id	sid	tid	token	lemma	pos
ar-22395	1	1	illegalized	illegalize	VERB
ar-22395	1	2	’	'	PUNCT
ar-22395	1	3	migrant	migrant	ADJ
ar-22395	1	4	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	1	5	|	|	ADV
ar-22395	1	6	109	109	NUM
ar-22395	1	7	‘	'	PUNCT
ar-22395	1	8	illegalized	illegalize	VERB
ar-22395	1	9	’	'	PUNCT
ar-22395	1	10	migrant	migrant	ADJ
ar-22395	1	11	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	1	12	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	1	13	the	the	DET
ar-22395	1	14	struggle	struggle	NOUN
ar-22395	1	15	for	for	ADP
ar-22395	1	16	a	a	DET
ar-22395	1	17	living	live	VERB
ar-22395	1	18	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	1	19	charity­ann	charity­ann	NOUN
ar-22395	1	20	hannan1	hannan1	PROPN
ar-22395	1	21	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	1	22	harald	harald	PROPN
ar-22395	1	23	bauder2	bauder2	PROPN
ar-22395	1	24	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	1	25	john	john	PROPN
ar-22395	1	26	shields3	shields3	PROPN
ar-22395	1	27	abstract	abstract	PROPN
ar-22395	1	28	:	:	PUNCT
ar-22395	1	29	a	a	DET
ar-22395	1	30	higher	high	ADJ
ar-22395	1	31	proportion	proportion	NOUN
ar-22395	1	32	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	1	33	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	1	34	are	be	AUX
ar-22395	1	35	earning	earn	VERB
ar-22395	1	36	sub	sub	ADJ
ar-22395	1	37	-	-	ADJ
ar-22395	1	38	poverty	poverty	ADJ
ar-22395	1	39	wages	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	1	40	today	today	NOUN
ar-22395	1	41	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	1	42	compared	compare	VERB
ar-22395	1	43	to	to	ADP
ar-22395	1	44	few	few	ADJ
ar-22395	1	45	decades	decade	NOUN
ar-22395	1	46	ago	ago	ADV
ar-22395	1	47	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	2	1	illegalized	illegalize	VERB
ar-22395	2	2	migrant	migrant	ADJ
ar-22395	2	3	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	2	4	have	have	AUX
ar-22395	2	5	been	be	AUX
ar-22395	2	6	disproportionately	disproportionately	ADV
ar-22395	2	7	affected	affect	VERB
ar-22395	2	8	by	by	ADP
ar-22395	2	9	this	this	DET
ar-22395	2	10	trend	trend	NOUN
ar-22395	2	11	through	through	ADP
ar-22395	2	12	super	super	ADJ
ar-22395	2	13	-	-	ADJ
ar-22395	2	14	exploitative	exploitative	ADJ
ar-22395	2	15	employer	employer	NOUN
ar-22395	2	16	practices	practice	NOUN
ar-22395	2	17	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	3	1	to	to	PART
ar-22395	3	2	improve	improve	VERB
ar-22395	3	3	the	the	DET
ar-22395	3	4	wages	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	3	5	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	3	6	low	low	ADJ
ar-22395	3	7	-	-	PUNCT
ar-22395	3	8	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	3	9	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	3	10	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	3	11	members	member	NOUN
ar-22395	3	12	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	3	13	unions	union	NOUN
ar-22395	3	14	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	3	15	community	community	NOUN
ar-22395	3	16	groups	group	NOUN
ar-22395	3	17	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	3	18	activists	activist	NOUN
ar-22395	3	19	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	3	20	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	3	21	support	support	NOUN
ar-22395	3	22	coalitions	coalition	NOUN
ar-22395	3	23	have	have	AUX
ar-22395	3	24	launched	launch	VERB
ar-22395	3	25	living	living	NOUN
ar-22395	3	26	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	3	27	campaigns	campaign	NOUN
ar-22395	3	28	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	3	29	cities	city	NOUN
ar-22395	3	30	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	3	31	the	the	DET
ar-22395	3	32	usa	usa	PROPN
ar-22395	3	33	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	3	34	uk	uk	PROPN
ar-22395	3	35	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	3	36	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	3	37	more	more	ADV
ar-22395	3	38	recently	recently	ADV
ar-22395	3	39	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	3	40	canada	canada	PROPN
ar-22395	3	41	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	4	1	recognizing	recognize	VERB
ar-22395	4	2	that	that	SCONJ
ar-22395	4	3	illegalized	illegalize	VERB
ar-22395	4	4	migrant	migrant	ADJ
ar-22395	4	5	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	4	6	’	’	PART
ar-22395	4	7	lack	lack	NOUN
ar-22395	4	8	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	4	9	legal	legal	ADJ
ar-22395	4	10	status	status	NOUN
ar-22395	4	11	is	be	AUX
ar-22395	4	12	valuable	valuable	ADJ
ar-22395	4	13	to	to	ADP
ar-22395	4	14	neoliberalism	neoliberalism	NOUN
ar-22395	4	15	’s	’s	PART
ar-22395	4	16	economic	economic	ADJ
ar-22395	4	17	“	"	PUNCT
ar-22395	4	18	success	success	NOUN
ar-22395	4	19	”	"	PUNCT
ar-22395	4	20	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	4	21	yet	yet	CCONJ
ar-22395	4	22	at	at	ADP
ar-22395	4	23	the	the	DET
ar-22395	4	24	same	same	ADJ
ar-22395	4	25	time	time	NOUN
ar-22395	4	26	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	4	27	subjects	subject	VERB
ar-22395	4	28	them	they	PRON
ar-22395	4	29	to	to	PART
ar-22395	4	30	arrest	arrest	VERB
ar-22395	4	31	and/or	and/or	CCONJ
ar-22395	4	32	deportation	deportation	NOUN
ar-22395	4	33	by	by	ADP
ar-22395	4	34	federal	federal	ADJ
ar-22395	4	35	immigration	immigration	NOUN
ar-22395	4	36	authorities	authority	NOUN
ar-22395	4	37	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	4	38	this	this	DET
ar-22395	4	39	paper	paper	NOUN
ar-22395	4	40	examines	examine	VERB
ar-22395	4	41	modern	modern	ADJ
ar-22395	4	42	living	living	NOUN
ar-22395	4	43	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	4	44	campaigns	campaign	NOUN
ar-22395	4	45	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	4	46	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	4	47	how	how	SCONJ
ar-22395	4	48	they	they	PRON
ar-22395	4	49	have	have	AUX
ar-22395	4	50	incorporated	incorporate	VERB
ar-22395	4	51	the	the	DET
ar-22395	4	52	situation	situation	NOUN
ar-22395	4	53	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	4	54	illegalized	illegalize	VERB
ar-22395	4	55	migrant	migrant	ADJ
ar-22395	4	56	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	4	57	into	into	ADP
ar-22395	4	58	their	their	PRON
ar-22395	4	59	agenda	agenda	NOUN
ar-22395	4	60	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	5	1	a	a	DET
ar-22395	5	2	review	review	NOUN
ar-22395	5	3	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	5	4	the	the	DET
ar-22395	5	5	literature	literature	NOUN
ar-22395	5	6	shows	show	VERB
ar-22395	5	7	that	that	SCONJ
ar-22395	5	8	living	live	VERB
ar-22395	5	9	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	5	10	campaigns	campaign	NOUN
ar-22395	5	11	have	have	AUX
ar-22395	5	12	not	not	PART
ar-22395	5	13	been	be	AUX
ar-22395	5	14	very	very	ADV
ar-22395	5	15	successful	successful	ADJ
ar-22395	5	16	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	5	17	achieving	achieve	VERB
ar-22395	5	18	their	their	PRON
ar-22395	5	19	broad	broad	ADJ
ar-22395	5	20	goals	goal	NOUN
ar-22395	5	21	while	while	SCONJ
ar-22395	5	22	at	at	ADP
ar-22395	5	23	the	the	DET
ar-22395	5	24	same	same	ADJ
ar-22395	5	25	time	time	NOUN
ar-22395	5	26	protecting	protect	VERB
ar-22395	5	27	low	low	ADJ
ar-22395	5	28	-	-	PUNCT
ar-22395	5	29	waged	wage	VERB
ar-22395	5	30	illegalized	illegalize	VERB
ar-22395	5	31	migrant	migrant	ADJ
ar-22395	5	32	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	5	33	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	6	1	these	these	DET
ar-22395	6	2	findings	finding	NOUN
ar-22395	6	3	indicate	indicate	VERB
ar-22395	6	4	that	that	SCONJ
ar-22395	6	5	current	current	ADJ
ar-22395	6	6	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	6	7	future	future	ADJ
ar-22395	6	8	living	living	NOUN
ar-22395	6	9	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	6	10	campaigns	campaign	NOUN
ar-22395	6	11	should	should	AUX
ar-22395	6	12	consider	consider	VERB
ar-22395	6	13	working	work	VERB
ar-22395	6	14	closely	closely	ADV
ar-22395	6	15	with	with	ADP
ar-22395	6	16	sanctuary	sanctuary	ADJ
ar-22395	6	17	city	city	NOUN
ar-22395	6	18	campaigns	campaign	NOUN
ar-22395	6	19	to	to	PART
ar-22395	6	20	improve	improve	VERB
ar-22395	6	21	their	their	PRON
ar-22395	6	22	strategies	strategy	NOUN
ar-22395	6	23	for	for	ADP
ar-22395	6	24	protecting	protect	VERB
ar-22395	6	25	illegalized	illegalize	VERB
ar-22395	6	26	migrants	migrant	NOUN
ar-22395	6	27	from	from	ADP
ar-22395	6	28	arrest	arrest	NOUN
ar-22395	6	29	and/or	and/or	CCONJ
ar-22395	6	30	deportation	deportation	NOUN
ar-22395	6	31	while	while	SCONJ
ar-22395	6	32	working	work	VERB
ar-22395	6	33	to	to	PART
ar-22395	6	34	improve	improve	VERB
ar-22395	6	35	the	the	DET
ar-22395	6	36	working	work	VERB
ar-22395	6	37	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	6	38	living	living	NOUN
ar-22395	6	39	conditions	condition	NOUN
ar-22395	6	40	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	6	41	low	low	ADJ
ar-22395	6	42	-	-	PUNCT
ar-22395	6	43	waged	wage	VERB
ar-22395	6	44	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	6	45	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	6	46	including	include	VERB
ar-22395	6	47	the	the	DET
ar-22395	6	48	illegalized	illegalize	VERB
ar-22395	6	49	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	7	1	keywords	keyword	NOUN
ar-22395	7	2	:	:	PUNCT
ar-22395	7	3	living	live	VERB
ar-22395	7	4	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	7	5	;	;	PUNCT
ar-22395	7	6	poverty	poverty	NOUN
ar-22395	7	7	;	;	PUNCT
ar-22395	7	8	illegalized	illegalize	VERB
ar-22395	7	9	migrants	migrant	NOUN
ar-22395	7	10	;	;	PUNCT
ar-22395	7	11	exploitation	exploitation	NOUN
ar-22395	7	12	;	;	PUNCT
ar-22395	7	13	rights	right	NOUN
ar-22395	7	14	“	"	PUNCT
ar-22395	7	15	…	…	PUNCT
ar-22395	7	16	the	the	DET
ar-22395	7	17	basic	basic	ADJ
ar-22395	7	18	premise	premise	NOUN
ar-22395	7	19	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	7	20	the	the	DET
ar-22395	7	21	living	live	VERB
ar-22395	7	22	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	7	23	movement	movement	NOUN
ar-22395	7	24	could	could	AUX
ar-22395	7	25	not	not	PART
ar-22395	7	26	be	be	AUX
ar-22395	7	27	more	more	ADV
ar-22395	7	28	simple	simple	ADJ
ar-22395	7	29	:	:	PUNCT
ar-22395	7	30	that	that	SCONJ
ar-22395	7	31	anyone	anyone	PRON
ar-22395	7	32	who	who	PRON
ar-22395	7	33	works	work	VERB
ar-22395	7	34	for	for	ADP
ar-22395	7	35	a	a	DET
ar-22395	7	36	living	living	NOUN
ar-22395	7	37	should	should	AUX
ar-22395	7	38	not	not	PART
ar-22395	7	39	have	have	VERB
ar-22395	7	40	to	to	PART
ar-22395	7	41	raise	raise	VERB
ar-22395	7	42	a	a	DET
ar-22395	7	43	family	family	NOUN
ar-22395	7	44	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	7	45	poverty	poverty	NOUN
ar-22395	7	46	”	"	PUNCT
ar-22395	7	47	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	7	48	pollin	pollin	NOUN
ar-22395	7	49	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	7	50	luce	luce	PROPN
ar-22395	7	51	1998	1998	NUM
ar-22395	7	52	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	7	53	1	1	NUM
ar-22395	7	54	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	7	55	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	8	1	1	1	NUM
ar-22395	8	2	charity­ann	charity­ann	PROPN
ar-22395	8	3	hannan	hannan	PROPN
ar-22395	8	4	is	be	AUX
ar-22395	8	5	a	a	DET
ar-22395	8	6	phd	phd	NOUN
ar-22395	8	7	candidate	candidate	NOUN
ar-22395	8	8	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	8	9	policy	policy	NOUN
ar-22395	8	10	studies	study	NOUN
ar-22395	8	11	at	at	ADP
ar-22395	8	12	ryerson	ryerson	NOUN
ar-22395	8	13	university	university	NOUN
ar-22395	8	14	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	9	1	the	the	DET
ar-22395	9	2	authors	author	NOUN
ar-22395	9	3	thank	thank	VERB
ar-22395	9	4	natasha	natasha	PROPN
ar-22395	9	5	pei	pei	PROPN
ar-22395	9	6	from	from	ADP
ar-22395	9	7	canadian	canadian	ADJ
ar-22395	9	8	living	living	NOUN
ar-22395	9	9	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	9	10	movement	movement	NOUN
ar-22395	9	11	for	for	ADP
ar-22395	9	12	advice	advice	NOUN
ar-22395	9	13	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	9	14	acknowledge	acknowledge	VERB
ar-22395	9	15	support	support	NOUN
ar-22395	9	16	from	from	ADP
ar-22395	9	17	the	the	DET
ar-22395	9	18	sshrc	sshrc	NOUN
ar-22395	9	19	grant	grant	NOUN
ar-22395	9	20	policy	policy	NOUN
ar-22395	9	21	engagement	engagement	NOUN
ar-22395	9	22	at	at	ADP
ar-22395	9	23	multiple	multiple	ADJ
ar-22395	9	24	levels	level	NOUN
ar-22395	9	25	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	9	26	governance	governance	NOUN
ar-22395	9	27	:	:	PUNCT
ar-22395	9	28	a	a	DET
ar-22395	9	29	case	case	NOUN
ar-22395	9	30	study	study	NOUN
ar-22395	9	31	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	9	32	the	the	DET
ar-22395	9	33	living	live	VERB
ar-22395	9	34	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	9	35	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	9	36	minimum	minimum	NOUN
ar-22395	9	37	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	9	38	policy	policy	NOUN
ar-22395	9	39	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	10	1	2	2	NUM
ar-22395	10	2	harald	harald	PROPN
ar-22395	10	3	bauder	bauder	PROPN
ar-22395	10	4	is	be	AUX
ar-22395	10	5	professor	professor	NOUN
ar-22395	10	6	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	10	7	the	the	DET
ar-22395	10	8	graduate	graduate	NOUN
ar-22395	10	9	program	program	NOUN
ar-22395	10	10	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	10	11	immigration	immigration	NOUN
ar-22395	10	12	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	10	13	settlement	settlement	NOUN
ar-22395	10	14	studies	study	NOUN
ar-22395	10	15	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	10	16	the	the	DET
ar-22395	10	17	department	department	NOUN
ar-22395	10	18	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	10	19	geography	geography	NOUN
ar-22395	10	20	at	at	ADP
ar-22395	10	21	ryerson	ryerson	NOUN
ar-22395	10	22	university	university	NOUN
ar-22395	10	23	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	11	1	3	3	NUM
ar-22395	11	2	john	john	PROPN
ar-22395	11	3	shields	shields	PROPN
ar-22395	11	4	is	be	AUX
ar-22395	11	5	professor	professor	NOUN
ar-22395	11	6	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	11	7	the	the	DET
ar-22395	11	8	department	department	NOUN
ar-22395	11	9	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	11	10	politics	politic	NOUN
ar-22395	11	11	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	11	12	public	public	ADJ
ar-22395	11	13	administration	administration	NOUN
ar-22395	11	14	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	11	15	a	a	DET
ar-22395	11	16	faculty	faculty	NOUN
ar-22395	11	17	member	member	NOUN
ar-22395	11	18	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	11	19	the	the	DET
ar-22395	11	20	graduate	graduate	NOUN
ar-22395	11	21	program	program	NOUN
ar-22395	11	22	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	11	23	immigration	immigration	NOUN
ar-22395	11	24	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	11	25	settlement	settlement	NOUN
ar-22395	11	26	studies	study	NOUN
ar-22395	11	27	at	at	ADP
ar-22395	11	28	ryerson	ryerson	NOUN
ar-22395	11	29	university	university	NOUN
ar-22395	11	30	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	12	1	110	110	NUM
ar-22395	12	2	|	|	ADV
ar-22395	12	3	precarious	precarious	ADJ
ar-22395	12	4	work	work	NOUN
ar-22395	12	5	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	12	6	the	the	DET
ar-22395	12	7	struggle	struggle	NOUN
ar-22395	12	8	for	for	ADP
ar-22395	12	9	living	live	VERB
ar-22395	12	10	wages	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	12	11	“	"	PUNCT
ar-22395	12	12	…	…	PUNCT
ar-22395	12	13	irregular	irregular	ADJ
ar-22395	12	14	/	/	SYM
ar-22395	12	15	undocumented	undocumented	ADJ
ar-22395	12	16	/	/	SYM
ar-22395	12	17	clandestine	clandestine	ADJ
ar-22395	12	18	migrants	migrant	NOUN
ar-22395	12	19	[	[	X
ar-22395	12	20	illegalized	illegalize	VERB
ar-22395	12	21	migrants	migrant	NOUN
ar-22395	12	22	]	]	PUNCT
ar-22395	12	23	…	…	PUNCT
ar-22395	12	24	find	find	VERB
ar-22395	12	25	themselves	themselves	PRON
ar-22395	12	26	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	12	27	‘	'	PUNCT
ar-22395	12	28	a	a	DET
ar-22395	12	29	situation	situation	NOUN
ar-22395	12	30	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	12	31	radical	radical	ADJ
ar-22395	12	32	rightlessness	rightlessness	NOUN
ar-22395	12	33	’	'	PUNCT
ar-22395	12	34	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	12	35	without	without	ADP
ar-22395	12	36	‘	'	PUNCT
ar-22395	12	37	voice	voice	NOUN
ar-22395	12	38	’	'	PUNCT
ar-22395	12	39	or	or	CCONJ
ar-22395	12	40	access	access	NOUN
ar-22395	12	41	to	to	ADP
ar-22395	12	42	counter­balancing	counter­balance	VERB
ar-22395	12	43	resources	resource	NOUN
ar-22395	12	44	for	for	ADP
ar-22395	12	45	representation	representation	NOUN
ar-22395	12	46	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	13	1	their	their	PRON
ar-22395	13	2	situation	situation	NOUN
ar-22395	13	3	could	could	AUX
ar-22395	13	4	be	be	AUX
ar-22395	13	5	designated	designate	VERB
ar-22395	13	6	as	as	ADP
ar-22395	13	7	one	one	NUM
ar-22395	13	8	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	13	9	hyper­precarity	hyper­precarity	NOUN
ar-22395	13	10	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	13	11	marked	mark	VERB
ar-22395	13	12	by	by	ADP
ar-22395	13	13	super­exploitation	super­exploitation	NOUN
ar-22395	13	14	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	13	15	”	"	PUNCT
ar-22395	14	1	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	14	2	likić­brborić	likić­brborić	ADJ
ar-22395	14	3	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	14	4	schierup	schierup	NOUN
ar-22395	14	5	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	14	6	2015	2015	NUM
ar-22395	14	7	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	14	8	231	231	NUM
ar-22395	14	9	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	14	10	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	15	1	introduction	introduction	NOUN
ar-22395	15	2	within	within	ADP
ar-22395	15	3	the	the	DET
ar-22395	15	4	past	past	ADJ
ar-22395	15	5	few	few	ADJ
ar-22395	15	6	decades	decade	NOUN
ar-22395	15	7	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	15	8	the	the	DET
ar-22395	15	9	income	income	NOUN
ar-22395	15	10	gap	gap	NOUN
ar-22395	15	11	between	between	ADP
ar-22395	15	12	low­wage	low­wage	NOUN
ar-22395	15	13	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	15	14	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	15	15	high­wage	high­wage	VERB
ar-22395	15	16	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	15	17	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	15	18	western	western	ADJ
ar-22395	15	19	countries	country	NOUN
ar-22395	15	20	has	have	AUX
ar-22395	15	21	increased	increase	VERB
ar-22395	15	22	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	15	23	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	15	24	a	a	DET
ar-22395	15	25	higher	high	ADJ
ar-22395	15	26	proportion	proportion	NOUN
ar-22395	15	27	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	15	28	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	15	29	are	be	AUX
ar-22395	15	30	earning	earn	VERB
ar-22395	15	31	sub­poverty	sub­poverty	NUM
ar-22395	15	32	wages	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	15	33	today	today	NOUN
ar-22395	15	34	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	15	35	compared	compare	VERB
ar-22395	15	36	to	to	ADP
ar-22395	15	37	few	few	ADJ
ar-22395	15	38	decades	decade	NOUN
ar-22395	15	39	ago	ago	ADV
ar-22395	15	40	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	16	1	the	the	DET
ar-22395	16	2	living	live	VERB
ar-22395	16	3	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	16	4	movement	movement	NOUN
ar-22395	16	5	is	be	AUX
ar-22395	16	6	centred	centre	VERB
ar-22395	16	7	on	on	ADP
ar-22395	16	8	the	the	DET
ar-22395	16	9	struggle	struggle	NOUN
ar-22395	16	10	for	for	ADP
ar-22395	16	11	what	what	PRON
ar-22395	16	12	the	the	DET
ar-22395	16	13	international	international	ADJ
ar-22395	16	14	labour	labour	NOUN
ar-22395	16	15	organization	organization	NOUN
ar-22395	16	16	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	16	17	ilo	ilo	PROPN
ar-22395	16	18	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	16	19	calls	call	VERB
ar-22395	16	20	the	the	DET
ar-22395	16	21	decent	decent	ADJ
ar-22395	16	22	work	work	NOUN
ar-22395	16	23	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	16	24	wages	wage	VERB
ar-22395	16	25	agenda	agenda	NOUN
ar-22395	16	26	to	to	PART
ar-22395	16	27	address	address	VERB
ar-22395	16	28	the	the	DET
ar-22395	16	29	growing	grow	VERB
ar-22395	16	30	global	global	ADJ
ar-22395	16	31	problem	problem	NOUN
ar-22395	16	32	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	16	33	the	the	DET
ar-22395	16	34	working	work	VERB
ar-22395	16	35	poor	poor	ADJ
ar-22395	16	36	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	16	37	ilo	ilo	PROPN
ar-22395	16	38	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	16	39	n.d	n.d	PROPN
ar-22395	16	40	.	.	PROPN
ar-22395	16	41	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	16	42	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	17	1	illegalized	illegalize	VERB
ar-22395	17	2	migrant	migrant	ADJ
ar-22395	17	3	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	17	4	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	17	5	who	who	PRON
ar-22395	17	6	have	have	AUX
ar-22395	17	7	become	become	VERB
ar-22395	17	8	an	an	DET
ar-22395	17	9	important	important	ADJ
ar-22395	17	10	segment	segment	NOUN
ar-22395	17	11	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	17	12	the	the	DET
ar-22395	17	13	working	work	VERB
ar-22395	17	14	population	population	NOUN
ar-22395	17	15	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	17	16	western	western	ADJ
ar-22395	17	17	countries	country	NOUN
ar-22395	17	18	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	17	19	are	be	AUX
ar-22395	17	20	disproportionately	disproportionately	ADV
ar-22395	17	21	affected	affect	VERB
ar-22395	17	22	by	by	ADP
ar-22395	17	23	this	this	DET
ar-22395	17	24	trend	trend	NOUN
ar-22395	17	25	through	through	ADP
ar-22395	17	26	super­	super­	PROPN
ar-22395	17	27	exploitative	exploitative	ADJ
ar-22395	17	28	employer	employer	NOUN
ar-22395	17	29	practices	practice	NOUN
ar-22395	17	30	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	17	31	steinlight	steinlight	NOUN
ar-22395	17	32	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	17	33	glazov	glazov	NOUN
ar-22395	17	34	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	17	35	2008	2008	NUM
ar-22395	17	36	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	17	37	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	18	1	their	their	PRON
ar-22395	18	2	lack	lack	NOUN
ar-22395	18	3	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	18	4	formal	formal	ADJ
ar-22395	18	5	legal	legal	ADJ
ar-22395	18	6	status	status	NOUN
ar-22395	18	7	strips	strip	VERB
ar-22395	18	8	them	they	PRON
ar-22395	18	9	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	18	10	basic	basic	ADJ
ar-22395	18	11	rights	right	NOUN
ar-22395	18	12	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	18	13	exposing	expose	VERB
ar-22395	18	14	such	such	ADJ
ar-22395	18	15	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	18	16	to	to	ADP
ar-22395	18	17	extreme	extreme	ADJ
ar-22395	18	18	exploitation	exploitation	NOUN
ar-22395	18	19	by	by	ADP
ar-22395	18	20	their	their	PRON
ar-22395	18	21	employers	employer	NOUN
ar-22395	18	22	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	19	1	to	to	PART
ar-22395	19	2	counter	counter	VERB
ar-22395	19	3	these	these	DET
ar-22395	19	4	changes	change	NOUN
ar-22395	19	5	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	19	6	unions	union	NOUN
ar-22395	19	7	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	19	8	community	community	NOUN
ar-22395	19	9	groups	group	NOUN
ar-22395	19	10	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	19	11	activists	activist	NOUN
ar-22395	19	12	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	19	13	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	19	14	support	support	NOUN
ar-22395	19	15	coalitions	coalition	NOUN
ar-22395	19	16	have	have	AUX
ar-22395	19	17	launched	launch	VERB
ar-22395	19	18	living	living	NOUN
ar-22395	19	19	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	19	20	campaigns	campaign	NOUN
ar-22395	19	21	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	19	22	cities	city	NOUN
ar-22395	19	23	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	19	24	the	the	DET
ar-22395	19	25	usa	usa	PROPN
ar-22395	19	26	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	19	27	uk	uk	PROPN
ar-22395	19	28	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	19	29	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	19	30	more	more	ADV
ar-22395	19	31	recently	recently	ADV
ar-22395	19	32	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	19	33	canada	canada	PROPN
ar-22395	19	34	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	20	1	this	this	DET
ar-22395	20	2	living	live	VERB
ar-22395	20	3	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	20	4	movement	movement	NOUN
ar-22395	20	5	pushes	push	VERB
ar-22395	20	6	for	for	ADP
ar-22395	20	7	change	change	NOUN
ar-22395	20	8	at	at	ADP
ar-22395	20	9	the	the	DET
ar-22395	20	10	levels	level	NOUN
ar-22395	20	11	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	20	12	policy	policy	NOUN
ar-22395	20	13	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	20	14	practice	practice	NOUN
ar-22395	20	15	that	that	PRON
ar-22395	20	16	will	will	AUX
ar-22395	20	17	provide	provide	VERB
ar-22395	20	18	vulnerable	vulnerable	ADJ
ar-22395	20	19	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	20	20	with	with	ADP
ar-22395	20	21	living	live	VERB
ar-22395	20	22	wages	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	20	23	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	20	24	is	be	AUX
ar-22395	20	25	helping	help	VERB
ar-22395	20	26	more	more	ADV
ar-22395	20	27	broadly	broadly	ADV
ar-22395	20	28	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	20	29	to	to	PART
ar-22395	20	30	revitalize	revitalize	VERB
ar-22395	20	31	the	the	DET
ar-22395	20	32	labour	labour	NOUN
ar-22395	20	33	movement	movement	NOUN
ar-22395	20	34	at	at	ADP
ar-22395	20	35	a	a	DET
ar-22395	20	36	grass	grass	NOUN
ar-22395	20	37	roots	root	NOUN
ar-22395	20	38	level	level	NOUN
ar-22395	20	39	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	21	1	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	21	2	this	this	DET
ar-22395	21	3	paper	paper	NOUN
ar-22395	21	4	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	21	5	we	we	PRON
ar-22395	21	6	examine	examine	VERB
ar-22395	21	7	the	the	DET
ar-22395	21	8	development	development	NOUN
ar-22395	21	9	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	21	10	the	the	DET
ar-22395	21	11	modern	modern	ADJ
ar-22395	21	12	living	living	NOUN
ar-22395	21	13	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	21	14	movement	movement	NOUN
ar-22395	21	15	considering	consider	VERB
ar-22395	21	16	its	its	PRON
ar-22395	21	17	contribution	contribution	NOUN
ar-22395	21	18	to	to	ADP
ar-22395	21	19	the	the	DET
ar-22395	21	20	support	support	NOUN
ar-22395	21	21	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	21	22	vulnerable	vulnerable	ADJ
ar-22395	21	23	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	21	24	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	21	25	the	the	DET
ar-22395	21	26	situation	situation	NOUN
ar-22395	21	27	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	21	28	illegalized	illegalize	VERB
ar-22395	21	29	migrant	migrant	ADJ
ar-22395	21	30	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	21	31	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	21	32	light	light	NOUN
ar-22395	21	33	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	21	34	the	the	DET
ar-22395	21	35	emerging	emerge	VERB
ar-22395	21	36	living	live	VERB
ar-22395	21	37	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	21	38	campaign	campaign	NOUN
ar-22395	21	39	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	21	40	toronto	toronto	PROPN
ar-22395	21	41	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	21	42	canada	canada	PROPN
ar-22395	21	43	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	22	1	the	the	DET
ar-22395	22	2	working	work	VERB
ar-22395	22	3	population	population	NOUN
ar-22395	22	4	that	that	PRON
ar-22395	22	5	the	the	DET
ar-22395	22	6	living	live	VERB
ar-22395	22	7	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	22	8	movement	movement	NOUN
ar-22395	22	9	addresses	address	NOUN
ar-22395	22	10	is	be	AUX
ar-22395	22	11	an	an	DET
ar-22395	22	12	impoverished	impoverished	ADJ
ar-22395	22	13	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	22	14	disempowered	disempowered	ADJ
ar-22395	22	15	segment	segment	NOUN
ar-22395	22	16	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	22	17	the	the	DET
ar-22395	22	18	workforce	workforce	NOUN
ar-22395	22	19	that	that	PRON
ar-22395	22	20	is	be	AUX
ar-22395	22	21	disproportionately	disproportionately	ADV
ar-22395	22	22	racialized	racialize	VERB
ar-22395	22	23	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	22	24	gendered	gendere	VERB
ar-22395	22	25	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	22	26	often	often	ADV
ar-22395	22	27	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	22	28	immigrant	immigrant	ADJ
ar-22395	22	29	background	background	NOUN
ar-22395	22	30	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	23	1	however	however	ADV
ar-22395	23	2	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	23	3	the	the	DET
ar-22395	23	4	most	most	ADV
ar-22395	23	5	vulnerable	vulnerable	ADJ
ar-22395	23	6	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	23	7	the	the	DET
ar-22395	23	8	vulnerable	vulnerable	ADJ
ar-22395	23	9	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	23	10	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	23	11	who	who	PRON
ar-22395	23	12	lack	lack	VERB
ar-22395	23	13	full	full	ADJ
ar-22395	23	14	legal	legal	ADJ
ar-22395	23	15	status	status	NOUN
ar-22395	23	16	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	23	17	are	be	AUX
ar-22395	23	18	often	often	ADV
ar-22395	23	19	not	not	PART
ar-22395	23	20	included	include	VERB
ar-22395	23	21	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	23	22	the	the	DET
ar-22395	23	23	movement	movement	NOUN
ar-22395	23	24	’s	’s	PART
ar-22395	23	25	target	target	NOUN
ar-22395	23	26	population	population	NOUN
ar-22395	23	27	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	24	1	therefore	therefore	ADV
ar-22395	24	2	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	24	3	we	we	PRON
ar-22395	24	4	explore	explore	VERB
ar-22395	24	5	how	how	SCONJ
ar-22395	24	6	illegalized	illegalize	VERB
ar-22395	24	7	migrants	migrant	NOUN
ar-22395	24	8	fit	fit	ADJ
ar-22395	24	9	within	within	ADP
ar-22395	24	10	the	the	DET
ar-22395	24	11	living	live	VERB
ar-22395	24	12	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	24	13	movement	movement	NOUN
ar-22395	24	14	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	25	1	as	as	SCONJ
ar-22395	25	2	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	25	3	without	without	ADP
ar-22395	25	4	access	access	NOUN
ar-22395	25	5	to	to	ADP
ar-22395	25	6	many	many	ADJ
ar-22395	25	7	basic	basic	ADJ
ar-22395	25	8	rights	right	NOUN
ar-22395	25	9	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	25	10	lacking	lack	VERB
ar-22395	25	11	full	full	ADJ
ar-22395	25	12	legal	legal	ADJ
ar-22395	25	13	status	status	NOUN
ar-22395	25	14	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	25	15	illegalized	illegalize	VERB
ar-22395	25	16	migrants	migrant	NOUN
ar-22395	25	17	confront	confront	VERB
ar-22395	25	18	special	special	ADJ
ar-22395	25	19	circumstances	circumstance	NOUN
ar-22395	25	20	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	26	1	for	for	ADP
ar-22395	26	2	example	example	NOUN
ar-22395	26	3	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	26	4	they	they	PRON
ar-22395	26	5	tend	tend	VERB
ar-22395	26	6	to	to	PART
ar-22395	26	7	work	work	VERB
ar-22395	26	8	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	26	9	the	the	DET
ar-22395	26	10	shadow	shadow	NOUN
ar-22395	26	11	economy	economy	NOUN
ar-22395	26	12	where	where	SCONJ
ar-22395	26	13	they	they	PRON
ar-22395	26	14	are	be	AUX
ar-22395	26	15	vulnerable	vulnerable	ADJ
ar-22395	26	16	to	to	ADP
ar-22395	26	17	abuse	abuse	NOUN
ar-22395	26	18	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	26	19	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	26	20	lack	lack	VERB
ar-22395	26	21	access	access	NOUN
ar-22395	26	22	to	to	ADP
ar-22395	26	23	government	government	NOUN
ar-22395	26	24	supported	support	VERB
ar-22395	26	25	services	service	NOUN
ar-22395	26	26	for	for	ADP
ar-22395	26	27	citizens	citizen	NOUN
ar-22395	26	28	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	26	29	legal	legal	ADJ
ar-22395	26	30	residents	resident	NOUN
ar-22395	26	31	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	26	32	which	which	PRON
ar-22395	26	33	forms	form	VERB
ar-22395	26	34	an	an	DET
ar-22395	26	35	important	important	ADJ
ar-22395	26	36	component	component	NOUN
ar-22395	26	37	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	26	38	low­wage	low­wage	NOUN
ar-22395	26	39	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	26	40	’	’	PART
ar-22395	26	41	overall	overall	ADJ
ar-22395	26	42	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	26	43	package	package	NOUN
ar-22395	26	44	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	27	1	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	27	2	‘	'	PUNCT
ar-22395	27	3	illegalized	illegalized	ADJ
ar-22395	27	4	’	'	PUNCT
ar-22395	27	5	migrant	migrant	ADJ
ar-22395	27	6	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	27	7	|	|	ADV
ar-22395	27	8	111	111	NUM
ar-22395	27	9	addition	addition	NOUN
ar-22395	27	10	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	27	11	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	27	12	who	who	PRON
ar-22395	27	13	lack	lack	VERB
ar-22395	27	14	full	full	ADJ
ar-22395	27	15	legal	legal	ADJ
ar-22395	27	16	status	status	NOUN
ar-22395	27	17	are	be	AUX
ar-22395	27	18	unable	unable	ADJ
ar-22395	27	19	to	to	PART
ar-22395	27	20	easily	easily	ADV
ar-22395	27	21	pursue	pursue	VERB
ar-22395	27	22	legal	legal	ADJ
ar-22395	27	23	action	action	NOUN
ar-22395	27	24	against	against	ADP
ar-22395	27	25	employer	employer	NOUN
ar-22395	27	26	violations	violation	NOUN
ar-22395	27	27	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	27	28	their	their	PRON
ar-22395	27	29	rights	right	NOUN
ar-22395	27	30	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	28	1	illegalized	illegalize	VERB
ar-22395	28	2	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	28	3	have	have	AUX
ar-22395	28	4	become	become	VERB
ar-22395	28	5	a	a	DET
ar-22395	28	6	necessary	necessary	ADJ
ar-22395	28	7	component	component	NOUN
ar-22395	28	8	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	28	9	the	the	DET
ar-22395	28	10	contemporary	contemporary	ADJ
ar-22395	28	11	labour	labour	NOUN
ar-22395	28	12	market	market	NOUN
ar-22395	28	13	required	require	VERB
ar-22395	28	14	by	by	ADP
ar-22395	28	15	neoliberal	neoliberal	ADJ
ar-22395	28	16	capitalism	capitalism	NOUN
ar-22395	28	17	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	29	1	hence	hence	ADV
ar-22395	29	2	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	29	3	illegalized	illegalize	VERB
ar-22395	29	4	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	29	5	are	be	AUX
ar-22395	29	6	an	an	DET
ar-22395	29	7	expected	expect	VERB
ar-22395	29	8	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	29	9	necessary	necessary	ADJ
ar-22395	29	10	but	but	CCONJ
ar-22395	29	11	under­acknowledged	under­acknowledged	ADJ
ar-22395	29	12	contributor	contributor	NOUN
ar-22395	29	13	to	to	PART
ar-22395	29	14	neo­	neo­	VERB
ar-22395	29	15	liberalism	liberalism	NOUN
ar-22395	29	16	’s	’s	PART
ar-22395	29	17	economic	economic	ADJ
ar-22395	29	18	“	"	PUNCT
ar-22395	29	19	success	success	NOUN
ar-22395	29	20	”	"	PUNCT
ar-22395	29	21	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	30	1	approach	approach	NOUN
ar-22395	30	2	we	we	PRON
ar-22395	30	3	examine	examine	VERB
ar-22395	30	4	the	the	DET
ar-22395	30	5	contemporary	contemporary	ADJ
ar-22395	30	6	living	living	NOUN
ar-22395	30	7	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	30	8	campaign	campaign	NOUN
ar-22395	30	9	with	with	ADP
ar-22395	30	10	particular	particular	ADJ
ar-22395	30	11	reference	reference	NOUN
ar-22395	30	12	to	to	ADP
ar-22395	30	13	illegalized	illegalize	VERB
ar-22395	30	14	migrant	migrant	ADJ
ar-22395	30	15	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	30	16	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	30	17	toronto	toronto	PROPN
ar-22395	30	18	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	31	1	as	as	ADP
ar-22395	31	2	a	a	DET
ar-22395	31	3	point	point	NOUN
ar-22395	31	4	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	31	5	entry	entry	NOUN
ar-22395	31	6	into	into	ADP
ar-22395	31	7	our	our	PRON
ar-22395	31	8	investigation	investigation	NOUN
ar-22395	31	9	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	31	10	we	we	PRON
ar-22395	31	11	completed	complete	VERB
ar-22395	31	12	an	an	DET
ar-22395	31	13	extensive	extensive	ADJ
ar-22395	31	14	review	review	NOUN
ar-22395	31	15	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	31	16	the	the	DET
ar-22395	31	17	english­	english­	PROPN
ar-22395	31	18	language	language	NOUN
ar-22395	31	19	literature	literature	NOUN
ar-22395	31	20	on	on	ADP
ar-22395	31	21	the	the	DET
ar-22395	31	22	living	live	VERB
ar-22395	31	23	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	31	24	movement	movement	NOUN
ar-22395	31	25	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	31	26	the	the	DET
ar-22395	31	27	uk	uk	PROPN
ar-22395	31	28	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	31	29	us	we	PRON
ar-22395	31	30	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	31	31	canada	canada	PROPN
ar-22395	31	32	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	31	33	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	31	34	on	on	ADP
ar-22395	31	35	the	the	DET
ar-22395	31	36	labour	labour	NOUN
ar-22395	31	37	market	market	NOUN
ar-22395	31	38	experiences	experience	NOUN
ar-22395	31	39	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	31	40	illegalized	illegalize	VERB
ar-22395	31	41	migrants	migrant	NOUN
ar-22395	31	42	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	32	1	this	this	DET
ar-22395	32	2	review	review	NOUN
ar-22395	32	3	included	include	VERB
ar-22395	32	4	peer­reviewed	peer­reviewe	VERB
ar-22395	32	5	scholarly	scholarly	ADJ
ar-22395	32	6	literature	literature	NOUN
ar-22395	32	7	as	as	ADV
ar-22395	32	8	well	well	ADV
ar-22395	32	9	as	as	ADP
ar-22395	32	10	grey	grey	PROPN
ar-22395	32	11	literature	literature	NOUN
ar-22395	32	12	drawn	draw	VERB
ar-22395	32	13	from	from	ADP
ar-22395	32	14	civil	civil	ADJ
ar-22395	32	15	society	society	NOUN
ar-22395	32	16	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	32	17	municipal	municipal	ADJ
ar-22395	32	18	documents	document	NOUN
ar-22395	32	19	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	32	20	public	public	ADJ
ar-22395	32	21	media	medium	NOUN
ar-22395	32	22	sources	source	NOUN
ar-22395	32	23	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	32	24	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
ar-22395	32	25	newspaper	newspaper	NOUN
ar-22395	32	26	articles	article	NOUN
ar-22395	32	27	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	32	28	living	live	VERB
ar-22395	32	29	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	32	30	movement	movement	NOUN
ar-22395	32	31	websites	website	NOUN
ar-22395	32	32	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	32	33	published	publish	VERB
ar-22395	32	34	since	since	SCONJ
ar-22395	32	35	1990	1990	NUM
ar-22395	32	36	when	when	SCONJ
ar-22395	32	37	the	the	DET
ar-22395	32	38	contemporary	contemporary	ADJ
ar-22395	32	39	living	living	NOUN
ar-22395	32	40	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	32	41	movement	movement	NOUN
ar-22395	32	42	commenced	commence	VERB
ar-22395	32	43	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	33	1	the	the	DET
ar-22395	33	2	relevant	relevant	ADJ
ar-22395	33	3	literature	literature	NOUN
ar-22395	33	4	was	be	AUX
ar-22395	33	5	identified	identify	VERB
ar-22395	33	6	through	through	ADP
ar-22395	33	7	a	a	DET
ar-22395	33	8	variety	variety	NOUN
ar-22395	33	9	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	33	10	search	search	NOUN
ar-22395	33	11	terms	term	NOUN
ar-22395	33	12	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	33	13	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	33	14	various	various	ADJ
ar-22395	33	15	combinations	combination	NOUN
ar-22395	33	16	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	33	17	these	these	DET
ar-22395	33	18	terms	term	NOUN
ar-22395	33	19	including	include	VERB
ar-22395	33	20	:	:	PUNCT
ar-22395	33	21	“	"	PUNCT
ar-22395	33	22	living	live	VERB
ar-22395	33	23	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	33	24	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	33	25	”	"	PUNCT
ar-22395	33	26	“	"	PUNCT
ar-22395	33	27	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	33	28	im)migrant	im)migrant	PROPN
ar-22395	33	29	”	"	PUNCT
ar-22395	33	30	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	33	31	“	"	PUNCT
ar-22395	33	32	undocumented	undocumented	ADJ
ar-22395	33	33	”	"	PUNCT
ar-22395	33	34	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	33	35	“	"	PUNCT
ar-22395	33	36	non­status	non­status	X
ar-22395	33	37	”	"	PUNCT
ar-22395	33	38	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	33	39	“	"	PUNCT
ar-22395	33	40	irregular	irregular	ADJ
ar-22395	33	41	”	"	PUNCT
ar-22395	33	42	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	33	43	“	"	PUNCT
ar-22395	33	44	precarious	precarious	ADJ
ar-22395	33	45	”	"	PUNCT
ar-22395	33	46	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	33	47	“	"	PUNCT
ar-22395	33	48	alien(s	alien(s	NOUN
ar-22395	33	49	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	33	50	”	"	PUNCT
ar-22395	33	51	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	33	52	“	"	PUNCT
ar-22395	33	53	illegal(s	illegal(s	NOUN
ar-22395	33	54	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	33	55	”	"	PUNCT
ar-22395	33	56	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	33	57	“	"	PUNCT
ar-22395	33	58	unauthorized	unauthorized	ADJ
ar-22395	33	59	”	"	PUNCT
ar-22395	33	60	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	33	61	“	"	PUNCT
ar-22395	33	62	informal	informal	ADJ
ar-22395	33	63	”	"	PUNCT
ar-22395	33	64	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	33	65	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	33	66	“	"	PUNCT
ar-22395	33	67	illegalized	illegalize	VERB
ar-22395	33	68	”	"	PUNCT
ar-22395	33	69	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	33	70	“	"	PUNCT
ar-22395	33	71	labour	labour	ADJ
ar-22395	33	72	market	market	NOUN
ar-22395	33	73	”	"	PUNCT
ar-22395	33	74	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	33	75	“	"	PUNCT
ar-22395	33	76	employment	employment	NOUN
ar-22395	33	77	rights	right	NOUN
ar-22395	33	78	”	"	PUNCT
ar-22395	33	79	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	33	80	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	33	81	“	"	PUNCT
ar-22395	33	82	labour	labour	ADJ
ar-22395	33	83	rights	right	NOUN
ar-22395	33	84	”	"	PUNCT
ar-22395	33	85	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	34	1	we	we	PRON
ar-22395	34	2	define	define	VERB
ar-22395	34	3	“	"	PUNCT
ar-22395	34	4	illegalized	illegalize	VERB
ar-22395	34	5	migrant	migrant	NOUN
ar-22395	34	6	”	"	PUNCT
ar-22395	34	7	as	as	ADP
ar-22395	34	8	“	"	PUNCT
ar-22395	34	9	a	a	DET
ar-22395	34	10	migrant	migrant	NOUN
ar-22395	34	11	who	who	PRON
ar-22395	34	12	does	do	AUX
ar-22395	34	13	not	not	PART
ar-22395	34	14	have	have	VERB
ar-22395	34	15	the	the	DET
ar-22395	34	16	right	right	NOUN
ar-22395	34	17	to	to	PART
ar-22395	34	18	work	work	VERB
ar-22395	34	19	or	or	CCONJ
ar-22395	34	20	reside	reside	VERB
ar-22395	34	21	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	34	22	which	which	PRON
ar-22395	34	23	he	he	PRON
ar-22395	34	24	or	or	CCONJ
ar-22395	34	25	she	she	PRON
ar-22395	34	26	lives	live	VERB
ar-22395	34	27	because	because	SCONJ
ar-22395	34	28	state	state	NOUN
ar-22395	34	29	policies	policy	NOUN
ar-22395	34	30	have	have	AUX
ar-22395	34	31	rendered	render	VERB
ar-22395	34	32	him	he	PRON
ar-22395	34	33	or	or	CCONJ
ar-22395	34	34	her	her	PRON
ar-22395	34	35	“	"	PUNCT
ar-22395	34	36	illegal	illegal	ADJ
ar-22395	34	37	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	34	38	”	"	PUNCT
ar-22395	34	39	”	"	PUNCT
ar-22395	34	40	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	34	41	bauder	baud	ADJ
ar-22395	34	42	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	34	43	shields	shield	NOUN
ar-22395	34	44	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	34	45	2015	2015	NUM
ar-22395	34	46	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	34	47	421	421	NUM
ar-22395	34	48	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	34	49	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	35	1	most	most	ADV
ar-22395	35	2	illegalized	illegalize	VERB
ar-22395	35	3	migrants	migrant	NOUN
ar-22395	35	4	have	have	AUX
ar-22395	35	5	entered	enter	VERB
ar-22395	35	6	the	the	DET
ar-22395	35	7	country	country	NOUN
ar-22395	35	8	legally	legally	ADV
ar-22395	35	9	with	with	ADP
ar-22395	35	10	the	the	DET
ar-22395	35	11	state	state	NOUN
ar-22395	35	12	’s	’s	PART
ar-22395	35	13	authorization	authorization	NOUN
ar-22395	35	14	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	35	15	as	as	ADP
ar-22395	35	16	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	35	17	the	the	DET
ar-22395	35	18	case	case	NOUN
ar-22395	35	19	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	35	20	temporary	temporary	ADJ
ar-22395	35	21	foreign	foreign	ADJ
ar-22395	35	22	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	35	23	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	35	24	foreign	foreign	ADJ
ar-22395	35	25	students	student	NOUN
ar-22395	35	26	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	35	27	visitors	visitor	NOUN
ar-22395	35	28	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	35	29	refugee	refugee	NOUN
ar-22395	35	30	claimants	claimant	NOUN
ar-22395	35	31	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	35	32	but	but	CCONJ
ar-22395	35	33	their	their	PRON
ar-22395	35	34	status	status	NOUN
ar-22395	35	35	has	have	AUX
ar-22395	35	36	lapsed	lapse	VERB
ar-22395	35	37	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	36	1	other	other	ADJ
ar-22395	36	2	terms	term	NOUN
ar-22395	36	3	that	that	PRON
ar-22395	36	4	have	have	AUX
ar-22395	36	5	been	be	AUX
ar-22395	36	6	used	use	VERB
ar-22395	36	7	to	to	PART
ar-22395	36	8	describe	describe	VERB
ar-22395	36	9	this	this	DET
ar-22395	36	10	group	group	NOUN
ar-22395	36	11	include	include	VERB
ar-22395	36	12	:	:	PUNCT
ar-22395	36	13	illegal	illegal	ADJ
ar-22395	36	14	aliens	alien	NOUN
ar-22395	36	15	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	36	16	unauthorized	unauthorized	ADJ
ar-22395	36	17	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	36	18	undocumented	undocumented	ADJ
ar-22395	36	19	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	36	20	irregular	irregular	ADJ
ar-22395	36	21	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	36	22	clandestine	clandestine	ADJ
ar-22395	36	23	migrants	migrant	NOUN
ar-22395	36	24	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	36	25	bartram	bartram	PROPN
ar-22395	36	26	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	36	27	et	et	PROPN
ar-22395	36	28	al	al	PROPN
ar-22395	36	29	.	.	PROPN
ar-22395	36	30	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	36	31	2014	2014	NUM
ar-22395	36	32	;	;	PUNCT
ar-22395	36	33	pgs	pgs	NUM
ar-22395	36	34	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	37	1	144­148	144­148	NUM
ar-22395	37	2	;	;	PUNCT
ar-22395	37	3	hannan	hannan	PROPN
ar-22395	37	4	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	37	5	2015	2015	NUM
ar-22395	37	6	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	37	7	144	144	NUM
ar-22395	37	8	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	37	9	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	38	1	we	we	PRON
ar-22395	38	2	employ	employ	VERB
ar-22395	38	3	the	the	DET
ar-22395	38	4	term	term	NOUN
ar-22395	38	5	illegalized	illegalize	VERB
ar-22395	38	6	because	because	SCONJ
ar-22395	38	7	it	it	PRON
ar-22395	38	8	“	"	PUNCT
ar-22395	38	9	shifts	shift	NOUN
ar-22395	38	10	the	the	DET
ar-22395	38	11	emphasis	emphasis	NOUN
ar-22395	38	12	away	away	ADV
ar-22395	38	13	from	from	ADP
ar-22395	38	14	the	the	DET
ar-22395	38	15	individual	individual	NOUN
ar-22395	38	16	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	38	17	towards	towards	ADP
ar-22395	38	18	the	the	DET
ar-22395	38	19	recognition	recognition	NOUN
ar-22395	38	20	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	38	21	a	a	DET
ar-22395	38	22	societal	societal	ADJ
ar-22395	38	23	process	process	NOUN
ar-22395	38	24	that	that	PRON
ar-22395	38	25	situates	situate	VERB
ar-22395	38	26	immigrants	immigrant	NOUN
ar-22395	38	27	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	38	28	positions	position	NOUN
ar-22395	38	29	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	38	30	precarity	precarity	NOUN
ar-22395	38	31	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	38	32	illegality	illegality	NOUN
ar-22395	38	33	”	"	PUNCT
ar-22395	38	34	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	38	35	bauder	baud	ADJ
ar-22395	38	36	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	38	37	2013	2013	NUM
ar-22395	38	38	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	38	39	2	2	NUM
ar-22395	38	40	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	38	41	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	39	1	background	background	NOUN
ar-22395	39	2	:	:	PUNCT
ar-22395	39	3	rising	rise	VERB
ar-22395	39	4	inequality	inequality	NOUN
ar-22395	39	5	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	39	6	the	the	DET
ar-22395	39	7	living	living	NOUN
ar-22395	39	8	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	39	9	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	39	10	migration	migration	NOUN
ar-22395	39	11	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	39	12	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	39	13	illegalization	illegalization	NOUN
ar-22395	39	14	socio­economic	socio­economic	ADJ
ar-22395	39	15	inequality	inequality	NOUN
ar-22395	39	16	has	have	AUX
ar-22395	39	17	existed	exist	VERB
ar-22395	39	18	within	within	ADP
ar-22395	39	19	nation­states	nation­state	NOUN
ar-22395	39	20	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	39	21	subnational	subnational	ADJ
ar-22395	39	22	regions	region	NOUN
ar-22395	39	23	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	39	24	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	39	25	cities	city	NOUN
ar-22395	39	26	for	for	ADP
ar-22395	39	27	centuries	century	NOUN
ar-22395	39	28	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	40	1	however	however	ADV
ar-22395	40	2	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	40	3	intensified	intensify	VERB
ar-22395	40	4	globalization	globalization	NOUN
ar-22395	40	5	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	40	6	economic	economic	ADJ
ar-22395	40	7	activity	activity	NOUN
ar-22395	40	8	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	40	9	the	the	DET
ar-22395	40	10	emergence	emergence	NOUN
ar-22395	40	11	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	40	12	“	"	PUNCT
ar-22395	40	13	global	global	ADJ
ar-22395	40	14	cities	city	NOUN
ar-22395	40	15	”	"	PUNCT
ar-22395	40	16	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	40	17	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	40	18	the	the	DET
ar-22395	40	19	corresponding	corresponding	ADJ
ar-22395	40	20	transformations	transformation	NOUN
ar-22395	40	21	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	40	22	the	the	DET
ar-22395	40	23	organization	organization	NOUN
ar-22395	40	24	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	40	25	the	the	DET
ar-22395	40	26	labour	labour	NOUN
ar-22395	40	27	process	process	NOUN
ar-22395	40	28	112	112	NUM
ar-22395	40	29	|	|	ADV
ar-22395	40	30	precarious	precarious	ADJ
ar-22395	40	31	work	work	NOUN
ar-22395	40	32	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	40	33	the	the	DET
ar-22395	40	34	struggle	struggle	NOUN
ar-22395	40	35	for	for	ADP
ar-22395	40	36	living	live	VERB
ar-22395	40	37	wages	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	40	38	since	since	SCONJ
ar-22395	40	39	the	the	DET
ar-22395	40	40	1960	1960	NUM
ar-22395	40	41	’s	’s	PART
ar-22395	40	42	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	40	43	have	have	AUX
ar-22395	40	44	led	lead	VERB
ar-22395	40	45	to	to	ADP
ar-22395	40	46	an	an	DET
ar-22395	40	47	increase	increase	NOUN
ar-22395	40	48	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	40	49	the	the	DET
ar-22395	40	50	socio­economic	socio­economic	ADJ
ar-22395	40	51	gap	gap	NOUN
ar-22395	40	52	between	between	ADP
ar-22395	40	53	low­wage	low­wage	NOUN
ar-22395	40	54	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	40	55	high­wage	high­wage	NOUN
ar-22395	40	56	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	40	57	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	41	1	this	this	DET
ar-22395	41	2	transformation	transformation	NOUN
ar-22395	41	3	has	have	AUX
ar-22395	41	4	pushed	push	VERB
ar-22395	41	5	larger	large	ADJ
ar-22395	41	6	numbers	number	NOUN
ar-22395	41	7	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	41	8	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	41	9	into	into	ADP
ar-22395	41	10	situations	situation	NOUN
ar-22395	41	11	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	41	12	serious	serious	ADJ
ar-22395	41	13	economic	economic	ADJ
ar-22395	41	14	vulnerability	vulnerability	NOUN
ar-22395	41	15	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	41	16	sassen	sassen	VERB
ar-22395	41	17	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	41	18	2006	2006	NUM
ar-22395	41	19	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	41	20	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	42	1	a	a	DET
ar-22395	42	2	fordist	fordist	NOUN
ar-22395	42	3	economy	economy	NOUN
ar-22395	42	4	“	"	PUNCT
ar-22395	42	5	created	create	VERB
ar-22395	42	6	the	the	DET
ar-22395	42	7	conditions	condition	NOUN
ar-22395	42	8	for	for	ADP
ar-22395	42	9	the	the	DET
ar-22395	42	10	expansion	expansion	NOUN
ar-22395	42	11	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	42	12	a	a	DET
ar-22395	42	13	vast	vast	ADJ
ar-22395	42	14	middle	middle	ADJ
ar-22395	42	15	class	class	NOUN
ar-22395	43	1	[	[	X
ar-22395	43	2	life	life	NOUN
ar-22395	43	3	styles	style	NOUN
ar-22395	43	4	]	]	PUNCT
ar-22395	43	5	because	because	SCONJ
ar-22395	43	6	it	it	PRON
ar-22395	43	7	:	:	PUNCT
ar-22395	43	8	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	43	9	1	1	X
ar-22395	43	10	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	43	11	facilitated	facilitate	VERB
ar-22395	43	12	unionization	unionization	NOUN
ar-22395	43	13	;	;	PUNCT
ar-22395	43	14	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	43	15	2	2	X
ar-22395	43	16	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	43	17	was	be	AUX
ar-22395	43	18	based	base	VERB
ar-22395	43	19	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	43	20	good	good	ADJ
ar-22395	43	21	part	part	NOUN
ar-22395	43	22	on	on	ADP
ar-22395	43	23	household	household	NOUN
ar-22395	43	24	consumption	consumption	NOUN
ar-22395	43	25	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	43	26	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	43	27	hence	hence	ADV
ar-22395	43	28	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	43	29	levels	level	NOUN
ar-22395	43	30	mattered	matter	VERB
ar-22395	43	31	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	43	32	that	that	SCONJ
ar-22395	43	33	they	they	PRON
ar-22395	43	34	created	create	VERB
ar-22395	43	35	effective	effective	ADJ
ar-22395	43	36	demand	demand	NOUN
ar-22395	43	37	;	;	PUNCT
ar-22395	43	38	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	43	39	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	43	40	3	3	X
ar-22395	43	41	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	43	42	the	the	DET
ar-22395	43	43	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	43	44	levels	level	NOUN
ar-22395	43	45	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	43	46	social	social	ADJ
ar-22395	43	47	benefits	benefit	NOUN
ar-22395	43	48	typical	typical	ADJ
ar-22395	43	49	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	43	50	the	the	DET
ar-22395	43	51	leading	lead	VERB
ar-22395	43	52	sectors	sector	NOUN
ar-22395	43	53	became	become	VERB
ar-22395	43	54	a	a	DET
ar-22395	43	55	model	model	NOUN
ar-22395	43	56	for	for	ADP
ar-22395	43	57	broader	broad	ADJ
ar-22395	43	58	sectors	sector	NOUN
ar-22395	43	59	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	43	60	the	the	DET
ar-22395	43	61	economy	economy	NOUN
ar-22395	43	62	”	"	PUNCT
ar-22395	43	63	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	43	64	sassen	sassen	VERB
ar-22395	43	65	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	43	66	2006	2006	NUM
ar-22395	43	67	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	43	68	151	151	NUM
ar-22395	43	69	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	43	70	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	44	1	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	44	2	contrast	contrast	NOUN
ar-22395	44	3	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	44	4	the	the	DET
ar-22395	44	5	post­fordist	post­fordist	NOUN
ar-22395	44	6	domination	domination	NOUN
ar-22395	44	7	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	44	8	economy	economy	NOUN
ar-22395	44	9	by	by	ADP
ar-22395	44	10	the	the	DET
ar-22395	44	11	finance	finance	NOUN
ar-22395	44	12	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	44	13	services	service	NOUN
ar-22395	44	14	industries	industry	NOUN
ar-22395	44	15	was	be	AUX
ar-22395	44	16	associated	associate	VERB
ar-22395	44	17	with	with	ADP
ar-22395	44	18	“	"	PUNCT
ar-22395	44	19	the	the	DET
ar-22395	44	20	growth	growth	NOUN
ar-22395	44	21	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	44	22	an	an	DET
ar-22395	44	23	informal	informal	ADJ
ar-22395	44	24	economy	economy	NOUN
ar-22395	44	25	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	44	26	large	large	ADJ
ar-22395	44	27	cities	city	NOUN
ar-22395	44	28	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	44	29	highly	highly	ADV
ar-22395	44	30	developed	develop	VERB
ar-22395	44	31	countries	country	NOUN
ar-22395	44	32	”	"	PUNCT
ar-22395	44	33	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	44	34	sassen	sassen	VERB
ar-22395	44	35	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	44	36	2006	2006	NUM
ar-22395	44	37	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	44	38	152	152	NUM
ar-22395	44	39	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	44	40	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	45	1	major	major	ADJ
ar-22395	45	2	cities	city	NOUN
ar-22395	45	3	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	45	4	highly	highly	ADV
ar-22395	45	5	developed	develop	VERB
ar-22395	45	6	countries	country	NOUN
ar-22395	45	7	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	45	8	including	include	VERB
ar-22395	45	9	toronto	toronto	PROPN
ar-22395	45	10	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	45	11	experienced	experience	VERB
ar-22395	45	12	greater	great	ADJ
ar-22395	45	13	informalization	informalization	NOUN
ar-22395	45	14	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	45	15	the	the	DET
ar-22395	45	16	labour	labour	NOUN
ar-22395	45	17	market	market	NOUN
ar-22395	45	18	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	45	19	the	the	DET
