id	sid	eid	entity	type
aeasj-327	1	1	american economic & social review	ORG
aeasj-327	1	2	5	CARDINAL
aeasj-327	1	3	2	CARDINAL
aeasj-327	1	4	2019	CARDINAL
aeasj-327	1	5	2576	CARDINAL
aeasj-327	1	6	1269	CARDINAL
aeasj-327	1	7	2576-1277	CARDINAL
aeasj-327	1	8	islamic banking & finance	ORG
aeasj-327	1	9	usa 8	DATE
aeasj-327	1	10	west africa’s	GPE
aeasj-327	1	11	yusuf ibrahim gamawa phd	PERSON
aeasj-327	1	12	obasanjo centre	ORG
aeasj-327	1	13	african	NORP
aeasj-327	1	14	abuja	GPE
aeasj-327	1	15	nigeria	GPE
aeasj-327	2	1	western nigeria	LOC
aeasj-327	2	2	europeans	NORP
aeasj-327	3	1	northern nigeria	LOC
aeasj-327	4	1	timbuktu	GPE
aeasj-327	4	2	gao	PERSON
aeasj-327	4	3	djenne	ORG
aeasj-327	4	4	morocco	GPE
aeasj-327	6	1	kano	PERSON
aeasj-327	6	2	northern nigeria	LOC
aeasj-327	6	3	nigeria	GPE
aeasj-327	7	1	morocco	GPE
aeasj-327	8	1	northern nigeria	LOC
aeasj-327	10	1	timbuktu	GPE
aeasj-327	10	2	gao	PERSON
aeasj-327	10	3	northern nigeria	LOC
aeasj-327	10	4	nigerian	NORP
aeasj-327	11	1	trans-sahara	ORG
aeasj-327	11	2	nigeria	GPE
aeasj-327	11	3	kano	GPE
aeasj-327	11	4	sahel	GPE
aeasj-327	12	1	1	CARDINAL
aeasj-327	12	2	northern africa	GPE
aeasj-327	12	3	atlantic	LOC
aeasj-327	12	4	the red sea	LOC
aeasj-327	13	1	northern senegal	LOC
aeasj-327	13	2	northern burkina	ORG
aeasj-327	13	3	faso	GPE
aeasj-327	13	4	algeria	GPE
aeasj-327	13	5	niger	GPE
aeasj-327	13	6	northern nigeria	GPE
aeasj-327	13	7	central chad	GPE
aeasj-327	13	8	southern sudan	LOC
aeasj-327	13	9	south sudan	GPE
aeasj-327	13	10	eritrea	GPE
aeasj-327	13	11	cameroun	GPE
aeasj-327	13	12	central african	NORP
aeasj-327	13	13	ethiopia	GPE
aeasj-327	14	1	about 5,700 km	QUANTITY
aeasj-327	14	2	savannah	GPE
aeasj-327	14	3	the sudan savannah	LOC
aeasj-327	14	4	sahara	LOC
aeasj-327	16	1	northern nigeria	LOC
aeasj-327	17	1	gao	PERSON
aeasj-327	17	2	timbuktu	GPE
aeasj-327	18	1	nigeria	GPE
aeasj-327	18	2	africa	LOC
aeasj-327	18	3	hundreds of years	DATE
aeasj-327	19	1	nigeria	GPE
aeasj-327	19	2	africa	LOC
aeasj-327	20	1	kano	ORG
aeasj-327	20	2	katsina	GPE
aeasj-327	20	3	borno	GPE
aeasj-327	22	1	today	DATE
aeasj-327	22	2	islamist	NORP
aeasj-327	24	1	the past years	DATE
aeasj-327	24	2	robert muggah	PERSON
aeasj-327	24	3	2019	DATE
aeasj-327	25	1	ghana	GPE
aeasj-327	25	2	songhai	GPE
aeasj-327	25	3	mali	GPE
aeasj-327	25	4	kanem	GPE
aeasj-327	26	1	several years	DATE
aeasj-327	28	1	sahara	LOC
aeasj-327	29	1	american economic & social review	ORG
aeasj-327	30	1	5	CARDINAL
aeasj-327	30	2	2	CARDINAL
aeasj-327	30	3	2019 9	DATE
aeasj-327	30	4	arab	NORP
aeasj-327	30	5	berbers	NORP
aeasj-327	31	1	sahara	LOC
aeasj-327	32	1	pekka masonen	PERSON
aeasj-327	32	2	1995	DATE
aeasj-327	33	1	2	CARDINAL
aeasj-327	33	2	herodotus	NORP
aeasj-327	33	3	489	CARDINAL
aeasj-327	33	4	the nile valley	LOC
aeasj-327	34	1	herodotus	NORP
aeasj-327	34	2	nile	LOC
