id	sid	tid	token	lemma	pos
ar-22550	1	1	alternate	alternate	ADJ
ar-22550	1	2	routes	route	NOUN
ar-22550	1	3	:	:	PUNCT
ar-22550	1	4	a	a	DET
ar-22550	1	5	journal	journal	NOUN
ar-22550	1	6	of	of	ADP
ar-22550	1	7	critical	critical	ADJ
ar-22550	1	8	social	social	ADJ
ar-22550	1	9	research	research	NOUN
ar-22550	1	10	www.alternateroutes.ca	www.alternateroutes.ca	NOUN
ar-22550	1	11	‖	‖	PROPN
ar-22550	1	12	twitter	twitter	NOUN
ar-22550	1	13	@arjcsr	@arjcsr	NUM
ar-22550	1	14	1	1	NUM
ar-22550	1	15	alternate	alternate	ADJ
ar-22550	1	16	routes	route	NOUN
ar-22550	1	17	:	:	PUNCT
ar-22550	1	18	a	a	DET
ar-22550	1	19	journal	journal	NOUN
ar-22550	1	20	of	of	ADP
ar-22550	1	21	critical	critical	ADJ
ar-22550	1	22	social	social	ADJ
ar-22550	1	23	research	research	NOUN
ar-22550	1	24	book	book	NOUN
ar-22550	1	25	review	review	NOUN
ar-22550	1	26	policing	police	VERB
ar-22550	1	27	black	black	ADJ
ar-22550	1	28	lives	life	NOUN
ar-22550	1	29	:	:	PUNCT
ar-22550	1	30	state	state	NOUN
ar-22550	1	31	violence	violence	NOUN
ar-22550	1	32	in	in	ADP
ar-22550	1	33	canada	canada	PROPN
ar-22550	1	34	from	from	ADP
ar-22550	1	35	slavery	slavery	NOUN
ar-22550	1	36	to	to	ADP
ar-22550	1	37	the	the	DET
ar-22550	1	38	present	present	NOUN
ar-22550	1	39	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22550	1	40	by	by	ADP
ar-22550	1	41	robyn	robyn	PROPN
ar-22550	1	42	maynard	maynard	PROPN
ar-22550	1	43	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22550	2	1	halifax	halifax	PROPN
ar-22550	2	2	:	:	PUNCT
ar-22550	2	3	fernwood	fernwood	PROPN
ar-22550	2	4	publishing	publishing	PROPN
ar-22550	2	5	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22550	2	6	2010	2010	NUM
ar-22550	2	7	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22550	3	1	isbn	isbn	NOUN
ar-22550	3	2	:	:	PUNCT
ar-22550	3	3	9781552669792	9781552669792	NUM
ar-22550	3	4	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22550	3	5	pages	page	NOUN
ar-22550	3	6	:	:	PUNCT
ar-22550	3	7	1	1	NUM
ar-22550	3	8	-	-	SYM
ar-22550	3	9	234	234	NUM
ar-22550	3	10	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22550	3	11	reviewed	review	VERB
ar-22550	3	12	by	by	ADP
ar-22550	3	13	anna	anna	PROPN
ar-22550	3	14	lippman1	lippman1	PROPN
ar-22550	3	15	race	race	NOUN
ar-22550	3	16	-	-	PUNCT
ar-22550	3	17	based	base	VERB
ar-22550	3	18	data	datum	NOUN
ar-22550	3	19	in	in	ADP
ar-22550	3	20	canada	canada	PROPN
ar-22550	3	21	is	be	AUX
ar-22550	3	22	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22550	3	23	continues	continue	VERB
ar-22550	3	24	to	to	PART
ar-22550	3	25	be	be	AUX
ar-22550	3	26	stark	stark	ADJ
ar-22550	3	27	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22550	3	28	particularly	particularly	ADV
ar-22550	3	29	when	when	SCONJ
ar-22550	3	30	compared	compare	VERB
ar-22550	3	31	with	with	ADP
ar-22550	3	32	our	our	PRON
ar-22550	3	33	neighbours	neighbour	NOUN
ar-22550	3	34	to	to	ADP
ar-22550	3	35	the	the	DET
ar-22550	3	36	south	south	NOUN
ar-22550	3	37	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22550	4	1	despite	despite	SCONJ
ar-22550	4	2	this	this	DET
ar-22550	4	3	dearth	dearth	NOUN
ar-22550	4	4	of	of	ADP
ar-22550	4	5	research	research	NOUN
ar-22550	4	6	on	on	ADP
ar-22550	4	7	the	the	DET
ar-22550	4	8	black	black	ADJ
ar-22550	4	9	experience	experience	NOUN
ar-22550	4	10	in	in	ADP
ar-22550	4	11	canada	canada	PROPN
ar-22550	4	12	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22550	4	13	robin	robin	PROPN
ar-22550	4	14	maynard	maynard	PROPN
ar-22550	4	15	is	be	AUX
ar-22550	4	16	able	able	ADJ
ar-22550	4	17	to	to	PART
ar-22550	4	18	compile	compile	VERB
ar-22550	4	19	a	a	DET
ar-22550	4	20	comprehensive	comprehensive	ADJ
ar-22550	4	21	picture	picture	NOUN
ar-22550	4	22	of	of	ADP
ar-22550	4	23	canada	canada	PROPN
ar-22550	4	24	’s	’s	PART
ar-22550	4	25	carceral	carceral	ADJ
ar-22550	4	26	project	project	NOUN
ar-22550	4	27	of	of	ADP
ar-22550	4	28	policing	police	VERB
ar-22550	4	29	black	black	ADJ
ar-22550	4	30	lives	life	NOUN
ar-22550	4	31	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22550	5	1	robin	robin	PROPN
ar-22550	5	2	maynard	maynard	PROPN
ar-22550	5	3	’s	’s	PART
ar-22550	5	4	book	book	NOUN
ar-22550	5	5	provides	provide	VERB
ar-22550	5	6	a	a	DET
ar-22550	5	7	systematic	systematic	ADJ
ar-22550	5	8	account	account	NOUN
ar-22550	5	9	of	of	ADP
ar-22550	5	10	the	the	DET
ar-22550	5	11	ways	way	NOUN
ar-22550	5	12	canada	canada	PROPN
ar-22550	5	13	has	have	AUX
ar-22550	5	14	excluded	exclude	VERB
ar-22550	5	15	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22550	5	16	brutalized	brutalize	VERB
ar-22550	5	17	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22550	5	18	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22550	5	19	oppressed	oppress	VERB
ar-22550	5	20	black	black	ADJ
ar-22550	5	21	individuals	individual	NOUN
ar-22550	5	22	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22550	5	23	families	family	NOUN
ar-22550	5	24	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22550	5	25	communities	community	NOUN
ar-22550	5	26	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22550	5	27	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22550	5	28	children	child	NOUN
ar-22550	5	29	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22550	6	1	maynard	maynard	PROPN
ar-22550	6	2	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22550	6	3	an	an	DET
ar-22550	6	4	assistant	assistant	ADJ
ar-22550	6	5	professor	professor	NOUN
ar-22550	6	6	of	of	ADP
ar-22550	6	7	black	black	ADJ
ar-22550	6	8	feminisms	feminism	NOUN
ar-22550	6	9	at	at	ADP
ar-22550	6	10	university	university	PROPN
ar-22550	6	11	of	of	ADP
ar-22550	6	12	torontoscarborough	torontoscarborough	PROPN
ar-22550	6	13	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22550	6	14	outlines	outline	VERB
ar-22550	6	15	this	this	DET
ar-22550	6	16	often	often	ADV
ar-22550	6	17	-	-	PUNCT