ar-22395	45	20	decline	decline	NOUN
ar-22395	45	21	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	45	22	standard	standard	ADJ
ar-22395	45	23	employment	employment	NOUN
ar-22395	45	24	relationships	relationship	NOUN
ar-22395	45	25	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	45	26	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	45	27	an	an	DET
ar-22395	45	28	increase	increase	NOUN
ar-22395	45	29	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	45	30	employment	employment	NOUN
ar-22395	45	31	precarity	precarity	NOUN
ar-22395	45	32	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	45	33	own	own	ADJ
ar-22395	45	34	account	account	NOUN
ar-22395	45	35	self­employment	self­employment	NOUN
ar-22395	45	36	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	45	37	see	see	VERB
ar-22395	45	38	lewchuk	lewchuk	NOUN
ar-22395	45	39	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	45	40	et	et	PROPN
ar-22395	45	41	al	al	PROPN
ar-22395	45	42	.	.	PROPN
ar-22395	45	43	2015	2015	NUM
ar-22395	45	44	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	45	45	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	46	1	saskia	saskia	PROPN
ar-22395	46	2	sassen	sassen	PROPN
ar-22395	46	3	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	46	4	2006	2006	NUM
ar-22395	46	5	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	46	6	observed	observe	VERB
ar-22395	46	7	that	that	SCONJ
ar-22395	46	8	a	a	DET
ar-22395	46	9	series	series	NOUN
ar-22395	46	10	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	46	11	trends	trend	NOUN
ar-22395	46	12	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	46	13	global	global	ADJ
ar-22395	46	14	cities	city	NOUN
ar-22395	46	15	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	46	16	including	include	VERB
ar-22395	46	17	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	46	18	on	on	ADP
ar-22395	46	19	the	the	DET
ar-22395	46	20	one	one	NUM
ar-22395	46	21	hand	hand	NOUN
ar-22395	46	22	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	46	23	the	the	DET
ar-22395	46	24	demand	demand	NOUN
ar-22395	46	25	for	for	ADP
ar-22395	46	26	high­priced	high­priced	ADJ
ar-22395	46	27	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	46	28	customized	customize	VERB
ar-22395	46	29	services	service	NOUN
ar-22395	46	30	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	46	31	products	product	NOUN
ar-22395	46	32	by	by	ADP
ar-22395	46	33	a	a	DET
ar-22395	46	34	narrowly	narrowly	ADV
ar-22395	46	35	based	base	VERB
ar-22395	46	36	but	but	CCONJ
ar-22395	46	37	growing	grow	VERB
ar-22395	46	38	high­income	high­income	ADJ
ar-22395	46	39	population	population	NOUN
ar-22395	46	40	;	;	PUNCT
ar-22395	46	41	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	46	42	on	on	ADP
ar-22395	46	43	the	the	DET
ar-22395	46	44	other	other	ADJ
ar-22395	46	45	hand	hand	NOUN
ar-22395	46	46	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	46	47	the	the	DET
ar-22395	46	48	increased	increase	VERB
ar-22395	46	49	need	need	NOUN
ar-22395	46	50	for	for	ADP
ar-22395	46	51	low­cost	low­cost	NOUN
ar-22395	46	52	services	service	NOUN
ar-22395	46	53	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	46	54	products	product	NOUN
ar-22395	46	55	by	by	ADP
ar-22395	46	56	an	an	DET
ar-22395	46	57	expanding	expand	VERB
ar-22395	46	58	low­income	low­income	NOUN
ar-22395	46	59	population	population	NOUN
ar-22395	46	60	reflected	reflect	VERB
ar-22395	46	61	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	46	62	a	a	DET
ar-22395	46	63	polarizing	polarizing	NOUN
ar-22395	46	64	economy	economy	NOUN
ar-22395	46	65	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	47	1	the	the	DET
ar-22395	47	2	rise	rise	NOUN
ar-22395	47	3	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	47	4	a	a	DET
ar-22395	47	5	more	more	ADV
ar-22395	47	6	informal	informal	ADJ
ar-22395	47	7	economy	economy	NOUN
ar-22395	47	8	has	have	AUX
ar-22395	47	9	become	become	VERB
ar-22395	47	10	a	a	DET
ar-22395	47	11	conduit	conduit	NOUN
ar-22395	47	12	“	"	PUNCT
ar-22395	47	13	for	for	ADP
ar-22395	47	14	reducing	reduce	VERB
ar-22395	47	15	costs	cost	NOUN
ar-22395	47	16	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	47	17	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	47	18	for	for	ADP
ar-22395	47	19	providing	provide	VERB
ar-22395	47	20	flexibility	flexibility	NOUN
ar-22395	47	21	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	47	22	instances	instance	NOUN
ar-22395	47	23	where	where	SCONJ
ar-22395	47	24	this	this	PRON
ar-22395	47	25	is	be	AUX
ar-22395	47	26	essential	essential	ADJ
ar-22395	47	27	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	47	28	advantageous	advantageous	ADJ
ar-22395	47	29	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	47	30	resulting	result	VERB
ar-22395	47	31	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	47	32	the	the	DET
ar-22395	47	33	various	various	ADJ
ar-22395	47	34	shifts	shift	NOUN
ar-22395	47	35	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	47	36	the	the	DET
ar-22395	47	37	earnings	earning	NOUN
ar-22395	47	38	distribution	distribution	NOUN
ar-22395	47	39	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	47	40	income	income	NOUN
ar-22395	47	41	structure	structure	NOUN
ar-22395	47	42	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	47	43	global	global	ADJ
ar-22395	47	44	cities	city	NOUN
ar-22395	47	45	”	"	PUNCT
ar-22395	47	46	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	47	47	sassen	sassen	VERB
ar-22395	47	48	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	47	49	2006	2006	NUM
ar-22395	47	50	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	47	51	162	162	NUM
ar-22395	47	52	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	47	53	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	48	1	the	the	DET
ar-22395	48	2	recent	recent	ADJ
ar-22395	48	3	report	report	NOUN
ar-22395	48	4	the	the	DET
ar-22395	48	5	precarious	precarious	ADJ
ar-22395	48	6	penalty	penalty	NOUN
ar-22395	48	7	vividly	vividly	ADV
ar-22395	48	8	documents	document	VERB
ar-22395	48	9	the	the	DET
ar-22395	48	10	growth	growth	NOUN
ar-22395	48	11	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	48	12	precarious	precarious	ADJ
ar-22395	48	13	insecure	insecure	ADJ
ar-22395	48	14	work	work	NOUN
ar-22395	48	15	within	within	ADP
ar-22395	48	16	the	the	DET
ar-22395	48	17	labour	labour	ADJ
ar-22395	48	18	force	force	NOUN
ar-22395	48	19	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	48	20	the	the	DET
ar-22395	48	21	toronto	toronto	PROPN
ar-22395	48	22	region	region	PROPN
ar-22395	48	23	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	48	24	lewchuk	lewchuk	PROPN
ar-22395	48	25	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	48	26	et	et	PROPN
ar-22395	48	27	al	al	PROPN
ar-22395	48	28	.	.	PROPN
ar-22395	48	29	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	48	30	2015	2015	NUM
ar-22395	48	31	;	;	PUNCT
ar-22395	48	32	also	also	ADV
ar-22395	48	33	see	see	VERB
ar-22395	48	34	lewchuk	lewchuk	PROPN
ar-22395	48	35	et	et	PROPN
ar-22395	48	36	al	al	PROPN
ar-22395	48	37	.	.	PROPN
ar-22395	48	38	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	48	39	this	this	DET
ar-22395	48	40	volume	volume	NOUN
ar-22395	48	41	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	48	42	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	49	1	guy	guy	NOUN
ar-22395	49	2	standing	stand	VERB
ar-22395	49	3	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	49	4	2011	2011	NUM
ar-22395	49	5	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	49	6	has	have	AUX
ar-22395	49	7	expanded	expand	VERB
ar-22395	49	8	on	on	ADP
ar-22395	49	9	global	global	ADJ
ar-22395	49	10	neoliberal	neoliberal	ADJ
ar-22395	49	11	capitalism	capitalism	NOUN
ar-22395	49	12	’s	’s	PART
ar-22395	49	13	need	need	NOUN
ar-22395	49	14	for	for	ADP
ar-22395	49	15	hyper	hyper	ADJ
ar-22395	49	16	exploitable	exploitable	ADJ
ar-22395	49	17	precarious	precarious	ADJ
ar-22395	49	18	labour	labour	NOUN
ar-22395	49	19	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	50	1	migrants	migrant	NOUN
ar-22395	50	2	“	"	PUNCT
ar-22395	50	3	make	make	VERB
ar-22395	50	4	up	up	ADP
ar-22395	50	5	a	a	DET
ar-22395	50	6	disproportionate	disproportionate	ADJ
ar-22395	50	7	part	part	NOUN
ar-22395	50	8	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	50	9	the	the	DET
ar-22395	50	10	growing	grow	VERB
ar-22395	50	11	social	social	ADJ
ar-22395	50	12	category	category	NOUN
ar-22395	50	13	whose	whose	DET
ar-22395	50	14	experience	experience	NOUN
ar-22395	50	15	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	50	16	the	the	DET
ar-22395	50	17	world	world	NOUN
ar-22395	50	18	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	50	19	work	work	NOUN
ar-22395	50	20	is	be	AUX
ar-22395	50	21	marked	mark	VERB
ar-22395	50	22	by	by	ADP
ar-22395	50	23	‘	'	PUNCT
ar-22395	50	24	precarity	precarity	NOUN
ar-22395	50	25	’	'	PUNCT
ar-22395	50	26	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	50	27	terms	term	NOUN
ar-22395	50	28	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	50	29	informal	informal	ADJ
ar-22395	50	30	labour	labour	NOUN
ar-22395	50	31	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	50	32	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	50	33	squeezes	squeeze	NOUN
ar-22395	50	34	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	50	35	temporariness	temporariness	ADV
ar-22395	50	36	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	50	37	uncertainty	uncertainty	NOUN
ar-22395	50	38	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	50	39	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	50	40	pernicious	pernicious	ADJ
ar-22395	50	41	risk	risk	NOUN
ar-22395	50	42	”	"	PUNCT
ar-22395	50	43	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	50	44	schierup	schierup	NOUN
ar-22395	50	45	et	et	PROPN
ar-22395	50	46	al	al	PROPN
ar-22395	50	47	.	.	PROPN
ar-22395	50	48	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	50	49	2014	2014	NUM
ar-22395	50	50	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	50	51	2	2	NUM
ar-22395	50	52	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	50	53	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	51	1	for	for	ADP
ar-22395	51	2	standing	standing	NOUN
ar-22395	51	3	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	51	4	illegalized	illegalize	VERB
ar-22395	51	5	migrants	migrant	NOUN
ar-22395	51	6	form	form	VERB
ar-22395	51	7	a	a	DET
ar-22395	51	8	core	core	NOUN
ar-22395	51	9	element	element	NOUN
ar-22395	51	10	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	51	11	the	the	DET
ar-22395	51	12	group	group	NOUN
ar-22395	51	13	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	51	14	low­wage	low­wage	NOUN
ar-22395	51	15	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	51	16	vulnerable	vulnerable	ADJ
ar-22395	51	17	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	51	18	he	he	PRON
ar-22395	51	19	calls	call	VERB
ar-22395	51	20	the	the	DET
ar-22395	51	21	precariat	precariat	NOUN
ar-22395	51	22	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	51	23	standing	standing	NOUN
ar-22395	51	24	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	51	25	2011	2011	NUM
ar-22395	51	26	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	51	27	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	52	1	according	accord	VERB
ar-22395	52	2	to	to	ADP
ar-22395	52	3	schierup	schierup	PROPN
ar-22395	52	4	et	et	PROPN
ar-22395	52	5	al	al	PROPN
ar-22395	52	6	.	.	PROPN
ar-22395	53	1	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	53	2	2014	2014	NUM
ar-22395	53	3	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	53	4	2	2	NUM
ar-22395	53	5	):	):	PUNCT
ar-22395	53	6	“	"	PUNCT
ar-22395	53	7	exclusivist	exclusivist	ADJ
ar-22395	53	8	migration	migration	NOUN
ar-22395	53	9	policies	policy	NOUN
ar-22395	53	10	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	53	11	together	together	ADV
ar-22395	53	12	with	with	ADP
ar-22395	53	13	the	the	DET
ar-22395	53	14	‘	'	PUNCT
ar-22395	53	15	irregularization	irregularization	NOUN
ar-22395	53	16	’	'	PUNCT
ar-22395	53	17	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	53	18	citizenship	citizenship	NOUN
ar-22395	53	19	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	53	20	have	have	AUX
ar-22395	53	21	forged	forge	VERB
ar-22395	53	22	a	a	DET
ar-22395	53	23	globally	globally	ADV
ar-22395	53	24	fragmented	fragmented	ADJ
ar-22395	53	25	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	53	26	disposable	disposable	ADJ
ar-22395	53	27	labour	labour	NOUN
ar-22395	53	28	force	force	NOUN
ar-22395	53	29	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	53	30	industry	industry	NOUN
ar-22395	53	31	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	53	32	entertainment	entertainment	NOUN
ar-22395	53	33	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	53	34	hospitality	hospitality	NOUN
ar-22395	53	35	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	53	36	care­work	care­work	NOUN
ar-22395	53	37	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	53	38	‘	'	PUNCT
ar-22395	53	39	illegalized	illegalize	VERB
ar-22395	53	40	’	'	PUNCT
ar-22395	53	41	migrant	migrant	ADJ
ar-22395	53	42	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	53	43	|	|	ADV
ar-22395	53	44	113	113	NUM
ar-22395	53	45	cleaning	cleaning	NOUN
ar-22395	53	46	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	53	47	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	53	48	domestic	domestic	ADJ
ar-22395	53	49	services	service	NOUN
ar-22395	53	50	subject	subject	ADJ
ar-22395	53	51	to	to	ADP
ar-22395	53	52	long	long	ADJ
ar-22395	53	53	hours	hour	NOUN
ar-22395	53	54	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	53	55	dangerous	dangerous	ADJ
ar-22395	53	56	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	53	57	demanding	demanding	ADJ
ar-22395	53	58	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	53	59	demeaning	demeaning	ADJ
ar-22395	53	60	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	53	61	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	53	62	dirty	dirty	ADJ
ar-22395	53	63	work	work	NOUN
ar-22395	53	64	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	53	65	permanent	permanent	ADJ
ar-22395	53	66	fear	fear	NOUN
ar-22395	53	67	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	53	68	dismissal	dismissal	NOUN
ar-22395	53	69	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	53	70	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	53	71	potentially	potentially	ADV
ar-22395	53	72	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	53	73	deportation	deportation	NOUN
ar-22395	53	74	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	54	1	these	these	DET
ar-22395	54	2	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	54	3	are	be	AUX
ar-22395	54	4	exceedingly	exceedingly	ADV
ar-22395	54	5	vulnerable	vulnerable	ADJ
ar-22395	54	6	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	54	7	many	many	ADJ
ar-22395	54	8	basic	basic	ADJ
ar-22395	54	9	labour	labour	NOUN
ar-22395	54	10	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	54	11	citizenship	citizenship	NOUN
ar-22395	54	12	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	54	13	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	54	14	human	human	ADJ
ar-22395	54	15	rights	right	NOUN
ar-22395	54	16	simply	simply	ADV
ar-22395	54	17	do	do	AUX
ar-22395	54	18	not	not	PART
ar-22395	54	19	apply	apply	VERB
ar-22395	54	20	to	to	ADP
ar-22395	54	21	them	they	PRON
ar-22395	54	22	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	55	1	it	it	PRON
ar-22395	55	2	is	be	AUX
ar-22395	55	3	a	a	DET
ar-22395	55	4	precarious	precarious	ADJ
ar-22395	55	5	workforce	workforce	NOUN
ar-22395	55	6	present	present	NOUN
ar-22395	55	7	globally	globally	ADV
ar-22395	55	8	;	;	PUNCT
ar-22395	55	9	segmented	segment	VERB
ar-22395	55	10	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	55	11	discriminated	discriminate	VERB
ar-22395	55	12	against	against	ADP
ar-22395	55	13	through	through	ADP
ar-22395	55	14	ascription	ascription	NOUN
ar-22395	55	15	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	55	16	race	race	NOUN
ar-22395	55	17	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	55	18	ethnicity	ethnicity	NOUN
ar-22395	55	19	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	55	20	also	also	ADV
ar-22395	55	21	gender	gender	NOUN
ar-22395	55	22	through	through	ADP
ar-22395	55	23	insertion	insertion	NOUN
ar-22395	55	24	into	into	ADP
ar-22395	55	25	specific	specific	ADJ
ar-22395	55	26	sections	section	NOUN
ar-22395	55	27	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	55	28	the	the	DET
ar-22395	55	29	local	local	ADJ
ar-22395	55	30	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	55	31	national	national	ADJ
ar-22395	55	32	labour	labour	ADJ
ar-22395	55	33	markets	market	NOUN
ar-22395	55	34	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	55	35	”	"	PUNCT
ar-22395	56	1	while	while	SCONJ
ar-22395	56	2	all	all	DET
ar-22395	56	3	low­wage	low­wage	NOUN
ar-22395	56	4	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	56	5	including	include	VERB
ar-22395	56	6	non­migrant	non­migrant	ADJ
ar-22395	56	7	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	56	8	“	"	PUNCT
ar-22395	56	9	legal	legal	ADJ
ar-22395	56	10	”	"	PUNCT
ar-22395	56	11	migrant	migrant	ADJ
ar-22395	56	12	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	56	13	have	have	AUX
ar-22395	56	14	been	be	AUX
ar-22395	56	15	the	the	DET
ar-22395	56	16	focus	focus	NOUN
ar-22395	56	17	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	56	18	attention	attention	NOUN
ar-22395	56	19	for	for	ADP
ar-22395	56	20	the	the	DET
ar-22395	56	21	living	live	VERB
ar-22395	56	22	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	56	23	movement	movement	NOUN
ar-22395	56	24	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	56	25	illegalized	illegalize	VERB
ar-22395	56	26	migrants	migrant	NOUN
ar-22395	56	27	are	be	AUX
ar-22395	56	28	playing	play	VERB
ar-22395	56	29	a	a	DET
ar-22395	56	30	special	special	ADJ
ar-22395	56	31	role	role	NOUN
ar-22395	56	32	to	to	ADP
ar-22395	56	33	modern	modern	ADJ
ar-22395	56	34	capitalism	capitalism	NOUN
ar-22395	56	35	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	56	36	which	which	PRON
ar-22395	56	37	requires	require	VERB
ar-22395	56	38	corresponding	correspond	VERB
ar-22395	56	39	attention	attention	NOUN
ar-22395	56	40	within	within	ADP
ar-22395	56	41	the	the	DET
ar-22395	56	42	living­wage	living­wage	NOUN
ar-22395	56	43	movement	movement	NOUN
ar-22395	56	44	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	57	1	the	the	DET
ar-22395	57	2	living	live	VERB
ar-22395	57	3	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	57	4	movement	movement	NOUN
ar-22395	57	5	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	57	6	1906	1906	NUM
ar-22395	57	7	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	57	8	john	john	PROPN
ar-22395	57	9	ryan	ryan	PROPN
ar-22395	57	10	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	57	11	a	a	DET
ar-22395	57	12	roman	roman	ADJ
ar-22395	57	13	catholic	catholic	PROPN
ar-22395	57	14	priest	priest	PROPN
ar-22395	57	15	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	57	16	argued	argue	VERB
ar-22395	57	17	that	that	SCONJ
ar-22395	57	18	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	57	19	“	"	PUNCT
ar-22395	57	20	the	the	DET
ar-22395	57	21	laborer	laborer	NOUN
ar-22395	57	22	’s	’s	PART
ar-22395	57	23	claim	claim	NOUN
ar-22395	57	24	to	to	ADP
ar-22395	57	25	a	a	DET
ar-22395	57	26	living	living	NOUN
ar-22395	57	27	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	57	28	is	be	AUX
ar-22395	57	29	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	57	30	the	the	DET
ar-22395	57	31	nature	nature	NOUN
ar-22395	57	32	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	57	33	a	a	DET
ar-22395	57	34	right	right	NOUN
ar-22395	57	35	”	"	PUNCT
ar-22395	57	36	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	57	37	ryan	ryan	PROPN
ar-22395	57	38	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	57	39	1920	1920	NUM
ar-22395	57	40	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	57	41	revised	revise	VERB
ar-22395	57	42	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	57	43	abridged	abridge	VERB
ar-22395	57	44	edition	edition	NOUN
ar-22395	57	45	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	57	46	3	3	NUM
ar-22395	57	47	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	57	48	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	58	1	he	he	PRON
ar-22395	58	2	further	far	ADV
ar-22395	58	3	stated	state	VERB
ar-22395	58	4	that	that	SCONJ
ar-22395	58	5	“	"	PUNCT
ar-22395	58	6	the	the	DET
ar-22395	58	7	laborer	laborer	NOUN
ar-22395	58	8	’s	’	VERB
ar-22395	58	9	right	right	ADJ
ar-22395	58	10	to	to	ADP
ar-22395	58	11	a	a	DET
ar-22395	58	12	decent	decent	ADJ
ar-22395	58	13	livelihood	livelihood	NOUN
ar-22395	58	14	is	be	AUX
ar-22395	58	15	superior	superior	ADJ
ar-22395	58	16	to	to	ADP
ar-22395	58	17	the	the	DET
ar-22395	58	18	employer	employer	NOUN
ar-22395	58	19	’s	’s	PART
ar-22395	58	20	right	right	NOUN
ar-22395	58	21	to	to	PART
ar-22395	58	22	enjoy	enjoy	VERB
ar-22395	58	23	goods	good	NOUN
ar-22395	58	24	that	that	PRON
ar-22395	58	25	are	be	AUX
ar-22395	58	26	superfluous	superfluous	ADJ
ar-22395	58	27	to	to	ADP
ar-22395	58	28	his	his	PRON
ar-22395	58	29	social	social	ADJ
ar-22395	58	30	position	position	NOUN
ar-22395	58	31	”	"	PUNCT
ar-22395	58	32	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	58	33	ryan	ryan	PROPN
ar-22395	58	34	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	58	35	1920	1920	NUM
ar-22395	58	36	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	58	37	3	3	NUM
ar-22395	58	38	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	58	39	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	59	1	drawing	draw	VERB
ar-22395	59	2	from	from	ADP
ar-22395	59	3	these	these	DET
ar-22395	59	4	ideas	idea	NOUN
ar-22395	59	5	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	59	6	unions	union	NOUN
ar-22395	59	7	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	59	8	community	community	NOUN
ar-22395	59	9	groups	group	NOUN
ar-22395	59	10	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	59	11	religious	religious	ADJ
ar-22395	59	12	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	59	13	other	other	ADJ
ar-22395	59	14	civil	civil	ADJ
ar-22395	59	15	society	society	NOUN
ar-22395	59	16	organizations	organization	NOUN
ar-22395	59	17	today	today	NOUN
ar-22395	59	18	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	59	19	are	be	AUX
ar-22395	59	20	lobbying	lobby	VERB
ar-22395	59	21	municipalities	municipality	NOUN
ar-22395	59	22	to	to	PART
ar-22395	59	23	pass	pass	VERB
ar-22395	59	24	laws	law	NOUN
ar-22395	59	25	requiring	require	VERB
ar-22395	59	26	employers	employer	NOUN
ar-22395	59	27	to	to	PART
ar-22395	59	28	pay	pay	VERB
ar-22395	59	29	employees	employee	NOUN
ar-22395	59	30	a	a	DET
ar-22395	59	31	living	living	NOUN
ar-22395	59	32	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	59	33	for	for	ADP
ar-22395	59	34	work	work	NOUN
ar-22395	59	35	done	do	VERB
ar-22395	59	36	for	for	ADP
ar-22395	59	37	the	the	DET
ar-22395	59	38	city	city	NOUN
ar-22395	59	39	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	59	40	to	to	PART
ar-22395	59	41	persuade	persuade	VERB
ar-22395	59	42	employers	employer	NOUN
ar-22395	59	43	to	to	PART
ar-22395	59	44	voluntarily	voluntarily	ADV
ar-22395	59	45	pay	pay	VERB
ar-22395	59	46	a	a	DET
ar-22395	59	47	living	live	VERB
ar-22395	59	48	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	59	49	to	to	ADP
ar-22395	59	50	their	their	PRON
ar-22395	59	51	employees	employee	NOUN
ar-22395	59	52	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	60	1	the	the	DET
ar-22395	60	2	calculation	calculation	NOUN
ar-22395	60	3	for	for	ADP
ar-22395	60	4	the	the	DET
ar-22395	60	5	“	"	PUNCT
ar-22395	60	6	modern	modern	ADJ
ar-22395	60	7	”	"	PUNCT
ar-22395	60	8	day	day	NOUN
ar-22395	60	9	living	living	NOUN
ar-22395	60	10	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	60	11	is	be	AUX
ar-22395	60	12	usually	usually	ADV
ar-22395	60	13	based	base	VERB
ar-22395	60	14	on	on	ADP
ar-22395	60	15	the	the	DET
ar-22395	60	16	official	official	ADJ
ar-22395	60	17	poverty	poverty	NOUN
ar-22395	60	18	threshold	threshold	NOUN
ar-22395	60	19	for	for	ADP
ar-22395	60	20	a	a	DET
ar-22395	60	21	family	family	NOUN
ar-22395	60	22	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	60	23	four	four	NUM
ar-22395	60	24	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	60	25	centred	centre	VERB
ar-22395	60	26	on	on	ADP
ar-22395	60	27	the	the	DET
ar-22395	60	28	concept	concept	NOUN
ar-22395	60	29	that	that	SCONJ
ar-22395	60	30	people	people	NOUN
ar-22395	60	31	who	who	PRON
ar-22395	60	32	work	work	VERB
ar-22395	60	33	full­time	full­time	ADJ
ar-22395	60	34	jobs	job	NOUN
ar-22395	60	35	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	60	36	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	60	37	their	their	PRON
ar-22395	60	38	families	family	NOUN
ar-22395	60	39	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	60	40	should	should	AUX
ar-22395	60	41	not	not	PART
ar-22395	60	42	be	be	AUX
ar-22395	60	43	forced	force	VERB
ar-22395	60	44	to	to	PART
ar-22395	60	45	live	live	VERB
ar-22395	60	46	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	60	47	poverty	poverty	NOUN
ar-22395	60	48	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	60	49	devinatz	devinatz	NOUN
ar-22395	60	50	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	60	51	2013	2013	NUM
ar-22395	60	52	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	60	53	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	61	1	the	the	DET
ar-22395	61	2	living­wage	living­wage	NOUN
ar-22395	61	3	movement	movement	NOUN
ar-22395	61	4	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	61	5	however	however	ADV
ar-22395	61	6	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	61	7	is	be	AUX
ar-22395	61	8	about	about	ADV
ar-22395	61	9	more	more	ADJ
ar-22395	61	10	than	than	ADP
ar-22395	61	11	raising	raise	VERB
ar-22395	61	12	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	61	13	’	’	PART
ar-22395	61	14	wages	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	61	15	to	to	ADP
ar-22395	61	16	above	above	ADP
ar-22395	61	17	sub­poverty	sub­poverty	NUM
ar-22395	61	18	levels	level	NOUN
ar-22395	61	19	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	62	1	it	it	PRON
ar-22395	62	2	encompasses	encompass	VERB
ar-22395	62	3	a	a	DET
ar-22395	62	4	much	much	ADV
ar-22395	62	5	broader	broad	ADJ
ar-22395	62	6	agenda	agenda	NOUN
ar-22395	62	7	for	for	ADP
ar-22395	62	8	improving	improve	VERB
ar-22395	62	9	the	the	DET
ar-22395	62	10	overall	overall	ADJ
ar-22395	62	11	labour	labour	ADJ
ar-22395	62	12	market	market	NOUN
ar-22395	62	13	conditions	condition	NOUN
ar-22395	62	14	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	62	15	low­wage	low­wage	NOUN
ar-22395	62	16	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	62	17	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	62	18	pollin	pollin	NOUN
ar-22395	62	19	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	62	20	luce	luce	NOUN
ar-22395	62	21	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	62	22	1998	1998	NUM
ar-22395	62	23	;	;	PUNCT
ar-22395	62	24	reynolds	reynold	NOUN
ar-22395	62	25	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	62	26	2001	2001	NUM
ar-22395	62	27	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	62	28	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	63	1	pollin	pollin	PROPN
ar-22395	63	2	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	63	3	luce	luce	PROPN
ar-22395	63	4	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	63	5	1998	1998	NUM
ar-22395	63	6	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	63	7	7­8	7­8	NUM
ar-22395	63	8	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	63	9	explain	explain	VERB
ar-22395	63	10	:	:	PUNCT
ar-22395	63	11	“	"	PUNCT
ar-22395	63	12	the	the	DET
ar-22395	63	13	living	live	VERB
ar-22395	63	14	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	63	15	movement	movement	NOUN
ar-22395	63	16	is	be	AUX
ar-22395	63	17	resisting	resist	VERB
ar-22395	63	18	dominant	dominant	ADJ
ar-22395	63	19	economic	economic	ADJ
ar-22395	63	20	trends	trend	NOUN
ar-22395	63	21	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	63	22	posing	pose	VERB
ar-22395	63	23	an	an	DET
ar-22395	63	24	alternative	alternative	ADJ
ar-22395	63	25	economic	economic	ADJ
ar-22395	63	26	vision	vision	NOUN
ar-22395	63	27	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	63	28	making	make	VERB
ar-22395	63	29	it	it	PRON
ar-22395	63	30	an	an	DET
ar-22395	63	31	effective	effective	ADJ
ar-22395	63	32	voice	voice	NOUN
ar-22395	63	33	for	for	ADP
ar-22395	63	34	economic	economic	ADJ
ar-22395	63	35	justice	justice	NOUN
ar-22395	63	36	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	63	37	the	the	DET
ar-22395	63	38	united	united	PROPN
ar-22395	63	39	states	states	PROPN
ar-22395	63	40	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	64	1	[	[	X
ar-22395	64	2	it	it	PRON
ar-22395	64	3	]	]	X
ar-22395	64	4	…	…	PUNCT
ar-22395	64	5	is	be	AUX
ar-22395	64	6	committed	commit	VERB
ar-22395	64	7	to	to	ADP
ar-22395	64	8	reversing	reverse	VERB
ar-22395	64	9	the	the	DET
ar-22395	64	10	economy­	economy­	VERB
ar-22395	64	11	wide	wide	ADJ
ar-22395	64	12	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	64	13	squeeze	squeeze	NOUN
ar-22395	64	14	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	64	15	stopping	stop	VERB
ar-22395	64	16	tax	tax	NOUN
ar-22395	64	17	giveaways	giveaway	NOUN
ar-22395	64	18	to	to	ADP
ar-22395	64	19	big	big	ADJ
ar-22395	64	20	businesses	business	NOUN
ar-22395	64	21	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	64	22	reenergizing	reenergize	VERB
ar-22395	64	23	the	the	DET
ar-22395	64	24	labor	labor	NOUN
ar-22395	64	25	movement	movement	NOUN
ar-22395	64	26	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	64	27	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	64	28	ending	end	VERB
ar-22395	64	29	the	the	DET
ar-22395	64	30	war	war	NOUN
ar-22395	64	31	on	on	ADP
ar-22395	64	32	the	the	DET
ar-22395	64	33	poor	poor	ADJ
ar-22395	64	34	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	64	35	”	"	PUNCT
ar-22395	65	1	the	the	DET
ar-22395	65	2	goals	goal	NOUN
ar-22395	65	3	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	65	4	the	the	DET
ar-22395	65	5	los	los	PROPN
ar-22395	65	6	angeles	angeles	PROPN
ar-22395	65	7	living­wage	living­wage	NOUN
ar-22395	65	8	campaign	campaign	NOUN
ar-22395	65	9	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	65	10	for	for	ADP
ar-22395	65	11	example	example	NOUN
ar-22395	65	12	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	65	13	were	be	AUX
ar-22395	65	14	to	to	PART
ar-22395	65	15	“	"	PUNCT
ar-22395	65	16	directly	directly	ADV
ar-22395	65	17	affect	affect	VERB
ar-22395	65	18	the	the	DET
ar-22395	65	19	lives	life	NOUN
ar-22395	65	20	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	65	21	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	65	22	who	who	PRON
ar-22395	65	23	are	be	AUX
ar-22395	65	24	getting	get	VERB
ar-22395	65	25	a	a	DET
ar-22395	65	26	raise	raise	NOUN
ar-22395	65	27	;	;	PUNCT
ar-22395	65	28	to	to	ADP
ar-22395	65	29	114	114	NUM
ar-22395	65	30	|	|	ADV
ar-22395	65	31	precarious	precarious	ADJ
ar-22395	65	32	work	work	NOUN
ar-22395	65	33	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	65	34	the	the	DET
ar-22395	65	35	struggle	struggle	NOUN
ar-22395	65	36	for	for	ADP
ar-22395	65	37	living	live	VERB
ar-22395	65	38	wages	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	65	39	develop	develop	VERB
ar-22395	65	40	a	a	DET
ar-22395	65	41	tool	tool	NOUN
ar-22395	65	42	for	for	ADP
ar-22395	65	43	union	union	NOUN
ar-22395	65	44	organizing	organizing	NOUN
ar-22395	65	45	actions	action	NOUN
ar-22395	65	46	;	;	PUNCT
ar-22395	65	47	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	65	48	to	to	PART
ar-22395	65	49	raise	raise	VERB
ar-22395	65	50	the	the	DET
ar-22395	65	51	public	public	ADJ
ar-22395	65	52	issue	issue	NOUN
ar-22395	65	53	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	65	54	the	the	DET
ar-22395	65	55	need	need	NOUN
ar-22395	65	56	for	for	ADP
ar-22395	65	57	a	a	DET
ar-22395	65	58	living	live	VERB
ar-22395	65	59	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	65	60	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	65	61	the	the	DET
ar-22395	65	62	problem	problem	NOUN
ar-22395	65	63	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	65	64	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	65	65	inequity	inequity	NOUN
ar-22395	65	66	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	65	67	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	65	68	a	a	DET
ar-22395	65	69	certain	certain	ADJ
ar-22395	65	70	level	level	NOUN
ar-22395	65	71	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	65	72	dignified	dignified	ADJ
ar-22395	65	73	treatment	treatment	NOUN
ar-22395	65	74	for	for	ADP
ar-22395	65	75	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	65	76	”	"	PUNCT
ar-22395	65	77	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	65	78	pollin	pollin	NOUN
ar-22395	65	79	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	65	80	luce	luce	NOUN
ar-22395	65	81	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	65	82	1998	1998	NUM
ar-22395	65	83	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	65	84	8)	8)	NUM
ar-22395	65	85	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	66	1	religious	religious	ADJ
ar-22395	66	2	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	66	3	union	union	NOUN
ar-22395	66	4	support	support	NOUN
ar-22395	66	5	for	for	ADP
ar-22395	66	6	the	the	DET
ar-22395	66	7	modern	modern	ADJ
ar-22395	66	8	living	living	NOUN
ar-22395	66	9	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	66	10	movement	movement	NOUN
ar-22395	66	11	has	have	AUX
ar-22395	66	12	also	also	ADV
ar-22395	66	13	been	be	AUX
ar-22395	66	14	tied	tie	VERB
ar-22395	66	15	to	to	ADP
ar-22395	66	16	a	a	DET
ar-22395	66	17	broad	broad	ADJ
ar-22395	66	18	agenda	agenda	NOUN
ar-22395	66	19	for	for	ADP
ar-22395	66	20	equality	equality	NOUN
ar-22395	66	21	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	66	22	economic	economic	ADJ
ar-22395	66	23	fairness	fairness	NOUN
ar-22395	66	24	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	66	25	holgate	holgate	PROPN
ar-22395	66	26	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	66	27	2013	2013	NUM
ar-22395	66	28	;	;	PUNCT
ar-22395	66	29	pollin	pollin	NOUN
ar-22395	66	30	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	66	31	luce	luce	NOUN
ar-22395	66	32	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	66	33	1998	1998	NUM
ar-22395	66	34	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	66	35	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	67	1	while	while	SCONJ
ar-22395	67	2	some	some	DET
ar-22395	67	3	living­wage	living­wage	NOUN
ar-22395	67	4	campaigns	campaign	NOUN
ar-22395	67	5	have	have	AUX
ar-22395	67	6	been	be	AUX
ar-22395	67	7	unsuccessful	unsuccessful	ADJ
ar-22395	67	8	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	67	9	some	some	DET
ar-22395	67	10	living	live	VERB
ar-22395	67	11	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	67	12	ordinances	ordinance	NOUN
ar-22395	67	13	have	have	AUX
ar-22395	67	14	been	be	AUX
ar-22395	67	15	repealed	repeal	VERB
ar-22395	67	16	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	67	17	there	there	PRON
ar-22395	67	18	are	be	VERB
ar-22395	67	19	many	many	ADJ
ar-22395	67	20	examples	example	NOUN
ar-22395	67	21	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	67	22	living­wage	living­wage	NOUN
ar-22395	67	23	campaigns	campaign	NOUN
ar-22395	67	24	that	that	PRON
ar-22395	67	25	achieved	achieve	VERB
ar-22395	67	26	their	their	PRON
ar-22395	67	27	goals	goal	NOUN
ar-22395	67	28	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	67	29	holgate	holgate	PROPN
ar-22395	67	30	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	67	31	2011	2011	NUM
ar-22395	67	32	;	;	PUNCT
ar-22395	67	33	levin­waldman	levin­waldman	NOUN
ar-22395	67	34	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	67	35	2008	2008	NUM
ar-22395	67	36	;	;	PUNCT
ar-22395	67	37	luce	luce	NOUN
ar-22395	67	38	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	67	39	2005	2005	NUM
ar-22395	67	40	;	;	PUNCT
ar-22395	67	41	reynolds	reynold	NOUN
ar-22395	67	42	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	67	43	2001	2001	NUM
ar-22395	67	44	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	67	45	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	68	1	beginning	begin	VERB
ar-22395	68	2	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	68	3	baltimore	baltimore	PROPN
ar-22395	68	4	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	68	5	the	the	DET
ar-22395	68	6	early	early	ADJ
ar-22395	68	7	1990s	1990	NOUN
ar-22395	68	8	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	68	9	the	the	DET
ar-22395	68	10	living­	living­	NOUN
ar-22395	68	11	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	68	12	movement	movement	NOUN
ar-22395	68	13	quickly	quickly	ADV
ar-22395	68	14	spread	spread	VERB
ar-22395	68	15	to	to	ADP
ar-22395	68	16	dozens	dozen	NOUN
ar-22395	68	17	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	68	18	cities	city	NOUN
ar-22395	68	19	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	68	20	the	the	DET
ar-22395	68	21	us	us	PROPN
ar-22395	68	22	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	68	23	uk	uk	PROPN
ar-22395	68	24	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	68	25	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	68	26	canada	canada	PROPN
ar-22395	68	27	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	69	1	while	while	SCONJ
ar-22395	69	2	some	some	DET
ar-22395	69	3	effort	effort	NOUN
ar-22395	69	4	has	have	AUX
ar-22395	69	5	been	be	AUX
ar-22395	69	6	made	make	VERB
ar-22395	69	7	to	to	PART
ar-22395	69	8	bring	bring	VERB
ar-22395	69	9	living	living	NOUN
ar-22395	69	10	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	69	11	policies	policy	NOUN
ar-22395	69	12	to	to	ADP
ar-22395	69	13	the	the	DET
ar-22395	69	14	national	national	ADJ
ar-22395	69	15	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	69	16	regional	regional	ADJ
ar-22395	69	17	scales	scale	NOUN
ar-22395	69	18	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	69	19	bbc	bbc	PROPN
ar-22395	69	20	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	69	21	2015	2015	NUM
ar-22395	69	22	;	;	PUNCT
ar-22395	69	23	freeman	freeman	NOUN
ar-22395	69	24	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	69	25	2005	2005	NUM
ar-22395	69	26	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	69	27	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	69	28	it	it	PRON
ar-22395	69	29	is	be	AUX
ar-22395	69	30	at	at	ADP
ar-22395	69	31	the	the	DET
ar-22395	69	32	municipal	municipal	ADJ
ar-22395	69	33	level	level	NOUN
ar-22395	69	34	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	69	35	government	government	NOUN
ar-22395	69	36	that	that	SCONJ
ar-22395	69	37	the	the	DET
ar-22395	69	38	greatest	great	ADJ
ar-22395	69	39	successes	success	NOUN
ar-22395	69	40	have	have	AUX
ar-22395	69	41	been	be	AUX
ar-22395	69	42	achieved	achieve	VERB
ar-22395	69	43	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	70	1	living	live	VERB
ar-22395	70	2	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	70	3	movements	movement	NOUN
ar-22395	70	4	tend	tend	VERB
ar-22395	70	5	to	to	PART
ar-22395	70	6	target	target	VERB
ar-22395	70	7	municipalities	municipality	NOUN
ar-22395	70	8	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	70	9	the	the	DET
ar-22395	70	10	core	core	NOUN
ar-22395	70	11	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	70	12	larger	large	ADJ
ar-22395	70	13	metropolitan	metropolitan	ADJ
ar-22395	70	14	areas	area	NOUN
ar-22395	70	15	because	because	SCONJ
ar-22395	70	16	“	"	PUNCT
ar-22395	70	17	the	the	DET
ar-22395	70	18	problem	problem	NOUN
ar-22395	70	19	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	70	20	poverty	poverty	NOUN
ar-22395	70	21	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	70	22	low­	low­	PROPN
ar-22395	70	23	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	70	24	employment	employment	NOUN
ar-22395	70	25	are	be	AUX
ar-22395	70	26	more	more	ADV
ar-22395	70	27	severe	severe	ADJ
ar-22395	70	28	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	70	29	cities	city	NOUN
ar-22395	70	30	than	than	ADP
ar-22395	70	31	sub­urban	sub­urban	ADJ
ar-22395	70	32	regions	region	NOUN
ar-22395	70	33	”	"	PUNCT
ar-22395	70	34	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	70	35	pollin	pollin	NOUN
ar-22395	70	36	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	70	37	luce	luce	NOUN
ar-22395	70	38	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	70	39	1998	1998	NUM
ar-22395	70	40	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	70	41	54	54	NUM
ar-22395	70	42	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	70	43	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	71	1	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	71	2	practice	practice	NOUN
ar-22395	71	3	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	71	4	cities	city	NOUN
ar-22395	71	5	typically	typically	ADV
ar-22395	71	6	will	will	AUX
ar-22395	71	7	adopt	adopt	VERB
ar-22395	71	8	only	only	ADV
ar-22395	71	9	one	one	NUM
ar-22395	71	10	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	71	11	two	two	NUM
ar-22395	71	12	versions	version	NOUN
ar-22395	71	13	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	71	14	living	live	VERB
ar-22395	71	15	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	71	16	policies	policy	NOUN
ar-22395	71	17	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	72	1	the	the	DET
ar-22395	72	2	first	first	ADJ
ar-22395	72	3	is	be	AUX
ar-22395	72	4	the	the	DET
ar-22395	72	5	contractor­only	contractor­only	ADJ
ar-22395	72	6	ordinance	ordinance	NOUN
ar-22395	72	7	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	72	8	which	which	PRON
ar-22395	72	9	covers	cover	VERB
ar-22395	72	10	companies	company	NOUN
ar-22395	72	11	that	that	PRON
ar-22395	72	12	possess	possess	VERB
ar-22395	72	13	contracts	contract	NOUN
ar-22395	72	14	with	with	ADP
ar-22395	72	15	municipal	municipal	ADJ
ar-22395	72	16	governments	government	NOUN
ar-22395	72	17	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	73	1	the	the	DET
ar-22395	73	2	second	second	ADJ
ar-22395	73	3	applies	apply	VERB
ar-22395	73	4	to	to	ADP
ar-22395	73	5	private	private	ADJ
ar-22395	73	6	businesses	business	NOUN
ar-22395	73	7	that	that	PRON
ar-22395	73	8	receive	receive	VERB
ar-22395	73	9	financial	financial	ADJ
ar-22395	73	10	support	support	NOUN
ar-22395	73	11	from	from	ADP
ar-22395	73	12	the	the	DET
ar-22395	73	13	governments	government	NOUN
ar-22395	73	14	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	74	1	either	either	DET
ar-22395	74	2	way	way	NOUN
ar-22395	74	3	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	74	4	these	these	DET
ar-22395	74	5	two	two	NUM
ar-22395	74	6	kinds	kind	NOUN
ar-22395	74	7	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	74	8	statutes	statute	NOUN
ar-22395	74	9	end	end	VERB
ar-22395	74	10	up	up	ADP
ar-22395	74	11	applying	apply	VERB
ar-22395	74	12	to	to	ADP
ar-22395	74	13	less	less	ADJ
ar-22395	74	14	than	than	ADP
ar-22395	74	15	3	3	NUM
ar-22395	74	16	%	%	NOUN
ar-22395	74	17	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	74	18	the	the	DET
ar-22395	74	19	low­wage	low­wage	NOUN
ar-22395	74	20	workforce	workforce	NOUN
ar-22395	74	21	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	74	22	fairris	fairris	NOUN
ar-22395	74	23	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	74	24	reich	reich	PROPN
ar-22395	74	25	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	74	26	2005	2005	NUM
ar-22395	74	27	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	74	28	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	75	1	nonetheless	nonetheless	ADV
ar-22395	75	2	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	75	3	pollin	pollin	PROPN
ar-22395	75	4	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	75	5	luce	luce	PROPN
ar-22395	75	6	maintain	maintain	VERB
ar-22395	75	7	that	that	SCONJ
ar-22395	75	8	living	live	VERB
ar-22395	75	9	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	75	10	ordinances	ordinance	NOUN
ar-22395	75	11	benefit	benefit	VERB
ar-22395	75	12	low­wage	low­wage	NOUN
ar-22395	75	13	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	75	14	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	75	15	employers	employer	NOUN
ar-22395	75	16	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	75	17	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	75	18	society	society	NOUN
ar-22395	75	19	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	75	20	both	both	CCONJ
ar-22395	75	21	direct	direct	ADJ
ar-22395	75	22	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	75	23	indirect	indirect	ADJ
ar-22395	75	24	ways	way	NOUN
ar-22395	75	25	:	:	PUNCT
ar-22395	75	26	“	"	PUNCT
ar-22395	75	27	as	as	SCONJ
ar-22395	75	28	the	the	DET
ar-22395	75	29	low­wage	low­wage	NOUN
ar-22395	75	30	family	family	NOUN
ar-22395	75	31	comes	come	VERB
ar-22395	75	32	to	to	PART
ar-22395	75	33	rely	rely	VERB
ar-22395	75	34	far	far	ADV
ar-22395	75	35	less	less	ADV
ar-22395	75	36	on	on	ADP
ar-22395	75	37	government	government	NOUN
ar-22395	75	38	support	support	NOUN
ar-22395	75	39	to	to	PART
ar-22395	75	40	keep	keep	VERB
ar-22395	75	41	themselves	themselves	PRON
ar-22395	75	42	afloat	afloat	ADJ
ar-22395	75	43	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	75	44	the	the	DET
ar-22395	75	45	corollary	corollary	NOUN
ar-22395	75	46	is	be	AUX
ar-22395	75	47	that	that	SCONJ
ar-22395	75	48	the	the	DET
ar-22395	75	49	government	government	NOUN
ar-22395	75	50	spends	spend	VERB
ar-22395	75	51	correspondingly	correspondingly	ADV
ar-22395	75	52	less	less	ADV
ar-22395	75	53	to	to	PART
ar-22395	75	54	help	help	VERB
ar-22395	75	55	working	work	VERB
ar-22395	75	56	people	people	NOUN
ar-22395	75	57	survive	survive	VERB
ar-22395	75	58	the	the	DET
ar-22395	75	59	effects	effect	NOUN
ar-22395	75	60	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	75	61	earning	earn	VERB
ar-22395	75	62	sub­poverty	sub­poverty	NUM
ar-22395	75	63	wages	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	75	64	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	76	1	…	…	PUNCT
ar-22395	77	1	[	[	X
ar-22395	77	2	f]irms	f]irm	NOUN
ar-22395	77	3	employing	employ	VERB
ar-22395	77	4	a	a	DET
ar-22395	77	5	high	high	ADJ
ar-22395	77	6	concentration	concentration	NOUN
ar-22395	77	7	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	77	8	low­wage	low­wage	NOUN
ar-22395	77	9	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	77	10	will	will	AUX
ar-22395	77	11	themselves	themselves	PRON
ar-22395	77	12	benefit	benefit	VERB
ar-22395	77	13	through	through	ADP
ar-22395	77	14	establishing	establish	VERB
ar-22395	77	15	a	a	DET
ar-22395	77	16	living	live	VERB
ar-22395	77	17	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	77	18	standard	standard	NOUN
ar-22395	77	19	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	78	1	this	this	PRON
ar-22395	78	2	is	be	AUX
ar-22395	78	3	because	because	SCONJ
ar-22395	78	4	the	the	DET
ar-22395	78	5	raises	raise	NOUN
ar-22395	78	6	to	to	ADP
ar-22395	78	7	the	the	DET
ar-22395	78	8	low­wage	low­wage	NOUN
ar-22395	78	9	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	78	10	will	will	AUX
ar-22395	78	11	reduce	reduce	VERB
ar-22395	78	12	absenteeism	absenteeism	NOUN
ar-22395	78	13	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	78	14	turnover	turnover	NOUN
ar-22395	78	15	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	78	16	i.e.	i.e.	X
ar-22395	78	17	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	78	18	the	the	DET
ar-22395	78	19	rate	rate	NOUN
ar-22395	78	20	at	at	ADP
ar-22395	78	21	which	which	PRON
ar-22395	78	22	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	78	23	quit	quit	VERB
ar-22395	78	24	their	their	PRON
ar-22395	78	25	jobs	job	NOUN
ar-22395	78	26	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	78	27	firms	firm	NOUN
ar-22395	78	28	then	then	ADV
ar-22395	78	29	have	have	VERB
ar-22395	78	30	to	to	PART
ar-22395	78	31	replace	replace	VERB
ar-22395	78	32	them	they	PRON
ar-22395	78	33	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	78	34	pollin	pollin	NOUN
ar-22395	78	35	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	78	36	luce	luce	NOUN
ar-22395	78	37	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	78	38	1998	1998	NUM
ar-22395	78	39	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	78	40	20­21	20­21	NUM
ar-22395	78	41	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	78	42	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	78	43	”	"	PUNCT
ar-22395	79	1	evaluations	evaluation	NOUN
ar-22395	79	2	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	79	3	the	the	DET
ar-22395	79	4	effects	effect	NOUN
ar-22395	79	5	living­wage	living­wage	NOUN
ar-22395	79	6	ordinances	ordinance	NOUN
ar-22395	79	7	’	'	PUNCT
ar-22395	79	8	on	on	ADP
ar-22395	79	9	poverty	poverty	NOUN
ar-22395	79	10	levels	level	NOUN
ar-22395	79	11	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	79	12	employment	employment	NOUN
ar-22395	79	13	rates	rate	NOUN
ar-22395	79	14	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	79	15	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	79	16	employee	employee	NOUN
ar-22395	79	17	productivity	productivity	NOUN
ar-22395	79	18	show	show	VERB
ar-22395	79	19	mixed	mixed	ADJ
ar-22395	79	20	results	result	NOUN
ar-22395	79	21	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	80	1	while	while	SCONJ
ar-22395	80	2	reducing	reduce	VERB
ar-22395	80	3	the	the	DET
ar-22395	80	4	likelihood	likelihood	NOUN
ar-22395	80	5	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	80	6	families	family	NOUN
ar-22395	80	7	living	live	VERB
ar-22395	80	8	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	80	9	poverty	poverty	NOUN
ar-22395	80	10	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	80	11	neumark	neumark	NOUN
ar-22395	80	12	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	80	13	adams	adam	NOUN
ar-22395	80	14	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	80	15	‘	'	PUNCT
ar-22395	80	16	illegalized	illegalize	VERB
ar-22395	80	17	’	'	PUNCT
ar-22395	80	18	migrant	migrant	ADJ
ar-22395	80	19	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	80	20	|	|	ADV
ar-22395	80	21	115	115	NUM
ar-22395	80	22	2003	2003	NUM
ar-22395	80	23	;	;	PUNCT
ar-22395	80	24	schoenberger	schoenberger	PROPN
ar-22395	80	25	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	80	26	2000	2000	NUM
ar-22395	80	27	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	80	28	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	80	29	living­wage	living­wage	NOUN
ar-22395	80	30	ordinances	ordinance	NOUN
ar-22395	80	31	have	have	AUX
ar-22395	80	32	also	also	ADV
ar-22395	80	33	been	be	AUX
ar-22395	80	34	found	find	VERB
ar-22395	80	35	to	to	PART
ar-22395	80	36	reduce	reduce	VERB
ar-22395	80	37	employment	employment	NOUN
ar-22395	80	38	by	by	ADP
ar-22395	80	39	3.2	3.2	NUM
ar-22395	80	40	%	%	NOUN
ar-22395	80	41	to	to	PART
ar-22395	80	42	17	17	NUM
ar-22395	80	43	%	%	NOUN
ar-22395	80	44	depending	depend	VERB
ar-22395	80	45	on	on	ADP
ar-22395	80	46	the	the	DET
ar-22395	80	47	type	type	NOUN
ar-22395	80	48	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	80	49	ordinance	ordinance	NOUN
ar-22395	80	50	that	that	PRON
ar-22395	80	51	was	be	AUX
ar-22395	80	52	passed	pass	VERB
ar-22395	80	53	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	80	54	fairris	fairris	PROPN
ar-22395	80	55	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	80	56	2005	2005	NUM
ar-22395	80	57	;	;	PUNCT
ar-22395	80	58	neumark	neumark	NOUN
ar-22395	80	59	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	80	60	adams	adam	NOUN
ar-22395	80	61	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	80	62	2003	2003	NUM
ar-22395	80	63	;	;	PUNCT
ar-22395	80	64	yelowitz	yelowitz	NOUN
ar-22395	80	65	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	80	66	2005	2005	NUM
ar-22395	80	67	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	80	68	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	81	1	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	81	2	contrast	contrast	NOUN
ar-22395	81	3	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	81	4	reich	reich	PROPN
ar-22395	81	5	et	et	PROPN
ar-22395	81	6	al	al	PROPN
ar-22395	81	7	.	.	PROPN
ar-22395	82	1	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	82	2	2005	2005	NUM
ar-22395	82	3	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	82	4	found	find	VERB
ar-22395	82	5	employment	employment	NOUN
ar-22395	82	6	increased	increase	VERB
ar-22395	82	7	by	by	ADP
ar-22395	82	8	15.6	15.6	NUM
ar-22395	82	9	%	%	NOUN
ar-22395	82	10	after	after	SCONJ
ar-22395	82	11	the	the	DET
ar-22395	82	12	san	san	PROPN
ar-22395	82	13	francisco	francisco	PROPN
ar-22395	82	14	airport	airport	PROPN
ar-22395	82	15	’s	’s	PART
ar-22395	82	16	living	live	VERB
ar-22395	82	17	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	82	18	policy	policy	NOUN
ar-22395	82	19	was	be	AUX
ar-22395	82	20	passed	pass	VERB
ar-22395	82	21	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	83	1	similarly	similarly	ADV
ar-22395	83	2	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	83	3	lester	lester	PROPN
ar-22395	83	4	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	83	5	2011	2011	NUM
ar-22395	83	6	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	83	7	concluded	conclude	VERB
ar-22395	83	8	that	that	SCONJ
ar-22395	83	9	the	the	DET
ar-22395	83	10	implementation	implementation	NOUN
ar-22395	83	11	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	83	12	living	live	VERB
ar-22395	83	13	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	83	14	policies	policy	NOUN
ar-22395	83	15	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	83	16	19	19	NUM
ar-22395	83	17	california	california	PROPN
ar-22395	83	18	cities	city	NOUN
ar-22395	83	19	did	do	AUX
ar-22395	83	20	not	not	PART
ar-22395	83	21	adversely	adversely	ADV
ar-22395	83	22	impact	impact	VERB
ar-22395	83	23	employment	employment	NOUN
ar-22395	83	24	growth	growth	NOUN
ar-22395	83	25	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	84	1	employers	employer	NOUN
ar-22395	84	2	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	84	3	london	london	PROPN
ar-22395	84	4	were	be	AUX
ar-22395	84	5	also	also	ADV
ar-22395	84	6	found	find	VERB
ar-22395	84	7	to	to	PART
ar-22395	84	8	have	have	AUX
ar-22395	84	9	benefited	benefit	VERB
ar-22395	84	10	from	from	ADP
ar-22395	84	11	living	live	VERB
ar-22395	84	12	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	84	13	ordinances	ordinance	NOUN
ar-22395	84	14	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	84	15	with	with	ADP
ar-22395	84	16	reports	report	NOUN
ar-22395	84	17	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	84	18	higher	high	ADJ
ar-22395	84	19	work	work	NOUN
ar-22395	84	20	productivity	productivity	NOUN
ar-22395	84	21	associated	associate	VERB
ar-22395	84	22	with	with	ADP
ar-22395	84	23	paying	pay	VERB
ar-22395	84	24	living	live	VERB
ar-22395	84	25	wages	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	84	26	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	84	27	wills	will	NOUN
ar-22395	84	28	et	et	NOUN
ar-22395	84	29	al	al	PROPN
ar-22395	84	30	.	.	PROPN
ar-22395	84	31	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	84	32	2009a	2009a	NUM
ar-22395	84	33	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	84	34	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	85	1	similarly	similarly	ADV
ar-22395	85	2	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	85	3	living	live	VERB
ar-22395	85	4	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	85	5	firms	firm	NOUN
ar-22395	85	6	were	be	AUX
ar-22395	85	7	found	find	VERB
ar-22395	85	8	to	to	PART
ar-22395	85	9	have	have	VERB
ar-22395	85	10	lower	low	ADJ
ar-22395	85	11	rates	rate	NOUN
ar-22395	85	12	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	85	13	labour	labour	NOUN
ar-22395	85	14	turnover	turnover	NOUN
ar-22395	85	15	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	85	16	employee	employee	NOUN
ar-22395	85	17	absenteeism	absenteeism	NOUN
ar-22395	85	18	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	85	19	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	85	20	a	a	DET
ar-22395	85	21	higher	high	ADJ
ar-22395	85	22	morale	morale	NOUN
ar-22395	85	23	compared	compare	VERB
ar-22395	85	24	to	to	ADP
ar-22395	85	25	non­living	non­live	VERB
ar-22395	85	26	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	85	27	firms	firm	NOUN
ar-22395	85	28	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	85	29	the	the	DET
ar-22395	85	30	us	us	PROPN
ar-22395	85	31	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	85	32	brenner	brenner	NOUN
ar-22395	85	33	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	85	34	2005	2005	NUM
ar-22395	85	35	;	;	PUNCT
ar-22395	85	36	reich	reich	PROPN
ar-22395	85	37	et	et	PROPN
ar-22395	85	38	al	al	PROPN
ar-22395	85	39	.	.	PROPN
ar-22395	85	40	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	85	41	2005	2005	NUM
ar-22395	85	42	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	85	43	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	86	1	living	live	VERB
ar-22395	86	2	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	86	3	ordinances	ordinance	NOUN
ar-22395	86	4	have	have	AUX
ar-22395	86	5	made	make	VERB
ar-22395	86	6	it	it	PRON
ar-22395	86	7	easier	easy	ADJ
ar-22395	86	8	for	for	SCONJ
ar-22395	86	9	unions	union	NOUN
ar-22395	86	10	to	to	PART
ar-22395	86	11	organize	organize	VERB
ar-22395	86	12	low­wage	low­wage	NOUN
ar-22395	86	13	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	86	14	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	86	15	have	have	AUX
ar-22395	86	16	contributed	contribute	VERB
ar-22395	86	17	to	to	ADP
ar-22395	86	18	the	the	DET
ar-22395	86	19	development	development	NOUN
ar-22395	86	20	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	86	21	broad	broad	ADJ
ar-22395	86	22	labour	labour	NOUN
ar-22395	86	23	community	community	NOUN
ar-22395	86	24	coalitions	coalition	NOUN
ar-22395	86	25	that	that	PRON
ar-22395	86	26	promote	promote	VERB
ar-22395	86	27	labour	labour	ADJ
ar-22395	86	28	rights	right	NOUN
ar-22395	86	29	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	86	30	de	de	X
ar-22395	86	31	graauw	graauw	ADJ
ar-22395	86	32	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	86	33	2015	2015	NUM
ar-22395	86	34	;	;	PUNCT
ar-22395	86	35	hearn	hearn	NOUN
ar-22395	86	36	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	86	37	bergos	bergo	NOUN
ar-22395	86	38	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	86	39	2011	2011	NUM
ar-22395	86	40	;	;	PUNCT
ar-22395	86	41	luce	luce	PROPN
ar-22395	86	42	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	86	43	2004	2004	NUM
ar-22395	86	44	;	;	PUNCT
ar-22395	86	45	pastor	pastor	NOUN
ar-22395	86	46	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	86	47	2001	2001	NUM
ar-22395	86	48	;	;	PUNCT
ar-22395	86	49	tapia	tapia	PROPN
ar-22395	86	50	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	86	51	turner	turner	PROPN
ar-22395	86	52	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	86	53	2013	2013	NUM
ar-22395	86	54	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	86	55	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	87	1	nevertheless	nevertheless	ADV
ar-22395	87	2	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	87	3	living	live	VERB
ar-22395	87	4	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	87	5	campaigns	campaign	NOUN
ar-22395	87	6	continue	continue	VERB
ar-22395	87	7	to	to	PART
ar-22395	87	8	face	face	VERB
ar-22395	87	9	opposition	opposition	NOUN
ar-22395	87	10	from	from	ADP
ar-22395	87	11	business	business	NOUN
ar-22395	87	12	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	87	13	its	its	PRON
ar-22395	87	14	political	political	ADJ
ar-22395	87	15	allies	ally	NOUN
ar-22395	87	16	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	88	1	opponents	opponent	NOUN
