ar: A Pathfinder

This is a computer-generated pathfinder created against the Distant Reader study called ar.

Each Distant Reader study carrel is composed of many individual items. Each item is bibliographically described with author, title, date, summary, and keyword values. Below is a list of the items' most signficant keywords as well as lists of the items themselves. Purpusing the content of this pathfinder provides the student, researcher, or scholar with one way to get their heads around the scope of the carrel. The keywords include:

Labour; State; Workers; Work; Class; Public; Social; Government; Canadian; Power; People; Women; World; Economy; Society; Capitalism; Production; Education; Time; Union; Politics; Book; Crisis; Toronto; Neoliberalism; Community; Life; City; Students; Process; Routes; Analysis; Change; Rights; Marx; Industry; Right; Left; Party; Knowledge; Media; Climate; Labor; Welfare; Identity; Use; Health; Democracy; Revolution; Studies; Poverty; Movements; Law; Nations; Family; Braverman; Indian; Brazil; Foster; Profit; Form; U.s; Bill; Engler; Dans; Ethnicity; Place; Immigrants; Migration; Rules; Anderson; Bolivia; Disabilities; Genocide; Anthology; Ali; Big; Bengali; Activities; Challenges; Frame

Depending on how this pathfinder was created, many of the bibliographic sections will include elaborations on the meaning(s) of the given keywords. These elaborations were generated by feeding the items' summaries to a large langauge model and asking the model to address the question, "What is X?", where "X" is the keyword. The result will be a few sentences of elaboration. Be forewarned. The elaborations are often plausible, but they should not be take as truth. Instead, they should be taken as points for consideration.

• Janus-Faced Austerity: Strengthening the by Fanelli, Carlo; Hurl, Chris (2010) - Wait another ten years and the estimated cost to rectify this dilemma rises from $20 billion to $30 billion as nearly 40 percent of federal service workers are expected to retire in the next five years. It is argued that while social services and spending are restricted for certain seg- ments of the Canadian working class, new arrangements and spend- ing initiatives are rolled out by the federal government in order to fuel enhanced capital accumulation. Keywords: austerity; canada; canadian; capital; class; conservatives; crisis; government; harper; labour; market; neoliberalism; new; percent; policies; public; sector; services; spending; state; tax; working
• Cutting Government Deficits: Economic Science or Class War? by Radice, Hugo (2010) - Although the turn of the millennium was accompanied by further outbreaks of financial crisis—for instance, the ‘dot.com’ stock-market bust and Argentina in 2001—a new wave of global economic growth accompanied by low inflation appeared to justify the self-satisfied claim that ‘the ‘Great Moderation’ had arrived (Bernanke, 2004). The triumph of neoliberalism – and globalization While the Third World was devastated by the debt crisis of the 1980s (Hag- gard & Kaufman, 1992), the UK and US financial sectors pressed forward with deregulation at home and expansion abroad, laying the basis for their joint domi- nation of global financial markets. Keywords: britain; capital; class; crisis; deficits; economic; global; government; labour; markets; neoliberalism; public; state; trade; world
• The Ottawa and Gatineau Museum Workers by Fanelli, Carlo; Lefebvre, Priscillia (2011) - Considering the brashness of Prime Minister Harper’s newfound Conservative majority, and the coor- dinated responses of the capitalist class, it is conceivable that the worst for Federal public service workers (and the users of those services) is yet to come. Like Canada Post workers, on June 14, 2011, 3,800 call-centre staff and check-in workers unionized with the Canadian Automobile Workers (CAW) at Air Canada took job action against employer efforts to reduce 5  The impending commentary on the 2011 Air Canada strike and Canada Post lockout were written just as the strikes were coming to an end and are therefore cursory at best. Keywords: canada; canadian; class; cmcc; eds; employment; labour; market; museum; museum workers; new; ottawa; press; psac; public; sector; strike; time; toronto; union; workers; working
• Economic Democracy: The Working Class Alternative to Capitalism by Hurl, Chris (2012) - 296 | Uniting Struggles: Critical Social Research in Critical Times Book Review Economic democracy: the working Class Alternative to Capitalism, by Allan Engler, Halifax: Fernwood Publishing, 2010. As a long-time activist in the labour movement, heading up Local 400 of the International Longshore and Warehouse Union (ILWU) and contributing to a strong left current in the Vancouver and District Labour Council (VDLC), Engler approaches the problems of modern capitalism as an organic intellectual. Keywords: engler; labour; people
• Canada by Sanger, Toby (2012) - While neoliberal economic policies are being increasingly questioned and abandoned by economists, politicians – including Canada’s Con- servative federal government – continue to implement them for purely political and ideological reasons: to further concentrate economic and political power among the owners of capital and to weaken the power of labour. With the bankruptcy of neoliberal economic policies, it is difficult to reach any other conclusion except that the Conservative govern- ment is continuing to aggressively implement neoliberal policies for political reasons: to expand the power of capital and to weaken the power of labour in a continued class war. Keywords: canada; canadian; capital; class; conservative; federal; government; income; labour; measures; percent; policies; sector; share; wages; workers
• When Resistance Isn by Harden, Joel (2012) - A Globe and Mail series begin- ning today shows that the crisis in Canadian pensions is not looming; it is here, and has been for some time. Security, adequacy, and fairness: labour’s proposals for the future of Canadian pensions. Keywords: activists; campaign; canada; canadian; clc; cpp; employer; finance; government; industry; labour; new; pension; plans; reform; resistance; retirement; security; union; workers
• What is Trade Union Bureaucracy? A Theoretical Account by Camfield, David (2012) - So far this alternative account of union bureaucracy has said almost nothing about union officials. These examples, which are simply meant to give a sense of some of the ways that bureau- cracy can be manifested within union organizations, suggest just how much is missed when a theory of union bureaucracy focuses solely or mainly on union full-time officers and staff. Keywords: activity; bureaucracy; canadian; labour; members; officialdom; officials; power; rules; separation; social; time; trade; union; union bureaucracy; workers
• Beyond the Economic Crisis: This Crisis in Trade Unionism by Gindin, Sam (2012) - This is not easy; it requires a transformation of everything about public sector unions. Today, capital is trying to consolidate and complete that defeat by going after the public sector and ensuring that it does not inspire any positive examples for private sector workers. Keywords: canadian; class; crisis; labour; public; sector; union; workers
• From Great Recession to Great Deception: Reimagining the Roots of the Crisis by Fanelli, Carlo; Evans, Bryan (2012) - Federal, provincial and local governments across the country, regardless of political stripes, are turning to a range of austerity measures that will erode public services and the quality of public sector employment. These efforts have been in combination with unprecedented amounts of personal affluence among certain groups in the midst of public sector austerity. . Keywords: austerity; canada; crisis; evans; exceptionalism; fanelli; labour; myth; proof; public; recession; sector; services
• The Electro-Motive Lockout and Non-Occupation: What Did We Lose? What Can We Learn? by Rosenfeld, Herman (2012) - Also in August of 2012, the merger talks between the Canadian Auto Workers and the Communications, Energy and Paperworkers of Canada culminated in a proposal for new union. Austerity budgets at all levels of government and political attacks have continued to target public sector unions. Keywords: auto; canadian; caterpillar; caw; electro; labour; local; lockout; motive; movement; new; union; workers; working
• Class Analysis and Technological Determinism by Campbell, Ken (2013) - Rather, it assumes that technological and scientific progress exert a determining influence over social institutions, that technological development determines the division of labour, and that social development can best be understood in terms of technological advance. More concretely, it assumes that the modern organization of work — the division of labour within industry, the existence of various levels of skilled labour and th •The argument of this paper has been compressed from a much more lengthy review of the Marxist and Weberian concept of class and the division of labour. Keywords: class; differences; division; labour; production
• Implications of the Domestic Role of Women by Saunders, Eileen (2013) - Domestic labour becomes the forum for the satisfaction of these needs in that it has personal value which cannot be reproduced by socialized domestic labour. On the one hand, domestic labour is necessary labour because the commodities of capital require 1W additional labour (i.e., housework) before consumption. Keywords: capital; family; labour; value; wage; women
• Doanld Swartz: Braverman and Beyond by Swartz, Doanld (2013) - Then, adding that the impetus to technological change can also come from class struggle (i.e: successful wage claims which render labour saving machinery profitable), suggests that Taylorism, by intensifying class struggles, spurred the technical- scientific revolution which led to monopoly capitalism. Now, it is important not to deny the control that workers exercise both over the method of performing their tasks and the pace at which it is performed, but to see Taylorism only as the specification of task performance as Burawoy does, is to misconceive, I think, what Taylorism and scientific management were all about. Keywords: braverman; burawoy; labour; management; taylorism
• Trade Unions and the State: An Interpretive Essay on the Development of Class and State Relations in Canada, 1889-1947 by Glenday, Daneil; Shrenk, Christopher (2013) - Trade Unions and the State: An Interpretative Essay on the Historical Development of Class and State Relations in Canada, 1889 - 1947 Daniel Glenday and Christopher Schrenk INTRODUCTION This essay investigates the interaction between the Canadian state and trade unions during the first half of this century primarily in terms of the political incorporation of trade unions in Canada. Trade unions enter the picture as reducing the class nature of the conflict by focusing almost exclusively on economistic or instru- mental demands. Keywords: canada; canadian; capitalism; class; conflict; government; labour; relations; state; trade; trade unions; unions; working
• Claus Offe and the Capitalist State by Hass, Gordon (2013) - However, the only answer that Offe provides rests upon the assumption of functional necessity and thus the analysis of system relations becomes teleological. Returning now to Offe's argument regarding system relations, we see that he cannot proceed from an analysis of production as his approach to the economic system expunges production and replaces it with a flawed analysis of the commodity, an analysis which is then incorporated into the functional logic of system relations. Keywords: commodity; economic; exchange; labour; offe; principle; state; system
• Aspects of the Crisis in Petit Commodity Production in the Okanagan Valley by Christensen, Erling (2013) - In the current issue, two contributions deal with independent commodity production. Consequently, much debate has developed in recent years over the concept of petit commodity production and its role in Canadian agriculture. Keywords: agriculture; capital; capitalist; commodity; commodity production; farm; fruit; industry; labour; land; okanagan; petit; producers; production; routes; valley
• Accountable to Whom? Trends in Management-Labour Relations in Local Government by Edelson, Miriam (2013) - British Columbia is the only province where public sector employers may form accredited organizations. The letter ended with a reaffirmation of the Minister's support 117 of Council's mandate to enable public sector employers ... to attain fair and equitable levels of compensation relative ^to the private sector and to each other (Wolf e , 1978) . Keywords: accreditation; bargaining; british; columbia; council; employers; government; gvrd; labour; pay; public; relations; sector; services; state; union; workers
• Community Colleges and the Division Between Mental and Manual Labour by Robinson, David (2013) - The work of Nicos Poulantzas on the contribution of the educational apparatus to the reproduction of the division of mental and manual labour will be utilized since it is particularly helpful in understanding the relationship between community college education and the capitalist workplace. Their insinuation is that capital's interests have been represented in the development of policy on community college education. Keywords: capitalist; college; community; community college; division; education; education system; graduates; knowledge; labour; labour process; school; students; system; training; university; work
• Beyond Numbers: Problems with Quantitative Data by Armstrong, Pat; Armstrong, Hugh (2013) - Since many women are employed in smaller workplaces, this information may not only count some women inaccurately but also exclude entirely many of those in the lowest paid jobs. - II - 3. What this evidence suggests is that, if a question on sexual harassment were asked of all employed women, there would probably be an overwhelmingly negative response because of the way women perceive and respond to advances and because many women are segregated into jobs where there are few men to do the harassing. Keywords: canada; census; data; example; force; information; job; labour; qualitative; questions; research; sociology; statistics; statistics canada; survey; techniques; time; university; women; work
• Socialist Feminist Theory: The Issue of Revolution by Saunders, Eileen (2013) - While historical conditions obviously differed, the real patterns for fluctuating state policies on women in socialism stem from the first decade of Chinese development. The explanation of the socialist state apparatus cannot be found, though, by merely equating the state's role in capitalist and socialist states as some convergence theorists would seek to do. Keywords: china; labour; marriage; party; period; policies; process; revolution; role; socialism; state; women
• The Development of Capitalism and the Subjugation of Native Women in Northern Canada by Bourgeault, Ron (2013) - The social structure that emerged, the restructured nature of relationships between Indian women and men, the form of colonialism that developed and the nature and form of the state that emerged within the fur trade, all were dependent upon the mode of extraction of the surplus labour (Marx, 1977b: 791; Marx, 1977a:209). Its intent is to reflect upon the way in which Indian women were in fact conquered and drawn into a class society and how male domination assumed a form that did not exist before the penetration of capitalism. Keywords: capital; class; colonial; european; family; fur; indian; labour; native; production; society; trade; women
• Immigration Policies and the Creation of an Ethnically Segmented Working Class in British Columbia, 1880-1923 by Creese, Gillian (2013) - White working class practices directed against Asian workers did not, however, represent a lack of class consciousness. In the mining industries, Chinese labourers earned between SI and SI. 50 per day, unskilled white labour earned between $2.50 and $3.00, while white miners earned between S3 and $5 per day (72-96). Keywords: british; british columbia; canada; canadian; capitalist; chinese; class; columbia; commission; immigration; japanese; labour; market; policies; province; relations; royal; university; white; workers; working; working class
• 'Stark Remnants of Blackpast': Thinking on Gender, Ethnicity and Class in 1780s Nova Scotia by Mannette, J.A. (2013) - There is also some evidence that Black women were promised lower wages for domestic service than were Black men. Further, she explicitly acknowledges the deficit in women's history' of theorising about and analyses of Black women (2A). Keywords: black; class; community; ethnicity; gender; gender relations; labour; land; nova; nova scotia; relations; scotia; society; subordination; walker; white; women; work
• Rural Manufacture in Lower Canada: Understanding Seigniorial Privilege and the Transition in the Countryside by Shulze, David (2013) - Characterizing the phenomenon In discussing capitalist production by seigneurs, most authors have been content to deal with Joliette and, occasionally, Joseph Masson. For Mears and McGill, as for Edouard Scallon, a partner of Joliette whose access to Lavaltrie's productive possibilities always required payment to Joliette or his widow, 38 the use of seigneurial privilege was an essential part of their institution of capitalist production. Keywords: canada; capitalist; dans; des; joliette; labour; land; les; lower; manufacture; market; marx; merchant; mills; new; privilege; production; quebec; seigneurial; seigneurs; tenure; toronto; transition; vol
• Peripheralization of the Centre: W(h)ither Canada by Broad, Dave (2013) - Dixon et al^. note three tendencies which are beginning to affect American society: 1) the relocation of industries to the Third World (runaway shops); 2) increasing employment of migrant labour -- meaning low-wage, unskilled, Third World labour -- and the creation of a transnational labour force; and 3) the re-industrialization of the United States. Certainly the present 32 conjuncture presents Canadian labour with the opportunity of coalescing with other popular sectors and small business in opposition to the pe r lphe ral 1 zat ion of the centre. Keywords: canada; canadian; capital; centre; crisis; division; economy; free; government; international; izat; labour; market; new; periphery; process; production; restructuring; state; trade; u.s; unemployment; wage; world
• A Race of Cuckoos: Chinese Migration, Anti-Chinese Legislation and the Canadian Pacific Railway by Faustino-Santos, Ronald (2013) - Those who benefited from the Chinese migrant labour trade were the imperial states which could expropriate Chinese labour for use in the colonies. The military power of the imperialist nations also created an unequal political relationship which meant that the foreign powers were able to regulate the flow of Chinese labour. Keywords: british; canada; canadian; capital; capitalist; china; chinese; class; foreign; labour; race; racism; state; system; trade
• Gramsci, Women and the State by Vasquez Garcia, Veronica (2013) - Obviously, poor women benefited more than other women, although needless to say, women formed more than 60 percent of the poorest Nicaraguans (Idem). Women whose husbands are closely tied to these relations do not represent a problem (repression of sexuality in Gramsci refers only to male sexuality), while women whose husbands are millionaires are luxury mammals and can afford behaving like prostitutes as a way of entertainment. Keywords: change; civil; class; feminist; gramsci; hegemony; intellectuals; interests; labour; new; relations; society; state; women; working
• On the Devaluation of Women's Labour: Hegemonic and Local Ideological Practices by Shreenan, Paul (2013) - In fishing communities, the focus of this paper, women contribute to the family economy through a variety of productive strategies including subsistence production, the informal economy and waged labour (Connelly and MacDonald, 1983:46), yet women's work has consistently been devalued, undervalued or simply ignored by both the scholarly and broader community (Porter, 1987:48). Unfortunately, as the authors are well aware, the material is practically devoid of the presence of women and women's experience except where they are mentioned in a sexist and derogatory way. Keywords: capitalism; equality; example; fisher; fishing; gender; household; labour; practice; production; relations; subordination; women; work
• Myths on the Left: The Narrative and Discursive Practices of the AFL-CIO News by Huot, Francois (2013) - Negotiation with a 'good' capitalist Union wins an agreement Union takes action Negotiation with a 'bad' capitalist Union organizes a strike Legal action lobbying Society benefits from union action Figure 5: The narratives for union action Initiating legal action is one of the preferred tactical avenues used by Amencan trade-unions. On the other hand, the members represented in the photographs of the AFL-CIO News act as good union members, holding signs, protesting or picketing. Keywords: action; afl; american; article; barthes; cio; cio news; contract; employers; labour; leaders; left; members; myths; narrative; ofthe; practices; routes; story; trade; union; volume; workers; world
• Capital Accumulation, Technology Transfer and the Peripheralization of Sharecropping Agriculture in Iran by Abdollahyan, Hamid (2013) - 2 'The majority ofthese studies deal with pre-capitalist agricultural production as a transitional stage in the history of socio-economic progress (described by Vali, 1980:37). Turner ( 1 984) has also studied pre-capitalist agricultural production in Iran. Keywords: agriculture; alternate; capital; capitalist; development; economy; iran; labour; land; mode; new; ofthe; post; process; production; relations; routes; rural
• Biotechnology and the Society-Nature Relation by Fish, Kenneth (2013) - Thus, the production of nature thesis opens the theoretical space for what has heretofore seemed an oxymoron - a political economy of nature. The production of nature thesis, with its emphasis on the process whereby nature comes to be constituted as a social reality would seem ideal for grasping the significance of these technological developments. Keywords: biotechnology; capitalism; form; labour; nature; nature relation; process; production; social; society
• Climate Change: 'The Greatest Challenge of Our Time' by Fanelli, Carlo (2013) - When it comes to the science of anthropogenic climate change, like evolution, the debate is over: It is no longer a matter of debate whether or not human activity is influencing climate change, but the speed and scope of such change and its potential consequences for all life systems. Introduction: Climate Change | 15 Introduction Climate Change: ‘the Greatest Challenge of our time’ Carlo Fanelli1 “Climate change is life or death. Keywords: canada; capitalist; change; class; climate; climate change; emissions; environmental; labour; nature; new; percent; public; report; science; scientists; world
• Gendered Emissions: Counting Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Gender and Why it Matters by Cohen, Marjorie Griffin (2013) - The method I have used for calculating gendered GHG emissions through work is to use the known major contributors to GHG emissions in a variety of different ways. In this review of the literature on climate change justice, five basic principles emerge as a guide to the ethics of climate change policy. Keywords: canada; change; climate; climate change; consumption; emissions; energy; gender; gendered; ghg; ghg emissions; household; issues; justice; labour; policy; women; work
• Overcoming Systemic Barriers to by Calvert, John (2013) - This failure most clearly impacts the conventional training and apprenticeship of construction workers. But it also means there is little opportunity for a large portion of construction workers to acquire the advanced skill sets that are so necessary for implementing low carbon construction. Keywords: apprenticeship; building; canada; carbon; change; climate; construction; construction industry; contractors; economy; employers; energy; government; greening; industry; labour; new; percent; policy; skills; trades; training; unions; workers; workforce
• The Contradictions of Localism: An Interview with Greg Sharzer by Cummings, Jordy (2013) - Structurally speaking, it seems that localism involves some aspect of commodity fetishism, in particular in its co-optation of opposition within capitalist social property relations. Both strategies can naturalize capitalist social relations, separating economics from politics and believing that the latter can be ‘fixed’ without the former – or, as Marx accused Proudhon, taking the good from capitalism and dropping the bad. Keywords: capital; capitalism; change; class; example; labour; localism; need; people; power
• Climate Change and Its Discontents by Fanelli, Carlo; Evans, Bryan (2013) - In this review of the literature on climate change justice, five basic principles emerge as a guide to the ethics of climate change policy. This may well be the case and is an important contribution to the understanding of the complexities of climate change policy. Keywords: ajax; analysis; anti; apprenticeship; approach; book; brazil; brazilian; building; canada; canadian; capital; capitalism; carbon; case; centre; changes; city; class; climate change; climate crisis; climate justice; climate policy; collective; community; construction; construction industry; consumption; context; countries; development; discontents; dystopia; economy; emissions; employment; energy; environmental; example; focus; future; gas; gender; gendered; geography; ghg; global; government; green; greening; growth; health; human; impacts; industry; initiatives; international; issues; jobs; kamloops; labour; land; left; level; local; low; making; management; market; means; mining; mobility; movement; nations; natural; nature; need; new; non; number; ottawa; paper; people; percent; place; point; policies; policy; politics; potential; power; practices; problems; process; production; project; public; relations; report; research; resources; responses; review; right; role; sector; sense; services; social; society; socio; state; support; system; tax; terms; think; time; toronto; trades; training; transit; transportation; understanding; union; united; university; urban; use; warming; way; ways; women; work; workers; working; world; years; york; | climate
• The Tyranny of Work: Employability and the Neoliberal Assault on Education by Noonan, Jeff; Coral, Mireille (2015) - Of all the alienating effects school produces, none is more damaging to the formation of individual and collective agency than the belief that making oneself marketable to potential employers is both a primary duty of social life and a natural necessity. Educators take sides, but not for one party as against another in any narrow and dogmatic way, but against the attempts of ideological schooling to present social life as fixed, its hier- archies natural. Keywords: education; employability; labour; life; neoliberalism; ontario; people; schooling; schools; social; students; system; university; value; work
• The OSSTF Anti-Bill 115 Campaign: An Assessment from a Social Movement Unionism Perspective by Hewitt-White, Caitlin (2015) - This approach collapses the false dichotomy between union members and community members so that a union member’s interest extends beyond her immediate economic interests in good wages and working condi- tions, to include her wider interest in, for instance, affordable housing or quality public healthcare. The fact that OSSTF member survey results from 2009 indicated that members wanted a better partnership with the public The OSSTF Anti-Bill 115 Campaign | 179 and with parents casts a tragic shadow on the missed opportunities of the Bill 115 campaign to engage union members, parents, and students. Keywords: 115; bargaining; bill; campaign; education; government; justice; labour; members; neoliberalism; ontario; osstf; provincial; public; school; social; teachers; toronto; union; unionism; workers
• Precarious Employment in Ontario by Nelson, Mat; Dobson, Lydia (2015) - Palmer critiques Standing for viewing precarious workers as somehow part of a distinctive, “new class force,” within “a hierarchy of differenti- ated class formations,” as part of “a new neoliberal global economy” (Palmer, 2013, 42-43). However, precarious workers such as TA’s primarily operate on two to four year contracts, the majority of which are two years in duration. Keywords: bargaining; carleton; class; cupe; education; employment; labour; national; october; ontario; percent; public; sector; union; university; workers
• A Critique of the Millennial: A Retreat from and Return to Class by Mirrlees, Tanner (2015) - In postmodern management theory and practice, this “new spirit of capitalism”(Boltanski and Chiapello, 2005) gets millennial workers to superintend their own dispossession. Using some or all of the above strategies, corporations keep profits high by paying millennial workers as little wages as they can get away with. Keywords: 2013; capitalist; class; commodities; consumer; corporations; critique; generation; identity; labour; media; millennial; new; people; percent; representations; time; workers; working; working class; york
• Neoliberalism and the Degradation of Education by Fanelli, Carlo; Evans, Bryan (2015) - The effect of this is the alignment of social work and social work education with a neoliberal regime whose goal is to squeeze critical practice and educational projects out of social work, and shape social workers and educators to become neoliberal subjects. In social work, these debates have, for the most part, been characterized by discussions over whether social work education should teach clinical and competency skills or theory and critical thinking skills (Burke, 1996; Moffatt, 2001). Keywords: 115; 2013; academic; adult education; american; analysis; anti; approach; bargaining; bill; book; business; canada; canadian; capitalism; case; change; city; class; classroom; collective; community; conditions; context; corporations; course; crisis; cupe; cuts; degradation; democracy; democratic; development; economic; economy; education; education education; education funding; education policy; education reform; education sector; education studies; education system; employment; example; experience; fact; faculty; free; freedom; funding; global; good; government; high; history; human; income; industry; institutions; interests; issues; jobs; journal; justice; key; knowledge; labour; learning; left; level; life; local; low; making; management; market; means; media; medical; members; mexico; millennial; movement; national; need; neoliberalism; new; new york; oecd; ontario; order; osstf; pay; pedagogy; people; percent; place; point; policies; politics; poverty; power; practice; press; process; production; programs; project; province; provincial; public; quality; quality education; reforms; relations; research; review; right; role; saskatchewan; school; schooling; secondary; sector; self; sense; social; society; state; strategy; students; studies; study; support; teachers; teaching; terms; thinking; time; toronto; trevor; turkey; understanding; union; universities; university; university education; university press; university research; university students; use; values; way; ways; work; work education; workers; working; world; years; york; young
• The Paradox of Low-Wage Work by Fanelli, Carlo; Shields, John (2016) - © Alternate Routes, 2015 Toronto www.alternateroutes.ca “Alternate Routes” ISSN 1923-7081 (online) ISSN 0702-8865 (print) Managing Editors: Carlo Fanelli and John Shields Interventions Editor: Jordy Cummings and Jeff Noonan Book Reviews Editor: Priscillia Lefebvre and Rebecca Schein Editorial Advisory Board: Nahla Abdo, Dimitry Anastakis, Pat Armstrong, Tim Bartkiw, David Camfield, Nicolas Carrier, Sally Chivers, Wallace Clement, Simten Cosar, Simon Dalby, Aaron Doyle, Ann Duffy, Bryan Evans, Randall Germain, Peter Gose, Henry Giroux, Paul Kellogg, Jacqueline Kennelly, Mark Neocleous, Bryan Palmer, Jamie Peck, Sorpong Peou, Garry Potter, Georgios Papanicolaou, Mi Park, Justin Paulson, Stephanie Ross, George S. Rigakos, Heidi Rimke, Arne Christoph Ruckert, Toby Sanger, Ingo Schmidt, Alan Sears, Mitu Sengupta, Meenal Shrivastava, Janet Lee Siltanen, Susan Jane Spronk, Jim Struthers, Mark P. Thomas, Rosemary Warskett Journal Mandate: Established in 1977 Alternate Routes is committed to creating outlets for critical social research and interdisciplinary inquiry. A warm thank you and well wishes to Priscillia Lefebvre who has served in a number of roles since 2010, Jordy Cummings who served as interventions editor since 2014, and Rebecca Schein who served as book reviews co-editor for this volume, for their time and commitment to critical social research as they move on to new avenues of their work. Keywords: capitalism; john; labour; marx; routes; wage; work; worker
• Exploitation, Stagnant Wages and Underemployment in Advanced Capitalism: A Canadian Perspective by Livingstone, D.W. (2016) - For employers, having an ample supply of qualified workers to employ for varying amounts of time and skill use with high intensity of effort is central to profit maximization. The fact that an oversupply of qualified workers is now essential to maintain levels of exploitation and reproduction of advanced capitalism is rarely hinted at. Keywords: jobs; labour; livingstone; skill; time; underemployment; workers
• Challenging the Low Wage Economy: Living and Other Wages by McBride, Stephen; Muirhead, Jacob (2016) - Although the achievement of a statutory minimum wage system across the Canadian provinces was a victory for labour activists, these early minimum wage systems still enabled employers to set low minimum wages (McCallum, 1986, 56). Various social and political forces have pushed for policies to address issues of low wages and poverty. Keywords: campaigns; economic; economy; labour; living; living wage; low; minimum; minimum wage; movement; policy; time; united; wage; wage economy; wage movement; work; workers
• ‘Illegalized’ Migrant Workers and the Struggle for a Living Wage by Hannan, Charity-Ann; Bauder, Harald; Shields, John (2016) - Employers in London were also found to have benefited from living wage ordinances, with reports of higher work productivity associated with paying living wages (Wills et al., 2009a). To improve the wages of low-wage workers, members of unions, community groups, activists, and support coalitions have launched living wage campaigns in cities in the USA, UK and, more recently, Canada. Keywords: campaign; canada; cities; city; employers; employment; immigration; labour; living; living wage; migrant; movement; rights; struggle; toronto; union; wage; workers
• Paving Their Way and Earning Their Pay: Economic Survival Experiences of Immigrants in East Toronto by Gottfried et al., Keren (2016) - Precarious informal work: those who work informal jobs (self­ employment or cash work) and report they ’cannot make ends meet’ each month; and, c. Workplace violations: those who work full­time but where at least one employment standard was not being met.9 The survey of this East Toronto enclave uncovered evidence that a large proportion of this population was struggling to make ends meet and working in precarious, insecure work. Again, ethnicity and English proficiency level appear to be driving the dependent variable of insufficient employment and involvement in precarious informal work, though only English language level appears to be driving the existence of workplace violations for those with full­time jobs. Keywords: chinese; economic; employment; english; immigrant; jobs; labour; levels; market; respondents; sample; social; survey; toronto; women; work; working
• Lived Experiences of Unemployed Women in Toronto and Halifax, Canada Who Were Previously Precariously Employed by Nichols, Leslie (2016) - The first finding is related to the erosion of state infrastructure: There is a lack of supports for unemployed women workers, and they also face difficulties owing to a lack of supports extended through social programs and supports in the areas of health care, childcare, retraining, and reentering the labour market. To follow up on this line of inquiry, in 2013 I conducted a study of the lived experiences of unemployed women with intersecting identities that included: being precariously employed prior to the period of unemployment; being a single parent, a parent of a child, or a parent of multiple children; caring for parents; lacking a partner’s income; having a precariously employed or unemployed partner; having a racialized identity or immigrant status; and having various gender, class, and age.2 These multiple identities bring attention to diversities and inequities in women's working lives. Keywords: benefits; canada; employment; intersectionality; labour; market; participants; policy; study; toronto; women; work; workers
• Reality TV’s Low-Wage and No-Wage Work by Mirlees, Tanner (2016) - But just as the one-sided rendering of “role model” precariats as hyper- exploited risk a “sense that there is no way out,” overlook the capacity of workers to collectively “contest” and “resist,” and gloss over “countervailing possibilities” (de Peuter, 2014, 365), stock descriptions of reality TV workers as dupes or pawns fail to address how these workers possess the collective capacities for understanding and changing their circumstances, possibly for the better. So, there is an emerging international effort to unionize reality TV workers, and some small victories. Keywords: contract; interns; labour; media; new; owners; pay; people; power; producers; production; reality; reality tv; shows; studios; tv shows; tv studios; tv workers; wage; work; workers
• Finally the Right to Strike: But What About Organizing? by McDermott, Patricia (2016) - Employees covered by labour legislation are protected by a further set of employee rights, such as unfair labour practices and the right to retain their status as employees while on strike and thus have the right to their job back within certain time parameters. Unfortunately there is little hope of avoiding extensive litigation now that the array of Charter rights for unions under 2(d) seem almost fully in place. Keywords: canada; court; employees; labour; legislation; para; right; saskatchewan; services; sfl; strike; union; work
• Digital Labour and the Internet Prosumer Commodity: In Conversation with Christian Fuchs by Flisfeder, Matthew (2016) - His work also figures quite prominently in your analysis of social media and social media labour. The Occupy Movement and Social Media in Crisis Capitalism, Culture and Economy in the Age of Social Media, and several other books and articles on social media and critical media studies. Keywords: capitalism; commodity; communication; economy; fuchs; labour; media; studies
• Art, Labour and Precarity in the Age of Veneer Politics by Garrett, Rebecca; Jackson, Liza Kim (2016) - Our own genealogies include working out of traditions of participatory engaged direct cinema, community arts, and our long time involvement in overlapping liberation movements and decolonizing struggles, including: Afrikan decolonizing struggles, Palestinian resistance, Indigenous rights, prison abolition, punk anarchist feminism, disability activism, liberation theology, anti-imperialist, anti-apartheid, anti-poverty, housing, and squatting movements. Art works are bundled into portfolios and traded as futures. Keywords: age; art; artists; community; exchange; labour; living; politics; precarity; spaces; value; veneer; work; world
• THE HEALING JOURNEY: INTIMATE PARTNER ABUSE AND ITS IMPLICATIONS IN THE LABOUR MARKET by Poon, Julie (2016) - Taken together, these findings provide strong support for DeRiviere’s argument that the impact of abuse places women at a disadvantage in the labour market extending beyond the duration of the intimate relationship itself. Pages: 1-199. Reviewed by Julie Poon1 The Healing Journey: Intimate Partner Abuse and Its Implications in the Labour Market seeks to provide insight into the challenges that women confront when leaving an abusive partner within the labour market as well as their everyday lives. Keywords: labour; market; women
• Precarious Work and the Struggle for Living Wages by Routes, Alternate (2016) - The share of workers globally making two dollars a day or less stood at 26 percent in 2013, though the percentage is much higher in parts of the global South, such as Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, where the working poor make up more than 60 percent of wage workers (ILO 2015b). Nearly 60 percent of wage workers globally are part-time or in some form of temporary employment; in addition, over 22 percent are self-employed (ILO, 2015a, 13, 39).7 7 Note: This data is based on the latest year available for the given country Marx’s Theory of Working-Class Precariousness | 39 Keywords: american; analysis; army; art; benefits; book; canada; canadian; capital; capitalism; case; children; cities; city; class; community; conditions; countries; detroit; development; economic; economy; employers; employment; employment precarity; employment relationship; example; exploitation; family; food; form; future; gender; global; government; health; hours; human; impact; income; industrial; industry; inequality; international; jobs; journal; labour; labour market; law; legislation; levels; life; living wage; london; low; marx; media; migrant; minimum wage; need; neoliberal; new; non; number; ontario; participants; pay; people; percent; policy; politics; population; poverty; power; precariousness; precarity; press; production; public; reality; reality tv; relations; report; research; reserve; review; right; sector; self; services; social; society; standard; state; strike; struggle; studies; study; support; system; theory; time; time employment; time work; toronto; tv workers; unemployed; union; united; university; use; value; wage campaigns; wage economy; wage labour; wage movement; wage ordinances; wage policies; wage policy; wage workers; wages; way; women; workers; working; world; years; york
• You Got to Make the Numbers Work: Negotiating Managerial Reforms in the Provision of Employment Support Service by Rudman, Debbie L.; Aldrich, Rebecca M.; Grundy, John; Stone, Melanie; Huot, Suzanne; Aslam, Awish (2017) - Yet, as a growing body of critical social policy scholarship demonstrates, the adoption of NPM, as well as activation measures, can also be viewed as attempts to discipline managers, service providers, and clients’ conduct in ways consistent with neoliberal rationalities (Brodkin 2011; Soss et al. 2011). These effects include work intensification for service providers; reconfiguration of the relation between service providers, funders, and clients; and heightened insecurity for service providers and service users. Keywords: austerity; clients; employment; labour; ministry; npm; numbers; outcomes; policy; providers; service; service providers; system; ways; work
• Alternatives to the Low Waged Economy: Living Wage Movements in Canada and the United States by Evans, Bryan (2017) - There are a number of living wage campaigns currently in BC. A number of the smaller centres do not necessarily have full on living wage campaigns. Keywords: campaign; canada; city; economy; employers; income; labour; living; living wage; low; minimum; minimum wage; movement; new; policy; social; states; wage; workers
• Austerity Urbanism and the Social Economy by Fanelli, Carlo; Tufts, Steve (2017) - This allowed additional programs and collaborations like Job Search 26 | Austerity Urbanism and the Social Economy Workshop (JSW), HOST program7 and Language Instruction for Newcomers to Canada (LINC) to expand. Email: b1evans@ryerson.ca 80 | Austerity Urbanism and the Social Economy is a direct response to the expanding low wage sector in the labour market as well as the political reluctance of governments in both the United States and Canada to maintain the general minimum wage at a sufficient level of purchasing adequacy. Keywords: agencies; approach; austerity; austerity urbanism; budget; building; campaign; canada; canadian; case; chicago; cities; city; clients; community; conditions; council; crisis; development; economy; employment; engagement; example; federal; flint; funding; governance; government; health; homes; housing; human; immigrant; income; javascript; john; labour; level; life; living; living wage; low; making; market; measures; minimum; montreal; movement; municipal; need; neoliberal; neoliberalism; new; npm; numbers; ontario; organizations; outcomes; people; policies; policy; politics; power; press; process; progressive; providers; public; research; residents; respondents; right; sector; service; service providers; settlement; shields; social; space; staff; state; support; system; tenants; time; topa; toronto; tory; university; use; wage; water; way; welfare; work; workers; working; years; york
• 'A Work For the World and For Us' by Fanelli, Carlo; Potter, Garry (2018) - A series of Interventions further confront issues of social inequality and social justice. These elements also suggest the need to explore more egalitarian forms of distribution and options for social change and social justice. Keywords: class; fanelli; inequality; javascript; justice; labour; neoliberal; social; spectre; women; work; world
• Unpaid Work, Coercion and the Fear Economy by Duffy, Ann; Pupo, Norene (2018) - Here, the authors locate unpaid work historically by considering the direct physical force that underlies slavery and work within total institutions, and then analyze the contemporary subtle, indirect pressures exercised by hegemonic ideologies to sustain unpaid internships and unremunerated working days. Secondly, we argue that unpaid work is expanding in the current historical/economic context. Keywords: coercion; economy; employment; example; fear; inequality; labour; new; state; time; toronto; university; unpaid; welfare; women; work; workers; working
• Bodies and Borders: Migrant Women Farmworkers and the Struggle for Sexual and Reproductive Justice in British Columbia, Canada by Cohen, Amy; Caxaj, Susana (2018) - We conclude with a discussion on how migrant women creatively resist restrictions imposed upon them, and we make recommendations aimed at improving the experiences of women SAWP workers attempting to achieve reproductive justice in BC. KEYWORDS: Migrant Women, Reproductive Justice; British Columbia; Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program Introduction Camila is a mother of two from Baja California who works in Canada as a temporary migrant farmworker. Female SAWP Workers and Reproductive Oppression in the Okanagan Pre-Departure Control: Gendered oppression takes both subtle and not- so-subtle forms and occurs both in Mexico and once women SAWP workers arrive in British Columbia (BC), Canada. Keywords: canada; care; employers; farmworkers; health; justice; labour; mexican; migrant; okanagan; program; reproductive; rights; sawp; sawp workers; social; women; workers
• Towards a Fairer Platform Economy: Introducing the Fairwork Foundation by Graham, Mark; Woodcock, Jamie (2018) - Our clicks tie us to the lives and livelihoods of platform workers, as much as buying clothes tie us to the lives of sweatshop workers. However, platform work goes significantly further, involving the act of a company or institution taking a function once performed by employees and outsourcing it to an undefined (and generally large) network of people in the form of an open call (Howe, 2006, 1). Keywords: economy; gig; graham; http://faircrowd.work/unions-for-crowdworkers/frankfurt-declaration/; http://faircrowd.work/unions-for-crowdworkers/frankfurt-declaration/ http://faircrowd.work/unions-for-crowdworkers/frankfurt-declaration/; https://www.viewpointmag.com/2017/09/20/far-seamless-workers-inquiry-deliveroo/; labour; platform; work; workers
• Austerity Without End by Fanelli, Carlo ; Luce, Stephanie (2019) - Whereas public sector union density has stayed relatively consistent from the mid-1980s to early-2000s, hovering around 72 percent, total Canadian private sector density fell from 26 percent to just over 18 percent. The result has been declining union density in most industrialized countries. Keywords: austerity; canada; density; labour; sector; union; work; workers
• Precarity as the New Reality? Millennials’ Representation in the Changing Workplaces Review Policy Process by Perreault-Laird, Jordyn; Silver, Susan (2019) - The decision to use submissions to the CWR was founded upon the desire to understand the type and degree of representation millennials received in the consultation process and to explore the ways in which their concerns were discussed. Based on the nature of their representation in this policy process, we explore the degree to which millennials are a serious consideration of labour policy, and as such, if they are viewed as a group deserving of this attention. Keywords: analysis; cwr; employment; group; labour; market; millennials; new; ontario; policy; precarity; process; report; representation; review; submissions; workers
• EU Neoliberalism at Bay: Social Democratic Renewal or Populist Economic Nationalism? by Jones, Bryn (2020) - Right-wing politicians promoted a toxic xenophobic backlash from this mass immigration by linking it to EU policies. EU fiscal policy is rigid, exchange rate flexibility between member states is impossible and monetary policy is centralized. Keywords: brexit; coalition; democracy; democratic; economic; government; italian; italy; labour; lega; m5s; neoliberal; neoliberalism; new; parties; party; populism; power; public; right; social; system; ukip
• The Democratic Economy: Beyond Globalisation and Neoliberalism by Martell, Luke (2020) - And local decentralised social ownership needs to be allied, as under Corbynite Labour, with national public ownership if it is to be equally for all: new Old Labour but still Old Labour. This need not replace local ownership, as pluralism is desirable for various reasons, and in many cases greater local accountability and participation is positive. Keywords: capital; community; democratic; economy; guinan; labour; national; ownership; party; power; preston; public; social; wealth
• Uneven Engagement: Unions and the Living Wage in Ontario by Goutor, David (2020) - While scholars have provided valuable insight into how different organizations – including unions – have united behind living wage campaigns, there have been few detailed studies of just what labour leaders think about the living wage, especially in Canada. It reveals strong support for living wage campaigns and a belief that they should be a high priority for the labour movement. Keywords: campaigns; council; employers; labour; living; living wage; minimum; ontario; respondents; unions; wage; wage campaigns; workers
• Introduction to Special Section: Interventions on Labour Transnationalism as Practice Reflections from Trade Union Activists and Staff by Collombat, Thomas (2020) - Global Labour Studies. Global Labour Journal 1(2), 301-313. Keywords: international; labour; new; solidarity; union; workers
• Global Framework Agreements: Building and Protecting Space for Local Collective Bargaining Through International Organization by Gibb, Euan (2020) - Nobody knows the priorities of local issues as intimately as local workers and their trade unions. As a result, workers’ organizations at the international level have increased efforts to develop independent strength and capacity of local trade unions to act. Keywords: agreements; framework; gfas; global; gufs; international; labour; rights; tncs; trade; unions; workers
• Global Networks Challenging the Power of the Mining Industry by Marshall, Judith (2020) - According to the report back from Valerio Vieira, then President of Metabase Inconfidentes, a founding member of AV, 12 of the 14 unions representing Vale mine workers were basically “company unions”, eager to praise the new president. USW had convened a global meeting in Sudbury of unions representing Vale workers soon after Vale’s take-over. Keywords: bargaining; brazil; canada; companies; company; global; industry; international; labour; mining; new; power; teck; union; usw; vale; workers
• Professional Employees’ Transformative Potential: Labour Aristocracy or New Working Class by Livingstone, D.W. (2023) - Professional employees and other non-managerial workers who have accrued more net wealth are about as likely as workers with less net assets to express pro-labour oppositional class consciousness. More specifically, there should be positive associations between non-managerial employee classes and expressions of pro-labour oppositional class consciousness. Keywords: capital; class; class consciousness; consciousness; employees; labour; livingstone; managers; professional; service; views; workers; working
• Pandemic Capitalism and Cities: Work and Inequality by Fanelli, Carlo ; Whiteside, Heather (2023) - The COVID-19 era has thus meant a crisis of unprecedented proportions for urban workers, not only for its effects on production and reproduction but also through the coalescing of structural inequalities and cyclical instabilities characteristic of capitalism. The ‘centre’, like social democratic politics more widely, is a politics devoid of adversaries, and increasingly a spent force neither able to provide a convincing intellectual explanation of what has been happening over the last forty years, nor connect with the various layers of the working class negatively affected by the consequences of neoliberal de- democratization. Keywords: austerity; cities; class; covid-19; economy; fanelli; global; labour; local; market; new; pandemic; policy; politics; power; social; state; urban; whiteside; work; workers
• Precarity and Processes of Classification: Conflictual Concepts of Class, Labour-Power and Caring by Ba', Stefano (2023) - Conventional and Conflictual Concepts of Class A conflictual concept of social class is crucial to understanding the daily struggles of people in precarity, thus this article deploys alternative concepts around class (Adorno, 2019; Bonefeld, 2002; Dinnerstein & Neary, 2002; Radice, 2015; Tischler, 2009) so as to articulate them in the contemporary scenario of precarious employment. The sociological study of precarity, in the sense of casualisation of employment linked to general social insecurity, has been connected with issues of social class almost from the outset (Paugam, 2000; Castel, 2003; Toscano, 2007; Standing, 2011). Keywords: capital; care; class; concept; conditions; employment; labour; participants; power; precarity; research; struggles; work; working
• Behind the Work-Fertility Trade-off: Women, Work and Transitions by Venne, Rosemary A. ; Hannay, Maureen (2023) - Compared to adults, youth have been harder hit by labour-market shifts during the pandemic with young women being disproportionately affected (Wolff & Hamilton, 2020). The pandemic appears to be accelerating the shift towards lower fertility rates though it is uncertain if this is a temporary downturn. Keywords: adulthood; canada; childcare; children; economic; fertility; force; labour; life; pandemic; rates; roles; time; transitions; women; work
• Karl Marx, Critique of the Gotha Program by Potter, Garry (2023) - Exchange value, is, of course, totally different. Exchange value is the comparative value of commodities to one another in a capitalist economy. Keywords: hudis; labour; value
• Democracy at Work: Contract, Status and Post-Industrial Justice by Di Trolio, Gerard (2023) - But when the Great Depression came and before the Nazis took power, Sinzheimer declared a “crisis in labour law” because the capitalists no longer wanted to play by the rules and sought to decrease wages and workers found themselves with much less leverage due to high employment (p. 45). This leads to a major gap in the book’s theorization, the issue of migrant workers. Keywords: labour; work
• It’s The Proletariat, Stupid! The ‘Property Owning Democracy’ and Left Electoral Strategies by Jones, Bryn (2024) - Experts have associated an increase in working class voter turnout with the emphasis that Sinn Fein and other left parties placed on these issues (Kavanagh and Durkan, n.d.). Analyses of the 2019 election results at the level of individual constituencies suggests that Labour would have won most Red Wall seats had the turnout amongst working class voters been higher. Keywords: brexit; class; election; housing; labour; left; ownership; parties; party; red; turnout; voters; voting; wall; working
• The Racial Labour Geographies of Amazon in Canada’s Greater Toronto Area by Abdelbaki, Rawan (2024) - The findings and analysis presented here are drawn from semi-structured interviews with Amazon workers, Amazon corporate reports, government and civil society reports, as well as media sources. Amazon warehouse workers in Canada saw injury rates double. Keywords: amazon; canada; capitalism; context; economic; economy; employment; gta; immigrants; labour; logistics; management; market; new; people; process; toronto; warehouse; workers; workforce
• Right Populism or Neoliberalism? Understanding Austerity In Doug Ford’s Ontario by Kelpin, Ryan (2024) - Ford government caps public sector wage increases at 1 per cent; unions pledge to challenge law in court. In the case of Ford, this article demonstrates that right populism and neoliberalism can be mapped by understanding how they are ultimately complementary to one another, even when right populism appears as reactionary to neoliberalism. Keywords: austerity; business; discourse; ford; government; labour; market; neoliberalism; ontario; people; politics; populism; public; right; state; toronto; workers
• High Inflation and Labour Militancy in Historical Perspective by Goutor, David (2025) - It examines each of the periods of high inflation – during and after World War But deeper analysis reveals five more important factors that recur in every period of high inflation: expectations of the working class tend to rise; workers are forced to make serious sacrifices just before inflation rises; governments tend to be highly active in the economy, making the impact of inflation highly politicized; inflation coincides with political and ideological instability, and elite failures to show they are in control; eventually elites take a “zero sum” approach to policy and impose solutions that inflict more pain on workers. Keywords: 1970s; canada; crisis; economy; gindin; inflation; labour; militancy; new; percent; periods; post; price; strike; u.s; union; war; workers; working; world
• The Challenges for International Solidarity and Labour Rights in the Emerging Multipolar World: The Case of the BRICS by Fast, Travis; Dehaibi, Laura (2025) - The challenge to international labour solidarity, abstractly in any case, was easy enough to identify and define: neoliberal globalization. We find both the lingering constraints of embedded liberalism and opportunities for elevating the status of labour and labour standards and increased labour solidarity within the multiregional BRICS bloc. KEYWORDS: BRICS; Multipolarity; Pluralism; Labour Solidarity; International Labour Rights Introduction The question over the possibility of international labour solidarity is a permanent feature of the global market. Keywords: brics; btuf; declaration; development; economic; global; group; ilo; international; labour; order; organization; solidarity; states; summit; trade; union; work; world; wto

