AMQ29(1) 3 Galli 35-44.pub


 

   

 Available online http://amq.aiqua.it 
ISSN (print): 2279-7327, ISSN (online): 2279-7335 
 
 
 

Alpine and Mediterranean Quaternary, 29 (1), 2016, 35 - 44 

THE LITTLE-KNOWN EARTHQUAKE OF 1643 IN SICILY  
 
 

Paolo Galli 1,2   
 

1 Dipartimento della Protezione Civile, Rome Italy 
2 CNR - IGAG, Rome, Italy 

Corresponding author: P. Galli  <paolo.galli@protezionecivile.it > 

 
 

ABSTRACT: With earthquakes being most common to eastern Sicily (Mw >7.0), the mountainous region northwest of Mount Etna 
(Madonie-Nebrodi range) is affected by sparse, low magnitude seismicity (Mw≤ 5.0), with macroseismic intensities ≤ 7-8 MCS. Among 
these, the 1643 event is currently rated with an intensity of 6-7 MCS degree, related to only one locality (Troina, Enna province). New infor-
mation retrieved from a coeval manuscript discovered in the National Library of Spain in Madrid, together with other unknown documents, 
allows now to provide a reliable damaging scenario for the mesoseismic area of the 1643 sequence. News concern five localities, account-
ing for an epicentral intensity of 8 MCS and a related Mw 5.6, which is the strongest of the region. In some villages, the 1643 effects were 
even higher than in 1693, the catastrophic earthquake that razed to the ground dozen of towns in eastern Sicily, with damage from Malta to 
Palermo. The E-W elongated damage area fully matches the normal-fault plane solution of the focal mechanisms of two recent earth-
quakes falling close to the 1643 epicenter, suggesting thus a similar trend for the seismogenic structure. The earthquake was also followed 
by an unreported activity of Mount Etna which was dormant since 1638.  
 
Keywords: historical seismology, 1643 earthquake, Nebrodi seismicity, Etna eruptions  
 

1. INTRODUCTION 
 
The seismicity of Sicily is mainly clustered in the 

easternmost side of the island. Leaving aside the iso-
lated 1968 Belice sequence in western Sicily (Mw 6.3), 
or the offshore seismicity paralleling the entire northern 
Tyrrenian coast, from Ustica to the Aeolian Islands (e.g., 
events of 2002, Mw 5.9; 1823, Mw 6.5; 1978, Mw 6.1), 
all the strongest historical earthquakes occurred be-
tween the Hyblean Plateau to the south, and the 
Messina Strait to the north (Fig. 1). Among these, there 
are the most catastrophic events ever happened in 
Europe, as those in January 9 and 11, 1693 (Mw ~6 and 
Mw 7.3, respectively), with a possible ancestor in Febru-
ary 4, 1169 (Mw ~6.5), and the December 28, 1908 
earthquake and tsunamis (Mw 7.3). Furthermore, Mw>6 
events occurred in 1542 (Lentini area: Mw 6.4), 1818 
(southern Etna area: Mw 6.2), and 1786 (Patti area: Mw 
6.2), besides sever others spanning 5.5<Mw<6.0, with 
epicenters mainly in the Hyblean Plateau and along its 
eastern coast. 

Conversely, in the rest of Sicily, and chiefly north-
west to Mount Etna (i.e., E-W trending ranges of Ne-
brodi-Madonie Mountains; Fig. 1), the seismic cata-
logues report sparse epicenters of low magnitude earth-
quakes (Mw≤ 5.5), which are seldom responsible for 
damage, as in the 1818 and 1819 events (Io 7-8 MCS; 
Madonie Mountains) or in the 1967 earthquake (Io 8 
MCS; Nebrodi Mountains). According to the seismic 
compilations (e.g., Mongitore, 1743; Mercalli, 1883; 
Baratta, 1901; Postpischl, 1985; CPTI, 2011: from now 
CPTI11), in 1643 another event hit the town of Troina 
(Nebrodi Mountains), with effects rated at the 6-7 MCS 
degree.  

Here I present new detailed information on this 
earthquake extracted from different contemporary docu-
ments which have remained hidden in the archives dur-
ing the past 350 years. The news contained in these 
manuscripts allow to define the damage extent in Troina 
and in other neighboring villages, contemporary also to 
an unknown eruptive activity of the Etna Volcano. 