ar-22550	6	18	unspoken	unspoken	ADJ
ar-22550	6	19	canadian	canadian	ADJ
ar-22550	6	20	history	history	NOUN
ar-22550	6	21	with	with	ADP
ar-22550	6	22	a	a	DET
ar-22550	6	23	sharpness	sharpness	NOUN
ar-22550	6	24	that	that	PRON
ar-22550	6	25	bring	bring	VERB
ar-22550	6	26	this	this	DET
ar-22550	6	27	biting	bite	VERB
ar-22550	6	28	truth	truth	NOUN
ar-22550	6	29	into	into	ADP
ar-22550	6	30	the	the	DET
ar-22550	6	31	light	light	NOUN
ar-22550	6	32	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22550	7	1	with	with	ADP
ar-22550	7	2	a	a	DET
ar-22550	7	3	particular	particular	ADJ
ar-22550	7	4	focus	focus	NOUN
ar-22550	7	5	on	on	ADP
ar-22550	7	6	state	state	NOUN
ar-22550	7	7	violence	violence	NOUN
ar-22550	7	8	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22550	7	9	systemic	systemic	ADJ
ar-22550	7	10	oppression	oppression	NOUN
ar-22550	7	11	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22550	7	12	maynard	maynard	NOUN
ar-22550	7	13	outlines	outline	VERB
ar-22550	7	14	how	how	SCONJ
ar-22550	7	15	canada	canada	PROPN
ar-22550	7	16	is	be	AUX
ar-22550	7	17	simultaneously	simultaneously	ADV
ar-22550	7	18	able	able	ADJ
ar-22550	7	19	to	to	PART
ar-22550	7	20	bill	bill	VERB
ar-22550	7	21	itself	itself	PRON
ar-22550	7	22	as	as	ADP
ar-22550	7	23	a	a	DET
ar-22550	7	24	nice	nice	ADJ
ar-22550	7	25	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22550	7	26	multicultural	multicultural	ADJ
ar-22550	7	27	haven	haven	NOUN
ar-22550	7	28	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22550	7	29	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22550	7	30	devise	devise	VERB
ar-22550	7	31	policies	policy	NOUN
ar-22550	7	32	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22550	7	33	practices	practice	NOUN
ar-22550	7	34	that	that	PRON
ar-22550	7	35	enact	enact	VERB
ar-22550	7	36	colonialist	colonialist	NOUN
ar-22550	7	37	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22550	7	38	anti	anti	ADJ
ar-22550	7	39	-	-	ADJ
ar-22550	7	40	black	black	ADJ
ar-22550	7	41	racism	racism	NOUN
ar-22550	7	42	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22550	8	1	despite	despite	SCONJ
ar-22550	8	2	the	the	DET
ar-22550	8	3	multitude	multitude	NOUN
ar-22550	8	4	of	of	ADP
ar-22550	8	5	ways	way	NOUN
ar-22550	8	6	we	we	PRON
ar-22550	8	7	see	see	VERB
ar-22550	8	8	anti	anti	ADJ
ar-22550	8	9	-	-	ADJ
ar-22550	8	10	black	black	ADJ
ar-22550	8	11	racism	racism	NOUN
ar-22550	8	12	operate	operate	VERB
ar-22550	8	13	in	in	ADP
ar-22550	8	14	canadian	canadian	ADJ
ar-22550	8	15	society	society	NOUN
ar-22550	8	16	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22550	8	17	maynard	maynard	NOUN
ar-22550	8	18	’s	’s	PART
ar-22550	8	19	book	book	NOUN
ar-22550	8	20	focuses	focus	VERB
ar-22550	8	21	specifically	specifically	ADV
ar-22550	8	22	on	on	ADP
ar-22550	8	23	state	state	NOUN
ar-22550	8	24	violence	violence	NOUN
ar-22550	8	25	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22550	8	26	giving	give	VERB
ar-22550	8	27	it	it	PRON
ar-22550	8	28	a	a	DET
ar-22550	8	29	clear	clear	ADJ
ar-22550	8	30	trajectory	trajectory	NOUN
ar-22550	8	31	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22550	8	32	sharp	sharp	ADJ
ar-22550	8	33	focus	focus	NOUN
ar-22550	8	34	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22550	9	1	“	"	PUNCT
ar-22550	9	2	though	though	SCONJ
ar-22550	9	3	anti	anti	ADJ
ar-22550	9	4	-	-	NOUN
ar-22550	9	5	blackness	blackness	NOUN
ar-22550	9	6	permeated	permeate	VERB
ar-22550	9	7	all	all	DET
ar-22550	9	8	aspects	aspect	NOUN
ar-22550	9	9	of	of	ADP
ar-22550	9	10	canadian	canadian	ADJ
ar-22550	9	11	society	society	NOUN
ar-22550	9	12	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22550	9	13	policing	police	VERB
ar-22550	9	14	black	black	ADJ
ar-22550	9	15	lives	life	NOUN
ar-22550	9	16	focuses	focus	VERB
ar-22550	9	17	primarily	primarily	ADV
ar-22550	9	18	on	on	ADP
ar-22550	9	19	state	state	NOUN
ar-22550	9	20	or	or	CCONJ
ar-22550	9	21	state	state	NOUN
ar-22550	9	22	-	-	PUNCT
ar-22550	9	23	sanctioned	sanction	VERB
ar-22550	9	24	violence	violence	NOUN
ar-22550	9	25	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22550	9	26	though	though	SCONJ
ar-22550	9	27	at	at	ADP
ar-22550	9	28	times	time	NOUN
ar-22550	9	29	this	this	PRON
ar-22550	9	30	is	be	AUX
ar-22550	9	31	complemented	complement	VERB
ar-22550	9	32	with	with	ADP
ar-22550	9	33	an	an	DET
ar-22550	9	34	enlarged	enlarge	VERB
ar-22550	9	35	scope	scope	NOUN
ar-22550	9	36	in	in	ADP
ar-22550	9	37	instances	instance	NOUN
ar-22550	9	38	where	where	SCONJ
ar-22550	9	39	anti	anti	ADJ
ar-22550	9	40	-	-	ADJ
ar-22550	9	41	black	black	ADJ
ar-22550	9	42	state	state	NOUN
ar-22550	9	43	practices	practice	NOUN
ar-22550	9	44	were	be	AUX
ar-22550	9	45	buttressed	buttress	VERB
ar-22550	9	46	by	by	ADP
ar-22550	9	47	popular	popular	ADJ
ar-22550	9	48	hostility	hostility	NOUN
ar-22550	9	49	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22550	9	50	the	the	DET
ar-22550	9	51	media	medium	NOUN
ar-22550	9	52	or	or	CCONJ
ar-22550	9	53	civil	civil	ADJ
ar-22550	9	54	society	society	NOUN
ar-22550	9	55	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22550	9	56	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22550	10	1	the	the	DET
ar-22550	10	2	reason	reason	NOUN
ar-22550	10	3	for	for	ADP
ar-22550	10	4	this	this	DET
ar-22550	10	5	focus	focus	NOUN
ar-22550	10	6	is	be	AUX
ar-22550	10	7	simple	simple	ADJ
ar-22550	10	8	:	:	PUNCT
ar-22550	10	9	the	the	DET
ar-22550	10	10	state	state	NOUN
ar-22550	10	11	possesses	possess	VERB
ar-22550	10	12	an	an	DET
ar-22550	10	13	enormous	enormous	ADJ
ar-22550	10	14	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22550	10	15	unparalleled	unparalleled	ADJ
ar-22550	10	16	level	level	NOUN
ar-22550	10	17	of	of	ADP
ar-22550	10	18	power	power	NOUN
ar-22550	10	19	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22550	10	20	authority	authority	NOUN