• Cops, Crime & Capitalism: The Law and Order Agenda in Canada by Ozcan, Gulden (2010) - Gordon, by conducting a careful empirical study of legal regulations, demonstrates how police practices have served the systematic subordination of racialised and gendered populations in Canada. Although Gordon’s approach to police as a state-centred strategy leaves some questions unanswered such as the ever-increasing numbers of private police, he provides an accessible account to remind us that po- licing is a strategy driven by a moral discourse on the importance of employment and self-discipline, rather than a strategy to fight crime. Keywords: gordon; order; police; state
• Permanent Austerity: The Politics of the Canadian Exit Strategy from Fiscal Stimulus by Evans, Bryan; Albo, Greg (2010) - And a third exit – and the focus of the most heated political debate – is from deficit-spending fiscal policies toward public sector austerity. The general notion, expressed at the Toronto G20 Summit and other international meetings, is cutting public sector deficits in half by 2013, and phasing in a reduction of debt to GDP rations after 2016. Keywords: austerity; bank; budget; canada; cent; crisis; deficit; exit; finance; government; march; ontario; sector; services; state; stimulus; strategy; tax; workers; year
• The Keynesian Revival: a Marxian Critique by Wolff, Richard (2010) - Second, the promise that has almost always accompanied each application of Keynesian policies 1 Richard D. Wolff is Professor of Economics Emeritus at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst and currently Visiting Professor in the Graduate Program in International Affairs of the New School University in New York City. Different combinations of these components characterize Keynesian policies in different countries and at different historical moments. Keywords: capitalism; economics; keynesian; marxian; policies; productivity; state; theory; wages; workers
• A Rough Climate for Migration by Kelly, Elaine (2011) - The dominance of the security paradigm can be seen in recent efforts to lock down a concept of climate security which can then be effectively mobilised by policymakers, extending its reach from environmental and migration discourse into climate change. Marie Julia Trombetta recognises the difficulty of implementing climate security, arguing that its complexity arises in the paradoxical need to both transform and protect “the existing economic structure and way of life” (Trombetta, 2008, p. 591). Keywords: change; climate; climate change; discourse; environment; haiti; haitian; hospitality; migration; military; north; paradigm; policy; refugees; response; security; state; threat
• Neoliberalism & the State by Konings, Martijn (2011) - Despite the attention to the state and its institutions, financial globalization is still conceptualized as the ‘disembedding’ of financial markets from their erstwhile ‘embedded liberal’ institutional environment and the resulting imposition of market discipline on public and private actors (e.g. Helleiner, 1994; Best, 2003; Ruggie, 2007). One of the central theo- retical points of critical IPE has been the role of the state in fostering the globalization of financial markets. Keywords: actors; american; capacities; control; crisis; life; markets; neoliberalism; new; power; state
• Power, the State and Global Politics After the Great Freeze:Towards a New Articulation? by Germain, Randall (2011) - What should be of more concern to scholars of global power is the condition of American values and ideals, which support in so many ways the entrenched American-centred global economic agenda. | 103 this, there were also some decisions that were simply not taken because the U.S. in effect blocked the way; such ‘non-decisions’ as she called them were also the product of American structural power (Strange, 1986). Keywords: american; capital; economy; financial; freeze; international; new; politics; power; state; strange; system; u.s; world
• Social Property Relations in the 21st Century: An Interview with Ellen Meiksins Wood by Cummings, Jordy (2012) - Political Marxism is far more conscious of the specifici- ties of capitalism, and so it can shed more light on how capitalism operates today, why it does what it does, why its crises take the form that they do, and what the possibilities are for the future – though I’d hesitate to call the approach ‘capital-centric’, if only because of its Social Property Relations in the 21st Century | 163 usefulness in identifying the specificity of other social forms too, not just capitalism. If you want to understand the relations between capitalism and, say, race, gender, or slavery, you obviously need to understand what makes capitalism distinct from other social forms, what generates its very specific operating principles and the distinctive historical dynamic that it has set in motion. Keywords: capitalism; freedom; imperatives; kind; left; property; relations; state
• Macrosociological Approaches Towards a 'Canadian Sociology' by Clement, Wallace (2013) - This paper is no more than an attempt to move toward a wider perspective, a macrosociological approach to Canadian society, by examining some models and theories of modern national so- cieties. To provide an analysis of Canadian society it will be necessary to distinguish three types of macrosociological terms. Keywords: analysis; canada; canadian; class; development; french; level; model; national; nations; perspective; power; quebec; relationship; social; society; sociology; state; structure; study; system; terms; toronto; total; way
• Elections, State Policy and the Marxian Tradition in Political Sociology by Alford, Robert (2013) - The State of Cultural Theory: A Review of Past and Present Fashions 105 Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2011 with funding from Carleton University, Department of Sociology & Anthropology http://www.archive.org/details/alternateroutesc04alte Elections, State Policy and the Marxian Tradition in Political Sociology: An Interview Robert Alford Introduction Like the discipline in general, political sociology in North America has undergone considerable change since the early 1960s. ISBN 0-7709-0108-5 A Critical Review Vol. 4 1980 Contents Robert Alford (U. of California, Santa Cruz) Elections, State Policy and the Marxian Tradition in Political Sociology: An Interview 1 Stella Lord (Carleton University) The Struggle for Equal Pay for Work of Equal Value: Keywords: analysis; class; j.c; policy; r.a; sociology; state; voting; work
• The Limits of Keynesianism by Malcolmson, John (2013) - However, as Mattick points out, there are serious problems inherent in the multiplier concept, which, in the final analysis, are rooted in the nature of state intervention and state spending within a capitalist economy. For this reason, it is no longer possible to speak of vital areas and processes which fall outside of this near pervasive blanket of state intervention. Keywords: capital; capitalist; consumption; crisis; employment; intervention; investment; keynes; state
• The State of Cultural Theory by Clarke, Debra (2013) - To Hoggart, working class culture (and he freely made this association) is precisely the same urban local culture of tightly knit communities, where myth, ritual, superstition, fatalism, and short-term hedonism occupy positions of centrality in everyday life. for bourgeois culture was supplanted with a new reverence for working class culture (heavily inspired by Hoggart) that amounts to a kind of perverse elitism. Keywords: analysis; centre; class; communication; culture; development; frankfurt; ideology; life; london; marxism; mass; media; new; production; society; state; studies; theorists; theory; williams; work; working
• Beyond the Fur Trade: The Rise and Fall of the Eskimo Cooperative by Myers, Marybelle (2013) - 5 1982 £8 of their claim, the co-op people insist that, in many cases, Makivik operations conflict and, in others, compete, with co-op programmes. Co-op wages are geared to a standard of living consist- ent with the Inuit culture but not competitive, although the gap is narrowing under pressure from the population. Keywords: alternate; arctic; bay; cent; development; eskimo; government; inuit; makivik; movement; native; northern; operatives; ops; people; production; quebec; routes; state; vol
• Nationalism and Ideology by Blight, Stephen (2013) - Historical materialism posits the primacy of the relations of production in society, with class struggle constituting history's motive force. Next, Laclau makes a distinction between class struggle and classes-in-struggle. Keywords: bloc; bourgeoisie; class; dominant; ideology; level; material; nationalism; people; power; state; struggle
• Nationalism and Class: A Case Analysis by Lustiger-Thaler, Henri (2013) - For Davis, though there are many references in Marx's work to the leading class, national class and universal - 64 - class, caution should be exercised in their explanatory value. This paper will argue, on the contrary, that nationalism within relatively homogeneous societies is expressed as well as appropriated by various class interests under the pervasiveness of a complex hegemony. Keywords: central; class; class interests; classes; csn; debate; ftq; interests; marx; nationalism; new; party; period; quebec; question; state; union; workers; working; working class
• Public Broadcasting in Canada: Subordinate Service by Skinner, David (2013) - Informed by a commercial rationale, private broadcasting in Canada was largely constructed as an extension of American broadcasting empires. It is a popular conception that although broadcasting regulation was undertaken to give public broadcasting the central role in the broadcasting system, today the situation is reversed and the public service mainly compensates for the inadequacies of private broadcasters (Salter 232). Keywords: broadcasting; broadcasting system; canada; canadian; capital; cbc; commission; development; government; programming; state; system
• Communication, Culture and Power by Mosco, Vincent (2013) - While Dr. Mosco's expertise is in the political economy of communications, the breadth and depth of his interests are apparent in this interview in which he explores contemporary debates over the nature of capitalist society, the relationships between cultural studies and political economy in communication studies, and the implications of globalization, deregulation, and privatization in the communication industries. 1993 years is to give communication studies a stronger theoretical grounding. Keywords: business; canada; communication; culture; economy; industry; information; mosco; new; pay; policy; post; research; routes; services; state; studies; telephone
• Telecommunication Policy for Whom? An Analysis of Recent CRTC Decisions by Rideout, Vanda (2013) - Competition in telecommunication business services has, paradoxically, resulted in a more regulated telecommunication environment; one in which there is less regulation in the public interest but more regulation to manage market forces. However, the Inuit are not only interested in the economic advantage of telecommunication services but, more importantly, in the capabilities for education, health and transportation as well as social and cultural applications. Keywords: bell; business; canada; canadian; class; cncp; competition; crtc; decision; decision crtc; distance; ottawa; policy; services; state; telecom decision; telecommunication; telecommunication decision; telephone
• Taking "Freedom of the Press" Seriously: Critical Media Sociology and the Challenge of Democracy by Robinson, David (2013) - More recently, news media organizations have offered readers and spectators editorial 'talk-back' telephone lines, allowing audiences to register their views or complaints. Likewise, the ever increasing concentration of news media outlets raises real fears that a large number of public interests are not being served. Keywords: access; advertising; communication; elite; freedom; information; london; market; media; need; news; ownership; power; press; production; public; society; sphere; state; theory
• Future Probabilities for a Somali Nation State: Development and Governance by Reimer, Joel (2013) - Clans form a lineage derived socio-economic organizational frame- work witliin Somali society, which is legitimated by Islamic religious belief and tradition Tlie notion of shared religious heritage and common history is Reimer/ Future Probabilities for a Somali Nation State encapsulated in the genealogies of the cornucopia of Somali clans and lineages (Casanelli, 1982: 129). The examination of Somali clan structure is followed by an analysis of the structure and function ofthe Somali state immediately after independence in 1960 and of the succeeding government in 1969 of Siad Barre. Keywords: alternate; barre; bourdieu; clan; development; field; government; interests; lewis; nation; new; ofthe; power; practice; press; relations; routes; samatar; siad; somali; state; structure; system; university; volume
• Dwarfed Wolves Stealing Scraps From Our Masters' Tables: Women's Groups and the Funding Process by Transken, Si (2013) - If WEC women were designing these forms they would be much simpler, easier to understand, include more qualitative data, and would be designed with the assumption that we are trustworthy beings authentically doing everything we can to help other women with their messy and 'ordinary' day- to-day problems. If WEC women were designing the forms, we would assume that if last year a number ofwomen wanted to talk about incest, rape, violaice, poverty, unemployment, etc., there would also be women this year with the same concerns. Keywords: account; day; funders; funding; funding process; government; groups; masters; ofthe; organization; process; project; smith; social; state; time; wec; women; work; year
• Re-thinking Cultural Policy: Critical Approaches in the Era of Privatization by Skinner, David; Robinson, David (2013) - Re-thinking Cultural Policy: Critical Approaches in the Era of Privatization David Skinner Simon Fraser University David C. Robinson^ Carleton University Long established practices of cultural policy are rapidly changing throughout the world. Where once cultural policies were developed to serve a broadly defined 'public interest,' todaywe are witnessing the introduction ofpolicies that are primarily geared to serve private accumulation. Keywords: canada; culture; interest; market; new; policy; practices; production; public; state
• Free Trade and Social Policy Reform: The Hidden Dimension? by Macdonald, J. Rachel (2013) - Finally, trade agreements bind the nation- state, both directly and indirectly, from pursuing social policies that may be mterpreted as restricting access to markets or as discouraging profit-making. Rec«it changes to the definition of poverty, cutbacks to Medicare, and proposals aimed at replaang Canada's social safety net with wage supple- mentprograms illustratethe degreeto which the ideological underpinnings of free trade have already dramatically altered social policy in Canada. Keywords: canada; canadian; economy; free; market; policies; policy; programs; state; trade
• Reintroducing Politics: Recent Developments in Feminist Theories of the State by Mason, Dominique (2013) - It would be a mistake, however, to see this encounter as being solely with the state, or with state actors: it is an encounter within the arenas ofthe state with other political actors that articulate other sets of interests and carry with them particular <2) <5> Alternate Routes, Volume 12, 1995 assumptions about gender relations (and race, and class). The institutional, political, and bureaucratic characteristics of particular state-systems as historical productions and fields of ongoing struggles become central in this proposition: What kind of state [of welfare state, of bureaucracy, of gender regime or gender politics] we have depends on who was mobilized in social struggle, what strategies were deployed, and who won. Keywords: feminist; gender; politics; power; relations; state; welfare; women
• Creative and Cultural Expression but not Art: Multiculturalism Arts Funding as Cultural Management by Hamilton, Sheryl (2013) - I argue that situated as it is at the intersection ofdiscourses ^^ of arts policy and of multiculturahsm that the CCE Program in fact constitutes a means by which cultural pluralism is fixed, identified, counted, and used to simultaneously demonstrate the need for, and success o£ multiculturahsm policy. It is not only in the area ofarts and cultural policy, however, where the discourses oforganic community and sovereignty play themselves out as rationales for the Canadian state's intervention into the symbolic order, but also in the institutional locale of multiculturahsm policy. Keywords: alternate; arts; canada; canadian; cultural; culture; expression; funding; identity; multiculturalism; ofthe; policy; program; routes; state
• Crisis of Co-Optation: Human Rights Social Movements and Global Politics by Powell, Christopher (2013) - I propose a few conclusions regarding the utility of the 'global civil society hypothesis' and TSMO Volume 15, 1999 23 Alternate Routes theory generally: These analyses tell us much about the evolving organi- zational and political dynamics of human rights social movements and convey justified optimism regarding the continued political importance of TSMO actors in human rights politics. Therefore, following on these definitions, this paper investigates the impacts on human rights movements of specifically transnational politi- cal processes. Keywords: actors; force; human; international; movements; new; organizations; politics; power; relations; rights; routes; society; sovereignty; state; system; theory; tsmos; volume; world
• Why Communism Lacked "Information Flow": A Theoretical Analysis by Nalaskowski, Lukasz (2013) - Volume 17 2001 33 Alternate Routes Only the last sector was regulated and shaped by a logic, which slightly resembled the mechanisms of a market economy, while the first two were governed in accordance to a completely different logic, namely that of political economy. However, there is a significant difference between democratic and undemocratic regimes with regard to information flow and with respect to how power- holders are kept informed. Keywords: communist; economy; flow; information; institutions; party; society; state; system
• Being Eritrean in Milan by Arnone, Anne (2013) - The newly arrived asylum seekers are negotiating with the sys- tem in yet other ways. The dream though was privately experienced in many different ways by different peoples. Keywords: analysis; community; discourses; eritrean; history; identity; individual; issues; italy; life; milan; nation; people; practices; research; society; state; time; volume; ways; work
• The Secret Musical Self: Nostalgic Reification of Music According to Adorno by Vallee, Mickey (2013) - That music is a form of regression, that this regression is the state within which reification occurs, suggests that Adorno's insights into popular music were contingent upon the intentional use of nostalgia in popular music production from the beginnings of the music industry. 42 Volume 20, 2004 Chemins Alternatifs Extracting Reification front Adorno There is perhaps nobody in the history of music studies who considered popular music as blatantly ideological as Adorno or who scrutinized with such cynicism. Keywords: adorno; context; experience; listener; music; nostalgia; reification; self; state; tradition; volume
• Tuning in to Democracy: Community Radio, Free Speech and the Democratic Promise by Goldstein, Hilary (2013) - In Peter Lewis' study of alternative/community media, he found that most alternative media projects exist to promote the values of free speech and expression and work to actualize democratic media (Lewis, 1984:1). The true character of democracy and democratic media in Ser- bia did rise in large measure through the contribution of local, commu- nity, and alternative media outlets. Keywords: alternative; audience; b92; broadcasting; citizens; communication; community; control; democracy; democratic; foundation; government; information; interest; media; network; new; news; pacifica; people; press; programming; public; radio; rights; routes; serbia; speech; state; stations; system; volume
• Racial Origins of Civic Nationalisms: Exploring Race Creation in Australia and Canada by Howlett, Owen (2013) - This is seen in both Canada and Australia where state deconstruction of racist race regimes has given rise to new race regimes. Clearly evident in both countries are patterns of race creation, based on racialist values, which created ideal images of white Australian and Canadian races, societies and countries. Keywords: australia; canada; canadian; countries; nation; nationalism; new; press; race; state; white
• Capitalism, the Climate Crisis, and Canada by Katz-Rosene, Ryan (2013) - Crown Corporation Capitalism, the Climate Crisis, and Canada’s ‘Relations of Mobility’ | 43 As Gratwick (2001, p. 3) notes, the Act “introduced the idea of compe- tition between the modes as the cornerstone of the new (or more correctly, the first) clearly enunciated transport policy, together with a multimodal regulatory commission that would apply the new policy consistently across the whole transport spectrum.” From the above analysis it would seem that neoliberal states are largely incapable of genuinely altering existing relations of mobility. Keywords: canada; canadian; change; climate; government; market; mobility; public; relations; sector; sense; socio; state; transport; transportation
• The Geopolitical Ecology of Empire by cummings, Jordy (2013) - Despite these strengths, realist theory is based on a reification of the state and thus ignores the internationalization of Canadian capital and the role of dominant social groups in forging Canadian state policy at home and abroad. Jerome klassen3 (Jk): In the social sciences, there are several theories of Canadian state power in the global political economy. Keywords: ally; canada; capital; ecology; empire; imperialist; military; movements; policy; power; state; war
• Why Do Governments Adopt Neoliberal Education Policies? Critical Theory on Policy Movement in the Context of Contemporary Reform in Mexico by Bocking, Paul (2015) - The WB and the OECD have a major presence in Mexico and a significant impact on the formation of national education policy. THEORIES OF POLICY MOBILITY I begin with the argument that critical perspectives from geography on policy transfer are highly complementary with those of comparative educa- tion for understanding why and how neoliberal education policies cross national borders. Keywords: bank; city; education; education policy; government; mexican; mexico; movement; national; nieto; oecd; peña; policies; policy; public; reforms; school; state; teachers; union; world
• Free-Marketization of Academia through Authoritarianism: The Bologna Process in Turkey by Cosar, Simten; Ergul, Hakan (2015) - Will the universities survive the European integration?: Higher education policies in the EU and in the Netherlands before and after the Bologna Declaration. This article focuses on the neoliberalization of higher education in Turkey. Keywords: academic; article; bologna; education; interview; law; market; neoliberalism; new; process; state; system; turkey; universities; university; yök
• The New Brutalism in Higher Education by Giroux, Henry (2015) - As the corporatization of higher education intensifies, there is little talk in this view of higher education about the history and value of shared governance between faculty and administrators, nor of educating students as critical citizens rather than potential employees of Walmart. The article argues that under the material and affective assaults of neoliberalism, higher education across the globe is experiencing an unprecedented attack on its role as a democratic public sphere. Keywords: democracy; education; neoliberalism; new; people; power; public; society; state; students; universities; university; war
• The Abode of Educational Production: An Interview with Peter McLaren by Cummings, Jordy (2015) - Here, I have been influenced greatly by the work of Hegel and Marx, and Dunayevs- kaya’s theory of state capitalism. Yes, the textbook and assessment company that produces standardized texts, that is singled out by progressive educators as one of the companies that is destroying public education. Keywords: abode; book; capitalism; chávez; class; education; freire; labor; life; neoliberalism; paulo; production; schools; socialism; society; state; students; university; work; world
• Detroit: Realities of Destructive Accumulation by Feeley, Diane (2016) - The reality is that only 28 percent of city residents are employed within the city; of those working in the suburbs, 42 percent earn less than $15,000 annually. City workers and retirees were savaged by the bankruptcy. Keywords: bankruptcy; city; detroit; homes; living; mayor; new; people; percent; residents; state; wages; water; workers
• Settling on Austerity: ISAs, Immigrant Communities and Neoliberal Restructuring by Lowe, Sophia; Richmond, Ted; Shields, John (2017) - However, some respondents felt that the advocacy efforts were not always strategic, and were too often reactive and overly focused on settlement sector funding. Settlement services cover a broad range of activities required by immigrants in the often challenging settlement process, including basic orientation to Canadian society services, language training, labour market access supports, housing assistance and other specialized programs centered on immigrant needs. Keywords: agencies; austerity; canada; funding; government; immigrant; immigration; nonprofit; organizations; policy; respondents; sector; services; settlement; shields; social; state
• Austerity Governance and the Welfare Crisis in Montreal by Hamel, Pierre; Autin, Gregoire (2017) - In the face of what has been described in a schematic way, the picture of the fight against austerity measures in Montreal is faced with numerous structural and subjective constraints. Taking these several elements into account, can we better understand how social actors are able to face austerity policies and austerity measures? Keywords: austerity; community; crisis; governance; government; measures; montreal; sector; services; social; state; welfare
• A Beautiful Community, But a Troubled City: Flint's Water Crisis by Moyo, Otrude N. (2017) - Prior to this, residents had complained about the foul smelling and horrid taste of Flint City water. Recently, I received a letter from the department of health and human services outlining that if I was pregnant and had children who had ingested Flint water for a particular period I may be eligible for some public assistance. Keywords: city; community; crisis; flint; michigan; politics; revenue; sharing; state; water
• Making Peace with the Earth by Neusiedl, Christoph (2017) - This war is fought, as Shiva explains, by multinational corporations (MNCs) and nation-states as their faithful vassals: “Governments mutate from welfare states to corporate states as they deregulate corporations and over-regulate citizens (...). Throughout the book and with a focus on India, Shiva explores the different yet interrelated wars being fought against the earth, the means of war applied by MNCs and the Indian state, and the human and non-human costs of it. Keywords: democracy; earth; farmers; shiva; state
• Making Peace with the Earth by Neusiedel, Christoph (2017) - This war is fought, as Shiva explains, by multinational corporations (MNCs) and nation-states as their faithful vassals: “Governments mutate from welfare states to corporate states as they deregulate corporations and over-regulate citizens (...). Throughout the book and with a focus on India, Shiva explores the different yet interrelated wars being fought against the earth, the means of war applied by MNCs and the Indian state, and the human and non-human costs of it. Keywords: democracy; earth; farmers; shiva; state
• Indigenous Peoples As Subjects Of International Law by Choudry, Aziz (2018) - Marcelle Burns (Kamilaroi) interrogates the foundational work of Hugo Grotius and Francisco de Vitoria on the concept of society in the context of their contributions to shape an (Eurocentric) international legal order, and its use as a tool to exclude Indigenous Peoples from recognition as sovereign subjects within state regimes and international law. He argues that this provides a vocabulary for dehumanizing Indigenous Peoples and entrenches state domination. Keywords: law; nations; peoples; state
• Settling Immigrants in Neoliberal Times: NGOs and Immigrant Well-being in Comparative Context by Moreno, Karla Angelica Valenzuela; Shields, John; Drolet, Julie (2018) - As noted, immigrant settlement service NGOs are operating in a difficult political and socio-economic environment (Szalai and Gobl, 2015). This is particulary evident in the growing role of nonprofits in social provision as illustrated in immigrant settlement services. Keywords: countries; government; immigrant; immigration; integration; justice; neoliberal; newcomers; ngos; nonprofit; policy; public; sector; services; settlement; shields; social; society; state
• Global Citizenship as Neoliberal Propaganda: A Political-Economic and Postcolonial Critique by Chapman, Debra D.; Ruiz-Chapman, Tania; Eglin, Peter (2018) - As a provincially funded and mandated institution, this objective is reflected in the University of Lethbridge’s “Certificate of Global Citizenship”, its reference to a 150 | Social Inequality and the Spectre of Social Justice “global citizenship cohort” and its proposal “to develop global citizenship from a gender perspective” (UL). Furthermore, the philanthropic helper imagined to embody global citizenship is not imagined as the criminal, Global Citizenship as Neoliberal Propaganda | 157 demonstrating once again the propaganda value of this rhetoric. Keywords: citizenship; concept; eds; education; global; international; neoliberal; new; people; press; propaganda; social; state; students; subject; university; world; york
• Rethinking the Transnational Capitalist Class by Carroll, William K. (2018) - The same holds of course for national states, which have pursued regionalization strategies within blocs such as NAFTA and the EU. As our analysis becomes more concrete, as we take up phenomena such as the US military-industrial complex, the TCC appears less as a coherent, homogeneous collective actor that has transcended or captured national states, and more as a highly variegated and regionalized formation containing within itself tensions and contradictions. Keywords: american; capital; capitalist; china; class; formation; international; market; state; tcc; transnational; van; world
• Policy Paradigms and the Structure of the State Apparatus: Embedding Neoliberalism by Evans, Bryan ; Goguen, Marcel (2019) - In contrast, beginning in the 1970s, neoclassical ‘intersubjective understandings’ of inflationary crises were caused by the failure of state policies so that they could only plausibly be dealt with through fiscal and monetary austerity (Widmaier, 2007, 47-49; 2004; 2003). Ideas concerning public policy and management, as the basic building blocks of knowledge and expertise, no matter 14 | Austerity and the Precarization of Everyday Life how anodyne and antiseptic the packaging, are anything but technical and apolitical. Keywords: apparatus; evidence; government; ideas; new; paradigms; policy; policy paradigms; power; process; public; role; state; state apparatus; structure
• The Dimensions of Passive Revolution by Fifi, Gianmarco (2019) - Gramsci; passive revolution; hegemony; critical political economy; critical theory Introduction One of the main theoretical references that critical scholars have relied upon in the last few decades in order to provide a non-deterministic 7 Gianmarco Fifi is a PhD candidate in the Department of Politics and International Studies at the University of Warwick. According to Peter Thomas, passive revolution for Gramsci meant ‘a distinctive process of (political) modernization that lacked the meaningful participation of popular classes in undertaking and consolidating social transformation’ (Thomas, 2013, 23). Keywords: capital; class; classes; fact; gramsci; hegemony; morton; order; revolution; roccu; sense; state; subaltern
• Complete Issue - Austerity and the Precarization of Everyday Life by Routes, Alternate (2019) - Aside from the socio-economic advantages to being unionized – higher wages, pensions and benefits, job security, training, transparency and due process – organized labour has a long history of shaping social policy in the interests of working class communities and strengthening the social wage – public services or benefits that people receive in supplement of their wages earned from work and Austerity Without End | 7 paid for by redistributing wealth through the tax system (Himelfarb and Himelfarb 2013). Ideas and social policy: An institutionalist perspective. Keywords: 2016; analysis; apparatus; austerity; canada; change; class; economic; economy; employment; everyday; government; gramsci; group; ideas; innovation; issues; justice; labor; labs; life; market; millennials; movement; new; non; ontario; people; policy; policy analysis; policy paradigms; policy process; politics; power; precarization; press; problems; process; public; report; representation; research; review; revolution; role; sector; sense; sils; social; state; submissions; time; union; university; wage; way; workers; working
• COVID-19, Capitalism and Contagion by Fanelli, Carlo ; Whiteside, Heather (2020) - In 2019, Statistics Canada (2019) came to similar conclusions, estimating that average Canadians received over $6,000 in public services, $4,000 in education, and close to $9,000 in direct COVID-19, Capitalism and Contagion | 11 cash transfers (e.g., unemployment insurance, Old Age Security, Guaranteed Income Supplement), including another $2,500 in other public services like housing, recreation, culture and environmental protection. The OECD ranks Canada 25th out of 37, behind even the US, when it comes to public spending on social services as a share of GDP, a trend connected to the decades-long assault on public services as avenues of profit accumulation through privatization, public-private-partnerships and other forms of marketization (Evans and Fanelli, 2018; Whiteside, 2015). Keywords: april; canada; canadian; capitalism; covid-19; economy; global; income; left; new; pandemic; percent; populism; power; right; services; state; tax; volume; world
• The Globalization Project in Crisis by McMichael, Phillip (2020) - On the other hand, political elites (already beholden to financial elites) use the threat of immigration, via racist appeals, to distract from root causes in global market volatility. Beijing’s bid for global power in the age of Trump. Keywords: austerity; capitalism; china; chinese; crisis; development; economic; food; global; globalization; international; market; new; power; project; public; state; trade; world; wto
• Exploring the Trajectory of Housing Assistance Policies in Canada by Careless, Jon (2020) - The evidence presented will thus reveal how the Canadian state undertook this transition towards housing policies marked by neoliberalism and financialization, as well as explain why the state in Canada was so susceptible to the influence of neoliberal ideas predicated on removing barriers to capital accumulation (i.e. privatizing public assets, removal of bureaucratic rules and oversight that impede the business class). Importantly, the evidence provided does not suggest housing policy was necessarily more effective during the welfare state-era at tackling the housing access and affordability problems experienced by the working class and by income poor families overall. Keywords: assistance; canada; canadian; capital; cmhc; government; haps; housing; housing policy; market; mortgage; neoliberalism; policies; policy; public; state; welfare
• Forever Idle: The Resilience of Colonial Ideas on Black Bodies by Afara, Nour (2020) - I highlight the question of falling behind and/or failing forward by tracing the failings of social policy and its impacts on Black bodies by conducting a cross-historical analysis of seventeenth-century South Africa, specifically travel diaries from European incursions and twentieth-century United States, specifically works of social policy. Beyond the everyday racism that Black bodies are subjected to, I argue that these discourses were used by the state to continue to manage them, therefore perpetuating the colonial project. Keywords: bodies; century; colonial; discourses; hottentots; idleness; moynihan; policy; queen; resilience; state; time; travel; welfare
• The Rowell-Sirois Commission and The Remaking of Canadian Federalism by Marshall, Robert (2022) - Building on findings from earlier federal and provincial commissions which looked at a diverse range of issues – from maritime freight rates to national finance – and reports generated by the newly minted Bank of Canada, it was only after powerful senior federal civil servant O.D. Skelton conveyed to the Prime Minister that “the disintegration of Canada is proceeding fast” (pg.5) did King grasp the seriousness of what was being demanded and the federal government succumbed to the pressure and appointed a Royal Commission on 14 August 1937 At the heart of the book is a detailed examination of the Commission’s formation, operation and recommendations. Keywords: canada; commission; federalism; government; state; university
• A Different Kind of State: Imagining Popular Power and Democratic Administration for the 21st Century by Evans, Bryan (2023) - A second Poulantzian concept, state administration, distinguishes between the traditional understanding of public administration where the machinery of the state is seen to be fragmented, politically neutral and technocratic but subject to the dominance of an elected and representative legislature with the observation that the state is instead subject to an expanding concentration of state power in the hands of the executive arm. Thus, not only does the executive become the site for the elaboration of state policy, but it is also becomes the principal actor in this process. Keywords: administration; barcelona; bologna; citizens; city; class; democracy; glc; government; non; participation; participatory; policy; power; process; public; state
• Neoliberalism and its Discontents: The Ideal of Liberation in the Context of Dialectical Tensions and Planetary Extremification by Colaguori, Claudio (2023) - The state of exception, a political condition initially explored by Schmitt (1996) is yet another manifestation of the transformation of classical liberal state into the neoliberal state. 87 “Neoliberalism is in the first instance of theory of political economic practices that proposes that human well-being can best be advanced by liberating individual entrepreneurial freedoms and skills within an institutional framework characterized by strong private property rights, free markets, and free trade… It must also set up those military, defence, police, and legal structures and functions required to secure private property rights and to guarantee, by force if need be, the proper functioning of markets.” Keywords: concept; domination; freedom; individual; individualism; law; liberalism; life; neoliberal; neoliberalism; new; order; power; press; rights; society; state; university
• Policing Black Lives: State Violence in Canada from Slavery to the Present by Lippman, Anna (2023) - “Though anti-Blackness permeated all aspects of Canadian society, Policing Black Lives focuses primarily on state or state-sanctioned violence (though at times this is complemented with an enlarged scope in instances where anti-Black state practices were buttressed by popular hostility, the media or civil society). Chapters one and two provide a sociohistorical context of Black life within and around Canada. Keywords: canada; maynard; state
• Crises and Austerity: The Political Economy of Post-Crisis Alternatives in Canada by Krubnik, Alicja Paulina; McBride, Stephen (2024) - In 2010, this was followed by austerity policies attempting to restore neoliberal normality which had been in place since the mid-1990s. This was quickly followed by austerity policies aimed at restoring neoliberal normality which had been in place for decades. Keywords: austerity; budget; canada; crisis; federal; government; income; ontario; pandemic; policies; policy; poverty; program; public; québec; social; spending; state; welfare
• Policing Indigenous Movements Dissent and the Security State by Nogaeva, Elena (2024) - www.alternateroutes.ca 3 ALTERNATE ROUTES: A JOURNAL OF CRITICAL SOCIAL RESEARCH The authors note that “a recurrent theme through this book, “traditional concerns” or “sovereignty concerns” is framed by the security state as a threat to extractive capitalism that requires surveillance and potential repression” (p. 234), coupled with “Canadian interests” in becoming an energy superpower clashed, leading to over policing, over-surveilling and over criminalizing Indigenous movements. The authors effectively presented the state's classified discourse on Indigenous movements, successfully delivering this critical information to the reader with clarity and depth. Keywords: authors; book; security; state
• “Stretcher Bearers of Society”: Social Work, Neoliberalism and Post-Pandemic Canada by Shewell, Hugh (2025) - Social work, as a profession, did not begin to emerge fully until 1942 and 1943 with the establishment of schools of social work at Université de Montréal and Université de Laval respectively. Both believed that social work practice had to be informed by research and that social work had a strong role to play in the development of social policy (Irving, 1992). Keywords: administration; canada; canadian; policy; practice; public; reform; schools; social; state; university; welfare; work; workers
• Climate Change, Coal and Cars: Commodity Fetishism in the Energy Transition in Indonesia by Glynn, Tracy; Maimunah, Siti (2025) - Indonesia is promoting the expansion of nickel mining as part of its green economy strategy and long-term economic development planning. Mining interests in Indonesia have also benefited from new laws and initiatives that prioritize attracting investments, including by categorizing nickel mining and processing as a national strategic project (Astuti et al. 2025) and the omnibus Job Creation Law passed in 2020 (JATAM, 2020). Keywords: capitalism; coal; colonial; commodity; country; development; economy; energy; et al; extraction; extractivism; global; indonesia; land; mining; nickel; nickel mining; power; production; resource; soeharto; state; world

