PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS IN THE LIVERS OF MOOSE
HARVESTED IN THE SOUTHERN NORTHWEST TERRITORIES, CANADA

Nicholas C. Larter1, Derek Muir2, Xiaowa Wang2, Danny G. Allaire1, Allicia Kelly3, and
Karl Cox3

1Department of Environment & Natural Resources, Government of the Northwest Territories, PO Box
240, Fort Simpson, Northwest Territories, Canada X0E 0N0; 2Aquatic Contaminants Research Division,
Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, Ontario, Canada L7S 1A1; 3Department of
Environment & Natural Resources, Government of the Northwest Territories, PO Box 900, Fort Smith,
Northwest Territories, Canada X0E 0P0.

ALCES VOL. 53: e1–e33 (2017)

ANALYTICAL METHODS
PCBs, OCOs, and BFRs

Samples were thawed and thoroughly
homogenized in a small stainless steel blend-
er. Subsamples (3.5 to 5 g ww) were Soxhlet-
extracted with dichloromethane; all were
spiked with 1,3,5-tribromobenzene (TrBB)
prior to extraction. Recovery of brominated
compounds was monitored using BDE-71,
d16-gHBCD, and C13-BDE-209. 13C12-PCB-
133 was added as a recovery standard for
GPC performance for samples analyzed by
ALS Global. A laboratory blank consisting
of all reagents and 2 NIST reference materials
(cod liver SRM 1588b and fish muscle SRM
1946) were also analyzed with the 14 sam-
ples. The extracts were then rotary evapo-
rated under vacuum, exchanged into DCM:
hexane (1:1) and applied to a gel permeation
chromatography (GPC) column (60 g Bio-
beads SX3) to remove lipids and other
biogenic materials. The GPC eluate was
reduced to 1 mL under vacuum. Percent lipid
was determined gravimetrically on a sub-
sample of the extract or by evaporating the
first GPC fraction.

Extracts were cleaned up on a silica gel
column. NLET utilized activated silica gel
(8 g, 1.1 cm i.d. column), and eluted with
hexane followed by n-hexane/DCM (1:1) to
separate PCBs from most of the PBDEs

and OCPs. BDE-209 was quantitatively
eluted in the silica Fraction 1.

The ALS Global split the GPC elution
into separate OCP/OCO fractions that were
chromatographed on a 2% deactivated silica
gel column and then reduced to 0.05 mL
for analysis. The PCB fraction was cleaned
up on an acid-silica gel column (45% w/w
H2SO4 on Silica Gel topped with neutral
Silica Gel) then reduced to 0.04 mL for
anlaysis.

GC-ECD analysis was conducted on 7
Dehcho samples using a GC-ECD (Agilent
6890 gas chromatograph with a 63Ni-electron
capture detector [ECD]) using a 30 m x 0.25
mm (i.d.) DB-5 column (internal film thick-
ness 0.25 mm; J&W Scientific, Folsom,
California, USA) with H2 carrier gas (con-
stant flow rate 0.91 mL min-1). Ultra-pure
N2 was used as the makeup gas for the ECD
(detector temperature: 325 C). The GC-ECD
quantification of OCs in each sample was
performed using a 4-point external standard
calibration curve. Calibration standards were
quantified after every 10 samples.

Toxaphene-related compounds, including
22 polychlorinated bornane congeners as
well as α- and β-endosulfan and endosulfan
sulfate, were quantified by GC-electron cap-
ture-negative ion mode (ECNI) mass spec-
trometry using an Agilent 6890 GC-5975

1



MS system as described by Hoekstra et al.
(2002). Toxaphene and homologues were
quantified using a “Hercules” technical
standard as described by Glassmeyer et al.
(1999). Individual polychlorinated bornane
congeners were quantified using a series of ex‐
ternal calibration standards (Dr. Ehrenstofer,
Augsburg, Germany). Alpha- and beta-
endosulfan, and endosulfan sulfate were
quantified by external standards using the
characteristic fragment ions m/z 406 and
m/z 273.

Analyses of all PBDEs and other bromi-
nated flame retardants (BFRs) was carried
out by GC-ECNIMS on an Agilent 6890-
5975 MS using an HP5-MS capillary column
(30 m x 0.25 mm x 0.25 um film thickness).
Helium was the carrier gas, and separation was
performed at a constant flow of 1.2 mL/min
(Muir et al. 2006). The mass spectrometer
was operated in the NCI mode, methane
was the buffer gas, and temperature was 106,
150, and 300 °C for the quadrupole, the ion
source, and the interface, respectively. The
analytes were monitored at m/z 79/81 using
an external standard calibration, except for
C13-BDE-209 which was monitored at m/z
493/495 and native BDE-209 at m/z 487/
485. Any β- and γ-HBCDD residues in the
samples were most likely thermally isomer-
ized to α-HBCDD in the GC injection port,
thus, results represent total HBCDD (Muir
et al. 2006).

PFASs
An internal standard mixture of 13C-PFASs

was added to every sample and extracted by
shaking twice with acetonitrile. The extract
was evaporated under nitrogen to dryness
and reconstituted with 1 mL of methanol.
The extract was cleaned with a graphite

carbon solid phase cartridge (Supelco).
Cleaned up extracts were analyzed for
PFCAs as well as PFSAs. The analyses
were performed by liquid chromatography
with negative electrospray tandem mass
spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Analytes were
detected using an API 4000 Q Trap (Applied
Biosystems, Carlsbad, California, USA) after
chromatographic separation with an Agilent
1100 LC. Chromatography was performed
using an ACE C18 column (50 mm x
2.1 mm, 3 µm particle size; Aberdeen, United
Kingdom), preceded by a C18 guard column
(4.0 x 2.0 mm, Phenomenex) and the column
oven was set to 30 °C. Samples were quanti-
fied with a 6 point calibration curve and
isotopic dilution method.

QUALITY ASSURANCE
Recoveries of internal standards ranged

from 79% for δ-HCH to 120% for PCB-204
(Table S4) in Dehcho samples analysed by
GC-ECD, and from 59% for endrin ketone
to 138% for 1245-TTBB in samples analysed
by GC-HRMS/LRMS. A recovery spike
demonstrated good recoveries of 32 OCP/
OCOs (55-101%) and 18 PBDE/BFRs (71–
133%) (Table S5). Slight losses of more vola-
tile compounds (e.g., hexachlorobutadiene)
and recovery enhancement due to contri‐
bution from laboratory reagent blanks (BDE
47) explain the recovery variation. No correc-
tions for recovery were made based on this
information. Analysis of the reference mate-
rials (NIST SRMs 1588b and 1946) showed
good agreement with all analytes quantified
to within ±25% of certified values of
OCP/OCOs (17 compounds) and PCBs (29
congeners).

2

POPS IN MOOSE LIVERS – LARTER ET AL. ALCES VOL. 53, 2017



T
ab
le

S
1
.
L
is
t
o
f
m
o
o
se

sa
m
p
le
s,
co
ll
ec
ti
o
n
y
ea
r,
ag
e,

se
x,

b
io
lo
g
ic
al

ch
ar
ac
te
ri
st
ic
s,
h
ar
v
es
t
d
at
e
an
d
lo
ca
ti
o
n
.

R
eg
io
n

ID
A
g
e

S
ex

C
o
n
d
it
io
n

E
/G
/F

1
H
u
n
te
r
es
t.
ag
e

D
at
e
H
ar
v
es
te
d

L
at
it
u
d
e

o
N

L
o
n
g
it
u
d
e

o
W

S
o
u
th

S
la
v
e

S
S
R
-M

O
-1
1
-4

<
1

M
F

C
al
f

2
0
-F
eb
-1
0

6
0
.2
1

11
2
.1
3

S
S
R
-M

O
-1
1
-7

1
M

E
A
d
u
lt

1
0
-J
an
-1
0

6
0
.6
4

11
2
.2
7

S
S
R
-M

O
-1
1
-8

4
M

n
/a

A
d
u
lt

4
-O

ct
-1
0

6
0
.7
6

11
2
.1
9

S
S
R
-M

O
-1
1
-9

4
M

G
A
d
u
lt

1
3
-D

ec
-1
0

6
0
.7
9

11
6
.2
2

S
S
R
-M

O
-1
1
-1
0

<
1

M
G

Y
ea
rl
in
g

3
0
-S
ep
-1
0

6
0
.8
5

11
4
.4
9

S
S
R
-M

O
-1
1
-1
2

<
1

F
G

ca
lf

8
-F
eb
-1
0

6
0
.7
8

11
2
.7
8

S
S
R
-M

O
-1
1
-1
3

9
F

n
/a

A
d
u
lt

8
-F
eb
-1
0

6
0
.7
8

11
2
.7
8

D
eh
ch
o

G
E
N
-1
4

3
M

G
A
d
u
lt

2
1
-F
eb
-0
6

6
1
.5
5

1
2
1
.1
8

G
E
N
-1
5

6
F

G
A
d
u
lt

0
2
-M

ar
-0
6

6
1
.6
4

1
2
1
.0
6

G
E
N
-1
6

1
2

F
G

A
d
u
lt

0
6
-M

ar
-0
6

6
1
.6
0

1
2
1
.1
4

G
E
N
-1
7

<
1

F
G

C
al
f

0
6
-M

ar
-0
6

6
1
.6
0

1
2
1
.1
4

G
E
N
-1
8

<
1

M
G

C
al
f

2
4
-M

ar
-0
6

6
1
.5
0

1
2
0
.6
2

G
E
N
-1
9

2
M

E
A
d
u
lt

1
8
-M

ar
-0
6

6
1
.4
8

1
2
0
.6
2

JM
R
-4

5
F

E
A
d
u
lt

2
4
-M

ar
-0
6

6
1
.4
9

1
2
0
.6
4

1
H
u
n
te
r
co
n
d
it
io
n
ev
al
u
at
io
n
.
E
=
ex
ce
ll
en
t,
G
=
g
o
o
d
,
F
=
fa
ir
.
n
/a

=
n
o
t
av
ai
la
b
le
.

ALCES VOL. 53, 2017 LARTER ET AL. – POPS IN MOOSE LIVERS

3



T
ab
le
S
2
.
L
is
t
o
f
in
d
iv
id
u
al
o
rg
an
oh
al
o
ge
n
an
al
yt
es

al
o
ng

w
it
h
th
ei
r
M
D
L
s
(n
g
/g

w
w
)
u
si
ng

ei
th
er

G
C
w
it
h
h
ig
h
o
r
lo
w
re
so
lu
ti
o
n
M
S
,
G
C
-N

C
IM

S
,
o
r
G
C
-E
C
D
.

M
D
L
3

M
D
L

C
la
ss

1
C
o
m
m
o
n
n
am

e
C
h
em

ic
al

o
r
o
th
er

n
am

e
In
st
ru
m
en
ta
l
an
al
y
si
s

G
C
-M

S
G
C
-E
C
D

O
C
O

H
ex
ac
h
lo
ro
b
u
ta
d
ie
n
e

G
C
-H

R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
0
5

0
.0
3
2

O
C
O

1
,2
,4
,5
-T
et
ra
ch
lo
ro
b
en
ze
n
e

1
,2
,4
,5
-t
et
ra
ch
lo
ro
b
en
ze
n
e

G
C
-H

R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

0
.0
9
9

0
.0
0
7

O
C
O

1
,2
,3
,4
-T
et
ra
ch
lo
ro
b
en
ze
n
e

1
,2
,3
,4
-t
et
ra
ch
lo
ro
b
en
ze
n
e

G
C
-H

R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

0
.1
0
8

0
.0
1
5

O
C
P

P
en
ta
ch
lo
ro
b
en
ze
n
e

p
en
ta
ch
lo
ro
b
en
ze
n
e

G
C
-H

R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

0
.0
7
7

<
0
.0
0
2

O
C
O

3
4
5
-t
ri
ch
lo
ro
v
er
at
ro
le

G
C
-H

R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

n
a

0
.0
1
2

O
C
P

P
en
ta
ch
lo
ro
an
is
o
le

G
C
-H

R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
0
8

0
.0
2
4

O
C
O

H
ex
ac
h
lo
ro
b
en
ze
n
e

G
C
-H

R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
2
6

<
0
.0
0
2

O
C
O

3
,4
,5
,6
-T
et
ra
ch
lo
ro
v
er
at
ro
le

G
C
-H

R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
1
6

<
0
.0
11

O
C
P

α-
H
C
H

α-
h
ex
ac
h
lo
ro
cy
cl
o
h
ex
an
e

G
C
-H

R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
5
9

0
.0
1
5

O
C
P

β-
H
C
H

β-
h
ex
ac
h
lo
ro
cy
cl
o
h
ex
an
e

G
C
-H

R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.1

0
.0
1
3

O
C
P

γ-
H
C
H

li
n
d
an
e

G
C
-H

R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
7
5

<
0
.0
0
2

O
C
P

H
ep
ta
ch
lo
r

G
C
-H

R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
1
8

0
.0
8

O
C
P

P
en
ta
ch
lo
ro
n
it
ro
b
en
ze
n
e

G
C
-H

R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
7
5

n
a

O
C
P

A
ld
ri
n

G
C
-H

R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
11

0
.0
2
6

O
C
P

D
ac
th
al

G
C
-H

R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
5
6

n
a

O
C
P

O
ct
ac
h
lo
ro
st
y
re
n
e

G
C
-H

R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
2
5

0
.0
1
6

O
C
P

H
ep
ta
ch
lo
rE
p
o
x
id
e

G
C
-H

R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
6
9

0
.0
4
7

O
C
P

O
x
y
ch
lo
rd
an
e

G
C
-H

R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
1
9

<
0
.0
0
2

O
C
P

tr
an
s-
ch
lo
rd
an
e

G
C
-H

R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
3
7

0
.0
0
5

O
C
P

ci
s-
ch
lo
rd
an
e

G
C
-H

R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
3
2

0
.0
1
2

O
C
P

tr
an
s-
n
o
n
ac
h
lo
r

G
C
-H

R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
3
5

0
.0
6
2

O
C
P

D
ie
ld
ri
n

G
C
-H

R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
1
8

0
.0
8
8

O
C
P

ci
s-
n
o
n
ac
h
lo
r

G
C
-H

R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
3
9

0
.0
2
4

O
C
P

E
n
d
ri
n

G
C
-H

R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.3
8
7

0
.0
2
3

T
ab
le

S
2
co
n
ti
n
u
ed

.
.
.
.

4

POPS IN MOOSE LIVERS – LARTER ET AL. ALCES VOL. 53, 2017



T
ab
le

S
2
co
n
ti
n
u
ed

M
D
L
3

M
D
L

C
la
ss

1
C
o
m
m
o
n
n
am

e
C
h
em

ic
al

o
r
o
th
er

n
am

e
In
st
ru
m
en
ta
l
an
al
y
si
s

G
C
-M

S
G
C
-E
C
D

O
C
P

2
4
'-
D
D
E

G
C
-H

R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
1

0
.0
0
1

O
C
P

4
4
'-
D
D
E

G
C
-H

R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
1

0
.0
2
1

O
C
P

2
4
'-
D
D
D

G
C
-H

R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
1

0
.0
1
4

O
C
P

4
4
'-
D
D
D

G
C
-H

R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
1

0
.0
2

O
C
P

2
4
'-
D
D
T

G
C
-H

R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
1

0
.0
2

O
C
P

4
4
'-
D
D
T

G
C
-H

R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
1

0
.0
2

O
C
P

M
et
h
o
x
y
ch
lo
r

G
C
-H

R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
1

0
.0
1
9

O
C
P

M
ir
ex

G
C
-H

R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

0
.0
6
8

0
.0
1

P
C
B
s

P
C
B
-1

m
o
n
o
ch
lo
ro
b
ip
h
en
y
l

G
C
-L
R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
0
2

n
a

P
C
B
s

P
C
B
-3

m
o
n
o
ch
lo
ro
b
ip
h
en
y
l

G
C
-L
R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
0
2

n
a

P
C
B
s

P
C
B
4
/1
0

d
ic
h
lo
ro
b
ip
h
en
y
l

G
C
-L
R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.1
6
6

P
C
B
s

P
C
B
7
/9

d
ic
h
lo
ro
b
ip
h
en
y
l

G
C
-L
R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.1
5
8

P
C
B
s

P
C
B
6

d
ic
h
lo
ro
b
ip
h
en
y
l

G
C
-L
R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.0
4
2

P
C
B
s

P
C
B
8
/5

d
ic
h
lo
ro
b
ip
h
en
y
l

G
C
-L
R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.0
7
8

P
C
B
s

P
C
B
1
2
/1
3

d
ic
h
lo
ro
b
ip
h
en
y
l

G
C
-L
R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
0
2

1
.1
1

P
C
B
s

P
C
B
1
5

d
ic
h
lo
ro
b
ip
h
en
y
l

G
C
-L
R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.0
3
6

P
C
B
s

P
C
B
1
9

tr
ic
h
lo
ro
b
ip
h
en
y
l

G
C
-L
R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

P
C
B
s

P
C
B
1
8

tr
ic
h
lo
ro
b
ip
h
en
y
l

G
C
-L
R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.2
11

P
C
B
s

P
C
B
1
7

tr
ic
h
lo
ro
b
ip
h
en
y
l

G
C
-L
R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
0
2

n
a

P
C
B
s

P
C
B
2
7
/2
4

tr
ic
h
lo
ro
b
ip
h
en
y
l

G
C
-L
R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.0
3
6

P
C
B
s

P
C
B
1
6
/3
2

tr
ic
h
lo
ro
b
ip
h
en
y
l

G
C
-L
R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.1
1
9

P
C
B
s

P
C
B
2
6

tr
ic
h
lo
ro
b
ip
h
en
y
l

G
C
-L
R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.1
1
2

P
C
B
s

P
C
B
2
5

tr
ic
h
lo
ro
b
ip
h
en
y
l

G
C
-L
R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.0
1
9

T
ab
le

S
2
co
n
ti
n
u
ed

.
.
.
.