 
2. THE 1643 SEISMIC SEQUENCE 

 
As aforementioned, this earthquake is reported by 

Baratta (1901) to be occurred in Troina on July 17 when, 
due to a violent shock, all the inhabitants left their 
houses, and part of the mother-church and the monas-
tery of Saint Elias of Ambola (Ambula, Ambolà, Ebulo/i) 
collapsed. The only source of Baratta (1901) is Mongi-
tore (1743) who, in turn, deduces the news from Pirri 
(1647). Basing on this information, Barbano et al. (1996) 
assign 6-7 MCS to Troina, as reported today in CPTI11 
(Fig. 2). 

As serendipity is a usual phenomenon in historical 
seismology, while I was looking for information on other 
earthquakes, I have found unknown news of this event 
examining some journalistic Avisos printed in Madrid (in 
Valladares de Sotomayor, 1790). Firstly, the one dated 
October 13, 1643 which reports a vague notice about 
the explosion of the Etna, and of the resulting destruc-
tion caused in Sicily. Then, the following (October 20) 
indicating with much more detail what really happened 
since July 17 in the "Ciudad y Comarca de Traina, la 
mas populosa del Val de Moac" (i.e., Val Demone. Tro-
ina exceeded 5,500 inhabitants in the 17th century; 
Maggiore-Perni, 1892), as in Cherame (Cerami), Nicosia 
and Bronte (Fig. 3). 



 

   

 

 
 

36 

 
 

Galli P. 

 

Fig. 1  -  Distribution of the macroseismic epicenters of 4.9≤Mw≤7.3 earthquakes listed in the CPTI11 (N.B., the 1908 epicenter is an instru-
mental estimate proposed by Michelini et al., 2004). Note that the strongest events are all clustered in eastern Sicily, between the Hyblean 
Plateau and the Messina Strait. In turn, Madonie and Nebrodi mountains have only scattered Mw≤5.5 earthquakes. Dashed rectangle, area 
of Fig. 9. 

Fig. 2  -  Family tree of sources for the 1643 earthquake. Rectange, printed studies; rounded rectangle, manuscripts; yellow indicates the 
unknown sources discussed in this paper. Note that the only real source of CPTI11 is Pirri (1647).  



 

   

 

 
 

37 

 
 
The little-known earthquake of 1643 in Sicily  

Clearly, these Avisos were based on a more de-
tailed report that I have finally found in the Biblioteca 
National de España (Madrid). This is a eight page-long 
manuscript - included in a volume of Papeles varios - 
which contains the report of Silvestro Randelli on the 
earthquakes en la ciudad de Trayna and on the effects 
caused there and in the surrounding region (Fig. 4). 
Randelli (Sylvestro Randeli in the manuscript) was the 
fiscal Prosecutor of the Tribunal of the Great Court, and 
was also a notary in Troina, a title which implies that he 
was an expert of all the places, of the real estate and of 

their condition. His report was printed later in Madrid by 
Diego Diaz (Relacion de los terremotos....por el Dotor 
Silvestre Randole), although with some differences with 
respect to the original manuscript (Fig. 5; Randelli, 
1643b).  

According to Randelli (1643a), the seismic se-
quence started in August 1642, with two strong shocks 
in the night of 21 (around 0:30 a.m., local time) and 22 
(around 2:45 a.m.). These events scared all the inhabi-
tants of Troina that sought refuge in the countryside, 
where they observed several sulphur-smell fissures 

Fig. 3  -  Copy of the first page of the Avisos printed in Madrid with the first news on the 1643 earthquake in Sicily (from Valladares de 
Sotomayor, 1790)  



 

   

 

Fig. 4 - First page of the report by Silvestro Randelli on the effects of the 1643 earthquakes in Troina, Cerami, Bronte, Nicosia and on the 
contemporary Etna eruption (Manuscript 11209 of the Biblioteca Nacional de España). At the top of the page it can be read: Relacion de 
los terremotos que han sucedido en la ciudad de Trayna este año de 1643 y los efectos que an causado en las circumbecinas en la forma 
siguiente, embiada por el Doctor Sylvestro Randeli Procurador fiscal de la  G[ran] C[orte]  

opening in the ground surface. Damage to buildings was 
generally light, except in the mother-church, where a 
deep crack opened in the wall. Earthquakes were felt 
again in June 21 of the next year, and then again in July 
12 and 15, especially in Bronte. 