• Free Transit and Social Movement Infrastructure: Assessing the Political Potential of Toronto by Schein, Rebecca (2010) - Free transit could represent a site of convergence between many distinct activist circles in the city and foster greater integration and collaboration between environmental advocacy, anti-poverty work, and diverse human rights organiza- tions. The invitation to imagine free transit is an invitation for transit riders to imagine them- selves not simply as consumers of a commodity, but as members of a public entitled to participate in conversations about the kind of city they want to live in. Keywords: assembly; campaign; city; movement; public; toronto; transit; workers
• On Knowledge Production, Learning and Research in Struggle by Choudry, Aziz (2011) - In their article on “movement-relevant theory,” Doug Bevington and Chris Dixon (2005) note that just as few activists read social movement theory, important debates inside move- ment networks often do not enter the scholarly literature about social movements. The dominant strands On Knowledge Production, Learning and Research in Struggle | 179 of social movement theory tend to be reductionist, Eurocentric, and disconnected from the social movements and organizations that are the objects of its study. Keywords: action; activist; apec; global; justice; knowledge; knowledge production; learning; movements; new; ngos; organizations; production; research; struggles; workers; zealand
• The Invisible Handcuffs of Capitalism: How Market Tyranny Stifles The Economy By Stunting Workers by Perelman, Michael (2011) - But if you look at the last decade, business got virtually everything it requested, but without much job creation. CF: You argue (p.29) that the promise of job creation drives the rhetoric of almost all economic policies. Keywords: capitalism; economists; michael; people; work; workers
• The Struggle for Equal Pay for Work of Equal Value by Lord, Stella (2013) - The women received only $25.00 a week in strike pay and this was due to run out after the tenth week. The Printers, for instance, were in a particularly bad situation because not only were they not receiving strike pay, but the UIC had ruled that because they were members of the same International as the stnikinc employees, they were ineligible for UIC payments.^ Christmas was approaching and the strike pay was running out. Keywords: arbitration; bargaining; case; company; examiners; local; pay; plant; strike; union; women; work; workers
• Wally Seccombe and D.W. Livingstone. "Down to Earth People": Beyond Class Reductionism and Postmodernism. by Shantz, Jeff (2013) - Presented are their views on class consciousness, racial and ethnic consciousness, gender conscious- ness and generational perspectives. Jeffrey Shantz Recently there has been much discussion and often acrimonious debate regarding the persistence of class, either as analytical category or as basis for identity, in the social transformations marking the contempo- rary era of 'postmodernity.' Keywords: authors; class; consciousness; workers
• A New Notion: Two Works by C.L.R. James by Whiteley, Paul (2013) - ISBN 978-1- 55266-391-2. Pages: 1-155. Reviewed by Paul Whiteley1 Queen’s University Born in Trinidad, living most of his life in the United States and in England, and an influence to Marxist and post-colonial theorists alike, C.L.R. James (1901-1981) remains one of the most inspirational activist scholars of the 20th century. In spite of the limitations of A New Notion as a publication, its release must still be welcomed as a con- tribution to the continuing presentation of activist theory, in particular that of C.L.R. James, to new generations. Keywords: james; notion; workers
• Negotiating Risk, Seeking Security, Eroding Solidarity: Life and Work on the Border by Santos, Madalena (2013) - Substantially, their research points to the contradictory processes that exist alongside the erosion of working class solidarity revealing traditional and non- traditional practices and possibilities for solidarity which has consider- able implications for the exploration of solidarity movements outside the workplace in all fields of study and political contexts. To deal with sexism, racism, and overburdening responsibilities, workers rely on individualized coping methods rather than collective solidarity. Keywords: experiences; solidarity; women; workers
• Raising Wages by Luce, Stephanie (2016) - Low wages and inequality are not just a problem for low wage workers. Whereas 20, or even 10 years ago, we heard that raising wages would lead to job loss and inflation, today, tech billionaires to the International Monetary Fund are worried about low wages and the impact of growing inequality on the macro-economy. Keywords: inequality; labor; living; minimum; movement; new; wage; workers
• Marx’s Theory of Working-Class Precariousness – And Its Relevance Today by Jonna, R. Jamil; Bellamy Foster, John (2016) - Marx, Braverman, Reserve Army of Labor, Precarious, Precariat In the last decade and a half the concept of worker precariousness has gained renewed currency among social scientists (e.g. Barbier, 2004; Vosko, 2000; Fudge and Owens, 2006). Most investigators define worker precariousness by reference to what workers lack: access to work; protection from arbitrary firing; possibility for advancement; long- term employment; adequate safety; development of new skills; adequate income; and union representation (see Standing, 2011, 10). Keywords: army; capital; class; conditions; employment; industry; labor; marx; new; population; precariousness; reserve; reserve army; theory; workers; working
• The Precarity Penalty: How Insecure Employment Disadvantages Workers and Their Families by Lewchuk et al., Wayne (2016) - This paper examines the social and economic effects of precarious employment in the Greater Toronto-Hamilton area. They also suggest that workers in precarious employment are more likely to experience social isolation. Keywords: benefits; employment; family; household; income; penalty; pepso; precarity; relationship; report; women; workers
• Living Wage Campaigns and Building Communities by Wells, Don (2016) - They focus on persuading individual employers to pay their employees a Living Wage, on getting city councils to adopt Living Wage policies for municipal employees, on mobilizing neighborhood business associations to adopt Living Wages, and on negotiating Living Wages as part of local employment provisions in “Community Benefit Agreements” with developers and officials building public infrastructure projects in the community (Galley, 2015). Much of the strategy of Living Wage campaigns in Canada, the US, Britain and elsewhere centres on a `business case’ and on local economic development. Keywords: campaigns; canada; community; hamilton; living; living wage; minimum; poverty; university; wage; workers
• Rethinking Precarity and Capitalism: An Interview with Charlie Post by Cummings, Jordy (2016) - This is the only road to the revival of workers powers today. Clearly, the percentage of industrial workers has fallen – as it has since the 1890s as a result of mechanization and a rising rate of surplus-value. Keywords: capitalism; labor; movement; power; time; workers
• Recomposing the Casual Class in Precarious Times by Caraway, Brett (2016) - The lack of security among precarious workers has contributed to rising income inequality and social unrest in many OECD countries (Law Commission of Ontario, 2012). Organizing precarious workers: Workers’ centres open their doors. Keywords: canada; class; employment; ict; industry; information; labor; new; sector; social; struggle; wages; workers
• Destructive Creation by Coral, Mireille; Noonan, Jeff; Chislett, Paul (2016) - Precarious workers are the victims of capitalist success in undermining historical gains. It was actually through a friend of mine.” STREET LABOURERS: A UNION OF MUTUAL AID While precarious labour makes organizing even more dangerous, it is also a spur to creative resistance on the part of precarious workers. Keywords: capitalism; conditions; creation; gas; life; new; people; struggle; windsor; workers; working
• Just Work?: Migrant Workers’ Struggles Today by Ruiz-Chapman, Tania (2017) - Pages: 264. Reviewed by Tania Ruiz-Chapman1 Just Work: Migrant Workers’ Struggles Today is a collection of articles edited by Choudry and Hlatshwayo that highlights the difficulties that migrant workers face around the world. As demonstrated throughout the collection migrant workers are subject to gross human rights violations compounded by the dynamics of racialization which construct migrant workers as less than human as compared to local populations. Keywords: collection; programs; social; workers
• Building Justice in the American Labor Movement by Koenig, Biko; Woodly, Deva (2019) - You have LPNs [licensed practical nurses] who are higher wage workers in the nursing home who will get small raises, who'll say, ‘I can't do my job next when I've got people next to me who are working double shifts, or two jobs.’ We should note that many union workers are not necessarily interested in questions of labor justice as we discuss them: “I think some of our best nurses, our activist nurses, get it Keywords: 2016; american; discourse; economic; justice; labor; labor justice; labor movement; members; movement; new; organizing; people; seiu; union; wage; workers
• Democracy in Troubled Times by Noonan, Jeff (2020) - The paper examines liberal democracy as a contradictory social formation. The democratic side of liberal democracy is largely a result of these struggles. Keywords: conditions; democracy; liberal; life; people; power; public; rights; rule; workers
• Defending Public Services: Canadian and Colombian Workers on the Frontlines by Cameron, Kelti; Casselman, Louisse; Hoogers, Evert (2020) - The potential role for Colombian public sector unions in rebuilding the labour movement should not be underestimated. Workers in Canada learned that Colombian public sector workers were deprived of their rights to collective bargaining and to strike and faced unjust dismissal and blacklisting. Keywords: canada; canadian; colombia; frontlines; initiative; public; rights; sector; services; solidarity; trade; union; workers