ALCES VOL. 53, 2017 LARTER ET AL. – POPS IN MOOSE LIVERS

5



T
ab
le

S
2
co
n
ti
n
u
ed

M
D
L
3

M
D
L

C
la
ss

1
C
o
m
m
o
n
n
am

e
C
h
em

ic
al

o
r
o
th
er

n
am

e
In
st
ru
m
en
ta
l
an
al
y
si
s

G
C
-M

S
G
C
-E
C
D

P
C
B
s

P
C
B
3
1

tr
ic
h
lo
ro
b
ip
h
en
y
l

G
C
-L
R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.4
4
5

P
C
B
s

P
C
B
2
8

tr
ic
h
lo
ro
b
ip
h
en
y
l

G
C
-L
R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.0
5

P
C
B
s

P
C
B
2
0
/3
3
/2
1

tr
ic
h
lo
ro
b
ip
h
en
y
l

G
C
-L
R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.1
5
5

P
C
B
s

P
C
B
2
2

tr
ic
h
lo
ro
b
ip
h
en
y
l

G
C
-L
R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.0
9
7

P
C
B
s

P
C
B
3
7

tr
ic
h
lo
ro
b
ip
h
en
y
l

G
C
-L
R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
0
2

P
C
B
s

P
C
B
5
3

te
tr
ac
h
lo
ro
b
ip
h
en
y
l

G
C
-L
R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.1
1
7

P
C
B
s

P
C
B
4
5

te
tr
ac
h
lo
ro
b
ip
h
en
y
l

G
C
-L
R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.1
3
6

P
C
B
s

P
C
B
4
6

te
tr
ac
h
lo
ro
b
ip
h
en
y
l

G
C
-L
R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.0
5
8

P
C
B
s

P
C
B
7
3
/5
2

te
tr
ac
h
lo
ro
b
ip
h
en
y
l

G
C
-L
R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.9
1
3

P
C
B
s

P
C
B
4
3
/4
9

te
tr
ac
h
lo
ro
b
ip
h
en
y
l

G
C
-L
R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.4
4
6

P
C
B
s

P
C
B
4
8
/4
7
/7
5

te
tr
ac
h
lo
ro
b
ip
h
en
y
l

G
C
-L
R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
0
2

5
.1
5
2

P
C
B
s

P
C
B
4
4

te
tr
ac
h
lo
ro
b
ip
h
en
y
l

G
C
-L
R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.5
5
4

P
C
B
s

P
C
B
5
9
/4
2

te
tr
ac
h
lo
ro
b
ip
h
en
y
l

G
C
-L
R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.2
1

P
C
B
s

P
C
B
7
1
/4
1
/6
8
/6
4

te
tr
ac
h
lo
ro
b
ip
h
en
y
l

G
C
-L
R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.4
1
7

P
C
B
s

P
C
B
1
0
0

p
en
ta
ch
lo
ro
b
ip
h
en
y
l

G
C
-L
R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.0
5
2

P
C
B
s

P
C
B
6
3

te
tr
ac
h
lo
ro
b
ip
h
en
y
l

G
C
-L
R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.0
2
4

P
C
B
s

P
C
B
7
4
/6
1

te
tr
ac
h
lo
ro
b
ip
h
en
y
l

G
C
-L
R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.2
4
1

P
C
B
s

P
C
B
7
0
/7
6

te
tr
ac
h
lo
ro
b
ip
h
en
y
l

G
C
-L
R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.6
6
3

P
C
B
s

P
C
B
8
0
/6
6

te
tr
ac
h
lo
ro
b
ip
h
en
y
l

G
C
-L
R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.3
7
5

P
C
B
s

P
C
B
5
6
/6
0

te
tr
ac
h
lo
ro
b
ip
h
en
y
l

G
C
-L
R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.2
2
9

P
C
B
s

P
C
B
8
1

te
tr
ac
h
lo
ro
b
ip
h
en
y
l

G
C
-L
R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.4
1
3

P
C
B
s

P
C
B
9
5
/9
3

p
en
ta
ch
lo
ro
b
ip
h
en
y
l

G
C
-L
R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.6
4
1

P
C
B
s

P
C
B
9
1

p
en
ta
ch
lo
ro
b
ip
h
en
y
l

G
C
-L
R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.1
4
6

T
ab
le

S
2
co
n
ti
n
u
ed

.
.
.
.

6

POPS IN MOOSE LIVERS – LARTER ET AL. ALCES VOL. 53, 2017



T
ab
le

S
2
co
n
ti
n
u
ed

M
D
L
3

M
D
L

C
la
ss

1
C
o
m
m
o
n
n
am

e
C
h
em

ic
al

o
r
o
th
er

n
am

e
In
st
ru
m
en
ta
l
an
al
y
si
s

G
C
-M

S
G
C
-E
C
D

P
C
B
s

P
C
B
9
2

p
en
ta
ch
lo
ro
b
ip
h
en
y
l

G
C
-L
R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.1
5
6

P
C
B
s

P
C
B
8
4
/9
0
/1
0
1
/8
9

p
en
ta
ch
lo
ro
b
ip
h
en
y
l

G
C
-L
R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.2
6

P
C
B
s

P
C
B
8
9
-1
0
1

p
en
ta
ch
lo
ro
b
ip
h
en
y
l

G
C
-L
R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.6
9
2

P
C
B
s

P
C
B
9
9

p
en
ta
ch
lo
ro
b
ip
h
en
y
l

G
C
-L
R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.3
1
9

P
C
B
s

P
C
B
11
9

p
en
ta
ch
lo
ro
b
ip
h
en
y
l

G
C
-L
R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.0
2
2

P
C
B
s

P
C
B
8
3
/1
0
8

p
en
ta
ch
lo
ro
b
ip
h
en
y
l

G
C
-L
R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.0
8
9

P
C
B
s

P
C
B
9
7

p
en
ta
ch
lo
ro
b
ip
h
en
y
l

G
C
-L
R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.1
7
2

P
C
B
s

P
C
B
8
6
/1
11
/1
2
5
/1
1
7
/8
7
/1
1
6
/1
1
5

p
en
ta
ch
lo
ro
b
ip
h
en
y
l

G
C
-L
R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
0
2

n
a

P
C
B
s

P
C
B
1
2
0
/8
5

p
en
ta
ch
lo
ro
b
ip
h
en
y
l

G
C
-L
R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

0
.0
5
5

0
.0
9
2

P
C
B
s

P
C
B
11
0

p
en
ta
ch
lo
ro
b
ip
h
en
y
l

G
C
-L
R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.4
6
1

P
C
B
s

P
C
B
1
3
6

h
ex
ac
h
lo
ro
b
ip
h
en
y
l

G
C
-L
R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.1
1
4

P
C
B
s

P
C
B
8
2

p
en
ta
ch
lo
ro
b
ip
h
en
y
l

G
C
-L
R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.0
4
9

P
C
B
s

P
C
B
1
0
7
/1
0
9

p
en
ta
ch
lo
ro
b
ip
h
en
y
l

G
C
-L
R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.0
5
9

P
C
B
s

P
C
B
1
2
3

p
en
ta
ch
lo
ro
b
ip
h
en
y
l

G
C
-L
R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.4
0
6

P
C
B
s

P
C
B
11
8
/1
0
6

p
en
ta
ch
lo
ro
b
ip
h
en
y
l

G
C
-L
R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.2
9
8

P
C
B
s

P
C
B
11
4

p
en
ta
ch
lo
ro
b
ip
h
en
y
l

G
C
-L
R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.0
2
4

P
C
B
s

P
C
B
1
0
5
/1
2
7

p
en
ta
ch
lo
ro
b
ip
h
en
y
l

G
C
-L
R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.1
4
1

P
C
B
s

P
C
B
1
2
6

p
en
ta
ch
lo
ro
b
ip
h
en
y
l

G
C
-L
R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
0
2

n
a

P
C
B
s

P
C
B
1
5
1

h
ex
ac
h
lo
ro
b
ip
h
en
y
l

G
C
-L
R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.1
7
3

P
C
B
s

P
C
B
1
3
5
/1
4
4

h
ex
ac
h
lo
ro
b
ip
h
en
y
l

G
C
-L
R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.6
5
1

P
C
B
s

P
C
B
1
3
9
/1
4
9

h
ex
ac
h
lo
ro
b
ip
h
en
y
l

G
C
-L
R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
0
2

n
a

P
C
B
s

P
C
B
1
3
1
/1
6
5
/1
4
2

h
ex
ac
h
lo
ro
b
ip
h
en
y
l

G
C
-L
R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.0
2
1

P
C
B
s

P
C
B
1
4
6

h
ex
ac
h
lo
ro
b
ip
h
en
y
l

G
C
-L
R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.0
5
6

T
ab
le

S
2
co
n
ti
n
u
ed

.
.
.
.

ALCES VOL. 53, 2017 LARTER ET AL. – POPS IN MOOSE LIVERS

7



T
ab
le

S
2
co
n
ti
n
u
ed

M
D
L
3

M
D
L

C
la
ss

1
C
o
m
m
o
n
n
am

e
C
h
em

ic
al

o
r
o
th
er

n
am

e
In
st
ru
m
en
ta
l
an
al
y
si
s

G
C
-M

S
G
C
-E
C
D

P
C
B
s

P
C
B
1
5
3

h
ex
ac
h
lo
ro
b
ip
h
en
y
l

G
C
-L
R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.2
9
3

P
C
B
s

P
C
B
1
3
2
/1
6
8

h
ep
ta
ch
lo
ro
b
ip
h
en
y
l

G
C
-L
R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.1
3
5

P
C
B
s

P
C
B
1
4
1

h
ex
ac
h
lo
ro
b
ip
h
en
y
l

G
C
-L
R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.0
6
8

P
C
B
s

P
C
B
1
3
7

h
ex
ac
h
lo
ro
b
ip
h
en
y
l

G
C
-L
R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
0
2

3
.9
7
1

P
C
B
s

P
C
B
1
6
3
/1
6
4
/1
3
8

h
ex
ac
h
lo
ro
b
ip
h
en
y
l

G
C
-L
R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.2
8
3

P
C
B
s

P
C
B
1
5
8
/1
6
0

h
ex
ac
h
lo
ro
b
ip
h
en
y
l

G
C
-L
R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.0
4
4

P
C
B
s

P
C
B
1
2
9

h
ex
ac
h
lo
ro
b
ip
h
en
y
l

G
C
-L
R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.0
1
8

P
C
B
s

P
C
B
1
5
9

h
ex
ac
h
lo
ro
b
ip
h
en
y
l

G
C
-L
R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
0
2

n
a

P
C
B
s

P
C
B
1
2
8

h
ex
ac
h
lo
ro
b
ip
h
en
y
l

G
C
-L
R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.0
2
8

P
C
B
s

P
C
B
1
6
7

h
ex
ac
h
lo
ro
b
ip
h
en
y
l

G
C
-L
R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.0
1

P
C
B
s

P
C
B
1
5
6

h
ex
ac
h
lo
ro
b
ip
h
en
y
l

G
C
-L
R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.0
1
3

P
C
B
s

P
C
B
1
5
7

h
ex
ac
h
lo
ro
b
ip
h
en
y
l

G
C
-L
R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
0
1

P
C
B
s

P
C
B
1
6
9

h
ex
ac
h
lo
ro
b
ip
h
en
y
l

G
C
-L
R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
0
2

n
a

P
C
B
s

P
C
B
1
8
2
/1
8
7

h
ep
ta
ch
lo
ro
b
ip
h
en
y
l

G
C
-L
R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.1
0
9

P
C
B
s

P
C
B
1
8
3

h
ep
ta
ch
lo
ro
b
ip
h
en
y
l

G
C
-L
R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.0
4
6

P
C
B
s

P
C
B
1
7
4
/1
8
1

h
ep
ta
ch
lo
ro
b
ip
h
en
y
l

G
C
-L
R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.0
7
2

P
C
B
s

P
C
B
1
7
7

h
ep
ta
ch
lo
ro
b
ip
h
en
y
l

G
C
-L
R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.1
4
3

P
C
B
s

P
C
B
1
7
1

h
ep
ta
ch
lo
ro
b
ip
h
en
y
l

G
C
-L
R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.0
4
2

P
C
B
s

P
C
B
1
7
2
/1
9
2

h
ep
ta
ch
lo
ro
b
ip
h
en
y
l

G
C
-L
R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.0
1
8

P
C
B
s

P
C
B
1
9
7

o
ct
ac
h
lo
o
ro
b
ip
h
en
y
l

G
C
-L
R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.0
0
7

P
C
B
s

P
C
B
1
8
0

h
ep
ta
ch
lo
ro
b
ip
h
en
y
l

G
C
-L
R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.0
8
7

P
C
B
s

P
C
B
1
9
3

h
ep
ta
ch
lo
ro
b
ip
h
en
y
l

G
C
-L
R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.1
3
2

P
C
B
s

P
C
B
1
9
1

h
ep
ta
ch
lo
ro
b
ip
h
en
y
l

G
C
-L
R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
0
1

T
ab
le

S
2
co
n
ti
n
u
ed

.
.
.
.

8

POPS IN MOOSE LIVERS – LARTER ET AL. ALCES VOL. 53, 2017



T
ab
le

S
2
co
n
ti
n
u
ed

M
D
L
3

M
D
L

C
la
ss

1
C
o
m
m
o
n
n
am

e
C
h
em

ic
al

o
r
o
th
er

n
am

e
In
st
ru
m
en
ta
l
an
al
y
si
s

G
C
-M

S
G
C
-E
C
D

P
C
B
s

P
C
B
1
7
0
/1
9
0

h
ep
ta
ch
lo
ro
b
ip
h
en
y
l

G
C
-L
R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.0
3

P
C
B
s

P
C
B
-2
0
2

o
ct
ac
h
lo
ro
b
ip
h
en
y
l

G
C
-L
R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
0
2

n
a

P
C
B
s

P
C
B
1
9
9

o
ct
ac
h
lo
ro
b
ip
h
en
y
l

G
C
-L
R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.0
0
8

P
C
B
s

P
C
B
1
9
6
/2
0
3

o
ct
ac
h
lo
ro
b
ip
h
en
y
l

G
C
-L
R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.0
2
2

P
C
B
s

P
C
B
1
9
5

o
ct
ac
h
lo
ro
b
ip
h
en
y
l

G
C
-L
R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.0
1
5

P
C
B
s

P
C
B
1
9
4

o
ct
ac
h
lo
ro
b
ip
h
en
y
l

G
C
-L
R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.0
0
5

P
C
B
s

P
C
B
2
0
5

o
ct
ac
h
lo
ro
b
ip
h
en
y
l

G
C
-L
R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
0
1

P
C
B
s

P
C
B
2
0
8

n
o
n
ac
h
lo
ro
b
ip
h
en
y
l

G
C
-L
R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.0
0
2

P
C
B
s

P
C
B
2
0
7

n
o
n
ac
h
lo
ro
b
ip
h
en
y
l

G
C
-L
R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
0
1

P
C
B
s

P
C
B
2
0
6

n
o
n
ac
h
lo
ro
b
ip
h
en
y
l

G
C
-L
R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.0
1
3

P
C
B
s

P
C
B
2
0
9

d
ec
ac
h
lo
ro
b
ip
h
en
y
l

G
C
-L
R
M
S
,
G
C
-E
C
D

0
.0
8

0
.0
0
4

S
u
m

o
p
-
an
d
p
p
'-
D
D
T
re
la
te
d

Σ
D
D
T

S
u
m

o
x
y
ch
lo
rd
an
e.
C
&

t-
ch
lo
rd
an
e,
c
&

t-
n
o
n
ac
h
lo
r,

h
ep
ta
ch
lo
r,
h
ep
ta
ch
lo
r
ep
o
x
id
e

Σ
C
H
L

S
u
m

α,
β,

γ-
H
C
H

Σ
H
C
H

S
u
m

te
tr
a,
P
eC

B
z,
H
C
B

Σ
C
B
z

S
u
m

α-
,
β
+
su
lf
at
e

Σ
en
d
o
su
lf
an

S
u
m

P
C
B
s

Σ
P
C
B

S
u
m

m
o
n
o
-d
i
C
B
s

Σ
m
o
n
o
-d
i

S
u
m

tr
i
C
B
s

Σ
tr
i

S
u
m

te
tr
a
cB

s
Σ
te
tr
a

S
u
m

p
en
ta

C
B
s

Σ
p
en
ta

S
u
m

h
ex
a
C
B
s

Σ
h
ex
a

T
ab
le

S
2
co
n
ti
n
u
ed

.
.
.
.