The 1643 mainshock occurred at 1:20 a.m. of July 
18 (the 5th hour of the night of Friday 17; i.e., five hours 
after the sunset, accordingly to Italian time), lasting for 
the time of an Ave Maria (around 10''), and then replying 
suddenly for a much longer time (i.e., a Miserere, more 

than 1'). In Troina, the people escaped from the houses 
without clothes, screaming and invoking God and all the 
Saints. The earthquake damaged all the buildings, some 
more and other less, whereas five houses collapsed, 
causing two casualties and injuring several persons. 
Also part of the nave of the mother-church fell down (it 
collapsed entirely on Sunday, due to an aftershock), as 
the church of Saint Sylvester and the Monastery of Saint 
Elias of Ambulà (located far away from the town), as 
reported also in another manuscript composed by An-

 
 

38 

 
 

Galli P. 



 

   

 

tonino da Troina (1710), a friar born and lived in Troina 
(see also Pirri, 1647).  

In Cerami the effects were much stronger, as the 
castle was destroyed, and the churches in the highest 
part of the village collapsed (likely the mother-church 
and Saint Sebastian). Also 150 houses were destroyed, 
plus other 50 in the countryside, causing one casualty 
and 30 injured. A huge rocky mass, which Randelli 
(1643a) describes big as the Palermo cathedral (i.e., 
~80,000 m3), detached from the sandstone cliff over 
which Cerami is founded, destroying everything down-

hill, including trees and vineyards. The landslide left 
some houses in very unsafe equilibrium, i.e., some 
downthrown from their original position, other rotated. 

In Bronte all buildings were damaged, three person 
died and three were injured under the collapse of their 
house. Churches also were severely hit, with restora-
tions made in the same year (e.g. in Fig. 6). 

In Nicosia the earthquake was less violent, causing 
only the partial collapse of the Chapel of the Blessed 
Sacrament in the mother-church, together with the fall of 
several statues inside (see Fig. 7 to see all the localities 

Fig. 5 - Copy of the first page of the Relacion of Silvestro Randelli (1643b; here Silvestre Randole) printed in Madrid by Diego Diaz. The 
printed version slightly differs from the manuscript. 

 
 

39 

 
 
The little-known earthquake of 1643 in Sicily  



 

   

 

that were struck by the earthquake in a 17th century 
map). 

Randelli (1643a) highlights also that from July 18 
to 28, the mainshock was accompanied by a noticeable 
activity of Mount Etna, that incessantly generated roars 
resembling heavy artillery shells. During the seismic 
sequence, Etna erupted from a mouth which opened in 
front of the major one. Huge ground deformation phe-
nomena were also observed on the volcano slopes, as 
the progressive lowering of a hill with 3-miles of perime-
ter. A secondary mouth opened  also in the territory of 
Bronte, where it happened that all the streams feeding 
the numerous mills at the Etna's foothill dried up. Ac-
cording to Randelli (1643a), this "es señal de no haver 
cessado la causa de el temblor de la tierra" (i.e., this 
fact is a clear signal that the cause of the earthquakes 
are not yet ceased). It is worth noting that this activity of 
the volcano, that had remained silent since the long 
eruption in 1634-1638 (e.g. in Guidoboni et al., 2014), is 
completely unknown to the historical/scientific literature. 

The aftershocks sequence was still ongoing in 
August, when at dawn of 12 a strong earthquake struck 

 

Fig. 6 - Inscription over the architrave of San Vito church in Bronte, attesting the restoration made in 1643 by Matteo and Michele di Pal-
ermo, under the priorate of Antonio da Bronte. Although the earthquake is not explicitly recalled here (as elsewhere in any other epigraph in 
the region), it is likely that the restoration work concerned also the earthquake damage.   

again the region. 
Curiously, at the end of the Randelli's manuscript, 

the author notes several women with miscarriages, and 
animal freaks being born in the aftermath (e.g., a calf 
with four eyes, a chicken with four wings, four feet and 
two tails). 