• PERIPHERALIZATION OF THE CENTRE: W(H)ITHER CANADA? REVISITED by Broad, Dave (2010) - New York: New York University Press. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, pp. 21-42. Keywords: canada; new; press; toronto; work; world
• Canadian Health Care: Privatization and Gendered Labour by Armstrong, Pat (2011) - PA: The best defence of public health care is popular support and we need to mobilize that support more than ever because we are facing a huge threat. She has pub- lished on a wide range of issues related to gender, health care and work . Keywords: armstrong; care; health; pat; public; women; work
• Articulation, Cultural Studies, and Education by Jhally, Sut (2011) - They talk in really heavy theoretical ways, and you look around the room and most people are dozing off because they have no idea what people are talking about. Essentially it was asking those same questions, which is ‘what’s the relationship between this activity, which seems to be not an economic activity or a key economic activity, and what people thought was real economic activity in the workplace?’ Keywords: education; people; research; studies; things; time; way; work; world
• Neoliberalization and the Matrix of Action: In Conversation with Neil Brenner, Jamie Peck, and Nik Theodore by Brogan, Peter (2012) - This insight certainly provides some purchase on contemporary neoliberalization patterns in cities—but insofar as such property markets are also, today, tightly connected to global financial markets and instabilities, they certainly no longer provide the kind of “safe haven” from crisis tendencies that they appeared to offer during previous rounds of economic crisis. According to this idea, in a time of crisis, capital floods into the built environment as a potentially safe refuge – so urban property markets may experience particularly intense investment pressures precisely under conditions of industrial decline. Keywords: action; crisis; institutional; kind; local; neoliberalism; neoliberalization; scale; urban; work
• Whitmore, Elizabeth, et al. by Pich, Christine (2012) - al.’s edited book provides an important col- laborative space for multiple voices to creatively share and reflect upon what they understand as effectiveness and success and the importance of recognizing everyday successes that do not neatly fit into concrete outcomes. This relates to the central theme of the book, that is, in attempting to understand what constitutes ‘successful activism’ in complex contexts, there is no ‘right answer’ or ‘best practice’ when undertaking social justice oriented work. Keywords: book; social; work
• Social Mobility: A Critical Approach by Mayer, Jan (2013) - I INTRODUCTION: THE MEANING OF MOBILITY The theory of social mobility, Goldhaner informs us in the INTER- NATIONAL ENCYCLOPEDIA 0? The subject of social mobility is an element in the more general study of social selection--the distribution of people into positions in social structures, with positions in turn varying in terms of three major scarce and desirable social rewards: income (or material goods), prestige, and power. Keywords: class; duncan; individuals; lipset; mobility; social; society; status; stratification; structure; system; terms; work
• John Porter: Braverman and Beyond by Porter, John (2013) - Most of this compilation of materials - studies of work, labour force statistics and other things - we knew before. Many of the things said about the degradation of work, or the character of work, have been criticized through various art forms, if not sociology, and certainly Taylorism has been subject to ridicule for a very long time. Keywords: braverman; work
• Problematizing the Issue of Cultural Appropriation by Hladki, Janice (2013) - I want and need to insert some lucidity and cogency to my wrestling with the issue of cultural appropriation as I also attempt to make space for continuous/contiguous questioning and an ongoing state of mulling and puzzlement. My focus is on cultural appropriation as it has been addressed inthepast three to four years in the context of Canadian cultural production. Keywords: appropriation; cultural; culture; dominant; issues; native; new; politics; power; problematizing; questions; relations; resistance; social; white; work
• Anthropology and the Invention of Deconstruction: A Brief Survey by Dufresne, Todd (2023) - It is not, of course, that Derrida is the signified truth of deconstruction. In what follows, I will underscore and briefly survey some of the places where deconstruction is directly or indirectly addressed by anthropologists, with particular emphasis on the invention of culture literature; critically evalu- ate this work, noting how and where I think it succeeds and/or fails; indicate where a better appreciation of Derrida's work can help resolve some hesitations about the deconstruction of culture; and finally, delimit the Alternate Routes, Volume 12, 1995 Alternate Routes, Volume 1 2, 1995 politics of disciplinarity and what I am calling the anthropological invention of deconstruction. Keywords: anthropology; chicago; culture; deconstruction; derrida; hanson; invention; maori; politics; press; tyler; university; work
• From Advocates to Experts: Feminist Therapy with Women in Prison by Balfour, Gillian (2013) - This changed, however, in 1988, when prisoner Mar- lene Moore hung herself in the infirmary of Kingston's Prison for Women (at the time the only federal penitentiary in Canada for women serving sentences of greater than two years). Women organized informal networks of shel- ters and safe houses for women in crisis and their children. Keywords: abuse; balfour; control; counselors; experiences; feminist; prison; therapists; therapy; violence; women; work
• Where the Forest Meets the Highway by Patterson, Mike (2013) - Chemins Aliernatif Where the Forest meets the Highway 1 Mike Patterson Introduction How something as elemental as music and cerebral as computers can be combined was part of the focus of my MA thesis on Native music in Canada (the coming together of two worlds for Native people, and the weaving together of two worldviews on many levels As we are locked into time together on the Net (the tyranny of the here and now [Fulford, 1998|), the IT conventions of measuring and meeting digital time globally become that much more different than that of Native people, who traditionally reckon time from the space around them, the earth and the stars. Keywords: alternate; c o; canada; indian; knowledge; nations; net; new; o u; people; power; press; space; technology; time; volume; work; world
• The Changing Configurations of Inequality in Post-industrial Society:Volunteering as a Case Study by Martin, Fiona (2013) - It also considers whether volunteer work can be explained according to the prevalent logic that it strengthens one's sense of place and purpose in the community/' Ultimately, this paper explores the possibility' that humanitarian vol- unteer work is, instead, a response to increasingly polarised social and economic inequality. Although comprehensive studies in the United States have begun to ask why self-interest is the most common logic currently drawn on to make sense of volunteer work (Eliasoph. Keywords: bauman; bus; community; food; kids; life; oldies; people; poverty; program; society; street; volume; volunteers; welfare; work
• Working in a Warming World: On Climate Change and Union Renewal with Carla Lipsig-Mumm by Rousseau, Christina (2013) - Cr: There is a lot of talk about the creation of green jobs. But there’s no consensual definition of green jobs. Keywords: change; climate; environmental; jobs; people; unions; work
• Beyond Education, Brains and Hard Work: The Aspirations and Career Trajectory of Two Black Young Men by James, Carl E. (2015) - In fact, as Trevor said, “all of the Black students in the school were on the sports team, whether it was basketball, volleyball, or track and field”4 and some of them were in special education classes “for behavioural or academic reasons” – classes in which Black students tend to be over-represented (see Toronto District School Board, 2010). It might be said, then, that for Black students, and males in particular, attending an “urban” racially diverse school with committed and aware teachers is likely to lead to better educational experiences compared to attending middle class suburban schools with uninformed and uncommitted teachers. Keywords: career; community; education; kobe; neighbourhood; neoliberalism; school; students; teachers; toronto; trevor; university; work; youth
• Beyond the First Rung: An Interview with Jim Silver by Cummings, Jordy (2015) - Many young Aboriginal people see no point in struggling to succeed educationally. This is a huge problem in western Canada, especially as regards Aboriginal people, who historically have had many negative experi- ences with education, and who continue to face discrimination in the labour market. Keywords: city; community; education; housing; income; people; poverty; winnipeg; work
• Critical Education and Insurgent Pedagogies: An Interview with E. Wayne Ross by Fanelli, Carlo (2015) - International students pay about $12,000/year tuition to attend BC public schools, which is about twice as much as the provincial grant for Canadian students in public schools; Public school districts are now allowed to create private, for-profit business companies to set up overseas schools staffed by BC certified teachers teaching the BC provincial curriculum as a way to make up for inadequate govern- ment funding; Inadequate funding from the province has pushed local parent groups into more and more fundraising and made schools more vulnerable to corporate incursions, which include advertising and corporate-branded private grants to support core curricular as well as extra-curricular school activities. He has published more than 20 books and over 200 articles, book chapters, essays, and reviews on curriculum studies, social studies education, teacher education, and critical pedagogy. Keywords: education; forum; funding; government; neoliberalism; power; public; rouge; schools; students; studies; teachers; teaching; university; work
• Paved With Good Intentions: Canada by Santos, Madalena (2015) - In their view, humanitarian NGOs provide assistance for short periods of relief efforts such as during natural disasters, for example, while development NGOs try to alter the fundamental ways in which societies are organized. They distinguish between development NGOs and humani- tarian NGOs, although they devote less space to the latter. Keywords: authors; development; ngos; work
• THE SCIENCE AND HUMANISM OF STEPHEN JAY GOULD by Careless, Jon (2016) - A principal strength of this book is its capacity to communicate Gould’s ideas in a way that is not overly technical, but still establishes how Gould’s theories contributed to a humanist understanding of evolutionary science. Establishing this point is the central thrust of this informative, well-written account of Gould’s career as a preeminent “paleontologist, evolutionary theorist, historian of science, and prolific writer. Keywords: gould; theories; work
• Do Efforts to Mitigate Gentrification Work? Evidence from Washington DC by Gallaher, Carolyn (2017) - When I was writing my book, I struggled to see past the problems the neoliberal elements of TOPA caused, even though I knew many tenants were able to use TOPA to stay put. The city also offers financial assistance for low income tenants going through the TOPA process, including bridge loans to help tenants’ associations cover acquisition costs while long-term financing and grants are arranged to help individual tenants pay closing costs on their units. Keywords: buildings; city; d.c; gentrification; housing; social; tenants; topa; units; washington; work
• The Quantitative Tactics Used to Delegitimize a Right to the City Social Justice Movement in Bogotá, Colombia by Ritterbusch, Amy E. (2018) - Los testimonios de abuso de autoridad y violencia policial son un ejemplo de esta falta de complemento…(All methodologies, whether qualitative or quantitative, have limitations. Additionally, the authors focus primarily on the presentation of quantitative counter analyses to demonstrate how “la intervención pudo tener efectos positivos para la ciudad y la zona específica de influencia de El Bronx (the intervention could have had positive effects for the city and the specific zone of 264 | Social Inequality and the Spectre of Social Justice influence of ‘El Bronx),” a statement that can also be interpreted as politically motivated (Tobón and Zuleta, 2017, 6). Keywords: bogotá; bronx; homeless; justice; los; olla; parces; report; research; rights; social; violence; work
• Just Transition in the Construction Industry: A Union’s Campaign to Create Jobs by Promoting Climate Change Upgrades in Buildings by Calvert, John (2023) - It then outlines an earlier effort in British Columbia to initiate MI energy audits – an effort which, although unsuccessful, provided the model for Local 131’s initiative. Sherrard began performing MI energy audits after taking a thermography course sponsored by the International Union in 2017 and a Level 1certification course at Toronto’s Infrared Training Center. Keywords: audit; building; climate; construction; contractors; energy; hvac; insulation; insulators; local; program; savings; school; union; work
• Pursuing the Unachievable: Examining Worker Burnout in Ontario’s Public Employment Services by Bromfield, Sheldon M.; Kanyogonya, Virginia (2024) - Born to burnout: A meta-analytic path model of personality, job burnout, and work outcomes.” The working conditions include intense EO job demands, time pressures, work overload, and a general lack of adequate job resources to meet these demands. Keywords: burnout; clients; demands; employment; eo specialists; job; model; resources; service; social; specialists; targets; work; worker

• In and Out of Crisis: The Global Financial Meltdown & Left Alternatives by Fanelli, Carlo (2010) - Albo, Gindin and Panitch remind the reader that the classical meaning of crisis is turning point, to which they ask: Has the crisis marked a turning point in the balance of class power and the organization of the state? He can be reached at cfanelli@connect.carleton.ca In And Out Of Crisis: The Global Financial Meltdown and Left Alternatives 172 Alternate Routes: A Journal of Critical Social Research Fortunately, the authors have preemptively summarized the outline of the book (p.25): ‘Chapter one explores whether or not we are currently witnessing the end of neoliberalism; chapter two engages in current debates regarding the nature of capitalist crises, and the relationship be- tween the state, finance and production in a neoliberal era; chap- ter three traces the historical process through which, over a cen- tury punctuated by previous cries, the American State and finance developed in tandem, and came to play a new kind of imperial role at the centre of global capitalism; chapter four traces the de- velopment of the crisis that began in 2007 and explains the active role of the American state, both under Bush and Obama, in con- taining the crisis in ways that reproduced the structures of class inequality and power domestically and internationally; chapter five analyses how the relationship between industry and finance played itself out in the auto sector, bringing to the fore the full class dimensions of the crisis; chapter six reflects on the impasse of the North American labour movement and the implications for the North American Left; and Chapter seven tries to think creatively about alternatives, not least in terms of how advancing the case for democratic economic planning, including the nation- alization of the banks and auto industry, must become integrated with demands for immediate reforms.’ Keywords: albo; class; crisis; left
• Can Global Capitalism Be Saved? by Li, Minqi (2010) - This is the basic political question confronting global working classes. It is the global semi-periphery (China, India, Russia, and Latin America) that could prove to be the focus of global capitalist contradictions. Keywords: accumulation; capitalist; china; class; classes; crisis; economy; global; growth; humanity; percent; profit; working; world
• Embourgeoisement or Proletarianization? by Marshall, Stan (2013) - , the test to prove embourgeoisement would be to prove that the acquisition of incomes and living standards by manual workers similar to white collar workers would lead to the adoption of a new social outlook and new social norms that are middle class. In this sense, the determinants of income for middle class are linked to the head of the family's job and career; while working class affluence is dep- endent upon the wife's job and career. Keywords: capital; class; function; labor; middle; new; process; proletarianization; worker; working; working class
• Towards a Marxist Theory of Transition by Smith, Chuck (2013) - But at any rate the main, point I wish to make is only that new productive forces were not immediately forthcoming as an inevitable result of changed relations production. As Bettelheim puts it the development of the productive forces in every country is to some extent conditioned by world production relations. Keywords: class; conditions; dominant; forces; formation; level; mode; production; relations; structure
• Leo Panitch: Braverman and Beyond by Panitch, Leo (2013) - There is another criticism of Braverman--he doesn't talk enough about class struggle. Braverman has an understanding of society's dynamic being composed of class struggle so deep that it suffuses his work and he doesn't constantly have to keep crying class struggle. Keywords: braverman; capitalism; class; marx
• Science as Capitalist Ideology: The Sociology of Max Weber Reconsidered by Nelson, Randle (2013) - Scientist Weber provides citizen Weber with a solution to this problem, the leader with charisma. [Taylor 1945, p. 160] The Bethmann conscience that helped shape Max Weber's Germany is precisely what Weber advocates and encourages as he develops his sociology. Keywords: arrangements; bismarck; bureaucracy; capitalism; charismatic; class; germany; ideology; max; new; objective; political; power; science; sociology; value; weber; york
• Indigenous Women and Capitalist Exploitation: Response to Jesse Russell by Bourgeault, Ron (2013) - The discussion centred on Indian women and the Indian Act. Finally, 145 Russell contends that I portray Indian women as apathetic, ignorant, and physically unaggressive. Keywords: class; indian; russell; women
• Historical Materialism By Cross-Sectional Survey Design: The Limits of E.O. Wrights Study of Class Structure by Hubka, David (2013) - While Wright's efforts are specifically and admirably in the interests of 'grand theorizing' (i.e. viewing class structures as macro-level societal properties), his research focus is on micro- level mechanisms related to individual class positions (pp. In his most recent work, Wright (1989) considers a full range of the many criticisms directed at his conceptualization and analysis of class structure. Keywords: analysis; class; history; marx; production; relations; structure; theory; wright
• Property Rights and Communication by Reddick, Andrew (2013) - The contemporary ^^ debate about communication and information policy has become limited to a religious-like mantra from the proponents of the liberal market place. These types ofservices include electronically based information services, distance education, health, libraries, home shopping, E-mail, government information, games and entertainment, among others. Keywords: access; canada; canadian; claims; class; communication; decision; government; groups; industry; information; information society; interest; issues; making; market; new; ofthe; policy; property; public; relations; rights; society; view
• The 'Premeditated' Creation of the 'Violent' Female Offender In Canada by Dell, Colleen Anne (2013) - Though limited counter-research exists in the area, a 1989 study of fed- erally sentenced women in Canada, as part of the Federally Sentenced Women Initiative, concluded a 'type' of violent crime committed by women and a 'type' of female violent offender does not exist (Sugar and Fox. 1990). For example, normative sexuality ...helps to legitimate the ideology that women are dependent on men for their sexual and economic well-being, denigrates women's relationships with other women, and subjects them to continued domination by men (Messerschmidt, 1986:34). Keywords: canada; class; crime; criminal; evil; female; feminist; justice; new; offender; patriarchy; power; society; system; theory; violence; volume; women
• Learning Without Sages? Reflections on by Harden, Joel D. (2015) - My second source was “popular education”, a pedagogical approach that has challenged passive models of student learning. Students often do not want to learn and teachers do not want to teach. Keywords: class; course; education; educators; learning; new; pedagogy; students; teaching; time; university
• Building the Commune: Radical Democracy in Venezuela; Decolonizing Dialectics by Mooers, Colin (2018) - There are currents within both feminist and anti-racist Marxism today that specifically reject the idea that capitalism can be understood in terms of class relations at the point of production. Equally problematic is the idea that class agency requires a force or will originating outside these social positions. Keywords: capitalism; ciccariello; class; dialectics; maher; race
• Unpacking the Alberta Advantage through an Intersectional Lens: Social Class, Gender and Minority Groups in Alberta by Durou, Guillaume ; Maroto, Michelle ; Brown, Delphine (2023) - Our research seeks to understand the extent of that so-called advantage by examining the intersection of social class, gender, race, marital status and immigrant status for two distinct periods – before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. By using those two datasets, we shed a light on the dynamics of inequality and rethink social class in the West. KEYWORDS: Social Class; Intersectionality; Alberta; Inequality; Gender; Minorities Introduction In 2019, United Conservative Party of Alberta candidates, including the former Premier Jason Kenney, claimed to want to “bring back” and “renew” the proverbial Alberta Advantage, a concept popularized during the Ralph Klein era. Keywords: advantage; alberta; canada; canadian; categories; class; ethnicity; gender; identity; immigrant; income; inequalities; inequality; intersectionality; research; status; women

• Democracy and the Public University by Chomsky, Noam (2011) - So is it reasonable to think that public universities, specifically, have a democratic function? My strong suspicion is that the attacks on public universities, including things like tuition, quite possibly came out of this whole sort of mentality. Keywords: economy; funding; public; research; students; universities; university
• Stabilizing Privatization: Crisis, Enabling Fields, and Public-Private Partnerships in Canada by Whiteside, Heater (2012) - Many of the long-standing problems that accompany P3 projects were made even worse by the recent global financial crisis. P3 units promote and evaluate these projects and act as repositories of knowledge which facilitates policy learning by building government expertise surrounding the com- plex bidding, negotiation, and operational phase of P3 projects (Rachw- alski and Ross, 2010). Keywords: canada; canadian; fields; financing; infrastructure; making; market; model; new; ontario; p3s; partnerships; policy; privatization; projects; public; sector
• Austerity is Bad for Our Health: Gender and Distributional Impacts of Ontario by Block, Shelia (2012) - The burden of reductions in public services, loss of public sector employment, and privatization of public sector employment falls more heavily on women than on men. Because of the role of public sector employment in women’s working lives; it will also erode gender equity in the province. Keywords: health; impact; income; public; sector; services; women
• Pressuring the Canadian State for Women's Rights: The Role of the National Action Committee on the Status of Women by Morris, Cerise (2013) - The problems for public interest groups with limited financial resources have been summed up by Goldstein (1979:139): Since they represent no special interests, they are unlikely to possess any - 95 - automatic source cf financial support and must scramble for money where they can. Pressure groups, or public-interest groups as they are often called, are organizations whose members act together to influence public policy in order to promote their common interest (Pross, 1975:2). Keywords: canada; canadian; government; groups; members; nac; national; organization; policy; pressure; public; status; women
• NEWSFORUM: Conference Report by Rideout, Vanda (2013) - As consumption for cultural products increases it should mean an increase for cultural creators but in Canada this will not happen without the state, cultural policies and cultural content. Atherton explained how newspapers work against the reporting of cultural policy because reporters who cover this area often have other priorities. Keywords: communication; policy; public
• Evading Accountability for Industrial Disaster: An Analysis of TNC Strategies by Dodd, Susan (2013) - The scapegoating strategy was successful at least with American Carbiders — long-time employees in towns built on Union Carbide work —When re- minded of the Bhopal disaster, a Carbider always replies that the cause was sabotage at a plant operated by Third World foreigners (Lepkowski, 1 994: 25). With many medical professionals frightened offby the violence and a subsequent raid on a clinic that had been set up on Union Carbide property, voluntary work, especially relief in Bhopal, [was] literally at a standstill (Visvanathan, 1986: 160). Keywords: accountability; american; bhopal; canadian; carbide; cassels; commission; compensation; control; disaster; evasion; law; ocean; ocean ranger; odeco; ofthe; public; ranger; rig; royal; safety; tnc; tncs; tort; union; union carbide; victims
• Walking the Dog: An Urban Ethnography of Owners and their Dogs by Patterson, Mike (2013) - Almost immediately I found that cyclists complain about the dogs, dog owners complain about the cyclists, people with young children complain about both, picnickers try to maintain the integrity of their ter- ritory, and joggers compete with cyclists and dogs for space in most of these parks. May 29, 1900, in support of the enforcement of a tax on dog owners. Keywords: animals; behavior; cat; chemins; city; data; day; dog; dog owners; dog park; dogs; experience; field; glebe; home; human; kathleen; leash; letter; life; like; ncc; neighborhood; new; ottawa; owners; park; peaches; people; pets; press; public; research; routes; run; sanders; self; society; study; territory; think; time; use; volume; walking; way; woman; years
• The Corporate Corruption of Academic Research by Brownlee, Jamie (2015) - I provide a detailed analysis of how corporate influence has corrupted academic research, from the selection of research topics, to research secrecy, through to how conflicts of interest and research bias influence the collection and release of information. I conclude by locating the corruption of academic research in the fundamental antagonism between corporate and academic institutions, while advancing the need for radical changes to the corporate-academic research interface. Keywords: academic; canadian; conflicts; corporatization; drug; education; funding; industry; interest; journal; knowledge; medical; medicine; new; percent; public; research; researchers; universities; university
• Neoliberalism, Its Effects on Saskatchewan, and a Teacher Educator by Orlowski, Paul (2015) - New directions in Saskatchewan public policy. New directions in Saskatchewan public policy (pp. 73-90). Keywords: canada; canadian; cuts; democratic; education; government; issues; media; neoliberalism; new; party; policy; province; public; saskatchewan; social; students; tax; teacher
• Neoliberalism and the Attack on Education: An Interview with Henry A. Giroux by McLean, Heather (2015) - The apostles of neoliberalism, on the other hand, want to eliminate the critical function of public education on all levels and they are working hard to transform these institutions into disimagination factories. The attempts to colonize the arts as an extension of neoliberal public pedagogy and repression testi- fies to how cultural apparatuses have become increasingly responsible for the darkness that surrounds us. Keywords: academics; attack; education; neoliberalism; public
• Neoliberal Standardization and Its Discontents: An Interview with Diane Ravitch by Bailey, Christopher (2015) - DR: The key features of neoliberal education reform are 1) a heavy reliance on standardized testing; 2) a willingness to eliminate collective bargaining and tenure; 3) a hostility to public education as such; 4) a preference for privately managed charter schools; 5) support for attacks on the teaching profession, including hostility to tenure and profes- sionalism; 6) support for alternate routes into teaching like Teach for America, whose recruits have only five weeks of training and typically leave after 2-3 years in the classroom. This movement clearly will under- mine public education by taking funding from public schools to support privately managed schools and cyber schools, as well as harming teacher professionalism. Keywords: education; movement; public; schools
• Does Participatory Budgeting Lead to Local Empowerment? The Case of Chicago, IL. by Pin, Laura (2017) - In 2010 PB Chicago was formed, and by 2016 the process had expanded to $6.2 million dollars of infrastructure funding in seven different wards. In addition, although many volunteers with the PB process had pre-existing connections to the aldermanic office, some residents reported in interviews becoming more comfortable and knowledgeable about contacting the alderman’s office, findings that are also supported by survey data collected by PB Chicago (Crum et al. 2013). Keywords: budget; budgeting; chicago; community; empowerment; funding; government; participatory; policy; process; projects; public; residents; scope; staff
• Social Innovation Labs: A Neoliberal Austerity Driven Process or Democratic Intervention? by Joy, Meghan; Shields, John ; Cheng, Siu Mee (2019) - This requires finding out, to use a Blairist turn of phrase, ‘what works’; to push for new ways of thinking about social problems, to use the market in creative ways to fund and find solutions, and to approach social policy solutions in a pragmatic apolitical fashion. While SILs theoretically open up interesting possibilities regarding participatory policymaking and the involvement of grassroots civil society, the question is whether SILs address issues of values and power that lie at the root of wicked social policy problems (Rittel & Webber, 1973). Keywords: austerity; government; innovation; labs; non; policy; policymaking; problems; profit; public; sector; shields; sils; social; solutions