ar-22550	10	21	over	over	ADP
ar-22550	10	22	the	the	DET
ar-22550	10	23	lives	life	NOUN
ar-22550	10	24	of	of	ADP
ar-22550	10	25	its	its	PRON
ar-22550	10	26	subjects	subject	NOUN
ar-22550	10	27	”	"	PUNCT
ar-22550	10	28	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22550	10	29	pg	pg	INTJ
ar-22550	10	30	.	.	PROPN
ar-22550	10	31	5	5	NUM
ar-22550	10	32	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22550	10	33	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22550	11	1	this	this	DET
ar-22550	11	2	book	book	NOUN
ar-22550	11	3	highlights	highlight	VERB
ar-22550	11	4	the	the	DET
ar-22550	11	5	state	state	NOUN
ar-22550	11	6	’s	’s	PART
ar-22550	11	7	oppressive	oppressive	ADJ
ar-22550	11	8	policies	policy	NOUN
ar-22550	11	9	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22550	11	10	practices	practice	NOUN
ar-22550	11	11	meant	mean	VERB
ar-22550	11	12	to	to	PART
ar-22550	11	13	expel	expel	VERB
ar-22550	11	14	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22550	11	15	exclude	exclude	VERB
ar-22550	11	16	black	black	ADJ
ar-22550	11	17	life	life	NOUN
ar-22550	11	18	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22550	11	19	from	from	ADP
ar-22550	11	20	slavery	slavery	NOUN
ar-22550	11	21	to	to	ADP
ar-22550	11	22	the	the	DET
ar-22550	11	23	present	present	ADJ
ar-22550	11	24	day	day	NOUN
ar-22550	11	25	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22550	11	26	showing	show	VERB
ar-22550	11	27	that	that	SCONJ
ar-22550	11	28	while	while	SCONJ
ar-22550	11	29	anti	anti	NOUN
ar-22550	11	30	-	-	NOUN
ar-22550	11	31	blackness	blackness	NOUN
ar-22550	11	32	has	have	AUX
ar-22550	11	33	shifted	shift	VERB
ar-22550	11	34	forms	form	NOUN
ar-22550	11	35	over	over	ADP
ar-22550	11	36	time	time	NOUN
ar-22550	11	37	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22550	11	38	it	it	PRON
ar-22550	11	39	is	be	AUX
ar-22550	11	40	still	still	ADV
ar-22550	11	41	very	very	ADV
ar-22550	11	42	much	much	ADV
ar-22550	11	43	alive	alive	ADJ
ar-22550	11	44	in	in	ADP
ar-22550	11	45	modern	modern	ADJ
ar-22550	11	46	-	-	PUNCT
ar-22550	11	47	day	day	NOUN
ar-22550	11	48	canada	canada	PROPN
ar-22550	11	49	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22550	12	1	policing	police	VERB
ar-22550	12	2	black	black	ADJ
ar-22550	12	3	lives	life	NOUN
ar-22550	12	4	is	be	AUX
ar-22550	12	5	broken	break	VERB
ar-22550	12	6	up	up	ADP
ar-22550	12	7	into	into	ADP
ar-22550	12	8	eight	eight	NUM
ar-22550	12	9	chapters	chapter	NOUN
ar-22550	12	10	that	that	PRON
ar-22550	12	11	broadly	broadly	ADV
ar-22550	12	12	follow	follow	VERB
ar-22550	12	13	three	three	NUM
ar-22550	12	14	larger	large	ADJ
ar-22550	12	15	themes	theme	NOUN
ar-22550	12	16	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22550	13	1	chapters	chapter	NOUN
ar-22550	13	2	one	one	NUM
ar-22550	13	3	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22550	13	4	two	two	NUM
ar-22550	13	5	provide	provide	VERB
ar-22550	13	6	a	a	DET
ar-22550	13	7	sociohistorical	sociohistorical	ADJ
ar-22550	13	8	context	context	NOUN
ar-22550	13	9	of	of	ADP
ar-22550	13	10	black	black	ADJ
ar-22550	13	11	life	life	NOUN
ar-22550	13	12	within	within	ADP
ar-22550	13	13	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22550	13	14	around	around	ADP
ar-22550	13	15	canada	canada	PROPN
ar-22550	13	16	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22550	14	1	these	these	DET
ar-22550	14	2	chapters	chapter	NOUN
ar-22550	14	3	contextualize	contextualize	VERB
ar-22550	14	4	canada	canada	PROPN
ar-22550	14	5	within	within	ADP
ar-22550	14	6	the	the	DET
ar-22550	14	7	transatlantic	transatlantic	ADJ
ar-22550	14	8	slave	slave	NOUN
ar-22550	14	9	trade	trade	NOUN
ar-22550	14	10	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22550	14	11	in	in	ADP
ar-22550	14	12	the	the	DET
ar-22550	14	13	aftermath	aftermath	NOUN
ar-22550	14	14	of	of	ADP
ar-22550	14	15	slavery	slavery	NOUN
ar-22550	14	16	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22550	15	1	chapters	chapter	NOUN
ar-22550	15	2	one	one	NUM
ar-22550	15	3	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22550	15	4	two	two	NUM
ar-22550	15	5	seek	seek	VERB
ar-22550	15	6	to	to	PART
ar-22550	15	7	disrupt	disrupt	VERB
ar-22550	15	8	the	the	DET
ar-22550	15	9	idea	idea	NOUN
ar-22550	15	10	of	of	ADP
ar-22550	15	11	canada	canada	PROPN
ar-22550	15	12	as	as	ADP
ar-22550	15	13	the	the	DET
ar-22550	15	14	welcoming	welcoming	ADJ
ar-22550	15	15	end	end	NOUN
ar-22550	15	16	of	of	ADP
ar-22550	15	17	the	the	DET
ar-22550	15	18	underground	underground	ADJ
ar-22550	15	19	railroad	railroad	NOUN
ar-22550	15	20	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22550	16	1	through	through	ADP
ar-22550	16	2	uncovering	uncover	VERB
ar-22550	16	3	canada	canada	PROPN
ar-22550	16	4	’s	’s	PART
ar-22550	16	5	history	history	NOUN
ar-22550	16	6	of	of	ADP
ar-22550	16	7	slavery	slavery	NOUN
ar-22550	16	8	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22550	16	9	complicity	complicity	NOUN
ar-22550	16	10	in	in	ADP
ar-22550	16	11	us	us	PROPN
ar-22550	16	12	slavery	slavery	NOUN
ar-22550	16	13	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22550	16	14	these	these	DET
ar-22550	16	15	chapters	chapter	NOUN
ar-22550	16	16	unsettle	unsettle	VERB
ar-22550	16	17	the	the	DET
ar-22550	16	18	history	history	NOUN
ar-22550	16	19	lessons	lesson	NOUN
ar-22550	16	20	from	from	ADP
ar-22550	16	21	canadian	canadian	ADJ
ar-22550	16	22	public	public	ADJ
ar-22550	16	23	schools	school	NOUN
ar-22550	16	24	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22550	16	25	trace	trace	VERB
ar-22550	16	26	the	the	DET
ar-22550	16	27	hostility	hostility	NOUN
ar-22550	16	28	towards	towards	ADP
ar-22550	16	29	black	black	ADJ
ar-22550	16	30	people	people	NOUN
ar-22550	16	31	in	in	ADP
ar-22550	16	32	canada	canada	PROPN
ar-22550	16	33	from	from	ADP