ar-22395	88	2	argue	argue	VERB
ar-22395	88	3	that	that	SCONJ
ar-22395	88	4	an	an	DET
ar-22395	88	5	increase	increase	NOUN
ar-22395	88	6	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	88	7	wages	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	88	8	would	would	AUX
ar-22395	88	9	weaken	weaken	VERB
ar-22395	88	10	firms	firm	NOUN
ar-22395	88	11	with	with	ADP
ar-22395	88	12	a	a	DET
ar-22395	88	13	high	high	ADJ
ar-22395	88	14	proportion	proportion	NOUN
ar-22395	88	15	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	88	16	low­wage	low­wage	NOUN
ar-22395	88	17	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	88	18	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	88	19	although	although	SCONJ
ar-22395	88	20	studies	study	NOUN
ar-22395	88	21	suggest	suggest	VERB
ar-22395	88	22	that	that	SCONJ
ar-22395	88	23	cost	cost	NOUN
ar-22395	88	24	impacts	impact	NOUN
ar-22395	88	25	are	be	AUX
ar-22395	88	26	modest	modest	ADJ
ar-22395	88	27	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	88	28	lamman	lamman	NOUN
ar-22395	88	29	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	88	30	2014	2014	NUM
ar-22395	88	31	;	;	PUNCT
ar-22395	88	32	pollin	pollin	PROPN
ar-22395	88	33	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	88	34	2005	2005	NUM
ar-22395	88	35	;	;	PUNCT
ar-22395	88	36	schoenberger	schoenberger	NOUN
ar-22395	88	37	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	88	38	2000	2000	NUM
ar-22395	88	39	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	88	40	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	89	1	employers	employer	NOUN
ar-22395	89	2	have	have	AUX
ar-22395	89	3	also	also	ADV
ar-22395	89	4	retaliated	retaliate	VERB
ar-22395	89	5	against	against	ADP
ar-22395	89	6	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	89	7	who	who	PRON
ar-22395	89	8	have	have	AUX
ar-22395	89	9	been	be	AUX
ar-22395	89	10	part	part	NOUN
ar-22395	89	11	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	89	12	living	live	VERB
ar-22395	89	13	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	89	14	initiatives	initiative	NOUN
ar-22395	89	15	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	90	1	after	after	SCONJ
ar-22395	90	2	employees	employee	NOUN
ar-22395	90	3	unionized	unionize	VERB
ar-22395	90	4	as	as	ADP
ar-22395	90	5	a	a	DET
ar-22395	90	6	part	part	NOUN
ar-22395	90	7	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	90	8	the	the	DET
ar-22395	90	9	living	live	VERB
ar-22395	90	10	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	90	11	movement	movement	NOUN
ar-22395	90	12	for	for	ADP
ar-22395	90	13	example	example	NOUN
ar-22395	90	14	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	90	15	a	a	DET
ar-22395	90	16	uk	uk	PROPN
ar-22395	90	17	employer	employer	NOUN
ar-22395	90	18	reported	report	VERB
ar-22395	90	19	the	the	DET
ar-22395	90	20	presence	presence	NOUN
ar-22395	90	21	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	90	22	illegalized	illegalize	VERB
ar-22395	90	23	migrant	migrant	ADJ
ar-22395	90	24	staff	staff	NOUN
ar-22395	90	25	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	90	26	their	their	PRON
ar-22395	90	27	organization	organization	NOUN
ar-22395	90	28	to	to	ADP
ar-22395	90	29	uk	uk	PROPN
ar-22395	90	30	immigration	immigration	NOUN
ar-22395	90	31	authorities	authority	NOUN
ar-22395	90	32	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	90	33	who	who	PRON
ar-22395	90	34	then	then	ADV
ar-22395	90	35	conducted	conduct	VERB
ar-22395	90	36	a	a	DET
ar-22395	90	37	worksite	worksite	ADJ
ar-22395	90	38	raid	raid	NOUN
ar-22395	90	39	that	that	PRON
ar-22395	90	40	led	lead	VERB
ar-22395	90	41	to	to	ADP
ar-22395	90	42	their	their	PRON
ar-22395	90	43	arrest	arrest	NOUN
ar-22395	90	44	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	90	45	deportation	deportation	NOUN
ar-22395	90	46	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	90	47	hearn	hearn	NOUN
ar-22395	90	48	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	90	49	bergos	bergo	NOUN
ar-22395	90	50	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	90	51	2011	2011	NUM
ar-22395	90	52	;	;	PUNCT
ar-22395	90	53	ivereigh	ivereigh	NOUN
ar-22395	90	54	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	90	55	2009	2009	NUM
ar-22395	90	56	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	90	57	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	91	1	employers	employer	NOUN
ar-22395	91	2	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	91	3	the	the	DET
ar-22395	91	4	us	us	PROPN
ar-22395	91	5	have	have	AUX
ar-22395	91	6	similarly	similarly	ADV
ar-22395	91	7	reported	report	VERB
ar-22395	91	8	illegalized	illegalize	VERB
ar-22395	91	9	migrant	migrant	ADJ
ar-22395	91	10	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	91	11	to	to	ADP
ar-22395	91	12	immigration	immigration	NOUN
ar-22395	91	13	authorities	authority	NOUN
ar-22395	91	14	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	91	15	after	after	ADP
ar-22395	91	16	learning	learn	VERB
ar-22395	91	17	about	about	ADP
ar-22395	91	18	their	their	PRON
ar-22395	91	19	attempts	attempt	NOUN
ar-22395	91	20	to	to	PART
ar-22395	91	21	:	:	PUNCT
ar-22395	91	22	fight	fight	VERB
ar-22395	91	23	for	for	ADP
ar-22395	91	24	unpaid	unpaid	ADJ
ar-22395	91	25	wages	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	91	26	;	;	PUNCT
ar-22395	91	27	report	report	VERB
ar-22395	91	28	labour	labour	NOUN
ar-22395	91	29	violations	violation	NOUN
ar-22395	91	30	;	;	PUNCT
ar-22395	91	31	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	91	32	participate	participate	VERB
ar-22395	91	33	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	91	34	unionizing	unionize	VERB
ar-22395	91	35	drives	drive	NOUN
ar-22395	91	36	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	91	37	harris	harris	PROPN
ar-22395	91	38	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	91	39	2013	2013	NUM
ar-22395	91	40	;	;	PUNCT
ar-22395	91	41	smith	smith	PROPN
ar-22395	91	42	et	et	PROPN
ar-22395	91	43	al	al	PROPN
ar-22395	91	44	.	.	PROPN
ar-22395	91	45	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	91	46	2009	2009	NUM
ar-22395	91	47	;	;	PUNCT
ar-22395	91	48	smith	smith	PROPN
ar-22395	91	49	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	91	50	cho	cho	PROPN
ar-22395	91	51	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	91	52	2013	2013	NUM
ar-22395	91	53	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	91	54	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	92	1	despite	despite	SCONJ
ar-22395	92	2	resistance	resistance	NOUN
ar-22395	92	3	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	92	4	retaliation	retaliation	NOUN
ar-22395	92	5	efforts	effort	NOUN
ar-22395	92	6	from	from	ADP
ar-22395	92	7	living	live	VERB
ar-22395	92	8	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	92	9	opponents	opponent	NOUN
ar-22395	92	10	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	92	11	public	public	ADJ
ar-22395	92	12	support	support	NOUN
ar-22395	92	13	for	for	ADP
ar-22395	92	14	living	live	VERB
ar-22395	92	15	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	92	16	campaigns	campaign	NOUN
ar-22395	92	17	is	be	AUX
ar-22395	92	18	strong	strong	ADJ
ar-22395	92	19	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	92	20	with	with	ADP
ar-22395	92	21	local	local	ADJ
ar-22395	92	22	campaigns	campaign	NOUN
ar-22395	92	23	emerging	emerge	VERB
ar-22395	92	24	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	92	25	cities	city	NOUN
ar-22395	92	26	across	across	ADP
ar-22395	92	27	north	north	PROPN
ar-22395	92	28	america	america	PROPN
ar-22395	92	29	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	92	30	including	include	VERB
ar-22395	92	31	toronto	toronto	PROPN
ar-22395	92	32	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	92	33	ccpa	ccpa	NOUN
ar-22395	92	34	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	92	35	2015	2015	NUM
ar-22395	92	36	;	;	PUNCT
ar-22395	92	37	living	live	VERB
ar-22395	92	38	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	92	39	canada	canada	PROPN
ar-22395	92	40	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	92	41	2013	2013	NUM
ar-22395	92	42	;	;	PUNCT
ar-22395	92	43	living	live	VERB
ar-22395	92	44	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	92	45	canada	canada	PROPN
ar-22395	92	46	:	:	PUNCT
ar-22395	92	47	ontario	ontario	PROPN
ar-22395	92	48	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	92	49	2013	2013	NUM
ar-22395	92	50	;	;	PUNCT
ar-22395	92	51	luce	luce	NOUN
ar-22395	92	52	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	92	53	2005	2005	NUM
ar-22395	92	54	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	92	55	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	93	1	116	116	NUM
ar-22395	93	2	|	|	ADV
ar-22395	93	3	precarious	precarious	ADJ
ar-22395	93	4	work	work	NOUN
ar-22395	93	5	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	93	6	the	the	DET
ar-22395	93	7	struggle	struggle	NOUN
ar-22395	93	8	for	for	ADP
ar-22395	93	9	living	live	VERB
ar-22395	93	10	wages	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	93	11	living	live	VERB
ar-22395	93	12	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	93	13	advocacy	advocacy	NOUN
ar-22395	93	14	efforts	effort	NOUN
ar-22395	93	15	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	93	16	illegalized	illegalize	VERB
ar-22395	93	17	migrants	migrant	NOUN
ar-22395	93	18	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	93	19	the	the	DET
ar-22395	93	20	us	us	PROPN
ar-22395	93	21	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	93	22	uk	uk	PROPN
ar-22395	93	23	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	93	24	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	93	25	canada	canada	PROPN
ar-22395	93	26	campaigners	campaigner	NOUN
ar-22395	93	27	have	have	AUX
ar-22395	93	28	applied	apply	VERB
ar-22395	93	29	a	a	DET
ar-22395	93	30	variety	variety	NOUN
ar-22395	93	31	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	93	32	strategies	strategy	NOUN
ar-22395	93	33	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	93	34	tactics	tactic	NOUN
ar-22395	93	35	to	to	PART
ar-22395	93	36	counter	counter	VERB
ar-22395	93	37	resistance	resistance	NOUN
ar-22395	93	38	from	from	ADP
ar-22395	93	39	living	live	VERB
ar-22395	93	40	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	93	41	opponents	opponent	NOUN
ar-22395	93	42	including	include	VERB
ar-22395	93	43	:	:	PUNCT
ar-22395	93	44	taking	take	VERB
ar-22395	93	45	advantage	advantage	NOUN
ar-22395	93	46	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	93	47	political	political	ADJ
ar-22395	93	48	opportunity	opportunity	NOUN
ar-22395	93	49	structures	structure	NOUN
ar-22395	93	50	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	93	51	helping	help	VERB
ar-22395	93	52	to	to	PART
ar-22395	93	53	frame	frame	VERB
ar-22395	93	54	public	public	ADJ
ar-22395	93	55	policy	policy	NOUN
ar-22395	93	56	debate	debate	NOUN
ar-22395	93	57	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	93	58	multi­racial	multi­racial	ADJ
ar-22395	93	59	coalition	coalition	NOUN
ar-22395	93	60	building	building	NOUN
ar-22395	93	61	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	93	62	union	union	NOUN
ar-22395	93	63	organizing	organizing	NOUN
ar-22395	93	64	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	93	65	grassroots	grassroot	NOUN
ar-22395	93	66	actions	action	NOUN
ar-22395	93	67	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	93	68	engaging	engage	VERB
ar-22395	93	69	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	93	70	research	research	NOUN
ar-22395	93	71	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	93	72	evaluation	evaluation	NOUN
ar-22395	93	73	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	93	74	evidence	evidence	NOUN
ar-22395	93	75	collection	collection	NOUN
ar-22395	93	76	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	93	77	educating	educate	VERB
ar-22395	93	78	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	93	79	about	about	ADP
ar-22395	93	80	their	their	PRON
ar-22395	93	81	rights	right	NOUN
ar-22395	93	82	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	93	83	campaigning	campaign	VERB
ar-22395	93	84	around	around	ADP
ar-22395	93	85	regularization	regularization	NOUN
ar-22395	93	86	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	93	87	illegalized	illegalize	VERB
ar-22395	93	88	migrant	migrant	ADJ
ar-22395	93	89	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	93	90	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	93	91	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	93	92	other	other	ADJ
ar-22395	93	93	forms	form	NOUN
ar-22395	93	94	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	93	95	activism	activism	NOUN
ar-22395	93	96	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	93	97	de	de	X
ar-22395	93	98	graauw	graauw	ADJ
ar-22395	93	99	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	93	100	2015	2015	NUM
ar-22395	93	101	;	;	PUNCT
ar-22395	93	102	lopes	lope	NOUN
ar-22395	93	103	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	93	104	hall	hall	PROPN
ar-22395	93	105	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	93	106	2015	2015	NUM
ar-22395	93	107	;	;	PUNCT
ar-22395	93	108	luce	luce	PROPN
ar-22395	93	109	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	93	110	2005	2005	NUM
ar-22395	93	111	;	;	PUNCT
ar-22395	93	112	pastor	pastor	NOUN
ar-22395	93	113	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	93	114	2001	2001	NUM
ar-22395	93	115	;	;	PUNCT
ar-22395	93	116	reynolds	reynold	NOUN
ar-22395	93	117	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	93	118	2001	2001	NUM
ar-22395	93	119	;	;	PUNCT
ar-22395	93	120	wills	will	NOUN
ar-22395	93	121	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	93	122	2008	2008	NUM
ar-22395	93	123	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	93	124	wills	will	VERB
ar-22395	93	125	et	et	NOUN
ar-22395	93	126	al	al	PROPN
ar-22395	93	127	.	.	PROPN
ar-22395	93	128	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	93	129	2009b	2009b	NUM
ar-22395	93	130	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	93	131	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	94	1	as	as	ADP
ar-22395	94	2	a	a	DET
ar-22395	94	3	result	result	NOUN
ar-22395	94	4	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	94	5	these	these	DET
ar-22395	94	6	strategies	strategy	NOUN
ar-22395	94	7	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	94	8	many	many	ADJ
ar-22395	94	9	cities	city	NOUN
ar-22395	94	10	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	94	11	employers	employer	NOUN
ar-22395	94	12	have	have	AUX
ar-22395	94	13	adopted	adopt	VERB
ar-22395	94	14	voluntary	voluntary	ADJ
ar-22395	94	15	or	or	CCONJ
ar-22395	94	16	mandatory	mandatory	ADJ
ar-22395	94	17	living	living	NOUN
ar-22395	94	18	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	94	19	policies	policy	NOUN
ar-22395	94	20	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	95	1	while	while	SCONJ
ar-22395	95	2	these	these	DET
ar-22395	95	3	responses	response	NOUN
ar-22395	95	4	have	have	AUX
ar-22395	95	5	benefited	benefit	VERB
ar-22395	95	6	many	many	ADJ
ar-22395	95	7	low­wage	low­wage	NOUN
ar-22395	95	8	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	95	9	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	95	10	some	some	DET
ar-22395	95	11	employers	employer	NOUN
ar-22395	95	12	have	have	AUX
ar-22395	95	13	retaliated	retaliate	VERB
ar-22395	95	14	against	against	ADP
ar-22395	95	15	illegalized	illegalize	VERB
ar-22395	95	16	migrant	migrant	ADJ
ar-22395	95	17	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	95	18	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	96	1	such	such	ADJ
ar-22395	96	2	incidents	incident	NOUN
ar-22395	96	3	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	96	4	the	the	DET
ar-22395	96	5	us	us	PROPN
ar-22395	96	6	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	96	7	the	the	DET
ar-22395	96	8	uk	uk	PROPN
ar-22395	96	9	can	can	AUX
ar-22395	96	10	provide	provide	VERB
ar-22395	96	11	important	important	ADJ
ar-22395	96	12	lessons	lesson	NOUN
ar-22395	96	13	for	for	ADP
ar-22395	96	14	toronto	toronto	PROPN
ar-22395	96	15	’s	’s	PART
ar-22395	96	16	living	live	VERB
ar-22395	96	17	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	96	18	campaign	campaign	NOUN
ar-22395	96	19	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	97	1	a	a	DET
ar-22395	97	2	growing	grow	VERB
ar-22395	97	3	number	number	NOUN
ar-22395	97	4	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	97	5	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	97	6	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	97	7	the	the	DET
ar-22395	97	8	us	us	PROPN
ar-22395	97	9	are	be	AUX
ar-22395	97	10	earning	earn	VERB
ar-22395	97	11	sub­poverty	sub­poverty	NUM
ar-22395	97	12	level	level	NOUN
ar-22395	97	13	wages	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	97	14	due	due	ADP
ar-22395	97	15	to	to	ADP
ar-22395	97	16	the	the	DET
ar-22395	97	17	growth	growth	NOUN
ar-22395	97	18	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	97	19	the	the	DET
ar-22395	97	20	informal	informal	ADJ
ar-22395	97	21	economy	economy	NOUN
ar-22395	97	22	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	98	1	profit­maximizing	profit­maximize	VERB
ar-22395	98	2	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	98	3	subcontracting	subcontracting	NOUN
ar-22395	98	4	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	98	5	sweatshop	sweatshop	NOUN
ar-22395	98	6	work	work	NOUN
ar-22395	98	7	have	have	AUX
ar-22395	98	8	resulted	result	VERB
ar-22395	98	9	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	98	10	greater	great	ADJ
ar-22395	98	11	earnings	earning	NOUN
ar-22395	98	12	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	98	13	occupation	occupation	NOUN
ar-22395	98	14	dispersions	dispersion	NOUN
ar-22395	98	15	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	98	16	weak	weak	ADJ
ar-22395	98	17	unions	union	NOUN
ar-22395	98	18	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	98	19	a	a	DET
ar-22395	98	20	growing	grow	VERB
ar-22395	98	21	share	share	NOUN
ar-22395	98	22	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	98	23	casualized	casualize	VERB
ar-22395	98	24	low­wage	low­wage	NOUN
ar-22395	98	25	jobs	job	NOUN
ar-22395	98	26	along	along	ADP
ar-22395	98	27	with	with	ADP
ar-22395	98	28	a	a	DET
ar-22395	98	29	narrower	narrow	ADJ
ar-22395	98	30	layer	layer	NOUN
ar-22395	98	31	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	98	32	high­income	high­income	NOUN
ar-22395	98	33	jobs	job	NOUN
ar-22395	98	34	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	98	35	cities	city	NOUN
ar-22395	98	36	across	across	ADP
ar-22395	98	37	the	the	DET
ar-22395	98	38	us	us	PROPN
ar-22395	98	39	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	98	40	nelp	nelp	PROPN
ar-22395	98	41	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	98	42	2011	2011	NUM
ar-22395	98	43	;	;	PUNCT
ar-22395	98	44	peck	peck	VERB
ar-22395	98	45	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	98	46	theodore	theodore	NOUN
ar-22395	98	47	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	98	48	2001	2001	NUM
ar-22395	98	49	;	;	PUNCT
ar-22395	98	50	pollin	pollin	NOUN
ar-22395	98	51	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	98	52	luce	luce	NOUN
ar-22395	98	53	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	98	54	1998	1998	NUM
ar-22395	98	55	;	;	PUNCT
ar-22395	98	56	sassen	sassen	VERB
ar-22395	98	57	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	98	58	2006	2006	NUM
ar-22395	98	59	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	98	60	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	99	1	while	while	SCONJ
ar-22395	99	2	many	many	ADJ
ar-22395	99	3	low­wage	low­wage	NOUN
ar-22395	99	4	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	99	5	have	have	AUX
ar-22395	99	6	been	be	AUX
ar-22395	99	7	affected	affect	VERB
ar-22395	99	8	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	99	9	illegalized	illegalize	VERB
ar-22395	99	10	migrants	migrant	NOUN
ar-22395	99	11	have	have	AUX
ar-22395	99	12	been	be	AUX
ar-22395	99	13	disproportionately	disproportionately	ADV
ar-22395	99	14	pushed	push	VERB
ar-22395	99	15	into	into	ADP
ar-22395	99	16	poverty	poverty	NOUN
ar-22395	99	17	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	100	1	they	they	PRON
ar-22395	100	2	often	often	ADV
ar-22395	100	3	experience	experience	VERB
ar-22395	100	4	violations	violation	NOUN
ar-22395	100	5	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	100	6	basic	basic	ADJ
ar-22395	100	7	employment	employment	NOUN
ar-22395	100	8	standards	standard	NOUN
ar-22395	100	9	rights	right	NOUN
ar-22395	100	10	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	100	11	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	100	12	retaliation	retaliation	NOUN
ar-22395	100	13	by	by	ADP
ar-22395	100	14	employers	employer	NOUN
ar-22395	100	15	after	after	ADP
ar-22395	100	16	attempts	attempt	NOUN
ar-22395	100	17	to	to	PART
ar-22395	100	18	defend	defend	VERB
ar-22395	100	19	themselves	themselves	PRON
ar-22395	100	20	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	100	21	bernhardt	bernhardt	PROPN
ar-22395	100	22	et	et	PROPN
ar-22395	100	23	al	al	PROPN
ar-22395	100	24	.	.	PROPN
ar-22395	100	25	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	100	26	2009	2009	NUM
ar-22395	100	27	;	;	PUNCT
ar-22395	100	28	sassen	sassen	VERB
ar-22395	100	29	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	100	30	1998	1998	NUM
ar-22395	100	31	;	;	PUNCT
ar-22395	100	32	smith	smith	PROPN
ar-22395	100	33	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	100	34	cho	cho	PROPN
ar-22395	100	35	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	100	36	2013	2013	NUM
ar-22395	100	37	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	100	38	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	101	1	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	101	2	response	response	NOUN
ar-22395	101	3	to	to	ADP
ar-22395	101	4	the	the	DET
ar-22395	101	5	rise	rise	NOUN
ar-22395	101	6	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	101	7	low	low	ADJ
ar-22395	101	8	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	101	9	work	work	NOUN
ar-22395	101	10	over	over	ADP
ar-22395	101	11	100	100	NUM
ar-22395	101	12	us	us	PROPN
ar-22395	101	13	municipalities	municipality	NOUN
ar-22395	101	14	had	have	AUX
ar-22395	101	15	passed	pass	VERB
ar-22395	101	16	living	living	NOUN
ar-22395	101	17	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	101	18	ordinances	ordinance	NOUN
ar-22395	101	19	by	by	ADP
ar-22395	101	20	the	the	DET
ar-22395	101	21	early	early	ADJ
ar-22395	101	22	2000s	2000s	NUM
ar-22395	101	23	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	101	24	freeman	freeman	NOUN
ar-22395	101	25	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	101	26	2005	2005	NUM
ar-22395	101	27	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	101	28	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	102	1	leading	lead	VERB
ar-22395	102	2	up	up	ADP
ar-22395	102	3	to	to	ADP
ar-22395	102	4	the	the	DET
ar-22395	102	5	first	first	ADJ
ar-22395	102	6	living	living	NOUN
ar-22395	102	7	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	102	8	ordinance	ordinance	NOUN
ar-22395	102	9	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	102	10	the	the	DET
ar-22395	102	11	us	us	PROPN
ar-22395	102	12	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	102	13	the	the	DET
ar-22395	102	14	first	first	ADJ
ar-22395	102	15	living	live	VERB
ar-22395	102	16	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	102	17	campaign	campaign	NOUN
ar-22395	102	18	was	be	AUX
ar-22395	102	19	initiated	initiate	VERB
ar-22395	102	20	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	102	21	the	the	DET
ar-22395	102	22	early	early	ADJ
ar-22395	102	23	1990s	1990s	NUM
ar-22395	102	24	by	by	ADP
ar-22395	102	25	a	a	DET
ar-22395	102	26	group	group	NOUN
ar-22395	102	27	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	102	28	pastors	pastor	NOUN
ar-22395	102	29	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	102	30	baltimore	baltimore	PROPN
ar-22395	102	31	who	who	PRON
ar-22395	102	32	became	become	VERB
ar-22395	102	33	concerned	concerned	ADJ
ar-22395	102	34	about	about	ADP
ar-22395	102	35	the	the	DET
ar-22395	102	36	increase	increase	NOUN
ar-22395	102	37	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	102	38	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	102	39	using	use	VERB
ar-22395	102	40	their	their	PRON
ar-22395	102	41	soup	soup	NOUN
ar-22395	102	42	kitchen	kitchen	NOUN
ar-22395	102	43	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	103	1	as	as	ADP
ar-22395	103	2	members	member	NOUN
ar-22395	103	3	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	103	4	the	the	DET
ar-22395	103	5	industrial	industrial	ADJ
ar-22395	103	6	areas	area	NOUN
ar-22395	103	7	foundation	foundation	PROPN
ar-22395	103	8	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	103	9	aif	aif	PROPN
ar-22395	103	10	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	103	11	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	103	12	the	the	DET
ar-22395	103	13	pastors	pastor	NOUN
ar-22395	103	14	joined	join	VERB
ar-22395	103	15	the	the	DET
ar-22395	103	16	american	american	PROPN
ar-22395	103	17	federation	federation	PROPN
ar-22395	103	18	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	103	19	state	state	PROPN
ar-22395	103	20	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	103	21	county	county	NOUN
ar-22395	103	22	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	103	23	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	103	24	municipal	municipal	ADJ
ar-22395	103	25	employees	employee	NOUN
ar-22395	103	26	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	103	27	afscme	afscme	PROPN
ar-22395	103	28	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	103	29	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	103	30	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	103	31	the	the	DET
ar-22395	103	32	baltimoreans	baltimoreans	PROPN
ar-22395	103	33	united	unite	VERB
ar-22395	103	34	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	103	35	leadership	leadership	NOUN
ar-22395	103	36	development	development	NOUN
ar-22395	103	37	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	103	38	build	build	PROPN
ar-22395	103	39	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	103	40	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	103	41	a	a	DET
ar-22395	103	42	coalition	coalition	NOUN
ar-22395	103	43	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	103	44	worker	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	103	45	centres	centre	NOUN
ar-22395	103	46	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	103	47	to	to	PART
ar-22395	103	48	form	form	VERB
ar-22395	103	49	the	the	DET
ar-22395	103	50	local	local	ADJ
ar-22395	103	51	living­wage	living­wage	NOUN
ar-22395	103	52	campaign	campaign	NOUN
ar-22395	103	53	to	to	PART
ar-22395	103	54	pressure	pressure	VERB
ar-22395	103	55	the	the	DET
ar-22395	103	56	mayor	mayor	NOUN
ar-22395	103	57	for	for	ADP
ar-22395	103	58	a	a	DET
ar-22395	103	59	resolution	resolution	NOUN
ar-22395	103	60	to	to	ADP
ar-22395	103	61	the	the	DET
ar-22395	103	62	increasing	increase	VERB
ar-22395	103	63	number	number	NOUN
ar-22395	103	64	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	103	65	impoverished	impoverished	ADJ
ar-22395	103	66	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	103	67	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	103	68	devinatz	devinatz	NOUN
ar-22395	103	69	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	103	70	2013	2013	NUM
ar-22395	103	71	;	;	PUNCT
ar-22395	103	72	pollin	pollin	NOUN
ar-22395	103	73	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	103	74	luce	luce	NOUN
ar-22395	103	75	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	103	76	1998	1998	NUM
ar-22395	103	77	;	;	PUNCT
ar-22395	103	78	reynolds	reynold	NOUN
ar-22395	103	79	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	103	80	2001	2001	NUM
ar-22395	103	81	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	103	82	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	104	1	after	after	ADP
ar-22395	104	2	facing	face	VERB
ar-22395	104	3	strong	strong	ADJ
ar-22395	104	4	opposition	opposition	NOUN
ar-22395	104	5	from	from	ADP
ar-22395	104	6	the	the	DET
ar-22395	104	7	business	business	NOUN
ar-22395	104	8	community	community	NOUN
ar-22395	104	9	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	104	10	the	the	DET
ar-22395	104	11	city	city	NOUN
ar-22395	104	12	passed	pass	VERB
ar-22395	104	13	the	the	DET
ar-22395	104	14	country	country	NOUN
ar-22395	104	15	’s	’s	PART
ar-22395	104	16	first	first	ADJ
ar-22395	104	17	municipal	municipal	ADJ
ar-22395	104	18	living	living	NOUN
ar-22395	104	19	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	104	20	ordinance	ordinance	NOUN
ar-22395	104	21	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	104	22	1994	1994	NUM
ar-22395	104	23	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	104	24	pollin	pollin	NOUN
ar-22395	104	25	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	104	26	luce	luce	NOUN
ar-22395	104	27	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	104	28	1998	1998	NUM
ar-22395	104	29	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	104	30	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	105	1	soon	soon	ADV
ar-22395	105	2	thereafter	thereafter	ADV
ar-22395	105	3	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	105	4	religious	religious	ADJ
ar-22395	105	5	‘	'	PUNCT
ar-22395	105	6	illegalized	illegalized	ADJ
ar-22395	105	7	’	'	PUNCT
ar-22395	105	8	migrant	migrant	ADJ
ar-22395	105	9	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	105	10	|	|	ADV
ar-22395	105	11	117	117	NUM
ar-22395	105	12	organizations	organization	NOUN
ar-22395	105	13	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	105	14	community	community	NOUN
ar-22395	105	15	groups	group	NOUN
ar-22395	105	16	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	105	17	labour	labour	ADJ
ar-22395	105	18	unions	union	NOUN
ar-22395	105	19	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	105	20	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	105	21	student	student	NOUN
ar-22395	105	22	associations	association	NOUN
ar-22395	105	23	joined	join	VERB
ar-22395	105	24	the	the	DET
ar-22395	105	25	iaf	iaf	PROPN
ar-22395	105	26	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	105	27	afscme	afscme	PROPN
ar-22395	105	28	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	105	29	other	other	ADJ
ar-22395	105	30	political	political	ADJ
ar-22395	105	31	actors	actor	NOUN
ar-22395	105	32	to	to	PART
ar-22395	105	33	initiate	initiate	VERB
ar-22395	105	34	living	live	VERB
ar-22395	105	35	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	105	36	campaigns	campaign	NOUN
ar-22395	105	37	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	105	38	other	other	ADJ
ar-22395	105	39	us	us	PROPN
ar-22395	105	40	cities	city	NOUN
ar-22395	105	41	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	105	42	devinatz	devinatz	NOUN
ar-22395	105	43	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	105	44	2013	2013	NUM
ar-22395	105	45	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	105	46	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	106	1	as	as	ADP
ar-22395	106	2	a	a	DET
ar-22395	106	3	result	result	NOUN
ar-22395	106	4	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	106	5	living	live	VERB
ar-22395	106	6	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	106	7	regulations	regulation	NOUN
ar-22395	106	8	were	be	AUX
ar-22395	106	9	adopted	adopt	VERB
ar-22395	106	10	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	106	11	new	new	PROPN
ar-22395	106	12	york	york	PROPN
ar-22395	106	13	city	city	PROPN
ar-22395	106	14	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	106	15	santa	santa	PROPN
ar-22395	106	16	clara	clara	PROPN
ar-22395	106	17	county	county	PROPN
ar-22395	106	18	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	106	19	milwaukee	milwaukee	PROPN
ar-22395	106	20	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	106	21	jersey	jersey	PROPN
ar-22395	106	22	city	city	PROPN
ar-22395	106	23	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	106	24	los	los	PROPN
ar-22395	106	25	angeles	angeles	PROPN
ar-22395	106	26	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	106	27	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	106	28	numerous	numerous	ADJ
ar-22395	106	29	other	other	ADJ
ar-22395	106	30	cities	city	NOUN
ar-22395	106	31	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	106	32	the	the	DET
ar-22395	106	33	late	late	ADJ
ar-22395	106	34	1990s	1990	NOUN
ar-22395	106	35	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	107	1	living­wage	living­wage	NOUN
ar-22395	107	2	campaigns	campaign	NOUN
ar-22395	107	3	also	also	ADV
ar-22395	107	4	sprung	spring	VERB
ar-22395	107	5	up	up	ADP
ar-22395	107	6	at	at	ADP
ar-22395	107	7	colleges	college	NOUN
ar-22395	107	8	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	107	9	universities	university	NOUN
ar-22395	107	10	across	across	ADP
ar-22395	107	11	the	the	DET
ar-22395	107	12	us	us	PROPN
ar-22395	107	13	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	107	14	including	include	VERB
ar-22395	107	15	harvard	harvard	PROPN
ar-22395	107	16	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	107	17	wesleyan	wesleyan	PROPN
ar-22395	107	18	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	107	19	john	john	PROPN
ar-22395	107	20	hopkins	hopkins	PROPN
ar-22395	107	21	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	107	22	brown	brown	ADJ
ar-22395	107	23	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	107	24	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	107	25	the	the	DET
ar-22395	107	26	university	university	NOUN
ar-22395	107	27	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	107	28	virginia	virginia	PROPN
ar-22395	107	29	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	108	1	living	live	VERB
ar-22395	108	2	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	108	3	campaigns	campaign	NOUN
ar-22395	108	4	applied	apply	VERB
ar-22395	108	5	a	a	DET
ar-22395	108	6	range	range	NOUN
ar-22395	108	7	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	108	8	strategies	strategy	NOUN
ar-22395	108	9	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	108	10	tactics	tactic	NOUN
ar-22395	108	11	to	to	PART
ar-22395	108	12	persuade	persuade	VERB
ar-22395	108	13	city	city	NOUN
ar-22395	108	14	authorities	authority	NOUN
ar-22395	108	15	to	to	PART
ar-22395	108	16	pass	pass	VERB
ar-22395	108	17	living­	living­	ADJ
ar-22395	108	18	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	108	19	ordinances	ordinance	NOUN
ar-22395	108	20	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	108	21	for	for	SCONJ
ar-22395	108	22	employers	employer	NOUN
ar-22395	108	23	to	to	PART
ar-22395	108	24	adopt	adopt	VERB
ar-22395	108	25	living	live	VERB
ar-22395	108	26	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	108	27	policies	policy	NOUN
ar-22395	108	28	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	109	1	the	the	DET
ar-22395	109	2	los	los	PROPN
ar-22395	109	3	angeles	angeles	PROPN
ar-22395	109	4	living­wage	living­wage	NOUN
ar-22395	109	5	campaign	campaign	NOUN
ar-22395	109	6	was	be	AUX
ar-22395	109	7	linked	link	VERB
ar-22395	109	8	to	to	ADP
ar-22395	109	9	a	a	DET
ar-22395	109	10	broader	broad	ADJ
ar-22395	109	11	process	process	NOUN
ar-22395	109	12	to	to	PART
ar-22395	109	13	save	save	VERB
ar-22395	109	14	hundreds	hundred	NOUN
ar-22395	109	15	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	109	16	jobs	job	NOUN
ar-22395	109	17	at	at	ADP
ar-22395	109	18	the	the	DET
ar-22395	109	19	airport	airport	NOUN
ar-22395	109	20	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	109	21	to	to	PART
ar-22395	109	22	organize	organize	VERB
ar-22395	109	23	30,000	30,000	NUM
ar-22395	109	24	non­	non­	NOUN
ar-22395	109	25	union	union	PROPN
ar-22395	109	26	airport	airport	NOUN
ar-22395	109	27	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	109	28	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	110	1	led	lead	VERB
ar-22395	110	2	by	by	ADP
ar-22395	110	3	the	the	DET
ar-22395	110	4	los	los	PROPN
ar-22395	110	5	angeles	angeles	PROPN
ar-22395	110	6	alliance	alliance	NOUN
ar-22395	110	7	for	for	ADP
ar-22395	110	8	a	a	DET
ar-22395	110	9	new	new	ADJ
ar-22395	110	10	economy	economy	NOUN
ar-22395	110	11	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	110	12	laane	laane	NOUN
ar-22395	110	13	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	110	14	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	110	15	the	the	DET
ar-22395	110	16	los	los	PROPN
ar-22395	110	17	angeles	angeles	PROPN
ar-22395	110	18	living	living	NOUN
ar-22395	110	19	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	110	20	campaign	campaign	NOUN
ar-22395	110	21	applied	apply	VERB
ar-22395	110	22	multiple	multiple	ADJ
ar-22395	110	23	strategies	strategy	NOUN
ar-22395	110	24	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	110	25	tactics	tactic	NOUN
ar-22395	110	26	before	before	ADP
ar-22395	110	27	winning	win	VERB
ar-22395	110	28	an	an	DET
ar-22395	110	29	18­month	18­month	NUM
ar-22395	110	30	battle	battle	NOUN
ar-22395	110	31	with	with	ADP
ar-22395	110	32	city	city	NOUN
ar-22395	110	33	council	council	PROPN
ar-22395	110	34	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	110	35	1997	1997	NUM
ar-22395	110	36	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	110	37	reynolds	reynold	NOUN
ar-22395	110	38	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	110	39	2001	2001	NUM
ar-22395	110	40	;	;	PUNCT
ar-22395	110	41	saito	saito	PROPN
ar-22395	110	42	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	110	43	truong	truong	PROPN
ar-22395	110	44	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	110	45	2014	2014	NUM
ar-22395	110	46	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	110	47	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	111	1	to	to	PART
ar-22395	111	2	win	win	VERB
ar-22395	111	3	over	over	ADP
ar-22395	111	4	a	a	DET
ar-22395	111	5	city	city	NOUN
ar-22395	111	6	council	council	NOUN
ar-22395	111	7	that	that	PRON
ar-22395	111	8	was	be	AUX
ar-22395	111	9	led	lead	VERB
ar-22395	111	10	by	by	ADP
ar-22395	111	11	an	an	DET
ar-22395	111	12	unsupportive	unsupportive	ADJ
ar-22395	111	13	mayor	mayor	NOUN
ar-22395	111	14	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	111	15	laane	laane	NOUN
ar-22395	111	16	led	lead	VERB
ar-22395	111	17	the	the	DET
ar-22395	111	18	living	live	VERB
ar-22395	111	19	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	111	20	initiative	initiative	NOUN
ar-22395	111	21	with	with	ADP
ar-22395	111	22	the	the	DET
ar-22395	111	23	goal	goal	NOUN
ar-22395	111	24	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	111	25	linking	link	VERB
ar-22395	111	26	policy	policy	NOUN
ar-22395	111	27	development	development	NOUN
ar-22395	111	28	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	111	29	union	union	NOUN
ar-22395	111	30	organizing	organizing	NOUN
ar-22395	111	31	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	112	1	the	the	DET
ar-22395	112	2	campaign	campaign	NOUN
ar-22395	112	3	conducted	conduct	VERB
ar-22395	112	4	phone­in	phone­in	PROPN
ar-22395	112	5	operations	operation	NOUN
ar-22395	112	6	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	112	7	asked	ask	VERB
ar-22395	112	8	organizations	organization	NOUN
ar-22395	112	9	to	to	PART
ar-22395	112	10	fax	fax	VERB
ar-22395	112	11	letters	letter	NOUN
ar-22395	112	12	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	112	13	support	support	NOUN
ar-22395	112	14	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	112	15	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	112	16	mailed	mail	VERB
ar-22395	112	17	council	council	NOUN
ar-22395	112	18	members	member	NOUN
ar-22395	112	19	over	over	ADP
ar-22395	112	20	a	a	DET
ar-22395	112	21	thousand	thousand	NUM
ar-22395	112	22	decorated	decorate	VERB
ar-22395	112	23	paper	paper	NOUN
ar-22395	112	24	plates	plate	NOUN
ar-22395	112	25	during	during	ADP
ar-22395	112	26	thanksgiving	thanksgiving	NOUN
ar-22395	112	27	that	that	PRON
ar-22395	112	28	symbolized	symbolize	VERB
ar-22395	112	29	the	the	DET
ar-22395	112	30	struggle	struggle	NOUN
ar-22395	112	31	to	to	PART
ar-22395	112	32	feed	feed	VERB
ar-22395	112	33	a	a	DET
ar-22395	112	34	family	family	NOUN
ar-22395	112	35	on	on	ADP
ar-22395	112	36	poverty	poverty	NOUN
ar-22395	112	37	wages	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	112	38	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	112	39	levin­waldman	levin­waldman	NOUN
ar-22395	112	40	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	112	41	2008	2008	NUM
ar-22395	112	42	;	;	PUNCT
ar-22395	112	43	reynolds	reynold	NOUN
ar-22395	112	44	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	112	45	2001	2001	NUM
ar-22395	112	46	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	112	47	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	113	1	the	the	DET
ar-22395	113	2	campaign	campaign	NOUN
ar-22395	113	3	also	also	ADV
ar-22395	113	4	used	use	VERB
ar-22395	113	5	the	the	DET
ar-22395	113	6	media	medium	NOUN
ar-22395	113	7	to	to	PART
ar-22395	113	8	champion	champion	VERB
ar-22395	113	9	living	live	VERB
ar-22395	113	10	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	113	11	employers	employer	NOUN
ar-22395	113	12	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	113	13	to	to	PART
ar-22395	113	14	highlight	highlight	VERB
ar-22395	113	15	the	the	DET
ar-22395	113	16	social­justice	social­justice	ADJ
ar-22395	113	17	dimensions	dimension	NOUN
ar-22395	113	18	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	113	19	the	the	DET
ar-22395	113	20	living	live	VERB
ar-22395	113	21	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	113	22	issues	issue	NOUN
ar-22395	113	23	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	114	1	two	two	NUM
ar-22395	114	2	employers	employer	NOUN
ar-22395	114	3	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	114	4	for	for	ADP
ar-22395	114	5	example	example	NOUN
ar-22395	114	6	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	114	7	wrote	write	VERB
ar-22395	114	8	opinion	opinion	NOUN
ar-22395	114	9	pieces	piece	NOUN
ar-22395	114	10	for	for	ADP
ar-22395	114	11	the	the	DET
ar-22395	114	12	los	los	PROPN
ar-22395	114	13	angeles	angeles	PROPN
ar-22395	114	14	times	time	NOUN
ar-22395	114	15	explaining	explain	VERB
ar-22395	114	16	how	how	SCONJ
ar-22395	114	17	high­wage	high­wage	NOUN
ar-22395	114	18	policies	policy	NOUN
ar-22395	114	19	have	have	AUX
ar-22395	114	20	benefitted	benefit	VERB
ar-22395	114	21	their	their	PRON
ar-22395	114	22	companies	company	NOUN
ar-22395	114	23	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	115	1	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	115	2	addition	addition	NOUN
ar-22395	115	3	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	115	4	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	115	5	organized	organize	VERB
ar-22395	115	6	a	a	DET
ar-22395	115	7	media	media	NOUN
ar-22395	115	8	event	event	NOUN
ar-22395	115	9	that	that	PRON
ar-22395	115	10	took	take	VERB
ar-22395	115	11	reporters	reporter	NOUN
ar-22395	115	12	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	115	13	city	city	NOUN
ar-22395	115	14	hall	hall	NOUN
ar-22395	115	15	staff	staff	NOUN
ar-22395	115	16	on	on	ADP
ar-22395	115	17	a	a	DET
ar-22395	115	18	tour	tour	NOUN
ar-22395	115	19	that	that	PRON
ar-22395	115	20	showed	show	VERB
ar-22395	115	21	the	the	DET
ar-22395	115	22	conditions	condition	NOUN
ar-22395	115	23	under	under	ADP
ar-22395	115	24	which	which	PRON
ar-22395	115	25	they	they	PRON
ar-22395	115	26	work	work	VERB
ar-22395	115	27	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	116	1	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	116	2	further	far	ADV
ar-22395	116	3	made	make	VERB
ar-22395	116	4	testaments	testament	NOUN
ar-22395	116	5	at	at	ADP
ar-22395	116	6	city	city	NOUN
ar-22395	116	7	hall	hall	NOUN
ar-22395	116	8	about	about	ADP
ar-22395	116	9	work	work	NOUN
ar-22395	116	10	injuries	injury	NOUN
ar-22395	116	11	that	that	PRON
ar-22395	116	12	went	go	VERB
ar-22395	116	13	untreated	untreated	ADJ
ar-22395	116	14	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	116	15	lack	lack	NOUN
ar-22395	116	16	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	116	17	insurance	insurance	NOUN
ar-22395	116	18	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	116	19	families	family	NOUN
ar-22395	116	20	crowded	crowd	VERB
ar-22395	116	21	into	into	ADP
ar-22395	116	22	one­bedroom	one­bedroom	NOUN
ar-22395	116	23	apartments	apartment	NOUN
ar-22395	116	24	to	to	PART
ar-22395	116	25	make	make	VERB
ar-22395	116	26	rent	rent	NOUN
ar-22395	116	27	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	116	28	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	116	29	how	how	SCONJ
ar-22395	116	30	they	they	PRON
ar-22395	116	31	visited	visit	VERB
ar-22395	116	32	food	food	NOUN
ar-22395	116	33	pantries	pantry	NOUN
ar-22395	116	34	to	to	PART
ar-22395	116	35	obtain	obtain	VERB
ar-22395	116	36	enough	enough	ADJ
ar-22395	116	37	groceries	grocery	NOUN
ar-22395	116	38	to	to	PART
ar-22395	116	39	live	live	VERB
ar-22395	116	40	on	on	ADP
ar-22395	116	41	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	117	1	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	117	2	’	'	PUNCT
ar-22395	117	3	participation	participation	NOUN
ar-22395	117	4	also	also	ADV
ar-22395	117	5	developed	develop	VERB
ar-22395	117	6	an	an	DET
ar-22395	117	7	activist	activist	ADJ
ar-22395	117	8	nucleus	nucleus	NOUN
ar-22395	117	9	among	among	ADP
ar-22395	117	10	low­wage	low­wage	NOUN
ar-22395	117	11	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	117	12	that	that	PRON
ar-22395	117	13	fed	feed	VERB
ar-22395	117	14	into	into	ADP
ar-22395	117	15	union	union	NOUN
ar-22395	117	16	activity	activity	NOUN
ar-22395	117	17	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	118	1	the	the	DET
ar-22395	118	2	service	service	NOUN
ar-22395	118	3	employees	employee	NOUN
ar-22395	118	4	international	international	PROPN
ar-22395	118	5	union	union	PROPN
ar-22395	118	6	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	118	7	seiu	seiu	PROPN
ar-22395	118	8	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	118	9	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	118	10	for	for	ADP
ar-22395	118	11	example	example	NOUN
ar-22395	118	12	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	118	13	won	win	VERB
ar-22395	118	14	union	union	NOUN
ar-22395	118	15	jobs	job	NOUN
ar-22395	118	16	for	for	ADP
ar-22395	118	17	janitors	janitor	NOUN
ar-22395	118	18	using	use	VERB
ar-22395	118	19	the	the	DET
ar-22395	118	20	living	live	VERB
ar-22395	118	21	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	118	22	law	law	NOUN
ar-22395	118	23	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	118	24	whereas	whereas	SCONJ
ar-22395	118	25	the	the	DET
ar-22395	118	26	hotel	hotel	NOUN
ar-22395	118	27	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	118	28	restaurant	restaurant	NOUN
ar-22395	118	29	employees	employee	NOUN
ar-22395	118	30	union	union	PROPN
ar-22395	118	31	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	118	32	here	here	ADV
ar-22395	118	33	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	118	34	used	use	VERB
ar-22395	118	35	the	the	DET
ar-22395	118	36	coalition	coalition	NOUN
ar-22395	118	37	’s	’s	PART
ar-22395	118	38	support	support	NOUN
ar-22395	118	39	to	to	PART
ar-22395	118	40	win	win	VERB
ar-22395	118	41	union	union	NOUN
ar-22395	118	42	recognition	recognition	NOUN
ar-22395	118	43	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	118	44	hollywood	hollywood	PROPN
ar-22395	118	45	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	119	1	furthermore	furthermore	ADV
ar-22395	119	2	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	119	3	los	los	PROPN
ar-22395	119	4	angeles	angeles	PROPN
ar-22395	119	5	’	’	PART
ar-22395	119	6	living	live	VERB
ar-22395	119	7	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	119	8	campaign	campaign	NOUN
ar-22395	119	9	runs	run	VERB
ar-22395	119	10	its	its	PRON
ar-22395	119	11	own	own	ADJ
ar-22395	119	12	contract	contract	NOUN
ar-22395	119	13	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	119	14	financial	financial	ADJ
ar-22395	119	15	assistance	assistance	NOUN
ar-22395	119	16	database	database	NOUN
ar-22395	119	17	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	119	18	trains	train	VERB
ar-22395	119	19	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	119	20	about	about	ADP
ar-22395	119	21	labour	labour	NOUN
ar-22395	119	22	law	law	NOUN
ar-22395	119	23	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	119	24	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	119	25	maintains	maintain	VERB
ar-22395	119	26	a	a	DET
ar-22395	119	27	coalition	coalition	NOUN
ar-22395	119	28	network	network	NOUN
ar-22395	119	29	capable	capable	ADJ
ar-22395	119	30	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	119	31	going	go	VERB
ar-22395	119	32	after	after	ADP
ar-22395	119	33	employer	employer	NOUN
ar-22395	119	34	violators	violator	NOUN
ar-22395	119	35	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	119	36	as	as	ADV
ar-22395	119	37	well	well	ADV
ar-22395	119	38	as	as	ADP
ar-22395	119	39	employers	employer	NOUN
ar-22395	119	40	that	that	PRON
ar-22395	119	41	attempt	attempt	VERB
ar-22395	119	42	to	to	PART
ar-22395	119	43	bust	bust	VERB
ar-22395	119	44	unions	union	NOUN
ar-22395	119	45	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	119	46	pollin	pollin	NOUN
ar-22395	119	47	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	119	48	118	118	NUM
ar-22395	119	49	|	|	ADV
ar-22395	119	50	precarious	precarious	ADJ
ar-22395	119	51	work	work	NOUN
ar-22395	119	52	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	119	53	the	the	DET
ar-22395	119	54	struggle	struggle	NOUN
ar-22395	119	55	for	for	ADP
ar-22395	119	56	living	live	VERB
ar-22395	119	57	wages	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	119	58	luce	luce	NOUN
ar-22395	119	59	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	119	60	1998	1998	NUM
ar-22395	119	61	;	;	PUNCT
ar-22395	119	62	reynolds	reynold	NOUN
ar-22395	119	63	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	119	64	2001	2001	NUM
ar-22395	119	65	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	119	66	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	120	1	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	120	2	contrast	contrast	NOUN
ar-22395	120	3	to	to	ADP
ar-22395	120	4	portland	portland	PROPN
ar-22395	120	5	’s	’s	PART
ar-22395	120	6	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	120	7	los	los	PROPN
ar-22395	120	8	angeles	angeles	PROPN
ar-22395	120	9	’	’	PART
ar-22395	120	10	living	live	VERB
ar-22395	120	11	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	120	12	campaign	campaign	NOUN
ar-22395	120	13	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	120	14	which	which	PRON
ar-22395	120	15	faced	face	VERB
ar-22395	120	16	weak	weak	ADJ
ar-22395	120	17	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	120	18	moderate	moderate	ADJ
ar-22395	120	19	levels	level	NOUN
ar-22395	120	20	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	120	21	opposition	opposition	NOUN
ar-22395	120	22	respectively	respectively	ADV
ar-22395	120	23	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	120	24	chicago	chicago	PROPN
ar-22395	120	25	’s	’s	PART
ar-22395	120	26	living	live	VERB
ar-22395	120	27	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	120	28	campaign	campaign	NOUN
ar-22395	120	29	confronted	confront	VERB
ar-22395	120	30	strong	strong	ADJ
ar-22395	120	31	opposition	opposition	NOUN
ar-22395	120	32	for	for	ADP
ar-22395	120	33	three	three	NUM
ar-22395	120	34	years	year	NOUN
ar-22395	120	35	before	before	SCONJ
ar-22395	120	36	the	the	DET
ar-22395	120	37	city	city	NOUN
ar-22395	120	38	passed	pass	VERB
ar-22395	120	39	an	an	DET
ar-22395	120	40	ordinance	ordinance	NOUN
ar-22395	120	41	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	120	42	1999	1999	NUM
ar-22395	120	43	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	121	1	to	to	PART
ar-22395	121	2	gain	gain	VERB
ar-22395	121	3	public	public	ADJ
ar-22395	121	4	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	121	5	political	political	ADJ
ar-22395	121	6	support	support	NOUN
ar-22395	121	7	for	for	ADP
ar-22395	121	8	their	their	PRON
ar-22395	121	9	agenda	agenda	NOUN
ar-22395	121	10	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	121	11	the	the	DET
ar-22395	121	12	chicago	chicago	PROPN
ar-22395	121	13	campaign	campaign	NOUN
ar-22395	121	14	employed	employ	VERB
ar-22395	121	15	a	a	DET
ar-22395	121	16	variety	variety	NOUN
ar-22395	121	17	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	121	18	strategies	strategy	NOUN
ar-22395	121	19	including	include	VERB
ar-22395	121	20	participation	participation	NOUN
ar-22395	121	21	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	121	22	the	the	DET
ar-22395	121	23	may	may	PROPN
ar-22395	121	24	day	day	NOUN
ar-22395	121	25	march	march	NOUN
ar-22395	121	26	through	through	ADP
ar-22395	121	27	downtown	downtown	NOUN
ar-22395	121	28	chicago	chicago	PROPN
ar-22395	121	29	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	121	30	achieving	achieve	VERB
ar-22395	121	31	media	medium	NOUN
ar-22395	121	32	coverage	coverage	NOUN
ar-22395	121	33	through	through	ADP
ar-22395	121	34	news	news	NOUN
ar-22395	121	35	articles	article	NOUN
ar-22395	121	36	that	that	PRON
ar-22395	121	37	supported	support	VERB
ar-22395	121	38	the	the	DET
ar-22395	121	39	“	"	PUNCT
ar-22395	121	40	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	121	41	warriors	warrior	NOUN
ar-22395	121	42	”	"	PUNCT
ar-22395	121	43	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	121	44	championing	champion	VERB
ar-22395	121	45	prominent	prominent	ADJ
ar-22395	121	46	society	society	NOUN
ar-22395	121	47	members	member	NOUN
ar-22395	121	48	to	to	PART
ar-22395	121	49	pressure	pressure	VERB
ar-22395	121	50	the	the	DET
ar-22395	121	51	un­supportive	un­supportive	ADJ
ar-22395	121	52	mayor	mayor	NOUN
ar-22395	121	53	for	for	ADP
ar-22395	121	54	his	his	PRON
ar-22395	121	55	support	support	NOUN
ar-22395	121	56	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	121	57	shaming	shame	VERB
ar-22395	121	58	the	the	DET
ar-22395	121	59	mayor	mayor	NOUN
ar-22395	121	60	at	at	ADP
ar-22395	121	61	the	the	DET
ar-22395	121	62	1996	1996	NUM
ar-22395	121	63	democratic	democratic	ADJ
ar-22395	121	64	convention	convention	NOUN
ar-22395	121	65	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	121	66	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	121	67	by	by	ADP
ar-22395	121	68	taking	take	VERB
ar-22395	121	69	busloads	busload	NOUN
ar-22395	121	70	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	121	71	delegates	delegate	NOUN
ar-22395	121	72	on	on	ADP
ar-22395	121	73	“	"	PUNCT
ar-22395	121	74	tours	tour	NOUN
ar-22395	121	75	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	121	76	shame	shame	NOUN
ar-22395	121	77	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	121	78	”	"	PUNCT
ar-22395	121	79	which	which	PRON
ar-22395	121	80	included	include	VERB
ar-22395	121	81	visits	visit	NOUN
ar-22395	121	82	to	to	ADP
ar-22395	121	83	low­wage	low­wage	NOUN
ar-22395	121	84	employers	employer	NOUN
ar-22395	121	85	who	who	PRON
ar-22395	121	86	had	have	VERB
ar-22395	121	87	public	public	ADJ
ar-22395	121	88	contracts	contract	NOUN
ar-22395	121	89	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	121	90	financial	financial	ADJ
ar-22395	121	91	assistance	assistance	NOUN
ar-22395	121	92	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	122	1	the	the	DET
ar-22395	122	2	campaign	campaign	NOUN
ar-22395	122	3	built	build	VERB
ar-22395	122	4	a	a	DET
ar-22395	122	5	very	very	ADV
ar-22395	122	6	strong	strong	ADJ
ar-22395	122	7	coalition	coalition	NOUN
ar-22395	122	8	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	122	9	more	more	ADJ
ar-22395	122	10	than	than	ADP
ar-22395	122	11	60	60	NUM
ar-22395	122	12	organizations	organization	NOUN
ar-22395	122	13	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	122	14	with	with	ADP
ar-22395	122	15	a	a	DET
ar-22395	122	16	combined	combined	ADJ
ar-22395	122	17	membership	membership	NOUN
ar-22395	122	18	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	122	19	250,000	250,000	NUM
ar-22395	122	20	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	123	1	upon	upon	SCONJ
ar-22395	123	2	hearing	hearing	NOUN
ar-22395	123	3	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	123	4	the	the	DET
ar-22395	123	5	strength	strength	NOUN
ar-22395	123	6	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	123	7	the	the	DET
ar-22395	123	8	movement	movement	NOUN
ar-22395	123	9	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	123	10	the	the	DET
ar-22395	123	11	city	city	NOUN
ar-22395	123	12	illegally	illegally	ADV
ar-22395	123	13	closed	close	VERB
ar-22395	123	14	its	its	PRON
ar-22395	123	15	doors	door	NOUN
ar-22395	123	16	to	to	ADP
ar-22395	123	17	the	the	DET
ar-22395	123	18	public	public	NOUN
ar-22395	123	19	from	from	ADP
ar-22395	123	20	attending	attend	VERB
ar-22395	123	21	the	the	DET
ar-22395	123	22	city	city	NOUN
ar-22395	123	23	council	council	PROPN
ar-22395	123	24	meeting	meeting	NOUN
ar-22395	123	25	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	123	26	which	which	PRON
ar-22395	123	27	aldermen	alderman	NOUN
ar-22395	123	28	voted	vote	VERB
ar-22395	123	29	down	down	ADP
ar-22395	123	30	the	the	DET
ar-22395	123	31	proposed	propose	VERB
ar-22395	123	32	living	live	VERB
ar-22395	123	33	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	123	34	ordinance	ordinance	NOUN
ar-22395	123	35	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	124	1	when	when	SCONJ
ar-22395	124	2	the	the	DET
ar-22395	124	3	mayor	mayor	NOUN
ar-22395	124	4	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	124	5	council	council	NOUN
ar-22395	124	6	began	begin	VERB
ar-22395	124	7	the	the	DET
ar-22395	124	8	preparation	preparation	NOUN
ar-22395	124	9	for	for	ADP
ar-22395	124	10	proposing	propose	VERB
ar-22395	124	11	salary	salary	NOUN
ar-22395	124	12	increases	increase	NOUN
ar-22395	124	13	for	for	ADP
ar-22395	124	14	themselves	themselves	PRON
ar-22395	124	15	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	124	16	1998	1998	NUM
ar-22395	124	17	they	they	PRON
ar-22395	124	18	realized	realize	VERB
ar-22395	124	19	that	that	SCONJ
ar-22395	124	20	they	they	PRON
ar-22395	124	21	could	could	AUX
ar-22395	124	22	not	not	PART
ar-22395	124	23	risk	risk	VERB
ar-22395	124	24	a	a	DET
ar-22395	124	25	backlash	backlash	NOUN
ar-22395	124	26	from	from	ADP
ar-22395	124	27	the	the	DET
ar-22395	124	28	living	live	VERB
ar-22395	124	29	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	124	30	movement	movement	NOUN
ar-22395	124	31	who	who	PRON
ar-22395	124	32	would	would	AUX
ar-22395	124	33	publicize	publicize	VERB
ar-22395	124	34	the	the	DET
ar-22395	124	35	hypocrisy	hypocrisy	NOUN
ar-22395	124	36	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	125	1	a	a	DET
ar-22395	125	2	living	live	VERB
ar-22395	125	3	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	125	4	law	law	NOUN
ar-22395	125	5	was	be	AUX
ar-22395	125	6	therefore	therefore	ADV
ar-22395	125	7	passed	pass	VERB
ar-22395	125	8	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	125	9	although	although	SCONJ
ar-22395	125	10	its	its	PRON
ar-22395	125	11	terms	term	NOUN
ar-22395	125	12	were	be	AUX
ar-22395	125	13	narrower	narrow	ADJ
ar-22395	125	14	than	than	ADP
ar-22395	125	15	the	the	DET
ar-22395	125	16	originally	originally	ADV
ar-22395	125	17	proposed	propose	VERB
ar-22395	125	18	ordinance	ordinance	NOUN
ar-22395	125	19	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	125	20	reynolds	reynold	NOUN
ar-22395	125	21	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	125	22	2001	2001	NUM
ar-22395	125	23	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	125	24	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	126	1	although	although	SCONJ
ar-22395	126	2	cities	city	NOUN