• Qu by Fidler, Richard (2011) - | 147 québec Solidaire: A québécois Approach to Building a Broad left party Richard Fidler1 A number of attempts have been made in recent years to launch new parties and processes, addressing a broad left or popular constitu- ency, that are programmatically anti-neoliberal if not anti-capitalist, some of them self-identifying as part of an international effort to create a “socialism of the 21st century.” Sporadic attempts were made in the 1980s to build new parties of the left, but without lasting success. Keywords: approach; convention; election; independence; left; members; movement; national; new; party; program; quebec; québec solidaire; québécois; social; solidaire; sovereignty; support; trade; ufp; unions
• The Politics of Probability by Heiple, Philip (2013) - In this way probability theory could be viewed as a source for social theory inductively drawn from frequency distributions (recall Snizek's (1975) finding that mode of analysis determines theoretical perspective). The logical theory of probability is not in use in the social sciences, Unsuccessful attempts have been made to formulate social probability along the lines of the logical theory. Keywords: alternate; analysis; methods; new; probability; probability theory; reality; science; social; sociology; system; theory; time; university; world; york
• Knowledge and Power by White, Robert (2013) - Following this, he argues for the necessity of teacher autonomy combined with greater input from pupils, such that the definition of curriculum knowledge will lie with the main protagonists in the educational process. Thorough analysis of the linkages between the school, state and economy is beyond the scope of this paper, but a sketch of some of the ways outside agencies influence public school curriculum can be provided. Keywords: analysis; approach; classroom; classroom knowledge; curriculum; educational; knowledge; learning; power; process; school; social; society; study
• Queering 'Madness': Possibilities of Performativity Theory by Quehl, Nadine (2013) - There is also potential for performativity theory to be applied to men- tal disorders, such as 'dissociative identity disorder' (DID) and 'border- line personality disorder' (BPD), both of which rest on the assumption that the 'normal' self is a unified, coherent and singular being. Applications ofPerformativity Theory: Queering 'Mental Illness? ' Turning from how performativity has been understood by Butler and Csordas, we will now reflect on how one might apply this theoretical approach to the study of 'mental illness,' or the experiences of those diagnosed with 'mental disorders.' Keywords: butler; csordas; disorder; example; identity; illness; new; performance; performative; performativity; self; social; subject; theory; volume
• The Gramsci-Foucault Nexus and Environmental Sociology by Stoddart, Mark C.J. (2013) - The large discrepancies in social power between environmental claims-makers and the corporate and state actors in environmental conflict are rarely problematized. It also draws our attention to the intimate connection between the opera- tion of social power at micro and macro dimensions. Keywords: conflict; discourse; environment; foucault; gramsci; hall; hegemony; knowledge; nature; power; social; sociology; theory
• Toronto Alles Uber: Being Progressive in the Age of Progressive Conservative Urbanism by Keil, Roger (2017) - – Clarence N. Stone 2015 Introduction: Tory Rides the Subway A sweaty Toronto Mayor John Tory emerged from a Kipling subway station in the west end of the Ontario city in the morning of September 7, 2016 to declare that the ride that he had taken along the entire Line 2 subway was “uncomfortably hot”. Nowak, P. (2015b, November 2) Toronto Mayor John Tory on how to make a smarter city. Keywords: alles; austerity; city; economy; ford; john; john tory; keil; left; mayor; new; politics; progressive; regime; right; social; toronto; tory; uber; urban; urbanism
• Living on the Margins: Economic Security Among Senior Immigrants in Canada by Mandell, Nancy; Lam, Larry; Borras, Jana; Phonepraseuth, Janice (2018) - Immigrant economic performance: A new paradigm in a changing labour market. For senior immigrants, income divergence tends to be most distinct among recent immigrants, disabled immigrants, older immigrants who arrived as seniors, and female migrants who live alone (Dalgleish, 2008; Keywords: ale; canada; canadian; employment; female; government; housing; immigrants; income; inequality; life; living; money; participants; security; senior; social; years
• Neoliberal Salvation Through a Gendered Intervention: A Critical Analysis of Vulnerable Young Women’s Talk by Cross, Ruth; Warwick-Booth, Louise (2018) - The social 1 Ruth Cross is Course Director for Health Promotion at Leeds Beckett University and holds a PhD in the social construction of risk and young women’s health. Neoliberalism; Gender; Youth; United Kingdom; Inequality Introduction and Background This paper presents data from an evaluation which explored the impact of a gender-specific intervention designed to support young women (Project X). Keywords: control; data; gendered; health; intervention; policy; project; self; social; vulnerability; women
• The World Market, ‘North-South’ Relations, and Neoliberalism by Jessop, Bob (2018) - World market integration is a contradictory process. Colonialism and Imperialism The preceding analysis may give the impression that the world market emerged mainly through commerce, the development of world money, the extension of the credit system, and the drive of industrial capital to expand its 210 | Social Inequality and the Spectre of Social Justice export markets. Keywords: accumulation; capital; capitalist; development; global; marx; money; north; production; relations; social; south; states; world; world market
• Spreading Protests: Changing Paths of Transnationalization of Social Movements by della Porta, Donnatella (2020) - Social movement studies explained the emerging transnational social movement organisations, global protests, and cosmopolitan framing as triggered by economic, social, political, and cultural globalisation. In sum, the Global Justice Movement influenced the anti-austerity protests through the development of collective memory (Daphi and Zamponi 2014; della Porta et al 2018) and, filtered from the latter, also impacted on the most recent wave of global protests against social and political inequalities. Keywords: austerity; della; della porta; diffusion; global; justice; movement; new; porta; protests; social; transnational
• Marx, Capital, and the Madness of Economic Reason; The Ways of the World by Noonan, Jeff (2021) - Gorz’s main point: capitalism reduces the world and human life to a one- dimensional economic reason which treats both as quantified inputs into a process that must expand or die. Human life is the product of billions of years of physical, chemical, and evolutionary processes. Keywords: capital; capitalism; harvey; life; marx; social; world
• In the Ruins of Neoliberalism: The Rise of Antidemocratic Politics in the West by Ramos, Andrew (2022) - The text raises the point that actually existing neoliberalism deforms its theoretical legacy, and revises Brown’s 2015 hit book by shifting from a macro-economic lens to a refined criticism of Hayekian neoliberalism. She argues that Hayekian neoliberalism destroys the social as a concept and reduces democratic political power, and that it replaces these two processes with a conflation of traditional morality and market freedoms. Keywords: brown; neoliberalism; social
• Governing the Social in Neoliberal Times by Tremblay, Naty ; Duran, Rosa; Reinders, Kathryn (2022) - While the book could have benefitted from a more nuanced, intersectional approach to unpacking neoliberal governmentality, Governing the Social provides a strong foundation in Foucault’s core ideas, concepts, and applications that may spur further critical analytical work and continue building the consciousness required to understand the consequences of power, privilege, and inspire everyday acts of resistance. Divided into three sections, Governing the Social features a wide array of case studies which illustrate how specific practices of neoliberal governmentality have shaped the West over the last four decades. Keywords: book; governing; governmentality; social
• Québec Solidaire’s New Party-Movement Model: Stronger Organizational Power at the Cost of Deeper Democracy and Structural Power by Pépin, Christian; Laurin-Lamothe , Audrey (2024) - The blurring frontiers between political parties and social movements are most recognized and researched by the literature on “movement parties” (Cervera-Marzal, 2018; Della Porta et al., 2017), defined as parties influenced by the modes of organization, ideologies, and repertoire of action of social movements. We begin by presenting a critical literature review on movement parties and QS. Keywords: action; campaigns; left; mass; members; mobilization; model; movements; new; parties; party; politics; power; québec; québec solidaire; social; solidaire; strategy
• The ‘Contained Critique’ of the Anti-poverty Advocacy Community and Ontario’s ‘Inclusive’ Liberal Agenda by McKeen, Wendy (2025) - In the past three decades, governments and many social poverty advocates in Canada, and elsewhere, have embraced an ‘inclusive’ liberal model of social policy, known for its activist, employability orientation. It draws from assemblage theory to focus on how their work served to ‘contain the critique’ of neoliberalism, limit the conditions for possibilities of ‘thinking otherwise’, and recasting the meaning of social policy, equity, social justice, and possibilities for meaningful change. Keywords: advocacy; assistance; community; graefe; income; new; ontario; policy; poverty; recipients; report; security; social; toronto; welfare; working

• Crisis and Opportunism: Public Finance Trends from Stimulus to Austerity in Canada by Stoney, Christopher; Krawchencko, Tamara (2012) - It is clear from this analysis why the revenues of the Ministry have increased 2 In 2004, the Ministry was composed of Transport Canada, the Canadian Transportation Agency (a regulatory agency) and the Transportation Appeal Tribunal of Canada. This figure does not include funds leveraged by other orders of government - e.g., through the creation of stimulus programs requiring matching grants, which, in the Canadian case are a signifi- cant amount (Department of Finance Canada, 2009). Keywords: austerity; budget; canada; canadian; crisis; cuts; deficit; department; development; federal; government; infrastructure; measures; policy; resources; spending; stimulus; years
• Austerity and Aboriginal Communities: An Interview with David Newhouse by Fanelli, Carlo (2012) - There is an incredible movement within Aboriginal communities to use ideas, practices, theories, etc from our own intellectual heritage as the basis for everyday life, including organizational and community lives. It will be a challenge for Aboriginal communities to develop institutions that can effectively mediate between these two approaches. Keywords: canadian; communities; education; funding; government; peoples; policy
• The Dominion Government as Gatekeeper to the Canadian Ethnic Mosaic by Glenday, Daniel (2013) - Industrialization from above though did not have a sufficiently profound impact on rural Quebec society until well into the second decade of the twentieth century. By accepting Guindon's explanation of ethnic pluralism and the basis for structural strain in Quebec society for the period leading up to Confederation, we might well ask what happened to this surplus rural population since we know that the rural system 'survived' until well into the mid-twentieth century. Keywords: canada; canadian; dominant; french; government; group; manitoba; new; population; quebec; society; west
• Approaches and Responses to Climate Change: Challenges for the Pantanal and the Upper Paraguay River Basin by Augusto Rosotto Ioris, Antonio (2013) - This situation represents not only a significant obstacle for doing social sciences research on climate change responses, but the slow imple- mentation of those measures in the region also suggests that the Pantanal wetland and the UPRB remain relatively marginalised in the formulation of environmental policies and even in the environmental diplomacy between Brazil, Bolivia and Paraguay. That is the case of the Pantanal, a large tropical wetland located in the Upper Paraguay River Basin (UPRB), in the centre of South America, where a range of responses are being devised to cope with the negative impacts of climate change. Keywords: adaptation; approaches; bolivia; brazil; climate change; countries; development; entitlements; governance; government; impacts; justice; management; national; pantanal; paraguay; policies; policy; region; responses; river; uprb
• Can You Build an Open-Pit Mine in an Urban Centre? Big Copper Versus a Small City and the Urban Environment in a B.C. Interior Community by Kading, Terry; Bass, Elisabeth (2013) - These potential detrimental effects have raised significant concerns for Kamloops city council, having devoted considerable time, planning and resources to an alternate vision for the city since 2003. Initially under Abacus it was emphasized that “If any one of the levels of government says no, this project will not go ahead,” including Kamloops city council and the Thompson-Nicola Regional District. Keywords: ajax; centre; city; community; environmental; forestry; government; health; investment; kamloops; kghm; mining; pit; project; proposal; resource; sector; services
• Capitalism in the Classroom: The Commodification of Education by Fanelli, Carlo; Evans, Bryan (2015) - CAUT Almanac of Post-Secondary Education in Canada. The Political Economy of Post-Secondary Education: A Comparison of British Columbia, Ontario, and Québec. Keywords: capitalism; classroom; education; fees; government; neoliberalism; new; ontario; percent; sector; students; tuition; university; volume
• From Being an Entrepreneur to Being Entrepreneurial: The Consolidation of Neoliberalism in Ontario by Newstadt, Eric (2015) - “Public Policy in Ontario Higher Education: From Frost to Harri.” From Being an Entrepreneur to Being Entrepreneurial | 145 From Being an Entrepreneur to Being Entrepreneurial: The Consolidation of Neoliberalism in Ontario’s Universities Eric Newstadt1 ABSTRACT: Keywords: canada; economy; education; entrepreneurialism; faculty; government; market; neoliberal; neoliberalism; new; ontario; policy; programs; research; students; universities; university
• Giorgia Meloni and Gray Neo-Fascism: A Conservative Party of the Right in Power by Galbo, Joseph (2024) - At Colle Oppio Meloni was part of a hobbit camp revival that occurred in Rome in the early 1990s. Giorgia Meloni and Gray Neofascism: A Conservative Party of the Right in Power Joseph Galbo1 ABSTRACT: Keywords: anti; berlusconi; d’italia; european; fascist; fratelli; giorgia; giorgia meloni; government; history; italian; italy; meloni; msi; mussolini; neofascism; new; oppio; party; past; politics; post; right; war

• The Myth of Canadian Exceptionalism: Crisis, Non-Recovery, and Austerity by Stanford, Jim (2012) - The exceptionalist claim that Canadian banks were somehow inherently immune from the global meltdown is refuted; the success of the Canadian financial system in traversing the global meltdown reflects state policy, not any embedded advantages of Canadian banks. PARt iii: undERStAndinG CAnAdiAn FinAnCiAl StABility An influential stream within the broader ideology of Canadian exceptionalism is the myth that Canadian banks were blameless in the events of the 2008-09 financial crisis and the resulting recession. Keywords: banks; canada; canadian; employment; gdp; growth; population; rate; recession
• Climate Change and Crisis: In Dialogue with Simon Dalby by Wrye, Jen (2012) - Simon Dalby2 (SD): In general environmental programs may have suffered but clearly European states remain much more concerned about environmental matters than at least the federal governments in both the U.S., given Republican agendas, and Canada, given the Conservatives’ agenda. JW: How ideologically driven are cuts to environmental spending, Can- ada’s abandonment of Kyoto commitments, etc.? Keywords: austerity; canadian; change; climate; things
• CANONS, PUBLISHERS, AND LITERARY NATIONALISM: TOWARD A SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE by Chunn, Ian (2013) - However, what finally produced the official recognition of English literature in the universities was the belief, promoted first by Adam Smith, that the study of the English language and its literature could be treated as an academic discipline, rather than as a simple exercise in the selective reading ofgreat literary' works of the British past. ... While those who control the U.S. scene may seem small in number, in Canada it amounts to little more than university teachers of English who profess some degree of interest in Canadian literature. Keywords: canadian; canons; chicago; literature; national; press; university
• Richard Collins, Culture, Communication and National Identity: The Case of Canadian Television by Hubka, David (2013) - In overview, Collins' rejection of Canadian nationalism (or assumptions thereof) is the basis of his rejection of policy objectives to support cultural identity through a national broadcasting system. Collins identifies a central, long-standing objective of Canadian broadcasting policy to strengthen cultural identity. Keywords: canadian; collins
• Rebellious Responses to the Walmartization of Canadian Higher Education by Potter, Garry (2015) - In my view, the key issue is the situation of contract academic faculty. The fact that unanimity is rarely achieved even amongst Senators from other faculties other than SBE and that SBE has strong sympathies with a neoliberal vision, means that the Senate can achieve little in terms of putting a brake upon the present direction in which we are headed. Keywords: canadian; education; faculty; iprm; laurier; neoliberal; ontario; process; students; teaching; time; universities; university; walmartization
• Escape from the Staple Trap. Canadian Political Economy after Left Nationalism by Marshall, Robert (2017) - Gordon, T. (2010) Imperialist Canada. Of course, both Innisian and Marxian inspired Canadian political economy approaches varied greatly. Keywords: canada; canadian; dependency; economy; kellogg; toronto
• “The Elders Said if We Stop Fishing We Will Die, We Will No Longer Exist”: Hannah Arendt’s Black Holes, Canadian Corporate Mining Impunity, and Indigenous Narrative Resistance by Bowman, Norah (2018) - The assumption that Canada is essentially humanitarian explains why external and internal analysis of Canadian foreign policy often presents Canadian corporate human rights violations as “confused, rooted in a misunderstanding of the region, or as a simple expression of our subordinate relationship to the United States” (Gordon and Webber, 2016, 3). Of the mining resources listed on the TSE, many are located on the homes of indigenous people living in colonial states. Keywords: arendt; canada; canadian; community; holes; human; impunity; land; mining; people; resistance; rights
• The Forgotten Ones: Drug Overdose Death's Since COVID-19 by Pirrone, Fina (2025) - The Forgotten Ones: Drug Overdose Death's Since COVID-19 Fina Pirrone1 ABSTRACT: Drug overdose deaths had become a matter of concern leading up to the year 2019 but became strongly overshadowed once the pandemic was declared. In addition, previous research showed that safe injection sites were not effective in reducing the curve of drug overdose deaths. Keywords: canada; canadian; covid-19; deaths; drug; opioid; overdose

• A Critical Assesment of Media Studies by Balkaoui, Janice (2013) - In returning to this literature, it is possible to draw out a series of confirmed propositions about media effects which can lead to further inquiries. Secondly, the relationship between media effects and stratification has not been adequately explored. Keywords: analysis; approach; communication; content; control; effects; mass; media; ownership; power; press; research; society; sociology; studies
• Language, Power, and Politics: Revisiting the Symbolic Challenge of Movements by Mason, Dominique (2013) - Yet, for all the talk about discursive hegemonies and iden- tities, interpretive frames and other fightin' words (Johnston, 1 992), social movement theory has tended to by-pass the analysis ofthe specifics ofmovements meanings—or, paraphrasing Stain (1992:96), the social semiotics ofprotest. It endeavors to contribute to the current re-evaluation of the role played by interpretations and representations in movement activity, strategy, and politics by bringing to bear on social movement theory some propositions developed within a European tradition 3 oflanguage studies, and Massort/ Language, Power and Politics in particular by scholars identified with critical perspectives on language and discourse. Keywords: action; analysis; challenge; discourse; language; meanings; melucci; movements; new; ofthe; politics; power; practices; press; relations; struggles; symbolic; theory; university; ways
• Resisting Subjection, Subjected Resistance: Sadomasochism, Feminism, Moral Regulation and Self-Formation by Robinson, Phil (2013) - The stance taken by Hopkins is premised on his acceptance of the radically honest, demo- cratic model of consent developed within SM communities (1994: 127). For all intensive purposes, SM communities can be charac- terized by voluntary associations with others who share similar interests in sadomasochistic sexual consumption. Keywords: communities; feminist; lesbian; politics; position; power; practitioners; sadomasochism; self; sex; volume; women
• The Possibility of Pleasure: Foucaulfs Philosophy of the Subject and the Logic of an Appeal to Aesthetics by Smith, Robyn (2013) - Human subjects require a truth and an ethic because their finitude is the source of all pos- sible knowledge, particularly as this lends modem subjects the justifi- able claim to perfectible knowledge. 2 Foucault's analysis of autonomous fields of discourse and his analy- sis of modem subjects constituted along the axis of a truth, an ethic and power are mutually re-enforcing to his philosophy of the subject. Keywords: finitude; foucault; knowledge; man; modem; power; subject
• Small Causes, Large Structures. A New Look at the Roots of Social Inequality in Human Societies by Baldus, Bernd (2018) - Marx, Weber, Durkheim, Sociology, Inequality This paper assumes that social inequality is one possible outcome of a fundamental social dilemma: how to distribute the results of collective, cooperative activities among the contributors. He has taught and published in the field of social inequality for more than 40 years. Keywords: american; causes; change; history; inequality; inequality structures; new; percent; power; research; societies; sociological; sociology; structures; time; wealth
• Making Sense of Italian Populism: The Five Star Movement and the Lega by Galbo, Joe (2020) - Populism as political communication style: An empirical study of political party discourse in Belgium. Beppe Grillo wants to bring the membership of the M5S into direct participation with political power and redress a democratic deficit through digital means, but this strategy has its own contradiction, as I will discuss. Keywords: grillo; italy; lega; m5s; movement; new; parties; party; people; politics; populism; power; right; salvini

• War on Terror Via a "War of Words": Fear, Loathing, and Name-Calling In Hollywood's War's In Afghanistan and Iraq by Pandey, Anjali (2011) - Can films produced in the decade since 9/11 be implicated in such reactions? outlining tHE RESEARCH FoCuS While in any analysis of film, the context of filmmaking is as per- tinent to the analysis as the content of the film per se, the scope of the current paper impels a particular focus on filmic content—in partic- ular, linguistic choices. With such consistent and predictable verbal and visual bombardment in current film, it becomes easy to see just what little effort it takes to rile citizens over Koran-burning or mosque building in the ‘home- land’. Keywords: 9/11; analysis; audiences; decade; director; et al; film; filmic; form; hollywood; insult; language; people; pictures; post; producers; research; strategies; struggles; terror; times; usa; use; war; wars; words
• Imaginaries and Realities, Utopia and Dystopia by Potter, Garry (2011) - However, as the project progressed it became clear that I simply could not present the dystopian vision and argument without engaging with potential strategies for dealing with the problems With respect to many of the dystopia thesis’s individual compo- nents, many people have provided far gloomier assessments than I. I tended to be rather cautious with predictions of catastrophe and apocalypse. utopiAn viSionS And dyStopiAn REAlitiES Vision. Keywords: dystopia; future; knowledge; people; present; problems; production; system; thesis; vision; world
• Twenty-First Century Socialism and the Global Financial Meltdown: In Conversation with Michael Lebowitz by Wetmore, Rebekah; Romard, Ryan (2012) - This emergence of new capitals and new forms of production pro- vides a basis for a structural crisis — in other words, a crisis which is the result of the changing structure of capital. By fictitious capital, we mean the capital invested in various vehicles which, while linked ulti- mately to the fortunes of real capital within the spheres of production and circulation, takes on a life of its own. Keywords: canada; capital; capitalism; crisis; marx; people; production; socialism
• Reflections of the Reproduction of Dictatorship in Iran: Communication and Dictatorship by Behnia, Behnam (2013) - In 1941 the Soviet Union and British armies invaded Iran and Reza Shah, who sympathized with Hitler and opposed the Allies' plan of sending supplies to the Russian front through Iran, abdicated in favour of his son Mohammad Reza (Halliday, 1979:24; Wilber, 1986:131). Reza Shah secularized the judiciary and educational system of Iran that were in the hands of clergy. Keywords: communication; dictatorship; dowreh; groups; iran; iranian; islamic; khomeini; new; people; politics; press; regime; revolution; shah; society; system; university; voice; york
• Millenialism and Y2k by Patterson, Mike (2013) - As reported in a local paper, front page: At a Chamber of Commerce meeting, people were told that Y2K failures could start with the beginning of 26 Volume 17, 2001 Chemins Alternatifs the new fiscal year in Canada, Japan and New York State on Apr. 1, followed by the new year in the remaining 49 U.S. states starting July 1 (requiring systems to make fiscal projections into 2000). (Nicol, P.H. 1999. 'Y2K failures could start this April' in the ****** Advance, Feb. 3: 1). Keywords: chemins; data; ice; information; like; media; new; ottawa; people; research; routes; storm; technology; time; volume; world; y2k; year; zeke
• Talk of Inventing Tradition: Sketching Limitations of Anthropological Concepts of Culture by Miller, Brian P. (2013) - Culture found its way into my life through the relocation of my body to designated areas where culture was contained, erected, even illustrated, for my gaze and absorption, rearranging my perceptions and awareness, and readying me for a specific kind of experience. Culture concepts are strong and embedded in discourse and meaning. Keywords: anthropological; anthropology; culture; experience; journal; new; people; routes; sahlins; understanding; volume; world
• The Other Side of the Market: social governance in neoliberal world order and the economy of passive mitigation by Young, Kevin (2013) - On the contrary, such markets for treatment may be relatively minor when the total burden of social governance is considered. Urban pollution has stimulated a burgeoning market for indoor air purifiers; the deterioration of access to public goods such as water utilities has meant the growth of new markets for private goods, such as bottled water; increased mental anxiety has meant new markets for pharmaceuticals and self-help literature and so on. Keywords: capitalism; economy; expansion; governance; life; market; mitigation; new; order; people; press; production; treatment; volume; world; york
• Indigenous Takes On Environmentalism: An Interview on the Front Lines of Indigenous Land Defense by Kinch, Megan (2013) - We’re still finding out ourselves, but we need to utilize other peoples, the revo- lutionary schools of thought, I guess, Marxism? 260 | Climate Change and Its Discontents affiliated with “environmental justice” movements in Canada have been trying to address previous shortcomings by putting solidarity with indigenous people at the forefront, but it hasn’t gathered the kind of support that mainstream environmentalism used to enjoy, nor has it been able to define what exactly that solidarity means. Keywords: environmentalism; kaikaikon; land; people; struggle
• Climate Change and Socialism: An interview with John Bellamy Foster by da Silva, Steve (2013) - Marx’s approach here, in which he introduced the concept of social metabolism and connected this to the earth metabolism anticipated the structure of all subsequent ecological systems theory and our under- standing of ecological crisis. The Vice President of Bolivia, Álvaro García Linera, has drawn on Marx’s metabolism concept in his discus- sion of ecological issues. Keywords: capitalism; carbon; change; climate; marx; nature; people; rift
• Against Housing: Homes as a Human Life Requirement by Noonan, Jeff; Watson, Josie (2017) - While the development of social rights in the twentieth century ameliorated to some extent (in the wealthiest capitalist countries) the gross deprivations of the Industrial Revolution and Victorian capitalism, they do not contest the dynamics of the capitalist system as a whole, its prioritization of private profit of comprehensive and universal need satisfaction, or legitimate the mobilization of oppressed and exploited and alienated themselves to transform the structures that cause systematic need-deprivation in the first place (Wood 2002: 130-1). The report criticised Canada for the “absence of a national housing strategy; inadequate housing subsidy within the social assistance benefit; shortage of social housing units; increased evictions related to rental arrears; increased numbers of homeless and lack of homelessness prevention; shortage of emergency 150 | Austerity Urbanism and the Social Economy shelters; laws that penalize people for being homeless; lack of adequate housing for people with psycho-social and intellectual disabilities; and the poor housing conditions of Canada’s indigenous peoples” (Monsebraaten 2016). Keywords: forces; health; homelessness; homes; housing; life; need; people; problem; requirement; rights; space
• Disability and Social Equality: The Centrality of Independent Living by Carpenter, Sandra (2018) - 5 Inspired by the Ralph Nader consumer movement in the USA, in our case people with disabilities were reconceptualised as ‘purchasers’ of disability services and supports denoting more power over the quality of outcomes of those services and supports. They were social enterprises, and objective proof of both the equal capacity for self-determination on the part of people with disabilities and that the deepest problem we faced was not physical disability, but socially imposed barriers. Keywords: community; disabilities; disability; equality; living; people; school; services; years
• Against the Commodification of Water by Fioret, Cameron (2018) - Against the Commodification of Water | 289 The privatization of water has also exacerbated California’s ongoing challenges with water usage. Water, treated as common property, would overcome the denial of water to those who cannot afford their water bills because the necessity of water for human life would be realized and placed above profit-making, and thus not denied on the basis of the ability to pay. Keywords: necessity; ownership; people; rights; risse; use; water
• Re-Thinking Struggle: Starting From Story by Ferguson, Bruce (2018) - Our measure of medium term success would attempt to bring the average statistics of Indigenous people to the same rates as the average Canadian and that would indeed be a success that both Canadians and ourselves could celebrate. Challenges to the existence of Indigenous peoples in Canada relate more to dispossession rather than genocide (although cultural genocide could be a result). Keywords: experience; identity; mainstream; people; politics; stories; struggle; system; thinking; today

• Missing Women, Missing News: Covering Crisis in Vancouver by Boyd, Ryan (2012) - In a critical analysis of the racial component of the state’s culpability of endangering sex workers, Hugill’s study finds that only thirteen of 157 newspaper articles acknowledged that a significant proportion of missing women were Aboriginal (p. 47). Hugill pays special attention to who is speaking on behalf of missing women and prostitutes and their perceived credibility. Keywords: crisis; hugill; sex; women
• The Collusion with Patriarchy: A Psychoanalytic Account by Hamilton, Roberta (2013) - The social reproduction of heterosexual men and women who place unequal value upon masculinity and femininity implies its corollary: that a whole range of needs, feelings, attitudes, desires and behaviours have had to be repressed in the process. The resolution of these two oedipal dramas will determine the biological maturation of the child and its subsequent entry into 'human' society through the incorporation of the parents' social standards. Keywords: child; development; father; freud; horowitz; mother; penis; repression; society; women
• Response to "The Development of Capitalism and the Subjugation of Native Women in Northern Canada" by Russell, Jesse (2013) - Indian women cannot share the same strategies used by white women because of their eco-centric world-view. After ten years of experience working alternatively with white women's centres (Rape Crisis etc.) and working on Reserves with Indian women, I felt a strong urgency to address the inherent incompatability between the white women's feminist movement and the unique position (i.e. subjugation) of Indian women. Keywords: indian; women
• Silence on Same-Sex Partner Abuse by Browning, Catherine (2013) - Among these speculations, lesbians may have particular concerns for their community's external and internal image, resist challenges to their notion of a 'lesbian Utopia' and their gendered analyses of partner abuse, and may be uncertain how to act on the problem of lesbian partner abuse. First, because most factual and theoretical writing on this subject has focused on personal perceptions and institutional response to lesbian partner abuse, individual and social categories effectively captured that information. Keywords: abuse; gay; interview; lesbian; partner; silence; violence; women
• The Body Deferred: Reconsidering Feminist Approaches to Embodiment by Enns, Diane (2013) - To circumvent it, Braidotti advocates an epistemological and a political distinction between 'woman' and 'feminist' (1993:8); that is, between real women, speaking from a multitude of different locations, and feminist women, who must unite for political reasons. Just what kind of body is this, and how many kinds are there? Keywords: body; butler; gender; subject; subjectivity; women
• Staging and Profiling: The Constitution of the Endometriotic Subject in Gynecological Discourse by Whelan, Emma (2013) - The questions which I begin to address here are: How have endometriosis patients been defined through the use of the 4fk R-AFS classification and the typical patient profile? How do definitions of endometriosis patients constructed via these two codifications compare with the ways in which endometriosis patients are de- fined within patient movements? Keywords: afs; afs classification; american; classification; endometriosis; fertility; groups; new; pain; patient; profile; society; treatment; women
• Hegemonic Masculinity, Male Peer Support and Sexual Aggression: Future Research Directions by Sinclair, Roberta Lynn (2013) - Sexual assault is multidimensional in nature: the victims of sexual assault include people who are married, single, widowed, and dating (e.g., Allison and Wrightsman, 1993; Stets and Straus, 1989); defini- tions of sexually coercive acts are broad ranging (e.g., DeKeseredy and Hinch, 1991; Schwartz, 1997); the effects of sexual assault (Arata and Burkhart, 1996; Koss, 1985) vary as much as the characteristics of the perpetrators (e.g., Malamuth and Dean, 1991; Rapaport and Posey, 1991). As sexual coercion researchers interested in the dynamics of male youth and sexual assault, the research agenda is twofold: i) to determine the extent of ado- lescents victimized by male sexual aggression, and ii) theoretical devel- opments must be made in order to better reflect adolescent experience with sexual aggression. Keywords: assault; college; dekeseredy; male; masculinity; peer; research; support; university; women
• From Matka Polka to New Polish Woman by Seibert, Anita (2013) - It is believed that the discussion of the models of womanhood existing in contemporary Poland will bring the reader closer to an understanding of the specific cultural environment in which contemporary Polish women negotiate their identity, while at the same time avoiding some of the dif- ficulties encountered by Western academics studying Polish women. Alh unite Routes Work In Progress From Matka Polka to New Polish Woman Anita Seibert Introduction This article aims to provide a brief analysis of the main issues related to the socio-cultural status of Polish women, both prior to and after 198°. Keywords: children; church; communist; contemporary; eds; feminist; matka; models; poland; polish; polka; volume; women
• Bodying Black Goddesses:The Duty of Representation Across Time and Cultures by Provost, Terry (2013) - White definitions of Black bodies and of Black ways of being—i.e., oversexed, diseased, subhuman, inferior— continue to be mass-pro- duced in images and re-internalised in popular culture. Certain contemporary portrayals of Black female deities which visually magnify the naked body conjure images of Black women from the Trans-Atlantic period. Keywords: art; artist; black; bodies; body; colonial; culture; female; images; new; nude; race; representation; routes; stereotypes; thorsen; time; venus; volume; white; women; woolnough; york
• Resistance Behind Bars: The Struggles of Incarcerated Women by Jaremko Bromwich, Rebecca (2013) - The text then uniquely discusses active steps women in prison take to challenge and change their condi- tions, from the formation by women in prison of peer education groups, the clandestine making of arrangements for children to visit mothers to prison rebellions and uses of the media by woman prisoners in raising public awareness about their lives. Reviewed by Rebecca Jaremko Bromwich1 Carleton University Victoria Law’s book Resistance Behind Bars: The Struggles of Incarcer- ated Women is an account of the agency of women prisoners in the United States produced by an abolitionist scholar. Keywords: book; prison; prisoners; women
• RECODING GENDER: WOMEN’S CHANGING PARTICIPATION IN COMPUTING by Mackin, Jennifer (2016) - ISNB: 978-0-262-01806-7. Pages: 1-247. Reviewed by Jennifer Mackin1 The call for women’s increased representation in computer science has been resonating in the halls of government, industry, and academia for nearly thirty years. In Recoding Gender: Women’s Changing Participation in Computing, Janet Abbate recovers this rich history by retelling the narratives of women’s participation in computer science from the Second World War (WWII) to the late twentieth century. Keywords: science; women