ar-22550	16	34	the	the	DET
ar-22550	16	35	beginning	beginning	NOUN
ar-22550	16	36	of	of	ADP
ar-22550	16	37	the	the	DET
ar-22550	16	38	colonial	colonial	ADJ
ar-22550	16	39	state	state	NOUN
ar-22550	16	40	to	to	ADP
ar-22550	16	41	its	its	PRON
ar-22550	16	42	practice	practice	NOUN
ar-22550	16	43	of	of	ADP
ar-22550	16	44	segregation	segregation	NOUN
ar-22550	16	45	post	post	NOUN
ar-22550	16	46	-	-	NOUN
ar-22550	16	47	abolition	abolition	NOUN
ar-22550	16	48	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22550	17	1	stark	stark	ADJ
ar-22550	17	2	facts	fact	NOUN
ar-22550	17	3	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22550	17	4	such	such	ADJ
ar-22550	17	5	as	as	ADP
ar-22550	17	6	the	the	DET
ar-22550	17	7	continuance	continuance	NOUN
ar-22550	17	8	of	of	ADP
ar-22550	17	9	segregated	segregated	ADJ
ar-22550	17	10	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22550	17	11	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22550	17	12	unequal	unequal	ADJ
ar-22550	17	13	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22550	17	14	schooling	schooling	NOUN
ar-22550	17	15	in	in	ADP
ar-22550	17	16	canada	canada	PROPN
ar-22550	17	17	until	until	ADP
ar-22550	17	18	1983	1983	NUM
ar-22550	17	19	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22550	17	20	pg	pg	NOUN
ar-22550	17	21	.	.	PROPN
ar-22550	17	22	34	34	NUM
ar-22550	17	23	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22550	17	24	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22550	17	25	dismantle	dismantle	VERB
ar-22550	17	26	discourses	discourse	NOUN
ar-22550	17	27	of	of	ADP
ar-22550	17	28	canadian	canadian	ADJ
ar-22550	17	29	multiculturalism	multiculturalism	NOUN
ar-22550	17	30	chapter	chapter	NOUN
ar-22550	17	31	by	by	ADP
ar-22550	17	32	chapter	chapter	NOUN
ar-22550	17	33	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22550	18	1	1	1	NUM
ar-22550	18	2	anna	anna	PROPN
ar-22550	18	3	lippman	lippman	PROPN
ar-22550	18	4	is	be	AUX
ar-22550	18	5	a	a	DET
ar-22550	18	6	phd	phd	NOUN
ar-22550	18	7	candidate	candidate	NOUN
ar-22550	18	8	in	in	ADP
ar-22550	18	9	the	the	DET
ar-22550	18	10	sociology	sociology	NOUN
ar-22550	18	11	department	department	PROPN
ar-22550	18	12	at	at	ADP
ar-22550	18	13	york	york	PROPN
ar-22550	18	14	university	university	PROPN
ar-22550	18	15	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22550	19	1	her	her	PRON
ar-22550	19	2	dissertation	dissertation	NOUN
ar-22550	19	3	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22550	19	4	all	all	PRON
ar-22550	19	5	i	i	PRON
ar-22550	19	6	need	need	VERB
ar-22550	19	7	is	be	AUX
ar-22550	19	8	one	one	NUM
ar-22550	19	9	mic	mic	NOUN
ar-22550	19	10	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22550	19	11	explores	explore	VERB
ar-22550	19	12	how	how	SCONJ
ar-22550	19	13	black	black	ADJ
ar-22550	19	14	youth	youth	NOUN
ar-22550	19	15	in	in	ADP
ar-22550	19	16	toronto	toronto	PROPN
ar-22550	19	17	engage	engage	VERB
ar-22550	19	18	hip	hip	NOUN
ar-22550	19	19	-	-	PUNCT
ar-22550	19	20	hop	hop	NOUN
ar-22550	19	21	culture	culture	NOUN
ar-22550	19	22	for	for	ADP
ar-22550	19	23	identity	identity	NOUN
ar-22550	19	24	construction	construction	NOUN
ar-22550	19	25	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22550	19	26	social	social	ADJ
ar-22550	19	27	activism	activism	NOUN
ar-22550	19	28	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22550	20	1	anna	anna	PROPN
ar-22550	20	2	is	be	AUX
ar-22550	20	3	also	also	ADV
ar-22550	20	4	a	a	DET
ar-22550	20	5	community	community	NOUN
ar-22550	20	6	organizer	organizer	NOUN
ar-22550	20	7	in	in	ADP
ar-22550	20	8	toronto	toronto	PROPN
ar-22550	20	9	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22550	20	10	works	work	VERB
ar-22550	20	11	with	with	ADP
ar-22550	20	12	groups	group	NOUN
ar-22550	20	13	including	include	VERB
ar-22550	20	14	showing	show	VERB
ar-22550	20	15	up	up	ADP
ar-22550	20	16	for	for	ADP
ar-22550	20	17	racial	racial	ADJ
ar-22550	20	18	justice	justice	NOUN
ar-22550	20	19	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22550	20	20	independent	independent	ADJ
ar-22550	20	21	jewish	jewish	ADJ
ar-22550	20	22	voices	voice	NOUN
ar-22550	20	23	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22550	21	1	www.alternateroutes.ca	www.alternateroutes.ca	NOUN
ar-22550	21	2	‖	‖	ADJ
ar-22550	21	3	twitter	twitter	NOUN
ar-22550	21	4	@arjcsr	@arjcsr	NUM
ar-22550	21	5	2	2	NUM
ar-22550	21	6	alternate	alternate	ADJ
ar-22550	21	7	routes	route	NOUN
ar-22550	21	8	:	:	PUNCT
ar-22550	21	9	a	a	DET
ar-22550	21	10	journal	journal	NOUN
ar-22550	21	11	of	of	ADP
ar-22550	21	12	critical	critical	ADJ
ar-22550	21	13	social	social	ADJ
ar-22550	21	14	research	research	NOUN
ar-22550	21	15	chapters	chapter	NOUN
ar-22550	21	16	three	three	NUM
ar-22550	21	17	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22550	21	18	four	four	NUM
ar-22550	21	19	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22550	21	20	five	five	NUM
ar-22550	21	21	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22550	21	22	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22550	21	23	six	six	NUM
ar-22550	21	24	provide	provide	VERB
ar-22550	21	25	an	an	DET
ar-22550	21	26	overview	overview	NOUN
ar-22550	21	27	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22550	21	28	explanation	explanation	NOUN
ar-22550	21	29	of	of	ADP
ar-22550	21	30	black	black	ADJ
ar-22550	21	31	carceral	carceral	ADJ
ar-22550	21	32	geographies	geography	NOUN
ar-22550	21	33	within	within	ADP
ar-22550	21	34	canada	canada	PROPN
ar-22550	21	35	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22550	22	1	these	these	DET
ar-22550	22	2	chapters	chapter	NOUN
ar-22550	22	3	explore	explore	VERB
ar-22550	22	4	the	the	DET
ar-22550	22	5	variety	variety	NOUN
ar-22550	22	6	of	of	ADP
ar-22550	22	7	ways	way	NOUN
ar-22550	22	8	the	the	DET
ar-22550	22	9	legal	legal	ADJ