 
3. DISCUSSION 
 
3.1. Earthquake parameters 

On the basis of the description provided by Ran-
delli (1643a), it is likely that the most severe effects 
were felt in the village of Cerami where, alongside the 
ruin of the castle and of some churches, 200 houses 
were destroyed or, at least, strongly damaged, 
whereas all were severely hit. Here, the strong seismic 
shaking is also suggested by the huge rock fall that 
affected the upper part of the town, the signs of which 
can still be imaged today by observing its suggestive 
skyline (Fig. 8). 

This allow to assign at least 8-9 MCS degree in 
Cerami, something more than in Troina (8 MCS) where 

Fig. 7 - Clip from a map of Funk and Homann (ca. 1700; base-topography redraw from G. Mercator, 1512-1594) with the localities hit by the 
January 1693 earthquakes (asterisks indicate loca terremotu destructa; i.e., places destroyed by the earthquake). In turn, yellow lines evi-
dence the localities struck by the 1643 event: Troina (Traina in the map), Bronte (Bronti), Cerami (Cirami), Nicosia, and the Monastery of 
Saint Elias of Ambulà (Eubuli). Aetna Mons Mongibello is, obviously, Mount Etna.  

 
 

40 

 
 

Galli P. 



 

   

 

all the buildings were damaged too, 
and few collapsed (Fig. 9). Also in 
Bronte all buildings were damaged, 
whereas some collapsed; however, 
here the information does not allow to 
give a certain site intensity degree, and 
thus I suggest 7-8 MCS. In Nicosia, 
where Randelli (1643a) indicates heavy 
damage only in the mother-church, 
intensity could be estimated around 6-7 
MCS. At the end, there is another local-
ity 8 km north of Troina (Figs. 7, 9), the 
disruption of which is maintained by 
Randelli (1643a), Antonino da Troina 
(1710), and Pirri (1647). This is the 
Monastery of Saint Elias of Ambolà 
(the ruins of which lay today in the mu-
nicipality land of Cesarò), that can be 
classified as "high damage" (HD; see 
Tab.1). 

In the whole, casualties were at 
least 6, in addition to several dozens of 
injured, mostly in Cerami. Although few 
intensity datapoints can only provide a 
rough idea of the earthquake epicentral 
parameters, by using the algorithm 
BOXER4 (Gasperini et al., 2010) the 
epicentral intensity (Io) is 8 MCS, the 
magnitude from Io is Mw 5.57, and the 
epicenter is at coordinate N37°.79 - 
E14°.65 (see Tab. 2), that is a point 
very close to Troina where many 
ground fissures were observed by the 
inhabitants since the early foreshock in 
1642. BOXER4 allows also to estimate 
the indicative length of the seismogenic 
faults, which in this case is 7 km, strik-
ing roughly E-W (N93°). 

Certainly, the earthquake affected 
much more localities of the region, and 
it was likely felt in all the villages along 
the Tyrrhenian coast to the north, and 
in the Catania coast to the east. How-
ever, considering the deep destructions 
caused by the 1693 earthquakes, it is 
possible that the few documents attest-
ing the far-field effects of the 1643 
have been lost. Indeed, it is not by 
chance that the only reports that sur-
vived to this day are in Madrid, and 
concern only the most damaged area. 

 
3.2. Relationships with the regional 
seismicity 

Considering the regional historical seismicity (Fig. 
1), the 1643 can be considered the strongest event oc-
curred in this area. In some villages, the 1643 effects 
were similar or even higher than in January 1693, the 
catastrophic earthquakes that razed to the ground 
dozen of towns in eastern Sicily, with damage from 
Malta to Palermo. For instance, in Troina, the houses 
and churches "fracassate e dirupate" (damaged and 
ruined; Relationes, 1693) by the 1693 event were 297 

(vs a total of ~1000 buildings), indicating a site intensity 
close to the one assigned for the 1643 mainshock (i.e., 8 
MCS degree). 