ALCES VOL. 53, 2017 LARTER ET AL. – POPS IN MOOSE LIVERS

9



T
ab
le

S
2
co
n
ti
n
u
ed

M
D
L
3

M
D
L

C
la
ss

1
C
o
m
m
o
n
n
am

e
C
h
em

ic
al

o
r
o
th
er

n
am

e
In
st
ru
m
en
ta
l
an
al
y
si
s

G
C
-M

S
G
C
-E
C
D

S
u
m

h
ep
ta

C
B
s

Σ
h
ep
ta

S
u
m

o
ct
a
C
B
s

Σ
o
ct
a

S
u
m

n
o
n
a-
d
ec
a
C
B
s

Σ
n
o
n
a-
d
ec
a

E
n
d
o
su
lf
an

α-
E
n
d
o
su
lf
an

<
0
.0
0
2

E
n
d
o
su
lf
an

β-
E
n
d
o
su
lf
an

<
0
.0
0
2

E
n
d
o
su
lf
an

E
n
d
o
su
lf
an

su
lf
at
e

<
0
.0
0
2

P
er
fl
u
o
ro
su
lf
o
n
at
es

P
F
B
S

P
er
fl
u
o
ro
b
u
ta
n
e
su
lf
o
n
at
e

L
C
-M

S
/M

S
<
0
.0
0
1

P
er
fl
u
o
ro
su
lf
o
n
at
es

P
F
H
x
S

P
er
fl
u
o
ro
h
ex
an
e
su
lf
o
n
at
e

L
C
-M

S
/M

S
<
0
.0
0
1

P
er
fl
u
o
ro
su
lf
o
n
at
es

P
F
H
p
S

P
er
fl
u
o
ro
h
ep
ta
n
e
su
lf
o
n
at
e

L
C
-M

S
/M

S
<
0
.0
0
1

P
er
fl
u
o
ro
su
lf
o
n
at
es

P
F
O
S

P
er
fl
u
o
ro
o
ct
an
e
su
lf
o
n
at
e

L
C
-M

S
/M

S
0
.2
9
9

P
er
fl
u
o
ro
su
lf
o
n
at
es

P
F
D
S

P
er
fl
u
o
ro
d
ec
an
e
su
lf
o
n
at
e

L
C
-M

S
/M

S
<
0
.0
0
1

P
er
fl
u
o
ro
su
lf
o
n
at
es

P
F
O
S
A

P
er
fl
u
o
ro
o
ct
an
es
u
lf
o
n
am

id
e

L
C
-M

S
/M

S
<
0
.0
0
1

P
er
fl
u
o
ro
su
lf
o
n
at
es

Σ
P
F
S
A
s

S
u
m

p
er
fl
u
o
ro
su
lf
o
n
at
es

L
C
-M

S
/M

S

P
er
fl
u
o
ro
ca
rb
o
x
y
la
te
s

P
F
H
x
A

P
er
fl
u
o
ro
h
ex
an
o
at
e

L
C
-M

S
/M

S
0
.1
7
9

P
er
fl
u
o
ro
ca
rb
o
x
y
la
te
s

P
F
H
p
A

P
er
fl
u
o
ro
h
ep
ta
n
o
at
e

L
C
-M

S
/M

S
0
.0
3
6

P
er
fl
u
o
ro
ca
rb
o
x
y
la
te
s

P
F
O
A

P
er
fl
u
o
ro
o
ct
an
o
at
e

L
C
-M

S
/M

S
0
.2
1
3

P
er
fl
u
o
ro
ca
rb
o
x
y
la
te
s

P
F
N
A

P
er
fl
u
o
ro
n
o
n
an
o
at
e

L
C
-M

S
/M

S
0
.0
4
6

P
er
fl
u
o
ro
ca
rb
o
x
y
la
te
s

P
F
D
A

P
er
fl
u
o
ro
d
ec
an
o
at
e

L
C
-M

S
/M

S
0
.2
5
6

P
er
fl
u
o
ro
ca
rb
o
x
y
la
te
s

P
F
U
n
A

P
er
fl
u
o
ro
u
n
d
ec
an
o
at
e

L
C
-M

S
/M

S
0
.0
8
5

P
er
fl
u
o
ro
ca
rb
o
x
y
la
te
s

P
F
D
o
A

P
er
fl
u
o
ro
u
n
d
o
d
ec
an
o
at
e

L
C
-M

S
/M

S
0
.1
5
9

P
er
fl
u
o
ro
ca
rb
o
x
y
la
te
s

P
F
T
A

P
er
fl
u
o
ro
tr
id
ec
an
o
at
e

L
C
-M

S
/M

S
0
.0
8
9

P
er
fl
u
o
ro
ca
rb
o
x
y
la
te
s

P
F
T
rA

P
er
fl
u
o
ro
te
tr
ad
ec
an
o
at
e

L
C
-M

S
/M

S
0
.1
3
1

P
er
fl
u
o
ro
ca
rb
o
x
y
la
te
s

Σ
P
F
C
A
s

S
u
m

p
er
fl
u
o
ro
ca
rb
o
x
y
la
te
s

L
C
-M

S
/M

S

T
ab
le

S
2
co
n
ti
n
u
ed

.
.
.
.

10

POPS IN MOOSE LIVERS – LARTER ET AL. ALCES VOL. 53, 2017



T
ab
le

S
2
co
n
ti
n
u
ed

M
D
L
3

M
D
L

C
la
ss

1
C
o
m
m
o
n
n
am

e
C
h
em

ic
al

o
r
o
th
er

n
am

e
In
st
ru
m
en
ta
l
an
al
y
si
s

G
C
-M

S
G
C
-E
C
D

T
o
x
ap
h
en
e

T
o
x
ap
h
en
e

T
ec
h
n
ic
al

st
an
d
ar
d

G
C
-E
C
N
IM

S
<
0
.0
5

T
o
x
ap
h
en
e
h
o
m
o
lo
g
s

H
ex
a

T
ec
h
n
ic
al

st
an
d
ar
d

G
C
-E
C
N
IM

S
<
0
.0
5

T
o
x
ap
h
en
e
h
o
m
o
lo
g
s

H
ep
ta

T
ec
h
n
ic
al

st
an
d
ar
d

G
C
-E
C
N
IM

S
<
0
.0
5

T
o
x
ap
h
en
e
h
o
m
o
lo
g
s

O
ct
a

T
ec
h
n
ic
al

st
an
d
ar
d

G
C
-E
C
N
IM

S
<
0
.0
5

T
o
x
ap
h
en
e
h
o
m
o
lo
g
s

N
o
n
a

T
ec
h
n
ic
al

st
an
d
ar
d

G
C
-E
C
N
IM

S
<
0
.0
5

T
o
x
ap
h
en
e
h
o
m
o
lo
g
s

D
ec
a

T
ec
h
n
ic
al

st
an
d
ar
d

G
C
-E
C
N
IM

S
<
0
.0
5

C
h
lo
ro
b
o
rn
an
es

2
P
ar
la
r
11
-1
2

G
C
-E
C
N
IM

S
<
0
.0
5

C
h
lo
ro
b
o
rn
an
es

P
ar
la
r
1
5

G
C
-E
C
N
IM

S
<
0
.0
2

C
h
lo
ro
b
o
rn
an
es

H
ex
-s
ed

G
C
-E
C
N
IM

S
<
0
.0
2

C
h
lo
ro
b
o
rn
an
es

P
ar
la
r
2
1

B
7
-4
9
9

G
C
-E
C
N
IM

S
<
0
.0
2

C
h
lo
ro
b
o
rn
an
es

H
ep
-s
ed

G
C
-E
C
N
IM

S
<
0
.0
2

C
h
lo
ro
b
o
rn
an
es

P
ar
la
r
2
5

G
C
-E
C
N
IM

S
<
0
.0
2

C
h
lo
ro
b
o
rn
an
es

P
ar
la
r
3
2

B
7
-5
1
5

G
C
-E
C
N
IM

S
<
0
.0
2

C
h
lo
ro
b
o
rn
an
es

P
ar
la
r
2
6

B
8
-1
4
1
3

G
C
-E
C
N
IM

S
<
0
.0
2

C
h
lo
ro
b
o
rn
an
es

P
ar
la
r
3
1

G
C
-E
C
N
IM

S
<
0
.0
2

C
h
lo
ro
b
o
rn
an
es

P
ar
la
r
3
8

B
8
-7
8
9

G
C
-E
C
N
IM

S
<
0
.0
2

C
h
lo
ro
b
o
rn
an
es

P
ar
la
r
3
9

B
8
-5
3
1

G
C
-E
C
N
IM

S
<
0
.0
2

C
h
lo
ro
b
o
rn
an
es

P
ar
la
r
4
0
-4
1

B
8
-1
4
1
4
/1
9
4
5

G
C
-E
C
N
IM

S
<
0
.0
2

C
h
lo
ro
b
o
rn
an
es

P
ar
la
r
4
2

B
8
-8
0
6

G
C
-E
C
N
IM

S
<
0
.0
2

C
h
lo
ro
b
o
rn
an
es

P
ar
la
r
4
4

B
8
-2
2
2
9

G
C
-E
C
N
IM

S
<
0
.0
2

C
h
lo
ro
b
o
rn
an
es

P
ar
la
r
5
0

B
9
-1
6
7
9

G
C
-E
C
N
IM

S
<
0
.0
2

C
h
lo
ro
b
o
rn
an
es

P
ar
la
r
5
1

B
8
-7
8
6

G
C
-E
C
N
IM

S
<
0
.0
2

C
h
lo
ro
b
o
rn
an
es

P
ar
la
r
5
6

B
9
-1
0
4
6

G
C
-E
C
N
IM

S
<
0
.0
2

T
ab
le

S
2
co
n
ti
n
u
ed

.
.
.
.

ALCES VOL. 53, 2017 LARTER ET AL. – POPS IN MOOSE LIVERS

11



T
ab
le

S
2
co
n
ti
n
u
ed

M
D
L
3

M
D
L

C
la
ss

1
C
o
m
m
o
n
n
am

e
C
h
em

ic
al

o
r
o
th
er

n
am

e
In
st
ru
m
en
ta
l
an
al
y
si
s

G
C
-M

S
G
C
-E
C
D

C
h
lo
ro
b
o
rn
an
es

P
ar
la
r
5
8

B
9
-7
1
5

G
C
-E
C
N
IM

S
<
0
.0
2

C
h
lo
ro
b
o
rn
an
es

P
ar
la
r
5
9

B
9
-1
0
4
9

G
C
-E
C
N
IM

S
<
0
.0
2

C
h
lo
ro
b
o
rn
an
es

P
ar
la
r
6
2

B
9
-1
0
2
5

G
C
-E
C
N
IM

S
<
0
.0
2

C
h
lo
ro
b
o
rn
an
es

P
ar
la
r
6
3

B
9
-2
2
0
6

G
C
-E
C
N
IM

S
<
0
.0
2

C
h
lo
ro
b
o
rn
an
es

P
ar
la
r
6
9

B
1
0
-1
11
0

G
C
-E
C
N
IM

S
<
0
.0
2

P
B
D
E
s

B
D
E
1
7

d
ib
ro
m
o
d
ip
h
en
y
l
et
h
er

G
C
-E
C
N
IM

S
<
0
.0
0
2

P
B
D
E
s

B
D
E
2
8
/3
3

tr
ib
ro
m
o
d
ip
h
en
y
l
et
h
er

G
C
-E
C
N
IM

S
<
0
.0
0
2

P
B
D
E
s

B
D
E
4
9

te
tr
ab
ro
m
o
d
ip
h
en
y
l
et
h
er

G
C
-E
C
N
IM

S
<
0
.0
0
2

P
B
D
E
s

B
D
E
4
7

te
tr
ab
ro
m
o
d
ip
h
en
y
l
et
h
er

G
C
-E
C
N
IM

S
<
0
.0
3
5

P
B
D
E
s

B
D
E
6
6

te
tr
ab
ro
m
o
d
ip
h
en
y
l
et
h
er

G
C
-E
C
N
IM

S
<
0
.0
0
2

P
B
D
E
s

B
D
E
1
0
0

p
en
ta
b
ro
m
o
d
ip
h
en
y
l
et
h
er

G
C
-E
C
N
IM

S
<
0
.0
0
2

P
B
D
E
s

B
D
E
9
9

p
en
ta
b
ro
m
o
d
ip
h
en
y
l
et
h
er

G
C
-E
C
N
IM

S
<
0
.0
2
2

P
B
D
E
s

B
D
E
8
5

p
en
ta
b
ro
m
o
d
ip
h
en
y
l
et
h
er

G
C
-E
C
N
IM

S
<
0
.0
0
2

P
B
D
E
s

B
D
E
1
5
4

h
ex
ab
ro
m
o
d
ip
h
en
y
l
et
h
er

G
C
-E
C
N
IM

S
<
0
.0
0
2

P
B
D
E
s

B
D
E
1
5
3

h
ex
ab
ro
m
o
d
ip
h
en
y
l
et
h
er

G
C
-E
C
N
IM

S
<
0
.0
0
2

P
B
D
E
s

B
D
E
1
3
8

h
ex
ab
ro
m
o
d
ip
h
en
y
l
et
h
er

G
C
-E
C
N
IM

S
<
0
.0
0
2

P
B
D
E
s

B
D
E
1
8
3

h
ep
ta
b
ro
m
o
d
ip
h
en
y
l
et
h
er

G
C
-E
C
N
IM

S
<
0
.0
0
2

P
B
D
E
s

B
D
E
1
9
0

h
ep
ta
b
ro
m
o
d
ip
h
en
y
l
et
h
er

G
C
-E
C
N
IM

S
<
0
.0
0
2

P
B
D
E
s

B
D
E
2
0
9

d
ec
ab
ro
m
o
d
ip
h
en
y
l
et
h
er

G
C
-E
C
N
IM

S
<
0
.5
5
8

S
u
m

P
B
D
E
s

Σ
P
B
D
E
s

O
th
er

B
F
R
s

T
B
P
-A

E
A
ll
y
l
2
,4
,6
-t
ri
b
ro
m
o
p
h
en
y
l
et
h
er

G
C
-E
C
N
IM

S
<
0
.0
0
2

O
th
er

B
F
R
s

p
T
B
X

te
tr
ab
ro
m
o
x
y
le
n
e

G
C
-E
C
N
IM

S
<
0
.0
0
2

O
th
er

B
F
R
s

T
B
P
-D

B
P
E

2
-B
ro
m
o
al
ly
l
2
,4
,6
-t
ri
b
ro
m
o
p
h
en
y
l

et
h
er

G
C
-E
C
N
IM

S
<
0
.0
0
2

T
ab
le

S
2
co
n
ti
n
u
ed

.
.
.
.

12

POPS IN MOOSE LIVERS – LARTER ET AL. ALCES VOL. 53, 2017



T
ab
le

S
2
co
n
ti
n
u
ed

M
D
L
3

M
D
L

C
la
ss

1
C
o
m
m
o
n
n
am

e
C
h
em

ic
al

o
r
o
th
er

n
am

e
In
st
ru
m
en
ta
l
an
al
y
si
s

G
C
-M

S
G
C
-E
C
D

O
th
er

B
F
R
s

P
B
B
e

p
en
ta
b
ro
m
o
b
en
ze
n
e

G
C
-E
C
N
IM

S
<
0
.0
0
2

O
th
er

B
F
R
s

T
B
C
T

te
tr
ab
ro
m
o
-o
-c
h
lo
ro
to
lu
en
e

G
C
-E
C
N
IM

S
<
0
.0
0
2

O
th
er

B
F
R
s

P
B
T
o

p
en
ta
b
ro
m
o
to
lu
en
e

G
C
-E
C
N
IM

S
<
0
.0
0
2

O
th
er

B
F
R
s

P
B
E
B

p
en
ta
b
ro
m
o
et
h
y
lb
en
ze
n
e

G
C
-E
C
N
IM

S
<
0
.0
0
2

O
th
er

B
F
R
s

D
P
T
E
/T
B
P
-D

B
P
E

2
,3
-D

ib
ro
m
o
p
ro
p
y
l
2
,4
,6
-

tr
ib
ro
m
o
p
h
en
y
l
et
h
er

G
C
-E
C
N
IM

S
<
0
.0
0
2

O
th
er

B
F
R
s

H
B
B

h
ex
ab
ro
m
o
b
en
ze
n
e

G
C
-E
C
N
IM

S
<
0
.0
0
2

O
th
er

B
F
R
s

B
B
-1
0
1

p
en
et
ab
ro
m
o
b
ip
h
en
y
l

G
C
-E
C
N
IM

S
<
0
.0
0
2

O
th
er

B
F
R
s

P
B
B
A

p
en
ta
b
ro
m
o
b
en
zy
l
ac
ry
la
te

G
C
-E
C
N
IM

S
<
0
.0
0
2

O
th
er

B
F
R
s

E
H
T
eB

B
2
-e
th
y
l-
1
-h
ex
y
l
2
,3
,4
,5
-

te
tr
ab
ro
m
o
b
en
zo
at
e

G
C
-E
C
N
IM

S
<
0
.0
0
2

O
th
er

B
F
R
s

H
B
C
D
D

h
ex
ab
ro
m
o
cy
cl
o
d
o
d
ec
an
e

G
C
-E
C
N
IM

S
<
0
.0
0
2

O
th
er

B
F
R
s

B
T
B
P
E

b
is
(t
ri
b
ro
m
o
p
h
en
o
x
y
)
et
h
an
e

G
C
-E
C
N
IM

S
<
0
.0
0
2

O
th
er

B
F
R
s

B
E
H
T
B
P

B
is
(2
-e
th
y
l-
1
-h
ex
y
l)

te
tr
ab
ro
m
o
p
h
th
al
at
e

G
C
-E
C
N
IM

S
<
0
.0
0
2

O
C
O

sy
n
-D

P
S
y
n
-D

ec
h
lo
ra
n
e

G
C
-E
C
N
IM

S
<
0
.0
0
2

O
C
O

an
ti
-D

P
A
n
ti
-D

ec
h
lo
ra
n
e

G
C
-E
C
N
IM

S
<
0
.0
0
2

O
th
er

B
F
R
s

O
B
IN

D
O
ct
ab
ro
m
o
tr
im

et
h
y
lp
h
en
y
li
n
d
an
e

G
C
-E
C
N
IM

S
<
0
.0
0
2

1
O
C
O
=
o
th
er

ch
lo
ri
n
at
ed

o
rg
an
ic
,
O
C
P
=
o
rg
an
o
ch
lo
ri
n
e
p
es
ti
ci
d
e
re
la
te
d
,
P
C
B
=
p
o
ly
ch
lo
ri
n
at
ed

b
ip
h
en
y
l,
P
B
D
E
=
p
o
ly
b
ro
m
in
at
ed

d
ip
h
en
y
l
et
h
er
,
B
F
R
=
b
ro
m
in
at
ed

fl
am

e
re
ta
rd
an
t.

2
N
o
m
en
cl
at
u
re

o
f
ch
lo
ro
b
o
rn
an
es

b
as
ed

o
n
A
n
d
re
w
s
an
d
V
et
te
r
1
9
9
5
.

