk bersikap begitu ganjil sehingga sekarang dia 

akan melewatkan jauh lebih banyak waktu bersama keluarganya? (p. 10) 

 

As stated by Larson, translation is called natural if it is easy to read and not hard 

to understand. Meanwhile in this data, the translation is hard to understand especially in 

the sentence “telah memilih minggu ini untuk bersikap begitu ganjil sehingga dia 

melewatkan jauh lebih banyak waktu bersama keluarganya”. There is an ambiguity 

reference of the pronoun “dia”. Does it refer to the Prime Minister or to the Junior 

Minister, Herbert Chorley? It is unclear and makes the sentence unnatural.  Related to 

the naturalness of translation, Tytler (1907: 9 in Roger, 1999) and Nida (1964: 164 in 

ibid) states that translation should have natural and easy form of expression, so that it is 

read like the original text and not like a translation. The above translation is still using 

awkward language and still like a translation. In natural translation, translator is free to 

add or retrench the original text if it is needed in order to make it ease to comprehend 

(Tytler, 1779 in Fadaee, 2011). In this translation, there is no addition or reduction to 

make it more natural and easily understand. 

ST: “Good grief, so it’s your fault those people were killed and I’m having to 

answer questions about rusted rigging and corroded expansion joints and I 

don’t know what else!” said the Prime Minister furiously. (p. 21) 

TT: “Astaga, jadi kesalahan Anda-lah orang-orang ini terbunuh dan saya harus 

menjawab pertanyaan-pertanyaan tentang tiang penyangga berkarat dan 



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perpanjangan-sendi keropos dan entah apa lagi!” kata Perdana Menteri 

(p.23) 

 

In this data, the translator translates the sentence corroded expansion joints into 

perpanjangan-sendi keropos. In target language the translation is difficult to understand 

and seems strange. It has no intelligibility based on Newmarks criteria of natural 

translation. The translation does not make the readers comprehend it easily.  It sound 

unnatural and make the readers should think twice to understand. 

2. Less Natural Level 

Translation belongs to less natural if it makes sense with minimum unnatural 

word, grammar, phrase, or idioms. There are 13 data or 5.9 % categorized as having less 

natural quality. Here are the examples: 

ST: …, it was to find Hermione sitting at the kitchen table in great agitation, 

while Mrs Weasley tried to lessen her remembrance to half a panda. (p.123) 

TT: …, Hermione sedang duduk di kursi meja makan dengan sangat gelisah, 

sementara Mrs Weasley berusaha mengurangi kemiripannya dengan 

separo-panda. (p.131) 

 

The data show that a phrase in the source text ‘half a panda’ is translated 

literally correct to ‘separo panda’, but it belongs to less natural because it is uncommon 

phrase. The readers will be difficult to understand what ‘separo panda’ mean because 

this phrase is not ordinary use in target language. There is no panda which is only 

separo (a half), so it will make the readers confuse. Although the word separo panda is 

uncommon, but actually if the translator does not use the word separo, the readers will 

more understand, so it belongs to less natural translation. 

ST: Harry followed his gaze up the carefully tended front path and felt his heart 

sink. The front door was hanging off its hinges. (p.79) 

TT: Harry mengikuti pandangannya melewati jalan setapak dan hatinya 

mencelos. Pintu depan menggantung pada engselnya. (p.86) 

 

The translation belongs to less natural because it uses unnatural words. In this 

example, the target word mencelos is rarely used in daily conversation, so it can be 

categorized as unnatural word. It does not make the readers understand. This word is  

an archaic word, as stated by Newman that if translation use archaic words, so it is less 

natural. 

 

 



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3. Natural Level 

Translation is categorized as natural if it has correct meaning, using appropriate 

idioms and words, but there are some error structures. There 33 data or 15.1 % which 

are categorized as having natural quality of translation. The natural translation will be 

identified from the meaning which is equivalent, the appropriate idioms and common 

words. However, there is a small mistake related to the sentence structure, for example: 

ST: An immense chimney, relic of a disused mill, reared up, shadowy and 

ominous (p.29) 

TT: Sebuah cerobong besar, peninggalan penggilingan yang sudah tak 

terpakai, menjulang, seperti bayangan yang mengerikan (p.32). 