ar-22395	126	3	with	with	ADP
ar-22395	126	4	larger	large	ADJ
ar-22395	126	5	immigrant	immigrant	ADJ
ar-22395	126	6	populations	population	NOUN
ar-22395	126	7	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	126	8	higher	high	ADJ
ar-22395	126	9	union	union	NOUN
ar-22395	126	10	density	density	NOUN
ar-22395	126	11	are	be	AUX
ar-22395	126	12	more	more	ADV
ar-22395	126	13	likely	likely	ADJ
ar-22395	126	14	to	to	PART
ar-22395	126	15	pass	pass	VERB
ar-22395	126	16	living­wage	living­wage	NOUN
ar-22395	126	17	ordinances	ordinance	NOUN
ar-22395	126	18	than	than	ADP
ar-22395	126	19	cities	city	NOUN
ar-22395	126	20	that	that	PRON
ar-22395	126	21	do	do	AUX
ar-22395	126	22	not	not	PART
ar-22395	126	23	have	have	VERB
ar-22395	126	24	these	these	DET
ar-22395	126	25	demographics	demographic	NOUN
ar-22395	126	26	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	126	27	levin­waldman	levin­waldman	NOUN
ar-22395	126	28	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	126	29	2008	2008	NUM
ar-22395	126	30	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	126	31	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	126	32	less	less	ADV
ar-22395	126	33	is	be	AUX
ar-22395	126	34	known	know	VERB
ar-22395	126	35	about	about	ADP
ar-22395	126	36	the	the	DET
ar-22395	126	37	link	link	NOUN
ar-22395	126	38	between	between	ADP
ar-22395	126	39	living­wage	living­wage	NOUN
ar-22395	126	40	campaigns	campaign	NOUN
ar-22395	126	41	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	126	42	living­wage	living­wage	NOUN
ar-22395	126	43	ordinances	ordinance	NOUN
ar-22395	126	44	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	126	45	illegalized	illegalize	VERB
ar-22395	126	46	migrant	migrant	ADJ
ar-22395	126	47	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	126	48	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	127	1	employers	employer	NOUN
ar-22395	127	2	have	have	AUX
ar-22395	127	3	fired	fire	VERB
ar-22395	127	4	illegalized	illegalize	VERB
ar-22395	127	5	migrant	migrant	ADJ
ar-22395	127	6	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	127	7	or	or	CCONJ
ar-22395	127	8	called	call	VERB
ar-22395	127	9	immigration	immigration	NOUN
ar-22395	127	10	authorities	authority	NOUN
ar-22395	127	11	to	to	PART
ar-22395	127	12	arrest	arrest	VERB
ar-22395	127	13	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	127	14	deport	deport	VERB
ar-22395	127	15	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	127	16	after	after	SCONJ
ar-22395	127	17	these	these	DET
ar-22395	127	18	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	127	19	attempted	attempt	VERB
ar-22395	127	20	to	to	PART
ar-22395	127	21	retrieve	retrieve	VERB
ar-22395	127	22	withheld	withhold	VERB
ar-22395	127	23	pay	pay	NOUN
ar-22395	127	24	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	127	25	obtain	obtain	VERB
ar-22395	127	26	safer	safe	ADJ
ar-22395	127	27	working	working	NOUN
ar-22395	127	28	conditions	condition	NOUN
ar-22395	127	29	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	127	30	pay	pay	VERB
ar-22395	127	31	increases	increase	NOUN
ar-22395	127	32	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	127	33	unionize	unionize	NOUN
ar-22395	127	34	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	127	35	harris	harris	PROPN
ar-22395	127	36	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	127	37	2013	2013	NUM
ar-22395	127	38	;	;	PUNCT
ar-22395	127	39	nissen	nissen	PROPN
ar-22395	127	40	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	127	41	2005	2005	NUM
ar-22395	127	42	;	;	PUNCT
ar-22395	127	43	smith	smith	PROPN
ar-22395	127	44	et	et	PROPN
ar-22395	127	45	al	al	PROPN
ar-22395	127	46	.	.	PROPN
ar-22395	127	47	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	127	48	2009	2009	NUM
ar-22395	127	49	;	;	PUNCT
ar-22395	127	50	smith	smith	PROPN
ar-22395	127	51	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	127	52	cho	cho	PROPN
ar-22395	127	53	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	127	54	2013	2013	NUM
ar-22395	127	55	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	127	56	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	128	1	the	the	DET
ar-22395	128	2	us	us	PROPN
ar-22395	128	3	literature	literature	NOUN
ar-22395	128	4	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	128	5	however	however	ADV
ar-22395	128	6	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	128	7	does	do	AUX
ar-22395	128	8	not	not	PART
ar-22395	128	9	demonstrate	demonstrate	VERB
ar-22395	128	10	the	the	DET
ar-22395	128	11	extent	extent	NOUN
ar-22395	128	12	to	to	PART
ar-22395	128	13	which	which	PRON
ar-22395	128	14	living­wage	living­wage	NOUN
ar-22395	128	15	campaign	campaign	NOUN
ar-22395	128	16	strategies	strategy	NOUN
ar-22395	128	17	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	128	18	tactics	tactic	NOUN
ar-22395	128	19	have	have	AUX
ar-22395	128	20	prompted	prompt	VERB
ar-22395	128	21	employer	employer	NOUN
ar-22395	128	22	retaliation	retaliation	NOUN
ar-22395	128	23	against	against	ADP
ar-22395	128	24	illegalized	illegalize	VERB
ar-22395	128	25	migrant	migrant	ADJ
ar-22395	128	26	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	128	27	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	129	1	furthermore	furthermore	ADV
ar-22395	129	2	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	129	3	if	if	SCONJ
ar-22395	129	4	living­wage	living­wage	NOUN
ar-22395	129	5	campaigns	campaign	NOUN
ar-22395	129	6	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	129	7	the	the	DET
ar-22395	129	8	us	us	PROPN
ar-22395	129	9	have	have	AUX
ar-22395	129	10	resulted	result	VERB
ar-22395	129	11	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	129	12	employer	employer	NOUN
ar-22395	129	13	retaliation	retaliation	NOUN
ar-22395	129	14	towards	towards	ADP
ar-22395	129	15	illegalized	illegalize	VERB
ar-22395	129	16	migrant	migrant	ADJ
ar-22395	129	17	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	129	18	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	129	19	what	what	PRON
ar-22395	129	20	have	have	AUX
ar-22395	129	21	living­wage	living­wage	NOUN
ar-22395	129	22	campaigns	campaign	NOUN
ar-22395	129	23	done	do	VERB
ar-22395	129	24	to	to	PART
ar-22395	129	25	protect	protect	VERB
ar-22395	129	26	illegalized	illegalize	VERB
ar-22395	129	27	migrant	migrant	ADJ
ar-22395	129	28	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	129	29	from	from	ADP
ar-22395	129	30	being	be	AUX
ar-22395	129	31	fired	fire	VERB
ar-22395	129	32	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	129	33	arrested	arrest	VERB
ar-22395	129	34	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	129	35	deported	deport	VERB
ar-22395	129	36	?	?	PUNCT
ar-22395	130	1	like	like	ADP
ar-22395	130	2	the	the	DET
ar-22395	130	3	us	us	PROPN
ar-22395	130	4	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	130	5	income	income	NOUN
ar-22395	130	6	inequality	inequality	NOUN
ar-22395	130	7	has	have	AUX
ar-22395	130	8	risen	rise	VERB
ar-22395	130	9	rapidly	rapidly	ADV
ar-22395	130	10	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	130	11	the	the	DET
ar-22395	130	12	uk	uk	PROPN
ar-22395	130	13	during	during	ADP
ar-22395	130	14	the	the	DET
ar-22395	130	15	past	past	ADJ
ar-22395	130	16	four	four	NUM
ar-22395	130	17	decades	decade	NOUN
ar-22395	130	18	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	131	1	changes	change	NOUN
ar-22395	131	2	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	131	3	global	global	ADJ
ar-22395	131	4	production	production	NOUN
ar-22395	131	5	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	131	6	employment	employment	NOUN
ar-22395	131	7	systems	system	NOUN
ar-22395	131	8	have	have	AUX
ar-22395	131	9	led	lead	VERB
ar-22395	131	10	to	to	ADP
ar-22395	131	11	growth	growth	NOUN
ar-22395	131	12	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	131	13	precarious	precarious	ADJ
ar-22395	131	14	flexible	flexible	ADJ
ar-22395	131	15	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	131	16	part­time	part­time	NOUN
ar-22395	131	17	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	131	18	fixed­term	fixed­term	NOUN
ar-22395	131	19	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	131	20	‘	'	PUNCT
ar-22395	131	21	illegalized	illegalize	VERB
ar-22395	131	22	’	'	PUNCT
ar-22395	131	23	migrant	migrant	ADJ
ar-22395	131	24	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	131	25	|	|	ADV
ar-22395	131	26	119	119	NUM
ar-22395	131	27	temporary	temporary	ADJ
ar-22395	131	28	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	131	29	or	or	CCONJ
ar-22395	131	30	agency	agency	NOUN
ar-22395	131	31	work	work	NOUN
ar-22395	131	32	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	131	33	rather	rather	ADV
ar-22395	131	34	than	than	ADP
ar-22395	131	35	full­time	full­time	ADJ
ar-22395	131	36	permanent	permanent	ADJ
ar-22395	131	37	work	work	NOUN
ar-22395	131	38	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	131	39	mcdowell	mcdowell	PROPN
ar-22395	131	40	et	et	PROPN
ar-22395	131	41	al	al	PROPN
ar-22395	131	42	.	.	PROPN
ar-22395	131	43	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	131	44	2009	2009	NUM
ar-22395	131	45	;	;	PUNCT
ar-22395	131	46	sassen	sassen	VERB
ar-22395	131	47	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	131	48	2006	2006	NUM
ar-22395	131	49	;	;	PUNCT
ar-22395	131	50	thornley	thornley	PROPN
ar-22395	131	51	et	et	PROPN
ar-22395	131	52	al	al	PROPN
ar-22395	131	53	.	.	PROPN
ar-22395	131	54	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	131	55	2010	2010	NUM
ar-22395	131	56	;	;	PUNCT
ar-22395	131	57	wills	will	NOUN
ar-22395	131	58	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	131	59	2009c	2009c	NUM
ar-22395	131	60	;	;	PUNCT
ar-22395	131	61	wills	will	NOUN
ar-22395	131	62	et	et	NOUN
ar-22395	131	63	al	al	PROPN
ar-22395	131	64	.	.	PROPN
ar-22395	131	65	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	131	66	2009d	2009d	NUM
ar-22395	131	67	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	131	68	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	132	1	also	also	ADV
ar-22395	132	2	similar	similar	ADJ
ar-22395	132	3	to	to	ADP
ar-22395	132	4	the	the	DET
ar-22395	132	5	us	us	PROPN
ar-22395	132	6	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	132	7	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	132	8	who	who	PRON
ar-22395	132	9	earn	earn	VERB
ar-22395	132	10	sub­poverty	sub­poverty	NUM
ar-22395	132	11	level	level	NOUN
ar-22395	132	12	wages	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	132	13	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	132	14	the	the	DET
ar-22395	132	15	uk	uk	PROPN
ar-22395	132	16	are	be	AUX
ar-22395	132	17	more	more	ADV
ar-22395	132	18	likely	likely	ADJ
ar-22395	132	19	to	to	PART
ar-22395	132	20	be	be	AUX
ar-22395	132	21	immigrants	immigrant	NOUN
ar-22395	132	22	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	132	23	illegalized	illegalize	VERB
ar-22395	132	24	migrants	migrant	NOUN
ar-22395	132	25	than	than	ADP
ar-22395	132	26	native­born	native­born	ADJ
ar-22395	132	27	residents	resident	NOUN
ar-22395	132	28	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	133	1	as	as	SCONJ
ar-22395	133	2	“	"	PUNCT
ar-22395	133	3	invisible	invisible	ADJ
ar-22395	133	4	”	"	PUNCT
ar-22395	133	5	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	133	6	immigrant	immigrant	NOUN
ar-22395	133	7	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	133	8	illegalized	illegalize	VERB
ar-22395	133	9	migrant	migrant	ADJ
ar-22395	133	10	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	133	11	often	often	ADV
ar-22395	133	12	remain	remain	VERB
ar-22395	133	13	hidden	hidden	ADJ
ar-22395	133	14	from	from	ADP
ar-22395	133	15	public	public	ADJ
ar-22395	133	16	view	view	NOUN
ar-22395	133	17	when	when	SCONJ
ar-22395	133	18	they	they	PRON
ar-22395	133	19	clean	clean	VERB
ar-22395	133	20	banks	bank	NOUN
ar-22395	133	21	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	133	22	hospitals	hospital	NOUN
ar-22395	133	23	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	133	24	or	or	CCONJ
ar-22395	133	25	universities	university	NOUN
ar-22395	133	26	while	while	SCONJ
ar-22395	133	27	the	the	DET
ar-22395	133	28	city	city	NOUN
ar-22395	133	29	sleeps	sleep	VERB
ar-22395	133	30	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	133	31	or	or	CCONJ
ar-22395	133	32	when	when	SCONJ
ar-22395	133	33	they	they	PRON
ar-22395	133	34	cook	cook	VERB
ar-22395	133	35	meals	meal	NOUN
ar-22395	133	36	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	133	37	the	the	DET
ar-22395	133	38	kitchens	kitchen	NOUN
ar-22395	133	39	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	133	40	countless	countless	ADJ
ar-22395	133	41	restaurants	restaurant	NOUN
ar-22395	133	42	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	133	43	hearn	hearn	NOUN
ar-22395	133	44	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	133	45	bergos	bergo	NOUN
ar-22395	133	46	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	133	47	2011	2011	NUM
ar-22395	133	48	;	;	PUNCT
ar-22395	133	49	2009	2009	NUM
ar-22395	133	50	;	;	PUNCT
ar-22395	133	51	rienzo	rienzo	NOUN
ar-22395	133	52	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	133	53	2011	2011	NUM
ar-22395	133	54	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	133	55	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	134	1	studies	study	NOUN
ar-22395	134	2	have	have	AUX
ar-22395	134	3	found	find	VERB
ar-22395	134	4	that	that	SCONJ
ar-22395	134	5	uk	uk	PROPN
ar-22395	134	6	employers	employer	NOUN
ar-22395	134	7	prefer	prefer	VERB
ar-22395	134	8	to	to	PART
ar-22395	134	9	hire	hire	VERB
ar-22395	134	10	exploitable	exploitable	ADJ
ar-22395	134	11	immigrants	immigrant	NOUN
ar-22395	134	12	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	134	13	with	with	ADP
ar-22395	134	14	or	or	CCONJ
ar-22395	134	15	without	without	ADP
ar-22395	134	16	legal	legal	ADJ
ar-22395	134	17	documents	document	NOUN
ar-22395	134	18	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	134	19	to	to	PART
ar-22395	134	20	gain	gain	VERB
ar-22395	134	21	competitive	competitive	ADJ
ar-22395	134	22	advantage	advantage	NOUN
ar-22395	134	23	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	134	24	hearn	hearn	NOUN
ar-22395	134	25	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	134	26	bergos	bergo	NOUN
ar-22395	134	27	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	134	28	2011	2011	NUM
ar-22395	134	29	;	;	PUNCT
ar-22395	134	30	tapia	tapia	PROPN
ar-22395	134	31	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	134	32	turner	turner	PROPN
ar-22395	134	33	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	134	34	2007	2007	NUM
ar-22395	134	35	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	134	36	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	135	1	the	the	DET
ar-22395	135	2	east	east	PROPN
ar-22395	135	3	london	london	PROPN
ar-22395	135	4	communities	community	NOUN
ar-22395	135	5	organization	organization	NOUN
ar-22395	135	6	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	135	7	telco	telco	NOUN
ar-22395	135	8	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	135	9	launched	launch	VERB
ar-22395	135	10	london	london	PROPN
ar-22395	135	11	’s	’s	PART
ar-22395	135	12	first	first	ADJ
ar-22395	135	13	living	living	NOUN
ar-22395	135	14	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	135	15	campaign	campaign	NOUN
ar-22395	135	16	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	135	17	2001	2001	NUM
ar-22395	135	18	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	135	19	holgate	holgate	PROPN
ar-22395	135	20	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	135	21	2009	2009	NUM
ar-22395	135	22	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	135	23	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	136	1	the	the	DET
ar-22395	136	2	unison	unison	PROPN
ar-22395	136	3	trade	trade	PROPN
ar-22395	136	4	union	union	PROPN
ar-22395	136	5	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	136	6	the	the	DET
ar-22395	136	7	transport	transport	NOUN
ar-22395	136	8	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	136	9	general	general	ADJ
ar-22395	136	10	workers	workers	PROPN
ar-22395	136	11	union	union	PROPN
ar-22395	136	12	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	136	13	tgwu	tgwu	ADV
ar-22395	136	14	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	136	15	provided	provide	VERB
ar-22395	136	16	funds	fund	NOUN
ar-22395	136	17	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	136	18	the	the	DET
ar-22395	136	19	human	human	ADJ
ar-22395	136	20	resources	resource	NOUN
ar-22395	136	21	to	to	PART
ar-22395	136	22	support	support	VERB
ar-22395	136	23	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	136	24	to	to	PART
ar-22395	136	25	organize	organize	VERB
ar-22395	136	26	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	137	1	after	after	ADP
ar-22395	137	2	securing	secure	VERB
ar-22395	137	3	increases	increase	NOUN
ar-22395	137	4	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	137	5	pay	pay	NOUN
ar-22395	137	6	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	137	7	holidays	holiday	NOUN
ar-22395	137	8	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	137	9	pensions	pension	NOUN
ar-22395	137	10	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	137	11	sick	sick	ADJ
ar-22395	137	12	pay	pay	NOUN
ar-22395	137	13	for	for	ADP
ar-22395	137	14	cleaners	cleaner	NOUN
ar-22395	137	15	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	137	16	the	the	DET
ar-22395	137	17	early	early	ADJ
ar-22395	137	18	2000s	2000s	NUM
ar-22395	137	19	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	137	20	tgwu	tgwu	ADV
ar-22395	137	21	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	137	22	unison	unison	PROPN
ar-22395	137	23	’s	’s	PART
ar-22395	137	24	union	union	NOUN
ar-22395	137	25	membership	membership	NOUN
ar-22395	137	26	grew	grow	VERB
ar-22395	137	27	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	137	28	the	the	DET
ar-22395	137	29	living	live	VERB
ar-22395	137	30	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	137	31	campaign	campaign	NOUN
ar-22395	137	32	expanded	expand	VERB
ar-22395	137	33	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	138	1	additional	additional	ADJ
ar-22395	138	2	lobbying	lobbying	NOUN
ar-22395	138	3	efforts	effort	NOUN
ar-22395	138	4	secured	secure	VERB
ar-22395	138	5	the	the	DET
ar-22395	138	6	living	living	NOUN
ar-22395	138	7	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	138	8	for	for	ADP
ar-22395	138	9	all	all	DET
ar-22395	138	10	people	people	NOUN
ar-22395	138	11	working	work	VERB
ar-22395	138	12	on	on	ADP
ar-22395	138	13	the	the	DET
ar-22395	138	14	2004	2004	NUM
ar-22395	138	15	olympic	olympic	ADJ
ar-22395	138	16	projects	project	NOUN
ar-22395	138	17	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	138	18	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	138	19	resulted	result	VERB
ar-22395	138	20	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	138	21	the	the	DET
ar-22395	138	22	establishment	establishment	NOUN
ar-22395	138	23	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	138	24	a	a	DET
ar-22395	138	25	living	live	VERB
ar-22395	138	26	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	138	27	unit	unit	NOUN
ar-22395	138	28	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	138	29	the	the	DET
ar-22395	138	30	greater	great	ADJ
ar-22395	138	31	london	london	PROPN
ar-22395	138	32	authority	authority	NOUN
ar-22395	138	33	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	139	1	supported	support	VERB
ar-22395	139	2	by	by	ADP
ar-22395	139	3	the	the	DET
ar-22395	139	4	justice	justice	NOUN
ar-22395	139	5	for	for	ADP
ar-22395	139	6	janitors	janitor	NOUN
ar-22395	139	7	campaign	campaign	NOUN
ar-22395	139	8	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	139	9	the	the	DET
ar-22395	139	10	us	us	PROPN
ar-22395	139	11	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	139	12	the	the	DET
ar-22395	139	13	tgwu	tgwu	NOUN
ar-22395	139	14	began	begin	VERB
ar-22395	139	15	a	a	DET
ar-22395	139	16	sector­wide	sector­wide	ADJ
ar-22395	139	17	campaign	campaign	NOUN
ar-22395	139	18	to	to	PART
ar-22395	139	19	unionize	unionize	VERB
ar-22395	139	20	cleaners	cleaner	NOUN
ar-22395	139	21	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	139	22	the	the	DET
ar-22395	139	23	city	city	NOUN
ar-22395	139	24	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	139	25	canary	canary	NOUN
ar-22395	139	26	wharf	wharf	NOUN
ar-22395	139	27	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	139	28	worked	work	VERB
ar-22395	139	29	with	with	ADP
ar-22395	139	30	london	london	PROPN
ar-22395	139	31	citizens	citizen	NOUN
ar-22395	139	32	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	139	33	formerly	formerly	ADV
ar-22395	139	34	telco	telco	NOUN
ar-22395	139	35	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	139	36	to	to	PART
ar-22395	139	37	demand	demand	VERB
ar-22395	139	38	a	a	DET
ar-22395	139	39	living	living	NOUN
ar-22395	139	40	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	139	41	for	for	ADP
ar-22395	139	42	all	all	PRON
ar-22395	139	43	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	140	1	within	within	ADP
ar-22395	140	2	months	month	NOUN
ar-22395	140	3	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	140	4	the	the	DET
ar-22395	140	5	campaign	campaign	NOUN
ar-22395	140	6	expanded	expand	VERB
ar-22395	140	7	to	to	ADP
ar-22395	140	8	higher	high	ADJ
ar-22395	140	9	education	education	NOUN
ar-22395	140	10	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	140	11	focusing	focus	VERB
ar-22395	140	12	on	on	ADP
ar-22395	140	13	low­paid	low­paid	VERB
ar-22395	140	14	contracted	contract	VERB
ar-22395	140	15	cleaners	cleaner	NOUN
ar-22395	140	16	at	at	ADP
ar-22395	140	17	multiple	multiple	ADJ
ar-22395	140	18	universities	university	NOUN
ar-22395	140	19	across	across	ADP
ar-22395	140	20	london	london	PROPN
ar-22395	140	21	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	141	1	the	the	DET
ar-22395	141	2	living	live	VERB
ar-22395	141	3	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	141	4	campaign	campaign	NOUN
ar-22395	141	5	has	have	AUX
ar-22395	141	6	employed	employ	VERB
ar-22395	141	7	a	a	DET
ar-22395	141	8	variety	variety	NOUN
ar-22395	141	9	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	141	10	strategies	strategy	NOUN
ar-22395	141	11	to	to	PART
ar-22395	141	12	achieve	achieve	VERB
ar-22395	141	13	pay	pay	NOUN
ar-22395	141	14	increases	increase	NOUN
ar-22395	141	15	for	for	ADP
ar-22395	141	16	low­paid	low­paid	ADJ
ar-22395	141	17	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	141	18	mainly	mainly	ADV
ar-22395	141	19	migrant	migrant	ADJ
ar-22395	141	20	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	141	21	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	142	1	however	however	ADV
ar-22395	142	2	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	142	3	as	as	ADP
ar-22395	142	4	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	142	5	the	the	DET
ar-22395	142	6	us	us	PROPN
ar-22395	142	7	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	142	8	the	the	DET
ar-22395	142	9	campaigns	campaign	NOUN
ar-22395	142	10	have	have	AUX
ar-22395	142	11	not	not	PART
ar-22395	142	12	been	be	AUX
ar-22395	142	13	without	without	ADP
ar-22395	142	14	opposition	opposition	NOUN
ar-22395	142	15	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	142	16	hearn	hearn	NOUN
ar-22395	142	17	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	142	18	bergoes	bergoe	NOUN
ar-22395	142	19	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	142	20	2011	2011	NUM
ar-22395	142	21	;	;	PUNCT
ar-22395	142	22	holgate	holgate	PROPN
ar-22395	142	23	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	142	24	2009	2009	NUM
ar-22395	142	25	;	;	PUNCT
ar-22395	142	26	lopes	lope	NOUN
ar-22395	142	27	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	142	28	hall	hall	NOUN
ar-22395	142	29	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	142	30	2015	2015	NUM
ar-22395	142	31	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	142	32	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	143	1	throughout	throughout	ADP
ar-22395	143	2	the	the	DET
ar-22395	143	3	living	live	VERB
ar-22395	143	4	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	143	5	campaigns	campaign	NOUN
ar-22395	143	6	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	143	7	telco	telco	NOUN
ar-22395	143	8	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	143	9	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	143	10	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	143	11	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	143	12	unions	union	NOUN
ar-22395	143	13	employed	employ	VERB
ar-22395	143	14	a	a	DET
ar-22395	143	15	variety	variety	NOUN
ar-22395	143	16	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	143	17	tactics	tactic	NOUN
ar-22395	143	18	to	to	PART
ar-22395	143	19	persuade	persuade	VERB
ar-22395	143	20	employers	employer	NOUN
ar-22395	143	21	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	143	22	the	the	DET
ar-22395	143	23	city	city	NOUN
ar-22395	143	24	to	to	PART
ar-22395	143	25	adopt	adopt	VERB
ar-22395	143	26	the	the	DET
ar-22395	143	27	living	living	NOUN
ar-22395	143	28	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	143	29	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	144	1	during	during	ADP
ar-22395	144	2	the	the	DET
ar-22395	144	3	beginning	beginning	NOUN
ar-22395	144	4	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	144	5	the	the	DET
ar-22395	144	6	campaign	campaign	NOUN
ar-22395	144	7	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	144	8	public	public	ADJ
ar-22395	144	9	protests	protest	NOUN
ar-22395	144	10	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	144	11	marches	marche	NOUN
ar-22395	144	12	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	144	13	demonstrations	demonstration	NOUN
ar-22395	144	14	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	144	15	public	public	ADJ
ar-22395	144	16	assemblies	assembly	NOUN
ar-22395	144	17	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	144	18	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	144	19	lobbying	lobbying	NOUN
ar-22395	144	20	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	144	21	politicians	politician	NOUN
ar-22395	144	22	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	144	23	employers	employer	NOUN
ar-22395	144	24	attracted	attract	VERB
ar-22395	144	25	the	the	DET
ar-22395	144	26	support	support	NOUN
ar-22395	144	27	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	144	28	the	the	DET
ar-22395	144	29	mayor	mayor	NOUN
ar-22395	144	30	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	144	31	trade	trade	NOUN
ar-22395	144	32	unions	union	NOUN
ar-22395	144	33	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	144	34	tapia	tapia	PROPN
ar-22395	144	35	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	144	36	turner	turner	PROPN
ar-22395	144	37	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	144	38	2013	2013	NUM
ar-22395	144	39	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	144	40	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	145	1	tgwu	tgwu	PROPN
ar-22395	145	2	then	then	ADV
ar-22395	145	3	decided	decide	VERB
ar-22395	145	4	to	to	PART
ar-22395	145	5	focus	focus	VERB
ar-22395	145	6	on	on	ADP
ar-22395	145	7	a	a	DET
ar-22395	145	8	strategy	strategy	NOUN
ar-22395	145	9	for	for	ADP
ar-22395	145	10	growth	growth	NOUN
ar-22395	145	11	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	145	12	putting	put	VERB
ar-22395	145	13	more	more	ADJ
ar-22395	145	14	resources	resource	NOUN
ar-22395	145	15	into	into	ADP
ar-22395	145	16	organizing	organize	VERB
ar-22395	145	17	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	145	18	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	145	19	many	many	ADJ
ar-22395	145	20	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	145	21	whom	whom	PRON
ar-22395	145	22	were	be	AUX
ar-22395	145	23	immigrants	immigrant	NOUN
ar-22395	145	24	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	146	1	including	include	VERB
ar-22395	146	2	immigrants	immigrant	NOUN
ar-22395	146	3	gave	give	VERB
ar-22395	146	4	the	the	DET
ar-22395	146	5	labour	labour	PROPN
ar-22395	146	6	movement	movement	NOUN
ar-22395	146	7	an	an	DET
ar-22395	146	8	opportunity	opportunity	NOUN
ar-22395	146	9	to	to	PART
ar-22395	146	10	transform	transform	VERB
ar-22395	146	11	itself	itself	PRON
ar-22395	146	12	into	into	ADP
ar-22395	146	13	a	a	DET
ar-22395	146	14	stronger	strong	ADJ
ar-22395	146	15	force	force	NOUN
ar-22395	146	16	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	147	1	once	once	SCONJ
ar-22395	147	2	the	the	DET
ar-22395	147	3	unions	union	NOUN
ar-22395	147	4	shifted	shift	VERB
ar-22395	147	5	their	their	PRON
ar-22395	147	6	attitudes	attitude	NOUN
ar-22395	147	7	towards	towards	ADP
ar-22395	147	8	immigrants	immigrant	NOUN
ar-22395	147	9	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	147	10	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	147	11	immigrants	immigrant	NOUN
ar-22395	147	12	120	120	NUM
ar-22395	147	13	|	|	ADV
ar-22395	147	14	precarious	precarious	ADJ
ar-22395	147	15	work	work	NOUN
ar-22395	147	16	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	147	17	the	the	DET
ar-22395	147	18	struggle	struggle	NOUN
ar-22395	147	19	for	for	ADP
ar-22395	147	20	living	live	VERB
ar-22395	147	21	wages	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	147	22	began	begin	VERB
ar-22395	147	23	joining	join	VERB
ar-22395	147	24	previously	previously	ADV
ar-22395	147	25	closed	close	VERB
ar-22395	147	26	unions	union	NOUN
ar-22395	147	27	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	147	28	they	they	PRON
ar-22395	147	29	acquired	acquire	VERB
ar-22395	147	30	new	new	ADJ
ar-22395	147	31	positions	position	NOUN
ar-22395	147	32	within	within	ADP
ar-22395	147	33	the	the	DET
ar-22395	147	34	union	union	NOUN
ar-22395	147	35	structures	structure	NOUN
ar-22395	147	36	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	147	37	changing	change	VERB
ar-22395	147	38	the	the	DET
ar-22395	147	39	union	union	NOUN
ar-22395	147	40	from	from	ADP
ar-22395	147	41	within	within	ADP
ar-22395	147	42	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	147	43	tapia	tapia	PROPN
ar-22395	147	44	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	147	45	turner	turner	PROPN
ar-22395	147	46	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	147	47	2013	2013	NUM
ar-22395	147	48	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	147	49	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	148	1	the	the	DET
ar-22395	148	2	growth	growth	NOUN
ar-22395	148	3	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	148	4	membership	membership	NOUN
ar-22395	148	5	influenced	influence	VERB
ar-22395	148	6	unions	union	NOUN
ar-22395	148	7	to	to	PART
ar-22395	148	8	fight	fight	VERB
ar-22395	148	9	not	not	PART
ar-22395	148	10	only	only	ADV
ar-22395	148	11	for	for	ADP
ar-22395	148	12	a	a	DET
ar-22395	148	13	living	live	VERB
ar-22395	148	14	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	148	15	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	148	16	but	but	CCONJ
ar-22395	148	17	also	also	ADV
ar-22395	148	18	for	for	ADP
ar-22395	148	19	structural	structural	ADJ
ar-22395	148	20	changes	change	NOUN
ar-22395	148	21	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	148	22	the	the	DET
ar-22395	148	23	labour	labour	NOUN
ar-22395	148	24	market	market	NOUN
ar-22395	148	25	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	148	26	demanding	demand	VERB
ar-22395	148	27	better	well	ADJ
ar-22395	148	28	social	social	ADJ
ar-22395	148	29	protection	protection	NOUN
ar-22395	148	30	for	for	ADP
ar-22395	148	31	immigrant	immigrant	ADJ
ar-22395	148	32	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	148	33	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	148	34	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	148	35	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	148	36	by	by	ADP
ar-22395	148	37	extension	extension	NOUN
ar-22395	148	38	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	148	39	for	for	ADP
ar-22395	148	40	all	all	DET
ar-22395	148	41	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	148	42	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	149	1	campaigns	campaign	NOUN
ar-22395	149	2	framed	frame	VERB
ar-22395	149	3	the	the	DET
ar-22395	149	4	issues	issue	NOUN
ar-22395	149	5	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	149	6	terms	term	NOUN
ar-22395	149	7	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	149	8	social	social	ADJ
ar-22395	149	9	justice	justice	NOUN
ar-22395	149	10	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	149	11	fairness	fairness	NOUN
ar-22395	149	12	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	150	1	through	through	ADP
ar-22395	150	2	sustained	sustained	ADJ
ar-22395	150	3	campaigns	campaign	NOUN
ar-22395	150	4	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	150	5	including	include	VERB
ar-22395	150	6	demonstrations	demonstration	NOUN
ar-22395	150	7	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	150	8	strikes	strike	NOUN
ar-22395	150	9	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	150	10	civil	civil	ADJ
ar-22395	150	11	disobedience	disobedience	NOUN
ar-22395	150	12	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	150	13	vulnerable	vulnerable	ADJ
ar-22395	150	14	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	150	15	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	150	16	their	their	PRON
ar-22395	150	17	union	union	NOUN
ar-22395	150	18	supporters	supporter	NOUN
ar-22395	150	19	were	be	AUX
ar-22395	150	20	able	able	ADJ
ar-22395	150	21	to	to	PART
ar-22395	150	22	pressure	pressure	VERB
ar-22395	150	23	employers	employer	NOUN
ar-22395	150	24	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	150	25	policy	policy	NOUN
ar-22395	150	26	makers	maker	NOUN
ar-22395	150	27	to	to	PART
ar-22395	150	28	win	win	VERB
ar-22395	150	29	significant	significant	ADJ
ar-22395	150	30	concessions	concession	NOUN
ar-22395	150	31	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	150	32	tapia	tapia	PROPN
ar-22395	150	33	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	150	34	turner	turner	PROPN
ar-22395	150	35	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	150	36	2013	2013	NUM
ar-22395	150	37	;	;	PUNCT
ar-22395	150	38	lopes	lope	NOUN
ar-22395	150	39	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	150	40	hall	hall	NOUN
ar-22395	150	41	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	150	42	2015	2015	NUM
ar-22395	150	43	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	150	44	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	151	1	telco	telco	NOUN
ar-22395	151	2	initiated	initiate	VERB
ar-22395	151	3	a	a	DET
ar-22395	151	4	‘	'	PUNCT
ar-22395	151	5	strangers	stranger	NOUN
ar-22395	151	6	into	into	ADP
ar-22395	151	7	citizens	citizen	NOUN
ar-22395	151	8	’	’	PART
ar-22395	151	9	campaign	campaign	NOUN
ar-22395	151	10	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	151	11	after	after	ADP
ar-22395	151	12	learning	learn	VERB
ar-22395	151	13	about	about	ADP
ar-22395	151	14	the	the	DET
ar-22395	151	15	city	city	NOUN
ar-22395	151	16	’s	’s	PART
ar-22395	151	17	role	role	NOUN
ar-22395	151	18	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	151	19	exploiting	exploit	VERB
ar-22395	151	20	illegalized	illegalize	VERB
ar-22395	151	21	migrant	migrant	ADJ
ar-22395	151	22	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	151	23	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	152	1	the	the	DET
ar-22395	152	2	campaign	campaign	NOUN
ar-22395	152	3	came	come	VERB
ar-22395	152	4	together	together	ADV
ar-22395	152	5	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	152	6	may	may	PROPN
ar-22395	152	7	2007	2007	NUM
ar-22395	152	8	at	at	ADP
ar-22395	152	9	trafalgar	trafalgar	PROPN
ar-22395	152	10	square	square	PROPN
ar-22395	152	11	to	to	PART
ar-22395	152	12	call	call	VERB
ar-22395	152	13	for	for	ADP
ar-22395	152	14	regularization	regularization	NOUN
ar-22395	152	15	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	153	1	the	the	DET
ar-22395	153	2	campaign	campaign	NOUN
ar-22395	153	3	’s	’s	PART
ar-22395	153	4	proposal	proposal	NOUN
ar-22395	153	5	was	be	AUX
ar-22395	153	6	debated	debate	VERB
ar-22395	153	7	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	153	8	the	the	DET
ar-22395	153	9	uk	uk	PROPN
ar-22395	153	10	house	house	PROPN
ar-22395	153	11	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	153	12	commons	common	NOUN
ar-22395	153	13	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	153	14	june	june	PROPN
ar-22395	153	15	2007	2007	NUM
ar-22395	153	16	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	154	1	by	by	ADP
ar-22395	154	2	september	september	PROPN
ar-22395	154	3	2007	2007	NUM
ar-22395	154	4	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	154	5	the	the	DET
ar-22395	154	6	liberal	liberal	ADJ
ar-22395	154	7	democrats	democrats	PROPN
ar-22395	154	8	adopted	adopt	VERB
ar-22395	154	9	the	the	DET
ar-22395	154	10	idea	idea	NOUN
ar-22395	154	11	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	154	12	an	an	DET
ar-22395	154	13	earned	earn	VERB
ar-22395	154	14	route	route	NOUN
ar-22395	154	15	to	to	ADP
ar-22395	154	16	citizenship	citizenship	NOUN
ar-22395	154	17	with	with	ADP
ar-22395	154	18	residence	residence	NOUN
ar-22395	154	19	conditions	condition	NOUN
ar-22395	154	20	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	154	21	10	10	NUM
ar-22395	154	22	years	year	NOUN
ar-22395	154	23	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	154	24	the	the	DET
ar-22395	154	25	uk	uk	PROPN
ar-22395	154	26	border	border	NOUN
ar-22395	154	27	agency	agency	NOUN
ar-22395	154	28	began	begin	VERB
ar-22395	154	29	granting	grant	VERB
ar-22395	154	30	legal	legal	ADJ
ar-22395	154	31	status	status	NOUN
ar-22395	154	32	to	to	ADP
ar-22395	154	33	thousands	thousand	NOUN
ar-22395	154	34	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	154	35	asylum	asylum	NOUN
ar-22395	154	36	seekers	seeker	NOUN
ar-22395	154	37	whose	whose	DET
ar-22395	154	38	claims	claim	NOUN
ar-22395	154	39	had	have	AUX
ar-22395	154	40	failed	fail	VERB
ar-22395	154	41	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	154	42	ivereigh	ivereigh	NOUN
ar-22395	154	43	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	154	44	2009	2009	NUM
ar-22395	154	45	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	154	46	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	155	1	not	not	PART
ar-22395	155	2	all	all	PRON
ar-22395	155	3	illegalized	illegalize	VERB
ar-22395	155	4	migrant	migrant	ADJ
ar-22395	155	5	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	155	6	benefitted	benefit	VERB
ar-22395	155	7	from	from	ADP
ar-22395	155	8	regularization	regularization	NOUN
ar-22395	155	9	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	155	10	however	however	ADV
ar-22395	155	11	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	155	12	due	due	ADP
ar-22395	155	13	to	to	ADP
ar-22395	155	14	strict	strict	ADJ
ar-22395	155	15	exclusionary	exclusionary	ADJ
ar-22395	155	16	criteria	criterion	NOUN
ar-22395	155	17	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	155	18	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
ar-22395	155	19	proof	proof	NOUN
ar-22395	155	20	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	155	21	long	long	ADJ
ar-22395	155	22	association	association	NOUN
ar-22395	155	23	with	with	ADP
ar-22395	155	24	the	the	DET
ar-22395	155	25	uk	uk	PROPN
ar-22395	155	26	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	155	27	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	156	1	furthermore	furthermore	ADV
ar-22395	156	2	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	156	3	uk	uk	PROPN
ar-22395	156	4	unions	union	NOUN
ar-22395	156	5	were	be	AUX
ar-22395	156	6	not	not	PART
ar-22395	156	7	united	unite	VERB
ar-22395	156	8	on	on	ADP
ar-22395	156	9	this	this	DET
ar-22395	156	10	initiative	initiative	NOUN
ar-22395	156	11	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	156	12	tapia	tapia	PROPN
ar-22395	156	13	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	156	14	turner	turner	PROPN
ar-22395	156	15	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	156	16	2013	2013	NUM
ar-22395	156	17	;	;	PUNCT
ar-22395	156	18	ivereigh	ivereigh	NOUN
ar-22395	156	19	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	156	20	2009	2009	NUM
ar-22395	156	21	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	156	22	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	157	1	on	on	ADP
ar-22395	157	2	the	the	DET
ar-22395	157	3	one	one	NUM
ar-22395	157	4	hand	hand	NOUN
ar-22395	157	5	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	157	6	union	union	NOUN
ar-22395	157	7	leaders	leader	NOUN
ar-22395	157	8	perceived	perceive	VERB
ar-22395	157	9	regularization	regularization	NOUN
ar-22395	157	10	as	as	ADP
ar-22395	157	11	a	a	DET
ar-22395	157	12	very	very	ADV
ar-22395	157	13	difficult	difficult	ADJ
ar-22395	157	14	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	157	15	contentious	contentious	ADJ
ar-22395	157	16	issue	issue	NOUN
ar-22395	157	17	that	that	SCONJ
ar-22395	157	18	many	many	ADJ
ar-22395	157	19	members	member	NOUN
ar-22395	157	20	would	would	AUX
ar-22395	157	21	not	not	PART
ar-22395	157	22	support	support	VERB
ar-22395	157	23	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	158	1	on	on	ADP
ar-22395	158	2	the	the	DET
ar-22395	158	3	other	other	ADJ
ar-22395	158	4	hand	hand	NOUN
ar-22395	158	5	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	158	6	some	some	DET
ar-22395	158	7	leaders	leader	NOUN
ar-22395	158	8	found	find	VERB
ar-22395	158	9	telcos	telco	NOUN
ar-22395	158	10	campaign	campaign	NOUN
ar-22395	158	11	to	to	PART
ar-22395	158	12	be	be	AUX
ar-22395	158	13	too	too	ADV
ar-22395	158	14	limited	limited	ADJ
ar-22395	158	15	because	because	SCONJ
ar-22395	158	16	it	it	PRON
ar-22395	158	17	was	be	AUX
ar-22395	158	18	tied	tie	VERB
ar-22395	158	19	to	to	ADP
ar-22395	158	20	too	too	ADV
ar-22395	158	21	many	many	ADJ
ar-22395	158	22	conditions	condition	NOUN
ar-22395	158	23	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	159	1	while	while	SCONJ
ar-22395	159	2	an	an	DET
ar-22395	159	3	opening	opening	NOUN
ar-22395	159	4	was	be	AUX
ar-22395	159	5	created	create	VERB
ar-22395	159	6	for	for	SCONJ
ar-22395	159	7	the	the	DET
ar-22395	159	8	union	union	NOUN
ar-22395	159	9	to	to	PART
ar-22395	159	10	support	support	VERB
ar-22395	159	11	regularization	regularization	NOUN
ar-22395	159	12	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	159	13	illegalized	illegalize	VERB
ar-22395	159	14	migrant	migrant	ADJ
ar-22395	159	15	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	159	16	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	159	17	the	the	DET
ar-22395	159	18	political	political	ADJ
ar-22395	159	19	willingness	willingness	NOUN
ar-22395	159	20	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	159	21	strategy	strategy	NOUN
ar-22395	159	22	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	159	23	the	the	DET
ar-22395	159	24	union	union	NOUN
ar-22395	159	25	leaders	leader	NOUN
ar-22395	159	26	to	to	PART
ar-22395	159	27	make	make	VERB
ar-22395	159	28	regularization	regularization	NOUN
ar-22395	159	29	a	a	DET
ar-22395	159	30	priority	priority	NOUN
ar-22395	159	31	remained	remain	VERB
ar-22395	159	32	absent	absent	ADJ
ar-22395	159	33	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	159	34	tapia	tapia	PROPN
ar-22395	159	35	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	159	36	turner	turner	PROPN
ar-22395	159	37	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	159	38	2013	2013	NUM
ar-22395	159	39	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	159	40	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	160	1	the	the	DET
ar-22395	160	2	deportation	deportation	NOUN
ar-22395	160	3	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	160	4	eight	eight	NUM
ar-22395	160	5	cleaners	cleaner	NOUN
ar-22395	160	6	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	160	7	early	early	ADJ
ar-22395	160	8	2009	2009	NUM
ar-22395	160	9	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	160	10	approximately	approximately	ADV
ar-22395	160	11	one	one	NUM
ar-22395	160	12	year	year	NOUN
ar-22395	160	13	after	after	SCONJ
ar-22395	160	14	the	the	DET
ar-22395	160	15	living	living	NOUN
ar-22395	160	16	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	160	17	was	be	AUX
ar-22395	160	18	won	win	VERB
ar-22395	160	19	for	for	ADP
ar-22395	160	20	cleaners	cleaner	NOUN
ar-22395	160	21	at	at	ADP
ar-22395	160	22	the	the	DET
ar-22395	160	23	school	school	NOUN
ar-22395	160	24	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	160	25	oriental	oriental	ADJ
ar-22395	160	26	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	160	27	african	african	ADJ
ar-22395	160	28	studies	study	NOUN
ar-22395	160	29	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	160	30	soas	soas	ADJ
ar-22395	160	31	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	160	32	at	at	ADP
ar-22395	160	33	the	the	DET
ar-22395	160	34	university	university	PROPN
ar-22395	160	35	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	160	36	london	london	PROPN
ar-22395	160	37	indicated	indicate	VERB
ar-22395	160	38	that	that	SCONJ
ar-22395	160	39	“	"	PUNCT
ar-22395	160	40	it	it	PRON
ar-22395	160	41	is	be	AUX
ar-22395	160	42	not	not	PART
ar-22395	160	43	enough	enough	ADJ
ar-22395	160	44	to	to	PART
ar-22395	160	45	be	be	AUX
ar-22395	160	46	able	able	ADJ
ar-22395	160	47	to	to	PART
ar-22395	160	48	organize	organize	VERB
ar-22395	160	49	a	a	DET
ar-22395	160	50	successful	successful	ADJ
ar-22395	160	51	campaign	campaign	NOUN
ar-22395	160	52	around	around	ADP
ar-22395	160	53	union	union	NOUN
ar-22395	160	54	recognition	recognition	NOUN
ar-22395	160	55	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	160	56	pay	pay	NOUN
ar-22395	160	57	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	160	58	conditions	condition	NOUN
ar-22395	160	59	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	160	60	unions	union	NOUN
ar-22395	160	61	must	must	AUX
ar-22395	160	62	also	also	ADV
ar-22395	160	63	be	be	AUX
ar-22395	160	64	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	160	65	a	a	DET
ar-22395	160	66	position	position	NOUN
ar-22395	160	67	to	to	PART
ar-22395	160	68	protect	protect	VERB
ar-22395	160	69	their	their	PRON
ar-22395	160	70	activists	activist	NOUN
ar-22395	160	71	”	"	PUNCT
ar-22395	160	72	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	160	73	hearn	hearn	NOUN
ar-22395	160	74	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	160	75	bergos	bergo	NOUN
ar-22395	160	76	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	160	77	77	77	NUM
ar-22395	160	78	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	160	79	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	161	1	more	more	ADV
ar-22395	161	2	specifically	specifically	ADV
ar-22395	161	3	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	161	4	“	"	PUNCT
ar-22395	161	5	there	there	PRON
ar-22395	161	6	are	be	VERB
ar-22395	161	7	a	a	DET
ar-22395	161	8	number	number	NOUN
ar-22395	161	9	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	161	10	important	important	ADJ
ar-22395	161	11	lessons	lesson	NOUN
ar-22395	161	12	for	for	SCONJ
ar-22395	161	13	the	the	DET
ar-22395	161	14	trade	trade	NOUN
ar-22395	161	15	union	union	PROPN
ar-22395	161	16	movement	movement	NOUN
ar-22395	161	17	to	to	PART
ar-22395	161	18	learn	learn	VERB
ar-22395	161	19	;	;	PUNCT
ar-22395	161	20	namely	namely	ADV
ar-22395	161	21	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	161	22	the	the	DET
ar-22395	161	23	need	need	NOUN
ar-22395	161	24	to	to	PART
ar-22395	161	25	have	have	AUX
ar-22395	161	26	specific	specific	ADJ
ar-22395	161	27	legal	legal	ADJ
ar-22395	161	28	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	161	29	campaigning	campaigning	NOUN
ar-22395	161	30	strategies	strategy	NOUN
ar-22395	161	31	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	161	32	place	place	NOUN
ar-22395	161	33	to	to	PART
ar-22395	161	34	defend	defend	VERB
ar-22395	161	35	its	its	PRON
ar-22395	161	36	migrant	migrant	ADJ
ar-22395	161	37	activists	activist	NOUN
ar-22395	161	38	as	as	ADV
ar-22395	161	39	well	well	ADV
ar-22395	161	40	as	as	ADP
ar-22395	161	41	calling	call	VERB
ar-22395	161	42	for	for	ADP
ar-22395	161	43	the	the	DET
ar-22395	161	44	regularization	regularization	NOUN
ar-22395	161	45	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	161	46	‘	'	PUNCT
ar-22395	161	47	irregular	irregular	ADJ
ar-22395	161	48	’	'	PUNCT
ar-22395	161	49	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	161	50	”	"	PUNCT
ar-22395	161	51	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	161	52	hearn	hearn	NOUN
ar-22395	161	53	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	161	54	bergos	bergo	NOUN
ar-22395	161	55	2011	2011	NUM
ar-22395	161	56	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	161	57	65	65	NUM
ar-22395	161	58	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	161	59	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	162	1	‘	'	PUNCT
ar-22395	162	2	illegalized	illegalize	VERB
ar-22395	162	3	’	'	PUNCT
ar-22395	162	4	migrant	migrant	ADJ
ar-22395	162	5	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	162	6	|	|	ADV
ar-22395	162	7	121	121	NUM
ar-22395	162	8	temporary	temporary	ADJ
ar-22395	162	9	foreign	foreign	ADJ
ar-22395	162	10	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	162	11	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	162	12	the	the	DET
ar-22395	162	13	rise	rise	NOUN
ar-22395	162	14	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	162	15	low­wage	low­wage	NOUN
ar-22395	162	16	illegalized	illegalize	VERB
ar-22395	162	17	work	work	NOUN
ar-22395	162	18	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	162	19	canada	canada	PROPN
ar-22395	162	20	canada	canada	PROPN
ar-22395	162	21	’s	’s	PART
ar-22395	162	22	growing	grow	VERB
ar-22395	162	23	temporary	temporary	ADJ
ar-22395	162	24	foreign	foreign	ADJ
ar-22395	162	25	worker	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	162	26	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	162	27	tfw	tfw	PROPN
ar-22395	162	28	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	162	29	program	program	NOUN
ar-22395	162	30	is	be	AUX
ar-22395	162	31	a	a	DET
ar-22395	162	32	prime	prime	ADJ
ar-22395	162	33	example	example	NOUN
ar-22395	162	34	the	the	DET
ar-22395	162	35	use	use	NOUN
ar-22395	162	36	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	162	37	cheap	cheap	ADJ
ar-22395	162	38	vulnerable	vulnerable	ADJ
ar-22395	162	39	migrant	migrant	ADJ
ar-22395	162	40	labour	labour	NOUN
ar-22395	162	41	to	to	PART
ar-22395	162	42	perform	perform	VERB
ar-22395	162	43	expanding	expand	VERB
ar-22395	162	44	shares	share	NOUN
ar-22395	162	45	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	162	46	the	the	DET
ar-22395	162	47	low	low	ADJ
ar-22395	162	48	skilled	skilled	ADJ
ar-22395	162	49	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	162	50	poorly	poorly	ADV
ar-22395	162	51	paid	pay	VERB
ar-22395	162	52	work	work	NOUN
ar-22395	162	53	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	162	54	the	the	DET
ar-22395	162	55	economy	economy	NOUN
ar-22395	162	56	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	163	1	rooted	root	VERB
ar-22395	163	2	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	163	3	the	the	DET
ar-22395	163	4	1973	1973	NUM
ar-22395	163	5	non­immigrant	non­immigrant	ADJ
ar-22395	163	6	employment	employment	NOUN
ar-22395	163	7	authorization	authorization	NOUN
ar-22395	163	8	program	program	NOUN
ar-22395	163	9	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	163	10	nieap	nieap	ADJ
ar-22395	163	11	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	163	12	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	163	13	1966	1966	NUM
ar-22395	163	14	seasonal	seasonal	ADJ
ar-22395	163	15	agricultural	agricultural	ADJ
ar-22395	163	16	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	163	17	program	program	NOUN
ar-22395	163	18	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	163	19	sawp	sawp	NOUN
ar-22395	163	20	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	163	21	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	163	22	canada	canada	PROPN
ar-22395	163	23	’s	’s	PART
ar-22395	163	24	tfw	tfw	PROPN
ar-22395	163	25	program	program	NOUN
ar-22395	163	26	has	have	AUX
ar-22395	163	27	rapidly	rapidly	ADV
ar-22395	163	28	expanded	expand	VERB
ar-22395	163	29	during	during	ADP
ar-22395	163	30	recent	recent	ADJ
ar-22395	163	31	decades	decade	NOUN
ar-22395	163	32	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	164	1	while	while	SCONJ
ar-22395	164	2	69,901	69,901	NUM
ar-22395	164	3	tfws	tfws	NOUN
ar-22395	164	4	were	be	AUX
ar-22395	164	5	employed	employ	VERB
ar-22395	164	6	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	164	7	canada	canada	PROPN
ar-22395	164	8	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	164	9	1973	1973	NUM
ar-22395	164	10	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	164	11	agriculture	agriculture	NOUN
ar-22395	164	12	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	164	13	by	by	ADP
ar-22395	164	14	2012	2012	NUM
ar-22395	164	15	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	164	16	338,221	338,221	NUM
ar-22395	164	17	tfws	tfws	NOUN
ar-22395	164	18	were	be	AUX
ar-22395	164	19	employed	employ	VERB
ar-22395	164	20	across	across	ADP
ar-22395	164	21	canada	canada	PROPN
ar-22395	164	22	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	164	23	agricultural	agricultural	ADJ
ar-22395	164	24	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	164	25	domestic	domestic	ADJ
ar-22395	164	26	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	164	27	live­in	live­in	PROPN
ar-22395	164	28	caregiving	caregiving	NOUN
ar-22395	164	29	work	work	NOUN
ar-22395	164	30	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	164	31	food	food	NOUN
ar-22395	164	32	processing	processing	NOUN
ar-22395	164	33	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	164	34	catering	catering	NOUN
ar-22395	164	35	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	164	36	fast­food	fast­food	NOUN
ar-22395	164	37	services	service	NOUN
ar-22395	164	38	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	164	39	hotel	hotel	NOUN
ar-22395	164	40	housekeeping	housekeeping	NOUN
ar-22395	164	41	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	164	42	services	service	NOUN
ar-22395	164	43	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	164	44	engineering	engineering	NOUN
ar-22395	164	45	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	164	46	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	164	47	construction	construction	NOUN
ar-22395	164	48	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	164	49	sharma	sharma	PROPN
ar-22395	164	50	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	164	51	2006	2006	NUM
ar-22395	164	52	;	;	PUNCT
ar-22395	164	53	curry	curry	NOUN
ar-22395	164	54	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	164	55	2014	2014	NUM
ar-22395	164	56	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	164	57	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	165	1	the	the	DET
ar-22395	165	2	tfw	tfw	PROPN
ar-22395	165	3	program	program	NOUN
ar-22395	165	4	is	be	AUX
ar-22395	165	5	projected	project	VERB
ar-22395	165	6	to	to	PART
ar-22395	165	7	continue	continue	VERB
ar-22395	165	8	to	to	PART
ar-22395	165	9	expand	expand	VERB
ar-22395	165	10	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	165	11	upcoming	upcoming	ADJ
ar-22395	165	12	decades	decade	NOUN
ar-22395	165	13	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	165	14	ilo	ilo	PROPN
ar-22395	165	15	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	165	16	2009	2009	NUM
ar-22395	165	17	;	;	PUNCT
ar-22395	165	18	sawchuk	sawchuk	PROPN
ar-22395	165	19	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	165	20	kempf	kempf	NOUN
ar-22395	165	21	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	165	22	2008	2008	NUM
ar-22395	165	23	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	165	24	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	166	1	prior	prior	ADV
ar-22395	166	2	to	to	ADP
ar-22395	166	3	the	the	DET
ar-22395	166	4	tfw	tfw	PROPN
ar-22395	166	5	program	program	NOUN
ar-22395	166	6	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	166	7	most	most	ADJ
ar-22395	166	8	migrants	migrant	NOUN
ar-22395	166	9	who	who	PRON
ar-22395	166	10	entered	enter	VERB
ar-22395	166	11	canada	canada	PROPN
ar-22395	166	12	to	to	ADP
ar-22395	166	13	work	work	NOUN
ar-22395	166	14	were	be	AUX
ar-22395	166	15	issued	issue	VERB
ar-22395	166	16	a	a	DET
ar-22395	166	17	“	"	PUNCT
ar-22395	166	18	permanent	permanent	ADJ
ar-22395	166	19	resident	resident	ADJ
ar-22395	166	20	status	status	NOUN
ar-22395	166	21	”	"	PUNCT
ar-22395	166	22	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	166	23	giving	give	VERB
ar-22395	166	24	them	they	PRON
ar-22395	166	25	access	access	NOUN
ar-22395	166	26	to	to	ADP
ar-22395	166	27	labour	labour	ADJ
ar-22395	166	28	rights	right	NOUN
ar-22395	166	29	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	166	30	enabling	enable	VERB
ar-22395	166	31	them	they	PRON
ar-22395	166	32	to	to	PART
ar-22395	166	33	eventually	eventually	ADV
ar-22395	166	34	apply	apply	VERB
ar-22395	166	35	for	for	ADP
ar-22395	166	36	citizenship	citizenship	NOUN
ar-22395	166	37	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	167	1	with	with	ADP
ar-22395	167	2	the	the	DET
ar-22395	167	3	implementation	implementation	NOUN
ar-22395	167	4	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	167	5	the	the	DET
ar-22395	167	6	tfw	tfw	NOUN
ar-22395	167	7	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	167	8	however	however	ADV
ar-22395	167	9	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	167	10	the	the	DET
ar-22395	167	11	canadian	canadian	ADJ
ar-22395	167	12	government	government	NOUN
ar-22395	167	13	began	begin	VERB
ar-22395	167	14	channeling	channel	VERB
ar-22395	167	15	migrant	migrant	ADJ
ar-22395	167	16	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	167	17	into	into	ADP
ar-22395	167	18	two	two	NUM
ar-22395	167	19	major	major	ADJ
ar-22395	167	20	status	status	NOUN
ar-22395	167	21	streams	stream	NOUN
ar-22395	167	22	:	:	PUNCT
ar-22395	167	23	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	167	24	1	1	X
ar-22395	167	25	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	167	26	a	a	DET
ar-22395	167	27	low­	low­	ADJ
ar-22395	167	28	skilled	skilled	ADJ
ar-22395	167	29	stream	stream	NOUN
ar-22395	167	30	that	that	PRON
ar-22395	167	31	issued	issue	VERB
ar-22395	167	32	“	"	PUNCT
ar-22395	167	33	temporary	temporary	ADJ
ar-22395	167	34	migration	migration	NOUN
ar-22395	167	35	status	status	NOUN
ar-22395	167	36	”	"	PUNCT
ar-22395	167	37	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	167	38	few	few	ADJ
ar-22395	167	39	real	real	ADJ
ar-22395	167	40	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
ar-22395	167	41	for	for	ADP
ar-22395	167	42	gaining	gain	VERB
ar-22395	167	43	citizenship	citizenship	NOUN
ar-22395	167	44	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	167	45	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	167	46	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	167	47	2	2	X
ar-22395	167	48	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	167	49	a	a	DET
ar-22395	167	50	high­skilled	high­skilled	ADJ
ar-22395	167	51	stream	stream	NOUN
ar-22395	167	52	that	that	PRON
ar-22395	167	53	offered	offer	VERB
ar-22395	167	54	pathways	pathway	NOUN
ar-22395	167	55	to	to	ADP
ar-22395	167	56	permanent	permanent	ADJ
ar-22395	167	57	resident	resident	ADJ
ar-22395	167	58	status	status	NOUN
ar-22395	167	59	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	167	60	eventually	eventually	ADV
ar-22395	167	61	citizenship	citizenship	NOUN
ar-22395	167	62	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	167	63	basok	basok	NOUN
ar-22395	167	64	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	167	65	2004	2004	NUM
ar-22395	167	66	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	167	67	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	168	1	unlike	unlike	ADP