3
M
D
L
=
m
et
h
o
d
d
et
ec
ti
o
n
li
m
it
=
3
*
S
D
o
f
b
la
n
k
v
al
u
es
.“
n
a”

=
n
o
t
an
al
y
se
d
.W

h
er
e
n
o
n
d
et
ec
t
v
al
u
es

w
er
e
p
re
se
n
t
in

b
la
n
k
s
a“
<
”
v
al
u
es

w
er
e
u
se
d
.T

h
es
e
ar
e
in
st
ru
m
en
t

d
et
ec
ti
o
n
li
m
it
s
b
as
ed

o
n
S
/N

o
f
ap
p
ro
x
im

at
el
y
1
0
:1
.

ALCES VOL. 53, 2017 LARTER ET AL. – POPS IN MOOSE LIVERS

13



Table S3. Comparison of GC-MS and GC-ECD analysis of 3 moose liver samples. See Table S2 for full list
analytes represented by each group.

moose moose moose moose moose moose

GC-MS ECD GC-MS ECD GC-MS ECD

GEN-14 Gen-14 GEN-15 Gen-15r GEN-16 Gen-16

Target Analytes ng/g ww ng/g ww ng/g ww ng/g ww ng/g ww ng/g ww

ΣDDT <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 0.01
ΣCHL 0.09 0.02 0.02 0.05 0.02 0.02
ΣHCH 0.11 0.13 0.07 0.11 0.07 0.12
HCB 0.19 0.17 0.24 0.12 0.20 0.15

ΣPCB 0.62 0.30 1.07 0.74 1.03 0.89
smono-di 0.22 0.06 0.44 0.11 0.21 0.13

Σ-tri 0.26 0.13 0.11 0.15 0.11 0.31
Σ-tetra 0.08 0.08 0.33 0.19 0.42 0.27
Σ-penta 0.05 <0.002 0.18 0.17 0.06 0.02
Σ-hexa 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.07
Σ-endosulfan 0.01 0.07 0.03 0.04 0.03 0.12

Table S4. Recoveries of internal standards during or prior to sample extraction.

% recovery % recovery

Compound GC-ECD analysis (n = 7) SD GC-MS analysis (n = 10) SD

1,3-DBB 84.7 3.5 85.6 23.9

1,3,5-TBB 80.2 3.8 112 29.2

1,2,4,5-TTBB 87.7 4.3 138 35.3

δ-HCH 79.0 5.2 110 39.3
Endrin Ketone 91.8 5.1 59.4 37.2

PCB 30 108 3.3 94.0 5.1

PCB 204 120 4.4 98.6 3.0

D16-gHBCDD1 84.1 17.7
13C-BDE-2091 67.4 15.8
13C12-PCB133 82.3 8.0

1HBCDD and BDE-209 were determined in n=7 samples by GC-NCIMS following GC-ECD analysis.

14

POPS IN MOOSE LIVERS – LARTER ET AL. ALCES VOL. 53, 2017



T
ab
le

S
5
.
R
ec
o
v
er
ie
s
o
f
a
O
C
P
s
an
d
P
B
D
E
st
an
d
ar
d
sp
ik
e
(n

=
1
)
d
u
ri
n
g
an
al
y
si
s
o
f
th
e
m
o
o
se

li
v
er

sa
m
p
le
s.

A
n
al
y
te

%
A
n
al
y
te

%
A
n
al
y
te

%

P
B
D
E
1
7

9
5

H
ex
ac
h
lo
ro
b
u
ta
d
ie
n
e

5
5

α-
en
d
o
su
lf
an

9
7

P
B
D
E
2
8
/3
3

1
0
1

1
,2
,4
,5
-T
T
C
B

7
0

ci
s-
C
h
lo
rd
an
e

7
2

P
B
D
E
4
9

8
6

1
,2
,3
,4
-T
T
C
B

6
8

T
ra
n
s-
n
o
n
ac
h
lo
r

6
7

P
B
D
E
7
1

9
6

P
E
C
B

6
6

D
ie
ld
ri
n

7
9

P
B
D
E
4
7

1
3
8

3
,4
,5
-t
ri
ch
lo
ro
v
er
at
ro
le

8
7

p
,p
-D

D
E

6
7

P
B
D
E
6
6

1
0
3

α-
H
C
H

6
3

o
p
-D

D
D

8
6

P
B
D
E
1
0
0

11
6

β-
H
C
H

7
8

E
n
d
ri
n

6
9

P
B
D
E
9
9

1
3
3

H
C
B

7
1

b
-E
n
d
o
su
lf
an

7
7

P
B
D
E
8
5

1
0
7

3
,4
,5
,6
-t
et
ra
ch
lo
ro
v
er
at
ro
le

7
6

p
,p
’-
D
D
D

7
2

P
B
D
E
1
5
4

1
0
0

P
en
ta
ch
lo
ro
an
is
o
le

6
8

ci
s-
n
o
n
ac
h
lo
r

6
0

P
B
D
E
1
5
3

1
0
4

γ-
H
C
H

(L
in
d
an
e)

6
7

o
,p
’-
D
D
T

7
2

P
B
D
E
1
3
8

8
5

H
ep
ta
ch
lo
r

5
9

p
,p
’-
D
D
T

6
8

P
B
D
E
1
8
3

9
2

A
ld
ri
n

6
4

M
et
h
o
x
y
ch
lo
r

1
0
1

P
B
D
E
1
9
0

9
2

H
ep
ta
ch
lo
r
E
p
o
x
id
e

7
9

M
ir
ex

7
5

P
B
D
E
2
0
9

7
1

O
x
y
ch
lo
rd
an
e

8
1

H
B
C
D
D

7
3

O
ct
ac
h
lo
ro
st
y
re
n
e

6
2

B
T
B
P
E

7
8

tr
an
s-
ch
lo
rd
an
e

6
2

D
B
D
P
E

11
7

o
,p
’-
D
D
E

7
2

ALCES VOL. 53, 2017 LARTER ET AL. – POPS IN MOOSE LIVERS

15



T
ab
le

S
6
.
A
ri
th
m
et
ic

an
d
g
eo
m
et
ri
c
m
ea
n
co
n
ce
n
tr
at
io
n
s
o
f
O
C
P
/O
C
O
s
an
d
P
C
B
s
in

m
o
o
se

li
v
er

fr
o
m

th
e
D
eh
ch
o
an
d
S
o
u
th

S
la
v
e
re
g
io
n
s
o
f
th
e
N
o
rt
h
w
es
t

T
er
ri
to
ri
es

(n
g
/g

w
et
w
ei
g
h
t
an
d
li
p
id

w
ei
g
h
t;
n
=
7
fo
r
ea
ch

re
g
io
n
).
“<
”
v
al
u
es

ar
e
in
st
ru
m
en
t
d
et
ec
ti
o
n
li
m
it
s
w
h
er
e
ar
it
h
m
et
ic
m
ea
n
s
w
er
e
<
0
.0
0
1
-0
.0
0
2
n
g
/

g
w
w
.

D
eh
ch
o

D
eh
ch
o

D
eh
ch
o

D
eh
ch
o

D
eh
ch
o

D
eh
ch
o

D
eh
ch
o

D
eh
ch
o

S
o
u
th

S
la
v
e

S
o
u
th

S
la
v
e

S
o
u
th

S
la
v
e

S
o
u
th

S
la
v
e

S
o
u
th

S
la
v
e

S
o
u
th

S
la
v
e

S
o
u
th

S
la
v
e

S
o
u
th

S
la
v
e

A
ri
th

M
ea
n

G
M

m
in

m
ax

A
ri
th

M
ea
n

G
M

m
in

m
ax

A
ri
th

M
ea
n

G
M

m
in

m
ax

A
ri
th

M
ea
n

G
M

m
in

m
ax

A
n
al
y
te

n
g
/

g
w
w

n
g
/

g
w
w

n
g
/

g
w
w

n
g
/

g
w
w

n
g
/g

lw
n
g
/g

lw
n
g
/g

lw
n
g
/g

lw
n
g
/

g
w
w

n
g
/

g
w
w

n
g
/

g
w
w

n
g
/

g
w
w

n
g
/g

lw
n
g
/g

lw
n
g
/g

lw
n
g
/g

lw

%
li
p
id

6
.3

6
.2

5
.3

7
.2

5
.7

5
.7

5
.0

6
.5

H
ex
ac
h
lo
ro
b
u
ta
d
ie
n
e

0
.0
11

0
.0
1
0

0
.0
0
7

0
.0
1
4

0
.1
7

0
.1
7

0
.1
2

0
.2
4

0
.0
0
5

0
.0
0
4

0
.0
0
3

0
.0
11

0
.0
8
0

0
.0
7
4

0
.0
5
0

0
.1
6

1
,2
,4
,5
-T
et
ra
ch
lo
ro
-

b
en
ze
n
e

0
.2
5

0
.2
4

0
.1
7

0
.3
0

4
.3
5

4
.2
2

2
.9
8

5
.5
0

0
.1
6

0
.1
4

0
.0
8

0
.3
5

2
.6
8

2
.5
2

1
.5
5

5
.3
8

1
,2
,3
,4
-T
et
ra
ch
lo
ro
-

b
en
ze
n
e

0
.2
8

0
.2
7

0
.1
8

0
.3
5

4
.8
5

4
.6
8

3
.1
6

5
.8
7

0
.1
6

0
.1
5

0
.0
9

0
.3
6

2
.7
9

2
.6
4

1
.8
6

5
.5
4

P
en
ta
ch
lo
ro
b
en
ze
n
e

0
.1
1

0
.0
3
7

0
.0
0
8

0
.3
2

1
.8
5

0
.5
9

0
.1
1

5
.9
1

0
.1
7

0
.1
6

0
.1
0

0
.4
5

3
.0
0

2
.7
4

1
.7
5

6
.8
5

H
ex
ac
h
lo
ro
b
en
ze
n
e

0
.1
7

0
.1
7

0
.1
0

0
.2
4

2
.8
5

2
.6
7

1
.4
5

4
.3
3

0
.3
4

0
.2
6

0
.1
1

0
.9
3

6
.0
2

4
.6
4

1
.6
2

1
6
.6

3
,4
,5
,6
-T
et
ra
ch
lo
ro
-

v
er
at
ro
le

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

P
en
ta
ch
lo
ro
an
is
o
le

0
.0
4
0

0
.0
1
7

0
.0
0
5

0
.1
5

0
.7
0

0
.2
8

0
.0
7

2
.6
6

0
.0
2
9

0
.0
2
3

0
.0
0
4

0
.0
7

0
.5
2

0
.4
1

0
.0
8

1
.2
3

α-
H
C
H

0
.0
4
1

0
.0
2
4

0
.0
0
6

0
.1
1

0
.7
0

0
.3
8

0
.0
9

1
.9
5

0
.0
5
6

0
.0
5
2

0
.0
3
1

0
.1
0

0
.9
9

0
.9
1

0
.4
9

1
.5
8

β-
H
C
H

0
.1
0

0
.0
9
7

0
.0
5
9

0
.1
7

1
.6
6

1
.5
6

1
.1
1

2
.9
3

0
.0
7
9

0
.0
7
2

0
.0
4
0

0
.1
7

1
.3
8

1
.2
7

0
.7
1

2
.5
4

γ-
H
C
H

0
.0
5
6

0
.0
3
5

0
.0
0
5

0
.1
4

0
.9
5

0
.5
7

0
.0
7

2
.4
8

0
.0
6
3

0
.0
5
8

0
.0
3
2

0
.1
3

1
.1
1

1
.0
2

0
.5
6

1
.9
2

P
en
ta
ch
lo
ro
n
it
ro
b
en
ze
n
e

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

H
ep
ta
ch
lo
r

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

A
ld
ri
n

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

D
ac
th
al

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

o
ct
ac
h
lo
ro
st
y
re
n
e

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

H
ep
ta
ch
lo
r
E
p
o
x
id
e

0
.0
4
4

0
.0
3
3

0
.0
1
0

0
.0
8
0

0
.7
1
6

0
.5
3

0
.1
6

1
.4
7

0
.0
4
6

0
.0
3
7

0
.0
1
7

0
.1
5

0
.7
8

0
.6
5

0
.2
7

2
.2
3

T
ab
le

S
6
co
n
ti
n
u
ed

.
.
.
.

16

POPS IN MOOSE LIVERS – LARTER ET AL. ALCES VOL. 53, 2017



T
ab
le

S
6
co
n
ti
n
u
ed

D
eh
ch
o

D
eh
ch
o

D
eh
ch
o

D
eh
ch
o

D
eh
ch
o

D
eh
ch
o

D
eh
ch
o

D
eh
ch
o

S
o
u
th

S
la
v
e

S
o
u
th

S
la
v
e

S
o
u
th

S
la
v
e

S
o
u
th

S
la
v
e

S
o
u
th

S
la
v
e

S
o
u
th

S
la
v
e

S
o
u
th

S
la
v
e

S
o
u
th

S
la
v
e

A
ri
th

M
ea
n

G
M

m
in

m
ax

A
ri
th

M
ea
n

G
M

m
in

m
ax

A
ri
th

M
ea
n

G
M

m
in

m
ax

A
ri
th

M
ea
n

G
M

m
in

m
ax

A
n
al
y
te

n
g
/

g
w
w

n
g
/

g
w
w

n
g
/

g
w
w

n
g
/

g
w
w

n
g
/g

lw
n
g
/g

lw
n
g
/g

lw
n
g
/g

lw
n
g
/

g
w
w

n
g
/

g
w
w

n
g
/

g
w
w

n
g
/

g
w
w

n
g
/g

lw
n
g
/g

lw
n
g
/g

lw
n
g
/g

lw

O
x
y
ch
lo
rd
an
e

0
.0
3
3

0
.0
2
0

0
.0
0
4

0
.1
0

0
.5
1
0

0
.3
2

0
.0
6
4

1
.4
8

0
.0
3
9

0
.0
2
5

0
.0
0
9

0
.1
4

0
.6
6

0
.4
4

0
.1
5

2
.0
8

tr
an
s-
ch
lo
rd
an
e

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

ci
s-
ch
lo
rd
an
e

0
.0
1
7

0
.0
11

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.0
3
8

0
.2
9
8

0
.1
7
4

0
.0
1
4

0
.6
9
7

0
.0
2
6

0
.0
2
2

0
.0
1
0

0
.0
6
5

0
.4
5

0
.3
8
3

0
.1
4
8

1
.0
0
0

tr
an
s-
n
o
n
ac
h
lo
r

0
.0
3
1

0
.0
1
6

0
.0
0
4

0
.0
5
8

<
0
.0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

D
ie
ld
ri
n

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

ci
s-
n
o
n
ac
h
lo
r

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

E
n
d
ri
n

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

α-
E
n
d
o
su
lf
an

0
.0
1
3

0
.0
1
0

0
.0
0
4

0
.0
2
4

0
.2
0
4

0
.1
6

0
.0
5
3

0
.3
5

0
.0
0
6

0
.0
0
4

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.0
2
5

0
.1
1

0
.0
6
6

0
.0
2
1

0
.5
0

β-
E
n
d
o
su
lf
an

0
.0
0
7

0
.0
0
6

0
.0
0
3

0
.0
1
5

0
.1
0
9

0
.0
9
2

0
.0
3
6

0
.2
2

0
.0
0
5

0
.0
0
5

0
.0
0
5

0
.0
0
5

0
.0
8
9

0
.0
8
8

0
.0
7
7

0
.1
0

E
n
d
o
su
lf
an

su
lf
at
e

0
.0
2
6

0
.0
1
5

0
.0
0
3

0
.0
9
2

0
.4
3
4

0
.2
4

0
.0
5
9

1
.7
3

0
.0
0
5

0
.0
0
4

0
.0
0
2

0
.0
0
8

0
.0
8
6

0
.0
7
9

0
.0
3
4

0
.1
3

o
,p
’-
D
D
E

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

<
0
.0
2

<
0
.2

p
,p
’-
D
D
E

0
.0
1
3

0
.0
1
3

0
.0
1
3

0
.0
1
4

<
0
.0
2

<
0
.0
2

<
0
.2

o
,p
’-
D
D
D

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

<
0
.0
2

<
0
.2

p
,p
’-
D
D
D

0
.0
1
7

0
.0
1
7

0
.0
1
7

0
.0
1
7

<
0
.0
2

<
0
.0
2

<
0
.2

o
,p
’-
D
D
T

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

<
0
.0
2

<
0
.2

p
,p
’-
D
D
T

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

<
0
.0
2

<
0
.2

M
et
h
o
x
y
ch
lo
r

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

<
0
.0
2

<
0
.2

M
ir
ex

0
.0
0
4

0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.0
1
4

0
.0
7
1

0
.0
4
0

0
.0
1
4

0
.2
6

0
.0
0
4

0
.0
0
3

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.0
1
3

0
.0
7
3

0
.0
4
9

0
.0
1
2

0
.2
6

T
o
x
ap
h
en
e

0
.8
4
0

0
.6
4
2

0
.2
7
8

2
.1
7

1
3
.6

1
0
.3

4
.3
7

3
0
.7

1
.0
6

0
.8
5
0

0
.1
6
7

1
.8
3

1
8
.8

1
5
.0

2
.5
7

3
2
.7

H
ex
ac
h
lo
ro
b
o
rn
an
es

0
.0
2
6

0
.0
0
8

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.1
0
3

0
.4
1
9

0
.1
3
1

0
.0
1
4

1
.4
6

0
.0
1
2

0
.0
0
7

0
.0
0
5

0
.0
6
2

0
.2
3
5

0
.1
2
6

0
.0
7
7

1
.2
3
7

T
ab
le

S
6
co
n
ti
n
u
ed

.
.
.
.