On October 31, 1967 an event with Mb 4.9 
(Margottini et al., 1993; ≈ Mw 5.0) hit a conterminous 
sector of the Nebrodi area, damaging also Cerami, Nico-
sia and, above all, old and crumbling buildings in several 
villages and countryside toward the Tyrrhenian coast. 
Although this event is rated with an Io 8 MCS, it did not 
caused any casualties or injuries, whereas the informa-

Fig. 8 - View looking east of the huge, massive sandstones toppling which affects the 
Cerami slopes, likely recalling the 1643 rock fall.  

 

Fig. 9 - Orange circles, 1643 intensity datapoints distribution (dimension proportional to 
site intensity 6-7 to 8-9 MCS; HD, high damage. See Tab. 1 for analytics). Yellow star, 
epicenter estimated with BOXER4 algorithm. Dashed ellipse suggests the mesoseismic 
area. Red star is the instrumental epicenter of the 1967, Mw 5.0 earthquake. Black stars 
are the instrumental epicenters of the 2009 and 2013, Mw 4.4 events (focal mechanism 
from INGV-RCMT website page: http://www.bo.ingv.it/RCMT/).  

 
 

41 

 
 
The little-known earthquake of 1643 in Sicily  



 

   

 

tion deducible from the newspapers of the time ac-
counts for a likely lower degree (7 MCS). 

In turn, two smaller events (Mw 4.4) had their epi-
centers within the 1643 mesoseismic area in 2009, and 
2013. Both did not produced damage (Io≤ 5-6; Azzaro et 
al., 2014), and both were generated by crustal, E-W 
trending normal fault (see "beach balls" in Fig. 9), likely 
dipping southward. From a kinematic point of view, 
these focal mechanisms fit the prevailing ~N-S exten-
sion characterizing the Madonie and Nebrodi Moun-
tains, as evidenced by the GPS velocity analyses in 
Palano et al. (2012) and by the geological indication 
collected by Pavano et al. (2015) toward the contermi-
nous western Peloritani Mountain. Therefore, taking into 
account that the 1643 mesoseismic area is strongly 
elongated from Bronte to the east toward Nicosia to the 
west (yellow ellipse in Fig. 9), it is likely that the 1643 
seismogenic structure is part of this E-W trending nor-
mal fault system. 

 
3.3. Relationships between the seismic sequence 
and the Etna eruption 

The volcanic triggering and interaction with the 
surrounding tectonics (e.g. in Eggert and Walter, 2009) 
is an endless issue studied by hundreds scholars since 
Darwin (1840). In the Etna region, the volcanic activity 
seems to be correlated to regional tectonic earthquakes 
(Sharp et al., 1981; Feuillet et al., 2006), as seismicity 
increases before the onset of flank and/or summit activ-
ity, being thus considered as a possible precursor to 
volcanic activity. 

In 1643, beyond the continuous Etna roars resem-
bling heavy artillery shells, and the huge ground defor-
mations, the eruption took place from a mouth opened 
below the main crater and from another on the western 
flanks, toward Bronte. What I notice here is that while 
Randelli (1643a) reports the onset of the seismic se-

quence since August 1642 - with the two ~Mw 4.7 
events in the nights of 21 and 22, followed by other 
strong foreshocks on June 21, 1643, and July 12 and 15 
- the eruption is instead recalled on July 18, that is im-
mediately after the mainshock of the same night. There-
fore, it is likely that the foreshocks sequence and the 
mainshock itself predated the eruption which, subse-
quently, lasted until July 28, ending then prior to the 
aftershocks swarm that was still ongoing in mid August. 

 
4. CONCLUDING REMARKS 
  

The manuscripts perused at the National Library of 
Spain (Randelli, 1643a), together with another manu-
script written by a friar of Tronia (Antonino da Troina, 
1710), in addition to other documents (Pirri, 1647; Avi-
sos in: Valladares de Sotomayor, 1790), have allowed to 
provide robust parameter to the previously little-known 
July 18, 1643 earthquake. This was the mainshock (Io 8 
MCS, Mw 5.6) of a sequence started in August 1642 (21
-22 August; Io 6 MCS, Mw 4.72), which was also accom-
panied by a noticeable Etna activity. The news concern 
five localities roughly aligned in a E-W direction, the 
same trend of the normal faults that recently sourced a 
couple of Mw 4.4 earthquakes. The event caused heavy 
damage and collapses in Cerami, Troina and Bronte, 
where at least 6 persons died under the ruins and doz-
ens were injured. 