ar-22395	168	2	the	the	DET
ar-22395	168	3	high­skilled	high­skille	VERB
ar-22395	168	4	immigrant	immigrant	ADJ
ar-22395	168	5	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	168	6	who	who	PRON
ar-22395	168	7	have	have	VERB
ar-22395	168	8	pathways	pathway	NOUN
ar-22395	168	9	to	to	ADP
ar-22395	168	10	citizenship	citizenship	NOUN
ar-22395	168	11	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	168	12	tfw	tfw	PROPN
ar-22395	168	13	low­skilled	low­skille	VERB
ar-22395	168	14	migrants	migrant	NOUN
ar-22395	168	15	’	'	PUNCT
ar-22395	168	16	are	be	AUX
ar-22395	168	17	treated	treat	VERB
ar-22395	168	18	as	as	ADP
ar-22395	168	19	disposable	disposable	ADJ
ar-22395	168	20	“	"	PUNCT
ar-22395	168	21	guest	guest	NOUN
ar-22395	168	22	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	168	23	”	"	PUNCT
ar-22395	168	24	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	168	25	subjecting	subject	VERB
ar-22395	168	26	them	they	PRON
ar-22395	168	27	to	to	ADP
ar-22395	168	28	exploitative	exploitative	ADJ
ar-22395	168	29	employment	employment	NOUN
ar-22395	168	30	conditions	condition	NOUN
ar-22395	168	31	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	168	32	binford	binford	NOUN
ar-22395	168	33	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	168	34	2009	2009	NUM
ar-22395	168	35	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	168	36	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	169	1	employers	employer	NOUN
ar-22395	169	2	continue	continue	VERB
ar-22395	169	3	to	to	PART
ar-22395	169	4	claim	claim	VERB
ar-22395	169	5	to	to	PART
ar-22395	169	6	need	need	VERB
ar-22395	169	7	temporary	temporary	ADJ
ar-22395	169	8	migrant	migrant	ADJ
ar-22395	169	9	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	169	10	because	because	SCONJ
ar-22395	169	11	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	169	12	labour	labour	NOUN
ar-22395	169	13	shortages	shortage	NOUN
ar-22395	169	14	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	169	15	low­wage	low­wage	NOUN
ar-22395	169	16	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	169	17	low­skilled	low­skilled	ADJ
ar-22395	169	18	work	work	NOUN
ar-22395	169	19	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	169	20	barnetson	barnetson	NOUN
ar-22395	169	21	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	169	22	foster	foster	ADJ
ar-22395	169	23	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	169	24	2013	2013	NUM
ar-22395	169	25	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	169	26	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	170	1	they	they	PRON
ar-22395	170	2	characterize	characterize	VERB
ar-22395	170	3	the	the	DET
ar-22395	170	4	tfw	tfw	PROPN
ar-22395	170	5	program	program	NOUN
ar-22395	170	6	as	as	ADP
ar-22395	170	7	a	a	DET
ar-22395	170	8	labourmarket	labourmarket	NOUN
ar-22395	170	9	necessity	necessity	NOUN
ar-22395	170	10	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	170	11	as	as	ADP
ar-22395	170	12	an	an	DET
ar-22395	170	13	opportunity	opportunity	NOUN
ar-22395	170	14	to	to	ADP
ar-22395	170	15	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	170	16	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	170	17	developing	develop	VERB
ar-22395	170	18	countries	country	NOUN
ar-22395	170	19	to	to	PART
ar-22395	170	20	earn	earn	VERB
ar-22395	170	21	valuable	valuable	ADJ
ar-22395	170	22	dollars	dollar	NOUN
ar-22395	170	23	to	to	PART
ar-22395	170	24	send	send	VERB
ar-22395	170	25	home	home	NOUN
ar-22395	170	26	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	171	1	however	however	ADV
ar-22395	171	2	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	171	3	the	the	DET
ar-22395	171	4	tfwprogramhas	tfwprogramha	NOUN
ar-22395	171	5	beenmore	beenmore	AUX
ar-22395	171	6	accurately	accurately	ADV
ar-22395	171	7	described	describe	VERB
ar-22395	171	8	as	as	ADP
ar-22395	171	9	a	a	DET
ar-22395	171	10	program	program	NOUN
ar-22395	171	11	that	that	PRON
ar-22395	171	12	bonds	bond	VERB
ar-22395	171	13	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	171	14	to	to	ADP
ar-22395	171	15	importing	import	VERB
ar-22395	171	16	particular	particular	ADJ
ar-22395	171	17	employer	employer	NOUN
ar-22395	171	18	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	171	19	sharma	sharma	PROPN
ar-22395	171	20	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	171	21	2006	2006	NUM
ar-22395	171	22	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	171	23	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	171	24	resulting	result	VERB
ar-22395	171	25	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	171	26	“	"	PUNCT
ar-22395	171	27	low	low	ADJ
ar-22395	171	28	wages	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	171	29	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	171	30	often	often	ADV
ar-22395	171	31	below	below	ADP
ar-22395	171	32	the	the	DET
ar-22395	171	33	minimum	minimum	NOUN
ar-22395	171	34	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	171	35	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	171	36	long	long	ADJ
ar-22395	171	37	hours	hour	NOUN
ar-22395	171	38	with	with	ADP
ar-22395	171	39	no	no	DET
ar-22395	171	40	overtime	overtime	NOUN
ar-22395	171	41	pay	pay	NOUN
ar-22395	171	42	;	;	PUNCT
ar-22395	171	43	dangerous	dangerous	ADJ
ar-22395	171	44	working	work	VERB
ar-22395	171	45	conditions	condition	NOUN
ar-22395	171	46	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	171	47	crowded	crowded	ADJ
ar-22395	171	48	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	171	49	unhealthy	unhealthy	ADJ
ar-22395	171	50	accommodation	accommodation	NOUN
ar-22395	171	51	;	;	PUNCT
ar-22395	171	52	denial	denial	NOUN
ar-22395	171	53	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	171	54	access	access	NOUN
ar-22395	171	55	to	to	ADP
ar-22395	171	56	public	public	ADJ
ar-22395	171	57	healthcare	healthcare	NOUN
ar-22395	171	58	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	171	59	employment	employment	NOUN
ar-22395	171	60	insurance	insurance	NOUN
ar-22395	171	61	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	171	62	despite	despite	SCONJ
ar-22395	171	63	paying	pay	VERB
ar-22395	171	64	into	into	ADP
ar-22395	171	65	the	the	DET
ar-22395	171	66	programs	program	NOUN
ar-22395	171	67	;	;	PUNCT
ar-22395	171	68	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	171	69	being	be	AUX
ar-22395	171	70	virtually	virtually	ADV
ar-22395	171	71	held	hold	VERB
ar-22395	171	72	captive	captive	ADJ
ar-22395	171	73	by	by	ADP
ar-22395	171	74	employers	employer	NOUN
ar-22395	171	75	or	or	CCONJ
ar-22395	171	76	contractors	contractor	NOUN
ar-22395	171	77	who	who	PRON
ar-22395	171	78	seize	seize	VERB
ar-22395	171	79	identification	identification	NOUN
ar-22395	171	80	documents	document	NOUN
ar-22395	171	81	”	"	PUNCT
ar-22395	171	82	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	171	83	walia	walia	PROPN
ar-22395	171	84	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	171	85	2012	2012	NUM
ar-22395	171	86	:	:	PUNCT
ar-22395	171	87	72	72	NUM
ar-22395	171	88	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	171	89	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	172	1	due	due	ADP
ar-22395	172	2	to	to	ADP
ar-22395	172	3	these	these	DET
ar-22395	172	4	labour	labour	ADJ
ar-22395	172	5	conditions	condition	NOUN
ar-22395	172	6	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	172	7	some	some	DET
ar-22395	172	8	tfws	tfws	NOUN
ar-22395	172	9	choose	choose	VERB
ar-22395	172	10	to	to	PART
ar-22395	172	11	leave	leave	VERB
ar-22395	172	12	their	their	PRON
ar-22395	172	13	employer	employer	NOUN
ar-22395	172	14	to	to	PART
ar-22395	172	15	seek	seek	VERB
ar-22395	172	16	employment	employment	NOUN
ar-22395	172	17	elsewhere	elsewhere	ADV
ar-22395	172	18	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	172	19	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	172	20	which	which	DET
ar-22395	172	21	case	case	NOUN
ar-22395	172	22	they	they	PRON
ar-22395	172	23	lose	lose	VERB
ar-22395	172	24	their	their	PRON
ar-22395	172	25	status	status	NOUN
ar-22395	172	26	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	172	27	canada	canada	PROPN
ar-22395	172	28	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	173	1	other	other	ADJ
ar-22395	173	2	tfws	tfws	NOUN
ar-22395	173	3	overstay	overstay	VERB
ar-22395	173	4	their	their	PRON
ar-22395	173	5	visas	visa	NOUN
ar-22395	173	6	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	174	1	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	174	2	both	both	DET
ar-22395	174	3	cases	case	NOUN
ar-22395	174	4	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	174	5	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	174	6	become	become	AUX
ar-22395	174	7	“	"	PUNCT
ar-22395	174	8	illegalized	illegalize	VERB
ar-22395	174	9	”	"	PUNCT
ar-22395	174	10	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	174	11	bauder	baud	ADJ
ar-22395	174	12	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	174	13	2013	2013	NUM
ar-22395	174	14	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	174	15	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	175	1	122	122	NUM
ar-22395	175	2	|	|	ADV
ar-22395	175	3	precarious	precarious	ADJ
ar-22395	175	4	work	work	NOUN
ar-22395	175	5	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	175	6	the	the	DET
ar-22395	175	7	struggle	struggle	NOUN
ar-22395	175	8	for	for	ADP
ar-22395	175	9	living	live	VERB
ar-22395	175	10	wages	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	175	11	there	there	PRON
ar-22395	175	12	are	be	VERB
ar-22395	175	13	other	other	ADJ
ar-22395	175	14	ways	way	NOUN
ar-22395	175	15	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	175	16	which	which	PRON
ar-22395	175	17	migrants	migrant	NOUN
ar-22395	175	18	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	175	19	refugees	refugee	NOUN
ar-22395	175	20	become	become	AUX
ar-22395	175	21	illegalized	illegalize	VERB
ar-22395	175	22	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	176	1	their	their	PRON
ar-22395	176	2	paperwork	paperwork	NOUN
ar-22395	176	3	can	can	AUX
ar-22395	176	4	become	become	VERB
ar-22395	176	5	lost	lose	VERB
ar-22395	176	6	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	176	7	the	the	DET
ar-22395	176	8	bureaucracy	bureaucracy	NOUN
ar-22395	176	9	;	;	PUNCT
ar-22395	176	10	their	their	PRON
ar-22395	176	11	application	application	NOUN
ar-22395	176	12	for	for	ADP
ar-22395	176	13	asylum	asylum	NOUN
ar-22395	176	14	may	may	AUX
ar-22395	176	15	be	be	AUX
ar-22395	176	16	;	;	PUNCT
ar-22395	176	17	or	or	CCONJ
ar-22395	176	18	they	they	PRON
ar-22395	176	19	can	can	AUX
ar-22395	176	20	cross	cross	VERB
ar-22395	176	21	the	the	DET
ar-22395	176	22	border	border	NOUN
ar-22395	176	23	without	without	ADP
ar-22395	176	24	the	the	DET
ar-22395	176	25	proper	proper	ADJ
ar-22395	176	26	documents	document	NOUN
ar-22395	176	27	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	176	28	bauder	baud	ADJ
ar-22395	176	29	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	176	30	2013	2013	NUM
ar-22395	176	31	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	176	32	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	177	1	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	177	2	canada	canada	PROPN
ar-22395	177	3	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	177	4	most	most	ADV
ar-22395	177	5	illegalized	illegalize	VERB
ar-22395	177	6	migrants	migrant	NOUN
ar-22395	177	7	likely	likely	ADV
ar-22395	177	8	entered	enter	VERB
ar-22395	177	9	the	the	DET
ar-22395	177	10	country	country	NOUN
ar-22395	177	11	with	with	ADP
ar-22395	177	12	legal	legal	ADJ
ar-22395	177	13	status	status	NOUN
ar-22395	177	14	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	177	15	some	some	DET
ar-22395	177	16	kind	kind	NOUN
ar-22395	177	17	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	177	18	marsden	marsden	PROPN
ar-22395	177	19	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	177	20	2012	2012	NUM
ar-22395	177	21	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	177	22	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	178	1	while	while	SCONJ
ar-22395	178	2	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	178	3	their	their	PRON
ar-22395	178	4	precise	precise	ADJ
ar-22395	178	5	number	number	NOUN
ar-22395	178	6	is	be	AUX
ar-22395	178	7	unknown	unknown	ADJ
ar-22395	178	8	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	178	9	reports	report	NOUN
ar-22395	178	10	estimate	estimate	VERB
ar-22395	178	11	that	that	SCONJ
ar-22395	178	12	the	the	DET
ar-22395	178	13	number	number	NOUN
ar-22395	178	14	ranges	range	VERB
ar-22395	178	15	from	from	ADP
ar-22395	178	16	80,000	80,000	NUM
ar-22395	178	17	to	to	ADP
ar-22395	178	18	500,000	500,000	NUM
ar-22395	178	19	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	178	20	with	with	ADP
ar-22395	178	21	half	half	NOUN
ar-22395	178	22	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	178	23	them	they	PRON
ar-22395	178	24	residing	reside	VERB
ar-22395	178	25	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	178	26	toronto	toronto	PROPN
ar-22395	178	27	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	178	28	magalhaes	magalhaes	PROPN
ar-22395	178	29	et	et	PROPN
ar-22395	178	30	al	al	PROPN
ar-22395	178	31	.	.	PROPN
ar-22395	178	32	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	178	33	2010	2010	NUM
ar-22395	178	34	;	;	PUNCT
ar-22395	178	35	mci	mci	NOUN
ar-22395	178	36	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	178	37	2012	2012	NUM
ar-22395	178	38	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	178	39	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	179	1	a	a	DET
ar-22395	179	2	2000	2000	NUM
ar-22395	179	3	rcmp	rcmp	NOUN
ar-22395	179	4	report	report	NOUN
ar-22395	179	5	further	far	ADV
ar-22395	179	6	estimated	estimate	VERB
ar-22395	179	7	that	that	SCONJ
ar-22395	179	8	approximately	approximately	ADV
ar-22395	179	9	15,000	15,000	NUM
ar-22395	179	10	migrants	migrant	NOUN
ar-22395	179	11	cross	cross	VERB
ar-22395	179	12	the	the	DET
ar-22395	179	13	us­canada	us­canada	NOUN
ar-22395	179	14	border	border	NOUN
ar-22395	179	15	annually	annually	ADV
ar-22395	179	16	without	without	ADP
ar-22395	179	17	proper	proper	ADJ
ar-22395	179	18	authorization	authorization	NOUN
ar-22395	179	19	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	179	20	oxman­martinez	oxman­martinez	NOUN
ar-22395	179	21	et	et	PROPN
ar-22395	179	22	al	al	PROPN
ar-22395	179	23	.	.	PROPN
ar-22395	179	24	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	179	25	2005	2005	NUM
ar-22395	179	26	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	179	27	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	180	1	the	the	DET
ar-22395	180	2	expanding	expand	VERB
ar-22395	180	3	tfw	tfw	PROPN
ar-22395	180	4	program	program	NOUN
ar-22395	180	5	will	will	AUX
ar-22395	180	6	likely	likely	ADV
ar-22395	180	7	contribute	contribute	VERB
ar-22395	180	8	to	to	ADP
ar-22395	180	9	an	an	DET
ar-22395	180	10	increase	increase	NOUN
ar-22395	180	11	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	180	12	illegalized	illegalize	VERB
ar-22395	180	13	migrants	migrant	NOUN
ar-22395	180	14	due	due	ADJ
ar-22395	180	15	to	to	ADP
ar-22395	180	16	an	an	DET
ar-22395	180	17	estimated	estimate	VERB
ar-22395	180	18	overstay	overstay	ADJ
ar-22395	180	19	rate	rate	NOUN
ar-22395	180	20	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	180	21	1.5%4	1.5%4	PROPN
ar-22395	180	22	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	180	23	basok	basok	NOUN
ar-22395	180	24	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	180	25	2007	2007	NUM
ar-22395	180	26	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	180	27	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	181	1	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	181	2	1976	1976	NUM
ar-22395	181	3	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	181	4	the	the	DET
ar-22395	181	5	canadian	canadian	PROPN
ar-22395	181	6	immigration	immigration	PROPN
ar-22395	181	7	act	act	NOUN
ar-22395	181	8	criminalized	criminalize	VERB
ar-22395	181	9	the	the	DET
ar-22395	181	10	employ­	employ­	NUM
ar-22395	181	11	ment	ment	NOUN
ar-22395	181	12	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	181	13	illegalized	illegalize	VERB
ar-22395	181	14	migrants	migrant	NOUN
ar-22395	181	15	through	through	ADP
ar-22395	181	16	employer	employer	NOUN
ar-22395	181	17	sanctions	sanction	NOUN
ar-22395	181	18	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	182	1	the	the	DET
ar-22395	182	2	crimi­	crimi­	PROPN
ar-22395	182	3	nalization	nalization	NOUN
ar-22395	182	4	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	182	5	employing	employ	VERB
ar-22395	182	6	illegalized	illegalize	VERB
ar-22395	182	7	migrants	migrant	NOUN
ar-22395	182	8	continued	continue	VERB
ar-22395	182	9	with	with	ADP
ar-22395	182	10	irpa	irpa	NOUN
ar-22395	182	11	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	182	12	2001	2001	NUM
ar-22395	182	13	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	182	14	which	which	PRON
ar-22395	182	15	states	state	VERB
ar-22395	182	16	that	that	SCONJ
ar-22395	182	17	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	182	18	“	"	PUNCT
ar-22395	182	19	every	every	DET
ar-22395	182	20	person	person	NOUN
ar-22395	182	21	commits	commit	VERB
ar-22395	182	22	an	an	DET
ar-22395	182	23	offence	offence	NOUN
ar-22395	182	24	who	who	PRON
ar-22395	182	25	…	…	PUNCT
ar-22395	182	26	employs	employ	VERB
ar-22395	182	27	a	a	DET
ar-22395	182	28	foreign	foreign	ADJ
ar-22395	182	29	national	national	NOUN
ar-22395	182	30	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	182	31	a	a	DET
ar-22395	182	32	capacity	capacity	NOUN
ar-22395	182	33	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	182	34	which	which	PRON
ar-22395	182	35	the	the	DET
ar-22395	182	36	foreign	foreign	ADJ
ar-22395	182	37	national	national	NOUN
ar-22395	182	38	is	be	AUX
ar-22395	182	39	not	not	PART
ar-22395	182	40	authorized	authorize	VERB
ar-22395	182	41	under	under	ADP
ar-22395	182	42	this	this	DET
ar-22395	182	43	act	act	NOUN
ar-22395	182	44	to	to	PART
ar-22395	182	45	be	be	AUX
ar-22395	182	46	employed	employ	VERB
ar-22395	182	47	”	"	PUNCT
ar-22395	182	48	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	183	1	while	while	SCONJ
ar-22395	183	2	employers	employer	NOUN
ar-22395	183	3	who	who	PRON
ar-22395	183	4	violate	violate	VERB
ar-22395	183	5	this	this	DET
ar-22395	183	6	law	law	NOUN
ar-22395	183	7	can	can	AUX
ar-22395	183	8	be	be	AUX
ar-22395	183	9	fined	fine	VERB
ar-22395	183	10	up	up	ADP
ar-22395	183	11	to	to	PART
ar-22395	183	12	$	$	SYM
ar-22395	183	13	50,000	50,000	NUM
ar-22395	183	14	or	or	CCONJ
ar-22395	183	15	imprisoned	imprison	VERB
ar-22395	183	16	for	for	ADP
ar-22395	183	17	up	up	ADP
ar-22395	183	18	to	to	PART
ar-22395	183	19	two	two	NUM
ar-22395	183	20	years	year	NOUN
ar-22395	183	21	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	183	22	employers	employer	NOUN
ar-22395	183	23	easily	easily	ADV
ar-22395	183	24	escape	escape	VERB
ar-22395	183	25	prosecution	prosecution	NOUN
ar-22395	183	26	if	if	SCONJ
ar-22395	183	27	they	they	PRON
ar-22395	183	28	conducted	conduct	VERB
ar-22395	183	29	“	"	PUNCT
ar-22395	183	30	due	due	ADJ
ar-22395	183	31	diligence	diligence	NOUN
ar-22395	183	32	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	183	33	”	"	PUNCT
ar-22395	183	34	for	for	ADP
ar-22395	183	35	example	example	NOUN
ar-22395	183	36	by	by	ADP
ar-22395	183	37	asking	ask	VERB
ar-22395	183	38	for	for	ADP
ar-22395	183	39	a	a	DET
ar-22395	183	40	sin	sin	NOUN
ar-22395	183	41	number	number	NOUN
ar-22395	183	42	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	183	43	when	when	SCONJ
ar-22395	183	44	hiring	hire	VERB
ar-22395	183	45	employees	employee	NOUN
ar-22395	183	46	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	183	47	library	library	NOUN
ar-22395	183	48	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	183	49	congress	congress	PROPN
ar-22395	183	50	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	183	51	2015	2015	NUM
ar-22395	183	52	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	183	53	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	184	1	illegalized	illegalize	VERB
ar-22395	184	2	migrant	migrant	ADJ
ar-22395	184	3	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	184	4	face	face	VERB
ar-22395	184	5	the	the	DET
ar-22395	184	6	real	real	ADJ
ar-22395	184	7	brunt	brunt	NOUN
ar-22395	184	8	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	184	9	sanctions	sanction	NOUN
ar-22395	184	10	as	as	SCONJ
ar-22395	184	11	they	they	PRON
ar-22395	184	12	are	be	AUX
ar-22395	184	13	subject	subject	ADJ
ar-22395	184	14	to	to	ADP
ar-22395	184	15	arrest	arrest	NOUN
ar-22395	184	16	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	184	17	deportation	deportation	NOUN
ar-22395	184	18	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	185	1	to	to	PART
ar-22395	185	2	evade	evade	VERB
ar-22395	185	3	the	the	DET
ar-22395	185	4	arm	arm	NOUN
ar-22395	185	5	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	185	6	the	the	DET
ar-22395	185	7	law	law	NOUN
ar-22395	185	8	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	185	9	they	they	PRON
ar-22395	185	10	become	become	VERB
ar-22395	185	11	extremely	extremely	ADV
ar-22395	185	12	vulnerable	vulnerable	ADJ
ar-22395	185	13	to	to	ADP
ar-22395	185	14	employer	employer	NOUN
ar-22395	185	15	abuse	abuse	NOUN
ar-22395	185	16	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	185	17	exploitation	exploitation	NOUN
ar-22395	185	18	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	186	1	american	american	ADJ
ar-22395	186	2	studies	study	NOUN
ar-22395	186	3	have	have	AUX
ar-22395	186	4	found	find	VERB
ar-22395	186	5	that	that	SCONJ
ar-22395	186	6	us	us	PROPN
ar-22395	186	7	immigration	immigration	NOUN
ar-22395	186	8	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	186	9	border	border	NOUN
ar-22395	186	10	policies	policy	NOUN
ar-22395	186	11	enacted	enact	VERB
ar-22395	186	12	between	between	ADP
ar-22395	186	13	1985	1985	NUM
ar-22395	186	14	to	to	ADP
ar-22395	186	15	2010	2010	NUM
ar-22395	186	16	increased	increase	VERB
ar-22395	186	17	the	the	DET
ar-22395	186	18	vulnerability	vulnerability	NOUN
ar-22395	186	19	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	186	20	undercut	undercut	ADJ
ar-22395	186	21	bargaining	bargaining	NOUN
ar-22395	186	22	power	power	NOUN
ar-22395	186	23	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	186	24	the	the	DET
ar-22395	186	25	lower	low	ADJ
ar-22395	186	26	segment	segment	NOUN
ar-22395	186	27	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	186	28	the	the	DET
ar-22395	186	29	labour	labour	ADJ
ar-22395	186	30	force	force	NOUN
ar-22395	186	31	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	186	32	where	where	SCONJ
ar-22395	186	33	many	many	ADJ
ar-22395	186	34	illegalized	illegalize	VERB
ar-22395	186	35	migrants	migrant	NOUN
ar-22395	186	36	work	work	VERB
ar-22395	186	37	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	186	38	massey	massey	NOUN
ar-22395	186	39	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	186	40	gentsch	gentsch	PROPN
ar-22395	186	41	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	186	42	2014	2014	NUM
ar-22395	186	43	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	186	44	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	187	1	once	once	ADV
ar-22395	187	2	contacted	contact	VERB
ar-22395	187	3	by	by	ADP
ar-22395	187	4	a	a	DET
ar-22395	187	5	disgruntled	disgruntle	VERB
ar-22395	187	6	employer	employer	NOUN
ar-22395	187	7	or	or	CCONJ
ar-22395	187	8	employee	employee	NOUN
ar-22395	187	9	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	187	10	immigration	immigration	NOUN
ar-22395	187	11	officials	official	NOUN
ar-22395	187	12	conduct	conduct	VERB
ar-22395	187	13	worksite	worksite	ADJ
ar-22395	187	14	raids	raid	NOUN
ar-22395	187	15	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	187	16	whereby	whereby	SCONJ
ar-22395	187	17	they	they	PRON
ar-22395	187	18	arrest	arrest	VERB
ar-22395	187	19	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	187	20	detain	detain	VERB
ar-22395	187	21	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	187	22	and/or	and/or	CCONJ
ar-22395	187	23	deport	deport	VERB
ar-22395	187	24	illegalized	illegalize	VERB
ar-22395	187	25	migrant	migrant	ADJ
ar-22395	187	26	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	187	27	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	187	28	smith	smith	PROPN
ar-22395	187	29	et	et	PROPN
ar-22395	187	30	al	al	PROPN
ar-22395	187	31	.	.	PROPN
ar-22395	187	32	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	187	33	2009	2009	NUM
ar-22395	187	34	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	187	35	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	188	1	although	although	SCONJ
ar-22395	188	2	illegalized	illegalize	VERB
ar-22395	188	3	migrants	migrant	NOUN
ar-22395	188	4	are	be	AUX
ar-22395	188	5	formally	formally	ADV
ar-22395	188	6	be	be	AUX
ar-22395	188	7	protected	protect	VERB
ar-22395	188	8	by	by	ADP
ar-22395	188	9	labour	labour	ADJ
ar-22395	188	10	rights	right	NOUN
ar-22395	188	11	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	188	12	fear	fear	NOUN
ar-22395	188	13	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	188	14	employer	employer	NOUN
ar-22395	188	15	retaliation	retaliation	NOUN
ar-22395	188	16	usually	usually	ADV
ar-22395	188	17	prevents	prevent	VERB
ar-22395	188	18	them	they	PRON
ar-22395	188	19	from	from	ADP
ar-22395	188	20	accessing	access	VERB
ar-22395	188	21	these	these	DET
ar-22395	188	22	rights	right	NOUN
ar-22395	188	23	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	188	24	mondragon	mondragon	PROPN
ar-22395	188	25	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	188	26	2011	2011	NUM
ar-22395	188	27	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	188	28	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	189	1	employers	employer	NOUN
ar-22395	189	2	therefore	therefore	ADV
ar-22395	189	3	continue	continue	VERB
ar-22395	189	4	to	to	PART
ar-22395	189	5	super­exploit	super­exploit	ADJ
ar-22395	189	6	illegalized	illegalize	VERB
ar-22395	189	7	migrants	migrant	NOUN
ar-22395	189	8	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	189	9	the	the	DET
ar-22395	189	10	us	us	PROPN
ar-22395	189	11	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	189	12	braker	braker	NOUN
ar-22395	189	13	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	189	14	2012­2013	2012­2013	NUM
ar-22395	189	15	;	;	PUNCT
ar-22395	189	16	heyman	heyman	NOUN
ar-22395	189	17	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	189	18	1998	1998	NUM
ar-22395	189	19	;	;	PUNCT
ar-22395	189	20	smith	smith	PROPN
ar-22395	189	21	et	et	PROPN
ar-22395	189	22	al	al	PROPN
ar-22395	189	23	.	.	PROPN
ar-22395	189	24	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	189	25	2009	2009	NUM
ar-22395	189	26	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	189	27	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	189	28	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	189	29	findings	finding	NOUN
ar-22395	189	30	from	from	ADP
ar-22395	189	31	studies	study	NOUN
ar-22395	189	32	conducted	conduct	VERB
ar-22395	189	33	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	189	34	canada	canada	PROPN
ar-22395	189	35	indicate	indicate	VERB
ar-22395	189	36	that	that	SCONJ
ar-22395	189	37	illegalized	illegalize	VERB
ar-22395	189	38	migrants	migrant	NOUN
ar-22395	189	39	may	may	AUX
ar-22395	189	40	be	be	AUX
ar-22395	189	41	facing	face	VERB
ar-22395	189	42	a	a	DET
ar-22395	189	43	similar	similar	ADJ
ar-22395	189	44	situation	situation	NOUN
ar-22395	189	45	here	here	ADV
ar-22395	189	46	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	189	47	goldring	goldring	NOUN
ar-22395	189	48	&	&	CCONJ
ar-22395	189	49	landolt	landolt	PROPN
ar-22395	189	50	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	189	51	2012	2012	NUM
ar-22395	189	52	;	;	PUNCT
ar-22395	189	53	magalhaes	magalhae	NOUN
ar-22395	189	54	et	et	PROPN
ar-22395	189	55	al	al	PROPN
ar-22395	189	56	.	.	PROPN
ar-22395	189	57	;	;	PUNCT
ar-22395	189	58	monsebraaten	monsebraaten	VERB
ar-22395	189	59	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	189	60	2009	2009	NUM
ar-22395	189	61	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	189	62	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	190	1	4	4	NUM
ar-22395	190	2	this	this	DET
ar-22395	190	3	rate	rate	NOUN
ar-22395	190	4	would	would	AUX
ar-22395	190	5	likely	likely	ADV
ar-22395	190	6	also	also	ADV
ar-22395	190	7	increase	increase	VERB
ar-22395	190	8	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	190	9	the	the	DET
ar-22395	190	10	case	case	NOUN
ar-22395	190	11	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	190	12	a	a	DET
ar-22395	190	13	major	major	ADJ
ar-22395	190	14	economic	economic	ADJ
ar-22395	190	15	downturn	downturn	NOUN
ar-22395	190	16	where	where	SCONJ
ar-22395	190	17	tfws	tfws	NOUN
ar-22395	190	18	come	come	VERB
ar-22395	190	19	to	to	PART
ar-22395	190	20	be	be	AUX
ar-22395	190	21	laid	lay	VERB
ar-22395	190	22	off	off	ADP
ar-22395	190	23	by	by	ADP
ar-22395	190	24	their	their	PRON
ar-22395	190	25	sponsoring	sponsor	VERB
ar-22395	190	26	employer	employer	NOUN
ar-22395	190	27	before	before	ADP
ar-22395	190	28	the	the	DET
ar-22395	190	29	expiry	expiry	NOUN
ar-22395	190	30	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	190	31	their	their	PRON
ar-22395	190	32	contract	contract	NOUN
ar-22395	190	33	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	190	34	as	as	ADP
ar-22395	190	35	with	with	ADP
ar-22395	190	36	the	the	DET
ar-22395	190	37	recent	recent	ADJ
ar-22395	190	38	depression	depression	NOUN
ar-22395	190	39	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	190	40	commodity	commodity	NOUN
ar-22395	190	41	prices	price	NOUN
ar-22395	190	42	such	such	ADJ
ar-22395	190	43	as	as	ADP
ar-22395	190	44	oil	oil	NOUN
ar-22395	190	45	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	191	1	‘	'	PUNCT
ar-22395	191	2	illegalized	illegalize	VERB
ar-22395	191	3	’	'	PUNCT
ar-22395	191	4	migrant	migrant	ADJ
ar-22395	191	5	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	191	6	|	|	ADV
ar-22395	191	7	123	123	NUM
ar-22395	191	8	researchers	researcher	NOUN
ar-22395	191	9	have	have	AUX
ar-22395	191	10	therefore	therefore	ADV
ar-22395	191	11	argued	argue	VERB
ar-22395	191	12	that	that	SCONJ
ar-22395	191	13	most	most	ADV
ar-22395	191	14	important	important	ADJ
ar-22395	191	15	functions	function	NOUN
ar-22395	191	16	served	serve	VERB
ar-22395	191	17	by	by	ADP
ar-22395	191	18	the	the	DET
ar-22395	191	19	illegal	illegal	ADJ
ar-22395	191	20	population	population	NOUN
ar-22395	191	21	is	be	AUX
ar-22395	191	22	political	political	ADJ
ar-22395	191	23	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	191	24	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	191	25	resides	reside	VERB
ar-22395	191	26	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	191	27	illegalized	illegalize	VERB
ar-22395	191	28	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	191	29	’	’	PART
ar-22395	191	30	vulnerability	vulnerability	NOUN
ar-22395	191	31	to	to	ADP
ar-22395	191	32	employers	employer	NOUN
ar-22395	191	33	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	191	34	who	who	PRON
ar-22395	191	35	can	can	AUX
ar-22395	191	36	control	control	VERB
ar-22395	191	37	them	they	PRON
ar-22395	191	38	easily	easily	ADV
ar-22395	191	39	due	due	ADP
ar-22395	191	40	to	to	ADP
ar-22395	191	41	their	their	PRON
ar-22395	191	42	lack	lack	NOUN
ar-22395	191	43	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	191	44	formal	formal	ADJ
ar-22395	191	45	legal	legal	ADJ
ar-22395	191	46	status	status	NOUN
ar-22395	191	47	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	191	48	grasmuck	grasmuck	NOUN
ar-22395	191	49	1984	1984	NUM
ar-22395	191	50	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	191	51	rivera­batiz	rivera­batiz	NOUN
ar-22395	191	52	1999	1999	NUM
ar-22395	191	53	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	191	54	champlin	champlin	PROPN
ar-22395	191	55	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	191	56	hake	hake	NOUN
ar-22395	191	57	2006	2006	NUM
ar-22395	191	58	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	191	59	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	192	1	furthermore	furthermore	ADV
ar-22395	192	2	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	192	3	employers	employer	NOUN
ar-22395	192	4	prefer	prefer	VERB
ar-22395	192	5	illegalized	illegalize	VERB
ar-22395	192	6	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	192	7	during	during	ADP
ar-22395	192	8	phases	phase	NOUN
ar-22395	192	9	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	192	10	rapid	rapid	ADJ
ar-22395	192	11	industrial	industrial	ADJ
ar-22395	192	12	transformation	transformation	NOUN
ar-22395	192	13	because	because	SCONJ
ar-22395	192	14	their	their	PRON
ar-22395	192	15	lack	lack	NOUN
ar-22395	192	16	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	192	17	legal	legal	ADJ
ar-22395	192	18	protection	protection	NOUN
ar-22395	192	19	prevents	prevent	VERB
ar-22395	192	20	them	they	PRON
ar-22395	192	21	from	from	ADP
ar-22395	192	22	unionizing	unionize	VERB
ar-22395	192	23	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	192	24	protesting	protest	VERB
ar-22395	192	25	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	192	26	erosion	erosion	NOUN
ar-22395	192	27	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	192	28	morales	morale	NOUN
ar-22395	192	29	1983­1984	1983­1984	NUM
ar-22395	192	30	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	192	31	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	193	1	"	"	PUNCT
ar-22395	193	2	the	the	DET
ar-22395	193	3	category	category	NOUN
ar-22395	193	4	‘	'	PUNCT
ar-22395	193	5	illegal	illegal	ADJ
ar-22395	193	6	alien	alien	NOUN
ar-22395	193	7	’	'	PUNCT
ar-22395	193	8	is	be	AUX
ar-22395	193	9	[	[	X
ar-22395	193	10	therefore	therefore	X
ar-22395	193	11	]	]	X
ar-22395	193	12	a	a	DET
ar-22395	193	13	profoundly	profoundly	ADV
ar-22395	193	14	useful	useful	ADJ
ar-22395	193	15	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	193	16	profitable	profitable	ADJ
ar-22395	193	17	one	one	NOUN
ar-22395	193	18	that	that	PRON
ar-22395	193	19	effectively	effectively	ADV
ar-22395	193	20	serves	serve	VERB
ar-22395	193	21	to	to	PART
ar-22395	193	22	create	create	VERB
ar-22395	193	23	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	193	24	sustain	sustain	VERB
ar-22395	193	25	a	a	DET
ar-22395	193	26	legally	legally	ADV
ar-22395	193	27	vulnerable	vulnerable	ADJ
ar-22395	193	28	–	–	PUNCT
ar-22395	193	29	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	193	30	hence	hence	ADV
ar-22395	193	31	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	193	32	relatively	relatively	ADV
ar-22395	193	33	tractable	tractable	ADJ
ar-22395	193	34	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	193	35	thus	thus	ADV
ar-22395	193	36	‘	'	PUNCT
ar-22395	193	37	cheap	cheap	ADJ
ar-22395	193	38	’	'	PUNCT
ar-22395	193	39	–	–	PUNCT
ar-22395	193	40	reserve	reserve	NOUN
ar-22395	193	41	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	193	42	labor	labor	NOUN
ar-22395	193	43	"	"	PUNCT
ar-22395	193	44	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	193	45	de	de	X
ar-22395	193	46	genova	genova	NUM
ar-22395	193	47	2002	2002	NUM
ar-22395	193	48	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	193	49	440	440	NUM
ar-22395	193	50	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	193	51	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	194	1	the	the	DET
ar-22395	194	2	lack	lack	NOUN
ar-22395	194	3	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	194	4	status	status	NOUN
ar-22395	194	5	prevents	prevent	VERB
ar-22395	194	6	migrants	migrant	NOUN
ar-22395	194	7	from	from	ADP
ar-22395	194	8	competing	compete	VERB
ar-22395	194	9	for	for	ADP
ar-22395	194	10	employment	employment	NOUN
ar-22395	194	11	with	with	ADP
ar-22395	194	12	native­	native­	NUM
ar-22395	194	13	born	bear	VERB
ar-22395	194	14	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	194	15	legal	legal	ADJ
ar-22395	194	16	immigrants	immigrant	NOUN
ar-22395	194	17	on	on	ADP
ar-22395	194	18	the	the	DET
ar-22395	194	19	same	same	ADJ
ar-22395	194	20	terms	term	NOUN
ar-22395	194	21	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	194	22	conditions	condition	NOUN
ar-22395	194	23	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	195	1	instead	instead	ADV
ar-22395	195	2	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	195	3	they	they	PRON
ar-22395	195	4	are	be	AUX
ar-22395	195	5	bonded	bond	VERB
ar-22395	195	6	to	to	ADP
ar-22395	195	7	employers	employer	NOUN
ar-22395	195	8	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	195	9	forced	force	VERB
ar-22395	195	10	into	into	ADP
ar-22395	195	11	accepting	accept	VERB
ar-22395	195	12	greatly	greatly	ADV
ar-22395	195	13	inequitable	inequitable	ADJ
ar-22395	195	14	remuneration	remuneration	NOUN
ar-22395	195	15	for	for	ADP
ar-22395	195	16	their	their	PRON
ar-22395	195	17	work	work	NOUN
ar-22395	195	18	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	195	19	kept	keep	VERB
ar-22395	195	20	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	195	21	low­paying	low­paye	VERB
ar-22395	195	22	occupations	occupation	NOUN
ar-22395	195	23	that	that	PRON
ar-22395	195	24	legal	legal	ADJ
ar-22395	195	25	residents	resident	NOUN
ar-22395	195	26	would	would	AUX
ar-22395	195	27	not	not	PART
ar-22395	195	28	accept	accept	VERB
ar-22395	195	29	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	195	30	donato	donato	PROPN
ar-22395	195	31	et	et	PROPN
ar-22395	195	32	al	al	PROPN
ar-22395	195	33	.	.	PROPN
ar-22395	195	34	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	195	35	1992	1992	NUM
ar-22395	195	36	;	;	PUNCT
ar-22395	195	37	gentsch	gentsch	NOUN
ar-22395	195	38	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	195	39	massey	massey	PROPN
ar-22395	195	40	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	195	41	2012	2012	NUM
ar-22395	195	42	;	;	PUNCT
ar-22395	195	43	gomberg­munoz	gomberg­munoz	NOUN
ar-22395	195	44	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	195	45	nussbaum­barberena	nussbaum­barberena	NOUN
ar-22395	195	46	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	195	47	2011	2011	NUM
ar-22395	195	48	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	195	49	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	196	1	the	the	DET
ar-22395	196	2	living	live	VERB
ar-22395	196	3	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	196	4	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	196	5	the	the	DET
ar-22395	196	6	struggle	struggle	NOUN
ar-22395	196	7	for	for	ADP
ar-22395	196	8	the	the	DET
ar-22395	196	9	protection	protection	NOUN
ar-22395	196	10	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	196	11	illegalized	illegalize	VERB
ar-22395	196	12	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	196	13	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	196	14	toronto	toronto	PROPN
ar-22395	196	15	similar	similar	ADJ
ar-22395	196	16	to	to	ADP
ar-22395	196	17	the	the	DET
ar-22395	196	18	us	us	PROPN
ar-22395	196	19	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	196	20	uk	uk	PROPN
ar-22395	196	21	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	196	22	canada	canada	PROPN
ar-22395	196	23	’s	’s	PART
ar-22395	196	24	labour	labour	ADJ
ar-22395	196	25	market	market	NOUN
ar-22395	196	26	policies	policy	NOUN
ar-22395	196	27	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	196	28	practices	practice	NOUN
ar-22395	196	29	have	have	AUX
ar-22395	196	30	shifted	shift	VERB
ar-22395	196	31	dramatically	dramatically	ADV
ar-22395	196	32	during	during	ADP
ar-22395	196	33	the	the	DET
ar-22395	196	34	past	past	ADJ
ar-22395	196	35	few	few	ADJ
ar-22395	196	36	decades	decade	NOUN
ar-22395	196	37	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	196	38	resulting	result	VERB
ar-22395	196	39	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	196	40	the	the	DET
ar-22395	196	41	polarization	polarization	NOUN
ar-22395	196	42	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	196	43	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	196	44	’	’	PART
ar-22395	196	45	income	income	NOUN
ar-22395	196	46	levels	level	NOUN
ar-22395	196	47	especially	especially	ADV
ar-22395	196	48	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	196	49	cities	city	NOUN
ar-22395	196	50	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	196	51	hulchanski	hulchanski	PROPN
ar-22395	196	52	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	196	53	2010	2010	NUM
ar-22395	196	54	;	;	PUNCT
ar-22395	196	55	lewchuk	lewchuk	PROPN
ar-22395	196	56	et	et	PROPN
ar-22395	196	57	al	al	PROPN
ar-22395	196	58	.	.	PROPN
ar-22395	196	59	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	196	60	2015	2015	NUM
ar-22395	196	61	;	;	PUNCT
ar-22395	196	62	oecd	oecd	PROPN
ar-22395	196	63	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	196	64	2011	2011	NUM
ar-22395	196	65	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	196	66	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	197	1	without	without	ADP
ar-22395	197	2	intervention	intervention	NOUN
ar-22395	197	3	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	197	4	projections	projection	NOUN
ar-22395	197	5	indicate	indicate	VERB
ar-22395	197	6	that	that	SCONJ
ar-22395	197	7	60	60	NUM
ar-22395	197	8	%	%	NOUN
ar-22395	197	9	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	197	10	toronto	toronto	PROPN
ar-22395	197	11	neighbourhoods	neighbourhood	NOUN
ar-22395	197	12	will	will	AUX
ar-22395	197	13	be	be	AUX
ar-22395	197	14	low	low	ADJ
ar-22395	197	15	or	or	CCONJ
ar-22395	197	16	very	very	ADV
ar-22395	197	17	low­income	low­income	ADJ
ar-22395	197	18	neighbourhoods	neighbourhood	NOUN
ar-22395	197	19	by	by	ADP
ar-22395	197	20	2025	2025	NUM
ar-22395	197	21	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	197	22	threatening	threaten	VERB
ar-22395	197	23	social	social	ADJ
ar-22395	197	24	cohesion	cohesion	NOUN
ar-22395	197	25	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	197	26	the	the	DET
ar-22395	197	27	overall	overall	ADJ
ar-22395	197	28	inclusiveness	inclusiveness	NOUN
ar-22395	197	29	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	197	30	health	health	NOUN
ar-22395	197	31	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	197	32	the	the	DET
ar-22395	197	33	city	city	NOUN
ar-22395	197	34	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	197	35	city	city	NOUN
ar-22395	197	36	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	197	37	toronto	toronto	PROPN
ar-22395	197	38	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	197	39	2011	2011	NUM
ar-22395	197	40	;	;	PUNCT
ar-22395	197	41	hulchanski	hulchanski	NOUN
ar-22395	197	42	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	197	43	2010	2010	NUM
ar-22395	197	44	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	197	45	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	198	1	illegalized	illegalize	VERB
ar-22395	198	2	migrants	migrant	NOUN
ar-22395	198	3	are	be	AUX
ar-22395	198	4	particularly	particularly	ADV
ar-22395	198	5	susceptible	susceptible	ADJ
ar-22395	198	6	to	to	ADP
ar-22395	198	7	employer	employer	NOUN
ar-22395	198	8	exploitation	exploitation	NOUN
ar-22395	198	9	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	199	1	they	they	PRON
ar-22395	199	2	often	often	ADV
ar-22395	199	3	work	work	VERB
ar-22395	199	4	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	199	5	poor	poor	ADJ
ar-22395	199	6	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	199	7	unsafe	unsafe	ADJ
ar-22395	199	8	work	work	NOUN
ar-22395	199	9	conditions	condition	NOUN
ar-22395	199	10	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	199	11	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	199	12	do	do	AUX
ar-22395	199	13	not	not	PART
ar-22395	199	14	receive	receive	VERB
ar-22395	199	15	protection	protection	NOUN
ar-22395	199	16	against	against	ADP
ar-22395	199	17	unfair	unfair	ADJ
ar-22395	199	18	labour	labour	NOUN
ar-22395	199	19	practices	practice	NOUN
ar-22395	199	20	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	199	21	goldring	goldring	NOUN
ar-22395	199	22	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	199	23	landolt	landolt	NOUN
ar-22395	199	24	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	199	25	2012	2012	NUM
ar-22395	199	26	;	;	PUNCT
ar-22395	199	27	magalhaes	magalhae	NOUN
ar-22395	199	28	et	et	PROPN
ar-22395	199	29	al	al	PROPN
ar-22395	199	30	.	.	PROPN
ar-22395	199	31	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	199	32	2010	2010	NUM
ar-22395	199	33	;	;	PUNCT
ar-22395	199	34	sidhu	sidhu	NOUN
ar-22395	199	35	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	199	36	2013	2013	NUM
ar-22395	199	37	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	199	38	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	200	1	to	to	PART
ar-22395	200	2	counteract	counteract	VERB
ar-22395	200	3	these	these	DET
ar-22395	200	4	trends	trend	NOUN
ar-22395	200	5	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	200	6	living­wage	living­wage	NOUN
ar-22395	200	7	campaigns	campaign	NOUN
ar-22395	200	8	have	have	AUX
ar-22395	200	9	emerged	emerge	VERB
ar-22395	200	10	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	200	11	canadian	canadian	ADJ
ar-22395	200	12	municipalities	municipality	NOUN
ar-22395	200	13	such	such	ADJ
ar-22395	200	14	as	as	ADP
ar-22395	200	15	toronto	toronto	PROPN
ar-22395	200	16	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	200	17	vancouver	vancouver	PROPN
ar-22395	200	18	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	201	1	unlike	unlike	ADP
ar-22395	201	2	cities	city	NOUN
ar-22395	201	3	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	201	4	the	the	DET
ar-22395	201	5	us	us	PROPN
ar-22395	201	6	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	201	7	however	however	ADV
ar-22395	201	8	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	201	9	explicit	explicit	ADJ
ar-22395	201	10	living	living	NOUN
ar-22395	201	11	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	201	12	ordinances	ordinance	NOUN
ar-22395	201	13	have	have	AUX
ar-22395	201	14	not	not	PART
ar-22395	201	15	to	to	PART
ar-22395	201	16	date	date	NOUN
ar-22395	201	17	been	be	AUX
ar-22395	201	18	passed	pass	VERB
ar-22395	201	19	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	201	20	canadian	canadian	ADJ
ar-22395	201	21	cities	city	NOUN
ar-22395	201	22	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	201	23	pei	pei	PROPN
ar-22395	201	24	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	201	25	2015	2015	NUM
ar-22395	201	26	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	201	27	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	202	1	canada	canada	PROPN
ar-22395	202	2	’s	’s	PART
ar-22395	202	3	first	first	ADJ
ar-22395	202	4	living­wage	living­wage	NOUN
ar-22395	202	5	campaign	campaign	NOUN
ar-22395	202	6	was	be	AUX
ar-22395	202	7	officially	officially	ADV
ar-22395	202	8	launched	launch	VERB
ar-22395	202	9	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	202	10	vancouver	vancouver	NOUN
ar-22395	202	11	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	202	12	2007	2007	NUM
ar-22395	202	13	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	203	1	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	203	2	toronto	toronto	PROPN
ar-22395	203	3	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	203	4	the	the	DET
ar-22395	203	5	emergence	emergence	NOUN
ar-22395	203	6	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	203	7	efforts	effort	NOUN
ar-22395	203	8	resisting	resist	VERB
ar-22395	203	9	the	the	DET
ar-22395	203	10	expansion	expansion	NOUN
ar-22395	203	11	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	203	12	precarious	precarious	ADJ
ar-22395	203	13	work	work	NOUN
ar-22395	203	14	can	can	AUX
ar-22395	203	15	be	be	AUX
ar-22395	203	16	traced	trace	VERB
ar-22395	203	17	to	to	ADP
ar-22395	203	18	councilor	councilor	PROPN
ar-22395	203	19	ana	ana	PROPN
ar-22395	203	20	bailão	bailão	PROPN
ar-22395	203	21	’s	’s	PART
ar-22395	203	22	request	request	NOUN
ar-22395	203	23	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	203	24	toronto	toronto	PROPN
ar-22395	203	25	’s	’s	PART
ar-22395	203	26	community	community	NOUN
ar-22395	203	27	development	development	NOUN
ar-22395	203	28	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	203	29	recreation	recreation	NOUN
ar-22395	203	30	committee	committee	NOUN
ar-22395	203	31	to	to	PART
ar-22395	203	32	study	study	VERB
ar-22395	203	33	the	the	DET
ar-22395	203	34	social	social	ADJ
ar-22395	203	35	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	203	36	economic	economic	ADJ
ar-22395	203	37	impact	impact	NOUN
ar-22395	203	38	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	203	39	the	the	DET
ar-22395	203	40	city	city	NOUN
ar-22395	203	41	’s	’s	PART
ar-22395	203	42	intentions	intention	NOUN
ar-22395	203	43	to	to	PART
ar-22395	203	44	begin	begin	VERB
ar-22395	203	45	contracting­out	contracting­out	ADP
ar-22395	203	46	cleaning	cleaning	NOUN
ar-22395	203	47	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	203	48	custodial	custodial	ADJ
ar-22395	203	49	work	work	NOUN
ar-22395	203	50	124	124	NUM
ar-22395	203	51	|	|	ADV
ar-22395	203	52	precarious	precarious	ADJ
ar-22395	203	53	work	work	NOUN
ar-22395	203	54	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	203	55	the	the	DET
ar-22395	203	56	struggle	struggle	NOUN
ar-22395	203	57	for	for	ADP
ar-22395	203	58	living	live	VERB
ar-22395	203	59	wages	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	203	60	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	203	61	city	city	NOUN
ar-22395	203	62	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	203	63	toronto	toronto	PROPN
ar-22395	203	64	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	203	65	2011	2011	NUM
ar-22395	203	66	;	;	PUNCT
ar-22395	203	67	vosko	vosko	PROPN
ar-22395	203	68	et	et	PROPN
ar-22395	203	69	al	al	PROPN
ar-22395	203	70	.	.	PROPN
ar-22395	203	71	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	203	72	2013	2013	NUM
ar-22395	203	73	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	203	74	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	204	1	citing	cite	VERB
ar-22395	204	2	concerns	concern	NOUN
ar-22395	204	3	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	204	4	the	the	DET
ar-22395	204	5	ilo	ilo	PROPN
ar-22395	204	6	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	204	7	the	the	DET
ar-22395	204	8	united	united	PROPN
ar-22395	204	9	way	way	PROPN
ar-22395	204	10	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	204	11	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	204	12	the	the	DET
ar-22395	204	13	toronto	toronto	PROPN
ar-22395	204	14	community	community	PROPN
ar-22395	204	15	foundation	foundation	PROPN
ar-22395	204	16	about	about	ADP
ar-22395	204	17	the	the	DET
ar-22395	204	18	disproportionate	disproportionate	ADJ
ar-22395	204	19	impact	impact	NOUN
ar-22395	204	20	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	204	21	precarious	precarious	ADJ
ar-22395	204	22	employment	employment	NOUN
ar-22395	204	23	on	on	ADP
ar-22395	204	24	immigrants	immigrant	NOUN
ar-22395	204	25	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	204	26	bailão	bailão	PROPN
ar-22395	204	27	demanded	demand	VERB
ar-22395	204	28	that	that	SCONJ
ar-22395	204	29	the	the	DET
ar-22395	204	30	study	study	NOUN
ar-22395	204	31	focus	focus	VERB
ar-22395	204	32	“	"	PUNCT
ar-22395	204	33	on	on	ADP
ar-22395	204	34	the	the	DET
ar-22395	204	35	social	social	ADJ
ar-22395	204	36	impact	impact	NOUN
ar-22395	204	37	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	204	38	hundreds	hundred	NOUN
ar-22395	204	39	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	204	40	jobs	job	NOUN
ar-22395	204	41	being	be	AUX
ar-22395	204	42	performed	perform	VERB
ar-22395	204	43	at	at	ADP
ar-22395	204	44	salaries	salary	NOUN
ar-22395	204	45	that	that	PRON
ar-22395	204	46	are	be	AUX
ar-22395	204	47	barely	barely	ADV
ar-22395	204	48	above	above	ADP
ar-22395	204	49	minimum	minimum	NOUN
ar-22395	204	50	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	204	51	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	204	52	often	often	ADV
ar-22395	204	53	with	with	ADP
ar-22395	204	54	no	no	DET
ar-22395	204	55	benefits	benefit	NOUN
ar-22395	204	56	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	204	57	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	204	58	particularly	particularly	ADV
ar-22395	204	59	the	the	DET
ar-22395	204	60	impact	impact	NOUN
ar-22395	204	61	on	on	ADP
ar-22395	204	62	[	[	X
ar-22395	204	63	low­income	low­income	NOUN
ar-22395	204	64	]	]	PUNCT
ar-22395	204	65	priority	priority	NOUN
ar-22395	204	66	neighbourhoods	neighbourhood	NOUN
ar-22395	204	67	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	204	68	”	"	PUNCT
ar-22395	205	1	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	205	2	city	city	NOUN
ar-22395	205	3	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	205	4	toronto	toronto	PROPN
ar-22395	205	5	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	205	6	2011	2011	NUM
ar-22395	205	7	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	205	8	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	206	1	after	after	ADP
ar-22395	206	2	the	the	DET
ar-22395	206	3	study	study	NOUN
ar-22395	206	4	’s	’s	PART
ar-22395	206	5	completion	completion	NOUN
ar-22395	206	6	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	206	7	the	the	DET
ar-22395	206	8	city	city	NOUN
ar-22395	206	9	took	take	VERB
ar-22395	206	10	several	several	ADJ
ar-22395	206	11	steps	step	NOUN
ar-22395	206	12	to	to	PART
ar-22395	206	13	reduce	reduce	VERB
ar-22395	206	14	the	the	DET
ar-22395	206	15	negative	negative	ADJ
ar-22395	206	16	impacts	impact	NOUN
ar-22395	206	17	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	206	18	contracting­out	contracting­out	NOUN
ar-22395	206	19	services	service	NOUN
ar-22395	206	20	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	206	21	including	include	VERB
ar-22395	206	22	:	:	PUNCT
ar-22395	206	23	updating	update	VERB
ar-22395	206	24	the	the	DET
ar-22395	206	25	city	city	NOUN
ar-22395	206	26	’s	’s	PART
ar-22395	206	27	fair	fair	ADJ
ar-22395	206	28	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	206	29	schedule	schedule	NOUN
ar-22395	206	30	to	to	PART
ar-22395	206	31	reflect	reflect	VERB
ar-22395	206	32	prevailing	prevail	VERB
ar-22395	206	33	market	market	NOUN
ar-22395	206	34	rates	rate	NOUN
ar-22395	206	35	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	206	36	directing	direct	VERB
ar-22395	206	37	the	the	DET
ar-22395	206	38	fair	fair	ADJ
ar-22395	206	39	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	206	40	schedule	schedule	NOUN
ar-22395	206	41	to	to	PART
ar-22395	206	42	be	be	AUX
ar-22395	206	43	revised	revise	VERB
ar-22395	206	44	every	every	DET
ar-22395	206	45	three	three	NUM
ar-22395	206	46	years	year	NOUN
ar-22395	206	47	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	206	48	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	206	49	revising	revise	VERB
ar-22395	206	50	requirements	requirement	NOUN
ar-22395	206	51	for	for	ADP
ar-22395	206	52	companies	company	NOUN
ar-22395	206	53	that	that	PRON
ar-22395	206	54	bid	bid	VERB
ar-22395	206	55	for	for	ADP
ar-22395	206	56	custodial	custodial	ADJ
ar-22395	206	57	services	service	NOUN
ar-22395	206	58	to	to	PART
ar-22395	206	59	improve	improve	VERB
ar-22395	206	60	job	job	NOUN
ar-22395	206	61	quality	quality	NOUN
ar-22395	206	62	contractors	contractor	NOUN
ar-22395	206	63	’	'	PUNCT
ar-22395	206	64	employees	employee	NOUN
ar-22395	206	65	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	206	66	wellesley	wellesley	PROPN
ar-22395	206	67	institute	institute	PROPN
ar-22395	206	68	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	206	69	2015	2015	NUM
ar-22395	206	70	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	206	71	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	207	1	the	the	DET
ar-22395	207	2	toronto	toronto	PROPN
ar-22395	207	3	city	city	PROPN
ar-22395	207	4	council	council	PROPN
ar-22395	207	5	also	also	ADV
ar-22395	207	6	directed	direct	VERB
ar-22395	207	7	its	its	PRON
ar-22395	207	8	staff	staff	NOUN
ar-22395	207	9	to	to	PART
ar-22395	207	10	develop	develop	VERB
ar-22395	207	11	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	207	12	a	a	DET
ar-22395	207	13	job	job	NOUN
ar-22395	207	14	quality	quality	NOUN
ar-22395	207	15	assessment	assessment	NOUN
ar-22395	207	16	tool	tool	NOUN
ar-22395	207	17	that	that	PRON
ar-22395	207	18	includes	include	VERB
ar-22395	207	19	a	a	DET
ar-22395	207	20	living	live	VERB
ar-22395	207	21	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	207	22	standard	standard	NOUN
ar-22395	207	23	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	207	24	that	that	PRON
ar-22395	207	25	considers	consider	VERB
ar-22395	207	26	other	other	ADJ
ar-22395	207	27	dimensions	dimension	NOUN
ar-22395	207	28	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	207	29	job	job	NOUN
ar-22395	207	30	quality	quality	NOUN
ar-22395	207	31	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	207	32	including	include	VERB
ar-22395	207	33	skills	skill	NOUN
ar-22395	207	34	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	207	35	training	training	NOUN
ar-22395	207	36	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
ar-22395	207	37	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	207	38	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	207	39	working	working	NOUN
ar-22395	207	40	conditions	condition	NOUN
ar-22395	207	41	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	207	42	city	city	NOUN
ar-22395	207	43	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	207	44	toronto	toronto	PROPN
ar-22395	207	45	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	207	46	2013	2013	NUM
ar-22395	207	47	;	;	PUNCT
ar-22395	207	48	wellesley	wellesley	PROPN
ar-22395	207	49	institute	institute	PROPN
ar-22395	207	50	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	207	51	2015	2015	NUM
ar-22395	207	52	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	207	53	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	208	1	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	208	2	addition	addition	NOUN
ar-22395	208	3	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	208	4	the	the	DET
ar-22395	208	5	canadian	canadian	ADJ
ar-22395	208	6	centre	centre	NOUN
ar-22395	208	7	for	for	ADP
ar-22395	208	8	policy	policy	NOUN
ar-22395	208	9	alternatives	alternative	NOUN
ar-22395	208	10	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	208	11	ccpa	ccpa	NOUN
ar-22395	208	12	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	208	13	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	208	14	the	the	DET
ar-22395	208	15	toronto	toronto	PROPN
ar-22395	208	16	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	208	17	york	york	PROPN
ar-22395	208	18	region	region	PROPN
ar-22395	208	19	labour	labour	PROPN
ar-22395	208	20	council	council	PROPN
ar-22395	208	21	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	208	22	cupe	cupe	PROPN
ar-22395	208	23	local	local	ADJ
ar-22395	208	24	79	79	NUM
ar-22395	208	25	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	208	26	acorn	acorn	PROPN
ar-22395	208	27	canada	canada	PROPN
ar-22395	208	28	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	208	29	social	social	PROPN
ar-22395	208	30	planning	planning	PROPN
ar-22395	208	31	toronto	toronto	PROPN
ar-22395	208	32	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	208	33	the	the	DET
ar-22395	208	34	solidarity	solidarity	PROPN
ar-22395	208	35	city	city	NOUN
ar-22395	208	36	network	network	NOUN
ar-22395	208	37	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	208	38	justicia	justicia	PROPN
ar-22395	208	39	for	for	ADP
ar-22395	208	40	migrant	migrant	ADJ
ar-22395	208	41	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	208	42	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	208	43	the	the	DET
ar-22395	208	44	worker	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	208	45	’s	’s	PART
ar-22395	208	46	action	action	NOUN
ar-22395	208	47	centre	centre	NOUN