ALCES VOL. 53, 2017 LARTER ET AL. – POPS IN MOOSE LIVERS

17



T
ab
le

S
6
co
n
ti
n
u
ed

D
eh
ch
o

D
eh
ch
o

D
eh
ch
o

D
eh
ch
o

D
eh
ch
o

D
eh
ch
o

D
eh
ch
o

D
eh
ch
o

S
o
u
th

S
la
v
e

S
o
u
th

S
la
v
e

S
o
u
th

S
la
v
e

S
o
u
th

S
la
v
e

S
o
u
th

S
la
v
e

S
o
u
th

S
la
v
e

S
o
u
th

S
la
v
e

S
o
u
th

S
la
v
e

A
ri
th

M
ea
n

G
M

m
in

m
ax

A
ri
th

M
ea
n

G
M

m
in

m
ax

A
ri
th

M
ea
n

G
M

m
in

m
ax

A
ri
th

M
ea
n

G
M

m
in

m
ax

A
n
al
y
te

n
g
/

g
w
w

n
g
/

g
w
w

n
g
/

g
w
w

n
g
/

g
w
w

n
g
/g

lw
n
g
/g

lw
n
g
/g

lw
n
g
/g

lw
n
g
/

g
w
w

n
g
/

g
w
w

n
g
/

g
w
w

n
g
/

g
w
w

n
g
/g

lw
n
g
/g

lw
n
g
/g

lw
n
g
/g

lw

H
ep
ta
ch
lo
ro
b
o
rn
an
es

0
.3
6
6

0
.0
4
7

0
.0
0
3

1
.5
0

5
.8
3

0
.7
5
3

0
.0
3
9

2
1
.3

0
.1
2
3

0
.0
3
9

0
.0
0
5

0
.4
9
4

2
.0
7
7

0
.6
8
2

0
.0
7
7

7
.7
2

O
ct
ac
h
lo
ro
b
o
rn
an
es

0
.0
8
6

0
.0
3
9

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.2
5
1

1
.5
0

0
.6
2
9

0
.0
1
4

4
.7
2

0
.2
6
7

0
.1
7
4

0
.0
0
5

0
.4
3
1

4
.7
0

3
.0
7

0
.0
7
7

7
.7
0

N
o
n
ac
h
lo
ro
b
o
rn
an
es

0
.3
1
8

0
.3
11

0
.2
2
5

0
.4
4
7

5
.1
0

4
.9
9

3
.5
4

6
.7
2

0
.4
8
1

0
.2
6
0

0
.0
0
5

1
.2
6

8
.5
0

4
.6
0

0
.0
7
7

2
2
.6

D
ec
ac
h
lo
ro
b
o
rn
an
es

0
.0
4
8

0
.0
4
3

0
.0
1
5

0
.0
8
5

0
.7
7
0

0
.6
8
3

0
.2
11

1
.1
8
3

0
.1
8
6

0
.1
0
4

0
.0
1
0

0
.5
2
5

3
.4
3

1
.8
3

0
.2
0
8

1
0
.5

P
2
6

<
0
.0
2

<
0
.0
2

<
0
.2

P
5
0

<
0
.0
2

<
0
.0
2

<
0
.2

P
6
2

<
0
.0
2

<
0
.0
2

<
0
.2

P
C
B
-1

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

P
C
B
-3

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

P
C
B
4
/1
0

0
.0
0
5

0
.0
0
5

0
.0
0
4

0
.0
0
9

0
.0
8
6

0
.0
8
3

0
.0
5
1

0
.1
3

0
.0
2
8

0
.0
0
8

0
.0
0
5

0
.1
9

0
.5
0
2

0
.1
4

0
.0
7
7

3
.3
9

P
C
B
7
/9

0
.0
3
6

0
.0
2
0

0
.0
0
5

0
.0
6
4

0
.5
5
3

0
.3
2
8

0
.0
7
9

1
.0
7

0
.0
0
5

0
.0
0
5

0
.0
0
5

0
.0
0
5

0
.0
8
9

0
.0
8
8

0
.0
7
7

0
.1
0
0

P
C
B
6

0
.0
0
6

0
.0
0
6

0
.0
0
4

0
.0
0
8

0
.0
9
2

0
.0
9
0

0
.0
6
0

0
.1
3

0
.0
0
5

0
.0
0
5

0
.0
0
5

0
.0
0
5

0
.0
8
9

0
.0
8
8

0
.0
7
7

0
.1
0
0

P
C
B
8
/5

0
.0
1
6

0
.0
1
3

0
.0
0
5

0
.0
2
6

0
.2
1
3

0
.1
5
0

0
.0
2
0

0
.3
7

0
.0
0
5

0
.0
0
5

0
.0
0
5

0
.0
0
5

0
.0
8
9

0
.0
8
8

0
.0
7
7

0
.1
0
0

P
C
B
1
2
/1
3

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

P
C
B
1
5

0
.1
1
7

0
.0
11

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.4
2
0

2
.0
5

0
.1
7
2

0
.0
1
4

7
.7
1

0
.1
0
6

0
.0
4
8

0
.0
0
5

0
.3
3
0

1
.9
0
7

0
.8
5
5

0
.0
8
9

5
.8
9

P
C
B
1
9

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

P
C
B
1
8

0
.0
4
5

0
.0
4
5

0
.0
3
9

0
.0
5
3

0
.6
8

0
.6
7
6

0
.5
6
6

0
.7
6

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

P
C
B
1
7

0
.0
3
8

0
.0
2
5

0
.0
0
5

0
.0
9
0

0
.6
3

0
.3
9
6

0
.0
8
9

1
.6
5

0
.0
2
1

0
.0
1
5

0
.0
0
5

0
.0
6
0

0
.3
6
2

0
.2
5
8

0
.0
7
7

0
.9
2

P
C
B
2
7
/2
4

0
.0
0
3

0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.0
0
4

0
.0
4
4

0
.0
3
7

0
.0
1
6

0
.0
7
1

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

P
C
B
1
6
/3
2

0
.0
0
9

0
.0
0
4

0
.0
0
0

0
.0
1
8

0
.1
3
8

0
.0
6
0

0
.0
0
4

0
.2
6

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

T
ab
le

S
6
co
n
ti
n
u
ed

.
.
.
.

18

POPS IN MOOSE LIVERS – LARTER ET AL. ALCES VOL. 53, 2017



T
ab
le

S
6
co
n
ti
n
u
ed

D
eh
ch
o

D
eh
ch
o

D
eh
ch
o

D
eh
ch
o

D
eh
ch
o

D
eh
ch
o

D
eh
ch
o

D
eh
ch
o

S
o
u
th

S
la
v
e

S
o
u
th

S
la
v
e

S
o
u
th

S
la
v
e

S
o
u
th

S
la
v
e

S
o
u
th

S
la
v
e

S
o
u
th

S
la
v
e

S
o
u
th

S
la
v
e

S
o
u
th

S
la
v
e

A
ri
th

M
ea
n

G
M

m
in

m
ax

A
ri
th

M
ea
n

G
M

m
in

m
ax

A
ri
th

M
ea
n

G
M

m
in

m
ax

A
ri
th

M
ea
n

G
M

m
in

m
ax

A
n
al
y
te

n
g
/

g
w
w

n
g
/

g
w
w

n
g
/

g
w
w

n
g
/

g
w
w

n
g
/g

lw
n
g
/g

lw
n
g
/g

lw
n
g
/g

lw
n
g
/

g
w
w

n
g
/

g
w
w

n
g
/

g
w
w

n
g
/

g
w
w

n
g
/g

lw
n
g
/g

lw
n
g
/g

lw
n
g
/g

lw

P
C
B
2
6

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

P
C
B
2
5

0
.0
0
6

0
.0
0
5

0
.0
0
2

0
.0
1
3

0
.1
1
3

0
.0
7
6

0
.0
3
3

0
.2
5
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

P
C
B
3
1
/2
8

0
.0
2
9

0
.0
1
5

0
.0
0
5

0
.0
8
5

0
.4
7

0
.2
3
5

0
.0
7
9

1
.6
0

0
.0
0
5

0
.0
0
5

0
.0
0
5

0
.0
0
5

0
.0
8
9

0
.0
8
8

0
.0
7
7

0
.1
0
0

P
C
B
2
0
/3
3
/2
1

0
.0
4
3

0
.0
1
4

0
.0
0
4

0
.2
4

0
.7
4

0
.2
1
7

0
.0
5
7

4
.2
6

0
.0
6
8

0
.0
1
5

0
.0
0
5

0
.4
3
5

1
.0
6
1

0
.2
5
9

0
.0
7
8

6
.6
9

P
C
B
2
2

0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.0
0
3

0
.0
2
7

0
.0
2
0

0
.0
1
0

0
.0
4
4

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

P
C
B
3
7

0
.0
0
3

0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.0
0
5

0
.0
4
6

0
.0
3
2

0
.0
1
4

0
.0
9
2

0
.0
1
8

0
.0
0
7

0
.0
0
5

0
.1
1
0

0
.3
5
1

0
.1
3
0

0
.0
7
7

2
.2
0

P
C
B
5
3

0
.0
0
4

0
.0
0
4

0
.0
0
4

0
.0
0
4

0
.0
8
3

0
.0
8
3

0
.0
8
3

0
.0
8
3

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

P
C
B
4
5

0
.0
11

0
.0
1
0

0
.0
0
8

0
.0
1
3

0
.1
8

0
.1
7
0

0
.1
2
0

0
.2
4

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

P
C
B
4
6

0
.0
0
6

0
.0
0
5

0
.0
0
3

0
.0
0
9

0
.1
0

0
.0
8
4

0
.0
4
4

0
.1
6

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

P
C
B
7
3
/5
2

0
.0
7
9

0
.0
2
0

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.2
7

1
.3
3

0
.3
3

0
.0
1
4

4
.2
5

0
.0
0
5

0
.0
0
5

0
.0
0
5

0
.0
0
5

0
.0
8
9

0
.0
8
8

0
.0
7
7

0
.1
0
0

P
C
B
4
3
/4
9

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

P
C
B
4
8
/4
7
/7
5

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

P
C
B
4
4

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

P
C
B
5
9
/4
2

0
.0
1
9

0
.0
0
7

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.0
3
6

0
.2
9
8

0
.1
1
8

0
.0
1
6

0
.6
7

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.0
1
8

0
.0
1
8

0
.0
1
5

0
.0
2
0

P
C
B
7
1
/4
1
/6
8
/6
4

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

P
C
B
6
3

0
.0
0
3

0
.0
0
3

0
.0
0
3

0
.0
0
3

0
.0
5
6

0
.0
5
6

0
.0
5
6

0
.0
6

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

P
C
B
7
4
/6
1

0
.0
1
0

0
.0
0
2

0
.0
0
0

0
.0
6
0

0
.1
6
8

0
.0
4
0

0
.0
0
7

0
.9
4

0
.0
0
5

0
.0
0
5

0
.0
0
5

0
.0
0
5

0
.0
8
9

0
.0
8
8

0
.0
7
7

0
.1
0
0

P
C
B
7
0
/7
6

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

P
C
B
8
0
/6
6

0
.0
6
8

0
.0
1
5

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.1
3

1
.0
5
4

0
.2
4

0
.0
1
6

2
.4
9

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.0
1
8

0
.0
1
8

0
.0
1
5

0
.0
2
0

P
C
B
5
6
/6
0

0
.0
4
1

0
.0
0
8

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.1
2

0
.7
0
6

0
.1
2

0
.0
1
4

2
.2
0

0
.0
4
6

0
.0
3
1

0
.0
0
5

0
.1
4

0
.8
1

0
.5
4
6

0
.0
7
7

2
.5
0

T
ab
le

S
6
co
n
ti
n
u
ed

.
.
.
.

ALCES VOL. 53, 2017 LARTER ET AL. – POPS IN MOOSE LIVERS

19



T
ab
le

S
6
co
n
ti
n
u
ed

D
eh
ch
o

D
eh
ch
o

D
eh
ch
o

D
eh
ch
o

D
eh
ch
o

D
eh
ch
o

D
eh
ch
o

D
eh
ch
o

S
o
u
th

S
la
v
e

S
o
u
th

S
la
v
e

S
o
u
th

S
la
v
e

S
o
u
th

S
la
v
e

S
o
u
th

S
la
v
e

S
o
u
th

S
la
v
e

S
o
u
th

S
la
v
e

S
o
u
th

S
la
v
e

A
ri
th

M
ea
n

G
M

m
in

m
ax

A
ri
th

M
ea
n

G
M

m
in

m
ax

A
ri
th

M
ea
n

G
M

m
in

m
ax

A
ri
th

M
ea
n

G
M

m
in

m
ax

A
n
al
y
te

n
g
/

g
w
w

n
g
/

g
w
w

n
g
/

g
w
w

n
g
/

g
w
w

n
g
/g

lw
n
g
/g

lw
n
g
/g

lw
n
g
/g

lw
n
g
/

g
w
w

n
g
/

g
w
w

n
g
/

g
w
w

n
g
/

g
w
w

n
g
/g

lw
n
g
/g

lw
n
g
/g

lw
n
g
/g

lw

P
C
B
8
1

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

P
C
B
9
5
/9
3

0
.0
0
2

0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.0
0
5

0
.0
3
7

0
.0
2
6

0
.0
1
4

0
.0
9
2

0
.0
0
5

0
.0
0
5

0
.0
0
5

0
.0
0
5

0
.0
8
9

0
.0
8
8

0
.0
7
7

0
.1
0
0

P
C
B
9
1

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

P
C
B
9
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

P
C
B
8
4
/9
0
/1
0
1
/8
9

0
.0
1
8

0
.0
0
3

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.1
0
0

0
.2
8
6

0
.0
4
0

0
.0
1
4

1
.8
3

0
.0
0
5

0
.0
0
5

0
.0
0
5

0
.0
0
5

0
.0
8
9

0
.0
8
8

0
.0
7
7

0
.1
0
0

P
C
B
9
9

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

P
C
B
8
3
/1
0
8

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

P
C
B
9
7

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

P
C
B
8
6
/1
11
/1
2
5
/1
1
7
/8
7
/

11
6
/1
1
5

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

P
C
B
1
2
0
/8
5

0
.0
2
6

0
.0
0
8

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.0
7
5

0
.4
5
2

0
.1
2
2

0
.0
1
4

1
.3
8

0
.0
2
8

0
.0
2
5

0
.0
1
5

0
.0
4
0

0
.4
8

0
.4
5

0
.2
3

0
.7
1

P
C
B
11
0

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

P
C
B
8
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

P
C
B
1
0
7
/1
0
9

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

P
C
B
1
2
3

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

P
C
B
11
8
/1
0
6

0
.0
0
6

0
.0
0
6

0
.0
0
6

0
.0
0
6

0
.0
8
7

0
.0
8
7

0
.0
8
7

0
.0
8
7

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

P
C
B
11
4

0
.0
0
0

0
.0
0
0

0
.0
0
0

0
.0
0
0

0
.0
0
3

0
.0
0
3

0
.0
0
3

0
.0
0
3

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

P
C
B
1
0
5
/1
2
7

0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.0
0
6

0
.0
3
1

0
.0
2
1

0
.0
1
4

0
.1
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.0
1
8

0
.0
1
8

0
.0
1
5

0
.0
2
0

P
C
B
1
2
6

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

P
C
B
1
5
1

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

T
ab
le

S
6
co
n
ti
n
u
ed

.
.
.
.

20

POPS IN MOOSE LIVERS – LARTER ET AL. ALCES VOL. 53, 2017



T
ab
le

S
6
co
n
ti
n
u
ed

D
eh
ch
o

D
eh
ch
o

D
eh
ch
o

D
eh
ch
o

D
eh
ch
o

D
eh
ch
o

D
eh
ch
o

D
eh
ch
o

S
o
u
th

S
la
v
e

S
o
u
th

S
la
v
e

S
o
u
th

S
la
v
e

S
o
u
th

S
la
v
e

S
o
u
th

S
la
v
e

S
o
u
th

S
la
v
e

S
o
u
th

S
la
v
e

S
o
u
th

S
la
v
e

A
ri
th

M
ea
n

G
M

m
in

m
ax

A
ri
th

M
ea
n

G
M

m
in

m
ax

A
ri
th

M
ea
n

G
M

m
in

m
ax

A
ri
th

M
ea
n

G
M

m
in

m
ax

A
n
al
y
te

n
g
/

g
w
w

n
g
/

g
w
w

n
g
/

g
w
w

n
g
/

g
w
w

n
g
/g

lw
n
g
/g

lw
n
g
/g

lw
n
g
/g

lw
n
g
/

g
w
w

n
g
/

g
w
w

n
g
/

g
w
w

n
g
/

g
w
w

n
g
/g

lw
n
g
/g

lw
n
g
/g

lw
n
g
/g

lw

P
C
B
1
3
5
/1
4
4

0
.0
0
8

0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.0
5
1

0
.1
4
9

0
.0
2
8

0
.0
1
4

0
.9
5

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.0
1
8

0
.0
1
8

0
.0
1
5

0
.0
2
0

P
C
B
1
3
9
/1
4
9

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

P
C
B
1
3
1
/1
6
5
/1
4
2
/1
4
6

0
.0
0
3

0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.0
0
5

0
.0
5
1

0
.0
3
7

0
.0
1
4

0
.0
9
2

0
.0
0
6

0
.0
0
5

0
.0
0
5

0
.0
1
0

0
.1
0
1

0
.0
9
6

0
.0
7
7

0
.2
0
0

P
C
B
1
5
3

0
.0
0
3

0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.0
0
5

0
.0
5
5

0
.0
4
0

0
.0
1
4

0
.0
9
2

0
.0
1
4

0
.0
0
7

0
.0
0
5

0
.0
8
0

0
.2
6

0
.1
2
5

0
.0
7
7

1
.4
2
9

P
C
B
1
3
2
/1
6
8

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

P
C
B
1
4
1

0
.0
0
3

0
.0
0
3

0
.0
0
3

0
.0
0
3

0
.0
4
8

0
.0
4
8

0
.0
4
8

0
.0
4
8

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

P
C
B
1
3
7

0
.0
0
3

0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.0
0
5

0
.0
5
5

0
.0
4
0

0
.0
1
4

0
.0
9
2

0
.0
0
6

0
.0
0
5

0
.0
0
5

0
.0
1
0

0
.1
0

0
.0
9
6

0
.0
7
7

0
.1
7
9

P
C
B
1
6
3
/1
6
4
/1
3
8

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

P
C
B
1
5
8
/1
6
0

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.0
1
6

0
.0
1
6

0
.0
1
6

0
.0
1
6

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

P
C
B
1
2
9

0
.0
0
3

0
.0
0
3

0
.0
0
3

0
.0
0
3

0
.0
5
8

0
.0
5
8

0
.0
5
8

0
.0
5
8

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

P
C
B
1
5
9

0
.0
0
5

0
.0
0
3

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.0
1
2

0
.0
7
6

0
.0
4
9

0
.0
1
6

0
.2
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.0
1
8

0
.0
1
8

0
.0
1
5

0
.0
2
0

P
C
B
1
2
8
/1
6
7

0
.0
0
5

0
.0
0
5

0
.0
0
5

0
.0
0
5

0
.0
8
5

0
.0
8
5

0
.0
8
5

0
.0
8
5

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

P
C
B
1
5
6

0
.0
0
2

0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.0
0
7

0
.0
3
8

0
.0
2
5

0
.0
0
8

0
.1
4

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.0
1
8

0
.0
1
8

0
.0
1
5

0
.0
2
0

P
C
B
1
5
7

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

P
C
B
1
6
9

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

P
C
B
1
8
2
/1
8
7

0
.0
0
3

0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.0
11

0
.0
4
5

0
.0
2
5

0
.0
1
4

0
.2
0

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.0
1
8

0
.0
1
8

0
.0
1
5

0
.0
2
0

P
C
B
1
8
3

0
.0
0
3

0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.0
1
4

0
.0
5
9

0
.0
2
9

0
.0
1
4

0
.2
6

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.0
1
8

0
.0
1
8

0
.0
1
5

0
.0
2
0

P
C
B
1
7
4
/1
8
1

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

P
C
B
1
7
7

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

P
C
B
1
7
1

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

T
ab
le

S
6
co
n
ti
n
u
ed

.
.
.
.