ar-22550	22	10	system	system	NOUN
ar-22550	22	11	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22550	22	12	law	law	NOUN
ar-22550	22	13	enforcement	enforcement	NOUN
ar-22550	22	14	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22550	22	15	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22550	22	16	policy	policy	NOUN
ar-22550	22	17	itself	itself	PRON
ar-22550	22	18	work	work	VERB
ar-22550	22	19	to	to	PART
ar-22550	22	20	enforce	enforce	VERB
ar-22550	22	21	notions	notion	NOUN
ar-22550	22	22	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22550	22	23	practices	practice	NOUN
ar-22550	22	24	that	that	PRON
ar-22550	22	25	criminalize	criminalize	VERB
ar-22550	22	26	black	black	ADJ
ar-22550	22	27	bodies	body	NOUN
ar-22550	22	28	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22550	22	29	both	both	CCONJ
ar-22550	22	30	inside	inside	ADP
ar-22550	22	31	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22550	22	32	outside	outside	ADP
ar-22550	22	33	of	of	ADP
ar-22550	22	34	jails	jail	NOUN
ar-22550	22	35	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22550	22	36	prisons	prison	NOUN
ar-22550	22	37	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22550	23	1	chapter	chapter	NOUN
ar-22550	23	2	three	three	NUM
ar-22550	23	3	shows	show	VERB
ar-22550	23	4	how	how	SCONJ
ar-22550	23	5	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22550	23	6	similar	similar	ADJ
ar-22550	23	7	to	to	ADP
ar-22550	23	8	our	our	PRON
ar-22550	23	9	neighbours	neighbour	NOUN
ar-22550	23	10	to	to	ADP
ar-22550	23	11	the	the	DET
ar-22550	23	12	south	south	NOUN
ar-22550	23	13	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22550	23	14	the	the	DET
ar-22550	23	15	criminal	criminal	ADJ
ar-22550	23	16	justice	justice	NOUN
ar-22550	23	17	system	system	NOUN
ar-22550	23	18	is	be	AUX
ar-22550	23	19	designed	design	VERB
ar-22550	23	20	to	to	PART
ar-22550	23	21	criminalize	criminalize	VERB
ar-22550	23	22	black	black	ADJ
ar-22550	23	23	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22550	23	24	indigenous	indigenous	ADJ
ar-22550	23	25	bodies	body	NOUN
ar-22550	23	26	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22550	23	27	remove	remove	VERB
ar-22550	23	28	them	they	PRON
ar-22550	23	29	from	from	ADP
ar-22550	23	30	canadian	canadian	ADJ
ar-22550	23	31	society	society	NOUN
ar-22550	23	32	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22550	24	1	it	it	PRON
ar-22550	24	2	is	be	AUX
ar-22550	24	3	achieving	achieve	VERB
ar-22550	24	4	its	its	PRON
ar-22550	24	5	goals	goal	NOUN
ar-22550	24	6	very	very	ADV
ar-22550	24	7	effectively	effectively	ADV
ar-22550	24	8	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22550	25	1	despite	despite	SCONJ
ar-22550	25	2	being	be	AUX
ar-22550	25	3	just	just	ADV
ar-22550	25	4	3	3	NUM
ar-22550	25	5	%	%	NOUN
ar-22550	25	6	of	of	ADP
ar-22550	25	7	the	the	DET
ar-22550	25	8	canadian	canadian	ADJ
ar-22550	25	9	population	population	NOUN
ar-22550	25	10	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22550	25	11	pg	pg	INTJ
ar-22550	25	12	.	.	PROPN
ar-22550	25	13	97	97	NUM
ar-22550	25	14	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22550	25	15	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22550	25	16	black	black	ADJ
ar-22550	25	17	people	people	NOUN
ar-22550	25	18	make	make	VERB
ar-22550	25	19	up	up	ADP
ar-22550	25	20	the	the	DET
ar-22550	25	21	second	second	ADV
ar-22550	25	22	largest	large	ADJ
ar-22550	25	23	percentage	percentage	NOUN
ar-22550	25	24	of	of	ADP
ar-22550	25	25	people	people	NOUN
ar-22550	25	26	behind	behind	ADP
ar-22550	25	27	bars	bar	NOUN
ar-22550	25	28	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22550	25	29	with	with	ADP
ar-22550	25	30	indigenous	indigenous	ADJ
ar-22550	25	31	people	people	NOUN
ar-22550	25	32	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22550	25	33	who	who	PRON
ar-22550	25	34	make	make	VERB
ar-22550	25	35	up	up	ADP
ar-22550	25	36	5	5	NUM
ar-22550	25	37	%	%	NOUN
ar-22550	25	38	of	of	ADP
ar-22550	25	39	the	the	DET
ar-22550	25	40	population	population	NOUN
ar-22550	25	41	making	make	VERB
ar-22550	25	42	up	up	ADP
ar-22550	25	43	almost	almost	ADV
ar-22550	25	44	25	25	NUM
ar-22550	25	45	%	%	NOUN
ar-22550	25	46	of	of	ADP
ar-22550	25	47	jails	jail	NOUN
ar-22550	25	48	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22550	25	49	prisons	prison	NOUN
ar-22550	25	50	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22550	25	51	pg	pg	INTJ
ar-22550	25	52	.	.	NOUN
ar-22550	25	53	85	85	NUM
ar-22550	25	54	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22550	25	55	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22550	26	1	maynard	maynard	NOUN
ar-22550	26	2	traces	trace	VERB
ar-22550	26	3	this	this	DET
ar-22550	26	4	phenomenon	phenomenon	NOUN
ar-22550	26	5	to	to	ADP
ar-22550	26	6	the	the	DET
ar-22550	26	7	oversurveillance	oversurveillance	NOUN
ar-22550	26	8	of	of	ADP
ar-22550	26	9	black	black	ADJ
ar-22550	26	10	bodies	body	NOUN
ar-22550	26	11	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22550	26	12	through	through	ADP
ar-22550	26	13	practices	practice	NOUN
ar-22550	26	14	such	such	ADJ
ar-22550	26	15	as	as	ADP
ar-22550	26	16	carding	card	VERB
ar-22550	26	17	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22550	26	18	the	the	DET
ar-22550	26	19	“	"	PUNCT
ar-22550	26	20	war	war	NOUN
ar-22550	26	21	on	on	ADP
ar-22550	26	22	drugs	drug	NOUN
ar-22550	26	23	”	"	PUNCT
ar-22550	26	24	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22550	26	25	pg	pg	INTJ
ar-22550	26	26	.	.	PROPN
ar-22550	26	27	92	92	NUM
ar-22550	26	28	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22550	26	29	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22550	27	1	importantly	importantly	ADV
ar-22550	27	2	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22550	27	3	beyond	beyond	ADP