ar-22395	208	48	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	208	49	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	208	50	savings	saving	NOUN
ar-22395	208	51	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	208	52	numerous	numerous	ADJ
ar-22395	208	53	credit	credit	NOUN
ar-22395	208	54	unions	union	NOUN
ar-22395	208	55	are	be	AUX
ar-22395	208	56	advocating	advocate	VERB
ar-22395	208	57	for	for	ADP
ar-22395	208	58	the	the	DET
ar-22395	208	59	living	live	VERB
ar-22395	208	60	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	208	61	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	208	62	toronto	toronto	PROPN
ar-22395	208	63	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	208	64	elsewhere	elsewhere	ADV
ar-22395	208	65	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	208	66	canada	canada	PROPN
ar-22395	208	67	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	208	68	ccpa	ccpa	PROPN
ar-22395	208	69	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	208	70	n.d	n.d	PROPN
ar-22395	208	71	.	.	PROPN
ar-22395	208	72	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	208	73	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	209	1	the	the	DET
ar-22395	209	2	ccpa	ccpa	NOUN
ar-22395	209	3	has	have	AUX
ar-22395	209	4	determined	determine	VERB
ar-22395	209	5	the	the	DET
ar-22395	209	6	cost	cost	NOUN
ar-22395	209	7	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	209	8	raising	raise	VERB
ar-22395	209	9	a	a	DET
ar-22395	209	10	family	family	NOUN
ar-22395	209	11	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	209	12	four	four	NUM
ar-22395	209	13	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	209	14	various	various	ADJ
ar-22395	209	15	canadian	canadian	ADJ
ar-22395	209	16	cities	city	NOUN
ar-22395	209	17	as	as	ADP
ar-22395	209	18	an	an	DET
ar-22395	209	19	evidence	evidence	NOUN
ar-22395	209	20	base	base	NOUN
ar-22395	209	21	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	209	22	support	support	NOUN
ar-22395	209	23	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	209	24	living	live	VERB
ar-22395	209	25	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	209	26	policies	policy	NOUN
ar-22395	209	27	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	210	1	toronto	toronto	PROPN
ar-22395	210	2	’s	’s	PART
ar-22395	210	3	2015	2015	NUM
ar-22395	210	4	living	living	NOUN
ar-22395	210	5	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	210	6	is	be	AUX
ar-22395	210	7	calculated	calculate	VERB
ar-22395	210	8	to	to	PART
ar-22395	210	9	be	be	AUX
ar-22395	210	10	$	$	SYM
ar-22395	210	11	18.52	18.52	NUM
ar-22395	210	12	per	per	ADP
ar-22395	210	13	hour	hour	NOUN
ar-22395	210	14	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	210	15	which	which	PRON
ar-22395	210	16	includes	include	VERB
ar-22395	210	17	the	the	DET
ar-22395	210	18	costs	cost	NOUN
ar-22395	210	19	for	for	ADP
ar-22395	210	20	rent	rent	NOUN
ar-22395	210	21	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	210	22	transportation	transportation	NOUN
ar-22395	210	23	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	210	24	child­care	child­care	NOUN
ar-22395	210	25	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	210	26	food	food	NOUN
ar-22395	210	27	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	210	28	clothing	clothing	NOUN
ar-22395	210	29	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	210	30	internet	internet	NOUN
ar-22395	210	31	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	210	32	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	210	33	laundry	laundry	NOUN
ar-22395	210	34	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	210	35	ccpa	ccpa	NOUN
ar-22395	210	36	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	210	37	2015	2015	NUM
ar-22395	210	38	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	210	39	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	211	1	it	it	PRON
ar-22395	211	2	builds	build	VERB
ar-22395	211	3	into	into	ADP
ar-22395	211	4	its	its	PRON
ar-22395	211	5	living	live	VERB
ar-22395	211	6	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	211	7	calculation	calculation	NOUN
ar-22395	211	8	that	that	SCONJ
ar-22395	211	9	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	211	10	have	have	VERB
ar-22395	211	11	access	access	NOUN
ar-22395	211	12	to	to	ADP
ar-22395	211	13	public	public	ADJ
ar-22395	211	14	benefits	benefit	NOUN
ar-22395	211	15	such	such	ADJ
ar-22395	211	16	as	as	ADP
ar-22395	211	17	healthcare	healthcare	NOUN
ar-22395	211	18	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	211	19	employment	employment	NOUN
ar-22395	211	20	insurance	insurance	NOUN
ar-22395	211	21	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	211	22	housing	housing	NOUN
ar-22395	211	23	benefits	benefit	NOUN
ar-22395	211	24	etc	etc	X
ar-22395	211	25	.	.	X
ar-22395	212	1	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	212	2	general	general	ADJ
ar-22395	212	3	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	212	4	however	however	ADV
ar-22395	212	5	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	212	6	these	these	DET
ar-22395	212	7	services	service	NOUN
ar-22395	212	8	are	be	AUX
ar-22395	212	9	often	often	ADV
ar-22395	212	10	refused	refuse	VERB
ar-22395	212	11	to	to	PART
ar-22395	212	12	illegalized	illegalize	VERB
ar-22395	212	13	migrants	migrant	NOUN
ar-22395	212	14	who	who	PRON
ar-22395	212	15	are	be	AUX
ar-22395	212	16	unable	unable	ADJ
ar-22395	212	17	to	to	PART
ar-22395	212	18	show	show	VERB
ar-22395	212	19	identification	identification	NOUN
ar-22395	212	20	cards	card	NOUN
ar-22395	212	21	required	require	VERB
ar-22395	212	22	by	by	ADP
ar-22395	212	23	service	service	NOUN
ar-22395	212	24	delivery	delivery	NOUN
ar-22395	212	25	staff	staff	NOUN
ar-22395	212	26	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	212	27	other	other	ADJ
ar-22395	212	28	public	public	ADJ
ar-22395	212	29	officials	official	NOUN
ar-22395	212	30	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	212	31	sidhu	sidhu	NOUN
ar-22395	212	32	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	212	33	2013	2013	NUM
ar-22395	212	34	;	;	PUNCT
ar-22395	212	35	solidarity	solidarity	PROPN
ar-22395	212	36	city	city	NOUN
ar-22395	212	37	network	network	NOUN
ar-22395	212	38	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	212	39	2013	2013	NUM
ar-22395	212	40	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	212	41	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	213	1	to	to	PART
ar-22395	213	2	provide	provide	VERB
ar-22395	213	3	access	access	NOUN
ar-22395	213	4	to	to	ADP
ar-22395	213	5	such	such	ADJ
ar-22395	213	6	benefits	benefit	NOUN
ar-22395	213	7	to	to	ADP
ar-22395	213	8	illegalized	illegalize	VERB
ar-22395	213	9	migrants	migrant	NOUN
ar-22395	213	10	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	213	11	toronto	toronto	PROPN
ar-22395	213	12	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	213	13	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	213	14	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	213	15	response	response	NOUN
ar-22395	213	16	to	to	ADP
ar-22395	213	17	pressure	pressure	NOUN
ar-22395	213	18	from	from	ADP
ar-22395	213	19	no	no	DET
ar-22395	213	20	one	one	NOUN
ar-22395	213	21	is	be	AUX
ar-22395	213	22	illegal	illegal	ADJ
ar-22395	213	23	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	213	24	the	the	DET
ar-22395	213	25	solidarity	solidarity	PROPN
ar-22395	213	26	city	city	NOUN
ar-22395	213	27	network	network	NOUN
ar-22395	213	28	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	213	29	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	213	30	other	other	ADJ
ar-22395	213	31	activist	activist	ADJ
ar-22395	213	32	organizations	organization	NOUN
ar-22395	213	33	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	213	34	toronto	toronto	PROPN
ar-22395	213	35	became	become	VERB
ar-22395	213	36	canada	canada	PROPN
ar-22395	213	37	’s	’s	PART
ar-22395	213	38	first	first	ADJ
ar-22395	213	39	sanctuary	sanctuary	ADJ
ar-22395	213	40	city	city	NOUN
ar-22395	213	41	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	213	42	2013	2013	NUM
ar-22395	213	43	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	214	1	as	as	ADP
ar-22395	214	2	a	a	DET
ar-22395	214	3	sanctuary	sanctuary	ADJ
ar-22395	214	4	city	city	NOUN
ar-22395	214	5	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	214	6	toronto	toronto	PROPN
ar-22395	214	7	improved	improve	VERB
ar-22395	214	8	upon	upon	SCONJ
ar-22395	214	9	the	the	DET
ar-22395	214	10	previous	previous	ADJ
ar-22395	214	11	do	do	AUX
ar-22395	214	12	n’t	not	PART
ar-22395	214	13	ask	ask	VERB
ar-22395	214	14	do	do	AUX
ar-22395	214	15	n’t	not	PART
ar-22395	214	16	tell	tell	VERB
ar-22395	214	17	policy	policy	NOUN
ar-22395	214	18	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	214	19	which	which	PRON
ar-22395	214	20	enabled	enable	VERB
ar-22395	214	21	city	city	NOUN
ar-22395	214	22	staff	staff	NOUN
ar-22395	214	23	to	to	PART
ar-22395	214	24	serve	serve	VERB
ar-22395	214	25	illegalized	illegalize	VERB
ar-22395	214	26	migrant	migrant	ADJ
ar-22395	214	27	clients	client	NOUN
ar-22395	214	28	without	without	ADP
ar-22395	214	29	asking	ask	VERB
ar-22395	214	30	about	about	ADP
ar-22395	214	31	their	their	PRON
ar-22395	214	32	immigration	immigration	NOUN
ar-22395	214	33	status	status	NOUN
ar-22395	214	34	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	215	1	the	the	DET
ar-22395	215	2	formal	formal	ADJ
ar-22395	215	3	sanctuary	sanctuary	ADJ
ar-22395	215	4	city	city	NOUN
ar-22395	215	5	designation	designation	NOUN
ar-22395	215	6	is	be	AUX
ar-22395	215	7	now	now	ADV
ar-22395	215	8	supposed	suppose	VERB
ar-22395	215	9	to	to	PART
ar-22395	215	10	ensure	ensure	VERB
ar-22395	215	11	that	that	SCONJ
ar-22395	215	12	all	all	DET
ar-22395	215	13	residents	resident	NOUN
ar-22395	215	14	receive	receive	VERB
ar-22395	215	15	access	access	NOUN
ar-22395	215	16	to	to	ADP
ar-22395	215	17	the	the	DET
ar-22395	215	18	city	city	NOUN
ar-22395	215	19	’s	’s	PART
ar-22395	215	20	funded	fund	VERB
ar-22395	215	21	core	core	NOUN
ar-22395	215	22	services	service	NOUN
ar-22395	215	23	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	215	24	including	include	VERB
ar-22395	215	25	‘	'	PUNCT
ar-22395	215	26	illegalized	illegalize	VERB
ar-22395	215	27	’	'	PUNCT
ar-22395	215	28	migrant	migrant	ADJ
ar-22395	215	29	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	215	30	|	|	ADV
ar-22395	215	31	125	125	NUM
ar-22395	215	32	healthcare	healthcare	NOUN
ar-22395	215	33	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	215	34	education	education	NOUN
ar-22395	215	35	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	215	36	income	income	NOUN
ar-22395	215	37	support	support	NOUN
ar-22395	215	38	programs	program	NOUN
ar-22395	215	39	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	215	40	employment	employment	NOUN
ar-22395	215	41	protection	protection	NOUN
ar-22395	215	42	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	215	43	affordable	affordable	ADJ
ar-22395	215	44	housing	housing	NOUN
ar-22395	215	45	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	215	46	settlement	settlement	NOUN
ar-22395	215	47	services	service	NOUN
ar-22395	215	48	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	215	49	social	social	ADJ
ar-22395	215	50	assistance	assistance	NOUN
ar-22395	215	51	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	215	52	legal	legal	ADJ
ar-22395	215	53	services	service	NOUN
ar-22395	215	54	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	215	55	cities	city	NOUN
ar-22395	215	56	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	215	57	migration	migration	NOUN
ar-22395	215	58	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	215	59	2013	2013	NUM
ar-22395	215	60	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	215	61	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	216	1	despite	despite	SCONJ
ar-22395	216	2	becoming	become	VERB
ar-22395	216	3	a	a	DET
ar-22395	216	4	sanctuary	sanctuary	ADJ
ar-22395	216	5	city	city	NOUN
ar-22395	216	6	evaluations	evaluation	NOUN
ar-22395	216	7	have	have	AUX
ar-22395	216	8	shown	show	VERB
ar-22395	216	9	that	that	SCONJ
ar-22395	216	10	illegalized	illegalize	VERB
ar-22395	216	11	migrants	migrant	NOUN
ar-22395	216	12	continue	continue	VERB
ar-22395	216	13	to	to	PART
ar-22395	216	14	face	face	VERB
ar-22395	216	15	barriers	barrier	NOUN
ar-22395	216	16	to	to	ADP
ar-22395	216	17	accessing	access	VERB
ar-22395	216	18	these	these	DET
ar-22395	216	19	benefits	benefit	NOUN
ar-22395	216	20	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	216	21	sidhu	sidhu	NOUN
ar-22395	216	22	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	216	23	2013	2013	NUM
ar-22395	216	24	;	;	PUNCT
ar-22395	216	25	solidarity	solidarity	PROPN
ar-22395	216	26	city	city	NOUN
ar-22395	216	27	network	network	NOUN
ar-22395	216	28	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	216	29	2013	2013	NUM
ar-22395	216	30	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	216	31	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	217	1	sanctuary	sanctuary	ADJ
ar-22395	217	2	city	city	NOUN
ar-22395	217	3	activists	activist	NOUN
ar-22395	217	4	are	be	AUX
ar-22395	217	5	therefore	therefore	ADV
ar-22395	217	6	continuing	continue	VERB
ar-22395	217	7	their	their	PRON
ar-22395	217	8	struggle	struggle	NOUN
ar-22395	217	9	towards	towards	ADP
ar-22395	217	10	ensuring	ensure	VERB
ar-22395	217	11	the	the	DET
ar-22395	217	12	successful	successful	ADJ
ar-22395	217	13	delivery	delivery	NOUN
ar-22395	217	14	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	217	15	municipal	municipal	ADJ
ar-22395	217	16	services	service	NOUN
ar-22395	217	17	to	to	ADP
ar-22395	217	18	illegalized	illegalize	VERB
ar-22395	217	19	migrants	migrant	NOUN
ar-22395	217	20	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	217	21	the	the	DET
ar-22395	217	22	broadening	broadening	NOUN
ar-22395	217	23	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	217	24	coverage	coverage	NOUN
ar-22395	217	25	to	to	ADP
ar-22395	217	26	public	public	ADJ
ar-22395	217	27	supports	support	NOUN
ar-22395	217	28	provided	provide	VERB
ar-22395	217	29	by	by	ADP
ar-22395	217	30	the	the	DET
ar-22395	217	31	provincial	provincial	ADJ
ar-22395	217	32	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	217	33	federal	federal	ADJ
ar-22395	217	34	governments	government	NOUN
ar-22395	217	35	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	217	36	while	while	SCONJ
ar-22395	217	37	simultaneously	simultaneously	ADV
ar-22395	217	38	protecting	protect	VERB
ar-22395	217	39	illegalized	illegalize	VERB
ar-22395	217	40	migrants	migrant	NOUN
ar-22395	217	41	from	from	ADP
ar-22395	217	42	arrest	arrest	NOUN
ar-22395	217	43	and/or	and/or	CCONJ
ar-22395	217	44	deportation	deportation	NOUN
ar-22395	217	45	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	218	1	as	as	SCONJ
ar-22395	218	2	the	the	DET
ar-22395	218	3	literature	literature	NOUN
ar-22395	218	4	review	review	NOUN
ar-22395	218	5	has	have	AUX
ar-22395	218	6	shown	show	VERB
ar-22395	218	7	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	218	8	living	live	VERB
ar-22395	218	9	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	218	10	campaigns	campaign	NOUN
ar-22395	218	11	have	have	AUX
ar-22395	218	12	not	not	PART
ar-22395	218	13	been	be	AUX
ar-22395	218	14	very	very	ADV
ar-22395	218	15	successful	successful	ADJ
ar-22395	218	16	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	218	17	achieving	achieve	VERB
ar-22395	218	18	their	their	PRON
ar-22395	218	19	broad	broad	ADJ
ar-22395	218	20	goals	goal	NOUN
ar-22395	218	21	while	while	SCONJ
ar-22395	218	22	at	at	ADP
ar-22395	218	23	the	the	DET
ar-22395	218	24	same	same	ADJ
ar-22395	218	25	time	time	NOUN
ar-22395	218	26	protecting	protect	VERB
ar-22395	218	27	low­waged	low­wage	VERB
ar-22395	218	28	illegalized	illegalize	VERB
ar-22395	218	29	migrant	migrant	ADJ
ar-22395	218	30	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	218	31	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	219	1	current	current	ADJ
ar-22395	219	2	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	219	3	future	future	ADJ
ar-22395	219	4	living	living	NOUN
ar-22395	219	5	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	219	6	campaigns	campaign	NOUN
ar-22395	219	7	should	should	AUX
ar-22395	219	8	consider	consider	VERB
ar-22395	219	9	working	work	VERB
ar-22395	219	10	closely	closely	ADV
ar-22395	219	11	with	with	ADP
ar-22395	219	12	sanctuary	sanctuary	ADJ
ar-22395	219	13	city	city	NOUN
ar-22395	219	14	campaigns	campaign	NOUN
ar-22395	219	15	to	to	PART
ar-22395	219	16	improve	improve	VERB
ar-22395	219	17	their	their	PRON
ar-22395	219	18	strategies	strategy	NOUN
ar-22395	219	19	for	for	ADP
ar-22395	219	20	protecting	protect	VERB
ar-22395	219	21	to	to	PART
ar-22395	219	22	illegalized	illegalize	VERB
ar-22395	219	23	migrants	migrant	NOUN
ar-22395	219	24	from	from	ADP
ar-22395	219	25	arrest	arrest	NOUN
ar-22395	219	26	and/or	and/or	CCONJ
ar-22395	219	27	deportation	deportation	NOUN
ar-22395	219	28	while	while	SCONJ
ar-22395	219	29	working	work	VERB
ar-22395	219	30	to	to	PART
ar-22395	219	31	improve	improve	VERB
ar-22395	219	32	the	the	DET
ar-22395	219	33	working	work	VERB
ar-22395	219	34	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	219	35	living	living	NOUN
ar-22395	219	36	conditions	condition	NOUN
ar-22395	219	37	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	219	38	low­waged	low­wage	VERB
ar-22395	219	39	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	219	40	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	219	41	including	include	VERB
ar-22395	219	42	the	the	DET
ar-22395	219	43	illegalized	illegalize	VERB
ar-22395	219	44	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	220	1	the	the	DET
ar-22395	220	2	public	public	ADJ
ar-22395	220	3	supports	support	NOUN
ar-22395	220	4	provided	provide	VERB
ar-22395	220	5	by	by	ADP
ar-22395	220	6	sanctuary	sanctuary	ADJ
ar-22395	220	7	city	city	NOUN
ar-22395	220	8	protections	protection	NOUN
ar-22395	220	9	are	be	AUX
ar-22395	220	10	important	important	ADJ
ar-22395	220	11	to	to	ADP
ar-22395	220	12	illegalized	illegalize	VERB
ar-22395	220	13	migrants	migrant	NOUN
ar-22395	220	14	’	'	PUNCT
ar-22395	220	15	economic	economic	ADJ
ar-22395	220	16	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	220	17	social	social	ADJ
ar-22395	220	18	well­being	well­being	NOUN
ar-22395	220	19	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	220	20	are	be	AUX
ar-22395	220	21	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	220	22	this	this	DET
ar-22395	220	23	way	way	NOUN
ar-22395	220	24	complementary	complementary	ADJ
ar-22395	220	25	to	to	ADP
ar-22395	220	26	living	live	VERB
ar-22395	220	27	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	220	28	campaigns	campaign	NOUN
ar-22395	220	29	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	221	1	conclusion	conclusion	NOUN
ar-22395	221	2	the	the	DET
ar-22395	221	3	living­wage	living­wage	NOUN
ar-22395	221	4	movement	movement	NOUN
ar-22395	221	5	has	have	AUX
ar-22395	221	6	directed	direct	VERB
ar-22395	221	7	its	its	PRON
ar-22395	221	8	attention	attention	NOUN
ar-22395	221	9	to	to	ADP
ar-22395	221	10	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	221	11	who	who	PRON
ar-22395	221	12	are	be	AUX
ar-22395	221	13	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	221	14	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	221	15	guy	guy	NOUN
ar-22395	221	16	standing	stand	VERB
ar-22395	221	17	terms	term	NOUN
ar-22395	221	18	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	221	19	the	the	DET
ar-22395	221	20	precariat	precariat	NOUN
ar-22395	221	21	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	222	1	illegalized	illegalize	VERB
ar-22395	222	2	migrants	migrant	NOUN
ar-22395	222	3	constitute	constitute	VERB
ar-22395	222	4	the	the	DET
ar-22395	222	5	most	most	ADV
ar-22395	222	6	precarious	precarious	ADJ
ar-22395	222	7	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	222	8	exploited	exploit	VERB
ar-22395	222	9	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	222	10	this	this	DET
ar-22395	222	11	segment	segment	NOUN
ar-22395	222	12	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	222	13	the	the	DET
ar-22395	222	14	precarious	precarious	ADJ
ar-22395	222	15	labour	labour	NOUN
ar-22395	222	16	force	force	NOUN
ar-22395	222	17	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	223	1	neoliberal	neoliberal	ADJ
ar-22395	223	2	globalization	globalization	NOUN
ar-22395	223	3	requires	require	VERB
ar-22395	223	4	a	a	DET
ar-22395	223	5	disciplined	discipline	VERB
ar-22395	223	6	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	223	7	low­wage	low­wage	NOUN
ar-22395	223	8	labour	labour	NOUN
ar-22395	223	9	force	force	NOUN
ar-22395	223	10	to	to	PART
ar-22395	223	11	sustain	sustain	VERB
ar-22395	223	12	its	its	PRON
ar-22395	223	13	economic	economic	ADJ
ar-22395	223	14	foundations	foundation	NOUN
ar-22395	223	15	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	224	1	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	224	2	fact	fact	NOUN
ar-22395	224	3	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	224	4	global	global	ADJ
ar-22395	224	5	cities	city	NOUN
ar-22395	224	6	like	like	ADP
ar-22395	224	7	toronto	toronto	PROPN
ar-22395	224	8	are	be	AUX
ar-22395	224	9	a	a	DET
ar-22395	224	10	prime	prime	ADJ
ar-22395	224	11	location	location	NOUN
ar-22395	224	12	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	224	13	which	which	PRON
ar-22395	224	14	to	to	PART
ar-22395	224	15	observe	observe	VERB
ar-22395	224	16	increasing	increase	VERB
ar-22395	224	17	income	income	NOUN
ar-22395	224	18	polarization	polarization	NOUN
ar-22395	224	19	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	224	20	labour	labour	NOUN
ar-22395	224	21	market	market	NOUN
ar-22395	224	22	insecurity	insecurity	NOUN
ar-22395	224	23	for	for	ADP
ar-22395	224	24	ever	ever	ADV
ar-22395	224	25	larger	large	ADJ
ar-22395	224	26	numbers	number	NOUN
ar-22395	224	27	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	224	28	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	224	29	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	225	1	therefore	therefore	ADV
ar-22395	225	2	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	225	3	living­wage	living­wage	NOUN
ar-22395	225	4	campaigns	campaign	NOUN
ar-22395	225	5	have	have	AUX
ar-22395	225	6	been	be	AUX
ar-22395	225	7	most	most	ADV
ar-22395	225	8	marked	mark	VERB
ar-22395	225	9	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	225	10	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	225	11	seen	see	VERB
ar-22395	225	12	their	their	PRON
ar-22395	225	13	greatest	great	ADJ
ar-22395	225	14	successes	success	NOUN
ar-22395	225	15	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	225	16	at	at	ADP
ar-22395	225	17	the	the	DET
ar-22395	225	18	urban	urban	ADJ
ar-22395	225	19	scale	scale	NOUN
ar-22395	225	20	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	226	1	although	although	SCONJ
ar-22395	226	2	illegalized	illegalize	VERB
ar-22395	226	3	migrants	migrant	NOUN
ar-22395	226	4	are	be	AUX
ar-22395	226	5	among	among	ADP
ar-22395	226	6	the	the	DET
ar-22395	226	7	most	most	ADV
ar-22395	226	8	exploited	exploit	VERB
ar-22395	226	9	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	226	10	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	226	11	they	they	PRON
ar-22395	226	12	are	be	AUX
ar-22395	226	13	often	often	ADV
ar-22395	226	14	invisible	invisible	ADJ
ar-22395	226	15	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	226	16	even	even	ADV
ar-22395	226	17	within	within	ADP
ar-22395	226	18	the	the	DET
ar-22395	226	19	living­wage	living­wage	NOUN
ar-22395	226	20	movement	movement	NOUN
ar-22395	226	21	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	227	1	the	the	DET
ar-22395	227	2	neoliberal	neoliberal	ADJ
ar-22395	227	3	logic	logic	NOUN
ar-22395	227	4	maintains	maintain	VERB
ar-22395	227	5	that	that	SCONJ
ar-22395	227	6	“	"	PUNCT
ar-22395	227	7	illegal	illegal	ADJ
ar-22395	227	8	”	"	PUNCT
ar-22395	227	9	migrant	migrant	ADJ
ar-22395	227	10	work	work	NOUN
ar-22395	227	11	is	be	AUX
ar-22395	227	12	ultimately	ultimately	ADV
ar-22395	227	13	a	a	DET
ar-22395	227	14	supply	supply	NOUN
ar-22395	227	15	problem	problem	NOUN
ar-22395	227	16	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	227	17	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	227	18	that	that	SCONJ
ar-22395	227	19	tolerating	tolerate	VERB
ar-22395	227	20	or	or	CCONJ
ar-22395	227	21	legalizing	legalize	VERB
ar-22395	227	22	“	"	PUNCT
ar-22395	227	23	illegal	illegal	ADJ
ar-22395	227	24	”	"	PUNCT
ar-22395	227	25	migrants	migrant	NOUN
ar-22395	227	26	only	only	ADV
ar-22395	227	27	create	create	VERB
ar-22395	227	28	incentives	incentive	NOUN
ar-22395	227	29	that	that	PRON
ar-22395	227	30	increases	increase	VERB
ar-22395	227	31	the	the	DET
ar-22395	227	32	supply	supply	NOUN
ar-22395	227	33	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	227	34	such	such	ADJ
ar-22395	227	35	migrants	migrant	NOUN
ar-22395	227	36	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	228	1	hence	hence	ADV
ar-22395	228	2	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	228	3	the	the	DET
ar-22395	228	4	solution	solution	NOUN
ar-22395	228	5	according	accord	VERB
ar-22395	228	6	to	to	ADP
ar-22395	228	7	this	this	DET
ar-22395	228	8	logic	logic	NOUN
ar-22395	228	9	is	be	AUX
ar-22395	228	10	to	to	PART
ar-22395	228	11	address	address	VERB
ar-22395	228	12	the	the	DET
ar-22395	228	13	supply	supply	NOUN
ar-22395	228	14	side	side	NOUN
ar-22395	228	15	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	228	16	blame	blame	VERB
ar-22395	228	17	vulnerable	vulnerable	ADJ
ar-22395	228	18	illegalized	illegalize	VERB
ar-22395	228	19	migrants	migrant	NOUN
ar-22395	228	20	for	for	ADP
ar-22395	228	21	the	the	DET
ar-22395	228	22	existence	existence	NOUN
ar-22395	228	23	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	228	24	increased	increase	VERB
ar-22395	228	25	use	use	NOUN
ar-22395	228	26	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	228	27	unauthorized	unauthorized	ADJ
ar-22395	228	28	low­waged	low­wage	VERB
ar-22395	228	29	work	work	NOUN
ar-22395	228	30	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	229	1	consequently	consequently	ADV
ar-22395	229	2	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	229	3	authorities	authority	NOUN
ar-22395	229	4	are	be	AUX
ar-22395	229	5	targeting	target	VERB
ar-22395	229	6	illegalized	illegalize	VERB
ar-22395	229	7	migrants	migrant	NOUN
ar-22395	229	8	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	229	9	addressing	address	VERB
ar-22395	229	10	this	this	DET
ar-22395	229	11	policy	policy	NOUN
ar-22395	229	12	problem	problem	NOUN
ar-22395	229	13	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	230	1	however	however	ADV
ar-22395	230	2	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	230	3	from	from	ADP
ar-22395	230	4	the	the	DET
ar-22395	230	5	political	political	ADJ
ar-22395	230	6	economy	economy	NOUN
ar-22395	230	7	perspective	perspective	NOUN
ar-22395	230	8	that	that	PRON
ar-22395	230	9	sassen	sassen	VERB
ar-22395	230	10	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	230	11	standing	standing	NOUN
ar-22395	230	12	assume	assume	PROPN
ar-22395	230	13	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	230	14	126	126	NUM
ar-22395	230	15	|	|	ADV
ar-22395	230	16	precarious	precarious	ADJ
ar-22395	230	17	work	work	NOUN
ar-22395	230	18	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	230	19	the	the	DET
ar-22395	230	20	struggle	struggle	NOUN
ar-22395	230	21	for	for	ADP
ar-22395	230	22	living	live	VERB
ar-22395	230	23	wages	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	230	24	illegalized	illegalize	VERB
ar-22395	230	25	migrant	migrant	ADJ
ar-22395	230	26	work	work	NOUN
ar-22395	230	27	is	be	AUX
ar-22395	230	28	driven	drive	VERB
ar-22395	230	29	from	from	ADP
ar-22395	230	30	the	the	DET
ar-22395	230	31	demand	demand	NOUN
ar-22395	230	32	side	side	NOUN
ar-22395	230	33	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	231	1	vulnerable	vulnerable	ADJ
ar-22395	231	2	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	231	3	exploitable	exploitable	ADJ
ar-22395	231	4	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	231	5	facilitate	facilitate	VERB
ar-22395	231	6	capital	capital	NOUN
ar-22395	231	7	accumulation	accumulation	NOUN
ar-22395	231	8	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	231	9	labour	labour	NOUN
ar-22395	231	10	market	market	NOUN
ar-22395	231	11	segmentation	segmentation	NOUN
ar-22395	231	12	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	231	13	bauder	bauder	NOUN
ar-22395	231	14	2006	2006	NUM
ar-22395	231	15	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	231	16	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	232	1	illegalized	illegalize	VERB
ar-22395	232	2	work	work	NOUN
ar-22395	232	3	is	be	AUX
ar-22395	232	4	built	build	VERB
ar-22395	232	5	into	into	ADP
ar-22395	232	6	the	the	DET
ar-22395	232	7	very	very	ADJ
ar-22395	232	8	dna	dna	NOUN
ar-22395	232	9	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	232	10	modern	modern	ADJ
ar-22395	232	11	neoliberal	neoliberal	ADJ
ar-22395	232	12	capitalism	capitalism	NOUN
ar-22395	232	13	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	233	1	addressing	address	VERB
ar-22395	233	2	the	the	DET
ar-22395	233	3	situation	situation	NOUN
ar-22395	233	4	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	233	5	illegalized	illegalize	VERB
ar-22395	233	6	migrant	migrant	ADJ
ar-22395	233	7	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	233	8	is	be	AUX
ar-22395	233	9	a	a	DET
ar-22395	233	10	way	way	NOUN
ar-22395	233	11	to	to	PART
ar-22395	233	12	confront	confront	VERB
ar-22395	233	13	the	the	DET
ar-22395	233	14	uncontrolled	uncontrolled	ADJ
ar-22395	233	15	power	power	NOUN
ar-22395	233	16	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	233	17	capital	capital	NOUN
ar-22395	233	18	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	233	19	a	a	DET
ar-22395	233	20	hyper	hyper	ADJ
ar-22395	233	21	neoliberal	neoliberal	ADJ
ar-22395	233	22	world	world	NOUN
ar-22395	233	23	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	234	1	the	the	DET
ar-22395	234	2	labour	labour	ADJ
ar-22395	234	3	market	market	NOUN
ar-22395	234	4	situation	situation	NOUN
ar-22395	234	5	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	234	6	illegalized	illegalize	VERB
ar-22395	234	7	migrants	migrant	NOUN
ar-22395	234	8	reveals	reveal	VERB
ar-22395	234	9	some	some	PRON
ar-22395	234	10	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	234	11	the	the	DET
ar-22395	234	12	most	most	ADV
ar-22395	234	13	exploitative	exploitative	ADJ
ar-22395	234	14	aspects	aspect	NOUN
ar-22395	234	15	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	234	16	neoliberal	neoliberal	ADJ
ar-22395	234	17	capitalism	capitalism	NOUN
ar-22395	234	18	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	234	19	the	the	DET
ar-22395	234	20	policy	policy	NOUN
ar-22395	234	21	framework	framework	NOUN
ar-22395	234	22	that	that	PRON
ar-22395	234	23	supports	support	VERB
ar-22395	234	24	it	it	PRON
ar-22395	234	25	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	235	1	the	the	DET
ar-22395	235	2	living­wage	living­wage	NOUN
ar-22395	235	3	movement	movement	NOUN
ar-22395	235	4	offers	offer	VERB
ar-22395	235	5	important	important	ADJ
ar-22395	235	6	strategies	strategy	NOUN
ar-22395	235	7	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	235	8	tactics	tactic	NOUN
ar-22395	235	9	employed	employ	VERB
ar-22395	235	10	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	235	11	active	active	ADJ
ar-22395	235	12	resistance	resistance	NOUN
ar-22395	235	13	to	to	ADP
ar-22395	235	14	neoliberal	neoliberal	ADJ
ar-22395	235	15	globalization	globalization	NOUN
ar-22395	235	16	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	236	1	however	however	ADV
ar-22395	236	2	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	236	3	illegalized	illegalize	VERB
ar-22395	236	4	migrant	migrant	ADJ
ar-22395	236	5	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	236	6	could	could	AUX
ar-22395	236	7	be	be	AUX
ar-22395	236	8	placed	place	VERB
ar-22395	236	9	more	more	ADV
ar-22395	236	10	centrally	centrally	ADV
ar-22395	236	11	within	within	ADP
ar-22395	236	12	this	this	DET
ar-22395	236	13	struggle	struggle	NOUN
ar-22395	236	14	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	236	15	more	more	ADV
ar-22395	236	16	visibly	visibly	ADV
ar-22395	236	17	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	236	18	organically	organically	ADV
ar-22395	236	19	connected	connect	VERB
ar-22395	236	20	to	to	ADP
ar-22395	236	21	living­	living­	NOUN
ar-22395	236	22	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	236	23	movement	movement	NOUN
ar-22395	236	24	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	237	1	the	the	DET
ar-22395	237	2	struggle	struggle	NOUN
ar-22395	237	3	for	for	ADP
ar-22395	237	4	a	a	DET
ar-22395	237	5	living	live	VERB
ar-22395	237	6	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	237	7	is	be	AUX
ar-22395	237	8	not	not	PART
ar-22395	237	9	only	only	ADV
ar-22395	237	10	an	an	DET
ar-22395	237	11	issue	issue	NOUN
ar-22395	237	12	for	for	ADP
ar-22395	237	13	low­	low­	NOUN
ar-22395	237	14	waged	wage	VERB
ar-22395	237	15	citizens	citizen	NOUN
ar-22395	237	16	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	237	17	legal	legal	ADJ
ar-22395	237	18	residents	resident	NOUN
ar-22395	237	19	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	237	20	but	but	CCONJ
ar-22395	237	21	also	also	ADV
ar-22395	237	22	for	for	ADP
ar-22395	237	23	all	all	DET
ar-22395	237	24	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	237	25	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	237	26	including	include	VERB
ar-22395	237	27	the	the	DET
ar-22395	237	28	illegalized	illegalize	VERB
ar-22395	237	29	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	238	1	winning	win	VERB
ar-22395	238	2	living	live	VERB
ar-22395	238	3	wages	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	238	4	for	for	ADP
ar-22395	238	5	illegalized	illegalize	VERB
ar-22395	238	6	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	238	7	is	be	AUX
ar-22395	238	8	connected	connect	VERB
ar-22395	238	9	to	to	ADP
ar-22395	238	10	broader	broad	ADJ
ar-22395	238	11	protections	protection	NOUN
ar-22395	238	12	from	from	ADP
ar-22395	238	13	exploitation	exploitation	NOUN
ar-22395	238	14	by	by	ADP
ar-22395	238	15	employers	employer	NOUN
ar-22395	238	16	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	238	17	solidarity	solidarity	NOUN
ar-22395	238	18	among	among	ADP
ar-22395	238	19	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	238	20	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	239	1	a	a	DET
ar-22395	239	2	living	live	VERB
ar-22395	239	3	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	239	4	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	239	5	enhanced	enhance	VERB
ar-22395	239	6	security	security	NOUN
ar-22395	239	7	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	239	8	status	status	NOUN
ar-22395	239	9	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	239	10	migrants	migrant	NOUN
ar-22395	239	11	deemed	deem	VERB
ar-22395	239	12	“	"	PUNCT
ar-22395	239	13	illegal	illegal	ADJ
ar-22395	239	14	”	"	PUNCT
ar-22395	239	15	by	by	ADP
ar-22395	239	16	the	the	DET
ar-22395	239	17	state	state	NOUN
ar-22395	239	18	is	be	AUX
ar-22395	239	19	central	central	ADJ
ar-22395	239	20	to	to	ADP
ar-22395	239	21	a	a	DET
ar-22395	239	22	progressive	progressive	ADJ
ar-22395	239	23	policy	policy	NOUN
ar-22395	239	24	agenda	agenda	NOUN
ar-22395	239	25	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	240	1	references	reference	NOUN
ar-22395	240	2	barnetson	barnetson	PROPN
ar-22395	240	3	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	240	4	b.	b.	PROPN
ar-22395	240	5	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	240	6	foster	foster	PROPN
ar-22395	240	7	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	240	8	j.	j.	PROPN
ar-22395	240	9	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	240	10	2014	2014	NUM
ar-22395	240	11	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	240	12	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	241	1	the	the	DET
ar-22395	241	2	political	political	ADJ
ar-22395	241	3	justification	justification	NOUN
ar-22395	241	4	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	241	5	migrant	migrant	ADJ
ar-22395	241	6	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	241	7	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	241	8	alberta	alberta	PROPN
ar-22395	241	9	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	241	10	canada	canada	PROPN
ar-22395	241	11	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	242	1	international	international	ADJ
ar-22395	242	2	journal	journal	PROPN
ar-22395	242	3	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	242	4	migration	migration	NOUN
ar-22395	242	5	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	242	6	integration	integration	NOUN
ar-22395	242	7	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	242	8	15	15	NUM
ar-22395	242	9	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	242	10	349­370	349­370	NUM
ar-22395	242	11	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	243	1	basok	basok	NOUN
ar-22395	243	2	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	243	3	t.	t.	PROPN
ar-22395	243	4	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	243	5	2004	2004	NUM
ar-22395	243	6	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	243	7	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	244	1	post­national	post­national	ADJ
ar-22395	244	2	citizenship	citizenship	NOUN
ar-22395	244	3	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	244	4	social	social	ADJ
ar-22395	244	5	exclusion	exclusion	NOUN
ar-22395	244	6	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	244	7	migrants	migrant	NOUN
ar-22395	244	8	rights	right	NOUN
ar-22395	244	9	:	:	PUNCT
ar-22395	244	10	mexican	mexican	ADJ
ar-22395	244	11	seasonal	seasonal	ADJ
ar-22395	244	12	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	244	13	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	244	14	canada	canada	PROPN
ar-22395	244	15	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	245	1	citizenship	citizenship	NOUN
ar-22395	245	2	studies	study	NOUN
ar-22395	245	3	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	245	4	8(1	8(1	NOUN
ar-22395	245	5	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	245	6	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	245	7	47­64	47­64	NUM
ar-22395	245	8	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	245	9	basok	basok	NOUN
ar-22395	245	10	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	245	11	t.	t.	PROPN
ar-22395	245	12	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	245	13	2007	2007	NUM
ar-22395	245	14	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	245	15	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	246	1	canada	canada	PROPN
ar-22395	246	2	’s	’s	PART
ar-22395	246	3	temporary	temporary	ADJ
ar-22395	246	4	migration	migration	NOUN
ar-22395	246	5	program	program	NOUN
ar-22395	246	6	:	:	PUNCT
ar-22395	246	7	a	a	DET
ar-22395	246	8	model	model	NOUN
ar-22395	246	9	despite	despite	SCONJ
ar-22395	246	10	flaws	flaw	NOUN
ar-22395	246	11	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	247	1	migration	migration	NOUN
ar-22395	247	2	policy	policy	NOUN
ar-22395	247	3	institute	institute	NOUN
ar-22395	247	4	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	248	1	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
ar-22395	248	2	from	from	ADP
ar-22395	248	3	:	:	PUNCT
ar-22395	248	4	http://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/canadas­temporary­	http://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/canadas­temporary­	PROPN
ar-22395	248	5	migration­program­model­despite­flaws	migration­program­model­despite­flaws	PROPN
ar-22395	248	6	bartram	bartram	PROPN
ar-22395	248	7	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	248	8	d.	d.	PROPN
ar-22395	248	9	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	248	10	poros	poros	PROPN
ar-22395	248	11	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	248	12	m.v	m.v	PROPN
ar-22395	248	13	.	.	PROPN
ar-22395	248	14	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	248	15	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	248	16	monforte	monforte	NOUN
ar-22395	248	17	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	248	18	p.	p.	NOUN
ar-22395	248	19	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	248	20	2014	2014	NUM
ar-22395	248	21	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	248	22	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	249	1	key	key	ADJ
ar-22395	249	2	concepts	concept	NOUN
ar-22395	249	3	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	249	4	migration	migration	NOUN
ar-22395	249	5	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	250	1	london	london	PROPN
ar-22395	250	2	:	:	PUNCT
ar-22395	250	3	sage	sage	NOUN
ar-22395	250	4	publications	publications	PROPN
ar-22395	250	5	ltd	ltd	PROPN
ar-22395	250	6	.	.	PROPN
ar-22395	250	7	bauder	bauder	PROPN
ar-22395	250	8	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	250	9	h.	h.	PROPN
ar-22395	250	10	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	250	11	2006	2006	NUM
ar-22395	250	12	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	250	13	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	251	1	labor	labor	NOUN
ar-22395	251	2	movement	movement	NOUN
ar-22395	251	3	:	:	PUNCT
ar-22395	251	4	how	how	SCONJ
ar-22395	251	5	migration	migration	NOUN
ar-22395	251	6	regulates	regulate	VERB
ar-22395	251	7	labor	labor	NOUN
ar-22395	251	8	markets	market	NOUN
ar-22395	251	9	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	252	1	new	new	PROPN
ar-22395	252	2	york	york	PROPN
ar-22395	252	3	:	:	PUNCT
ar-22395	252	4	oxford	oxford	PROPN
ar-22395	252	5	university	university	PROPN
ar-22395	252	6	press	press	NOUN
ar-22395	252	7	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	253	1	‘	'	PUNCT
ar-22395	253	2	illegalized	illegalize	VERB
ar-22395	253	3	’	'	PUNCT
ar-22395	253	4	migrant	migrant	ADJ
ar-22395	253	5	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	253	6	|	|	ADV
ar-22395	253	7	127	127	NUM
ar-22395	253	8	bauder	baud	ADJ
ar-22395	253	9	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	253	10	h.(2013).whyweshouldusethetermillegalizedimmigrant	h.(2013).whyweshouldusethetermillegalizedimmigrant	PROPN
ar-22395	253	11	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	254	1	http://www.ryerson.ca/content/dam/rcis/documents/rcis_rb_baude	http://www.ryerson.ca/content/dam/rcis/documents/rcis_rb_baude	NOUN
ar-22395	254	2	r_no_2013_1.pdf	r_no_2013_1.pdf	PROPN
ar-22395	254	3	bauder	baud	ADJ
ar-22395	254	4	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	254	5	h.	h.	PROPN
ar-22395	254	6	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	254	7	shields	shield	NOUN
ar-22395	254	8	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	254	9	j.	j.	PROPN
ar-22395	254	10	eds	eds	PROPN
ar-22395	254	11	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	255	1	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	255	2	2015	2015	NUM
ar-22395	255	3	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	255	4	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	256	1	immigrant	immigrant	ADJ
ar-22395	256	2	experiences	experience	NOUN
ar-22395	256	3	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	256	4	north	north	PROPN
ar-22395	256	5	america	america	PROPN
ar-22395	256	6	:	:	PUNCT
ar-22395	256	7	understanding	understand	VERB
ar-22395	256	8	settlement	settlement	NOUN
ar-22395	256	9	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	256	10	immigration	immigration	NOUN
ar-22395	256	11	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	257	1	toronto	toronto	PROPN
ar-22395	257	2	:	:	PUNCT
ar-22395	257	3	canadian	canadian	ADJ
ar-22395	257	4	scholars	scholar	NOUN
ar-22395	257	5	’	'	PUNCT
ar-22395	257	6	press	press	NOUN
ar-22395	257	7	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	258	1	bbcnews.(2015).budget2015	bbcnews.(2015).budget2015	NOUN
ar-22395	258	2	:	:	PUNCT
ar-22395	258	3	osborneunveilsnationallivingwage	osborneunveilsnationallivingwage	NOUN
ar-22395	258	4	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	259	1	http://www.bbc.com/news/uk­politics­33437115	http://www.bbc.com/news/uk­politics­33437115	PROPN
ar-22395	259	2	bernhardt	bernhardt	PROPN
ar-22395	259	3	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	259	4	a.	a.	PROPN
ar-22395	259	5	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	259	6	milkman	milkman	PROPN
ar-22395	259	7	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	259	8	r.	r.	PROPN
ar-22395	259	9	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	259	10	theodore	theodore	PROPN
ar-22395	259	11	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	259	12	n.	n.	NOUN
ar-22395	259	13	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	259	14	heckathorn	heckathorn	ADJ
ar-22395	259	15	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	259	16	d.	d.	PROPN
ar-22395	259	17	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	259	18	auer	auer	NOUN
ar-22395	259	19	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	259	20	m.	m.	NOUN
ar-22395	259	21	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	259	22	defilippis	defilippis	ADJ
ar-22395	259	23	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	259	24	j.	j.	PROPN
ar-22395	259	25	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	259	26	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	259	27	spiller	spiller	NOUN
ar-22395	259	28	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	259	29	m.	m.	NOUN
ar-22395	259	30	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	259	31	2009	2009	NUM
ar-22395	259	32	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	259	33	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	260	1	broken	break	VERB
ar-22395	260	2	laws	law	NOUN
ar-22395	260	3	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	260	4	unprotected	unprotected	ADJ
ar-22395	260	5	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	260	6	:	:	PUNCT
ar-22395	260	7	violations	violation	NOUN
ar-22395	260	8	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	260	9	employment	employment	NOUN
ar-22395	260	10	labor	labor	NOUN
ar-22395	260	11	laws	law	NOUN
ar-22395	260	12	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	260	13	america	america	PROPN
ar-22395	260	14	’s	’s	PART
ar-22395	260	15	cities	city	NOUN
ar-22395	260	16	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	261	1	new	new	PROPN
ar-22395	261	2	york	york	PROPN
ar-22395	261	3	:	:	PUNCT
ar-22395	261	4	national	national	ADJ
ar-22395	261	5	employment	employment	NOUN
ar-22395	261	6	law	law	NOUN
ar-22395	261	7	project	project	NOUN
ar-22395	261	8	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	262	1	binford	binford	PROPN
ar-22395	262	2	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	262	3	l.	l.	PROPN
ar-22395	262	4	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	262	5	2009	2009	NUM
ar-22395	262	6	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	262	7	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	263	1	from	from	ADP
ar-22395	263	2	fields	field	NOUN
ar-22395	263	3	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	263	4	power	power	NOUN
ar-22395	263	5	to	to	ADP
ar-22395	263	6	fields	field	NOUN
ar-22395	263	7	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	263	8	sweat	sweat	NOUN
ar-22395	263	9	:	:	PUNCT
ar-22395	263	10	the	the	DET
ar-22395	263	11	dual	dual	ADJ
ar-22395	263	12	process	process	NOUN
ar-22395	263	13	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	263	14	constructing	construct	VERB
ar-22395	263	15	temporary	temporary	ADJ
ar-22395	263	16	migrant	migrant	ADJ
ar-22395	263	17	labour	labour	NOUN
ar-22395	263	18	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	263	19	mexico	mexico	PROPN
ar-22395	263	20	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	263	21	canada	canada	PROPN
ar-22395	263	22	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	264	1	third	third	ADJ
ar-22395	264	2	world	world	PROPN
ar-22395	264	3	quarterly	quarterly	ADV
ar-22395	264	4	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	264	5	30(3	30(3	NUM
ar-22395	264	6	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	264	7	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	264	8	503­	503­	NUM
ar-22395	264	9	517	517	NUM
ar-22395	264	10	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	264	11	braker	braker	PROPN
ar-22395	264	12	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	264	13	j.	j.	PROPN
ar-22395	264	14	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	264	15	2012­2013	2012­2013	NUM
ar-22395	264	16	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	264	17	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	265	1	navigating	navigate	VERB
ar-22395	265	2	the	the	DET
ar-22395	265	3	relationship	relationship	NOUN
ar-22395	265	4	between	between	ADP
ar-22395	265	5	the	the	DET
ar-22395	265	6	dhs	dhs	PROPN
ar-22395	265	7	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	265	8	the	the	DET
ar-22395	265	9	dol	dol	NOUN
ar-22395	265	10	:	:	PUNCT
ar-22395	265	11	the	the	DET
ar-22395	265	12	need	need	NOUN
ar-22395	265	13	for	for	ADP
ar-22395	265	14	federal	federal	ADJ
ar-22395	265	15	legislation	legislation	NOUN
ar-22395	265	16	to	to	PART
ar-22395	265	17	protect	protect	VERB
ar-22395	265	18	immigrant	immigrant	ADJ
ar-22395	265	19	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	265	20	’	’	PART
ar-22395	265	21	rights	right	NOUN
ar-22395	265	22	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	266	1	columbia	columbia	PROPN
ar-22395	266	2	journal	journal	PROPN
ar-22395	266	3	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	266	4	law	law	NOUN
ar-22395	266	5	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	266	6	social	social	ADJ
ar-22395	266	7	problems	problem	NOUN
ar-22395	266	8	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	266	9	46	46	NUM
ar-22395	266	10	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	266	11	329­359	329­359	NUM
ar-22395	266	12	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	267	1	brenner	brenner	PROPN
ar-22395	267	2	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	267	3	m.d	m.d	PROPN
ar-22395	267	4	.	.	PROPN
ar-22395	267	5	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	267	6	2005	2005	NUM
ar-22395	267	7	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	267	8	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	268	1	the	the	DET
ar-22395	268	2	economic	economic	ADJ
ar-22395	268	3	impact	impact	NOUN
ar-22395	268	4	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	268	5	the	the	DET
ar-22395	268	6	boston	boston	PROPN
ar-22395	268	7	living	living	NOUN
ar-22395	268	8	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	268	9	ordinance	ordinance	NOUN
ar-22395	268	10	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	269	1	industrial	industrial	ADJ
ar-22395	269	2	relations	relation	NOUN
ar-22395	269	3	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	269	4	44(1	44(1	PROPN
ar-22395	269	5	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	269	6	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	270	1	59­83	59­83	X
ar-22395	270	2	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	270	3	canadian	canadian	ADJ
ar-22395	270	4	centre	centre	NOUN
ar-22395	270	5	for	for	ADP
ar-22395	270	6	policy	policy	NOUN
ar-22395	270	7	alternatives	alternative	NOUN
ar-22395	270	8	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	271	1	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	271	2	ccpa	ccpa	NOUN
ar-22395	271	3	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	271	4	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	272	1	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	272	2	2015).alivingwage	2015).alivingwage	NUM
ar-22395	272	3	:	:	PUNCT
ar-22395	272	4	why	why	SCONJ
ar-22395	272	5	it	it	PRON
ar-22395	272	6	matters	matter	VERB
ar-22395	272	7	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	273	1	https://www.policyalternatives.ca/offices/ontario/livingwageon	https://www.policyalternatives.ca/offices/ontario/livingwageon	PROPN
ar-22395	273	2	canadiancentreforpolicyalternatives.(ccpa).(n.d.).workingforaliving	canadiancentreforpolicyalternatives.(ccpa).(n.d.).workingforalive	VERB
ar-22395	273	3	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	274	1	http://www.ccpaontario.ca/about­the­living­wage­project.html	http://www.ccpaontario.ca/about­the­living­wage­project.html	PROPN
ar-22395	274	2	champlin	champlin	PROPN
ar-22395	274	3	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	274	4	d.	d.	PROPN
ar-22395	274	5	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	274	6	hake	hake	PROPN
ar-22395	274	7	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	274	8	e.	e.	PROPN
ar-22395	274	9	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	274	10	2006	2006	NUM
ar-22395	274	11	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	274	12	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	275	1	immigration	immigration	NOUN
ar-22395	275	2	as	as	ADP
ar-22395	275	3	industrial	industrial	ADJ
ar-22395	275	4	strategy	strategy	NOUN
ar-22395	275	5	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	275	6	american	american	PROPN
ar-22395	275	7	meatpacking	meatpacking	PROPN
ar-22395	275	8	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	276	1	review	review	NOUN
ar-22395	276	2	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	276	3	political	political	ADJ
ar-22395	276	4	economy	economy	NOUN
ar-22395	276	5	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	276	6	18(1	18(1	NUM
ar-22395	276	7	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	276	8	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	277	1	49­69	49­69	NUM
ar-22395	277	2	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	278	1	cities	city	NOUN
ar-22395	278	2	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	278	3	migration	migration	NOUN
ar-22395	278	4	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	279	1	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	279	2	2013	2013	NUM
ar-22395	279	3	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	279	4	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	280	1	access	access	NOUN
ar-22395	280	2	without	without	ADP
ar-22395	280	3	fear	fear	NOUN
ar-22395	280	4	:	:	PUNCT
ar-22395	280	5	building	build	VERB
ar-22395	280	6	a	a	DET
ar-22395	280	7	city	city	NOUN
ar-22395	280	8	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	280	9	sanctuary	sanctuary	NOUN
ar-22395	280	10	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	281	1	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
ar-22395	281	2	from	from	ADP
ar-22395	281	3	:	:	PUNCT
ar-22395	281	4	http://citiesofmigration.ca/good_idea/access­without­fear­building­a­	http://citiesofmigration.ca/good_idea/access­without­fear­building­a­	PROPN
ar-22395	281	5	city­of­sanctuary/	city­of­sanctuary/	VERB
ar-22395	281	6	128	128	NUM
ar-22395	281	7	|	|	ADV
ar-22395	281	8	precarious	precarious	ADJ
ar-22395	281	9	work	work	NOUN
ar-22395	281	10	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	281	11	the	the	DET
ar-22395	281	12	struggle	struggle	NOUN
ar-22395	281	13	for	for	ADP
ar-22395	281	14	living	live	VERB
ar-22395	281	15	wages	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	281	16	city	city	NOUN
ar-22395	281	17	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	281	18	toronto	toronto	PROPN
ar-22395	281	19	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	282	1	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	282	2	2011	2011	NUM
ar-22395	282	3	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	282	4	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	283	1	request	request	NOUN
ar-22395	283	2	to	to	PART
ar-22395	283	3	community	community	NOUN
ar-22395	283	4	development	development	NOUN
ar-22395	283	5	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	283	6	recreation	recreation	NOUN
ar-22395	283	7	committee	committee	NOUN
ar-22395	283	8	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	284	1	city	city	NOUN
ar-22395	284	2	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	284	3	toronto	toronto	PROPN
ar-22395	284	4	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	285	1	http://www.toronto.ca/legdocs/mmis/2011/cd/bgrd/backgroundfile­	http://www.toronto.ca/legdocs/mmis/2011/cd/bgrd/backgroundfile­	PRON
ar-22395	285	2	42146.pdf	42146.pdf	NUM
ar-22395	285	3	city	city	NOUN
ar-22395	285	4	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	285	5	toronto	toronto	PROPN
ar-22395	285	6	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	286	1	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	286	2	2013	2013	NUM
ar-22395	286	3	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	286	4	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	287	1	staff	staff	NOUN
ar-22395	287	2	report	report	NOUN
ar-22395	287	3	:	:	PUNCT
ar-22395	287	4	quality	quality	NOUN
ar-22395	287	5	jobs	job	NOUN
ar-22395	287	6	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	287	7	living	live	VERB
ar-22395	287	8	wages	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	287	9	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	287	10	fair	fair	ADJ
ar-22395	287	11	wages	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	287	12	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	287	13	toronto	toronto	PROPN
ar-22395	287	14	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	288	1	city	city	PROPN
ar-22395	288	2	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	288	3	toronto	toronto	PROPN
ar-22395	288	4	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	289	1	http://www.toronto.ca/legdocs/mmis/2013/ex/bgrd/backgroundfile­	http://www.toronto.ca/legdocs/mmis/2013/ex/bgrd/backgroundfile­	ADP
ar-22395	289	2	57801.pdf	57801.pdf	PROPN
ar-22395	289	3	curry	curry	NOUN
ar-22395	289	4	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	289	5	b.	b.	PROPN
ar-22395	289	6	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	289	7	2014	2014	NUM
ar-22395	289	8	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	289	9	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	290	1	everything	everything	PRON
ar-22395	290	2	you	you	PRON
ar-22395	290	3	need	need	VERB
ar-22395	290	4	to	to	PART
ar-22395	290	5	know	know	VERB
ar-22395	290	6	about	about	ADP
ar-22395	290	7	temporary	temporary	ADJ
ar-22395	290	8	foreign	foreign	ADJ
ar-22395	290	9	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	290	10	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	291	1	the	the	DET
ar-22395	291	2	globe	globe	NOUN
ar-22395	291	3	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	291	4	mail	mail	NOUN
ar-22395	291	5	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	292	1	http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/temporary­foreign­	http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/temporary­foreign­	X
ar-22395	293	1	workers­everything­you­need­to­know	workers­everything­you­need­to­know	ADV
ar-22395	293	2	/	/	SYM
ar-22395	293	3	article18363279/	article18363279/	NOUN
ar-22395	293	4	de	de	PROPN
ar-22395	293	5	genova	genova	PROPN
ar-22395	293	6	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	293	7	n.p	n.p	PROPN
ar-22395	293	8	.	.	PROPN
ar-22395	293	9	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	293	10	2002	2002	NUM
ar-22395	293	11	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	293	12	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	294	1	migrant	migrant	ADJ
ar-22395	294	2	"	"	PUNCT
ar-22395	294	3	illegality	illegality	NOUN
ar-22395	294	4	"	"	PUNCT
ar-22395	294	5	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	294	6	deportability	deportability	NOUN
ar-22395	294	7	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	294	8	everyday	everyday	ADJ
ar-22395	294	9	life	life	NOUN
ar-22395	294	10	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	295	1	annual	annual	ADJ
ar-22395	295	2	review	review	NOUN