ALCES VOL. 53, 2017 LARTER ET AL. – POPS IN MOOSE LIVERS

21



T
ab
le

S
6
co
n
ti
n
u
ed

D
eh
ch
o

D
eh
ch
o

D
eh
ch
o

D
eh
ch
o

D
eh
ch
o

D
eh
ch
o

D
eh
ch
o

D
eh
ch
o

S
o
u
th

S
la
v
e

S
o
u
th

S
la
v
e

S
o
u
th

S
la
v
e

S
o
u
th

S
la
v
e

S
o
u
th

S
la
v
e

S
o
u
th

S
la
v
e

S
o
u
th

S
la
v
e

S
o
u
th

S
la
v
e

A
ri
th

M
ea
n

G
M

m
in

m
ax

A
ri
th

M
ea
n

G
M

m
in

m
ax

A
ri
th

M
ea
n

G
M

m
in

m
ax

A
ri
th

M
ea
n

G
M

m
in

m
ax

A
n
al
y
te

n
g
/

g
w
w

n
g
/

g
w
w

n
g
/

g
w
w

n
g
/

g
w
w

n
g
/g

lw
n
g
/g

lw
n
g
/g

lw
n
g
/g

lw
n
g
/

g
w
w

n
g
/

g
w
w

n
g
/

g
w
w

n
g
/

g
w
w

n
g
/g

lw
n
g
/g

lw
n
g
/g

lw
n
g
/g

lw

P
C
B
1
7
2
/1
9
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.0
1
6

0
.0
1
6

0
.0
1
4

0
.0
2
0

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.0
1
8

0
.0
1
8

0
.0
1
5

0
.0
2
0

P
C
B
1
8
0

0
.0
0
3

0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.0
0
7

0
.0
4
1

0
.0
2
7

0
.0
1
4

0
.1
1

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.0
1
8

0
.0
1
8

0
.0
1
5

0
.0
2
0

P
C
B
1
9
3

0
.0
0
9

0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.0
5
8

0
.1
7

0
.0
3
4

0
.0
1
4

1
.0
8

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.0
1
8

0
.0
1
8

0
.0
1
5

0
.0
2
0

P
C
B
1
9
1

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

P
C
B
1
7
0
/1
9
0

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.0
11

0
.0
11

0
.0
11

0
.0
11

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

P
C
B
-2
0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

P
C
B
1
9
9

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

P
C
B
1
9
6
/2
0
3

0
.0
0
2

0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.0
0
5

0
.0
3
6

0
.0
3
0

0
.0
1
6

0
.0
9
0

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.0
1
8

0
.0
1
8

0
.0
1
5

0
.0
2
0

P
C
B
1
9
5

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

P
C
B
1
9
4

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.0
0
2

0
.0
2
2

0
.0
2
1

0
.0
1
6

0
.0
3
3

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.0
1
8

0
.0
1
8

0
.0
1
5

0
.0
2
0

P
C
B
2
0
5

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

P
C
B
2
0
8

0
.0
0
5

0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.0
3
2

0
.0
9
9

0
.0
2
7

0
.0
0
9

0
.5
9
3

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.0
1
8

0
.0
1
8

0
.0
1
5

0
.0
2
0

P
C
B
2
0
7

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

P
C
B
2
0
6

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

P
C
B
2
0
9

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
2

22

POPS IN MOOSE LIVERS – LARTER ET AL. ALCES VOL. 53, 2017



T
ab
le
S
7
.
A
ri
th
m
et
ic

an
d
g
eo
m
et
ri
c
m
ea
n
co
n
ce
n
tr
at
io
n
s
o
f
b
ro
m
in
at
ed

an
d
ch
lo
ri
n
at
ed

fl
am

e
re
ta
rd
an
ts
(n
g
/g

w
et
w
t
an
d
n
g
/g

li
p
id

w
t,
n
=
7
).
“<
”
v
al
u
es

ar
e

in
st
ru
m
en
t
d
et
ec
ti
o
n
li
m
it
s
w
h
er
e
ar
it
h
m
et
ic

m
ea
n
s
w
er
e
<
0
.0
0
1
-0
.0
0
2
n
g
/g

w
w
.
“n
a”

in
d
ic
at
es

n
o
t
av
ai
la
b
le
.

D
eh
ch
o

D
eh
ch
o

D
eh
ch
o

D
eh
ch
o

D
eh
ch
o

D
eh
ch
o

D
eh
ch
o

D
eh
ch
o

S
o
u
th

S
la
v
e

S
o
u
th

S
la
v
e

S
o
u
th

S
la
v
e

S
o
u
th

S
la
v
e

S
o
u
th

S
la
v
e

S
o
u
th

S
la
v
e

S
o
u
th

S
la
v
e

S
o
u
th

S
la
v
e

A
ri
th

M
ea
n

G
M

m
in

m
ax

A
ri
th

M
ea
n

G
M

m
in

m
ax

A
ri
th

M
ea
n

G
M

m
in

m
ax

A
ri
th

M
ea
n

G
M

m
in

m
ax

A
n
al
y
te

n
g
/

g
w
w

n
g
/

g
w
w

n
g
/

g
w
w

n
g
/

g
w
w

n
g
/g

lw
n
g
/g

lw
n
g
/g

lw
n
g
/g

lw
n
g
/

g
w
w

n
g
/

g
w
w

n
g
/

g
w
w

n
g
/

g
w
w

n
g
/

g
lw

n
g
/

g
lw

n
g
/

g
lw

n
g
/

g
lw

B
D
E
1
7

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.0
0
1

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.0
0
2

0
.0
11

0
.0
11

<
0
.0
0
7

0
.0
2
2

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.0
0
1

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.0
0
2

0
.0
0
9

0
.0
0
9

<
0
.0
0
8

0
.0
1
0

B
D
E

2
8
/3
3

0
.0
0
3

0
.0
0
1

0
.0
0
1

0
.0
1
0

0
.0
4
6

0
.0
2
3

0
.0
0
7

0
.1
4

0
.0
0
1

0
.0
0
1

0
.0
0
1

0
.0
0
1

0
.0
0
9

0
.0
0
9

0
.0
0
8

0
.0
1
0

B
D
E
4
7

0
.1
2
7

0
.0
3
7

0
.0
0
5

0
.5
1
3

2
.1
7

0
.5
8
5

0
.0
6
9

9
.4
0

0
.0
5
7

0
.0
4
8

0
.0
2
3

0
.1
3
3

0
.9
9
8

0
.8
4
5

0
.3
5
3

2
.3
7
0

B
D
E
4
9

0
.0
0
4

0
.0
0
2

0
.0
0
1

0
.0
1
2

0
.0
7

0
.0
3

0
.0
0
7

0
.2
2

0
.0
0
1

0
.0
0
1

0
.0
0
1

0
.0
0
1

0
.0
0
9

0
.0
0
9

0
.0
0
8

0
.0
1
0

B
D
E
6
6

0
.0
0
2

0
.0
0
1

0
.0
0
0

0
.0
0
5

0
.0
3
2

0
.0
1
8

0
.0
0
4

0
.0
7
6

0
.0
0
1

0
.0
0
1

0
.0
0
1

0
.0
0
1

0
.0
0
9

0
.0
0
9

0
.0
0
8

0
.0
1
0

B
D
E
8
5

0
.0
0
6

0
.0
0
1

0
.0
0
1

0
.0
3
8

0
.1
11

0
.0
2
1

0
.0
0
7

0
.6
8
9

0
.0
0
4

0
.0
0
1

0
.0
0
1

0
.0
1
5

0
.0
6
3

0
.0
2
0

0
.0
0
8

0
.2
3
1

B
D
E
9
9

0
.1
4
8

0
.0
3
6

0
.0
0
5

0
.6
6
8

2
.5
6

0
.5
8
1

0
.0
6
9

1
2
.2
6

0
.0
8
1

0
.0
5
4

0
.0
1
9

0
.2
6
6

1
.4
1

0
.9
5
1

0
.3
0
0

4
.7
5

B
D
E
1
0
0

0
.0
2
6

0
.0
0
8

0
.0
0
1

0
.1
3
4

0
.4
6
6

0
.1
2
9

0
.0
0
7

2
.4
7

0
.0
1
8

0
.0
1
2

0
.0
0
4

0
.0
5
3

0
.3
0
4

0
.2
1
8

0
.0
6
3

0
.9
4
5

B
D
E
1
3
8

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.1
11

0
.0
2
1

0
.0
0
7

0
.6
9

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.0
6
3

0
.0
2
0

0
.0
0
8

0
.2
3

B
D
E
1
5
3

0
.0
1
4

0
.0
0
7

0
.0
0
1

0
.0
6
1

0
.2
5
0

0
.1
0
6

0
.0
0
8

1
.1
2

0
.0
0
8

0
.0
0
3

0
.0
0
1

0
.0
2
5

0
.1
3
5

0
.0
5
5

0
.0
0
8

0
.3
8
9

B
D
E
1
5
4

0
.0
1
0

0
.0
0
4

0
.0
0
1

0
.0
4
8

0
.1
8
1

0
.0
6
3

0
.0
0
8

0
.8
8
3

0
.0
0
5

0
.0
0
1

0
.0
0
1

0
.0
2
0

0
.0
8
6

0
.0
2
2

0
.0
0
8

0
.3
2
0

B
D
E
1
8
3

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
1

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
1

B
D
E
1
9
0

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
1

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
1

B
D
E
2
0
9

0
.1
5

0
.0
7
7

0
.0
0
4

0
.5
4
3

2
.2
6

1
.2
4

0
.0
7
7

7
.6
9

n
a

n
a

T
B
P
-A

E
<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
1

0
.0
2
7

0
.0
0
3

<
0
.0
0
2

0
.2
0
0

0
.4
9
1

0
.0
4
5

0
.0
0
8

3
.5
7

T
B
P
-

D
B
P
E

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
1

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
1

B
E
H
T
B
P

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
1

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
1

T
ab
le

S
7
co
n
ti
n
u
ed

.
.
.
.

ALCES VOL. 53, 2017 LARTER ET AL. – POPS IN MOOSE LIVERS

23



T
ab
le

S
7
co
n
ti
n
u
ed

D
eh
ch
o

D
eh
ch
o

D
eh
ch
o

D
eh
ch
o

D
eh
ch
o

D
eh
ch
o

D
eh
ch
o

D
eh
ch
o

S
o
u
th

S
la
v
e

S
o
u
th

S
la
v
e

S
o
u
th

S
la
v
e

S
o
u
th

S
la
v
e

S
o
u
th

S
la
v
e

S
o
u
th

S
la
v
e

S
o
u
th

S
la
v
e

S
o
u
th

S
la
v
e

A
ri
th

M
ea
n

G
M

m
in

m
ax

A
ri
th

M
ea
n

G
M

m
in

m
ax

A
ri
th

M
ea
n

G
M

m
in

m
ax

A
ri
th

M
ea
n

G
M

m
in

m
ax

A
n
al
y
te

n
g
/

g
w
w

n
g
/

g
w
w

n
g
/

g
w
w

n
g
/

g
w
w

n
g
/g

lw
n
g
/g

lw
n
g
/g

lw
n
g
/g

lw
n
g
/

g
w
w

n
g
/

g
w
w

n
g
/

g
w
w

n
g
/

g
w
w

n
g
/

g
lw

n
g
/

g
lw

n
g
/

g
lw

n
g
/

g
lw

B
T
B
P
E

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
1

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
1

D
P
T
E

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
1

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
1

E
H
T
eB

B
<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
1

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
1

H
B
B

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
1

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
1

O
B
IN

D
<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
1

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
1

P
B
B
A

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
1

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
1

P
B
B
e

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
1

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
1

P
B
E
B

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
1

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
1

P
B
T
o

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
1

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
1

p
T
B
X

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
1

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
1

sy
n
-D

P
<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
1

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
1

an
ti
-D

P
<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
1

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
1

T
B
C
T

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
1

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
1

H
B
C
D

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
1

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
1

B
B
-1
0
1

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
1

<
0
.0
0
2

<
0
.0
1

24

POPS IN MOOSE LIVERS – LARTER ET AL. ALCES VOL. 53, 2017



T
ab
le
S
8.

A
ri
th
m
et
ic
an
d
ge
om

et
ri
c
m
ea
n
co
nc
en
tr
at
io
ns

of
in
di
vi
du
al
P
FA

S
s
in

m
oo
se

li
ve
r
sa
m
pl
es

(n
g/
g
w
w
).

D
eh
ch
o

D
eh
ch
o

D
eh
ch
o

D
eh
ch
o

S
o
u
th

S
la
v
e

S
o
u
th

S
la
v
e

S
o
u
th

S
la
v
e

S
o
u
th

S
la
v
e

n
g
/g

w
w

n
g
/g

w
w

n
g
/g

w
w

n
g
/g

w
w

n
g
/g

w
w

n
g
/g

w
w

n
g
/g

w
w

n
g
/g

w
w

A
n
al
y
te

A
M

G
M

m
in

m
ax

A
M

G
M

m
in

m
ax

P
F
B
A

<
0
.1
6

<
0
.1
6

P
F
P
eA

<
1
.2

<
1
.2

P
F
H
x
A

<
0
.1
5

<
0
.1
5

P
F
H
p
A

<
0
.0
0
5

<
0
.0
0
5

P
F
O
A

0
.0
6
9

0
.0
6
7

0
.0
5
6

0
.1
1
3

0
.0
9
0

0
.0
8
5

0
.0
5
0

0
.1
3
8

P
F
N
A

0
.2
5
5

0
.2
4
3

0
.1
7
4

0
.4
4
8

0
.1
8
8

0
.1
7
1

0
.0
8
0

0
.3
7
0

P
F
D
A

0
.2
4
0

0
.2
0
4

0
.0
7
8

0
.6
0
1

0
.1
5
9

0
.1
4
9

0
.0
6
9

0
.2
4
1

P
F
U
n
A

0
.1
6
7

0
.1
5
2

0
.0
9
6

0
.2
7
5

0
.0
9
4

0
.0
9
0

0
.0
5
8

0
.1
3
8

P
F
D
o
A

0
.0
0
8

0
.0
0
5

0
.0
0
3

0
.0
2
0

0
.0
1
7

0
.0
1
6

0
.0
0
8

0
.0
2
3

P
F
T
ri
A

0
.0
11

0
.0
0
6

0
.0
0
3

0
.0
3
2

0
.0
2
3

0
.0
2
1

0
.0
1
0

0
.0
4
1

P
F
T
A

0
.0
0
4

0
.0
0
3

<
0
.0
0
3

0
.0
1
5

0
.0
1
2

0
.0
0
8

0
.0
0
3

0
.0
4
5

P
F
H
x
D
A

0
.0
0
4

0
.0
0
3

0
.0
0
3

0
.0
1
0

0
.0
4
9

0
.0
3
2

0
.0
1
0

0
.1
7
3

P
F
B
S

0
.0
5
5

0
.0
5
2

0
.0
2
6

0
.0
8
7

0
.0
2
9

0
.0
1
8

0
.0
0
3

0
.0
5
1

P
F
H
x
S

0
.0
6
3

0
.0
5
7

0
.0
2
2

0
.1
0
6

0
.0
1
2

0
.0
0
7

0
.0
0
3

0
.0
5
4

P
F
H
p
S

<
0
.0
0
5

<
0
.0
0
5

P
F
O
S

0
.4
3
7

0
.3
7
7

0
.2
1
0

0
.9
9
3

0
.2
5
2

0
.2
4
4

0
.1
7
4

0
.3
3
5

P
F
O
S
_
L
in
ea
r

0
.1
8
9

0
.1
8
9

0
.1
7
3

0
.2
0
2

0
.1
8
3

0
.1
7
2

0
.0
8
8

0
.2
6
2

P
F
D
S

0
.0
0
9

0
.0
0
5

0
.0
0
3

0
.0
3
4

<
0
.0
0
5

P
F
O
S
A

0
.0
0
8

0
.0
0
4

0
.0
0
3

0
.0
3
0

0
.0
1
2

0
.0
0
8

0
.0
0
3

0
.0
3
2

ALCES VOL. 53, 2017 LARTER ET AL. – POPS IN MOOSE LIVERS

25



T
ab
le

S
9
A
.
P
ea
rs
o
n
co
rr
el
at
io
n
m
at
ri
x
fo
r
m
aj
o
r
h
al
o
g
en
at
ed

o
rg
an
ic

co
n
ta
m
in
an
ts
in

m
o
o
se

li
v
er
.
C
o
rr
el
at
io
n
co
ef
fi
ci
en
ts
in

b
o
ld

ar
e
si
g
n
if
ic
an
t
at

P
<
0
.0
5
.