It is worth remembering that alongside historical 
high magnitude earthquakes (Mw>6.5) that occurred 
before the 14th-13th century (e.g., Galli and Peronace, 
2014; 2015; Galli et al., 2015; 2016), our seismic cata-
logues missed or listed as lesser events several moder-
ate earthquakes also during the late Middle Age and the 
early modern period (Castelli, 2003; Castelli and Cam-
assi, 2005), especially in the former Kingdom of the two 
Sicilies (e.g. in: Albini and Rodriguez de la Torre, 1993; 

Locality Latitude Longitude Intensity 

Cerami 37.810 14.509 8-9 

Troina 37.783 14.599 8 

Bronte 37.786 14.834 7-8 

Nicosia 37.747 14.398 6-7 

Sant'Elia di Ambolà 37.847 14.612 HD 

Tab. 1 - MCS macroseismic intensities estimated for the 1643 earthquake (see Fig. 9). 

Catalogue Date Lat N Long E Mm/Mw Io Np Area 

POS85 1643 07 17 37.67 14.67 4.7 7.0 0 M. SALICI 

CPTI11 1643 07 17 37.783 14.599 4.93 6.5 1 TROINA 

USSN 1642 08 21 37.79 14.65 4.72 6.0 1 TROINA 

USSN 1642 08 22 37.79 14.65 4.72 6.0 1 TROINA 

USSN 1643 07 18 37.79 14.65 5.57 8.0 4 TROINA 

Tab. 2 - Epicentral parameters of the 1642-1643 earthquakes. Comparison among the records in Postpischl (1985; POS85), CPTI11 and 
this paper (USSN).  

 
 

42 

 
 

Galli P. 



 

   

 

CPTI (1999) - Working Group Catalogo Parametrico dei 
Terremoti Italiani, INGV, GNDT, SGS, SSN, Bolo-
gna, 1999, 92 pp. 

CPTI (2011) - The 2011 version of the Parametric Cata-
logue of Italian Earthquakes, Rovida A., Camassi 
R., Gasperini P., Stucchi M. (eds.). Istituto Nazion-
ale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Milano, Bologna. 
DOI: http://doi.org/10.6092/INGV.IT-CPTI11 

Darwin C. (1840) - On the Connection of certain volcanic 
phenomena in South America; and on the forma-
tion of mountain chains and volcanoes, as the ef-
fect of the same power by which continents are 
elevated. Transactions of the Geological Society of 
London, 2, 601-632. 

Eggert S., Walter T.R. (2009) - Volcanic activity before 
and after large tectonic earthquakes: Observations 
and statistical significance, Tectonophysics, 471, 
14-26. 

Feuillet N., Cocco M., Musumeci C., Nostro C. (2006) - 
Stress interaction between seismic and volcanic 
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tional 164, 697-718. 

Funk D., Homann J. B. (ca. 1700) - Infelicis Regni Si-
ciliae Tabula in tres Valles divisa Demonae, Notae 
et Mazarae, Norimberg. 

Galli P., Peronace E. (2014) - New paleoseismic data 
from the Irpinia Fault. A different seismogenic per-
spective for southern Apennines (Italy), Earth-
Science Reviews, 136, 175-201. 

Galli P., Peronace E. (2015) - Low slip rates and multi-
millennial return times for Mw 7 earthquake faults 
in southern Calabria (Italy), Geophysical Research 
Letters, 13, 5258-5265. 

Galli P., Giaccio B., Peronace E., Messina P. (2015) - 
Holocene Paleoearthquakes and Early-Late Pleis-
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Apeninnes, Italy), BSSA, 105(1), 1-13. 

Galli P., Giaccio B., Messina P., Peronace E. (2016) - 
Three magnitude 7 earthquakes on a single fault in 
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Galli P., Scionti V. (2006) - Two unknown M>6 historical 
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archival researches in eastern Calabria (southern 
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44-49. 