• European Capitalism: Varieties of Crisis by Schmidt, Ingo (2010) - European Capitalism: Varieties of Crisis 82 Alternate Routes: A Journal of Critical Social Research What media commentators fail to mention is that EU core countries were eager to get Greece on board the EMU to underscore the country’s strategic position and get some level of control over its merchandise fleet. Presenting experiences from a number of EU countries, this article will look at centre – periphery relations, macroeconomic imbalances and the design of the EMU as key factors that can explain why speculative attacks against an economically small country like Greece, contributing about 2.5% to the EU’s total GDP, translated into a severe crisis of European capitalism (European Central Bank 2010). Keywords: capitalism; countries; crisis; deficits; emu; european; export; germany; greece; growth; ireland; world
• Profit Pathology and Disposable Planet by Parenti, Michael (2011) - What is now at stake for them is something more proximate and more urgent than global ecology; it is global profits. Ecologically sustainable forms of production threaten to compromise such profits, the big producers are convinced. Keywords: business; cost; market; planet; profit; world
• Tully, John. by Braun, James (2012) - From the Amazon rubber boom to the rise of synthetic rubber production in World War 2, Tully documents the history of rubber production and processing “inex- tricably bound up with the rise of capitalism, imperialism and moder- nity” (p.345). His study of rubber production and processing begins with the early industrial revolution in Britain, but is primarily focused on the birth and growth of the pneumatic tire industry in Akron, Ohio. Keywords: history; rubber; tully; world
• Sociology, Philosophy and Materialism by Denis, Wildred (2013) - Using Thomas Kuhn as a starting point, I shall review some of the literature on sociological theory, indicating the major difficulties of discussing social theory while omitting any philosophical dimen- sion. My position essentially is that social theory cannot be fully understood without its philosophical roots. Keywords: assumptions; keat; knowledge; kuhn; marx; new; paradigm; philosophy; positivist; problem; reality; science; sociologists; sociology; theories; theory; urry; world
• Mature Marx: The Case Against an Epistemological Break by Mayer, Jan (2013) - Philosophy (as a bourgeois activity) was for Marx unscientific; the nature of reality, society and history had to be examined scientifically--it could be said, then, that as he developed he merely became more scientific, more systematic. This quotation, taken along with Marx's other theses on Feuerbach, such as his critique of contemplative materialism as stopping at isolated man or human essence conceived of outside the aggregate of social relations and objective activity, sums up his attitude to idealist philosophy in general, as well as his dissatisfaction with Feuerbach 's anthropological humanism. Keywords: conditions; marx; production; value; world
• Book Review: Taking Our Informants Seriously by Blair, Derek (2013) - On the other hand, when the anthropologist is subjected to such extraordinary experiences, he/ she often ends up disregarding it as inappropriate data. First, it provides accounts ofanthropologists who havehad extraordinary experiences, or have chosen to seriously consider extraordinary accounts experienced by their informants. Keywords: anthropologists; anthropology; essay; experience; goulet; ofthe; world; young
• Nationalism by Ernest Gellner by Sorge, Antonio (2013) - Antonio Sorge Ernest Gellner's last book, Nationalism, was published post- humously in the final months of 1997, and provides a refine- ment of his erudite account of the origins of nationalism. The only thing essentially distinguishing the Is- lamic world's nationalism (by the use of the term nationalism in this context, Gellner presumably means Islamic fundamen- talism) from European nationalism is the lack of severance be- tween faith and culture. Keywords: gellner; nationalism; stages; time; world
• Hakim Bey's Millenium by Shantz, Jeff (2013) - Bey covers a broad sweep of issues ranging from the publicity surrounding his earlier publi- cations and the place of political radicalism in media circles, to his pre- occupation with the revolutionary potential of everyday life (7). In the years since the publication of T.A.Z., Bey's work proved both immensely influential and controver- sial. Keywords: bey; capital; nationalism; religion; resistance; world
• Brazilian Dystopia: Development and Climate Change Mitigation by Potter, Garry; Chen, Jun Mian; Hilal, Nazar (2013) - We can see the effects of global climate change beginning to emerge in unusual weather patterns and the increased frequency of hurricanes, droughts and floods. Soil organic carbon has a potential rate of sequestration of up to 3 billion tons of carbon per year (Fairlie, 2012, p.1).Finally, it must be observed that Brazil’s cattle raising and beef export industry has expanded dramatically in recent years (see Figures 3 and 4 below) and thus is another significant Brazilian factor that is increasingly contributing to global climate change. Keywords: amazon; beef; brazil; brazilian; carbon; cattle; change; climate; climate change; co2; countries; deforestation; development; dystopia; emissions; environmental; forest; forestry; global; nations; production; rainforest; right; thesis; world
• Global English in the Wake of the Collapse of Globalism by Ives, Peter (2020) - Drawing on recent empirical findings, this article argues that the advent of global English is fundamentally related to the massive presence of English as a mandatory subject in national public school-systems throughout the world. Engaging the Bakhtin Circle and the Frankfurt School and Language and Hegemony in Gramsci as well as numerous articles and book chapters on the politics of ‘global English.’ Keywords: education; english; global; ives; language; nation; politics; press; university; world

• The Vanishing Point: Humanity, Vision, and Value Theory in the Age of Economic Globalization by Tejani, Riaz (2013) - Thus a turn to reconcile modern with postmodern Marxism by considering the subaltern must realize that the erasure of most subal- terns, save for the few (call them hybrid 'subaltern-elites') who are able to at least negotiate Western value systems, precludes them from ever speaking on the matter. Castree's third way is to look at heterogeneity within value theory through a kind of incision made by Spivak. Keywords: capital; culture; economy; human; ideology; nature; production; subject; use; value; volume
• Austerity Urbanism and the Social Economy by Fanelli, Carlo; Tufts, Steve (2017) - Seeing the problems of cities as part of this broader shift towards austerity urbanism, however, is valuable because it reveals the larger political and economic drivers of these problems that go beyond more particular issues such as antipathy towards taxes, over-spending or the salaries of municipal workers. Of course, manifestations of austerity urbanism vary across diverse contexts. Keywords: austerity; economy; fanelli; javascript; new; routes; university; urbanism
• Cuba Beyond the Beach: Stories of Life in Havana. by Calnitsky, Naomi Alisa (2017) - Cuban street culture and its impact on female visitors also inform training for her students, before they might encounter the ubiquitous piropos and groseros, or flattering and aggressive remarks (57). The second chapter explores Cuban sound culture and the author is its keen anthropologist. Keywords: book; city; cuba; economy; havana
• Understanding the Business of Global Media in the Digital Age by Lamoureux, Samuel (2019) - The authors offer an interesting comparison 1 Ph.D. student in media studies, Faculté de communication, Université du Québec à Montréal. The following chapters deal with the six lenses to rethink the business of global media. Keywords: business; economy; media
• The Political Economy of a Modern Pandemic: Assessing Impacts of COVID-19 on Migrants and Immigrants in Canada by Shields, John ; Abu Alrob, Zainab (2021) - The Political Economy of a Modern Pandemic | 137 138 | Work for Change The Political Economy of a Modern Pandemic | 139 140 | Work for Change The Political Economy of a Modern Pandemic | 141 https://www.migrationpolicy.org/about/staff/kate-hooper https://www.migrationpolicy.org/about/staff/camille-le-coz 142 | Work for Change The Political Economy of a Modern Pandemic | 143 144 | Work for Change https://policyoptions.irpp.org/authors/yolande-bouka/ The Political Economy of a Modern Pandemic | 145 146 | Work for Change The Political Economy of a Modern Pandemic | 147 148 | Work for Change The Political Economy of a Modern Pandemic | 149 150 | Work for Change The Political Economy of a Modern Pandemic | 151 152 | Work for Change https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/2020-03-23/coronavirus-exposed-americas-authoritarian-turn https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/2020-03-23/coronavirus-exposed-americas-authoritarian-turn The Political Economy of a Modern Pandemic | 153 https://theconversation.com/migrant-workers-face-further-social-isolation-and-mental-health-challenges-during-coronavirus-pandemic-134324 https://theconversation.com/migrant-workers-face-further-social-isolation-and-mental-health-challenges-during-coronavirus-pandemic-134324 https://theconversation.com/migrant-workers-face-further-social-isolation-and-mental-health-challenges-during-coronavirus-pandemic-134324 https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/05/opinion/coronavirus-social-distancing.html https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/05/opinion/coronavirus-social-distancing.html https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/may/07/black-people-four-times-more-likely-to-die-from-covid-19-ons-finds https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/may/07/black-people-four-times-more-likely-to-die-from-covid-19-ons-finds https://www.lowyinstitute.org/the-interpreter/covid-19-not-only-health-crisis-it-s-migration-crisis/ https://www.lowyinstitute.org/the-interpreter/covid-19-not-only-health-crisis-it-s-migration-crisis/ https://policyoptions.irpp.org/authors/yolande-bouka/ https://policyoptions.irpp.org/magazines/may-2020/canadas-covid-19-blind-spots-on-race-immigration-and-labour/ https://policyoptions.irpp.org/magazines/may-2020/canadas-covid-19-blind-spots-on-race-immigration-and-labour/ https://ccrweb.ca/sites/ccrweb.ca/files/migrant-workers-2016.pdf https://ccrweb.ca/sites/ccrweb.ca/files/migrant-workers-2016.pdf https://www.newyorker.com/news/our-columnists/lets-protect-and-reward-workers-who-are-keeping-america-going 154 | Work for Change https://www.newyorker.com/news/our-columnists/lets-protect-and-reward-workers-who-are-keeping-america-going https://www.newyorker.com/news/our-columnists/lets-protect-and-reward-workers-who-are-keeping-america-going https://www.catalyst.org/research/people-of-colour-in-canada/ https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/toronto-postal-code-covid19-1.5586860 https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/toronto-postal-code-covid19-1.5586860 https://www.eventbrite.com/e/pandemic-borders-webinar-covid-and-solidarity-tickets-104155909128?utm_source=eventbrite&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=event_reminder&utm_term=eventname https://www.eventbrite.com/e/pandemic-borders-webinar-covid-and-solidarity-tickets-104155909128?utm_source=eventbrite&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=event_reminder&utm_term=eventname https://www.eventbrite.com/e/pandemic-borders-webinar-covid-and-solidarity-tickets-104155909128?utm_source=eventbrite&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=event_reminder&utm_term=eventname https://www.eventbrite.com/e/pandemic-borders-webinar-covid-and-solidarity-tickets-104155909128?utm_source=eventbrite&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=event_reminder&utm_term=eventname http://papers.ccpr.ucla.edu/index.php/pwp/article/view/1234/612 https://www.newyorker.com/news/q-and-a/how-racism-is-shaping-the-coronavirus-pandemic?utm_source=nl&utm_brand=tny&utm_mailing=TNY_Daily_050920&utm_campaign=aud-dev&utm_medium=email&bxid=5e9cb9b5283d8e5a45798c6b&cndid=60780639&hasha=68012fa54529957d5e2fe3e23378c01d&hashb=2a3a5210ba68ee25bf2a6b4100caaba7e8cd27ff&hashc=ac085b069fc6c7381bf4bb5a6cebb83e0f1371ff0ac6de6ea34bf34b641b4b9b&esrc=Auto_Subs&utm_term=TNY_Daily https://www.newyorker.com/news/q-and-a/how-racism-is-shaping-the-coronavirus-pandemic?utm_source=nl&utm_brand=tny&utm_mailing=TNY_Daily_050920&utm_campaign=aud-dev&utm_medium=email&bxid=5e9cb9b5283d8e5a45798c6b&cndid=60780639&hasha=68012fa54529957d5e2fe3e23378c01d&hashb=2a3a5210ba68ee25bf2a6b4100caaba7e8cd27ff&hashc=ac085b069fc6c7381bf4bb5a6cebb83e0f1371ff0ac6de6ea34bf34b641b4b9b&esrc=Auto_Subs&utm_term=TNY_Daily https://www.newyorker.com/news/q-and-a/how-racism-is-shaping-the-coronavirus-pandemic?utm_source=nl&utm_brand=tny&utm_mailing=TNY_Daily_050920&utm_campaign=aud-dev&utm_medium=email&bxid=5e9cb9b5283d8e5a45798c6b&cndid=60780639&hasha=68012fa54529957d5e2fe3e23378c01d&hashb=2a3a5210ba68ee25bf2a6b4100caaba7e8cd27ff&hashc=ac085b069fc6c7381bf4bb5a6cebb83e0f1371ff0ac6de6ea34bf34b641b4b9b&esrc=Auto_Subs&utm_term=TNY_Daily https://www.newyorker.com/news/q-and-a/how-racism-is-shaping-the-coronavirus-pandemic?utm_source=nl&utm_brand=tny&utm_mailing=TNY_Daily_050920&utm_campaign=aud-dev&utm_medium=email&bxid=5e9cb9b5283d8e5a45798c6b&cndid=60780639&hasha=68012fa54529957d5e2fe3e23378c01d&hashb=2a3a5210ba68ee25bf2a6b4100caaba7e8cd27ff&hashc=ac085b069fc6c7381bf4bb5a6cebb83e0f1371ff0ac6de6ea34bf34b641b4b9b&esrc=Auto_Subs&utm_term=TNY_Daily https://www.newyorker.com/news/q-and-a/how-racism-is-shaping-the-coronavirus-pandemic?utm_source=nl&utm_brand=tny&utm_mailing=TNY_Daily_050920&utm_campaign=aud-dev&utm_medium=email&bxid=5e9cb9b5283d8e5a45798c6b&cndid=60780639&hasha=68012fa54529957d5e2fe3e23378c01d&hashb=2a3a5210ba68ee25bf2a6b4100caaba7e8cd27ff&hashc=ac085b069fc6c7381bf4bb5a6cebb83e0f1371ff0ac6de6ea34bf34b641b4b9b&esrc=Auto_Subs&utm_term=TNY_Daily https://www.newyorker.com/news/q-and-a/how-racism-is-shaping-the-coronavirus-pandemic?utm_source=nl&utm_brand=tny&utm_mailing=TNY_Daily_050920&utm_campaign=aud-dev&utm_medium=email&bxid=5e9cb9b5283d8e5a45798c6b&cndid=60780639&hasha=68012fa54529957d5e2fe3e23378c01d&hashb=2a3a5210ba68ee25bf2a6b4100caaba7e8cd27ff&hashc=ac085b069fc6c7381bf4bb5a6cebb83e0f1371ff0ac6de6ea34bf34b641b4b9b&esrc=Auto_Subs&utm_term=TNY_Daily https://www.newyorker.com/news/q-and-a/how-racism-is-shaping-the-coronavirus-pandemic?utm_source=nl&utm_brand=tny&utm_mailing=TNY_Daily_050920&utm_campaign=aud-dev&utm_medium=email&bxid=5e9cb9b5283d8e5a45798c6b&cndid=60780639&hasha=68012fa54529957d5e2fe3e23378c01d&hashb=2a3a5210ba68ee25bf2a6b4100caaba7e8cd27ff&hashc=ac085b069fc6c7381bf4bb5a6cebb83e0f1371ff0ac6de6ea34bf34b641b4b9b&esrc=Auto_Subs&utm_term=TNY_Daily https://www.newyorker.com/news/q-and-a/how-racism-is-shaping-the-coronavirus-pandemic?utm_source=nl&utm_brand=tny&utm_mailing=TNY_Daily_050920&utm_campaign=aud-dev&utm_medium=email&bxid=5e9cb9b5283d8e5a45798c6b&cndid=60780639&hasha=68012fa54529957d5e2fe3e23378c01d&hashb=2a3a5210ba68ee25bf2a6b4100caaba7e8cd27ff&hashc=ac085b069fc6c7381bf4bb5a6cebb83e0f1371ff0ac6de6ea34bf34b641b4b9b&esrc=Auto_Subs&utm_term=TNY_Daily https://www.newyorker.com/news/q-and-a/how-racism-is-shaping-the-coronavirus-pandemic?utm_source=nl&utm_brand=tny&utm_mailing=TNY_Daily_050920&utm_campaign=aud-dev&utm_medium=email&bxid=5e9cb9b5283d8e5a45798c6b&cndid=60780639&hasha=68012fa54529957d5e2fe3e23378c01d&hashb=2a3a5210ba68ee25bf2a6b4100caaba7e8cd27ff&hashc=ac085b069fc6c7381bf4bb5a6cebb83e0f1371ff0ac6de6ea34bf34b641b4b9b&esrc=Auto_Subs&utm_term=TNY_Daily https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2020/04/01/more-than-nine-in-ten-people-worldwide-live-in-countries-with-travel-restrictions-amid-covid-19/ https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2020/04/01/more-than-nine-in-ten-people-worldwide-live-in-countries-with-travel-restrictions-amid-covid-19/ https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2020/04/01/more-than-nine-in-ten-people-worldwide-live-in-countries-with-travel-restrictions-amid-covid-19/ The Political Economy of a Modern Pandemic | 155 https://globalnews.ca/news/7729622/alberta-covid-19-documents-public-inquiry-cargill-outbreak/ https://globalnews.ca/news/7729622/alberta-covid-19-documents-public-inquiry-cargill-outbreak/ https://newleftreview.org/issues/II122/articles/mike-davis-in-a-plague-year https://newleftreview.org/issues/II122/articles/mike-davis-in-a-plague-year https://www.socialeurope.eu/there-is-no-recovery-without-migration https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/calgary/cargill-ufcw-local-401-thomas-hesse-1.5552986 https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/calgary/cargill-ufcw-local-401-thomas-hesse-1.5552986 https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/london/canada-lifts-travel-restrictions-for-foreign-workers-1.5505579 https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/london/canada-lifts-travel-restrictions-for-foreign-workers-1.5505579 https://ottawacitizen.com/opinion/eggleton-and-segal-covid-19-presents-lessons-in-how-a-guaranteed-basic-income-program-could-work/ https://ottawacitizen.com/opinion/eggleton-and-segal-covid-19-presents-lessons-in-how-a-guaranteed-basic-income-program-could-work/ https://ottawacitizen.com/opinion/eggleton-and-segal-covid-19-presents-lessons-in-how-a-guaranteed-basic-income-program-could-work/ https://www.utoronto.ca/news/anti-asian-discrimination-rise-canada-u-t-researchers-find https://www.utoronto.ca/news/anti-asian-discrimination-rise-canada-u-t-researchers-find https://www.cbc.ca/news/business/statistics-canada-gdp-1.5589843 http://www.alternateroutes.ca/index.php/ar/article/view/22506 https://metcalffoundation.com/site/uploads/2014/04/Profiting-from-the-Precarious.pdf https://metcalffoundation.com/site/uploads/2014/04/Profiting-from-the-Precarious.pdf 156 | Work for Change https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/15/world/europe/coronavirus-inequality.html https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/15/world/europe/coronavirus-inequality.html https://vancouversun.com/news/covid-19-migrant-workers-group-seeks-better-legal-protection-during-pandemic/ https://vancouversun.com/news/covid-19-migrant-workers-group-seeks-better-legal-protection-during-pandemic/ https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/mrs-60.pdf https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/may/03/universal-basic-income-coronavirus-shocks https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/may/03/universal-basic-income-coronavirus-shocks https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/trudeau-covid19-coronavirus-medical-equipment-1.5504149 https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/trudeau-covid19-coronavirus-medical-equipment-1.5504149 https://www.migrationpolicy.org/about/staff/kate-hooper https://www.migrationpolicy.org/about/staff/camille-le-coz https://www.migrationpolicy.org/news/meeting-seasonal-labor-needs-age-covid-19 https://www.migrationpolicy.org/news/meeting-seasonal-labor-needs-age-covid-19 The Political Economy of a Modern Pandemic | 157 https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/45-28-0001/2020001/article/00042-eng.htm?HPA=1 https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/45-28-0001/2020001/article/00042-eng.htm?HPA=1 https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/Issues/2020/04/14/World-Economic-Outlook-April-2020-The-Great-Lockdown-49306 https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/Issues/2020/04/14/World-Economic-Outlook-April-2020-The-Great-Lockdown-49306 https://www.iom.int/key-migration-terms https://www.iom.int/who-is-a-migrant https://www.wartsila.com/insights/article/the-alphabet-of-economic-recovery https://www.wartsila.com/insights/article/the-alphabet-of-economic-recovery https://acs-aec.ca/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/ACS-Covid-and-Economic-Vulnerability-of-Visible-Minorities-April-2020.pdf https://acs-aec.ca/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/ACS-Covid-and-Economic-Vulnerability-of-Visible-Minorities-April-2020.pdf https://acs-aec.ca/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/ACS-Covid-and-Economic-Vulnerability-of-Visible-Minorities-April-2020.pdf https://canadianimmigrant.ca/money-and-business/cerb-benefits-during-covid-19-many-new-immigrants-and-international-students-are-ineligible https://canadianimmigrant.ca/money-and-business/cerb-benefits-during-covid-19-many-new-immigrants-and-international-students-are-ineligible https://canadianimmigrant.ca/money-and-business/cerb-benefits-during-covid-19-many-new-immigrants-and-international-students-are-ineligible https://www.npr.org/2020/05/07/851774707/democracy-at-risk-in-central-and-eastern-europe-report-finds https://www.npr.org/2020/05/07/851774707/democracy-at-risk-in-central-and-eastern-europe-report-finds https://www.citynews1130.com/2020/04/23/temporary-foreign-workers-risk-covid-19-advocate/ https://www.citynews1130.com/2020/04/23/temporary-foreign-workers-risk-covid-19-advocate/ 158 | Work for Change https://www.ibtimes.com/coronavirus-economy-us-recession-began-february-ending-longest-expansion-history-2990041 https://www.ibtimes.com/coronavirus-economy-us-recession-began-february-ending-longest-expansion-history-2990041 https://theconversation.com/are-populist-leaders-a-liability-during-covid-19-135431 https://theconversation.com/are-populist-leaders-a-liability-during-covid-19-135431 https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/may/02/meat-plant-workers-us-coronavirus-war https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/may/02/meat-plant-workers-us-coronavirus-war https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/pandemic-border/canada-who-really-essential/ https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/pandemic-border/canada-who-really-essential/ https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/pandemic-border/migrant-domestic-and-care-workers-high-risk-low-protection/ https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/pandemic-border/migrant-domestic-and-care-workers-high-risk-low-protection/ https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/pandemic-border/coronavirus-pandemic-could-be-devastating-worlds-migrants/ https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/pandemic-border/coronavirus-pandemic-could-be-devastating-worlds-migrants/ https://www.thestar.com/business/2020/03/24/cleaners-are-on-the-front-lines-of-the-covid-19-crisis-but-many-work-with-little-protection-for-less-than-minimum-wage-and-theyre-scared.html?fbclid=IwAR3g4hH6YzIdI9Mda7-tedVZMjyrTALVhNd-ddF1YGGK-mq0rBlPoXAlPsM https://www.thestar.com/business/2020/03/24/cleaners-are-on-the-front-lines-of-the-covid-19-crisis-but-many-work-with-little-protection-for-less-than-minimum-wage-and-theyre-scared.html?fbclid=IwAR3g4hH6YzIdI9Mda7-tedVZMjyrTALVhNd-ddF1YGGK-mq0rBlPoXAlPsM https://www.thestar.com/business/2020/03/24/cleaners-are-on-the-front-lines-of-the-covid-19-crisis-but-many-work-with-little-protection-for-less-than-minimum-wage-and-theyre-scared.html?fbclid=IwAR3g4hH6YzIdI9Mda7-tedVZMjyrTALVhNd-ddF1YGGK-mq0rBlPoXAlPsM https://www.thestar.com/business/2020/03/24/cleaners-are-on-the-front-lines-of-the-covid-19-crisis-but-many-work-with-little-protection-for-less-than-minimum-wage-and-theyre-scared.html?fbclid=IwAR3g4hH6YzIdI9Mda7-tedVZMjyrTALVhNd-ddF1YGGK-mq0rBlPoXAlPsM https://www.thestar.com/business/2020/03/24/cleaners-are-on-the-front-lines-of-the-covid-19-crisis-but-many-work-with-little-protection-for-less-than-minimum-wage-and-theyre-scared.html?fbclid=IwAR3g4hH6YzIdI9Mda7-tedVZMjyrTALVhNd-ddF1YGGK-mq0rBlPoXAlPsM The Political Economy of a Modern Pandemic | 159 https://www.pewsocialtrends.org/2020/06/12/amid-protests-majorities-across-racial-and-ethnic-groups-express-support-for-the-black-lives-matter-movement/ https://www.pewsocialtrends.org/2020/06/12/amid-protests-majorities-across-racial-and-ethnic-groups-express-support-for-the-black-lives-matter-movement/ https://www.pewsocialtrends.org/2020/06/12/amid-protests-majorities-across-racial-and-ethnic-groups-express-support-for-the-black-lives-matter-movement/ https://www.theguardian.com/business/2020/jun/08/world-bank-warns-covid-19-pandemic-risks-dramatic-rise-in-poverty?CMP=Share_iOSApp_Other https://www.theguardian.com/business/2020/jun/08/world-bank-warns-covid-19-pandemic-risks-dramatic-rise-in-poverty?CMP=Share_iOSApp_Other https://www.theguardian.com/business/2020/jun/08/world-bank-warns-covid-19-pandemic-risks-dramatic-rise-in-poverty?CMP=Share_iOSApp_Other https://www.ifs.org.uk/inequality/chapter/are-some-ethnic-groups-more-vulnerable-to-covid-19-than-others/ https://www.ifs.org.uk/inequality/chapter/are-some-ethnic-groups-more-vulnerable-to-covid-19-than-others/ http://p2pcanada.ca/files/2015/09/Perceptions-of-Discrimination-in-Health-Services-Experienced-by-Immigrant-Minorities-in-Ontario.pdf http://p2pcanada.ca/files/2015/09/Perceptions-of-Discrimination-in-Health-Services-Experienced-by-Immigrant-Minorities-in-Ontario.pdf https://theconversation.com/could-covid-19-be-the-push-that-europe-needs-for-unconditional-basic-income-137843 https://theconversation.com/could-covid-19-be-the-push-that-europe-needs-for-unconditional-basic-income-137843 160 | Work for Change https://bmrc-irmu.info.yorku.ca/files/2020/07/COVID-19-and-Migration-Paper-Final-Edit-JS-July-24-1.pdf?x15611 https://bmrc-irmu.info.yorku.ca/files/2020/07/COVID-19-and-Migration-Paper-Final-Edit-JS-July-24-1.pdf?x15611 https://www.policycenter.ma/opinion/coronavirus-and-risk-populism-europe#.Xspa3GhKg2w https://www.policycenter.ma/opinion/coronavirus-and-risk-populism-europe#.Xspa3GhKg2w https://www.theglobeandmail.com/opinion/article-there-will-be-no-v-shaped-recovery-but-heres-how-we-can-ensure-the/ https://www.theglobeandmail.com/opinion/article-there-will-be-no-v-shaped-recovery-but-heres-how-we-can-ensure-the/ https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/racial-minorities-covid-19-hard-hit-1.5943878 https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/racial-minorities-covid-19-hard-hit-1.5943878 https://www.pri.org/stories/2019-05-23/centuries-migrants-have-been-said-pose-public-health-risks-they-don-t https://www.pri.org/stories/2019-05-23/centuries-migrants-have-been-said-pose-public-health-risks-they-don-t https://globalnews.ca/news/6929660/coronavirus-outbreak-over-bylands-nurseries/ https://globalnews.ca/news/6929660/coronavirus-outbreak-over-bylands-nurseries/ https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/08/01/the-sociologist-who-could-save-us-from-coronavirus/ https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/08/01/the-sociologist-who-could-save-us-from-coronavirus/ http://3cities.neighbourhoodchange.ca/files/2011/05/2004-United-Way-Poverty-by-Postal-Code-Toronto.pdf http://3cities.neighbourhoodchange.ca/files/2011/05/2004-United-Way-Poverty-by-Postal-Code-Toronto.pdf https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2020/05/12/toronto-scientists-dug-into-the-connection-between-race-income-housing-and-covid-19-what-they-found-was-alarming.html The Political Economy of a Modern Pandemic | 161 https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2020/05/12/toronto-scientists-dug-into-the-connection-between-race-income-housing-and-covid-19-what-they-found-was-alarming.html https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2020/05/12/toronto-scientists-dug-into-the-connection-between-race-income-housing-and-covid-19-what-they-found-was-alarming.html https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/pandemic-covid-coronavirus-cerb-unemployment-1.5610404 https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/pandemic-covid-coronavirus-cerb-unemployment-1.5610404 https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/new-poll-reveals-chinese-canadians-experiences-with-racism-1.5621261 https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/new-poll-reveals-chinese-canadians-experiences-with-racism-1.5621261 Keywords: economy