A
g
e

%
li
p
id

L
o
g

Σ
P
F
C
A

L
o
g

Σ
P
F
S
A

L
o
g

Σ
1
3
P
B
D
E

L
o
g

Σ
P
C
B

L
o
g

Σ
E
n
d
o
-

su
lf
an

L
o
g

T
o
x
a-

p
h
en
e

L
o
g

Σ
D
D
T

L
o
g

Σ
C
H
L

L
o
g

Σ
H
C
H

L
o
g

Σ
C
B
Z

L
o
g

Σ
M
o
n
o
_
D
i

C
B

L
o
g

Σ
T
ri
-C
B

L
o
g

Σ
T
et
ra
-

C
B

L
o
g

Σ
p
en
ta
-

C
B

A
g
e

1

%
li
p
id

0
.2
6
6

1

L
o
g
Σ
P
F
C
A

0
.2
4
8

0
.4
0
6

1

L
o
g
Σ
P
F
S
A

0
.0
7
6

0
.5
9
0

0
.6
9
9

1

L
o
g
Σ
1
3
P
B
D
E

0
.1
8
7

0
.3
4
1

0
.0
1
8

0
.1
3
8

1

L
o
g
Σ
P
C
B

0
.2
8
5

0
.0
4
2

�
0
.0
0
1

�
0
.0
3
3

0
.4
6
0

1

L
o
g
Σ
E
n
d
o
-

su
lf
an

0
.0
0
6

0
.3
4
1

0
.3
2
8

0
.6
1
8

0
.0
0
5

0
.3
0
9

1

L
o
g
T
o
x
a-

p
h
en
e

�
0
.2
8
8

�
0
.1
5
2

�
0
.4
9
8

�
0
.5
0
5

�
0
.2
0
1

�
0
.0
4
6

�
0
.0
5
4

1

L
o
g
Σ
D
D
T

�
0
.3
6
8

0
.4
2

�
0
.0
3
8

0
.4
1
8

�
0
.0
8
6

0
.1
0
3

0
.6
2
3

0
.2
6
8

1

L
o
g
Σ
C
H
L

0
.1
0
7

0
.1
0
3

0
.0
5

�
0
.0
9
6

0
.6
0
2

0
.3
5
8

�
0
.4
2
3

�
0
.3
1
4

�
0
.5
0
5

1

L
o
g
Σ
H
C
H

0
.1
4
9

�
0
.2
4
0

�
0
.2
5
1

�
0
.4
0
5

�
0
.0
11

�
0
.2
9
4

�
0
.7
9

�
0
.1
9
5

�
0
.6
9
8

0
.5
1
4

1

L
o
g
Σ
C
B
Z

0
.3
8

�
0
.4
9
6

�
0
.1
6
3

�
0
.5
5
5

0
.0
3
2

0
.0
5
2

�
0
.6
2
2

�
0
.1
5
4

�
0
.8
2
1

0
.4
5
7

0
.7
5

1

L
o
g

Σ
M
o
n
o
_
D
i-

C
B

0
.2
2
7

�
0
.5
5
6

�
0
.3
7
1

�
0
.8
2
9

�
0
.3
2
4

0
.1
4
7

�
0
.5
1
4

0
.2
1
2

�
0
.5
5
9

0
.0
8
9

0
.4
8
8

0
.6
7
1

1

L
o
g
Σ
T
ri
-C
B

�
0
.0
2
8

�
0
.4
8
1

�
0
.1
1
8

�
0
.5
8
3

�
0
.3
2
5

0
.0
3
6

�
0
.6
4
3

�
0
.0
3
8

�
0
.5
0
2

0
.3
2
1

0
.5
9
4

0
.5
9
2

0
.7
8
1

1

L
o
g

Σ
T
et
ra
-C
B

0
.4
8
5

�
0
.3
1
9

�
0
.4
2
6

�
0
.6
0
5

0
.1
5
4

0
.6
1
3

�
0
.2
8
5

0
.0
9
1

�
0
.2
6
7

0
.2
0
1

0
.2
3
3

0
.5
4
6

0
.7
0
9

0
.4
5
9

1

L
o
g

Σ
p
en
ta
-C
B

0
.5
1
8

�
0
.3
8
4

�
0
.0
1
8

�
0
.3
3
9

�
0
.3
0
3

0
.2
2
3

�
0
.2
0
2

�
0
.2
2
9

�
0
.4
2
6

0
.0
5
9

0
.3
4
4

0
.6
2
8

0
.6
8
1

0
.6
6
4

0
.6
6
7

1

L
o
g

Σ
h
ex
a-
C
B

�
0
.2
9
4

0
.4
2
1

0
.3
6
5

0
.5
7
6

�
0
.1
9
6

�
0
.0
8
1

0
.5
5
5

0
.2
7
7

0
.6
8
6

�
0
.3
0
9

�
0
.6
5
9

�
0
.7
1
7

�
0
.6
6
2

�
0
.4
5
3

�
0
.5
8
8

�
0
.4
1
6

26

POPS IN MOOSE LIVERS – LARTER ET AL. ALCES VOL. 53, 2017



T
ab
le
S
9
B
.
P
ea
rs
o
n
co
rr
el
at
io
n
m
at
ri
x
fo
r
se
le
ct
ed

in
d
iv
id
u
al
h
al
o
g
en
at
ed

o
rg
an
ic
co
n
ta
m
in
an
ts
in

m
o
o
se

li
v
er
.
C
o
rr
el
at
io
n
co
ef
fi
ci
en
ts
in

b
o
ld

ar
e
si
g
n
if
ic
an
t
at

P
<
0
.0
5
.

A
G
E

%
li
p
id

L
o
g

H
C
B
D

L
o
g
1
2
4
5
-

T
eC

B
z

L
o
g
1
2
3
4
-

T
eC

B
z

L
o
g

P
eC

B
z

L
o
g

H
C
B

L
o
g

P
C
A

L
o
g

αH
C
H

L
o
g

βH
C
H

L
o
g

γH
C
H

L
o
g
h
ep
ta
-c
h
lo
r

ep
o
x
id
e

L
o
g

O
x
y
ch
lo
rd
an
e

A
G
E

1
.0
0
0

%
li
p
id

0
.2
6
6

1
.0
0
0

L
o
g
H
C
B
D

0
.0
3
5

0
.5
6
9

1
.0
0
0

L
o
g
1
2
4
5
_
T
eC

B
z

0
.3
4
1

�
0
.5
1
3

�
0
.6
0
8

1
.0
0
0

L
o
g
1
2
3
4
_
T
eC

B
z

0
.3
4
7

�
0
.5
1
3

�
0
.5
9
9

1
.0
0
0

1
.0
0
0

L
o
g
P
eC

B
z

0
.3
4
2

�
0
.4
5
7

�
0
.5
5
2

0
.9
7
2

0
.9
7
2

1
.0
0
0

L
o
g
H
C
B

0
.1
0
3

�
0
.4
2
6

�
0
.5
1
0

0
.4
6
7

0
.4
5
8

0
.4
7
6

1
.0
0
0

L
o
g
P
C
A

0
.4
3
6

�
0
.2
9
8

�
0
.5
2
9

0
.7
7
8

0
.7
7
0

0
.8
2
8

0
.5
4
3

1
.0
0
0

L
o
g
αH

C
H

0
.2
4
0

�
0
.5
8
7

�
0
.5
2
0

0
.9
2
0

0
.9
1
9

0
.8
7
2

0
.5
9
1

0
.6
6
4

1
.0
0
0

L
o
g
βH

C
H

�
0
.1
7
8

0
.4
0
8

0
.4
1
6

�
0
.1
3
0

�
0
.1
2
8

�
0
.1
1
7

�
0
.3
4
1

�
0
.2
1
7

�
0
.1
7
0

1
.0
0
0

L
o
g
γH

C
H

0
.1
3
9

�
0
.3
5
1

�
0
.5
5
1

0
.6
4
1

0
.6
4
1

0
.6
9
7

0
.4
1
4

0
.5
3
7

0
.5
1
2

0
.1
5
5

1
.0
0
0

L
o
g
h
ep
ta
ch
lo
r
ep
o
x
id
e

0
.3
2
9

0
.0
2
1

�
0
.0
5
9

0
.5
3
1

0
.5
3
4

0
.5
4
2

0
.1
1
6

0
.5
5
6

0
.3
2
7

0
.1
7
2

0
.3
0
2

1
.0
0
0

L
o
g
O
x
y
ch
lo
rd
an
e

�
0
.0
3
8

0
.2
6
5

�
0
.0
2
7

0
.1
1
4

0
.1
1
2

0
.2
1
2

0
.3
3
5

0
.3
0
8

0
.1
4
6

0
.2
8
2

0
.3
6
4

0
.3
0
6

1
.0
0
0

L
o
g
ci
s-
ch
lo
rd
an
e

0
.2
0
1

�
0
.5
9
4

�
0
.3
7
6

0
.7
2
1

0
.7
2
3

0
.6
7
9

0
.2
8
3

0
.4
6
2

0
.6
3
3

�
0
.2
8
2

0
.3
8
3

0
.5
8
6

�
0
.2
3
8

L
o
g
α-
E
n
d
o
su
lf
an

0
.1
2
4

0
.3
6
9

0
.3
2
7

�
0
.3
2
0

�
0
.3
1
4

�
0
.2
8
3

�
0
.4
5
7

0
.0
2
3

�
0
.4
9
4

�
0
.0
2
5

�
0
.4
0
6

0
.3
8
0

�
0
.1
4
0

L
o
g
en
d
o
su
lf
an

su
lf
at
e

0
.0
7
2

0
.4
3
2

0
.6
3
5

�
0
.7
2
9

�
0
.7
2
6

�
0
.7
0
0

�
0
.4
9
9

�
0
.5
2
8

�
0
.6
5
0

�
0
.1
8
0

�
0
.6
9
3

�
0
.4
3
6

�
0
.4
4
4

L
o
g
m
ir
ex

�
0
.1
0
2

�
0
.4
6
4

0
.0
3
6

0
.1
8
6

0
.1
9
7

0
.1
2
7

�
0
.0
4
7

�
0
.2
7
4

0
.3
2
1

0
.1
3
4

0
.1
8
2

�
0
.1
5
4

�
0
.3
3
7

L
o
g
B
D
E
4
7

0
.4
6
2

�
0
.2
2
5

�
0
.3
11

0
.6
3
1

0
.6
2
8

0
.6
3
2

0
.3
3
3

0
.7
3
6

0
.4
4
8

�
0
.0
6
8

0
.4
2
5

0
.8
3
0

0
.2
5
8

L
o
g
P
F
N
A

0
.1
4
8

0
.4
5
2

0
.5
4
8

�
0
.3
11

�
0
.3
0
6

�
0
.2
8
5

�
0
.4
9
8

�
0
.3
3
6

�
0
.4
3
7

0
.4
1
5

�
0
.0
7
1

0
.3
3
3

�
0
.0
4
0

L
o
g
P
F
D
A

0
.3
9
1

0
.3
3
9

0
.2
9
5

�
0
.2
11

�
0
.2
0
8

�
0
.2
6
4

�
0
.0
1
0

�
0
.2
3
4

�
0
.2
4
6

0
.1
5
2

�
0
.1
0
0

0
.2
9
6

�
0
.0
5
9

L
o
g
P
F
U
N
A

0
.0
2
5

0
.5
0
2

0
.6
2
5

�
0
.6
7
7

�
0
.6
7
1

�
0
.6
9
4

�
0
.4
3
3

�
0
.6
6
5

�
0
.7
0
5

0
.0
8
5

�
0
.6
1
7

�
0
.0
1
0

�
0
.2
8
2

L
o
g
P
F
B
S

�
0
.0
0
5

0
.2
4
5

0
.5
8
9

�
0
.1
8
5

�
0
.1
7
0

�
0
.1
7
3

�
0
.4
7
5

�
0
.2
4
6

�
0
.2
0
1

0
.7
4
3

�
0
.1
0
1

0
.2
1
3

0
.0
0
1

L
o
g
P
F
H
X
S

0
.1
9
3

0
.3
5
9

0
.6
7
8

�
0
.4
0
8

�
0
.3
9
7

�
0
.3
3
6

�
0
.1
6
4

�
0
.1
4
9

�
0
.2
8
1

�
0
.1
6
0

�
0
.6
2
7

0
.0
5
3

0
.1
5
1

L
o
g
P
F
O
S

�
0
.0
0
8

0
.5
5
5

0
.6
11

�
0
.7
0
5

�
0
.7
0
4

�
0
.7
1
5

�
0
.2
3
6

�
0
.5
9
0

�
0
.7
0
2

0
.3
6
8

�
0
.3
8
1

�
0
.0
2
3

�
0
.0
8
7

ALCES VOL. 53, 2017 LARTER ET AL. – POPS IN MOOSE LIVERS

27



L
o
g

O
x
y
ch
lo
rd
an
e

L
o
g
ci
s-

ch
lo
rd
an
e

L
o
g

αE
n
d
o
sl
fa
n

L
o
g
en
d
o
su
lf
an

su
lf
at
e

L
o
g

B
D
E
4
7

L
o
g

P
F
N
A

L
o
g

P
F
D
A

L
o
g

P
F
U
N
A

L
o
g

P
F
B
S

L
o
g

P
F
H
X
S

A
G
E

%
li
p
id

L
o
g
H
C
B
D

L
o
g
1
2
4
5
_
T
C
B
Z

L
o
g
1
2
3
4
_
T
C
B
Z

L
o
g
P
eC

B
Z

L
o
g
H
C
B

L
o
g
P
C
A

L
o
g
αH

C
H

L
o
g
βH

C
H

L
o
g
γH

C
H

L
o
g
h
ep
ta
ch
lo
r

ep
o
x
id
e

L
o
g
O
x
y
ch
lo
rd
an
e

L
o
g
ci
s-
ch
lo
rd
an
e

1

L
o
g
α-
E
n
d
o
su
lf
an

�
0
.0
7
6

1

L
o
g
en
d
o
su
lf
an

su
lf
at
e

�
0
.3
5
3

0
.4
5
9

1

L
o
g
m
ir
ex

0
.4
4
4

�
0
.4
7
1

�
0
.0
4
4

1

L
o
g
B
D
E
4
7

0
.6
3
5

0
.1
1
9

�
0
.5
3
1

�
0
.0
8
7

1

L
o
g
P
F
N
A

0
.1
5
1

0
.3
0
2

0
.3
4
6

0
.2
3
8

0
.1
8

1

L
o
g
P
F
D
A

0
.1
8
5

0
.1
2
8

0
.2
1
2

0
.2
2
8

0
.2
9
3

0
.7
3

1

L
o
g
P
F
U
N
A

�
0
.1
5
2

0
.3
8
2

0
.6
0
7

0
.0
5
3

�
0
.1
6
1

0
.6
9
5

0
.7
1
7

1

L
o
g
P
F
B
S

�
0
.1
6
9

0
.3
2
3

0
.0
8
5

0
.2
7
6

�
0
.0
4
4

0
.3
8

0
.1
8
2

0
.2
3
7

1

L
o
g
P
F
H
X
S

�
0
.2
6
7

0
.4
8
2

0
.5
5
2

�
0
.2
0
9

�
0
.0
8
5

0
.1
2
6

0
.1
1
9

0
.4
1
9

0
.2
7
2

1

L
o
g
P
F
O
S

�
0
.3
1
7

0
.3
1
3

0
.4
8
7

�
0
.0
1
5

�
0
.1
8
5

0
.6
5
8

0
.7
5
9

0
.8
4
2

0
.3
6
9

0
.2
5
7

28

POPS IN MOOSE LIVERS – LARTER ET AL. ALCES VOL. 53, 2017



T
ab
le

S
9
C
.
P
ea
rs
o
n
co
rr
el
at
io
n
m
at
ri
x
fo
r
se
le
ct
ed

P
C
B
co
n
g
en
er
s
(c
o
-e
lu
te
rs

re
p
o
rt
ed

as
si
n
g
le

G
C
p
ea
k
s)

in
m
o
o
se

li
v
er
.
C
o
rr
el
at
io
n
co
ef
fi
ci
en
ts
in

b
o
ld

ar
e

si
g
n
if
ic
an
t
at

P
<
0
.0
5
.

