تخفيض المقاومة الهيدروليكية بأضافة المواد البولميرية في الجريان الأضطراربي في الأنابيب ٣٢٠١١العدد ٤المجلد وم الھندسیة مجلة القادسیة للعل ٥٣ بإضافةفي األنابیب لجریان الماء االضطرابي مقاومة الھیدرولیكیةاللتقلیلتجریبیةدراسة البولیمیرات . – خالصة معامل يتغي ، ي . )(PAM polyacrylamide،(% 0.025, 0.0130, علـى (0.005 )λ . ()PAM ( )λ ((37.95% – 6.51) . )PAM ((0.06% – على نسبة (0.005 )λ( لى )Δλ / λ %(6.51%44.62 )λ(،)Δλ / λ % ()Cp*(0.030.042 : ( Re = 25350 & 0.03%, Re =28355& 0.033 % , Re=34981&0.038 % , Re=39360 & 0.039% , Re=44985 &0.042%). : ، ، ، Experimental study to reduce the hydraulic resistance of water turbulent flow in pipes by polymer additives Abstract ٣٢٠١١العدد ٤المجلد وم الھندسیة مجلة القادسیة للعل ٥٤ The aim of this research is to study the effect of polymeric additives to water on friction coefficient change in a turbulent pipe flow which would cause in reduction of drag resistance. Experiment is done using the polyacrylamide ( PAM ) as polymeric additive to show the effect of addition of ( PAM ) with case low concentrations (0.005,0.013 , 0.025%) on the friction factor (λ) . The results show that the addition of (PAM) will reduce (λ) with a range from 6.51 to 37.95% comparable with the friction coefficient (λ) for water before addition in a turbulent flow case. Also a study of the addition effect of ( PAM ) with different concentrations between ( 0.005 – 0.06% ) on the reduction percent of (λ) is carried out . The results show increasing the effect of the addition (PAM ) cause in increasing the reduction percent Δλ / λ % with a range of 6.51 to 44.62% . It is found that the peak values called the optimum values(Cp*)of PAM between 0.03&0.042. Increasing the addition of PAM cause in decreasing the effect of reduction percent with concentrations at several Reynolds number as follows: ( Re = 25350 & 0.03%, Re = 28355& 0.033 % , Re=34981&0.038 % , Re=39360 & 0.039% , Re=44985 &0.042%). Key Words: Polyacrylamide Polymer (PAM), Friction Factor (λ), Reynolds Number , Reduction percentage Δλ / λ %. PAMPolyacrylamide Polymer λ Friction Factor λ1 λ2 معامل. Δλ / λ % Reduction percentage% Re Reynolds number K n Vm / sec µ)( /Kgكثا m3 νm3 Δ hMpa Lm Dm Qm3 / sec Cppolymer concentration LDALaser Doppler Anemometry wppm ٣٢٠١١العدد ٤المجلد وم الھندسیة مجلة القادسیة للعل ٥٥ ة . ,Toms)فة ا 1949) في . )Lumley, 1969(، )Hulsen & Kulken , 1997( )Lumley,1969 ;Povkh, 1979 ; Rabin, 1989( P A M . )Wei and Willmarth,1992((PAM) )هي 0.005%) . . )Du and Frisch , 1996( . ٍSreenivasan and White, 2000)((PAM) ٣٢٠١١العدد ٤المجلد وم الھندسیة مجلة القادسیة للعل ٥٦ ، . )Tobiason, et al, 2001((PAM) . )Chernyuk, et al , 2002( 15% . . ,Gyr and Bewersdorff كما (2009)LDA EXPERIMENTSLaser Doppler Anemometry 435)ي wppm))the strong shear-thinning behavior of the fluid(. )PAM(olyacrylamideP: C3H5NO . . Tareke, et al., 2002)( )Hydrolysis ()Acrylontrile ( )Nitrilehydratase( ،نیونكما بین ذلك جماعة من العلماء الصی.