 

This translation can be said as having natural level because almost all the words 

are common words. The meaning of the translation are closest to the original text, 

however there is one word which make it strange, the word relic is translated into 

peninggalan, in which combined with the word penggilingan that need more than once 

to read in order to get the meaning. It is only a small mistake related to the structure of 

the sentence. 

ST: Fudge took a great, deep breath and said, “Prime Minister, I am very 

sorry to have to tell you that he’s back. He-Who-Must-Not-Be-Named is 

back.” (p.19) 

TT: Fudge menarik napas dalam-dalam dan berkata, “Perdana Menteri, saya 

sungguh menyesal terpaksa harus memberitahu Anda bahwa Dia yang 

Namanya Tak Boleh  Disebut telah kembali.” (p.21) 

 

In this data, the meaning of the source text and the target text is closest; however 

there is a difference structure between the two texts. In the source text there are two 

direct speeches using two words ‘back’, but in the target language the direct speech is 

only one sentence with one ‘kembali’. Although there is no strangeness in this 

translation and it can be understand easily or called natural, but there occurs a different 

structure between two sentences. 

4. Highly Natural Level  

Translation is called having highly natural quality if it makes sense and read 

naturally or written in ordinary language, common grammar, proper idioms and words. 

There are 171 data or 78.1 % belong to highly natural translation. It can be said that 

more than a half data show that the translation is natural. The readers will read and 

understand it easily as if it is the original text. Here are the examples:  



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ST: “I’m not getting rid of Kingsley Shacklebolt, if that’s what you’re 

suggesting!” said the Prime Minister hotly. (p. 27) 

TT: “Saya tidak bersedia memberhentikan Kingsley Shackebolt, kalau itu 

yang akan Anda usulkan!” kata Perdana Menteri panas.  (p.29)  

 

The data above show that the translation uses ordinary language. It can be 

understood easily. It also uses common grammar, correct use of capital letter and 

punctuation. The words used are not awkward. This translation can be categorized as 

having high level of naturalness. The all result of the findings is summarized as in the 

following table: 

Table 2: The Naturalness of Translation in the Novel  

Level Data Percentage 

Unnatural 

Less Natural 

Natural 

Highly Natural 

2 

13 

33 

171 

0.9 % 

5.9 % 

15.1 % 

78.1 % 

Total data 219 100% 

Discussion 

A major character in every translation work is the translation (final product) 

should be sounded natural. Before stating the features of the product the naturalness of 

translation proposed by the great translation authorities, and then mention the types of 

translations Unnatural translations, a distinction must be made between natural 

language, ordinary language, and basic language. "Natural language is a language which 

readable by everyone and it is formal. Ordinary language is a plain, non-technical 

language used by Oxford. Philosopher's explanation. Basic language is somewhere 

between formal and informal, easily understood, and it's made of the languages that are 

the most common people are frequently used" (Newmark, 1988:87). 

According to Belloc (1931: 30), "Natural and good translation must consciously 

attempt the original spirit at the letter's expense. This is much like saying that the 

translator needs to be original talent; he has to create himself: he has to have his own 

power, not just to offer a one to one translation”. Bates (1943: 121) says that; "If you 

want to translate a book naturally, you should know that, the translator’s task is not 



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confined to transferring of one sentence into a similar sentence in the target language, 

but that he/she is expected to search inconsistencies in the two languages, tackle them, 

and to overcome the deficiencies of his/her own language in respect of the unique 

characteristics found in the source language". 

The final translation of the two novels of J. K. Rowling’s Novel Harry Potter 

and the Half Blood Prince into Indonesian showed that the translator provided highly 

naturalness with 78.1 % of the whole translation. It means that the translator success to 

make the text readable, understood what kind of audience the original author had in 

mind when writing (Nida, 1943), made readers do not recognize it as translation at all 

(Rahimi, 2004), and used communicative translation more than semantic translation 

(Newmark, 1988). 

 

D. CONCLUSIONS  

Translation relates to the transfer of messages from source language to equivalent 

messages in target text. Translation is done through some process to get a good result 

and quality. Some method take by translator in the process of translation will give 

impact to the better translation. To know the quality of translation, some assessment can 

be done in a study. One example is by assessing the naturalness quality of the 

translation product. There are four levels of translation found, such as: highly natural, 

natural, less natural and unnatural level. By this study, it is hoped that other researchers 

can used it as reference in their research in field of translation. Some quality of 

translation which is needed to analyzed such accuracy, readability and acceptability.  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 



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