ar-22395	295	3	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	295	4	anthropology	anthropology	NOUN
ar-22395	295	5	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	295	6	31	31	NUM
ar-22395	295	7	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	295	8	419­447	419­447	NUM
ar-22395	295	9	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	296	1	de	de	X
ar-22395	296	2	graauw	graauw	PROPN
ar-22395	296	3	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	296	4	e.	e.	PROPN
ar-22395	296	5	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	296	6	2015	2015	NUM
ar-22395	296	7	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	296	8	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	297	1	nonprofits	nonprofit	NOUN
ar-22395	297	2	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	297	3	cross­organizational	cross­organizational	ADJ
ar-22395	297	4	collaborations	collaboration	NOUN
ar-22395	297	5	to	to	PART
ar-22395	297	6	promote	promote	VERB
ar-22395	297	7	local	local	ADJ
ar-22395	297	8	labor	labor	NOUN
ar-22395	297	9	rights	right	NOUN
ar-22395	297	10	policies	policy	NOUN
ar-22395	297	11	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	298	1	working	working	PROPN
ar-22395	298	2	usa	usa	PROPN
ar-22395	298	3	:	:	PUNCT
ar-22395	298	4	the	the	DET
ar-22395	298	5	journal	journal	NOUN
ar-22395	298	6	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	298	7	labor	labor	NOUN
ar-22395	298	8	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	298	9	society	society	NOUN
ar-22395	298	10	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	298	11	18	18	NUM
ar-22395	298	12	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	298	13	103­126	103­126	NUM
ar-22395	298	14	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	299	1	devinatz	devinatz	PROPN
ar-22395	299	2	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	299	3	v.g	v.g	PROPN
ar-22395	299	4	.	.	PROPN
ar-22395	299	5	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	299	6	2013	2013	NUM
ar-22395	299	7	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	299	8	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	300	1	the	the	DET
ar-22395	300	2	significance	significance	NOUN
ar-22395	300	3	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	300	4	the	the	DET
ar-22395	300	5	living	living	NOUN
ar-22395	300	6	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	300	7	for	for	ADP
ar-22395	300	8	us	us	PROPN
ar-22395	300	9	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	300	10	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	300	11	the	the	DET
ar-22395	300	12	early	early	ADJ
ar-22395	300	13	twenty­first	twenty­first	ADJ
ar-22395	300	14	century	century	NOUN
ar-22395	300	15	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	301	1	employee	employee	NOUN
ar-22395	301	2	responsibilities	responsibility	NOUN
ar-22395	301	3	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	301	4	rights	right	NOUN
ar-22395	301	5	journal	journal	NOUN
ar-22395	301	6	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	301	7	25	25	NUM
ar-22395	301	8	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	301	9	125­134	125­134	NUM
ar-22395	301	10	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	301	11	donato	donato	PROPN
ar-22395	301	12	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	301	13	k.m	k.m	PROPN
ar-22395	301	14	.	.	PROPN
ar-22395	301	15	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	301	16	durand	durand	PROPN
ar-22395	301	17	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	301	18	j.	j.	PROPN
ar-22395	301	19	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	301	20	massey	massey	PROPN
ar-22395	301	21	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	301	22	d.s	d.s	PROPN
ar-22395	301	23	.	.	PROPN
ar-22395	301	24	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	301	25	1992	1992	NUM
ar-22395	301	26	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	301	27	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	302	1	changing	change	VERB
ar-22395	302	2	conditions	condition	NOUN
ar-22395	302	3	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	302	4	the	the	DET
ar-22395	302	5	us	us	PROPN
ar-22395	302	6	labor	labor	NOUN
ar-22395	302	7	market	market	NOUN
ar-22395	302	8	:	:	PUNCT
ar-22395	302	9	effects	effect	NOUN
ar-22395	302	10	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	302	11	the	the	DET
ar-22395	302	12	immigration	immigration	NOUN
ar-22395	302	13	reform	reform	NOUN
ar-22395	302	14	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	302	15	control	control	NOUN
ar-22395	302	16	act	act	NOUN
ar-22395	302	17	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	302	18	1986	1986	NUM
ar-22395	302	19	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	303	1	population	population	NOUN
ar-22395	303	2	research	research	NOUN
ar-22395	303	3	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	303	4	policy	policy	NOUN
ar-22395	303	5	review	review	NOUN
ar-22395	303	6	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	303	7	11	11	NUM
ar-22395	303	8	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	303	9	93­	93­	NUM
ar-22395	303	10	115	115	NUM
ar-22395	303	11	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	304	1	fairris	fairris	PROPN
ar-22395	304	2	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	304	3	d.	d.	PROPN
ar-22395	304	4	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	304	5	2005	2005	NUM
ar-22395	304	6	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	304	7	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	305	1	the	the	DET
ar-22395	305	2	impact	impact	NOUN
ar-22395	305	3	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	305	4	living	live	VERB
ar-22395	305	5	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	305	6	ordinances	ordinance	NOUN
ar-22395	305	7	on	on	ADP
ar-22395	305	8	employers	employer	NOUN
ar-22395	305	9	:	:	PUNCT
ar-22395	305	10	a	a	DET
ar-22395	305	11	control	control	NOUN
ar-22395	305	12	group	group	NOUN
ar-22395	305	13	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ar-22395	305	14	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	305	15	the	the	DET
ar-22395	305	16	los	los	PROPN
ar-22395	305	17	angeles	angeles	PROPN
ar-22395	305	18	ordinance	ordinance	NOUN
ar-22395	305	19	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	306	1	industrial	industrial	ADJ
ar-22395	306	2	relations	relation	NOUN
ar-22395	306	3	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	306	4	44(1	44(1	PROPN
ar-22395	306	5	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	306	6	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	306	7	59­83	59­83	NUM
ar-22395	306	8	fairris	fairris	PROPN
ar-22395	306	9	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	306	10	d.	d.	PROPN
ar-22395	306	11	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	306	12	reich	reich	PROPN
ar-22395	306	13	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	306	14	m.	m.	NOUN
ar-22395	306	15	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	306	16	2005	2005	NUM
ar-22395	306	17	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	306	18	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	307	1	the	the	DET
ar-22395	307	2	impacts	impact	NOUN
ar-22395	307	3	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	307	4	living	live	VERB
ar-22395	307	5	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	307	6	policies	policy	NOUN
ar-22395	307	7	:	:	PUNCT
ar-22395	307	8	introduction	introduction	NOUN
ar-22395	307	9	to	to	ADP
ar-22395	307	10	the	the	DET
ar-22395	307	11	special	special	ADJ
ar-22395	307	12	issue	issue	NOUN
ar-22395	307	13	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	308	1	industrial	industrial	ADJ
ar-22395	308	2	relations	relation	NOUN
ar-22395	308	3	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	308	4	44(1	44(1	PROPN
ar-22395	308	5	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	308	6	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	308	7	1­13	1­13	NUM
ar-22395	308	8	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	309	1	freeman	freeman	PROPN
ar-22395	309	2	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	309	3	r.	r.	PROPN
ar-22395	309	4	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	309	5	2005	2005	NUM
ar-22395	309	6	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	309	7	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	310	1	fighting	fight	VERB
ar-22395	310	2	for	for	ADP
ar-22395	310	3	other	other	ADJ
ar-22395	310	4	folks	folk	NOUN
ar-22395	310	5	’	'	PUNCT
ar-22395	310	6	wages	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	310	7	:	:	PUNCT
ar-22395	310	8	the	the	DET
ar-22395	310	9	logic	logic	NOUN
ar-22395	310	10	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	310	11	illogic	illogic	NOUN
ar-22395	310	12	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	310	13	living	live	VERB
ar-22395	310	14	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	310	15	campaigns	campaign	NOUN
ar-22395	310	16	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	311	1	industrial	industrial	ADJ
ar-22395	311	2	relations	relation	NOUN
ar-22395	311	3	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	311	4	44(1	44(1	PROPN
ar-22395	311	5	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	311	6	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	311	7	14­31	14­31	NUM
ar-22395	311	8	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	312	1	‘	'	PUNCT
ar-22395	312	2	illegalized	illegalize	VERB
ar-22395	312	3	’	'	PUNCT
ar-22395	312	4	migrant	migrant	ADJ
ar-22395	312	5	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	312	6	|	|	ADV
ar-22395	312	7	129	129	NUM
ar-22395	312	8	gentsch	gentsch	NOUN
ar-22395	312	9	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	312	10	k.	k.	PROPN
ar-22395	312	11	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	312	12	massey	massey	PROPN
ar-22395	312	13	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	312	14	d.s	d.s	PROPN
ar-22395	312	15	.	.	PROPN
ar-22395	312	16	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	312	17	2012	2012	NUM
ar-22395	312	18	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	312	19	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	313	1	labor	labor	NOUN
ar-22395	313	2	market	market	NOUN
ar-22395	313	3	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
ar-22395	313	4	for	for	ADP
ar-22395	313	5	legal	legal	ADJ
ar-22395	313	6	mexican	mexican	ADJ
ar-22395	313	7	immigrants	immigrant	NOUN
ar-22395	313	8	under	under	ADP
ar-22395	313	9	the	the	DET
ar-22395	313	10	new	new	ADJ
ar-22395	313	11	regime	regime	NOUN
ar-22395	313	12	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	313	13	immigration	immigration	NOUN
ar-22395	313	14	enforcement	enforcement	NOUN
ar-22395	313	15	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	314	1	social	social	ADJ
ar-22395	314	2	science	science	NOUN
ar-22395	314	3	quarterly	quarterly	ADV
ar-22395	314	4	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	314	5	92(3	92(3	NOUN
ar-22395	314	6	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	314	7	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	314	8	875­893	875­893	NUM
ar-22395	314	9	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	315	1	goldring	goldring	PROPN
ar-22395	315	2	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	315	3	l.	l.	PROPN
ar-22395	315	4	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	315	5	landolt	landolt	PROPN
ar-22395	315	6	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	315	7	p.	p.	NOUN
ar-22395	315	8	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	315	9	2012	2012	NUM
ar-22395	315	10	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	315	11	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	316	1	the	the	DET
ar-22395	316	2	impact	impact	NOUN
ar-22395	316	3	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	316	4	precarious	precarious	ADJ
ar-22395	316	5	legal	legal	ADJ
ar-22395	316	6	status	status	NOUN
ar-22395	316	7	on	on	ADP
ar-22395	316	8	immigrants	immigrant	NOUN
ar-22395	316	9	’	'	PUNCT
ar-22395	316	10	economic	economic	ADJ
ar-22395	316	11	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
ar-22395	316	12	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	317	1	irpp	irpp	NOUN
ar-22395	317	2	study	study	NOUN
ar-22395	317	3	35	35	NUM
ar-22395	317	4	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	318	1	montreal	montreal	PROPN
ar-22395	318	2	:	:	PUNCT
ar-22395	318	3	institute	institute	VERB
ar-22395	318	4	for	for	ADP
ar-22395	318	5	research	research	NOUN
ar-22395	318	6	on	on	ADP
ar-22395	318	7	public	public	ADJ
ar-22395	318	8	policy	policy	NOUN
ar-22395	318	9	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	319	1	gomberg­munoz	gomberg­munoz	PROPN
ar-22395	319	2	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	319	3	r.	r.	PROPN
ar-22395	319	4	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	319	5	nussbaum­barberena	nussbaum­barberena	PROPN
ar-22395	319	6	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	319	7	l.	l.	PROPN
ar-22395	319	8	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	319	9	2011	2011	NUM
ar-22395	319	10	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	319	11	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	319	12	is	be	AUX
ar-22395	319	13	immigration	immigration	NOUN
ar-22395	319	14	policy	policy	NOUN
ar-22395	319	15	labor	labor	NOUN
ar-22395	319	16	policy	policy	NOUN
ar-22395	319	17	?	?	PUNCT
ar-22395	319	18	:	:	PUNCT
ar-22395	320	1	immigration	immigration	NOUN
ar-22395	320	2	enforcement	enforcement	NOUN
ar-22395	320	3	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	320	4	undocumented	undocumented	ADJ
ar-22395	320	5	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	320	6	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	320	7	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	320	8	the	the	DET
ar-22395	320	9	state	state	NOUN
ar-22395	320	10	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	321	1	human	human	ADJ
ar-22395	321	2	organization	organization	PROPN
ar-22395	321	3	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	321	4	70(4	70(4	NUM
ar-22395	321	5	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	321	6	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	321	7	366­375	366­375	PROPN
ar-22395	321	8	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	322	1	grasmuck	grasmuck	PROPN
ar-22395	322	2	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	322	3	s.	s.	PROPN
ar-22395	322	4	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	322	5	1984	1984	NUM
ar-22395	322	6	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	322	7	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	323	1	immigration	immigration	NOUN
ar-22395	323	2	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	323	3	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
ar-22395	323	4	stratification	stratification	NOUN
ar-22395	323	5	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	323	6	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	323	7	native	native	ADJ
ar-22395	323	8	working	working	NOUN
ar-22395	323	9	class	class	NOUN
ar-22395	323	10	discipline	discipline	NOUN
ar-22395	323	11	:	:	PUNCT
ar-22395	323	12	comparisons	comparison	NOUN
ar-22395	323	13	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	323	14	documented	document	VERB
ar-22395	323	15	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	323	16	undocumented	undocumented	ADJ
ar-22395	323	17	dominicans	dominicans	PROPN
ar-22395	323	18	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	324	1	international	international	ADJ
ar-22395	324	2	migration	migration	NOUN
ar-22395	324	3	review	review	NOUN
ar-22395	324	4	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	324	5	18(3	18(3	NUM
ar-22395	324	6	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	324	7	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	324	8	692­713	692­713	ADV
ar-22395	324	9	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	325	1	hannan	hannan	PROPN
ar-22395	325	2	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	325	3	c.a	c.a	PROPN
ar-22395	325	4	.	.	PROPN
ar-22395	325	5	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	325	6	2015	2015	NUM
ar-22395	325	7	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	325	8	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	326	1	illegalized	illegalize	VERB
ar-22395	326	2	migrants	migrant	NOUN
ar-22395	326	3	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	327	1	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	327	2	h.	h.	PROPN
ar-22395	327	3	bauder	bauder	PROPN
ar-22395	327	4	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	327	5	j.	j.	PROPN
ar-22395	327	6	shields	shields	PROPN
ar-22395	327	7	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	327	8	eds	ed	NOUN
ar-22395	327	9	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	327	10	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	327	11	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	327	12	immigrant	immigrant	ADJ
ar-22395	327	13	experiences	experience	NOUN
ar-22395	327	14	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	327	15	north	north	PROPN
ar-22395	327	16	america	america	PROPN
ar-22395	327	17	:	:	PUNCT
ar-22395	327	18	understanding	understand	VERB
ar-22395	327	19	settlement	settlement	NOUN
ar-22395	327	20	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	327	21	integration	integration	NOUN
ar-22395	327	22	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	327	23	pp	pp	ADJ
ar-22395	327	24	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	327	25	144­163	144­163	NUM
ar-22395	327	26	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	327	27	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	328	1	toronto	toronto	PROPN
ar-22395	328	2	:	:	PUNCT
ar-22395	328	3	canadian	canadian	ADJ
ar-22395	328	4	scholars	scholar	NOUN
ar-22395	328	5	’	'	PUNCT
ar-22395	328	6	press	press	NOUN
ar-22395	328	7	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	329	1	harris	harris	PROPN
ar-22395	329	2	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	329	3	p.	p.	PROPN
ar-22395	329	4	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	329	5	2013	2013	NUM
ar-22395	329	6	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	329	7	march	march	PROPN
ar-22395	329	8	28	28	NUM
ar-22395	329	9	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	329	10	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	330	1	undocumented	undocumented	ADJ
ar-22395	330	2	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	330	3	’	’	PART
ar-22395	330	4	grim	grim	ADJ
ar-22395	330	5	reality	reality	NOUN
ar-22395	330	6	:	:	PUNCT
ar-22395	330	7	speakoutonabuseand	speakoutonabuseand	X
ar-22395	330	8	riskdeportation.theguardian	riskdeportation.theguardian	ADJ
ar-22395	330	9	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	330	10	http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/mar/28/undocumented­	http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/mar/28/undocumented­	PROPN
ar-22395	330	11	migrants­worker­abuse­deportation	migrants­worker­abuse­deportation	PROPN
ar-22395	330	12	hearn	hearn	PROPN
ar-22395	330	13	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	330	14	j.	j.	PROPN
ar-22395	330	15	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	330	16	bergos	bergo	NOUN
ar-22395	330	17	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	330	18	m.	m.	NOUN
ar-22395	330	19	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	330	20	2011	2011	NUM
ar-22395	330	21	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	330	22	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	331	1	latin	latin	PROPN
ar-22395	331	2	american	american	ADJ
ar-22395	331	3	cleaners	cleaner	NOUN
ar-22395	331	4	fight	fight	VERB
ar-22395	331	5	for	for	ADP
ar-22395	331	6	survival	survival	NOUN
ar-22395	331	7	:	:	PUNCT
ar-22395	331	8	lessons	lesson	NOUN
ar-22395	331	9	for	for	ADP
ar-22395	331	10	migrant	migrant	ADJ
ar-22395	331	11	activism	activism	NOUN
ar-22395	331	12	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	332	1	race	race	NOUN
ar-22395	332	2	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	332	3	class	class	NOUN
ar-22395	332	4	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	332	5	53(1	53(1	NOUN
ar-22395	332	6	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	332	7	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	332	8	65­	65­	NUM
ar-22395	332	9	82	82	NUM
ar-22395	332	10	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	333	1	heyman	heyman	PROPN
ar-22395	333	2	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	333	3	j.m	j.m	PROPN
ar-22395	333	4	.	.	PROPN
ar-22395	333	5	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	333	6	1998	1998	NUM
ar-22395	333	7	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	333	8	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	334	1	state	state	NOUN
ar-22395	334	2	effects	effect	NOUN
ar-22395	334	3	on	on	ADP
ar-22395	334	4	labor	labor	NOUN
ar-22395	334	5	exploitation	exploitation	NOUN
ar-22395	334	6	:	:	PUNCT
ar-22395	334	7	the	the	DET
ar-22395	334	8	ins	in	NOUN
ar-22395	334	9	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	334	10	undocumented	undocumented	ADJ
ar-22395	334	11	immigrants	immigrant	NOUN
ar-22395	334	12	at	at	ADP
ar-22395	334	13	the	the	DET
ar-22395	334	14	mexico­united	mexico­unite	VERB
ar-22395	334	15	states	state	NOUN
ar-22395	334	16	border	border	NOUN
ar-22395	334	17	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	335	1	critique	critique	NOUN
ar-22395	335	2	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	335	3	anthropology	anthropology	NOUN
ar-22395	335	4	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	335	5	18(2	18(2	NUM
ar-22395	335	6	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	335	7	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	335	8	157­180	157­180	NUM
ar-22395	335	9	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	336	1	holgate	holgate	PROPN
ar-22395	336	2	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	336	3	j.	j.	PROPN
ar-22395	336	4	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	336	5	2009	2009	NUM
ar-22395	336	6	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	336	7	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	337	1	contested	contest	VERB
ar-22395	337	2	terrain	terrain	NOUN
ar-22395	337	3	:	:	PUNCT
ar-22395	337	4	london	london	PROPN
ar-22395	337	5	’s	’s	PART
ar-22395	337	6	living	live	VERB
ar-22395	337	7	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	337	8	campaign	campaign	NOUN
ar-22395	337	9	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	337	10	the	the	DET
ar-22395	337	11	tensions	tension	NOUN
ar-22395	337	12	between	between	ADP
ar-22395	337	13	community	community	NOUN
ar-22395	337	14	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	337	15	union	union	NOUN
ar-22395	337	16	organising	organising	NOUN
ar-22395	337	17	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	338	1	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	338	2	j.	j.	PROPN
ar-22395	338	3	mcbride	mcbride	PROPN
ar-22395	338	4	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	338	5	i.	i.	PROPN
ar-22395	338	6	greenwood	greenwood	PROPN
ar-22395	338	7	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	338	8	eds	eds	PROPN
ar-22395	338	9	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	338	10	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	338	11	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	338	12	community	community	NOUN
ar-22395	338	13	unionism	unionism	NOUN
ar-22395	338	14	:	:	PUNCT
ar-22395	338	15	a	a	DET
ar-22395	338	16	comparative	comparative	ADJ
ar-22395	338	17	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ar-22395	338	18	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	338	19	concepts	concept	NOUN
ar-22395	338	20	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	338	21	contexts	context	NOUN
ar-22395	338	22	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	338	23	pp	pp	ADJ
ar-22395	338	24	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	339	1	49­74	49­74	NUM
ar-22395	339	2	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	339	3	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	340	1	london	london	PROPN
ar-22395	340	2	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	340	3	uk	uk	PROPN
ar-22395	340	4	:	:	PUNCT
ar-22395	340	5	palgrave	palgrave	PROPN
ar-22395	340	6	macmillan	macmillan	PROPN
ar-22395	340	7	.	.	PROPN
ar-22395	341	1	130	130	NUM
ar-22395	341	2	|	|	ADV
ar-22395	341	3	precarious	precarious	ADJ
ar-22395	341	4	work	work	NOUN
ar-22395	341	5	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	341	6	the	the	DET
ar-22395	341	7	struggle	struggle	NOUN
ar-22395	341	8	for	for	ADP
ar-22395	341	9	living	live	VERB
ar-22395	341	10	wages	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	341	11	holgate	holgate	PROPN
ar-22395	341	12	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	341	13	j.	j.	PROPN
ar-22395	341	14	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	341	15	2011	2011	NUM
ar-22395	341	16	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	341	17	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	342	1	temporary	temporary	ADJ
ar-22395	342	2	migrant	migrant	ADJ
ar-22395	342	3	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	342	4	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	342	5	labor	labor	NOUN
ar-22395	342	6	organization	organization	NOUN
ar-22395	342	7	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	343	1	the	the	DET
ar-22395	343	2	journal	journal	NOUN
ar-22395	343	3	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	343	4	labor	labor	NOUN
ar-22395	343	5	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	343	6	society	society	NOUN
ar-22395	343	7	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	343	8	14	14	NUM
ar-22395	343	9	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	343	10	191­199	191­199	NUM
ar-22395	343	11	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	343	12	holgate	holgate	PROPN
ar-22395	343	13	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	343	14	j.	j.	PROPN
ar-22395	343	15	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	343	16	2013	2013	NUM
ar-22395	343	17	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	343	18	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	344	1	faith	faith	NOUN
ar-22395	344	2	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	344	3	unions	union	NOUN
ar-22395	344	4	:	:	PUNCT
ar-22395	344	5	from	from	ADP
ar-22395	344	6	safe	safe	ADJ
ar-22395	344	7	spaces	space	NOUN
ar-22395	344	8	to	to	ADP
ar-22395	344	9	organised	organised	ADJ
ar-22395	344	10	labour	labour	NOUN
ar-22395	344	11	?	?	PUNCT
ar-22395	345	1	capital	capital	NOUN
ar-22395	345	2	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	345	3	class	class	NOUN
ar-22395	345	4	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	345	5	37(2	37(2	PROPN
ar-22395	345	6	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	345	7	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	345	8	239­262	239­262	NUM
ar-22395	345	9	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	346	1	hulchanski	hulchanski	PROPN
ar-22395	346	2	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	346	3	j.d	j.d	PROPN
ar-22395	346	4	.	.	PROPN
ar-22395	346	5	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	346	6	2010	2010	NUM
ar-22395	346	7	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	346	8	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	347	1	the	the	DET
ar-22395	347	2	three	three	NUM
ar-22395	347	3	cities	city	NOUN
ar-22395	347	4	within	within	ADP
ar-22395	347	5	toronto	toronto	PROPN
ar-22395	347	6	:	:	PUNCT
ar-22395	347	7	income	income	NOUN
ar-22395	347	8	polarization	polarization	NOUN
ar-22395	347	9	among	among	ADP
ar-22395	347	10	toronto	toronto	PROPN
ar-22395	347	11	’s	’s	PART
ar-22395	347	12	neighbourhoods	neighbourhood	NOUN
ar-22395	347	13	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	347	14	1970­2005	1970­2005	NUM
ar-22395	347	15	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	348	1	university	university	NOUN
ar-22395	348	2	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	348	3	toronto	toronto	PROPN
ar-22395	348	4	:	:	PUNCT
ar-22395	348	5	cities	cities	PROPN
ar-22395	348	6	centre	centre	PROPN
ar-22395	348	7	press	press	NOUN
ar-22395	348	8	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	349	1	http://www.urbancentre.utoronto.ca/pdfs/curp/tnrn/three­cities­	http://www.urbancentre.utoronto.ca/pdfs/curp/tnrn/three­cities­	X
ar-22395	349	2	within­toronto­2010­final.pdf	within­toronto­2010­final.pdf	PROPN
ar-22395	349	3	immigration	immigration	NOUN
ar-22395	349	4	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	349	5	refugee	refugee	PROPN
ar-22395	349	6	protection	protection	PROPN
ar-22395	349	7	act	act	PROPN
ar-22395	349	8	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	349	9	irpa	irpa	PROPN
ar-22395	349	10	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	349	11	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	349	12	2001	2001	NUM
ar-22395	349	13	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	349	14	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	350	1	immigration	immigration	NOUN
ar-22395	350	2	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	350	3	refugee	refugee	PROPN
ar-22395	350	4	protection	protection	PROPN
ar-22395	350	5	act	act	PROPN
ar-22395	350	6	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	350	7	s.c	s.c	PROPN
ar-22395	350	8	.	.	PROPN
ar-22395	350	9	2001	2001	NUM
ar-22395	350	10	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	350	11	c.27	c.27	NOUN
ar-22395	350	12	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	350	13	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	351	1	government	government	NOUN
ar-22395	351	2	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	351	3	canada	canada	PROPN
ar-22395	351	4	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	352	1	http://laws­lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/i­2.5/section­3.html	http://laws­lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/i­2.5/section­3.html	X
ar-22395	352	2	international	international	ADJ
ar-22395	352	3	labour	labour	NOUN
ar-22395	352	4	organization	organization	NOUN
ar-22395	352	5	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	352	6	ilo	ilo	PROPN
ar-22395	352	7	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	352	8	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	352	9	n.d	n.d	PROPN
ar-22395	352	10	.	.	PROPN
ar-22395	352	11	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	352	12	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	353	1	decent	decent	ADJ
ar-22395	353	2	work	work	NOUN
ar-22395	353	3	agenda	agenda	NOUN
ar-22395	353	4	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	354	1	geneva	geneva	PROPN
ar-22395	354	2	:	:	PUNCT
ar-22395	354	3	international	international	ADJ
ar-22395	354	4	labour	labour	PROPN
ar-22395	354	5	office	office	NOUN
ar-22395	354	6	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	355	1	http://www.ilo.org/global/about­the­ilo/decent­work­agenda	http://www.ilo.org/global/about­the­ilo/decent­work­agenda	PROPN
ar-22395	355	2	international	international	ADJ
ar-22395	355	3	labour	labour	PROPN
ar-22395	355	4	organization	organization	NOUN
ar-22395	355	5	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	355	6	ilo	ilo	PROPN
ar-22395	355	7	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	355	8	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	355	9	2009	2009	NUM
ar-22395	355	10	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	355	11	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	356	1	social	social	ADJ
ar-22395	356	2	security	security	NOUN
ar-22395	356	3	for	for	ADP
ar-22395	356	4	all	all	PRON
ar-22395	356	5	:	:	PUNCT
ar-22395	356	6	investing	invest	VERB
ar-22395	356	7	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	356	8	social	social	ADJ
ar-22395	356	9	justice	justice	NOUN
ar-22395	356	10	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	356	11	economic	economic	ADJ
ar-22395	356	12	development	development	NOUN
ar-22395	356	13	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	356	14	paper	paper	NOUN
ar-22395	356	15	7	7	NUM
ar-22395	356	16	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	357	1	geneva	geneva	NOUN
ar-22395	357	2	:	:	PUNCT
ar-22395	357	3	international	international	ADJ
ar-22395	357	4	labour	labour	PROPN
ar-22395	357	5	office	office	NOUN
ar-22395	357	6	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	358	1	http://www.socialprotectionfloor­	http://www.socialprotectionfloor­	PROPN
ar-22395	358	2	gateway.org/files/social_security_for_all.pdf	gateway.org/files/social_security_for_all.pdf	PROPN
ar-22395	358	3	ivereigh	ivereigh	NOUN
ar-22395	358	4	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	358	5	a.	a.	NOUN
ar-22395	358	6	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	358	7	2009	2009	NUM
ar-22395	358	8	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	358	9	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	359	1	new	new	ADJ
ar-22395	359	2	development	development	NOUN
ar-22395	359	3	:	:	PUNCT
ar-22395	359	4	faith	faith	NOUN
ar-22395	359	5	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	359	6	community	community	NOUN
ar-22395	359	7	organizing	organizing	NOUN
ar-22395	359	8	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	359	9	migration	migration	NOUN
ar-22395	359	10	–	–	PUNCT
ar-22395	359	11	the	the	DET
ar-22395	359	12	case	case	NOUN
ar-22395	359	13	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	359	14	‘	'	PUNCT
ar-22395	359	15	regularisation	regularisation	NOUN
ar-22395	359	16	’	'	PUNCT
ar-22395	359	17	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	360	1	public	public	ADJ
ar-22395	360	2	money	money	NOUN
ar-22395	360	3	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	360	4	management	management	NOUN
ar-22395	360	5	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	360	6	november	november	PROPN
ar-22395	360	7	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	360	8	2009	2009	NUM
ar-22395	360	9	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	361	1	lamman	lamman	PROPN
ar-22395	361	2	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	361	3	c.	c.	PROPN
ar-22395	361	4	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	361	5	2014	2014	NUM
ar-22395	361	6	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	361	7	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	362	1	the	the	DET
ar-22395	362	2	economic	economic	ADJ
ar-22395	362	3	effects	effect	NOUN
ar-22395	362	4	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	362	5	living	live	VERB
ar-22395	362	6	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	362	7	laws	law	NOUN
ar-22395	362	8	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	363	1	the	the	DET
ar-22395	363	2	fraser	fraser	PROPN
ar-22395	363	3	institute	institute	PROPN
ar-22395	363	4	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	364	1	http://www.fraserinstitute.org/content/economic­	http://www.fraserinstitute.org/content/economic­	PROPN
ar-22395	364	2	effects­living­wage­laws	effects­living­wage­laws	PROPN
ar-22395	364	3	lester	lester	PROPN
ar-22395	364	4	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	364	5	t.w	t.w	PROPN
ar-22395	364	6	.	.	PROPN
ar-22395	364	7	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	364	8	2011	2011	NUM
ar-22395	364	9	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	364	10	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	365	1	the	the	DET
ar-22395	365	2	impact	impact	NOUN
ar-22395	365	3	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	365	4	living	live	VERB
ar-22395	365	5	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	365	6	laws	law	NOUN
ar-22395	365	7	on	on	ADP
ar-22395	365	8	urban	urban	ADJ
ar-22395	365	9	economic	economic	ADJ
ar-22395	365	10	development	development	NOUN
ar-22395	365	11	patterns	pattern	NOUN
ar-22395	365	12	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	365	13	the	the	DET
ar-22395	365	14	local	local	ADJ
ar-22395	365	15	business	business	NOUN
ar-22395	365	16	climate	climate	NOUN
ar-22395	365	17	:	:	PUNCT
ar-22395	365	18	evidence	evidence	NOUN
ar-22395	365	19	from	from	ADP
ar-22395	365	20	california	california	PROPN
ar-22395	365	21	cities	city	NOUN
ar-22395	365	22	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	366	1	economic	economic	ADJ
ar-22395	366	2	development	development	PROPN
ar-22395	366	3	quarterly	quarterly	ADV
ar-22395	366	4	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	366	5	25	25	NUM
ar-22395	366	6	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	366	7	237­254	237­254	NUM
ar-22395	366	8	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	367	1	levin­waldman	levin­waldman	PROPN
ar-22395	367	2	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	367	3	o.m	o.m	PROPN
ar-22395	367	4	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	367	5	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	367	6	2008	2008	NUM
ar-22395	367	7	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	367	8	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	368	1	characteristics	characteristic	NOUN
ar-22395	368	2	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	368	3	cities	city	NOUN
ar-22395	368	4	that	that	PRON
ar-22395	368	5	pass	pass	VERB
ar-22395	368	6	living	live	VERB
ar-22395	368	7	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	368	8	ordinances	ordinance	NOUN
ar-22395	368	9	:	:	PUNCT
ar-22395	368	10	are	be	AUX
ar-22395	368	11	certain	certain	ADJ
ar-22395	368	12	conditions	condition	NOUN
ar-22395	368	13	more	more	ADV
ar-22395	368	14	conducive	conducive	ADJ
ar-22395	368	15	than	than	ADP
ar-22395	368	16	others	other	NOUN
ar-22395	368	17	?	?	PUNCT
ar-22395	369	1	the	the	DET
ar-22395	369	2	journal	journal	NOUN
ar-22395	369	3	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	369	4	socio­economics	socio­economic	NOUN
ar-22395	369	5	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	369	6	37	37	NUM
ar-22395	369	7	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	369	8	2201­2213	2201­2213	NUM
ar-22395	369	9	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	370	1	‘	'	PUNCT
ar-22395	370	2	illegalized	illegalize	VERB
ar-22395	370	3	’	'	PUNCT
ar-22395	370	4	migrant	migrant	ADJ
ar-22395	370	5	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	370	6	|	|	ADV
ar-22395	370	7	131	131	NUM
ar-22395	370	8	lewchuk	lewchuk	PROPN
ar-22395	370	9	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	370	10	w.	w.	PROPN
ar-22395	370	11	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	370	12	lafleche	lafleche	PROPN
ar-22395	370	13	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	370	14	m.	m.	NOUN
ar-22395	370	15	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	370	16	procyk	procyk	NOUN
ar-22395	370	17	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	370	18	s.	s.	PROPN
ar-22395	370	19	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	370	20	cook	cook	VERB
ar-22395	370	21	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	370	22	c.	c.	PROPN
ar-22395	370	23	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	370	24	dyson	dyson	PROPN
ar-22395	370	25	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	370	26	d.	d.	PROPN
ar-22395	370	27	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	370	28	goldring	goldring	PROPN
ar-22395	370	29	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	370	30	l.	l.	PROPN
ar-22395	370	31	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	370	32	lior	lior	PROPN
ar-22395	370	33	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	370	34	k.	k.	PROPN
ar-22395	370	35	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	370	36	meisner	meisner	PROPN
ar-22395	370	37	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	370	38	a.	a.	NOUN
ar-22395	370	39	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	370	40	shields	shield	NOUN
ar-22395	370	41	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	370	42	j.	j.	PROPN
ar-22395	370	43	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	370	44	tambureno	tambureno	ADJ
ar-22395	370	45	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	370	46	a.	a.	NOUN
ar-22395	370	47	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	370	48	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	370	49	viduciois	viduciois	NOUN
ar-22395	370	50	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	370	51	p.	p.	NOUN
ar-22395	370	52	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	370	53	2015	2015	NUM
ar-22395	370	54	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	370	55	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	371	1	the	the	DET
ar-22395	371	2	precarity	precarity	NOUN
ar-22395	371	3	penalty	penalty	NOUN
ar-22395	371	4	:	:	PUNCT
ar-22395	371	5	the	the	DET
ar-22395	371	6	impact	impact	NOUN
ar-22395	371	7	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	371	8	employment	employment	NOUN
ar-22395	371	9	precarity	precarity	NOUN
ar-22395	371	10	on	on	ADP
ar-22395	371	11	individuals	individual	NOUN
ar-22395	371	12	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	371	13	households	household	NOUN
ar-22395	371	14	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	371	15	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	371	16	communities	community	NOUN
ar-22395	371	17	–	–	PUNCT
ar-22395	371	18	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	371	19	what	what	PRON
ar-22395	371	20	to	to	PART
ar-22395	371	21	do	do	VERB
ar-22395	371	22	about	about	ADP
ar-22395	371	23	it	it	PRON
ar-22395	371	24	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	372	1	https://pepsouwt.files.wordpress.com/2012/12/precarity­	https://pepsouwt.files.wordpress.com/2012/12/precarity­	X
ar-22395	373	1	penalty­report_final­hires_trimmed.pdf	penalty­report_final­hires_trimmed.pdf	NOUN
ar-22395	373	2	library	library	NOUN
ar-22395	373	3	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	373	4	congress	congress	PROPN
ar-22395	373	5	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	374	1	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	374	2	2015	2015	NUM
ar-22395	374	3	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	374	4	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	375	1	citizenship	citizenship	NOUN
ar-22395	375	2	pathways	pathway	NOUN
ar-22395	375	3	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	375	4	border	border	NOUN
ar-22395	375	5	protection	protection	NOUN
ar-22395	375	6	:	:	PUNCT
ar-22395	375	7	canada	canada	PROPN
ar-22395	375	8	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	376	1	http://www.loc.gov/law/help/citizenship­	http://www.loc.gov/law/help/citizenship­	PROPN
ar-22395	376	2	pathways	pathway	NOUN
ar-22395	376	3	/	/	SYM
ar-22395	376	4	canada.php	canada.php	VERB
ar-22395	376	5	likić­brborić	likić­brborić	ADJ
ar-22395	376	6	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	376	7	b.	b.	PROPN
ar-22395	376	8	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	376	9	schierup	schierup	PROPN
ar-22395	376	10	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	376	11	c.u	c.u	PROPN
ar-22395	376	12	.	.	PROPN
ar-22395	376	13	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	376	14	2015	2015	NUM
ar-22395	376	15	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	376	16	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	377	1	labour	labour	ADJ
ar-22395	377	2	rights	right	NOUN
ar-22395	377	3	as	as	ADP
ar-22395	377	4	human	human	ADJ
ar-22395	377	5	rights	right	NOUN
ar-22395	377	6	?	?	PUNCT
ar-22395	378	1	trajectories	trajectory	NOUN
ar-22395	378	2	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	378	3	the	the	DET
ar-22395	378	4	global	global	ADJ
ar-22395	378	5	governance	governance	NOUN
ar-22395	378	6	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	378	7	migration	migration	NOUN
ar-22395	378	8	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	379	1	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	379	2	c.u	c.u	PROPN
ar-22395	379	3	.	.	PROPN
ar-22395	379	4	schierup	schierup	PROPN
ar-22395	379	5	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	379	6	r.	r.	PROPN
ar-22395	379	7	munck	munck	PROPN
ar-22395	379	8	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	379	9	b.	b.	PROPN
ar-22395	379	10	likić­brborić	likić­brborić	PROPN
ar-22395	379	11	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	379	12	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	379	13	a.	a.	NOUN
ar-22395	379	14	neergaard	neergaard	PROPN
ar-22395	379	15	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	379	16	eds	ed	NOUN
ar-22395	379	17	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	379	18	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	379	19	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	379	20	migration	migration	NOUN
ar-22395	379	21	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	379	22	precarity	precarity	NOUN
ar-22395	379	23	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	379	24	global	global	ADJ
ar-22395	379	25	governance	governance	NOUN
ar-22395	379	26	:	:	PUNCT
ar-22395	379	27	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ar-22395	379	28	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	379	29	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
ar-22395	379	30	for	for	ADP
ar-22395	379	31	labour	labour	NOUN
ar-22395	379	32	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	379	33	pp	pp	ADJ
ar-22395	379	34	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	379	35	223­244	223­244	NUM
ar-22395	379	36	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	379	37	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	380	1	uk	uk	PROPN
ar-22395	380	2	:	:	PUNCT
ar-22395	380	3	oxford	oxford	PROPN
ar-22395	380	4	university	university	PROPN
ar-22395	380	5	press	press	NOUN
ar-22395	380	6	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	381	1	living	live	VERB
ar-22395	381	2	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	381	3	canada	canada	PROPN
ar-22395	381	4	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	381	5	2013	2013	NUM
ar-22395	381	6	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	381	7	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	382	1	living	live	VERB
ar-22395	382	2	wage	wage	PROPN
ar-22395	382	3	canada	canada	PROPN
ar-22395	382	4	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	383	1	http://livingwagecanada.ca/	http://livingwagecanada.ca/	ADJ
ar-22395	383	2	living	living	NOUN
ar-22395	383	3	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	383	4	canada	canada	PROPN
ar-22395	383	5	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	383	6	2013	2013	NUM
ar-22395	383	7	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	383	8	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	384	1	living	live	VERB
ar-22395	384	2	wage	wage	PROPN
ar-22395	384	3	canada	canada	PROPN
ar-22395	384	4	:	:	PUNCT
ar-22395	384	5	ontario	ontario	PROPN
ar-22395	384	6	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	385	1	http://livingwagecanada.ca/index.php/living­wage­	http://livingwagecanada.ca/index.php/living­wage­	PROPN
ar-22395	385	2	communities	community	NOUN
ar-22395	385	3	/	/	SYM
ar-22395	385	4	ontario/	ontario/	NUM
ar-22395	385	5	lopes	lope	NOUN
ar-22395	385	6	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	385	7	a.	a.	NOUN
ar-22395	385	8	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	385	9	hall	hall	PROPN
ar-22395	385	10	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	385	11	t.	t.	PROPN
ar-22395	385	12	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	385	13	2015	2015	NUM
ar-22395	385	14	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	385	15	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	386	1	organising	organise	VERB
ar-22395	386	2	migrant	migrant	ADJ
ar-22395	386	3	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	386	4	:	:	PUNCT
ar-22395	386	5	the	the	DET
ar-22395	386	6	living	live	VERB
ar-22395	386	7	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	386	8	campaign	campaign	NOUN
ar-22395	386	9	at	at	ADP
ar-22395	386	10	the	the	DET
ar-22395	386	11	university	university	PROPN
ar-22395	386	12	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	386	13	east	east	PROPN
ar-22395	386	14	london	london	PROPN
ar-22395	386	15	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	387	1	industrial	industrial	ADJ
ar-22395	387	2	relations	relation	NOUN
ar-22395	387	3	journal	journal	PROPN
ar-22395	387	4	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	387	5	46(3	46(3	NOUN
ar-22395	387	6	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	387	7	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	387	8	208­221	208­221	NUM
ar-22395	387	9	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	388	1	luce	luce	PROPN
ar-22395	388	2	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	388	3	s.	s.	PROPN
ar-22395	388	4	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	388	5	2004	2004	NUM
ar-22395	388	6	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	388	7	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	389	1	fighting	fight	VERB
ar-22395	389	2	for	for	ADP
ar-22395	389	3	a	a	DET
ar-22395	389	4	living	live	VERB
ar-22395	389	5	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	389	6	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	390	1	ithaca	ithaca	PROPN
ar-22395	390	2	:	:	PUNCT
ar-22395	390	3	cornell	cornell	PROPN
ar-22395	390	4	university	university	PROPN
ar-22395	390	5	press	press	NOUN
ar-22395	390	6	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	391	1	luce	luce	PROPN
ar-22395	391	2	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	391	3	s.	s.	PROPN
ar-22395	391	4	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	391	5	2005	2005	NUM
ar-22395	391	6	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	391	7	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	392	1	the	the	DET
ar-22395	392	2	role	role	NOUN
ar-22395	392	3	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	392	4	community	community	NOUN
ar-22395	392	5	involvement	involvement	NOUN
ar-22395	392	6	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	392	7	implementing	implement	VERB
ar-22395	392	8	living	living	NOUN
ar-22395	392	9	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	392	10	ordinances	ordinance	NOUN
ar-22395	392	11	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	393	1	industrial	industrial	ADJ
ar-22395	393	2	relations	relation	NOUN
ar-22395	393	3	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	393	4	44(1	44(1	PROPN
ar-22395	393	5	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	393	6	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	393	7	32­58	32­58	NUM
ar-22395	393	8	.	.	NOUN
ar-22395	393	9	magalhaes	magalhaes	PROPN
ar-22395	393	10	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	393	11	l.	l.	PROPN
ar-22395	393	12	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	393	13	carrasco	carrasco	PROPN
ar-22395	393	14	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	393	15	c.	c.	PROPN
ar-22395	393	16	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	393	17	gastaldo	gastaldo	PROPN
ar-22395	393	18	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	393	19	d.	d.	PROPN
ar-22395	393	20	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	393	21	2010	2010	NUM
ar-22395	393	22	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	393	23	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	394	1	undocumented	undocumented	ADJ
ar-22395	394	2	migrants	migrant	NOUN
ar-22395	394	3	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	394	4	canada	canada	PROPN
ar-22395	394	5	:	:	PUNCT
ar-22395	394	6	a	a	DET
ar-22395	394	7	scope	scope	NOUN
ar-22395	394	8	literature	literature	NOUN
ar-22395	394	9	review	review	NOUN
ar-22395	394	10	on	on	ADP
ar-22395	394	11	health	health	NOUN
ar-22395	394	12	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	394	13	access	access	NOUN
ar-22395	394	14	to	to	ADP
ar-22395	394	15	services	service	NOUN
ar-22395	394	16	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	394	17	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	394	18	working	working	NOUN
ar-22395	394	19	conditions	condition	NOUN
ar-22395	394	20	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	395	1	journal	journal	NOUN
ar-22395	395	2	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	395	3	immigration	immigration	NOUN
ar-22395	395	4	minority	minority	NOUN
ar-22395	395	5	health	health	NOUN
ar-22395	395	6	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	396	1	12	12	NUM
ar-22395	396	2	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	396	3	132­151	132­151	NUM
ar-22395	396	4	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	397	1	marsden	marsden	PROPN
ar-22395	397	2	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	397	3	s.	s.	PROPN
ar-22395	397	4	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	397	5	2012	2012	NUM
ar-22395	397	6	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	397	7	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	398	1	the	the	DET
ar-22395	398	2	new	new	ADJ
ar-22395	398	3	precariousness	precariousness	NOUN
ar-22395	398	4	:	:	PUNCT
ar-22395	398	5	temporary	temporary	ADJ
ar-22395	398	6	migrants	migrant	NOUN
ar-22395	398	7	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	398	8	the	the	DET
ar-22395	398	9	law	law	NOUN
ar-22395	398	10	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	398	11	canada	canada	PROPN
ar-22395	398	12	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	399	1	canadian	canadian	PROPN
ar-22395	399	2	journal	journal	PROPN
ar-22395	399	3	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	399	4	law	law	NOUN
ar-22395	399	5	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	399	6	society	society	NOUN
ar-22395	399	7	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	399	8	27(2	27(2	PRON
ar-22395	399	9	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	399	10	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	399	11	209­229	209­229	X
ar-22395	399	12	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	400	1	132	132	NUM
ar-22395	400	2	|	|	ADV
ar-22395	400	3	precarious	precarious	ADJ
ar-22395	400	4	work	work	NOUN
ar-22395	400	5	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	400	6	the	the	DET
ar-22395	400	7	struggle	struggle	NOUN
ar-22395	400	8	for	for	ADP
ar-22395	400	9	living	live	VERB
ar-22395	400	10	wages	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	400	11	massey	massey	PROPN
ar-22395	400	12	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	400	13	d.	d.	PROPN
ar-22395	400	14	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	400	15	gentsch	gentsch	PROPN
ar-22395	400	16	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	400	17	k.	k.	PROPN
ar-22395	400	18	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	400	19	2014	2014	NUM
ar-22395	400	20	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	400	21	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	401	1	undocumented	undocumented	ADJ
ar-22395	401	2	migration	migration	NOUN
ar-22395	401	3	to	to	ADP
ar-22395	401	4	the	the	DET
ar-22395	401	5	united	united	PROPN
ar-22395	401	6	states	states	PROPN
ar-22395	401	7	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	401	8	the	the	DET
ar-22395	401	9	wages	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	401	10	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	401	11	mexican	mexican	ADJ
ar-22395	401	12	immigrants	immigrant	NOUN
ar-22395	401	13	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	402	1	international	international	ADJ
ar-22395	402	2	migration	migration	NOUN
ar-22395	402	3	review	review	NOUN
ar-22395	402	4	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	402	5	48(2	48(2	NUM
ar-22395	402	6	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	402	7	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	402	8	482­499	482­499	NOUN
ar-22395	402	9	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	403	1	mcdowell	mcdowell	PROPN
ar-22395	403	2	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	403	3	l.	l.	PROPN
ar-22395	403	4	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	403	5	batnitzky	batnitzky	ADJ
ar-22395	403	6	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	403	7	a.	a.	NOUN
ar-22395	403	8	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	403	9	dyer	dyer	PROPN
ar-22395	403	10	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	403	11	s.	s.	PROPN
ar-22395	403	12	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	403	13	2009	2009	NUM
ar-22395	403	14	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	403	15	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	404	1	precarious	precarious	ADJ
ar-22395	404	2	work	work	NOUN
ar-22395	404	3	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	404	4	economic	economic	ADJ
ar-22395	404	5	migration	migration	NOUN
ar-22395	404	6	:	:	PUNCT
ar-22395	404	7	emerging	emerge	VERB
ar-22395	404	8	immigrant	immigrant	ADJ
ar-22395	404	9	divisions	division	NOUN
ar-22395	404	10	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	404	11	labour	labour	NOUN
ar-22395	404	12	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	404	13	greater	great	ADJ
ar-22395	404	14	london	london	PROPN
ar-22395	404	15	’s	’s	PART
ar-22395	404	16	service	service	NOUN
ar-22395	404	17	sector	sector	NOUN
ar-22395	404	18	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	405	1	international	international	ADJ
ar-22395	405	2	journal	journal	PROPN
ar-22395	405	3	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	405	4	urban	urban	ADJ
ar-22395	405	5	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	405	6	regional	regional	ADJ
ar-22395	405	7	research	research	NOUN
ar-22395	405	8	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	405	9	33(1	33(1	NUM
ar-22395	405	10	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	405	11	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	405	12	3­25	3­25	NUM
ar-22395	405	13	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	406	1	mondragon	mondragon	PROPN
ar-22395	406	2	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	406	3	r.	r.	PROPN
ar-22395	406	4	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	406	5	2011	2011	NUM
ar-22395	406	6	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	406	7	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	407	1	injured	injure	VERB
ar-22395	407	2	undocumented	undocumented	ADJ
ar-22395	407	3	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	407	4	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	407	5	their	their	PRON
ar-22395	407	6	workplace	workplace	NOUN
ar-22395	407	7	rights	right	NOUN
ar-22395	407	8	:	:	PUNCT
ar-22395	407	9	advocating	advocate	VERB
ar-22395	407	10	for	for	ADP
ar-22395	407	11	a	a	DET
ar-22395	407	12	retaliation	retaliation	NOUN
ar-22395	407	13	per	per	X
ar-22395	407	14	se	se	X
ar-22395	407	15	rule	rule	PROPN
ar-22395	407	16	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	408	1	columbia	columbia	PROPN
ar-22395	408	2	journal	journal	PROPN
ar-22395	408	3	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	408	4	law	law	NOUN
ar-22395	408	5	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	408	6	social	social	ADJ
ar-22395	408	7	problems	problem	NOUN
ar-22395	408	8	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	408	9	44	44	NUM
ar-22395	408	10	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	408	11	447­481	447­481	PROPN
ar-22395	408	12	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	409	1	monsebraaten	monsebraaten	PROPN
ar-22395	409	2	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	409	3	s.c.l	s.c.l	NOUN
ar-22395	409	4	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	410	1	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	410	2	2009	2009	NUM
ar-22395	410	3	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	410	4	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	411	1	how	how	SCONJ
ar-22395	411	2	we	we	PRON
ar-22395	411	3	’re	’re	AUX
ar-22395	411	4	creating	create	VERB
ar-22395	411	5	an	an	DET
ar-22395	411	6	illegal	illegal	ADJ