(Gao, et al, 1999). )1 ()1([Du, and Frisch, لل[1996 : WorkExperimental ٣٢٠١١العدد ٤المجلد وم الھندسیة مجلة القادسیة للعل ٥٧ )2(. :تيت ١.Flow meterي. ٢.Test section . ٣.Pr.gage. ٤.Mixing tank. ٥.Pump. ٦.Constant reservoir . 225 ,Draad :.مضافه (1996) (1)----[ 8V/D ]n-1=Kµ KnVD .µ) ( : Re = ----- (2) (%0.025, 0.013, 0.005) )1( )Chernyuk ,2002(:- L V2 ---- . -----λΔ h= D 2g ٣٢٠١١العدد ٤المجلد وم الھندسیة مجلة القادسیة للعل ٥٨ )λ ( )λ(مبينة في)2(. )Wei and Willmarth فـي . )1992 700 )2( . Cp 1=polymer concentration Cp% معامـل λ)%/(Δλ0.005%0.06% )3(. %Cp-)( . λ1 – λ2) / λ1%( =%λ/- Δ λ معامل نسبة هي. λ1- 2(تمثل معامل( λ2- عتمثل معامل. Discussion&Results :- ١.)3( , λ =f(Re) يقل 0.025% , 0.013% , 0.005% translationة vorticityهية يdeformation ، ، )Graebel, 2001( . ٢.)λ ( )2. ( 1498969978 ٣٢٠١١العدد ٤المجلد وم الھندسیة مجلة القادسیة للعل ٥٩ )Lumley, 1969( . %Cpنسبة .٣ %λ/λΔيي.)8-3(في هكما λ/λΔ ) *Cp(يةلا -:*Cpثالية Re = 25350Re = 28355Cp* = 0.03% Re = 34981Cp*= 0.033% Re = 39360Cp*= 0.038 % Re = 44985Cp*= 0.042 % *Cpم.٤ م م (Warholic et al,1999)ث Cp* >Cpثلى.٥ م نسج λ/λΔ ,Denاكما )λ(م 1995)( onclusionsC 1 .0.005%0.025% Re = 40000)3 ( 10.43 , 23.04 , 34.01 % . 2 .2535044985 %λ/λΔ ٣٢٠١١العدد ٤المجلد وم الھندسیة مجلة القادسیة للعل ٦٠ 21.3244.620.03%% 0.042. 3. )4-8 (2535044985 . تتبع. 4 :- : ( Quadratic Regression Routine on Calculator) مالئمة . المصادر Chernyuk,V.V, Pitsishin,B.S,Orel,V.L, (2002). " Influence of PAM additives on the head loss in abrupt contraction and expansions of pipes" , J.of Engineering Physics and thermo physics.vol.75,No.4,pp910-919. Den Toonder, J.M.J., Drag reduction by polymer additives in a turbulent pipe flow: Laboratory and numerical experiments. Ph.D. Thesis, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands (1995). Du,Y.Y,and Frisch,H.L , (1996). " In Physical properties of polymers" ,Hand book, edited by J.E.Mark . AIP press,Woodbury ,N.Y.,pp241-248. Draad, A.A., (1996)Laminar-turbulent transition in pipe flow for Newtonian and non- Newtonian fluids. Ph.D. Thesis, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands. Graebel W. R,(2001),"Engineering Fluid Mechanics" , Hand Book,Taylor &Francis Publishers, N.Y, pp369. Gao JP, Lin T, Wang W, Yu JG, Yuan SJ, Wang SM. (1999). "Accelerated chemical degradation of polyacrylamide". Macromolecular Symposia 144: 179-185. ISSN 1022-1360 Gyr, A. and Bewersdorff, H.-W. (2009), Drag Reduction of Turbulent Flows by Additives. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht. Hulsen,M.A ,Kulken,G.D . (1997)" Drag reduction by polymer additives in a turbulent pipe flow" ,J.Fluid Mech. Vol.337,pp193-231. 34000