Gasperini P., Vannucci G., Tripone D., Boschi E. (2010) 
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distance, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 100, 2035-2066. 

Guidoboni E., Ciuccarelli C., Mariotti D., Comastri A., 
Bianchi M.G. (2014) - L'Etna nella storia. Catalogo 
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Maggiore-Perni F. (1892) - La popolazione di Sicilia e di 
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Castelli et al., 2008; Galli and Scionti, 2006; Scionti et 
al., 2006). As the Italian hazard maps are currently 
based on the historical seismic catalogue (CPTI2, i.e., 
an updated version of CPTI, 1999), these deficiencies 
imply a misleading computation of the seismic hazard, 
and thus of the associated risk. This is the case of the 
Nebrodi area, where the previously unknown 1643 event 
is either the strongest one ever occurred in this region 
(Mw 5.6) and the one which induced the highest intensi-
ties in many villages therein (up to 8-9 MCS). 

 
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS  

I am grateful to B. Arona who kindly provided me 
the news reported in the manuscript of friar Antonino da 
Troina, together with the Relationes concerning the ef-
fects of the 1693 earthquake in Troina, and the informa-
tion about Silvestro Randelli. V. Scionti helped me in 
reading and translating the Randelli's manuscript. Two 
anonymous reviewers provided me useful advices. The 
views and conclusion contained in this paper are those 
of the author and should not be interpreted as necessar-
ily representing the official policies, either expressed or 
implied, of the Italian Government. 

 
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43 

 
 
The little-known earthquake of 1643 in Sicily  



 

   

 

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que comprehende varias obras ineditas, criticas, 
morales, instructivas, politicas, historicas, satiricas, 
y jocosas de nuestro mejores autores antiguo y 
modernos. Tomo XXXIII, Antonio Espinosa, Ma-
drid. 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 

Ms. received: March 30, 2016 
Final text received: May 06, 2016 

 
 

44 

 
 

Galli P. 
















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    /NLD (Gebruik deze instellingen om Adobe PDF-documenten te maken die zijn geoptimaliseerd voor prepress-afdrukken van hoge kwaliteit. De gemaakte PDF-documenten kunnen worden geopend met Acrobat en Adobe Reader 5.0 en hoger.)
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    /ENU (Use these settings to create Adobe PDF documents best suited for high-quality prepress printing.  Created PDF documents can be opened with Acrobat and Adobe Reader 5.0 and later.)
  >>
  /Namespace [
    (Adobe)
    (Common)
    (1.0)
  ]
  /OtherNamespaces [
    <<
      /AsReaderSpreads false
      /CropImagesToFrames true
      /ErrorControl /WarnAndContinue
      /FlattenerIgnoreSpreadOverrides false
      /IncludeGuidesGrids false
      /IncludeNonPrinting false
      /IncludeSlug false
      /Namespace [
        (Adobe)
        (InDesign)
        (4.0)
      ]
      /OmitPlacedBitmaps false
      /OmitPlacedEPS false
      /OmitPlacedPDF false
      /SimulateOverprint /Legacy
    >>
    <<
      /AddBleedMarks false
      /AddColorBars false
      /AddCropMarks false
      /AddPageInfo false
      /AddRegMarks false
      /ConvertColors /ConvertToCMYK
      /DestinationProfileName ()
      /DestinationProfileSelector /DocumentCMYK
      /Downsample16BitImages true
      /FlattenerPreset <<
        /PresetSelector /MediumResolution
      >>
      /FormElements false
      /GenerateStructure false
      /IncludeBookmarks false
      /IncludeHyperlinks false
      /IncludeInteractive false
      /IncludeLayers false
      /IncludeProfiles false
      /MultimediaHandling /UseObjectSettings
      /Namespace [
        (Adobe)
        (CreativeSuite)
        (2.0)
      ]
      /PDFXOutputIntentProfileSelector /DocumentCMYK
      /PreserveEditing true
      /UntaggedCMYKHandling /LeaveUntagged
      /UntaggedRGBHandling /UseDocumentProfile
      /UseDocumentBleed false
    >>
  ]
>> setdistillerparams
<<
  /HWResolution [2400 2400]
  /PageSize [612.000 792.000]
>> setpagedevice