ar-22395	411	7	workforce	workforce	NOUN
ar-22395	411	8	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	412	1	toronto	toronto	PROPN
ar-22395	412	2	star	star	PROPN
ar-22395	412	3	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	413	1	http://www.thestar.com/news/investigations/2009/11/01/how_were_cr	http://www.thestar.com/news/investigations/2009/11/01/how_were_cr	PRON
ar-22395	414	1	eating_an_illegal_workforce.html	eating_an_illegal_workforce.html	PROPN
ar-22395	414	2	morales	morale	NOUN
ar-22395	414	3	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	414	4	r.	r.	PROPN
ar-22395	414	5	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	414	6	1983­1984	1983­1984	NUM
ar-22395	414	7	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	414	8	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	415	1	transitional	transitional	ADJ
ar-22395	415	2	labor	labor	NOUN
ar-22395	415	3	:	:	PUNCT
ar-22395	415	4	undocumented	undocumented	ADJ
ar-22395	415	5	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	415	6	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	415	7	the	the	DET
ar-22395	415	8	los	los	PROPN
ar-22395	415	9	angeles	angeles	PROPN
ar-22395	415	10	automobile	automobile	NOUN
ar-22395	415	11	industry	industry	NOUN
ar-22395	415	12	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	416	1	international	international	ADJ
ar-22395	416	2	migration	migration	NOUN
ar-22395	416	3	review	review	NOUN
ar-22395	416	4	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	416	5	17(4	17(4	NUM
ar-22395	416	6	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	416	7	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	416	8	570­596	570­596	NOUN
ar-22395	416	9	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	416	10	national	national	ADJ
ar-22395	416	11	employment	employment	PROPN
ar-22395	416	12	law	law	NOUN
ar-22395	416	13	project	project	NOUN
ar-22395	416	14	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	416	15	nelp	nelp	PROPN
ar-22395	416	16	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	416	17	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	416	18	2011	2011	NUM
ar-22395	416	19	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	416	20	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	417	1	a	a	DET
ar-22395	417	2	year	year	NOUN
ar-22395	417	3	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	417	4	unbalanced	unbalanced	ADJ
ar-22395	417	5	growth	growth	NOUN
ar-22395	417	6	:	:	PUNCT
ar-22395	417	7	industries	industry	NOUN
ar-22395	417	8	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	417	9	wages	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	417	10	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	417	11	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	417	12	the	the	DET
ar-22395	417	13	first	first	ADJ
ar-22395	417	14	12	12	NUM
ar-22395	417	15	months	month	NOUN
ar-22395	417	16	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	417	17	job	job	NOUN
ar-22395	417	18	growth	growth	NOUN
ar-22395	417	19	after	after	ADP
ar-22395	417	20	the	the	DET
ar-22395	417	21	great	great	ADJ
ar-22395	417	22	recession	recession	NOUN
ar-22395	417	23	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	418	1	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
ar-22395	418	2	from	from	ADP
ar-22395	418	3	:	:	PUNCT
ar-22395	418	4	http://www.nelp.org/content/uploads/2015/03/unbalancedgrowthfeb	http://www.nelp.org/content/uploads/2015/03/unbalancedgrowthfeb	PROPN
ar-22395	418	5	2011.pdf	2011.pdf	PROPN
ar-22395	418	6	neumark	neumark	PROPN
ar-22395	418	7	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	418	8	d.	d.	PROPN
ar-22395	418	9	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	418	10	adams	adams	PROPN
ar-22395	418	11	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	418	12	s.	s.	PROPN
ar-22395	418	13	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	418	14	2003	2003	NUM
ar-22395	418	15	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	418	16	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	419	1	do	do	AUX
ar-22395	419	2	living	living	NOUN
ar-22395	419	3	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	419	4	ordinances	ordinance	NOUN
ar-22395	419	5	reduce	reduce	VERB
ar-22395	419	6	urban	urban	ADJ
ar-22395	419	7	poverty	poverty	NOUN
ar-22395	419	8	?	?	PUNCT
ar-22395	420	1	journal	journal	NOUN
ar-22395	420	2	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	420	3	human	human	ADJ
ar-22395	420	4	resources	resource	NOUN
ar-22395	420	5	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	420	6	38(3	38(3	NUM
ar-22395	420	7	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	420	8	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	420	9	490­521	490­521	NUM
ar-22395	420	10	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	421	1	nissen	nissen	PROPN
ar-22395	421	2	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	421	3	b.	b.	PROPN
ar-22395	421	4	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	421	5	2005	2005	NUM
ar-22395	421	6	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	421	7	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	422	1	trouble	trouble	NOUN
ar-22395	422	2	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	422	3	paradise	paradise	NOUN
ar-22395	422	4	:	:	PUNCT
ar-22395	422	5	organizing	organize	VERB
ar-22395	422	6	condominium	condominium	NOUN
ar-22395	422	7	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	422	8	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	422	9	the	the	DET
ar-22395	422	10	sunshine	sunshine	PROPN
ar-22395	422	11	state	state	NOUN
ar-22395	422	12	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	423	1	new	new	ADJ
ar-22395	423	2	labor	labor	PROPN
ar-22395	423	3	forum	forum	PROPN
ar-22395	423	4	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	423	5	14(3	14(3	NUM
ar-22395	423	6	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	423	7	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	423	8	35­43	35­43	NUM
ar-22395	423	9	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	424	1	organization	organization	NOUN
ar-22395	424	2	for	for	ADP
ar-22395	424	3	economic	economic	ADJ
ar-22395	424	4	cooperation	cooperation	NOUN
ar-22395	424	5	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	424	6	development	development	NOUN
ar-22395	424	7	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	424	8	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	424	9	oecd	oecd	PROPN
ar-22395	424	10	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	424	11	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	424	12	2011	2011	NUM
ar-22395	424	13	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	424	14	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	425	1	divided	divide	VERB
ar-22395	425	2	we	we	PRON
ar-22395	425	3	stand	stand	VERB
ar-22395	425	4	:	:	PUNCT
ar-22395	425	5	why	why	SCONJ
ar-22395	425	6	inequality	inequality	NOUN
ar-22395	425	7	keeps	keep	VERB
ar-22395	425	8	rising	rise	VERB
ar-22395	425	9	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	426	1	www.oecd.org/els/social/inequality	www.oecd.org/els/social/inequality	NOUN
ar-22395	426	2	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	426	3	oxman­martinez	oxman­martinez	NOUN
ar-22395	426	4	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	426	5	j.	j.	PROPN
ar-22395	426	6	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	426	7	hanley	hanley	PROPN
ar-22395	426	8	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	426	9	j.	j.	PROPN
ar-22395	426	10	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	426	11	lach	lach	PROPN
ar-22395	426	12	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	426	13	l.	l.	PROPN
ar-22395	426	14	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	426	15	khanlou	khanlou	PROPN
ar-22395	426	16	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	426	17	n.	n.	NOUN
ar-22395	426	18	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	426	19	weerasinghe	weerasinghe	ADJ
ar-22395	426	20	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	426	21	s.	s.	PROPN
ar-22395	426	22	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	426	23	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	426	24	agnew	agnew	PROPN
ar-22395	426	25	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	426	26	v.	v.	PROPN
ar-22395	426	27	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	426	28	2005	2005	NUM
ar-22395	426	29	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	426	30	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	427	1	intersection	intersection	NOUN
ar-22395	427	2	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	427	3	canadian	canadian	ADJ
ar-22395	427	4	policy	policy	NOUN
ar-22395	427	5	parameters	parameter	NOUN
ar-22395	427	6	affecting	affect	VERB
ar-22395	427	7	women	woman	NOUN
ar-22395	427	8	with	with	ADP
ar-22395	427	9	precarious	precarious	ADJ
ar-22395	427	10	immigration	immigration	NOUN
ar-22395	427	11	status	status	NOUN
ar-22395	427	12	:	:	PUNCT
ar-22395	427	13	a	a	DET
ar-22395	427	14	baseline	baseline	ADJ
ar-22395	427	15	‘	'	PUNCT
ar-22395	427	16	illegalized	illegalize	VERB
ar-22395	427	17	’	'	PUNCT
ar-22395	427	18	migrant	migrant	ADJ
ar-22395	427	19	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	427	20	|	|	ADV
ar-22395	427	21	133	133	NUM
ar-22395	427	22	for	for	ADP
ar-22395	427	23	understanding	understand	VERB
ar-22395	427	24	barriers	barrier	NOUN
ar-22395	427	25	to	to	ADP
ar-22395	427	26	health	health	NOUN
ar-22395	427	27	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	428	1	journal	journal	PROPN
ar-22395	428	2	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	428	3	immigrant	immigrant	ADJ
ar-22395	428	4	health	health	NOUN
ar-22395	428	5	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	428	6	7(4	7(4	NUM
ar-22395	428	7	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	428	8	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	428	9	247­258	247­258	NUM
ar-22395	428	10	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	429	1	pastor	pastor	PROPN
ar-22395	429	2	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	429	3	m.j	m.j	PROPN
ar-22395	429	4	.	.	PROPN
ar-22395	429	5	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	429	6	2001	2001	NUM
ar-22395	429	7	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	429	8	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	430	1	common	common	ADJ
ar-22395	430	2	ground	ground	NOUN
ar-22395	430	3	at	at	ADP
ar-22395	430	4	ground	ground	NOUN
ar-22395	430	5	zero	zero	NUM
ar-22395	430	6	?	?	PUNCT
ar-22395	431	1	the	the	DET
ar-22395	431	2	new	new	ADJ
ar-22395	431	3	economy	economy	NOUN
ar-22395	431	4	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	431	5	the	the	DET
ar-22395	431	6	new	new	ADJ
ar-22395	431	7	organizing	organizing	NOUN
ar-22395	431	8	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	431	9	los	los	PROPN
ar-22395	431	10	angeles	angeles	PROPN
ar-22395	431	11	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	432	1	antipode	antipode	PROPN
ar-22395	432	2	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	432	3	260­289	260­289	NUM
ar-22395	432	4	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	433	1	peck	peck	PROPN
ar-22395	433	2	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	433	3	j.	j.	PROPN
ar-22395	433	4	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	433	5	theodore	theodore	PROPN
ar-22395	433	6	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	433	7	n.	n.	PROPN
ar-22395	433	8	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	433	9	2001	2001	NUM
ar-22395	433	10	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	433	11	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	434	1	contingent	contingent	PROPN
ar-22395	434	2	chicago	chicago	PROPN
ar-22395	434	3	:	:	PUNCT
ar-22395	434	4	restructuring	restructure	VERB
ar-22395	434	5	the	the	DET
ar-22395	434	6	spaces	space	NOUN
ar-22395	434	7	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	434	8	temporary	temporary	ADJ
ar-22395	434	9	labor	labor	NOUN
ar-22395	434	10	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	435	1	international	international	ADJ
ar-22395	435	2	journal	journal	PROPN
ar-22395	435	3	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	435	4	urban	urban	ADJ
ar-22395	435	5	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	435	6	regional	regional	ADJ
ar-22395	435	7	research	research	NOUN
ar-22395	435	8	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	435	9	25(3	25(3	NUM
ar-22395	435	10	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	435	11	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	435	12	471­496	471­496	NOUN
ar-22395	435	13	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	436	1	pei	pei	PROPN
ar-22395	436	2	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	436	3	n.	n.	PROPN
ar-22395	436	4	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	436	5	personal	personal	ADJ
ar-22395	436	6	communication	communication	NOUN
ar-22395	436	7	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	436	8	july	july	PROPN
ar-22395	436	9	9	9	NUM
ar-22395	436	10	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	436	11	2015	2015	NUM
ar-22395	436	12	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	436	13	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	437	1	pollin	pollin	PROPN
ar-22395	437	2	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	437	3	r.	r.	PROPN
ar-22395	437	4	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	437	5	2005	2005	NUM
ar-22395	437	6	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	437	7	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	438	1	evaluating	evaluate	VERB
ar-22395	438	2	living	live	VERB
ar-22395	438	3	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	438	4	laws	law	NOUN
ar-22395	438	5	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	438	6	the	the	DET
ar-22395	438	7	united	united	PROPN
ar-22395	438	8	states	states	PROPN
ar-22395	438	9	:	:	PUNCT
ar-22395	438	10	good	good	ADJ
ar-22395	438	11	intentions	intention	NOUN
ar-22395	438	12	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	438	13	economic	economic	ADJ
ar-22395	438	14	reality	reality	NOUN
ar-22395	438	15	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	438	16	conflict	conflict	NOUN
ar-22395	438	17	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	439	1	economic	economic	ADJ
ar-22395	439	2	development	development	PROPN
ar-22395	439	3	quarterly	quarterly	PROPN
ar-22395	439	4	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	439	5	19(1	19(1	NUM
ar-22395	439	6	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	439	7	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	439	8	3­24	3­24	X
ar-22395	439	9	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	440	1	pollin	pollin	PROPN
ar-22395	440	2	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	440	3	r.	r.	PROPN
ar-22395	440	4	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	440	5	luce	luce	PROPN
ar-22395	440	6	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	440	7	s.	s.	PROPN
ar-22395	440	8	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	440	9	1998	1998	NUM
ar-22395	440	10	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	440	11	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	441	1	the	the	DET
ar-22395	441	2	living	live	VERB
ar-22395	441	3	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	441	4	:	:	PUNCT
ar-22395	441	5	building	build	VERB
ar-22395	441	6	a	a	DET
ar-22395	441	7	fair	fair	ADJ
ar-22395	441	8	economy	economy	NOUN
ar-22395	441	9	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	442	1	new	new	PROPN
ar-22395	442	2	york	york	PROPN
ar-22395	442	3	:	:	PUNCT
ar-22395	442	4	the	the	DET
ar-22395	442	5	new	new	ADJ
ar-22395	442	6	press	press	NOUN
ar-22395	442	7	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	443	1	reich	reich	PROPN
ar-22395	443	2	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	443	3	m.	m.	NOUN
ar-22395	443	4	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	443	5	hall	hall	PROPN
ar-22395	443	6	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	443	7	p.	p.	NOUN
ar-22395	443	8	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	443	9	jacobs	jacobs	PROPN
ar-22395	443	10	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	443	11	k.	k.	PROPN
ar-22395	443	12	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	443	13	2005	2005	NUM
ar-22395	443	14	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	443	15	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	444	1	living	live	VERB
ar-22395	444	2	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	444	3	policies	policy	NOUN
ar-22395	444	4	at	at	ADP
ar-22395	444	5	the	the	DET
ar-22395	444	6	san	san	PROPN
ar-22395	444	7	francisco	francisco	PROPN
ar-22395	444	8	airport	airport	NOUN
ar-22395	444	9	:	:	PUNCT
ar-22395	444	10	impacts	impact	NOUN
ar-22395	444	11	on	on	ADP
ar-22395	444	12	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	444	13	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	444	14	businesses	business	NOUN
ar-22395	444	15	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	445	1	industrial	industrial	ADJ
ar-22395	445	2	relations	relation	NOUN
ar-22395	445	3	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	445	4	44	44	NUM
ar-22395	445	5	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	445	6	106­138	106­138	NUM
ar-22395	445	7	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	446	1	reynolds	reynolds	PROPN
ar-22395	446	2	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	446	3	d.	d.	PROPN
ar-22395	446	4	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	446	5	2001	2001	NUM
ar-22395	446	6	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	446	7	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	447	1	living	live	VERB
ar-22395	447	2	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	447	3	campaigns	campaign	NOUN
ar-22395	447	4	as	as	ADP
ar-22395	447	5	social	social	ADJ
ar-22395	447	6	movements	movement	NOUN
ar-22395	447	7	:	:	PUNCT
ar-22395	447	8	experiences	experience	NOUN
ar-22395	447	9	from	from	ADP
ar-22395	447	10	nine	nine	NUM
ar-22395	447	11	cities	city	NOUN
ar-22395	447	12	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	448	1	labor	labor	NOUN
ar-22395	448	2	studies	studies	PROPN
ar-22395	448	3	journal	journal	NOUN
ar-22395	448	4	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	449	1	26(2	26(2	NUM
ar-22395	449	2	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	449	3	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	450	1	31­64	31­64	X
ar-22395	450	2	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	451	1	rienzo	rienzo	NOUN
ar-22395	451	2	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	451	3	c.	c.	NOUN
ar-22395	451	4	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	451	5	2014	2014	NUM
ar-22395	451	6	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	451	7	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	452	1	migrant	migrant	NOUN
ar-22395	452	2	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	452	3	the	the	DET
ar-22395	452	4	uk	uk	PROPN
ar-22395	452	5	labour	labour	NOUN
ar-22395	452	6	market	market	NOUN
ar-22395	452	7	:	:	PUNCT
ar-22395	452	8	an	an	DET
ar-22395	452	9	overview	overview	NOUN
ar-22395	452	10	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	453	1	migration	migration	NOUN
ar-22395	453	2	observatory	observatory	ADJ
ar-22395	453	3	briefing	briefing	NOUN
ar-22395	453	4	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	453	5	compas	compas	NOUN
ar-22395	453	6	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	453	7	university	university	NOUN
ar-22395	453	8	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	453	9	oxford	oxford	PROPN
ar-22395	453	10	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	453	11	uk	uk	PROPN
ar-22395	453	12	.	.	PROPN
ar-22395	453	13	rivera­batiz	rivera­batiz	PROPN
ar-22395	453	14	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	453	15	f.	f.	PROPN
ar-22395	453	16	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	453	17	1999	1999	NUM
ar-22395	453	18	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	453	19	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	454	1	undocumented	undocumented	ADJ
ar-22395	454	2	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	454	3	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	454	4	the	the	DET
ar-22395	454	5	labour	labour	NOUN
ar-22395	454	6	market	market	NOUN
ar-22395	454	7	:	:	PUNCT
ar-22395	454	8	an	an	DET
ar-22395	454	9	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ar-22395	454	10	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	454	11	the	the	DET
ar-22395	454	12	earnings	earning	NOUN
ar-22395	454	13	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	454	14	legal	legal	ADJ
ar-22395	454	15	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	454	16	illegal	illegal	ADJ
ar-22395	454	17	mexican	mexican	ADJ
ar-22395	454	18	immigrants	immigrant	NOUN
ar-22395	454	19	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	454	20	the	the	DET
ar-22395	454	21	united	united	PROPN
ar-22395	454	22	states	states	PROPN
ar-22395	454	23	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	455	1	journal	journal	PROPN
ar-22395	455	2	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	455	3	population	population	NOUN
ar-22395	455	4	economics	economic	NOUN
ar-22395	455	5	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	455	6	12	12	NUM
ar-22395	455	7	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	455	8	91­116	91­116	NUM
ar-22395	455	9	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	455	10	ryan	ryan	PROPN
ar-22395	455	11	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	456	1	j.a	j.a	PROPN
ar-22395	456	2	.	.	PROPN
ar-22395	456	3	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	456	4	1920	1920	NUM
ar-22395	456	5	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	456	6	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	457	1	a	a	DET
ar-22395	457	2	living	live	VERB
ar-22395	457	3	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	457	4	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	457	5	revised	revise	VERB
ar-22395	457	6	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	457	7	abridged	abridge	VERB
ar-22395	457	8	edition	edition	NOUN
ar-22395	457	9	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	457	10	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	458	1	new	new	PROPN
ar-22395	458	2	york	york	PROPN
ar-22395	458	3	:	:	PUNCT
ar-22395	458	4	the	the	DET
ar-22395	458	5	macmillan	macmillan	PROPN
ar-22395	458	6	company	company	PROPN
ar-22395	458	7	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	459	1	saito	saito	PROPN
ar-22395	459	2	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	459	3	l.	l.	PROPN
ar-22395	459	4	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	459	5	truoung	truoung	PROPN
ar-22395	459	6	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	459	7	j.	j.	PROPN
ar-22395	459	8	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	459	9	2015	2015	NUM
ar-22395	459	10	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	459	11	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	460	1	the	the	DET
ar-22395	460	2	l.a	l.a	PROPN
ar-22395	460	3	.	.	PROPN
ar-22395	460	4	live	live	PROPN
ar-22395	460	5	community	community	NOUN
ar-22395	460	6	benefits	benefit	NOUN
ar-22395	460	7	agreement	agreement	NOUN
ar-22395	460	8	:	:	PUNCT
ar-22395	460	9	evaluating	evaluate	VERB
ar-22395	460	10	the	the	DET
ar-22395	460	11	agreement	agreement	NOUN
ar-22395	460	12	results	result	NOUN
ar-22395	460	13	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	460	14	shifting	shift	VERB
ar-22395	460	15	political	political	ADJ
ar-22395	460	16	power	power	NOUN
ar-22395	460	17	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	460	18	the	the	DET
ar-22395	460	19	city	city	NOUN
ar-22395	460	20	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	461	1	urban	urban	PROPN
ar-22395	461	2	affairs	affairs	PROPN
ar-22395	461	3	review	review	PROPN
ar-22395	461	4	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	461	5	51(2	51(2	NUM
ar-22395	461	6	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	461	7	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	461	8	263­289	263­289	NUM
ar-22395	461	9	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	462	1	134	134	NUM
ar-22395	462	2	|	|	ADV
ar-22395	462	3	precarious	precarious	ADJ
ar-22395	462	4	work	work	NOUN
ar-22395	462	5	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	462	6	the	the	DET
ar-22395	462	7	struggle	struggle	NOUN
ar-22395	462	8	for	for	ADP
ar-22395	462	9	living	live	VERB
ar-22395	462	10	wages	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	462	11	sassen	sassen	PROPN
ar-22395	462	12	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	462	13	s.	s.	PROPN
ar-22395	462	14	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	462	15	2006	2006	NUM
ar-22395	462	16	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	462	17	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	463	1	cities	city	NOUN
ar-22395	463	2	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	463	3	a	a	DET
ar-22395	463	4	world	world	NOUN
ar-22395	463	5	economy	economy	NOUN
ar-22395	463	6	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	464	1	california	california	PROPN
ar-22395	464	2	:	:	PUNCT
ar-22395	464	3	pine	pine	VERB
ar-22395	464	4	forge	forge	NOUN
ar-22395	464	5	press	press	NOUN
ar-22395	464	6	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	465	1	sassen	sassen	PROPN
ar-22395	465	2	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	465	3	s.	s.	PROPN
ar-22395	465	4	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	465	5	1988	1988	NUM
ar-22395	465	6	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	465	7	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	466	1	the	the	DET
ar-22395	466	2	mobility	mobility	NOUN
ar-22395	466	3	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	466	4	labor	labor	NOUN
ar-22395	466	5	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	466	6	capital	capital	NOUN
ar-22395	466	7	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	467	1	cambridge	cambridge	PROPN
ar-22395	467	2	:	:	PUNCT
ar-22395	467	3	cambridge	cambridge	PROPN
ar-22395	467	4	university	university	PROPN
ar-22395	467	5	press	press	NOUN
ar-22395	467	6	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	468	1	sawchuk	sawchuk	PROPN
ar-22395	468	2	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	468	3	p.h	p.h	PROPN
ar-22395	468	4	.	.	PROPN
ar-22395	468	5	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	468	6	kempf	kempf	PROPN
ar-22395	468	7	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	468	8	a.	a.	NOUN
ar-22395	468	9	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	468	10	2008	2008	NUM
ar-22395	468	11	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	468	12	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	469	1	guest	guest	NOUN
ar-22395	469	2	worker	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	469	3	programs	program	NOUN
ar-22395	469	4	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	469	5	canada	canada	PROPN
ar-22395	469	6	:	:	PUNCT
ar-22395	469	7	towards	towards	ADP
ar-22395	469	8	a	a	DET
ar-22395	469	9	foundation	foundation	NOUN
ar-22395	469	10	for	for	ADP
ar-22395	469	11	understanding	understand	VERB
ar-22395	469	12	the	the	DET
ar-22395	469	13	complex	complex	ADJ
ar-22395	469	14	pedagogies	pedagogy	NOUN
ar-22395	469	15	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	469	16	transnational	transnational	ADJ
ar-22395	469	17	labour	labour	NOUN
ar-22395	469	18	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	470	1	journal	journal	PROPN
ar-22395	470	2	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	470	3	workplace	workplace	NOUN
ar-22395	470	4	learning	learning	NOUN
ar-22395	470	5	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	470	6	20(7/8	20(7/8	NUM
ar-22395	470	7	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	470	8	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	470	9	492­502	492­502	NUM
ar-22395	470	10	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	471	1	schierup	schierup	PROPN
ar-22395	471	2	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	471	3	c.u	c.u	PROPN
ar-22395	471	4	.	.	PROPN
ar-22395	471	5	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	471	6	munck	munck	PROPN
ar-22395	471	7	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	471	8	r.	r.	PROPN
ar-22395	471	9	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	471	10	likić­brborić	likić­brborić	PROPN
ar-22395	471	11	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	471	12	b.	b.	PROPN
ar-22395	471	13	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	471	14	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	471	15	neergaard	neergaard	VERB
ar-22395	471	16	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	471	17	a.	a.	NOUN
ar-22395	471	18	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	471	19	2015	2015	NUM
ar-22395	471	20	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	471	21	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	472	1	introduction	introduction	NOUN
ar-22395	472	2	:	:	PUNCT
ar-22395	472	3	migration	migration	NOUN
ar-22395	472	4	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	472	5	precarity	precarity	NOUN
ar-22395	472	6	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	472	7	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	472	8	global	global	ADJ
ar-22395	472	9	governance	governance	NOUN
ar-22395	472	10	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	473	1	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	473	2	c.u	c.u	PROPN
ar-22395	473	3	.	.	PROPN
ar-22395	473	4	schierup	schierup	PROPN
ar-22395	473	5	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	473	6	r.	r.	PROPN
ar-22395	473	7	munck	munck	PROPN
ar-22395	473	8	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	473	9	b.	b.	PROPN
ar-22395	473	10	likić­brborić	likić­brborić	PROPN
ar-22395	473	11	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	473	12	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	473	13	a.	a.	NOUN
ar-22395	473	14	neergaard	neergaard	PROPN
ar-22395	473	15	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	473	16	eds	ed	NOUN
ar-22395	473	17	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	473	18	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	473	19	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	473	20	migration	migration	NOUN
ar-22395	473	21	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	473	22	precarity	precarity	NOUN
ar-22395	473	23	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	473	24	global	global	ADJ
ar-22395	473	25	governance	governance	NOUN
ar-22395	473	26	:	:	PUNCT
ar-22395	473	27	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ar-22395	473	28	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	473	29	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
ar-22395	473	30	for	for	ADP
ar-22395	473	31	labour	labour	NOUN
ar-22395	473	32	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	473	33	pp	pp	ADJ
ar-22395	473	34	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	473	35	1­24	1­24	NUM
ar-22395	473	36	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	473	37	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	474	1	uk	uk	PROPN
ar-22395	474	2	:	:	PUNCT
ar-22395	474	3	oxford	oxford	PROPN
ar-22395	474	4	university	university	PROPN
ar-22395	474	5	press	press	NOUN
ar-22395	474	6	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	475	1	schoenberger	schoenberger	PROPN
ar-22395	475	2	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	475	3	e.	e.	PROPN
ar-22395	475	4	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	475	5	2000	2000	NUM
ar-22395	475	6	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	475	7	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	476	1	the	the	DET
ar-22395	476	2	living	live	VERB
ar-22395	476	3	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	476	4	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	476	5	baltimore	baltimore	PROPN
ar-22395	476	6	:	:	PUNCT
ar-22395	476	7	impacts	impact	NOUN
ar-22395	476	8	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	476	9	reflections	reflection	NOUN
ar-22395	476	10	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	477	1	review	review	NOUN
ar-22395	477	2	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	477	3	radical	radical	ADJ
ar-22395	477	4	political	political	ADJ
ar-22395	477	5	economics	economic	NOUN
ar-22395	477	6	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	477	7	32(3	32(3	NUM
ar-22395	477	8	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	477	9	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	477	10	428­436	428­436	NUM
ar-22395	477	11	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	478	1	sharma	sharma	PROPN
ar-22395	478	2	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	478	3	n.	n.	NOUN
ar-22395	478	4	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	478	5	2006	2006	NUM
ar-22395	478	6	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	478	7	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	479	1	home	home	NOUN
ar-22395	479	2	economics	economic	NOUN
ar-22395	479	3	:	:	PUNCT
ar-22395	479	4	nationalism	nationalism	NOUN
ar-22395	479	5	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	479	6	the	the	DET
ar-22395	479	7	making	making	NOUN
ar-22395	479	8	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	479	9	migrant	migrant	ADJ
ar-22395	479	10	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	479	11	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	479	12	canada	canada	PROPN
ar-22395	479	13	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	480	1	toronto	toronto	PROPN
ar-22395	480	2	:	:	PUNCT
ar-22395	480	3	university	university	PROPN
ar-22395	480	4	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	480	5	toronto	toronto	PROPN
ar-22395	480	6	press	press	PROPN
ar-22395	480	7	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	481	1	sidhu	sidhu	PROPN
ar-22395	481	2	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	481	3	n.	n.	PROPN
ar-22395	481	4	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	481	5	2013	2013	NUM
ar-22395	481	6	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	481	7	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	482	1	accessing	access	VERB
ar-22395	482	2	community	community	NOUN
ar-22395	482	3	programs	program	NOUN
ar-22395	482	4	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	482	5	services	service	NOUN
ar-22395	482	6	for	for	ADP
ar-22395	482	7	non­	non­	NOUN
ar-22395	482	8	status	status	NOUN
ar-22395	482	9	immigrants	immigrant	NOUN
ar-22395	482	10	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	482	11	ontario	ontario	NOUN
ar-22395	482	12	:	:	PUNCT
ar-22395	482	13	organizational	organizational	ADJ
ar-22395	482	14	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ar-22395	482	15	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	482	16	responses	response	NOUN
ar-22395	482	17	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	483	1	social	social	PROPN
ar-22395	483	2	planning	planning	PROPN
ar-22395	483	3	toronto	toronto	PROPN
ar-22395	483	4	.	.	PROPN
ar-22395	484	1	http://www.socialplanningtoronto.org/wp­	http://www.socialplanningtoronto.org/wp­	PROPN
ar-22395	484	2	content	content	NOUN
ar-22395	484	3	/	/	SYM
ar-22395	484	4	uploads/2013/08	uploads/2013/08	ADJ
ar-22395	484	5	/	/	SYM
ar-22395	484	6	accessing­community­programs­and­	accessing­community­programs­and­	ADJ
ar-22395	484	7	services­for­non­status­immigrants­in­toronto­organizational­	services­for­non­status­immigrants­in­toronto­organizational­	PROPN
ar-22395	484	8	challenges­and­responses.pdf	challenges­and­responses.pdf	PROPN
ar-22395	484	9	smith	smith	PROPN
ar-22395	484	10	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	484	11	r.	r.	PROPN
ar-22395	484	12	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	484	13	avendano	avendano	PROPN
ar-22395	484	14	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	484	15	a.a	a.a	PROPN
ar-22395	484	16	.	.	PROPN
ar-22395	484	17	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	484	18	ortega	ortega	PROPN
ar-22395	484	19	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	484	20	j.m	j.m	PROPN
ar-22395	484	21	.	.	PROPN
ar-22395	484	22	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	484	23	2009	2009	NUM
ar-22395	484	24	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	484	25	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	485	1	iced	ice	VERB
ar-22395	485	2	out	out	ADP
ar-22395	485	3	:	:	PUNCT
ar-22395	485	4	how	how	SCONJ
ar-22395	485	5	immigration	immigration	NOUN
ar-22395	485	6	enforcement	enforcement	NOUN
ar-22395	485	7	has	have	AUX
ar-22395	485	8	interfered	interfere	VERB
ar-22395	485	9	with	with	ADP
ar-22395	485	10	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	485	11	’	’	PART
ar-22395	485	12	rights	right	NOUN
ar-22395	485	13	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	486	1	labor	labor	NOUN
ar-22395	486	2	unions	union	NOUN
ar-22395	486	3	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	487	1	http://digitalcommons.ilr.cornell.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=102	http://digitalcommons.ilr.cornell.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=102	PRON
ar-22395	487	2	0andcontext	0andcontext	NUM
ar-22395	487	3	=	=	SYM
ar-22395	487	4	laborunions	laborunion	NOUN
ar-22395	487	5	smith	smith	PROPN
ar-22395	487	6	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	487	7	r.	r.	PROPN
ar-22395	487	8	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	487	9	cho	cho	PROPN
ar-22395	487	10	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	487	11	e.h	e.h	PROPN
ar-22395	487	12	.	.	PROPN
ar-22395	487	13	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	487	14	2013	2013	NUM
ar-22395	487	15	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	487	16	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	488	1	worker	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	488	2	’s	’s	PART
ar-22395	488	3	rights	right	NOUN
ar-22395	488	4	on	on	ADP
ar-22395	488	5	ice	ice	NOUN
ar-22395	488	6	:	:	PUNCT
ar-22395	488	7	how	how	SCONJ
ar-22395	488	8	immigration	immigration	NOUN
ar-22395	488	9	reform	reform	NOUN
ar-22395	488	10	can	can	AUX
ar-22395	488	11	stop	stop	VERB
ar-22395	488	12	retaliation	retaliation	NOUN
ar-22395	488	13	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	488	14	advance	advance	NOUN
ar-22395	488	15	labor	labor	NOUN
ar-22395	488	16	rights	right	NOUN
ar-22395	488	17	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	489	1	nelp	nelp	PROPN
ar-22395	489	2	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	490	1	http://www.nelp.org/page/­/justice/2013/workers­	http://www.nelp.org/page/­/justice/2013/workers­	ADJ
ar-22395	490	2	rights­on­ice­retaliation­report.pdf?nocdn=1	rights­on­ice­retaliation­report.pdf?nocdn=1	X
ar-22395	490	3	‘	'	PUNCT
ar-22395	490	4	illegalized	illegalize	VERB
ar-22395	490	5	’	'	PUNCT
ar-22395	490	6	migrant	migrant	ADJ
ar-22395	490	7	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	490	8	|	|	ADV
ar-22395	490	9	135	135	NUM
ar-22395	490	10	solidarity	solidarity	PROPN
ar-22395	490	11	city	city	NOUN
ar-22395	490	12	network	network	NOUN
ar-22395	490	13	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	491	1	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	491	2	2013	2013	NUM
ar-22395	491	3	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	491	4	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	492	1	towards	towards	ADP
ar-22395	492	2	a	a	DET
ar-22395	492	3	sanctuary	sanctuary	ADJ
ar-22395	492	4	city	city	NOUN
ar-22395	492	5	:	:	PUNCT
ar-22395	492	6	assessment	assessment	NOUN
ar-22395	492	7	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	492	8	recommendations	recommendation	NOUN
ar-22395	492	9	on	on	ADP
ar-22395	492	10	municipal	municipal	ADJ
ar-22395	492	11	service	service	NOUN
ar-22395	492	12	provision	provision	NOUN
ar-22395	492	13	to	to	ADP
ar-22395	492	14	undocumented	undocumented	ADJ
ar-22395	492	15	residents	resident	NOUN
ar-22395	492	16	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	492	17	toronto	toronto	PROPN
ar-22395	492	18	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	493	1	http://solidaritycity.net/learn/report­towards­a­sanctuary­city/	http://solidaritycity.net/learn/report­towards­a­sanctuary­city/	PROPN
ar-22395	493	2	standing	standing	PROPN
ar-22395	493	3	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	493	4	g.	g.	PROPN
ar-22395	493	5	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	493	6	2011	2011	NUM
ar-22395	493	7	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	493	8	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	494	1	the	the	DET
ar-22395	494	2	precariat	precariat	NOUN
ar-22395	494	3	:	:	PUNCT
ar-22395	494	4	the	the	DET
ar-22395	494	5	new	new	ADJ
ar-22395	494	6	dangerous	dangerous	ADJ
ar-22395	494	7	class	class	NOUN
ar-22395	494	8	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	495	1	london	london	PROPN
ar-22395	495	2	:	:	PUNCT
ar-22395	495	3	bloomsbury	bloomsbury	NOUN
ar-22395	495	4	academic	academic	NOUN
ar-22395	495	5	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	496	1	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
ar-22395	496	2	from	from	ADP
ar-22395	496	3	:	:	PUNCT
ar-22395	496	4	http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781849664554	http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781849664554	NOUN
ar-22395	496	5	steinlight	steinlight	ADJ
ar-22395	496	6	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	496	7	s.	s.	PROPN
ar-22395	496	8	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	496	9	glazov	glazov	PROPN
ar-22395	496	10	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	496	11	j.	j.	PROPN
ar-22395	496	12	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	496	13	2008	2008	NUM
ar-22395	496	14	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	496	15	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	497	1	mass	mass	ADJ
ar-22395	497	2	immigration	immigration	NOUN
ar-22395	497	3	–	–	PUNCT
ar-22395	497	4	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	497	5	exploitation	exploitation	NOUN
ar-22395	497	6	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	498	1	frontpage	frontpage	NOUN
ar-22395	498	2	magazine	magazine	NOUN
ar-22395	498	3	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	498	4	centre	centre	NOUN
ar-22395	498	5	for	for	ADP
ar-22395	498	6	immigration	immigration	NOUN
ar-22395	498	7	studies	study	NOUN
ar-22395	498	8	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	498	9	http://www.cis.org/massexploitation	http://www.cis.org/massexploitation	PROPN
ar-22395	498	10	tapia	tapia	PROPN
ar-22395	498	11	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	498	12	m.	m.	NOUN
ar-22395	498	13	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	498	14	turner	turner	PROPN
ar-22395	498	15	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	498	16	l.	l.	PROPN
ar-22395	498	17	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	498	18	2013	2013	NUM
ar-22395	498	19	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	498	20	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	499	1	union	union	NOUN
ar-22395	499	2	campaigns	campaign	NOUN
ar-22395	499	3	as	as	ADP
ar-22395	499	4	countermovements	countermovement	NOUN
ar-22395	499	5	:	:	PUNCT
ar-22395	499	6	mobilizing	mobilize	VERB
ar-22395	499	7	immigrant	immigrant	ADJ
ar-22395	499	8	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	499	9	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	499	10	france	france	PROPN
ar-22395	499	11	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	499	12	the	the	DET
ar-22395	499	13	united	united	ADJ
ar-22395	499	14	kingdom	kingdom	PROPN
ar-22395	499	15	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	500	1	british	british	ADJ
ar-22395	500	2	journal	journal	PROPN
ar-22395	500	3	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	500	4	industrial	industrial	ADJ
ar-22395	500	5	relations	relation	NOUN
ar-22395	500	6	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	500	7	51(3	51(3	NUM
ar-22395	500	8	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	500	9	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	500	10	601­622	601­622	NUM
ar-22395	500	11	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	501	1	thornley	thornley	PROPN
ar-22395	501	2	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	501	3	c.	c.	PROPN
ar-22395	501	4	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	501	5	jeffreys	jeffreys	PROPN
ar-22395	501	6	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	501	7	s.	s.	PROPN
ar-22395	501	8	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	501	9	appay	appay	VERB
ar-22395	501	10	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	501	11	b.	b.	PROPN
ar-22395	501	12	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	501	13	2010	2010	NUM
ar-22395	501	14	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	501	15	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	502	1	globalisation	globalisation	NOUN
ar-22395	502	2	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	502	3	precarious	precarious	ADJ
ar-22395	502	4	forms	form	NOUN
ar-22395	502	5	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	502	6	production	production	NOUN
ar-22395	502	7	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	502	8	employment	employment	NOUN
ar-22395	502	9	:	:	PUNCT
ar-22395	502	10	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ar-22395	502	11	for	for	ADP
ar-22395	502	12	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	502	13	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	502	14	unions	union	NOUN
ar-22395	502	15	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	503	1	cheltenham	cheltenham	PROPN
ar-22395	503	2	:	:	PUNCT
ar-22395	503	3	edward	edward	PROPN
ar-22395	503	4	elgar	elgar	PROPN
ar-22395	503	5	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	504	1	vosko	vosko	PROPN
ar-22395	504	2	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	504	3	l.	l.	PROPN
ar-22395	504	4	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	504	5	thomas	thomas	PROPN
ar-22395	504	6	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	504	7	m.	m.	NOUN
ar-22395	504	8	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	504	9	hick	hick	PROPN
ar-22395	504	10	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	504	11	a.	a.	NOUN
ar-22395	504	12	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	504	13	chun	chun	PROPN
ar-22395	504	14	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	504	15	j.j	j.j	PROPN
ar-22395	504	16	.	.	PROPN
ar-22395	504	17	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	504	18	2013	2013	NUM
ar-22395	504	19	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	504	20	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	505	1	organizing	organize	VERB
ar-22395	505	2	precariously­employed	precariously­employe	VERB
ar-22395	505	3	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	505	4	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	505	5	canada	canada	PROPN
ar-22395	505	6	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	506	1	www.irle.ucla.edu/research/documents/canada.docx	www.irle.ucla.edu/research/documents/canada.docx	VERB
ar-22395	506	2	walia	walia	PROPN
ar-22395	506	3	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	506	4	h.	h.	PROPN
ar-22395	506	5	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	506	6	2010	2010	NUM
ar-22395	506	7	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	506	8	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	507	1	transient	transient	ADJ
ar-22395	507	2	servitude	servitude	NOUN
ar-22395	507	3	:	:	PUNCT
ar-22395	507	4	migrant	migrant	ADJ
ar-22395	507	5	labour	labour	NOUN
ar-22395	507	6	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	507	7	canada	canada	PROPN
ar-22395	507	8	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	507	9	the	the	DET
ar-22395	507	10	apartheid	apartheid	NOUN
ar-22395	507	11	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	507	12	citizenship	citizenship	NOUN
ar-22395	507	13	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	508	1	race	race	NOUN
ar-22395	508	2	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	508	3	class	class	NOUN
ar-22395	508	4	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	508	5	52(71	52(71	NUM
ar-22395	508	6	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	508	7	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	508	8	71­84	71­84	NUM
ar-22395	508	9	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	508	10	wellesley	wellesley	PROPN
ar-22395	508	11	institute	institute	PROPN
ar-22395	508	12	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	509	1	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	509	2	2015	2015	NUM
ar-22395	509	3	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	509	4	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	510	1	contracting	contract	VERB
ar-22395	510	2	out	out	ADP
ar-22395	510	3	the	the	DET
ar-22395	510	4	city	city	NOUN
ar-22395	510	5	:	:	PUNCT
ar-22395	510	6	effects	effect	NOUN
ar-22395	510	7	on	on	ADP
ar-22395	510	8	workers	worker	NOUN
ar-22395	510	9	’	’	PART
ar-22395	510	10	health	health	NOUN
ar-22395	510	11	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	511	1	wellesley	wellesley	PROPN
ar-22395	511	2	institute	institute	PROPN
ar-22395	511	3	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	512	1	http://www.wellesleyinstitute.com/wp­	http://www.wellesleyinstitute.com/wp­	NOUN
ar-22395	512	2	content	content	NOUN
ar-22395	512	3	/	/	SYM
ar-22395	512	4	uploads/2015/04	uploads/2015/04	PROPN
ar-22395	512	5	/	/	SYM
ar-22395	512	6	contracting­out­at­the­city_wellesley­	contracting­out­at­the­city_wellesley­	NOUN
ar-22395	512	7	institute_2015.pdf	institute_2015.pdf	NOUN
ar-22395	512	8	wills	will	NOUN
ar-22395	512	9	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	512	10	j.	j.	PROPN
ar-22395	512	11	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	512	12	2008	2008	NUM
ar-22395	512	13	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	512	14	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	513	1	making	make	VERB
ar-22395	513	2	class	class	NOUN
ar-22395	513	3	politics	politic	NOUN
ar-22395	513	4	possible	possible	ADJ
ar-22395	513	5	:	:	PUNCT
ar-22395	513	6	organizing	organize	VERB
ar-22395	513	7	contract	contract	NOUN
ar-22395	513	8	cleaners	cleaner	NOUN
ar-22395	513	9	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	513	10	london	london	PROPN
ar-22395	513	11	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	514	1	international	international	ADJ
ar-22395	514	2	journal	journal	PROPN
ar-22395	514	3	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	514	4	urban	urban	ADJ
ar-22395	514	5	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	514	6	regional	regional	ADJ
ar-22395	514	7	research	research	NOUN
ar-22395	514	8	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	514	9	32(2	32(2	NUM
ar-22395	514	10	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	514	11	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	514	12	305­323	305­323	NUM
ar-22395	514	13	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	514	14	wills	will	NOUN
ar-22395	514	15	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	514	16	j.	j.	PROPN
ar-22395	514	17	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	514	18	kakpo	kakpo	PROPN
ar-22395	514	19	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	514	20	n.	n.	NOUN
ar-22395	514	21	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	514	22	begum	begum	PROPN
ar-22395	514	23	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	514	24	r.	r.	PROPN
ar-22395	514	25	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	514	26	2009a	2009a	NUM
ar-22395	514	27	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	514	28	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	515	1	the	the	DET
ar-22395	515	2	business	business	NOUN
ar-22395	515	3	case	case	NOUN
ar-22395	515	4	for	for	ADP
ar-22395	515	5	the	the	DET
ar-22395	515	6	living	living	NOUN
ar-22395	515	7	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	515	8	:	:	PUNCT
ar-22395	515	9	the	the	DET
ar-22395	515	10	story	story	NOUN
ar-22395	515	11	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	515	12	the	the	DET
ar-22395	515	13	cleaning	cleaning	NOUN
ar-22395	515	14	service	service	NOUN
ar-22395	515	15	at	at	ADP
ar-22395	515	16	queen	queen	PROPN
ar-22395	515	17	mary	mary	PROPN
ar-22395	515	18	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	515	19	university	university	PROPN
ar-22395	515	20	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	515	21	london	london	PROPN
ar-22395	515	22	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	516	1	http://www.geog.qmul.ac.uk/docs/staff/8041.pdf	http://www.geog.qmul.ac.uk/docs/staff/8041.pdf	PROPN
ar-22395	516	2	136	136	NUM
ar-22395	516	3	|	|	ADV
ar-22395	516	4	precarious	precarious	ADJ
ar-22395	516	5	work	work	NOUN
ar-22395	516	6	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	516	7	the	the	DET
ar-22395	516	8	struggle	struggle	NOUN
ar-22395	516	9	for	for	ADP
ar-22395	516	10	living	live	VERB
ar-22395	516	11	wages	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	516	12	wills	will	NOUN
ar-22395	516	13	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	516	14	j.	j.	PROPN
ar-22395	516	15	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	516	16	datta	datta	PROPN
ar-22395	516	17	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	516	18	k.	k.	PROPN
ar-22395	516	19	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	516	20	evans	evans	PROPN
ar-22395	516	21	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	516	22	y.	y.	PROPN
ar-22395	516	23	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	516	24	herbert	herbert	PROPN
ar-22395	516	25	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	516	26	j.	j.	PROPN
ar-22395	516	27	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	516	28	may	may	AUX
ar-22395	516	29	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	516	30	j.	j.	PROPN
ar-22395	516	31	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	516	32	mcilwaine	mcilwaine	PROPN
ar-22395	516	33	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	516	34	c.	c.	PROPN
ar-22395	516	35	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	516	36	2009b	2009b	NUM
ar-22395	516	37	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	516	38	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	517	1	religion	religion	NOUN
ar-22395	517	2	at	at	ADP
ar-22395	517	3	work	work	NOUN
ar-22395	517	4	:	:	PUNCT
ar-22395	517	5	the	the	DET
ar-22395	517	6	role	role	NOUN
ar-22395	517	7	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	517	8	faith­based	faith­base	VERB
ar-22395	517	9	organizations	organization	NOUN
ar-22395	517	10	in	in	ADP
ar-22395	517	11	the	the	DET
ar-22395	517	12	london	london	PROPN
ar-22395	517	13	living	living	NOUN
ar-22395	517	14	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	517	15	campaign	campaign	NOUN
ar-22395	517	16	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	518	1	cambridge	cambridge	PROPN
ar-22395	518	2	journal	journal	PROPN
ar-22395	518	3	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	518	4	regions	region	NOUN
ar-22395	518	5	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	518	6	economy	economy	NOUN
ar-22395	518	7	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	518	8	society	society	NOUN
ar-22395	518	9	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	518	10	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	518	11	2	2	NUM
ar-22395	518	12	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	518	13	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	518	14	443­461	443­461	PROPN
ar-22395	518	15	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	519	1	wills	will	NOUN
ar-22395	519	2	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	519	3	j.	j.	PROPN
ar-22395	519	4	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	519	5	2009c	2009c	NUM
ar-22395	519	6	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	519	7	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	520	1	subcontracted	subcontracted	ADJ
ar-22395	520	2	employment	employment	NOUN
ar-22395	520	3	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	520	4	its	its	PRON
ar-22395	520	5	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ar-22395	520	6	to	to	ADP
ar-22395	520	7	labor	labor	NOUN
ar-22395	520	8	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	521	1	labor	labor	NOUN
ar-22395	521	2	studies	studies	PROPN
ar-22395	521	3	journal	journal	NOUN
ar-22395	521	4	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	521	5	34(4	34(4	NUM
ar-22395	521	6	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	521	7	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	521	8	441­460	441­460	NUM
ar-22395	521	9	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	522	1	wills	will	NOUN
ar-22395	522	2	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	522	3	j.	j.	PROPN
ar-22395	522	4	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	522	5	may	may	AUX
ar-22395	522	6	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	522	7	j.	j.	PROPN
ar-22395	522	8	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	522	9	datta	datta	PROPN
ar-22395	522	10	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	522	11	k.	k.	PROPN
ar-22395	522	12	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	522	13	evans	evans	PROPN
ar-22395	522	14	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	522	15	y.	y.	PROPN
ar-22395	522	16	herbert	herbert	PROPN
ar-22395	522	17	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	522	18	j.	j.	PROPN
ar-22395	522	19	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	522	20	mcillwaine	mcillwaine	NOUN
ar-22395	522	21	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	522	22	c.	c.	PROPN
ar-22395	522	23	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	522	24	2009d	2009d	NUM
ar-22395	522	25	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	522	26	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	523	1	london	london	PROPN
ar-22395	523	2	’s	’s	PART
ar-22395	523	3	migrant	migrant	ADJ
ar-22395	523	4	division	division	NOUN
ar-22395	523	5	of	of	ADP
ar-22395	523	6	labour	labour	NOUN
ar-22395	523	7	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	524	1	european	european	ADJ
ar-22395	524	2	urban	urban	ADJ
ar-22395	524	3	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	524	4	regional	regional	ADJ
ar-22395	524	5	studies	study	NOUN
ar-22395	524	6	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	524	7	16(3	16(3	NOUN
ar-22395	524	8	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	524	9	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	524	10	257­271	257­271	NUM
ar-22395	524	11	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	525	1	yelowitz	yelowitz	NOUN
ar-22395	525	2	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22395	525	3	a.	a.	NOUN
ar-22395	525	4	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22395	525	5	2005	2005	NUM
ar-22395	525	6	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22395	525	7	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	526	1	santa	santa	PROPN
ar-22395	526	2	fe	fe	PROPN
ar-22395	526	3	’s	’s	PART
ar-22395	526	4	living	live	VERB
ar-22395	526	5	wage	wage	NOUN
ar-22395	526	6	ordinance	ordinance	NOUN
ar-22395	526	7	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22395	526	8	the	the	DET
ar-22395	526	9	labor	labor	NOUN
ar-22395	526	10	market	market	NOUN
ar-22395	526	11	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	527	1	employment	employment	NOUN
ar-22395	527	2	policies	policy	NOUN
ar-22395	527	3	institute	institute	PROPN
ar-22395	527	4	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22395	528	1	https://www.epionline.org/wp­content/studies/yelowitz_09­2005.pdf	https://www.epionline.org/wp­content/studies/yelowitz_09­2005.pdf	PRON