ar-22550	27	4	men	man	NOUN
ar-22550	27	5	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22550	27	6	the	the	DET
ar-22550	27	7	criminal	criminal	ADJ
ar-22550	27	8	justice	justice	NOUN
ar-22550	27	9	system	system	NOUN
ar-22550	27	10	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22550	27	11	maynard	maynard	NOUN
ar-22550	27	12	devotes	devote	VERB
ar-22550	27	13	chapters	chapter	NOUN
ar-22550	27	14	four	four	NUM
ar-22550	27	15	five	five	NUM
ar-22550	27	16	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22550	27	17	six	six	NUM
ar-22550	27	18	to	to	ADP
ar-22550	27	19	women	woman	NOUN
ar-22550	27	20	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22550	27	21	gender	gender	NOUN
ar-22550	27	22	diverse	diverse	ADJ
ar-22550	27	23	people	people	NOUN
ar-22550	27	24	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22550	27	25	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22550	27	26	black	black	ADJ
ar-22550	27	27	migrants	migrant	NOUN
ar-22550	27	28	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22550	28	1	this	this	PRON
ar-22550	28	2	serves	serve	VERB
ar-22550	28	3	to	to	ADP
ar-22550	28	4	both	both	PRON
ar-22550	28	5	show	show	VERB
ar-22550	28	6	the	the	DET
ar-22550	28	7	web	web	NOUN
ar-22550	28	8	of	of	ADP
ar-22550	28	9	practices	practice	NOUN
ar-22550	28	10	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22550	28	11	policies	policy	NOUN
ar-22550	28	12	that	that	PRON
ar-22550	28	13	work	work	VERB
ar-22550	28	14	together	together	ADV
ar-22550	28	15	in	in	ADP
ar-22550	28	16	canada	canada	PROPN
ar-22550	28	17	to	to	PART
ar-22550	28	18	exert	exert	VERB
ar-22550	28	19	anti	anti	ADJ
ar-22550	28	20	-	-	ADJ
ar-22550	28	21	black	black	ADJ
ar-22550	28	22	racism	racism	NOUN
ar-22550	28	23	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22550	28	24	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22550	28	25	highlights	highlight	VERB
ar-22550	28	26	the	the	DET
ar-22550	28	27	richness	richness	NOUN
ar-22550	28	28	of	of	ADP
ar-22550	28	29	diverse	diverse	ADJ
ar-22550	28	30	bodies	body	NOUN
ar-22550	28	31	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22550	28	32	stories	story	NOUN
ar-22550	28	33	within	within	ADP
ar-22550	28	34	the	the	DET
ar-22550	28	35	black	black	ADJ
ar-22550	28	36	diaspora	diaspora	PROPN
ar-22550	28	37	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22550	29	1	chapter	chapter	NOUN
ar-22550	29	2	four	four	NUM
ar-22550	29	3	highlights	highlight	NOUN
ar-22550	29	4	six	six	NUM
ar-22550	29	5	case	case	NOUN
ar-22550	29	6	studies	study	NOUN
ar-22550	29	7	of	of	ADP
ar-22550	29	8	women	woman	NOUN
ar-22550	29	9	who	who	PRON
ar-22550	29	10	were	be	AUX
ar-22550	29	11	victims	victim	NOUN
ar-22550	29	12	of	of	ADP
ar-22550	29	13	police	police	NOUN
ar-22550	29	14	violence	violence	NOUN
ar-22550	29	15	in	in	ADP
ar-22550	29	16	canada	canada	PROPN
ar-22550	29	17	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22550	29	18	representing	represent	VERB
ar-22550	29	19	an	an	DET
ar-22550	29	20	“	"	PUNCT
ar-22550	29	21	untapped	untapped	ADJ
ar-22550	29	22	archive	archive	NOUN
ar-22550	29	23	of	of	ADP
ar-22550	29	24	the	the	DET
ar-22550	29	25	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ar-22550	29	26	denigration	denigration	NOUN
ar-22550	29	27	of	of	ADP
ar-22550	29	28	black	black	ADJ
ar-22550	29	29	women	woman	NOUN
ar-22550	29	30	’s	’s	PART
ar-22550	29	31	lives	life	NOUN
ar-22550	29	32	”	"	PUNCT
ar-22550	29	33	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22550	29	34	pg	pg	INTJ
ar-22550	29	35	.	.	PROPN
ar-22550	29	36	116	116	NUM
ar-22550	29	37	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22550	29	38	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22550	30	1	chapters	chapter	NOUN
ar-22550	30	2	five	five	NUM
ar-22550	30	3	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22550	30	4	six	six	NUM
ar-22550	30	5	go	go	VERB
ar-22550	30	6	further	far	ADV
ar-22550	30	7	beyond	beyond	ADP
ar-22550	30	8	conventional	conventional	ADJ
ar-22550	30	9	notions	notion	NOUN
ar-22550	30	10	of	of	ADP
ar-22550	30	11	criminalization	criminalization	NOUN
ar-22550	30	12	through	through	ADP
ar-22550	30	13	discussing	discuss	VERB
ar-22550	30	14	anti	anti	ADJ
ar-22550	30	15	-	-	ADJ
ar-22550	30	16	black	black	ADJ
ar-22550	30	17	policies	policy	NOUN
ar-22550	30	18	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22550	30	19	practices	practice	NOUN
ar-22550	30	20	in	in	ADP
ar-22550	30	21	both	both	DET
ar-22550	30	22	social	social	ADJ
ar-22550	30	23	services	service	NOUN
ar-22550	30	24	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22550	30	25	border	border	NOUN
ar-22550	30	26	‘	'	PUNCT
ar-22550	30	27	security	security	NOUN
ar-22550	30	28	’	'	PUNCT
ar-22550	30	29	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22550	31	1	these	these	DET
ar-22550	31	2	seemingly	seemingly	ADV
ar-22550	31	3	benevolent	benevolent	ADJ
ar-22550	31	4	areas	area	NOUN
ar-22550	31	5	of	of	ADP
ar-22550	31	6	the	the	DET
ar-22550	31	7	state	state	NOUN
ar-22550	31	8	act	act	NOUN
ar-22550	31	9	in	in	ADP
ar-22550	31	10	ways	way	NOUN
ar-22550	31	11	that	that	PRON
ar-22550	31	12	bring	bring	VERB
ar-22550	31	13	to	to	ADP
ar-22550	31	14	fruition	fruition	NOUN
ar-22550	31	15	discourses	discourse	NOUN
ar-22550	31	16	surrounding	surround	VERB
ar-22550	31	17	black	black	ADJ
ar-22550	31	18	poverty	poverty	NOUN
ar-22550	31	19	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22550	31	20	welfare	welfare	NOUN
ar-22550	31	21	fraud	fraud	NOUN
ar-22550	31	22	in	in	ADP
ar-22550	31	23	canada	canada	PROPN
ar-22550	31	24	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22550	32	1	furthermore	furthermore	ADV
ar-22550	32	2	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22550	32	3	harsh	harsh	ADJ
ar-22550	32	4	over	over	ADP
ar-22550	32	5	-	-	PUNCT
ar-22550	32	6	regulation	regulation	NOUN