• Multinational [G]rape Corporation by Henry, Aaron (2010) - Market society then, produces not only fragmented subjects but the com- plete fragmentation of social life. This structure has a number of important effects that taken together form Cinar’s critique of capitalist society—a critique that goes far beyond being merely anti-consumerist and anti-security, as other reviewers have commented on. Keywords: cinar; market; play; society
• Socialism as a Life-Coherent Society by Noonen, Jeff (2011) - Thus human beings share three sets of life-requirements corresponding to the three dimensions of human life: Socialism as a Life-Coherent Society | 201 physical-organic requirements of biological life, socio-cultural require- ments of human life as a socially self-conscious agent, and temporal requirements of free human life. While it is true, as John Bellamy Foster has demonstrated, that Marx did not ignore the natural foundations of human life but in fact understood labour as humanity’s metabolism with nature and criti- cised capitalism for imposing a “metabolic rift” between human beings 198 | Uniting Struggles: Critical Social Research in Critical Times and their natural life-support system, it remains true that Marx under- stood an essential element of socialism to be the unlocking of productive potential suppressed by capitalism (Bellamy Foster, 2000, p. 141-177). Keywords: capacities; capitalism; development; institutions; life; marx; needs; requirements; socialism; society; value
• First As Tragedy Then As Farce by Henry, Aaron (2012) - In this sense, the political sphere, operates within this form of consciousness as the content (the materiality of the right to equal opportunity) when in fact it is nothing more than the symptom (one could use the word abstraction) of actual existing social relations that are in fact unequal. For Žižek, the point of this comparison of the different class rela- tions attached to symptom and fetishism seems to be this: the permis- sive-cynical subject is the easier of the class positions to mobilize because the form of the subjects ideological belief (i.e equality) can be recognized to be rooted in its content (i.e unequal relations) and as such the subject can simply integrate the content further into the form (i.e we will not be equal politically until we transform our economic relations therefore, let’s change economic relations). Keywords: ideology; relations; situation; society; žižek
• Horkheimer and Adorno go to Japan by Vachon, Al (2013) - It was a powerful image of nature and land, torn apart and reassembled as consumer goods, mecha- nised-electronic products, consumed and disposed of, to be reconstituted as new industrial nature, building on the cities that spawned them. It is as unsatisfying and alienating as it is deadening, leaving the consumer empty and craving for more consumption in the hope of fulfillment, enmeshing them in a neverending maze that dissipates any resistance which they might have been capable of. Keywords: consumption; culture; goods; image; japan; japanese; need; new; society; tokyo; waste
• Dangerous Customs: Censorship in Risk Society by Gwillian, Janet E. (2013) - Thus, in the name of 'efficiency', general crime deterrence is replaced with risk management. Security, surveillance, and risk management are the police's new mandates according to Ericson and Haggerty as they write, we contend further that the role of the police as risk communica- tors in the service of external institutions changes the way in which the police provide security to individuals, organization, and institutions (1996: 18). Keywords: butler; canada; censorship; crime; customs; gay; harm; justice; law; lesbian; management; obscenity; pornography; risk; sex; sister; society; volume

• The Ecological Rift: Capitalism by Calnitsky, Naomi Alisa (2012) - Their central target is industrial capitalism and its derivative effects, namely, the unsustainable social habits of consumer forces associated with capitalist production, and the unprecedented levels of ecological destruction associated with accumulative capitalism. Building upon past theoretical approaches and contributions, in The Ecological Rift: Capitalism’s War on the Earth (2010), Foster, Clark and York offer a radical and comprehensive critique of the plan- etary environmental crisis as exacerbated by industrial capitalism. Keywords: capitalism; foster; rift
• Marxism and Underdevelopment by Jhally, Sut (2013) - Having thus established to his theoretical satisfaction the existence of different modes of production Laclau then has to theorize the rela- tions between the different modes. Where capitalism is dominant but where pre-capitalist modes still exist and where they are needed by capitalism, violence has to take place on more than the economic level and must enter the superstructural level as well. Keywords: alavi; articulation; capitalism; colonial; development; frank; laclau; mode; production; relations; rey
• Slavery, Capitalism and the Industrial Revolution by Marshall, Robert (2024) - But at a deeper level they also set out to make an important corrective to the historical record of Britian’s economic trajectory that has been largely hidden, or ignored, by mainstream orthodox interpretations: “The extent of British trade in enslaved people, her brutal exploitation of plantation labour and the wealth that these activities brought to British families and wider society have been obscured in favour of a more heroic island story of early economic improvement and cultural benevolence” (p. 3). Afterall, the book basically engages in a micro-economic analysis by focusing on the British experience and only briefly makes mention of other major European colonial holdings and slave trading nations such as France, Portugal or Spain. Keywords: book; british; capitalism; economic; industrial; revolution; slavery; trade; williams

• The Myth of Autonomy in Family Farm Production by Ward, Bonnie (2013) - The replacement of the family farm by corporate (capitalist) farming occurs after the incorporation of family farm production into the capitalist market. As is implicit in the foregoing discussion, the capacity of internal relations of family farm production to offer protection from transformed market conditions is limited. Keywords: autonomy; capitalist; family; farm; producers; production; relations
• AGRICULTURE AND FOOD IN CRISIS: CONFLICT, RESISTANCE, AND RENEWAL by MacDonald, Katie M. (2016) - Her primary research surrounds the political economy of food systems, value chains, and the Ontario pork industry. This system, centred upon tightly consolidated, large-scale, transnational corporations, is also responsible for squeezing all stages of food production – scarring the land, air, and people that are each an integral part of this same system. Keywords: crisis; food; production; system

• Aronowitz, Stanlezy & Henry A. Giroux. Postmodern Education: Politics , Culture and Social Criticism, by Fogarasi, George (2013) - The book begins by contrasting progressive and postmodern (postmodern as critical theory in this instance) approaches to social change by analyzing Bennet's drug and education offensives. They use the language of postmodernism to give a new shine to critical pedagogy in an attempt to reintroduce these timely concerns to an audience that has dismissed anything remotely Marxist at a stroke in order to frolic in its simulacra. Keywords: education; postmodernism
• Homophobia in/as Education by Wolfman, Oscar (2013) - There is little incentive for students of sexually or racially subordi- nated group s to study a curriculum in which they are not included (Sears, 1995:150;Werner, 1995:130;Dei, 1994:291) or in which hierarchies are constructed, in part, through stereotypes about sexuality (Belyea and Dubinsky, 1994:27), and this is com- poundedby sex, class, and ability(Ward and Taylor, 1 994: 5 1 ), so that sexual education in schools contributes not only to the construction of youths, but to youths' embodying the values, if not the characteristics, ofthe dominant group (Irvine, 1994:7) — including adult and white. Some of the work done in the area of homosexuality and education include that ofHetrick and Martin (1987; 1988), Uribe and Harbeck (1992), and Watney (1991) on anti-homophobic education; TeHjohann and Pierce (1993) on student experiences with homophobia in education; Sears (1992) on teacher and guidance councillor education on homo/bisexuality; Whatley Cfcs (1992) on representations of sexuality in sexual education text- books. The high school level was selected for this study because high school students are at the ages ofpuberty and dating—ages where sex and sexuality dominate their attention— and because the 1992 study by Masters, Johnson, and Kolodny reported that the most frequent attackers in lesbigay-bashing are adolescent males, attributing this violence to a rite of masculinity (Elia, 1993:178). Keywords: board; education; gay; homophobia; homosexuality; issues; lesbigay; orientation; respondents; school; sexuality; students; teachers
• Kirp, David L. 2003. Shakespeare, Einstein, and the Bottom Line: The Marketing ofHigher Education by Joffe, Linda S. (2013) - While it would be impossible for anyone to write a 300-page treatise exploring the entirety of higher education economics, Kirp does a remarkable job of synthesizing the information we ought to know. Linda S. Joffe As the twenty-first century begins to bloom, perhaps no entity will meta- morphose as much as higher education—and economic factors are clearly a major force driving these changes. Keywords: education; kirp; shakespeare; students; university
• The Hidden Curriculum in Schools: Implications for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer Youth by Watson, Gerald (2013) - Gay student wins sexual harassment case with NASP sup- port. Schools are also venues where gay and lesbian couples are covertly excluded from school social functions such as dances and where curricular resources for LGBTQ students, and those interested in LGBT-related issues, are usually nonexistent (Epstein and Johnson, 1994). Keywords: curriculum; education; gay; gender; learning; lesbian; school; sexuality; students; teachers; volume; york
• Class Dismissed: Why We Can by Brogan, Peter (2015) - Here, Marsh demonstrates why the default position of using education to address economic inequality has failed. The second part of the book examines why, when, and how education has come to dominate discussions about “opportunity, prosperity and poverty in American life” (21), as well as alternative ways Americans once imag- ined they could advance in society (e.g. through collective struggle and a more expansive welfare state) has been pushed out of public policy debates. Keywords: education; marsh

• 'Canada's Troubled Troops': The Construction of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Its Uses by the Canadian Armed Forces by Godoy-Paiz, Paula (2013) - Subsequently, there has been an increasing amount of discussion within the military and in the media about the incidence of PTSD among Canadian soldiers. I then examine a number of news sto- ries of Canadian soldiers suffering from PTSD that have appeared in Canadian news. Keywords: alternate; canada; disorder; memory; military; ptsd; routes; soldiers; suffering; time; trauma; volume; young

• Labour Under Attack: Anti-Unionism in Canada by Bartkiw, Tim (2020) - On the other hand, as a second theme, the book emphasizes in various parts the importance of improved understanding of what may be called negative union experience or “feedback” effects. Not surprisingly, the importance of union democracy in relation to this issue of agency is repeatedly stressed. Keywords: book; union

• Miami's Little Havana: A Nation in Exile by Drouillard, Lisa (2013) - Above and be- yond the aspirations of many Miami Cubans for the establish- ment of their sovereign control over their homeland, members of the community have created, as much as maintained, the po- litical, cultural and economic status of a nation in exile, await- ing not for the chance to rebuild Cuba, but to replace it. The engagement of thousands of Cuban exiles in America's Cold War struggles served to consolidate the position of Miami as the space of an exiled Cuban nation. Keywords: american; anderson; city; community; cuban; discourse; enclave; exile; havana; identity; miami; national; nationalism; new; politics; routes
• Listen Anarchist!: Murray Bookchin's Defence of Orthodoxy by Shantz, Jeff (2013) - Additionally, Bookchin's claim that, during the heyday of social anarchism, individualists exercised hardly any influence, is undermined if one considers only the case of Emma Goldman who Bookchin himself identifies as an extreme individualist, a Nietzschean (8). Like- wise, Bookchin chooses to overlook the intermingling of life- style and social anarchists in action. Keywords: anarchism; anarchy; bookchin; individualist; lifestyle; politics
• The Left in Power: Bob Rae’s NDP and the Working Class by Kelpin, Ryan (2025) - Pages: 1-466 Reviewed by Ryan Kelpin1 It has been 35 years since the surprise election of Bob Rae and the NDP to form a majority government in Ontario in 1990. There are two main impetuses for the book: firstly, attempting to assess the ideological worldview of Rae and his government, one that High contends reflects a type of proto-Third Way neoliberal politics that predates Bill Clinton and Tony Blair (and I would argue, Dalton McGuinty in Ontario in the 2000s); and secondly, the necessity of a labour history of deindustrialization and the NDP’s policy responses so it. Keywords: history; ndp; politics; rae

• Toussaint, Eric and Damien Millet. by Curtin, Jillian (2012) - For example, in addition to their argument on how debt has redistributed financial resources from important social policies like health and education they make some important points about the impact of debt on resources and food sov- ereignty. Book Review: Debt, the IMF, and the World Bank | 255 Book Review debt, the iMF, and the world Bank: Sixty Questions, Sixty Answers by Eric Toussaint and Damien Millet. Keywords: book; debt; toussaint
• Hill, Gord. by Patridge, Kevin (2012) - He then goes on to provide some of the stories and evidence both of this destruction and the resistance that has accompanied it from the time of the first contact with Europeans to current conflicts involving indigenous peoples. These struggles completely alter the social landscape of North America by bringing in people from many other places in the world as well as contributing to the deaths of many millions of Indigenous people, the profound altera- tion of social structures that survived, and the export of a huge amount and variety of resources. Keywords: americas; book; history
• Ruben, Albert. by Tfaily, Rania (2012) - Ruben shows how the CCR pioneered the creative use of the law by adopting novel and often untested arguments to launch legal battles along with educational campaigns with the purpose of facilitating social change. After a period of decline, the CCR saw its fortunes and profile increase following 9/11 and the war on terror which resulted in human rights violations of thousands of Arabs and Muslims. Keywords: book; ccr; rights
• Don by Partridge, Kevin (2013) - They are concerned about the absence of spaces for children and the problems of providing child- care amongst social justice groups. The editors of the book arrange the chapters so that they progress from descriptions of the many problems that people encounter when they are involved in social justice groups towards pos- sible solutions to these problems. Keywords: book; change; children
• What is Critical Social Research? Volume 1 by Malamiry, Mahman A. (2013) - Pages: 1-198. Reviewed by Mahnam A. Malamiry1 Carleton University Babak Fozooni’s book provides a genuine, provocative, and insightful opportunity to have in one book a number of previously pub- lished articles in the realms of cinema and Iranian social movements; the ideological politics behind encyclopedic discourses on fascism, and Engels; and critical social psychology. Fozooni utilizes Marxist and Bakhtinian theory as a means of having a more nuanced socio-political analysis of Iranian social movements that takes into account not just power relations in a normative, Foucauldian sense, but also classist challenges that are profoundly oppressive in the “fascist oriented” Islamic regime (B. Fozooni, personal communication, April 29, 2013). Keywords: book; fozooni; psychology; socio
• The Great Revenue Robbery: How to Stop the Tax Cut Scam and Save Canada by Fodor, Matt (2013) - Taxes are viewed as a burden to be avoided; in other words, taxes are separated from the services they pay for. Dobbin stresses the need to link tax fairness with communitarian values and a progressive values and suggests that campaigners “frame the issue as a choice two very different futures: a continuation of the dystopian low-tax, high-private- consumption regime; the other, a return to higher taxes but also to more public goods and stronger communities” (p. 141). Keywords: book; revenue; taxes
• Out of Left Field: Social Inequality and Sports by Pich, Christine (2015) - First, the authors acknowledge that Marxist discussion towards sports has been quite critical – for instance, by dismissing it as a spectacle – and while the authors encourage such critical analysis, they also argue that sports has the potential to be a site of transformation where it could encompass leisure, pleasure, and social cohesion. The central argument of the book - that “in a capitalist society […] sport as spectacle serves to further the interests of capital” (9) – is made with respect to a Marxist theoretical approach where it emphasizes the centrality of economic inequality and situates social inequalities in broader historical processes of capitalism and colonialism. Keywords: authors; book; sports
• Imperial Canada Inc.: Legal Haven of Choice for the World by Garrod, J.Z. (2015) - ISBN: 978-0-88922-635-7. Pages: 1-244. Reviewed by J.Z. Garrod1 Imperial Canada Inc. begins with a very simple question: why are 75 percent of the world’s mining corporations registered in Canada? The support of global mining corporations through a ‘made-in- Canada’ propaganda offensive through the education system, in which these corporations provide funding, advertising, and other philanthropic activities, including the development of provincial science curriculums; 6. Keywords: book; canada; deneault; mining
• Resisting the State: Canadian History Through the Stories of Activists by Joy, Amanda (2015) - Scholars of Canadian history or activism may find Neigh’s personal approach to these subjects a refreshing change from a more top-down history, while remaining accessible to social justice activists providing insights from prior generations. USBN: 978-1-55266-520-6. Pages: 1-227. Reviewed by Amanda Joy1 Resisting the State is one of two books in which author Scott Neigh explores the history of Canadian social justice activism through the experiences of longtime organizers. Keywords: book; history; neigh
• THE BLACK BOOK OF CANADIAN FOREIGN POLICY by Brisson-Boivin, Kara (2016) - A strength of Engler’s book is the inclusion of discussion questions, which does help readers to reflect on commonly held assumptions about Canadian international relations as well as the lessons learned in each case. In conclusion, this book has much to contribute to the field of Canadian international relations. Keywords: book; canada; engler
• Automating Inequality. How High-Tech Tools Profile, Police and Punish the Poor by Marshall, Robert (2018) - The technologies of monitoring, regulating and policing not only includes digital tools; but, also includes new discourses, belief systems and frameworks. Pages: 1-260. Reviewed by Robert Marshall1 Virginia Eubanks’ book follows in the footsteps of earlier polemics documenting the policing of poverty in the United States.2 Keywords: book; data; digital; eubanks; new
• Revolting Prostitutes: The Fight for Sex Workers’ Rights by McGibbon, Jennifer (2019) - This will not be a revelation to anyone already interested in sex workers rights, but it is an important intervention into the literatures which treat sex workers as criminals, disease vectors or psychologically damaged individuals. As out sex workers, Mac and Smith have credence that stems not from their personal work experiences (this is little more than a footnote in the text) but from years of organizing and advocating on behalf of sex workers rights. Keywords: book; industry; sex
• Wild Things: The Disorder of Desire by Boeckner, McKenna James (2021) - Known largely in the field of queer theory for his formative focus on female masculinities, Halberstam’s more recent work has focused on elaborating queer(ed) embodiments in/of time and space. In his new book, Wild Things: The Disorder of Desire (2020), Halberstam tracks the rhetorical presence of those wild things from Sendak’s infamous children’s book as they manifest in contemporary and historical knowledge production and offer theoretical potential as anti-colonial and anti-heteronormative genealogical tools. Keywords: book; halberstam; queer; things; wild
• Queering Representation: LGBTQ People and Electoral Politics in Canada by Girard, David (2022) - Pages: 1-358. Reviewed by David Girard1 The fight for equal rights for LGBTQ communities, while at times slow and exasperating, has evolved significantly over the past fifty years in Canada. The chapter on the Liberals focuses solely on the good things the party has done for LGBTQ communities without mention of any criticism. Keywords: book; chapters; lgbtq

• Utopia or Bust: A Guide to the Present Crisis by Wellum, Caleb (2017) - Kunkel wrote the essays between 2010 and 2013 in the immediate aftermath of the 2008 financial crisis and previously published each in either the London Review of Books, n + 1, or the New Statesmen. Kunkel is well-suited to the task of popularization. Keywords: crisis; kunkel; utopia

• The Faces of Austerity by Hamilton, Kyle (2010) - The Faces of Austerity 154 Alternate Routes: A Journal of Critical Social Research Girl in her doorway - Smokey Mountain, Manila Philippines. a local Marano woman right, confronts an Armed Forces Philippines soldier looking for answers regarding a fight that took place inside a polling precinct only minutes before. Keywords: philippines; toronto
• Redefining "Renewel" in Toronto's High-Rise Suburbs by Young, Douglas (2017) - The amalgamation of seven municipal governments that created a new City of Toronto on January 1, 1998 was considered by many as an attack on the pre-amalgamation City of Toronto Council which had been a vocal opponent of the provincial government’s neoliberal “revolution” and a champion of social democratic urban policy. In Toronto austerity as common sense shapes one approach to conceptualizing decline in high-rise suburbs and a very particular approach to their renewal. Keywords: austerity; buildings; city; governance; housing; renewal; rise; suburbs; toronto; tower
• Unions and the City: Negotiating Urban Change by MacLellan, Duncan (2019) - The eight chapters that comprise the core of this book examine the social, political, and economic contributions of selected unions in New York and Toronto. The ongoing ability of child care sector unions to reach across to community groups and apply their combined pressure will demonstrate how important these issue are to building a society that aims to benefit its citizens more broadly. Keywords: new; toronto; unions

• Breaking Free of Neoliberalism: Canada’s Challenge: What It Will Take to Deal with American Decline Inequality and the Climate Crisis by Fodor, Matt (2024) - Himelfarb then chronicles the history of neoliberalism in Canada over a three decade period, covering the governments of Brian Mulroney, Jean Chrétien, Paul Martin and Stephen Harper. Nonetheless, Himelfarb is highly critical of the government he served in further extending neoliberalism in Canada. Keywords: canada; free; himelfarb; neoliberalism; tax

• The University in the City: The Campus as a Space of Dependence and Engagement in the Age of Austerity by Attoh, Kafui; Mitchell, Don; Staeheli, Lynn A. (2017) - Such shifts in the conditions of dependence are quite evident on university campuses themselves. Not only are universities places that can facilitate real learning, they are also institutions positioned, even now, to promote the public good, to expose social injustice and even promote social struggle, to train civically-minded citizens, and to produce knowledge aimed at advancing public wellbeing. Keywords: austerity; campus; community; dependence; engagement; free; new; space; students; universities; university

• Loanwords and Code-switching: Distinguishing Between Language Contact Phenomena in Ch'ol by Kistler, Sarah Ashley (2013) - Ch'ol speakers may not recognize Spanish loanwords as having Spanish origin; instead, they may consider these words to be Ch'ol words as a result of their assimilation and integration into the native Ch'ol lexicon. I gathered data through ethno- graphic research and recorded interviews that enabled me to analyze lan- guage interference, both generally and specifically, in the speech of a diverse sample of Ch'ol speakers. Keywords: bilingual; ch'ol; ch'ol speakers; code; contact; culture; interference; ladino; language; lexical; life; loanwords; native; new; result; spanish; speakers; speech; switching; use; volume; words

• Urban Space in Perspective: An Interview with Matthew Gandy by Henry, Aaron (2013) - ah: You have historicized urban space from the nineteenth century ‘bacteriological city’ to contemporary urban spaces constituted through ‘municipal managerialism’. On the other hand, however, the types of research ques- tions we need to pose in order to make sense of urban space neces- sarily entail the use of more than one discipline, and may extend to radically distinct bodies of knowledge. Keywords: city; lagos; malaria; modernity; research; space

• COLONIZED CLASSROOMS: RACISM, TRAUMA AND RESISTANCE IN POSTSECONDARY EDUCATION by Lee-An, Jiyoung (2016) - Not only would this book benefit Aboriginal students and professors, but also non-Aboriginal students and professors who participate in native studies. Pages: 1-198. Reviewed by Jiyoung Lee-An1 In Colonized Classrooms: Racism, Trauma and Resistance in Post- Secondary Education, Sheila Cote-Meek raises a fundamental question: How do/can Aboriginal students and professors contend with ongoing colonization taking place in Canadian university classrooms? Keywords: classrooms; students

• Between Marxist Orthodoxy and Critical Theory: Comments on Braverman's Labor and Monopoly Capital by Burowoy, Michael (2013) - The Political and Ideological Aspects of the Labor Process In his concern for critique Braverman quite deliberately restricts his analysis to the objective aspects of the labor process. However, one cannot get at what is fundamental to the capitalist labor process or capitalist control by looking at variations within capitalism as Braverman does. Keywords: braverman; capitalist; labor; labor process; process

• Sexual and Ethnic Scripts in the Context of African American Culture by Johnston, Rory (2013) - This can lead to a perception that black gay males are conforming to 'white culture' and simultaneously abandoning their 'Black roots.' It is this authors hope that the realization of these limiting conventions will advance the aware- Volumc 16, 2000 7 Alternate Routes ness of social scripts and the eventual abolition of them. Keywords: american; gay; males; routes; script

• Ontological Gerrymandering? Non-Identity vs. Differance Adorno Contra Derrida by Deisnan, Wade (2013) - The first phase of my argument is explicative and consists chiefly in an overview of Adorno and Derrida at the level of method. Finally, both are substantially influenced by Husserl in the critical development of thinking about the contradictions implied by the western philosophical project, hi Derrida's case, however, the grounds for arriving at the claim for contradiction are substantially different from those arrived at by Adorno. Keywords: adomo; adorno; analysis; derrida; dews; identity; phenomena; philosophy; theory
• A Structured Anarchism by John Griffin by Shantz, Jeff (2013) - Griffin's analysis of the market and money as aspects of unconscious drives and authoritarian compulsions, rather than as outcomes of real practices of accumulation and competitive social relations is neither con- vincing nor particularly insightful in terms of helping us to overcome those relations. Chemins A Itema tifs Book Review A Structured Anarchism by John Griffin. Keywords: analysis; anarchists; griffin

• Editorial Introduction by Fanelli, Carlo; Evans, Bryan (2013) - 9 Carlo Fanelli and Bryan Evans Articles Introduction: Climate Change: ‘The Greatest Challenge of Our Time’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 - John Calvert Approaches and Responses to Climate Change: Challenges for the Pantanal and the Upper Paraguay River Basin . . Keywords: change; climate; file:///d:/documents; javascript; manuscript2013; red%20quill%20books; uniting%20struggles; work%20files

• About Canada: Animal Rights by Lefebvre, Priscillia (2010) - John Sorenson delivers an extensive analysis of animal rights in Canada, which is both extremely disturbing and informative. Because of its broad nature, Sorenson does not delve into an exhaustive analysis of any one topic but provides the reader with an excellent overview of the legal, historical, and social issues surrounding animal rights in Canada as well as the arguments, misconcep- tions, and industry propaganda embedded within it. Keywords: animal; canada; rights; sorenson

• The Ecological Revolution: Making Peace with the Planet by kokallaj, Alda (2010) - Foster’s main achievement is to draw together a difficult body of theory with urging po- litical questions and convincingly argue that it is high time ecological crises were addressed via a socialist, as opposed to a capitalist, approach. More generally, from Foster’s argument it can be discerned that in the face of ecological crises we need to think and act beyond disciplinary boundaries. Keywords: foster; marx; revolution

• The Twittering Machine by Germaine, Mary (2022) - This image is Richard Seymour’s opening metaphor for social media, or as he calls it, the social industry: the extremely profitable trade Facebook, Google, and Twitter make with users, offering communication tools in exchange for their personal data. We are used more than we are users of social media. Keywords: industry; machine; research; seymour

• Kill All Normies: Online Culture Wars From 4Chan and Tumblr to Trump and the Alt-Right by Mirrlees, Tanner (2017) - According to Nagle, the alt-right is “a new wave of overtly white segregationist and white nationalist movements and subcultures, typified by spokespeople like Richard Spencer, who has called for a US white ethno-state and a pan-national white Empire modelled on some approximation of the Roman Empire” (12). Nagle casts the alt right as an emerging victor in the early years of an online battle with the Tumblr left, and explores how the alt-right crossed over from marginal anonymized websites into “mainstream public and political life” alongside Trump’s race for the presidency. Keywords: alt; left; nagle; right
• Alt-America: The Rise of the Radical Right in the Age of Trump. by Beardsworth, Adam (2020) - This hate- filled missive, which is included in David Neiwert’s magisterial Alt-America: The Rise of the Radical Right in the Age of Trump, supports Neiwert’s thesis that Trump’s presidency has both emboldened and legitimated the far-right movements that helped secure his election. For Neiwert, Trump’s election to the nation’s highest office is not particularly surprising given the decades-long gestation of Alt-America, which he defines as “an alternative universe that has a powerful resemblance to our own, except that it’s a completely different America, the nation its residents have concocted and reconfigured in their imaginations” (33). Keywords: alt; neiwert; right; trump

• Political Poetry by Daggett, Lyle (2010) - The fact is that left- wing political poetry, taken as a whole, is better poetry than poetry in which the poet has tried to leave politics out of it, or in which the poet has deliberately written from a right-wing perspective (I suppose a few examples of the latter do exist). Some people argue that there is much badly written political poetry — that much of it reads like a political pamphlet chopped into line breaks, or sing-song rhyming doggerel — and that this proves that political subject matter is not suited to poetry. Keywords: art; examples; left; poem; poetry; poets; thomas
• For a Left Populism by Weber, Barret (2020) - Pages: 1-98. Reviewed by Barret Weber1 For decades, political theorist Chantal Mouffe led efforts to outline a theory of politics capable of coming to terms with on-the-ground struggles generally referred to as New Social Movements. According to Mouffe and Laclau, a deepened and radicalized concept of hegemony was needed to bring about a new “ontology of the social,” which the authors thought was needed to escape problems they diagnosed in the canons of Marxism that reified social class as the a priori category of social and political analysis, as well as the regrettable conversion of social democracy to neoliberalism under “the third way” and New Labour. Keywords: left; mouffe; new

• Fr by Hall, Tiffany (2012) - Frölich’s wit- ness of the decline in mental health following her weakening physical state provides enough speculation for him to ask whether Luxemburg was the great leader they believed her to be: “…did her physical strength simply not suffice for the necessary tasks, or did this great leader, who as a theoretician and as a strategist of class struggle moved ahead with such unshakeable inner strength and tenac- ity, lack that crowning touch of the party leader who can make realis- tically sound judgments at critical moments irrespective of his mood Book Review: Rosa Luxemburg: Ideas in Action | 263 and who knows how to see to it that his decisions are carried out - that crowning touch which became Lenin’s second nature. Pages: 1-311. Reviewed by Tiffany Hall1 Rosa Luxemburg: Ideas in Action is the intellectual biography of Rosa Luxemburg and her role in socialist party movements in Poland, Russia, and Germany at the turn of the 20th century. Keywords: frölich; luxemburg; party
• Seeking Social Democracy: Seven Decades in the Fight for Equality by Fodor, Matt (2024) - The 1990s saw the emergence of Third Way social democracy, and Broadbent is highly critical of European social democratic leaders such as Tony Blair and Gerhard Schroder who pursued the “neoliberal project” and “led governments that introduced privatization and expanded the role of markets in areas that had been previously carved out of the market in the struggle for social rights.” But the prospects for egalitarian social democracy appear bleak a generation after the Third Way was officially declared; as historian Donald Sassoon put it in his recent book, Morbid Symptoms, “[t]raditional social democracy…has been comprehensively defeated almost everywhere…Most social democratic parties sooner or later embraced a policy of austerity, allowed wages to stagnate and inequalities to increase, and privatised services to an extent unimaginable thirty years ago.” Keywords: broadbent; democracy; layton; leadership; ndp; party