A
g
e

%
L
ip
id

L
o
g
C
B
1
5

L
o
g
C
B
3
1
_
2
8

L
o
g
C
B
7
3
_
5
2

L
o
g
C
B
5
6
_
6
0

L
o
g
C
B
1
0
5
_
1
2
7

L
o
g
C
B
1
5
3

L
o
g
C
B
1
5
6

L
o
g
C
B
1
8
0

A
g
e

1

%
L
ip
id

0
.2
6
6

1

L
o
g
C
B
1
5

�
0
.4
5
5

0
.0
6
6

1

L
o
g
C
B
3
1
_
2
8

0
.3
8
8

�
0
.4
2
4

�
0
.3
0
9

1

L
o
g
C
B
7
3
_
5
2

�
0
.3
7
2

0
.3
5
1

0
.1
5
5

�
0
.7
2
1

1

L
o
g
C
B
5
6
_
6
0

0
.3
9
5

�
0
.0
5
4

�
0
.2
8
5

0
.2
4
9

0
.2
1
3

1

L
o
g
C
B
1
0
5
_
1
2
7

0
.4
2
4

�
0
.5
3
2

�
0
.1
8
7

0
.9
2
2

�
0
.7
7
0

0
.2
4
3

1

L
o
g
C
B
1
5
3

�
0
.2
3
9

�
0
.2
2
3

�
0
.0
0
3

�
0
.3
6
7

0
.6
4
6

0
.2
2
0

�
0
.3
11

1

L
o
g
C
B
1
5
6

0
.1
2
9

�
0
.5
7
2

0
.2
5
0

0
.3
2
6

�
0
.4
6
6

0
.0
4
3

0
.6
2
5

0
.0
1
4

1

L
o
g
C
B
1
8
0

�
0
.1
1
3

0
.0
2
1

�
0
.0
2
5

�
0
.5
0
0

0
.4
7
4

�
0
.1
2
3

�
0
.4
9
2

0
.7
9
6

�
0
.1
9
4

1

L
o
g
C
B
1
9
6
_
2
0
3

�
0
.0
6
3

0
.1
3
9

�
0
.2
1
2

�
0
.5
3
8

0
.4
3
8

�
0
.1
8
1

�
0
.5
5
8

0
.6
1
2

�
0
.2
9
9

0
.8
8
6

ALCES VOL. 53, 2017 LARTER ET AL. – POPS IN MOOSE LIVERS

29



T
ab
le

S
1
0
A
.
C
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
m
ea
n
co
n
ce
n
tr
at
io
n
s
(l
o
g
n
g
/g

w
et

w
t)
o
f
m
aj
o
r
h
al
o
g
en
at
ed

o
rg
an
ic
s
in

m
o
o
se

li
v
er

fr
o
m

th
e
D
eh
ch
o
an
d
S
o
u
th

S
la
v
e
(S
S
R
)

re
g
io
n
s
u
si
n
g
th
e
S
tu
d
en
ts
t-
te
st
as
su
m
in
g
se
p
ar
at
e
v
ar
ia
n
ce
;
si
g
n
if
ic
an
t
v
al
u
es

ar
e
b
o
ld
ed

(P
<
0
.0
5
).

V
ar
ia
b
le

R
eg
io
n

n
M
ea
n

S
ta
n
d
D
ev

M
ea
n
D
if
fe
re
n
ce

L
o
w
er

9
5
%

L
im

it
U
p
p
er

9
5
%

L
im

it
t

d
f

p
-V
al
u
e

L
o
g
Σ
P
F
C
A

D
eh
ch
o

7
�
0
.1
5
2

0
.1
6
2

0
.0
5
7

�
0
.1
0
5

0
.2
1
8

0
.7
8
3

1
0
.1
2
9

0
.4
5
2

S
S
R

7
�
0
.2
0
9

0
.1
0
2

L
o
g
Σ
P
F
S
A

D
eh
ch
o

7
�
0
.2
8
4

0
.1
8
9

0
.2
4
5

0
.0
6
1

0
.4
2
9

3
.0

9
.3
8
2

0
.0
1
4

S
S
R

7
�
0
.5
2
9

0
.1
0
5

L
o
g
Σ
P
B
D
E

D
eh
ch
o

7
�
0
.5
8
9

0
.5
1
6

0
.3
5
4

�
0
.1
7
5

0
.8
8
4

1
.4
7
4

1
0
.9
2
3

0
.1
6
9

S
S
R

7
�
0
.9
4
3

0
.3
7
3

L
o
g
Σ
P
C
B

D
eh
ch
o

7
�
0
.2
1
7

0
.1
7
7

0
.2
4

0
.0
1
6

0
.4
6
5

2
.3
4
1

11
.7
4
2

0
.0
3
8

S
S
R

7
�
0
.4
5
8

0
.2
0
6

L
o
g
Σ
E
n
d
o
su
lf
an

D
eh
ch
o

7
�
1
.4
7
8

0
.3
7
3

0
.3
6
1

�
0
.0
0
2

0
.7
2
4

2
.2
3
8

9
.3
9
6

0
.0
5
1

S
S
R

7
�
1
.8
3
9

0
.2
0
8

L
o
g
T
o
x
ap
h
en
e

D
eh
ch
o

7
�
0
.1
9
2

0
.3
2
9

�
0
.1
9
0

�
0
.5
3
3

0
.1
5
3

�
1
.2
1
5

11
.1
9
7

0
.2
4
9

S
S
R

7
�
0
.0
0
2

0
.2
5
0

L
o
g
Σ
C
H
L

D
eh
ch
o

7
�
1
.0
5
2

0
.2
9
6

0
.0
3
3

�
0
.2
8
1

0
.3
4
6

0
.2
3

11
0
.8
2
3

S
S
R

7
�
1
.0
8
5

0
.2
3
7

L
o
g
Σ
H
C
H

D
eh
ch
o

7
�
0
.8
5
9

0
.1
4
3

�
0
.1
2
3

�
0
.2
7
7

0
.0
3

�
1
.7
6

11
.5
5
3

0
.1
0
5

S
S
R

7
�
0
.7
3
6

0
.1
1
8

L
o
g
Σ
C
B
Z

D
eh
ch
o

7
�
0
.4
7
9

0
.4
4
3

�
0
.3
5
1

�
0
.7
6
7

0
.0
6
6

�
1
.9
5
4

7
.7
2
2

0
.0
8
8

S
S
R

7
�
0
.1
2
8

0
.1
7

L
o
g
Σ
M
o
n
o
_
D
i-
C
B

D
eh
ch
o

7
�
1
.5
0
3

1
.0
8
6

�
1
.0
8
1

�
2
.1
1
8

�
0
.0
4

�
2
.3
7
5

8
.6
1
6

0
.0
4
3

S
S
R

7
�
0
.4
2
2

0
.5
2
0

L
o
g
Σ
T
ri
-C
B

D
eh
ch
o

7
�
1
.8
4
4

0
.8
3
0

�
0
.6
0
8

�
1
.4
0
2

0
.1
8
7

�
1
.7
3
9

8
.7
3
5

0
.1
1
7

S
S
R

7
�
1
.2
3
6

0
.4
0
8

L
o
g
Σ
T
et
ra
-C
B

D
eh
ch
o

7
�
1
.3
0
1

0
.6
9
0

0
.0
0
9

�
0
.6
3
9

0
.6
5
8

0
.0
3
3

7
.7
1
2

0
.9
7
5

S
S
R

7
�
1
.3
1

0
.2
6
4

L
o
g
Σ
h
ex
a-
C
B

D
eh
ch
o

7
�
1
.3
4
9

0
.6
2
1

0
.3
4
2

�
0
.2
5
1

0
.9
3
6

1
.3
1
4

8
.6
3
5

0
.2
2
3

S
S
R

7
�
1
.6
9
2

0
.2
9
9

30

POPS IN MOOSE LIVERS – LARTER ET AL. ALCES VOL. 53, 2017



T
ab
le
S
1
0
B
.
C
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
m
ea
n
co
n
ce
n
tr
at
io
n
s
(l
o
g
n
g
/g

w
et
w
t)
o
f
m
aj
o
r
in
d
iv
id
u
al
h
al
o
g
en
at
ed

o
rg
an
ic

co
n
ta
m
in
an
ts
in

m
o
o
se

li
v
er

fr
o
m

th
e
D
eh
ch
o
an
d

S
o
u
th

S
la
v
e
(S
S
R
)
re
g
io
n
s
u
si
n
g
th
e
S
tu
d
en
ts
t-
te
st
as
su
m
in
g
se
p
ar
at
e
v
ar
ia
n
ce
;
si
g
n
if
ic
an
t
v
al
u
es

ar
e
b
o
ld
ed

(P
<
0
.0
5
).

V
ar
ia
b
le

R
eg
io
n

n
M
ea
n

S
ta
n
d
D
ev

M
ea
n
D
if
fe
re
n
ce

L
o
w
er

9
5
%

C
I

U
p
p
er

9
5
%

C
I

t
d
f

p
-V
al
u
e

L
o
g
H
C
B
D

D
eh
ch
o

7
�
1
.9
8
2

0
.1
3

0
.4
0
6

0
.2
5
4

0
.5
5
8

5
.8
1

1
2

0
.0
0
1

S
S
R

7
�
2
.3
8
8

0
.1
3
1

L
o
g
1
2
4
5
-T
eC

B
z

JM
R

7
�
1
.8
0
4

1
.1
1
9

�
0
.9
3
2

�
1
.9
6
8

0
.1
0
3

�
2
.1
8
4

6
.2
2
4

0
.0
7

S
S
R

7
�
0
.8
7
2

0
.1
5
3

L
o
g
1
2
3
4
-T
eC

B
z

JM
R

7
�
1
.7
8
5

1
.1
4
4

�
0
.9
3
2

�
1
.9
9

0
.1
2
6

�
2
.1
3
9

6
.1
8
1

0
.0
7
5

S
S
R

7
�
0
.8
5
3

0
.1
4

L
o
g
P
eC

B
z

D
eh
ch
o

7
�
1
.4
3
6

0
.7
2
5

�
0
.5
9
9

�
1
.2
7
1

0
.0
7
3

�
2
.1
4

7
0
.0
7
2

S
S
R

7
�
0
.8
3
7

0
.1
6

L
o
g
H
C
B

D
eh
ch
o

7
�
0
.7
7
9

0
.1
3
5

�
0
.2
2
9

�
0
.5
0
5

0
.0
4
6

�
1
.9
0

8
0
.0
9
2

S
S
R

7
�
0
.5
4
9

0
.2
9

L
o
g
P
C
A

D
eh
ch
o

7
�
2
.0
3

0
.6
7

�
0
.3
9
7

�
1
.0
5
1

0
.2
5
6

�
1
.3
6

1
0

0
.2
0
4

S
S
R

7
�
1
.6
3
3

0
.3
8
1

L
o
g
α-
H
C
H

D
eh
ch
o

7
�
1
.6
2
3

0
.5
1
3

�
0
.3
4
1

�
0
.8
1
8

0
.1
3
7

�
1
.6
8
3

7
.0
7

0
.1
1
8

S
S
R

7
�
1
.2
8
2

0
.1
5
4

L
o
g
β-
H
C
H

D
eh
ch
o

7
�
1
.1
0
9

0
.0
8
1

0
.0
4
4

�
0
.1
0
8

0
.1
9
7

0
.6
5
7

8
.9
2

0
.5
2
3

S
S
R

7
�
1
.1
5
3

0
.1
5
9

L
o
g
γ-
H
C
H

D
eh
ch
o

7
�
1
.6
8
4

0
.3
1
3

�
0
.4
4

�
0
.7
4
1

�
0
.1
3
8

�
3
.3
0
7

8
.9
3

0
.0
0
6

S
S
R

7
�
1
.2
4
4

0
.1
6

0
.1
1
8

L
o
g
h
ep
ta
ch
lo
r-
ep
o
x
id
e

D
eh
ch
o

7
�
1
.4
8
0

0
.3
8
7

�
0
.0
0
2

�
0
.3
8
5

0
.3
8

�
0
.0
1
4

9
.9
2
3

0
.9
8
9

S
S
R

7
�
1
.4
7
7

0
.2
3
6

L
o
g
o
x
y
ch
lo
rd
an
e

D
eh
ch
o

7
�
1
.7

0
.5
0
8

�
0
.0
4
0

�
0
.5
7
7

0
.4
9
7

�
0
.1
6

11
0
.8
7
3

S
S
R

7
�
1
.6
6

0
.4
0
1

L
o
g
ci
s-
ch
lo
rd
an
e

D
eh
ch
o

7
�
1
.9
6
5

0
.5
5
2

�
0
.2
8
0

�
0
.8
0
3

0
.2
4
3

�
1
.2
3

8
0
.2
5
4

S
S
R

7
�
1
.6
8
6

0
.2
4
1

T
ab
le

S
1
0
B
co
n
ti
n
u
ed

.
.
.
.

ALCES VOL. 53, 2017 LARTER ET AL. – POPS IN MOOSE LIVERS

31



T
ab
le

S
1
0
B
co
n
ti
n
u
ed

V
ar
ia
b
le

R
eg
io
n

n
M
ea
n

S
ta
n
d
D
ev

M
ea
n
D
if
fe
re
n
ce

L
o
w
er

9
5
%

C
I

U
p
p
er

9
5
%

C
I

t
d
f

p
-V
al
u
e

L
o
g
α-
en
d
o
su
lf
an

D
eh
ch
o

7
�
2
.0
9
1

0
.4
2
4

0
.3
5
3

�
0
.1
4
7

0
.8
5
4

1
.5
4

1
2

0
.1
5
0

S
S
R

7
�
2
.4
4
5

0
.4
3
5

L
o
g
en
d
o
su
lf
an

su
lf
at
e

D
eh
ch
o

7
�
1
.8
2
5

0
.4
7
9

0
.5
2
1

0
.0
6
2

0
.9
8
0

2
.5
8

9
0
.0
3
0

S
S
R

7
�
2
.3
4
6

0
.2
3
6

L
o
g
m
ir
ex

D
eh
ch
o

7
�
2
.6
0
4

0
.4
3
7

�
0
.0
3
1

�
0
.5
3
6

0
.4
7
4

�
0
.1
3
5

1
2

0
.8
9
5

S
S
R

7
�
2
.5
7
3

0
.4
3
0

L
o
g
B
D
E
4
7

D
eh
ch
o

7
�
1
.4
3
7

0
.8
5
1

�
0
.0
9
7

�
0
.8
9
0

0
.6
9
7

�
0
.2
9

7
0
.7
8
3

S
S
R

7
�
1
.3
4
1

0
.2
7
7

L
o
g
P
F
N
A

D
eh
ch
o

7
�
0
.6
1
5

0
.1
4
2

0
.1
5
3

�
0
.0
5
7

0
.3
6
3

1
.6
1

11
0
.1
3
7

S
S
R

7
�
0
.7
6
8

0
.2
0
7

L
o
g
P
F
D
A

D
eh
ch
o

7
�
0
.6
9

0
.2
6

0
.1
3
8

�
0
.1
2
6

0
.4
0
2

1
.1
5

11
0
.2
7
4

S
S
R

7
�
0
.8
2
7

0
.1
7
9

L
o
g
P
F
U
N
A

D
eh
ch
o

7
�
0
.8
1
7

0
.2

0
.2
2
6

0
.0
2
8

0
.4
2
5

2
.5
4

1
0

0
.0
2
9

S
S
R

7
�
1
.0
4
4

0
.1
2
6

L
o
g
P
F
O
S

D
eh
ch
o

7
�
0
.4
2
3

0
.2
4
3

0
.1
8
9

�
0
.0
4
3

0
.4
2
1

1
.8
6

9
0
.0
9
8

S
S
R

7
�
0
.6
1
2

0
.1
1
7

L
o
g
P
F
B
S

D
eh
ch
o

7
�
1
.2
8

0
.1
5
4

0
.4
6
7

�
0
.0
7
8

1
.0
1
2

2
.0
3
5

6
.8
2
7

0
.0
8
2

S
S
R

7
�
1
.7
4
7

0
.5
8
7

L
o
g
P
F
H
x
S

D
eh
ch
o

7
�
1
.2
4
6

0
.2
2
6

0
.9
4

0
.4
8

1
.4

4
.6
6
3

8
.5
0
4

0
.0
0
1

S
S
R

7
�
2
.1
8
6

0
.4
8
3

L
o
g
P
C
B
1
5

D
eh
ch
o

7
�
1
.9
6
9

1
.2
9

�
0
.6
4
5

�
1
.9
0
3

0
.6
1
4

�
1
.1
5

1
0

0
.2
7
8

S
S
R

7
�
1
.3
2
5

0
.7
3
3

L
o
g
P
C
B
1
7

D
eh
ch
o

7
�
1
.6
0
7

0
.4
5
4

0
.1
9
9

�
0
.2
5
9

0
.6
5
8

0
.9
6

11
0
.3
5
8

S
S
R

7
�
1
.8
0
6

0
.3
0
7

T
ab
le

S
1
0
B
co
n
ti
n
u
ed

.
.
.
.

32

POPS IN MOOSE LIVERS – LARTER ET AL. ALCES VOL. 53, 2017



T
ab
le

S
1
0
B
co
n
ti
n
u
ed

V
ar
ia
b
le

R
eg
io
n

n
M
ea
n

S
ta
n
d
D
ev

M
ea
n
D
if
fe
re
n
ce

L
o
w
er

9
5
%

C
I

U
p
p
er

9
5
%

C
I

t
d
f

p
-V
al
u
e

L
o
g
C
B
2
0
_
3
3
_
2
1

D
eh
ch
o

7
�
1
.8
6
9

0
.6
1
6

0
.0
6
4

�
0
.6
8
5

0
.8
1
2

0
.1
9

1
2

0
.8
5
5

S
S
R

7
�
1
.9
3
2

0
.6
6
8

L
o
g
P
C
B
5
6
_
6
0

D
eh
ch
o

7
�
2
.1
0
9

1
.0
1

�
0
.6
7
5

�
1
.6
1
9

0
.2
6
8

�
1
.6
8

7
0
.1
3
5

S
S
R

7
�
1
.4
3
3

0
.3
4
2

L
o
g
P
C
B
1
5
3

D
eh
ch
o

7
�
2
.6
0
7

0
.3
6
8

�
0
.4
7
8

�
0
.9
6
2

0
.0
0
6

�
2
.1
6

11
0
.0
5
3

S
S
R

7
�
2
.1
2
9

0
.4
5
5

ALCES VOL. 53, 2017 LARTER ET AL. – POPS IN MOOSE LIVERS

33


	PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS IN THE LIVERS OF MOOSE HARVESTED IN THE SOUTHERN NORTHWEST TERRITORIES, CANADA
	ANALYTICAL METHODS
	PCBs, OCOs, and BFRs
	PFASs 

	QUALITY ASSURANCE
	title_bkm_6