ar-22550	32	7	of	of	ADP
ar-22550	32	8	black	black	ADJ
ar-22550	32	9	bodies	body	NOUN
ar-22550	32	10	at	at	ADP
ar-22550	32	11	both	both	CCONJ
ar-22550	32	12	the	the	DET
ar-22550	32	13	border	border	NOUN
ar-22550	32	14	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22550	32	15	in	in	ADP
ar-22550	32	16	immigration	immigration	NOUN
ar-22550	32	17	policy	policy	NOUN
ar-22550	32	18	has	have	AUX
ar-22550	32	19	led	lead	VERB
ar-22550	32	20	to	to	ADP
ar-22550	32	21	criminalization	criminalization	NOUN
ar-22550	32	22	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22550	32	23	detainment	detainment	NOUN
ar-22550	32	24	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22550	32	25	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22550	32	26	deportation	deportation	NOUN
ar-22550	32	27	for	for	ADP
ar-22550	32	28	obscure	obscure	ADJ
ar-22550	32	29	legal	legal	ADJ
ar-22550	32	30	reasons	reason	NOUN
ar-22550	32	31	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22550	33	1	the	the	DET
ar-22550	33	2	case	case	NOUN
ar-22550	33	3	of	of	ADP
ar-22550	33	4	debra	debra	PROPN
ar-22550	33	5	spencer	spencer	PROPN
ar-22550	33	6	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22550	33	7	who	who	PRON
ar-22550	33	8	had	have	AUX
ar-22550	33	9	lived	live	VERB
ar-22550	33	10	in	in	ADP
ar-22550	33	11	canada	canada	PROPN
ar-22550	33	12	for	for	ADP
ar-22550	33	13	decades	decade	NOUN
ar-22550	33	14	after	after	ADP
ar-22550	33	15	migrating	migrate	VERB
ar-22550	33	16	when	when	SCONJ
ar-22550	33	17	eight	eight	NUM
ar-22550	33	18	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22550	33	19	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22550	33	20	was	be	AUX
ar-22550	33	21	deported	deport	VERB
ar-22550	33	22	in	in	ADP
ar-22550	33	23	2015	2015	NUM
ar-22550	33	24	for	for	ADP
ar-22550	33	25	a	a	DET
ar-22550	33	26	minor	minor	ADJ
ar-22550	33	27	criminal	criminal	ADJ
ar-22550	33	28	offense	offense	NOUN
ar-22550	33	29	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22550	33	30	pg	pg	NOUN
ar-22550	33	31	.	.	PROPN
ar-22550	33	32	175	175	NUM
ar-22550	33	33	-	-	NUM
ar-22550	33	34	176	176	NUM
ar-22550	33	35	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22550	33	36	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22550	34	1	chapters	chapter	NOUN
ar-22550	34	2	seven	seven	NUM
ar-22550	34	3	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22550	34	4	eight	eight	NUM
ar-22550	34	5	focus	focus	NOUN
ar-22550	34	6	on	on	ADP
ar-22550	34	7	black	black	ADJ
ar-22550	34	8	young	young	ADJ
ar-22550	34	9	people	people	NOUN
ar-22550	34	10	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22550	34	11	through	through	ADP
ar-22550	34	12	a	a	DET
ar-22550	34	13	focus	focus	NOUN
ar-22550	34	14	on	on	ADP
ar-22550	34	15	families	family	NOUN
ar-22550	34	16	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22550	34	17	schools	school	NOUN
ar-22550	34	18	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22550	35	1	chapter	chapter	NOUN
ar-22550	35	2	seven	seven	NUM
ar-22550	35	3	looks	look	NOUN
ar-22550	35	4	at	at	ADP
ar-22550	35	5	the	the	DET
ar-22550	35	6	ways	way	NOUN
ar-22550	35	7	anti	anti	ADJ
ar-22550	35	8	-	-	ADJ
ar-22550	35	9	black	black	ADJ
ar-22550	35	10	racism	racism	NOUN
ar-22550	35	11	permeates	permeate	VERB
ar-22550	35	12	the	the	DET
ar-22550	35	13	child	child	NOUN
ar-22550	35	14	welfare	welfare	NOUN
ar-22550	35	15	system	system	NOUN
ar-22550	35	16	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22550	35	17	to	to	ADP
ar-22550	35	18	the	the	DET
ar-22550	35	19	detriment	detriment	NOUN
ar-22550	35	20	of	of	ADP
ar-22550	35	21	black	black	ADJ
ar-22550	35	22	families	family	NOUN
ar-22550	35	23	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22550	35	24	children	child	NOUN
ar-22550	35	25	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22550	36	1	maynard	maynard	NOUN
ar-22550	36	2	notes	note	VERB
ar-22550	36	3	that	that	SCONJ
ar-22550	36	4	black	black	ADJ
ar-22550	36	5	youth	youth	NOUN
ar-22550	36	6	in	in	ADP
ar-22550	36	7	toronto	toronto	PROPN
ar-22550	36	8	are	be	AUX
ar-22550	36	9	40	40	NUM
ar-22550	36	10	%	%	NOUN
ar-22550	36	11	of	of	ADP
ar-22550	36	12	the	the	DET
ar-22550	36	13	child	child	NOUN
ar-22550	36	14	welfare	welfare	NOUN
ar-22550	36	15	population	population	NOUN
ar-22550	36	16	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22550	36	17	despite	despite	SCONJ
ar-22550	36	18	being	be	AUX
ar-22550	36	19	8	8	NUM
ar-22550	36	20	%	%	NOUN
ar-22550	36	21	of	of	ADP
ar-22550	36	22	the	the	DET
ar-22550	36	23	general	general	ADJ
ar-22550	36	24	population	population	NOUN
ar-22550	36	25	(	(	PUNCT
ar-22550	36	26	pg	pg	INTJ
ar-22550	36	27	.	.	PROPN
ar-22550	36	28	192	192	NUM
ar-22550	36	29	)	)	PUNCT
ar-22550	36	30	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22550	37	1	maynard	maynard	PROPN
ar-22550	37	2	also	also	ADV
ar-22550	37	3	outlines	outline	VERB
ar-22550	37	4	the	the	DET
ar-22550	37	5	myriad	myriad	NOUN
ar-22550	37	6	of	of	ADP
ar-22550	37	7	ways	way	NOUN
ar-22550	37	8	black	black	ADJ
ar-22550	37	9	youth	youth	NOUN
ar-22550	37	10	under	under	ADP
ar-22550	37	11	state	state	NOUN
ar-22550	37	12	care	care	NOUN
ar-22550	37	13	are	be	AUX
ar-22550	37	14	treated	treat	VERB
ar-22550	37	15	with	with	ADP
ar-22550	37	16	less	less	ADJ
ar-22550	37	17	care	care	NOUN
ar-22550	37	18	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22550	37	19	resources	resource	NOUN
ar-22550	37	20	than	than	ADP
ar-22550	37	21	their	their	PRON
ar-22550	37	22	white	white	ADJ
ar-22550	37	23	counterparts	counterpart	NOUN
ar-22550	37	24	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22550	37	25	both	both	PRON
ar-22550	37	26	historically	historically	ADV
ar-22550	37	27	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22550	37	28	today	today	NOUN