• STUDYING PSYCHOTHERAPEUTIC KNOWLEDGE: NOTES TOWARD A WORKING DEFINITION OF IDEOLOGY by Kandrack, Mary-Anne (2013) - the concept of ideology refers precisely to the objectification of social processes for the purpose of technical manipulation and control (as opposed to practical or emancipatory aims {Habermas, 1972}). This suggests that certain conceptualizations of social processes and human subjects ascribe to them fixed, immutable properties (ie., objectif ication) that circumscribe both conceptual and practical activity vis-a-vis the process/subject in question (ie., mystification). Keywords: concept; ideology; knowledge; thompson
• Reconsidering Knowledge: Feminism and the Academy by Fairbairn, Jordan (2015) - The seven substantive chapters in the book deal with one or more of three central themes: 1) the importance of feminist knowledge production; 2) challenges posed by neoliberal approaches to education and university corporatization; and 3) feminist scholarship as a form of activism and/or resistance to the increasingly corporate university environment. The lectures were held with the aim of “refocusing the lens on feminist knowledge in the academy” (15). Keywords: chapter; feminist; knowledge; university
• Navigating a Necessary Inequality: Children and Knowledge-Based Injustice by Baumtrog, Micheal D. (2018) - (Fricker, 2007, 22-29).6 Recent research has pointed to the impact of child testimonial injustice in the medical field. Although it appears that both Canadian and American legal systems are making improvements to account for what is being called “the voice of the child” (Welder, 2000; Chong and Connolly, 2015), a gap still remains between studies of child testimony and legal practice (Brainerd and Reyna, 2012; Birnbaum, 2009: Birnbaum and Saini, 2012). Keywords: case; children; experience; fricker; inequality; injustice; knowledge; resources; testimony

• Democracy without Journalism: Confronting the Misinformation Society by Ganguly, Shreyashi (2023) - Reviewed by Shreyashi Ganguly1 In June 2023, Canada passed the Bill C-18 which mandated the big tech companies such as Google and Meta to compensate online media organizations if they wished to continue displaying Canadian news content on their platforms. Victor Pickard’s book, Democracy without Journalism: Confronting the Misinformation Society (2019) recognizes this important interplay between media and capitalist reckonings and comes at this important juncture in history where capitalist considerations dictate the message on the medium but, more importantly, who gets to read said message. Keywords: journalism; media; pickard

• The Ecological Rift: Capitalism by Wilson, Samantha (2013) - For reasons that will be explored, I contend that the arguments made by Foster et al., provide not only a stronger analysis of the climate crisis but proposes stronger remedies for rectifying ongoing ecological degradation. Foster et al., argue that humanity has become alienated from its natural environment. Keywords: climate; foster; giddens

• Revolution at Point Zero: Housework, Reproduction, and Feminist Struggle by DiNovelli-Lang, Danielle (2013) - Otherwise, they are all very dif- ferent, and herein lies Federici’s most crucial contribution to the discussion of revolutionary subjects and subjectivities, most clearly articulated in the 2008 essay, “The Reproduction of Labor Power in the Global Economy and the Unfinished Feminist Revolution,” quoted above: By dismantling Marxist claims that capitalism has a progressive character (p.92) Federici frees us from the expectation that the revolution must come “after” it. Book Review: Revolution at Point Zero | 307 Book Review Revolution at Point Zero: Housework, Reproduction, and Feminist Struggle by Silvia Federici. Keywords: federici; labor; revolution
• The Robotic Imaginary: The Human & the Price of Dehumanized Labor by Grant-Young, Josh (2020) - “Caring”, the first chapter of The Robotic Imaginary, argues convincingly that A.I. and care labor – “a feminized and routinely undervalued form of labor” (31) – has always been (per Rhee) wrapped up in the history of A.I. Drawing on Joseph Weizenbaum’s Rogerian therapist A.I. named ELIZA, the character Helen in Richard Power’s novel Galatea 2.2, Samantha in the Spike Jonze film Her, and art installations featuring A.I., Rhee explores how Alan Turing’s foundational essay “Computing Machinery and Intelligence” sets the pace for care work to be a crucial part of A.I. labor (with care labour being an undervalued and unwaged one under capitalism). Rhee examines how in the 1990’s, a ‘turn’ towards emotions as a defining quality of the human experience (counter to the Enlightenment’s insistence on reason) arises in tandem with the development of machines who communicate with humans via emotional expression – termed ‘sociable robots’. Keywords: human; labor; rhee; robotic

• The New Poverty by Hudson, Carol-Anne (2019) - From this more intimate perspective we are reminded that, wherever we live in the Global North, policymaking that decouples economic growth from social welfare puts us all at risk of falling into poverty. This book seeks to set the record straight on the re-emergence of poverty in the UK and to alert readers to how the media reports and interprets social policy and facilitates a conservative ideological orientation. Keywords: armstrong; poverty; welfare

• Canada's 1960s: The Ironies of Identity in a Rebellious Era by Hilchey, Edward (2010) - Palmer sets the stage by contextualizing events within the broader history affect- ing Canada in the post-war era. Re-evaluating the personalities and movements of the 1960s, Palmer argues that the 60s push towards an equitable society acted as a catalyst for questioning Canada’s historic British identity. Keywords: 1960s; canada; identity; palmer
• Yellow Ribbons: The Militarization of National Identity in Canada by Speed, Shannon T. (2015) - In Yellow Ribbons: The Milita- rization of National Identity in Canada, McCready sets out to contextualize the cultural “shift” of an increasingly militarized Canada as reflected in Canadian national identity. Overall, McCready offers a descriptive and unapologetically critical look at the militariza- tion of Canadian national identity. Keywords: identity; mccready; military

• Disproportional Involvement in the Use of Crack and Powder Cocaine:Findings from the ArresteeDrug Abuse Monitoring (ADAM) Program by Yacoubian, George; Urbach, Blacke (2013) - Alternate Routes Article Disproportional Involvement in the Use of Crack and Powder Cocaine: Findings from the Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring (ADAM) Program George S. Yacoubian, Jr Blake J. Urbaclr Abstract Inspired by the crack cocaine epidemic of the mid-1980s, the United States Congress passed the Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1986, legislation that provided harsh new penalties for violations involving crack cocaine. This is a curious distinction given the similarities between crack cocaine and cocaine hydrochloride, the powder form of the drug from which crack is derived. Keywords: arrestees; cocaine; crack; crack cocaine; drug; journal; powder; self; use; yacoubian

• Brouwer, Steve. by Wetmore, Rebekah (2012) - Health care continued to improve including through the creation of Basic Health Teams and brigadistas sanitarias or health brigades in the end of the 1980’s. Both countries have made huge gains in traditional measures of health care and the social determinants of health but there are still prob- lems internally and abroad. Keywords: care; doctors; health

• State Power and Democracy: Before and After The Presidency Of George W. Bush by Tozzo, Brandon (2012) - Andrew Kolin’s book traces the centralization of control in the presidency at the expense of Congress and American democracy. For example, there is no discussion of why mass democracy movements such as the Black Panthers and the Socialist Party are favourable to American democracy, while others such as the religious right and Tea Party are not, since they are both mass movements albeit with different agendas. Keywords: american; bush; democracy

• Cockcroft, James. by Calnitsky, Naomi (2012) - Revolutionary struggles in contemporary Mexico enrich the narra- tive, which intertwines past and present. Then and Now is a welcome addi- tion to existing literature on Mexican revolutionary ideology, relevant for its assessment of the ways in which revolutionary ideas have shaped contemporary resistance movements. Keywords: cockcroft; mexico; revolution; revolutionary
• Gramsci on Tahrir: Revolution and Counter Revolution in Egypt by Farhan, Sara (2017) - Relying on existing historiography on revolutionary Egypt as well as journalistic accounts and interviews with demonstrators and activists, Marfleet pens the accounts of the diverse composition of the movements. Welcomed additions to a course on contemporary Egypt, Gramsci on Tahrir provides both, a detailed expansion of theoretical Marxist theories and historical context to the contemporary events while Egypt reveals that the Tahrir movements were the beginning of a revolutionary process that is still underway. Keywords: demonstrations; egypt; marfleet; revolution; smet

• Newsforum Colloquim: "Zadig's Method," the Historical Sciaices, Museums and the Performance of Progress by Robinson, David (2013) - Originally intoided to overcome the perceived impasse betweai 'culturalist' and 'struc- turalist' approadies in British cultural studies, the incorporation ofGramsci 's notion of 'hegemony'—a state ofmoral, cultural and political leadership that is actively won and not simply imposed upon subordinate social groups — offered the discipline a less mechanistic and monolithic view ofthe ideologi- cal domination of a ruling class or bloc. In British cultural studies, the turn to Gramsci signalled a profound shift in thinking. Keywords: bennett; museum; studies

• Dwyer, Augusta. by Fernandes, Sabrina (2012) - Although it is easy for the reader to get lost in the personal anecdotes of movement members, Dwyer’s narrative style is effective because it brings a human face back to the understanding of social movements. These include references made both by Dwyer and by the movement mem- bers themselves demonstrating how grassroots movements perceive the merging of theory and practice to be essential for the creation of alternatives. Keywords: dwyer; grassroots; movements; poverty

• The Radical Imagination: Social Movement Research in the Age of Austerity by Del Fa, Sophie (2017) - In their last part entitled “The Methods of Movements” they ask a central question: “How can social movement researchers and social movements themselves reimagine solidarity?” We, as social researchers, have to bring research outside the university, be it about social movements or in any other fields of research. Keywords: movements; research

• Sujet de Droit et Sujets de Droit: De la Pratique Juridique au Pluriel by Sansfacon, Daniel (2013) - Pourtant, la systematisation et la technique juridiques, dans la forme du droit et de la loi, presentent un caractere unifie sous les principes d'equite, de justice et de due process. L'erreur de loi, c'est celle du politique, qui, par son pouvoir impositif, pour assurer la dissuasion et la conforrute, instaure a la fois une responsabi 1 i t€ legale universelle: la connaissance de la loi, et une defense contre 85 cette responsabilite , au nora de la volonte lihre. Keywords: aussi; bien; c'est; cette; comme; connaissance; d'une; dans; des; discours; droit; est; etre; ici; juge; juridique; l'etat; law; les; loi; lui; mais; meme; nous; par; pas; peut; plus; pour; que; qui; son; sont; sujet; sur; une

• The United Nations and International Conflict Resolution by Herro, Anne (2013) - The idea of creating an on-call repertoire ofUN personnel from a variety of backgrounds, almost like a peacekeeping package would be a valid solution in addressing the issue of the quantity and quality of personnel that UNTAC and other UN missions have had to face. Why are UN resources always an issue? Keywords: cambodian; conflict; doyle; mandate; nations; peace; peacekeeping; united; untac

• Taking A Stand: A Review of Nancy E. Dowd's In Defense of Single-Parent Families. by Di Luzio, Linda (2013) - Dowd develops a very powerful and provocative argument in defense of lone-parent families by, first, exposing the many myths and miscon- ceptions surrounding this particular type of family and, second, juxta- posing these myths against the realities of what we 'know' about single- parent families. Moreover, given that the overwhelming majority of single parents are 'mothers', women have inevitably become the targets of blame for the emergence of such social ills. Keywords: families; family; parent

• Introduction: Braverman and Beyond by Myles, John (2013) - Such a work is Harry Braverman's Labor and Monopoly Capital and it is for this reason that Braverman's analysis of the degradation of work in the twentieth century was selected as the topic for a special symposium held at Carleton Univer- sity in the fall of 1977, a summary of which appears in the following pages. In agreeing to prepare this paper for the symposium, Burawoy accepted the difficult and challenging task of critiquing Braverman from within the perspective of Marxist analysis. Keywords: braverman

• Are you a Bengali or Are You Indian?: Bengalis in Canada by Das Gupta, Tania (2019) - N u n av u t Bengali speakers in Canada Bengali speakers in Canada 42 | Migration of Bengalis to Canada Are You a Bengali or Are You an Indian? | 39 40 | Migration of Bengalis to Canada 0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 C an ad a N ew f/ L ab P E I N S N B Q u e O n t M an S as k A lt a B .C . Keywords: indian

• Parker, R.G. Bodies, Pleasures and Passions : Sexual Culture in Contemporary Brazil by Turcotte, Michael (2013) - Only in the conclusion Parker specified that his study focuses on sexual culture in urban Brazil and not all Brazil. Richard Parker's first book keeps the attention of readers interested in sexual culture and gender studies. Keywords: brazil; parker

• Productivity and Prosperity: A Historical Sociology of Productivist Thought by Martin, Susan Marie (2021) - www.alternateroutes.ca ‖ Twitter @ARjcsr 3 ALTERNATE ROUTES: A JOURNAL OF CRITICAL SOCIAL RESEARCH The rest of the chapter surveys the deepening of the link between productivity and prosperity with the goals of government policy to the point that, at least in government circles, there was no turning back. The chapter on the Dominion Bureau of Statistics, now Statistics Canada, is one example how gathering and disseminating data about economic activity can work at a subliminal level on a population; in Foster’s words, “the presumed link between productivity and prosperity permeates stories, theories, and conversations that do not, on surface, appear to have much to do with productivity at all” including those as disparate as shorter workdays and stand-up desks (89). Keywords: canada; foster; productivity; prosperity

• False Positive: Private Profit in Canada by Komarnisky, Deborah (2013) - Sutherland maintains that the exclusive use of public non-profit organizations is the best way to increase access to medical care, control costs incurred by private for- profit medical care, integrate services, improve quality of healthcare and enhance the democratic control of health care in Canada. Sutherland also challenges whether Canadians have equal access to medical care and through the use of private for-profit medical labo- 312 | Climate Change and Its Discontents ratories. Keywords: medical; profit

• The Winter is Over: Writings on Transformation Denied 1989-1995 by Kingsmith, A.T. (2017) - Specifically, it maps the ways in which the politics of neo-liberal exposures and neo-nationalist enclosures of capital generate personalized and generalized forms of anxiety. Alternate ROutes: A Journal of Critical Social Research www.alternateroutes.ca ‖ Twitter @ARjcsr 1 ALTERNATE ROUTES: A JOURNAL OF CRITICAL SOCIAL RESEARCH BOOK REVIEW The Winter is Over: Writings on Transformation Denied 1989-1995, by Antonio Negri. Keywords: form; negri; transformation; winter

• New Directions in the Study of African American Recolonization by Rothera, Evan C. (2020) - Pages 1 – 356. Reviewed by Evan C. Rothera1 Too often, for a number of reasons, scholars rush through colonization when they teach U.S. history. Beverly C. Tomek, currently associate chair of humanities at the University of Houston-Victoria and Matthew J. Hetrick, who teaches history at the Bryn Mawr School, have assembled an excellent volume that challenges much of what scholars think they know about colonization. Keywords: acs; colonization; liberia; u.s

• Eyes Wide Shut by Erdagi, Bora (2010) - Alice suddenly starts asking Bill questions about their relationship. This confession shatters Bill’s preconceived beliefs about his marriage as well as his own being. Keywords: alice; bill; dream; position

• Engler, Yves. by Spagnuolo, Natalie (2012) - In Canada and Israel: Building Apartheid, Engler problematizes the claims of current analysts, such the former Canadian Ambassador to Israel Michael Bell,3 who would like to see greater Canadian involvement in the Middle East. Pages: 1-168. Reviewed by Natalie Spagnuolo1 Canada’s policy towards Israel constitutes a minefield of contentious issues which historians of Canadian foreign relations seldom directly address. Keywords: canada; engler; israel

• LA FOLIE AU DECLIN DU MOYEN-AGE by Labelle, Paul (2013) - Dorenavant , le clerge inclut tout savoir, tels que le paganisme, la science et la sorcellerie, qu'il considere comme dangereux parmi les heresies. De nouveaux liens s ' etabl issent entre la folie, la sorcellerie et le diable. Keywords: age; cette; comme; dans; des; folie; les; moyen; par; que; qui; sorcellerie; une

• Global Village Chic: "Multicultural Fashion" and the Commodification of Pluralism by Bennett, Nicole (2013) - In representing non-western cultures as existing in the past, and in reducing their cultural products to signifiers of exoti- cism, western designers are in fact dehistoricising and decontexualizing the communities whose products have inspired the various elements of different ethnic fashion collections. Clearly, the in- fluence of ethnic fashion is limited by its structural location within the larger systems of meaning-making which serve to £$% produce and reproduce our cultural understandings of ethnic and cultural differences. Keywords: collection; cultures; difference; ethnic; ethnicity; ethno; exoticism; fashion; gaultier; products; village; vogue

• Can We Really Have a Jaiga (Space) in a New Place? An Ethnographic Quest of Migration, Identity, and Contributions of Bengalis in Manitoba by Haque, C. Emdad; Mohiuddin, Helal (2019) - 52 | Migration of Bengalis to Canada 0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 N o . | 53 54 | Migration of Bengalis to Canada Keywords: place

• An Oral History of Bengali Immigrants in British Columbia: 1960-2017 by Bhattachararyya, Supriya (2019) - 76 | Migration of Bengalis to Canada An Oral History of Bengali Immigrants in British Columbia: 1960 - 2017 | 77 78 | Migration of Bengalis to Canada 0 5 10 15 20 1960-1969 1970-1979 1980-1989 1990-1999 2000-2010 Participants By Year of Arrival An Oral History of Bengali Immigrants in British Columbia: 1960 - 2017 | 79 80 | Migration of Bengalis to Canada An Oral History of Bengali Immigrants in British Columbia: 1960 - 2017 | 81 82 | Migration of Bengalis to Canada 0 5 10 15 20 Education/Profession Education/Profession An Oral History of Bengali Immigrants in British Columbia: 1960 - 2017 | 83 Employment Status In field of training Underemployed Did not seek employment 84 | Migration of Bengalis to Canada An Oral History of Bengali Immigrants in British Columbia: 1960 - 2017 | 85 86 | Migration of Bengalis to Canada An Oral History of Bengali Immigrants in British Columbia: 1960 - 2017 | 87 88 | Migration of Bengalis to Canada An Oral History of Bengali Immigrants in British Columbia: 1960 - 2017 | 89 https://weblearn.ox.ac.uk/access/content/group/123d20aa-ac83-481d-80bf-3168eaa53a58/Canada.doc https://weblearn.ox.ac.uk/access/content/group/123d20aa-ac83-481d-80bf-3168eaa53a58/Canada.doc https://www.straight.com/news/408561/nobel-prize-winner-rabindranath-tagore-visited-sikh-temple-during-vancouver-visit https://www.straight.com/news/408561/nobel-prize-winner-rabindranath-tagore-visited-sikh-temple-during-vancouver-visit Keywords: immigrants

• Migration of Bengalis to Canada: History, Settlement, Identity and Social Justice by Zaman, Habiba; Habib, Sanzida (2019) - Migration of Bengalis to Canada | 7 8 | Migration of Bengalis to Canada Migration of Bengalis to Canada | 9 10 | Migration of Bengalis to Canada Migration of Bengalis to Canada | 11 12 | Migration of Bengalis to Canada Migration of Bengalis to Canada | 13 14 | Migration of Bengalis to Canada Keywords: migration

• The Smokey Bear Performance Rules by Hermer, Joseph (2013) - Every summer Smokey Bear costumes are dispatched in crates across North America to parks to be animated in visitor service and nature interpretation programs. These Smokey Bear rules which park staff are expected to follow when suited up in the Smokey costume, nicely illustrate the important distinction made by H.L.A. Hart between primary and secondary rules, between rules that order regulatory objects, and rules that regulate the agents of regulation (Hart, 1961). Keywords: bear; fire; forest; mnr; park; rules; smokey

• The New Old World by Henry, Aaron (2015) - As Anderson outlines, the intel- lectual history of Europe was one characterized by disequilibrium and equilibrium, a progression of historical forces pushed by ‘left’ and ‘right’, without either ever obtaining intellectual hegemony (504). Anderson’s primary argument is that Europe has now entered a period of economic, political, social, and cultural decline. Keywords: anderson; decline; europe

• El diario del Che en Bolivia by Etcheverry, Gabrielle (2013) - Book Review: El diario del Che en Bolivia | 313 Book Review El diario del Che en Bolivia by Ernesto Che Guevara. “Introduction” in The Bolivarian Diary of Ernesto Che Guevara by Ernesto Che Guevara. Keywords: bolivia; che; diary; guevara

• Not Good Enough For Canada: Canadian Public Discourse around Issues of Inadmissability for Potential Immigrants with Diseases and/or Disabilities 1902-2002 by Martin, Susan Marie (2021) - Alternate ROutes: A Journal of Critical Social Research www.alternateroutes.ca ‖ Twitter @ARjcsr 1 ALTERNATE ROUTES: A JOURNAL OF CRITICAL SOCIAL RESEARCH BOOK REVIEW Not Good Enough For Canada: Canadian Public Discourse around Issues of Inadmissability for Potential Immigrants with Diseases and/or Disabilities 1902-2002, by Valentina Capurri. Amidst the current debate over vaccination passports and international travel, an understanding of Canada’s historical measures ensuring medical admissibility at its borders is very appropriate. Keywords: canada; capurri; disabilities; research

• The Politics of Genocide by Nelson, Matthew (2012) - When systematic violence is carried out by US clients—such as Indo- nesia in East Timor from 1975-1999, Israel in the Gaza Strip and West Bank from 1967 to the present, or Rwanda and Uganda in Congo—they are viewed by the US political establishment as Benign and not worthy of condemnation. 300 | Uniting Struggles: Critical Social Research in Critical Times Book Review the politics of genocide by Edward S. Herman and David Peterson. Keywords: genocide; herman; imperialism; international

• Jos by Hawkins, Matthew (2013) - As a major influence on Latin American heterodox approaches to Marxism as well as other critical intellectual trends including decolonialist, dependency, and liberation theology perspec- tives, Mariátegui has been an important reference for many movements and political actors from the region in their challenges to neoliberalism and global capitalism. To create a ‘sense of the world’ – achieved through a contextual and historical analysis of the contemporary reality – for Mariátegui is the opening for transforming the dominant social relations. Keywords: anthology; mariátegui; peru

• THE OBAMA SYNDROME: SURRENDER AT HOME, WAR ABROAD by D'Orazio, Dax (2016) - The main setback is its polemical nature that fails to consider how American policy might be different with Obama’s rivals in the White House, Democrat or Republican. After two consecutive terms and a series of major legislative initiatives ranging from health care reform to the Iranian nuclear deal, there will be no shortage of political accounting attempting to reconcile Obama’s campaign words and his elected deeds. Keywords: ali; american; obama

• MR. BIG: EXPOSING UNDERCOVER INVESTIGATIONS IN CANADA by Wallis, Allison (2016) - Mr. Big | 347 MR. Once the target has become involved in the fabricated criminal organization, undercover operatives, posing as crime bosses, suggest that criminal charges or suspicions of guilt can be disappeared under the condition that she or he fully discloses to Mr. Big the details of her or his involvement in the crime. Keywords: big; technique

• Bengali Immigrant Women: Health and Well-Being by Habib, Sanziba (2019) - 90 | Migration of Bengalis to Canada Bengali Immigrant Women: Health and Wellbeing | 91 92 | Migration of Bengalis to Canada Bengali Immigrant Women: Health and Wellbeing | 93 94 | Migration of Bengalis to Canada Bengali Immigrant Women: Health and Wellbeing | 95 96 | Migration of Bengalis to Canada Bengali Immigrant Women: Health and Wellbeing | 97 98 | Migration of Bengalis to Canada Bengali Immigrant Women: Health and Wellbeing | 99 100 | Migration of Bengalis to Canada Bengali Immigrant Women: Health and Wellbeing | 101 102 | Migration of Bengalis to Canada Bengali Immigrant Women: Health and Wellbeing | 103 104 | Migration of Bengalis to Canada Bengali Immigrant Women: Health and Wellbeing | 105 http://hdl.handle.net/2429/42855 106 | Migration of Bengalis to Canada https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-244X-14-154 Bengali Immigrant Women: Health and Wellbeing | 107 http://gas.sagepub.com/search?author1=GLENDA+WALL&sortspec=date&submit=Submit Keywords: bengali

• Empowerment: Intercultural Activities in a Community Garden by Datta, Ranjan (2019) - 108 | Migration of Bengalis to Canada Empowerment: Intercultural Activities in a Community Garden | 109 110 | Migration of Bengalis to Canada Empowerment: Intercultural Activities in a Community Garden | 111 112 | Migration of Bengalis to Canada Empowerment: Intercultural Activities in a Community Garden | 113 114 | Migration of Bengalis to Canada Empowerment: Intercultural Activities in a Community Garden | 115 • • • • • • • 116 | Migration of Bengalis to Canada Empowerment: Intercultural Activities in a Community Garden | 117 118 | Migration of Bengalis to Canada Empowerment: Intercultural Activities in a Community Garden | 119 120 | Migration of Bengalis to Canada Empowerment: Intercultural Activities in a Community Garden | 121 122 | Migration of Bengalis to Canada Empowerment: Intercultural Activities in a Community Garden | 123 124 | Migration of Bengalis to Canada Empowerment: Intercultural Activities in a Community Garden | 125 126 | Migration of Bengalis to Canada http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/meeting-with-newcomers-aims-to-counter-stereotypes-of-indigenous-people-1.3423438 http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/meeting-with-newcomers-aims-to-counter-stereotypes-of-indigenous-people-1.3423438 Empowerment: Intercultural Activities in a Community Garden | 127 http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/journalist-bridges-connection-between-refugees-and-indigenous-people-1.4115311 http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/journalist-bridges-connection-between-refugees-and-indigenous-people-1.4115311 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13549839.2013.818957 128 | Migration of Bengalis to Canada https://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/news_attachments/english_annual_report-2015.pdf https://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/news_attachments/english_annual_report-2015.pdf http://www.internal-displacement.org/assets/library/Asia/Bangladesh/pdf/Bangladesh-Overview-Jul09.pdf http://www.internal-displacement.org/assets/library/Asia/Bangladesh/pdf/Bangladesh-Overview-Jul09.pdf http://www.internal-displacement.org/assets/library/Asia/Bangladesh/pdf/Bangladesh-Overview-Jul09.pdf http://www.southasianrights.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/10/Status-of-Minorities-Bangladesh-2010.pdf http://www.southasianrights.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/10/Status-of-Minorities-Bangladesh-2010.pdf Empowerment: Intercultural Activities in a Community Garden | 129 https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.090292 http://www.ryerson.ca/content/dam/rcis/documents/RCIS_WP_Neborak_No_2013_8.pdf http://www.ryerson.ca/content/dam/rcis/documents/RCIS_WP_Neborak_No_2013_8.pdf 130 | Migration of Bengalis to Canada https://doi.org/10.1177/0959353509105630 http://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/documents/5session_factsheet1.pdf http://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/documents/5session_factsheet1.pdf https://www.state.gov/documents/organization/265744.pdf Challenges for Internationally Trained Engineers in BC | 131 Keywords: activities

• Challenges for Internationally Trained Engineers in BC and the Role of the Bangladeshi Engineers' Association by Bhuiyan, Iqbal Hossain (2019) - Challenges for Internationally Trained Engineers in BC | 131 132 | Migration of Bengalis to Canada https://engineerscanada.ca/regulatory-excellence/engineering-regulators Challenges for Internationally Trained Engineers in BC | 133 134 | Migration of Bengalis to Canada Challenges for Internationally Trained Engineers in BC | 135 • • • • • • • • • • 136 | Migration of Bengalis to Canada Challenges for Internationally Trained Engineers in BC | 137 • • 138 | Migration of Bengalis to Canada Challenges for Internationally Trained Engineers in BC | 139 140 | Migration of Bengalis to Canada Challenges for Internationally Trained Engineers in BC | 141 https://engineerscanada.ca/frequently-asked-questions http://www.bdhcottawa.ca/bilateral-relations/bangladesh-diaspora-in-canada http://www.bdhcottawa.ca/bilateral-relations/bangladesh-diaspora-in-canada Keywords: challenges

• Expanding the Frame/ing of Gendered Violence: A Multidimensional Analysis of Gendered Workplace Violence by Law, Tuulia; Bruckert, Chris (2021) - Expanding the Frame/ing of Gendered Violence | 111 112 | Work for Change Expanding the Frame/ing of Gendered Violence | 113 114 | Work for Change Expanding the Frame/ing of Gendered Violence | 115 116 | Work for Change Expanding the Frame/ing of Gendered Violence | 117 118 | Work for Change Expanding the Frame/ing of Gendered Violence | 119 120 | Work for Change Expanding the Frame/ing of Gendered Violence | 121 122 | Work for Change Expanding the Frame/ing of Gendered Violence | 123 124 | Work for Change Expanding the Frame/ing of Gendered Violence | 125 126 | Work for Change Expanding the Frame/ing of Gendered Violence | 127 128 | Work for Change Expanding the Frame/ing of Gendered Violence | 129 130 | Work for Change Expanding the Frame/ing of Gendered Violence | 131 http://canadianlabour.ca/issues-research/ending-violence-against-women http://canadianlabour.ca/issues-research/ending-violence-against-women 132 | Work for Change http://www.forces.gc.ca/en/caf-community-support-services/external-review-sexual-mh-2015/summary.page http://www.forces.gc.ca/en/caf-community-support-services/external-review-sexual-mh-2015/summary.page http://www.forces.gc.ca/en/caf-community-support-services/external-review-sexual-mh-2015/summary.page https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dbZBmg9gSXY Expanding the Frame/ing of Gendered Violence | 133 https://www.policyalternatives.ca/sites/default/files/uploads/publications/National%20Office/2016/03/Making_Women_Count2016.pdf https://www.policyalternatives.ca/sites/default/files/uploads/publications/National%20Office/2016/03/Making_Women_Count2016.pdf 134 | Work for Change https://ofl.ca/wp-content/uploads/2002.01.01-Report-EducationPrivatization.pdf https://ofl.ca/wp-content/uploads/2002.01.01-Report-EducationPrivatization.pdf Expanding the Frame/ing of Gendered Violence | 135 https://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/dai/smr08/2014/smr08_190_2014 https://secure.everyaction.com/_h5eDXISikSh1OUJceoVvQ2 https://timesupnow.org/work/equity/leveling-the-playing-field-establishing-equity-at-work/ https://timesupnow.org/work/equity/leveling-the-playing-field-establishing-equity-at-work/ 136 | Work for Change Keywords: frame

Epilogue

For more detail, about this study carrel, see the computed home page. For more detail about study carrels in general, see the read me file.

Created: 2025-12-24