ar-22550	37	29	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22550	38	1	chapter	chapter	NOUN
ar-22550	38	2	eight	eight	NUM
ar-22550	38	3	present	present	ADJ
ar-22550	38	4	equally	equally	ADV
ar-22550	38	5	appalling	appalling	ADJ
ar-22550	38	6	statistics	statistic	NOUN
ar-22550	38	7	on	on	ADP
ar-22550	38	8	black	black	ADJ
ar-22550	38	9	youth	youth	NOUN
ar-22550	38	10	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22550	38	11	but	but	CCONJ
ar-22550	38	12	in	in	ADP
ar-22550	38	13	regards	regard	NOUN
ar-22550	38	14	to	to	ADP
ar-22550	38	15	schooling	schooling	NOUN
ar-22550	38	16	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22550	38	17	education	education	NOUN
ar-22550	38	18	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22550	39	1	in	in	ADP
ar-22550	39	2	this	this	DET
ar-22550	39	3	chapter	chapter	NOUN
ar-22550	39	4	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22550	39	5	suspension	suspension	NOUN
ar-22550	39	6	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22550	39	7	expulsion	expulsion	NOUN
ar-22550	39	8	as	as	ADV
ar-22550	39	9	well	well	ADV
ar-22550	39	10	as	as	ADP
ar-22550	39	11	disproportionately	disproportionately	ADV
ar-22550	39	12	high	high	ADJ
ar-22550	39	13	dropout	dropout	NOUN
ar-22550	39	14	rates	rate	NOUN
ar-22550	39	15	are	be	AUX
ar-22550	39	16	discussed	discuss	VERB
ar-22550	39	17	against	against	ADP
ar-22550	39	18	the	the	DET
ar-22550	39	19	backdrop	backdrop	NOUN
ar-22550	39	20	of	of	ADP
ar-22550	39	21	an	an	DET
ar-22550	39	22	education	education	NOUN
ar-22550	39	23	system	system	NOUN
ar-22550	39	24	that	that	PRON
ar-22550	39	25	excludes	exclude	VERB
ar-22550	39	26	black	black	ADJ
ar-22550	39	27	bodies	body	NOUN
ar-22550	39	28	from	from	ADP
ar-22550	39	29	both	both	DET
ar-22550	39	30	classroom	classroom	NOUN
ar-22550	39	31	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22550	39	32	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
ar-22550	39	33	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22550	40	1	the	the	DET
ar-22550	40	2	conclusion	conclusion	NOUN
ar-22550	40	3	offers	offer	VERB
ar-22550	40	4	much	much	ADV
ar-22550	40	5	needed	need	VERB
ar-22550	40	6	hope	hope	NOUN
ar-22550	40	7	for	for	ADP
ar-22550	40	8	the	the	DET
ar-22550	40	9	future	future	NOUN
ar-22550	40	10	after	after	ADP
ar-22550	40	11	such	such	DET
ar-22550	40	12	a	a	DET
ar-22550	40	13	jarring	jar	VERB
ar-22550	40	14	orientation	orientation	NOUN
ar-22550	40	15	to	to	ADP
ar-22550	40	16	canada	canada	PROPN
ar-22550	40	17	’s	’s	PART
ar-22550	40	18	anti	anti	NOUN
ar-22550	40	19	-	-	NOUN
ar-22550	40	20	blackness	blackness	NOUN
ar-22550	40	21	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22550	41	1	this	this	DET
ar-22550	41	2	hope	hope	NOUN
ar-22550	41	3	stems	stem	VERB
ar-22550	41	4	from	from	ADP
ar-22550	41	5	maynard	maynard	NOUN
ar-22550	41	6	’s	’s	PART
ar-22550	41	7	invitation	invitation	NOUN
ar-22550	41	8	to	to	PART
ar-22550	41	9	radically	radically	ADV
ar-22550	41	10	imagine	imagine	VERB
ar-22550	41	11	the	the	DET
ar-22550	41	12	possibilities	possibility	NOUN
ar-22550	41	13	of	of	ADP
ar-22550	41	14	black	black	ADJ
ar-22550	41	15	futurities	futurity	NOUN
ar-22550	41	16	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22550	42	1	she	she	PRON
ar-22550	42	2	reminds	remind	VERB
ar-22550	42	3	us	we	PRON
ar-22550	42	4	of	of	ADP
ar-22550	42	5	the	the	DET
ar-22550	42	6	radical	radical	ADJ
ar-22550	42	7	tradition	tradition	NOUN
ar-22550	42	8	of	of	ADP
ar-22550	42	9	black	black	ADJ
ar-22550	42	10	activism	activism	NOUN
ar-22550	42	11	in	in	ADP
ar-22550	42	12	canada	canada	PROPN
ar-22550	42	13	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22550	42	14	both	both	CCONJ
ar-22550	42	15	past	past	ADJ
ar-22550	42	16	and	and	CCONJ
ar-22550	42	17	present	present	ADJ
ar-22550	42	18	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22550	43	1	the	the	DET
ar-22550	43	2	reader	reader	NOUN
ar-22550	43	3	is	be	AUX
ar-22550	43	4	invited	invite	VERB
ar-22550	43	5	to	to	PART
ar-22550	43	6	imagine	imagine	VERB
ar-22550	43	7	a	a	DET
ar-22550	43	8	world	world	NOUN
ar-22550	43	9	where	where	SCONJ
ar-22550	43	10	black	black	ADJ
ar-22550	43	11	bodies	body	NOUN
ar-22550	43	12	are	be	AUX
ar-22550	43	13	celebrated	celebrate	VERB
ar-22550	43	14	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22550	43	15	rather	rather	ADV
ar-22550	43	16	than	than	ADP
ar-22550	43	17	brutally	brutally	ADV
ar-22550	43	18	repressed	repress	VERB
ar-22550	43	19	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22550	44	1	where	where	SCONJ
ar-22550	44	2	all	all	PRON
ar-22550	44	3	have	have	VERB
ar-22550	44	4	what	what	PRON
ar-22550	44	5	they	they	PRON
ar-22550	44	6	need	need	VERB
ar-22550	44	7	to	to	PART
ar-22550	44	8	thrive	thrive	VERB
ar-22550	44	9	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22550	44	10	rather	rather	ADV
ar-22550	44	11	than	than	ADP
ar-22550	44	12	simply	simply	ADV
ar-22550	44	13	fighting	fight	VERB
ar-22550	44	14	over	over	ADP
ar-22550	44	15	table	table	NOUN
ar-22550	44	16	scraps	scrap	NOUN
ar-22550	44	17	.	.	PUNCT
ar-22550	45	1	finally	finally	ADV
ar-22550	45	2	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22550	45	3	readers	reader	NOUN
ar-22550	45	4	are	be	AUX
ar-22550	45	5	invited	invite	VERB
ar-22550	45	6	to	to	PART
ar-22550	45	7	not	not	PART
ar-22550	45	8	just	just	ADV
ar-22550	45	9	imagine	imagine	VERB
ar-22550	45	10	this	this	DET
ar-22550	45	11	world	world	NOUN
ar-22550	45	12	,	,	PUNCT
ar-22550	45	13	but	but	CCONJ
ar-22550	45	14	to	to	PART
ar-22550	45	15	take	take	VERB
ar-22550	45	16	action	action	NOUN
ar-22550	45	17	today	today	NOUN
ar-22550	45	18	in	in	ADP
ar-22550	45	19	order	order	NOUN
ar-22550	45	20	to	to	PART
ar-22550	45	21	manifest	manifest	VERB
ar-22550	45	22	these	these	DET
ar-22550	45	23	liberatory	liberatory	ADJ
ar-22550	45	24	visions	vision	NOUN
ar-22550	45	25	.	.	PUNCT