aeasj-327	34	3	the mediterranean world	LOC
aeasj-327	34	4	centuries	DATE
aeasj-327	36	1	west africa	GPE
aeasj-327	36	2	the mediterranean world	LOC
aeasj-327	36	3	islam	NORP
aeasj-327	36	4	6 th century	DATE
aeasj-327	37	1	around 300	CARDINAL
aeasj-327	37	2	bc	ORG
aeasj-327	39	1	the lake chad basin	LOC
aeasj-327	39	2	senegal river	GPE
aeasj-327	39	3	the mediterranean region	LOC
aeasj-327	40	1	arabs	NORP
aeasj-327	40	2	berbers	NORP
aeasj-327	40	3	persian	NORP
aeasj-327	41	1	jewish	NORP
aeasj-327	41	2	muslims	NORP
aeasj-327	41	3	north africa	GPE
aeasj-327	41	4	muslims	NORP
aeasj-327	41	5	the 7th century	DATE
aeasj-327	41	6	sunni muslims	NORP
aeasj-327	41	7	africa	LOC
aeasj-327	41	8	the mediterranean world	LOC
aeasj-327	42	1	the trans-sahara trade route	ORG
aeasj-327	42	2	8	CARDINAL
aeasj-327	42	3	china	GPE
aeasj-327	42	4	rome	GPE
aeasj-327	42	5	first century	DATE
aeasj-327	42	6	bce for exchange	ORG
aeasj-327	42	7	europe	LOC
aeasj-327	43	1	europe	LOC
aeasj-327	44	1	eight	CARDINAL
aeasj-327	44	2	arabian	NORP
aeasj-327	44	3	rome	GPE
aeasj-327	44	4	greece	GPE
aeasj-327	45	1	europe	LOC
aeasj-327	45	2	the baltic sea	LOC
aeasj-327	45	3	europe	LOC
aeasj-327	46	1	china	GPE
aeasj-327	46	2	india	GPE
aeasj-327	46	3	tibet	GPE
aeasj-327	47	1	italy	GPE
aeasj-327	47	2	the adriatic coast	LOC
aeasj-327	47	3	eight	CARDINAL
aeasj-327	48	1	claire cock-starkey	PERSON
aeasj-327	48	2	2016	CARDINAL
aeasj-327	50	1	wikipedia	PERSON
aeasj-327	51	1	islam	ORG
aeasj-327	51	2	north africa	GPE
aeasj-327	53	1	ibn batuta	PERSON
aeasj-327	53	2	the 14th century	DATE
aeasj-327	55	1	fulani	NORP
aeasj-327	56	1	kanuri	GPE
aeasj-327	56	2	songhai	GPE
aeasj-327	57	1	kano	GPE
aeasj-327	57	2	katsina	GPE
aeasj-327	58	1	islamic	NORP
aeasj-327	60	1	kano	PERSON
aeasj-327	60	2	those days	DATE
aeasj-327	60	3	morocco	GPE
aeasj-327	61	1	moroccan	NORP
aeasj-327	61	2	spain	GPE
aeasj-327	62	1	monica	PERSON
aeasj-327	62	2	2013	DATE
aeasj-327	63	1	american economic & social review	ORG
aeasj-327	64	1	5	CARDINAL
aeasj-327	64	2	2	CARDINAL
aeasj-327	64	3	2019 10 3	DATE
aeasj-327	65	1	recent years	DATE
aeasj-327	66	1	europe	LOC
aeasj-327	68	1	europe	LOC
aeasj-327	68	2	kano	GPE
aeasj-327	68	3	timbuktu	GPE
aeasj-327	68	4	gao	PERSON
aeasj-327	69	1	the trans-sahara trade	ORG
aeasj-327	69	2	north africa	GPE
aeasj-327	69	3	west african	NORP
aeasj-327	71	1	china	GPE
aeasj-327	71	2	one	CARDINAL
aeasj-327	71	3	one	CARDINAL
aeasj-327	71	4	chinese	NORP
aeasj-327	71	5	2017	DATE
aeasj-327	72	1	east asia	LOC
aeasj-327	72	2	southeast asia	LOC
aeasj-327	72	3	east africa	GPE
aeasj-327	72	4	west asia	LOC
aeasj-327	72	5	europe	LOC
aeasj-327	73	1	the african development bank	ORG
aeasj-327	73	2	about 85%	PERCENT
aeasj-327	73	3	morocco	GPE
aeasj-327	73	4	africa	LOC
aeasj-327	74	1	19.07.18	CARDINAL
aeasj-327	76	1	sahel	GPE
aeasj-327	76	2	nigeria	GPE
aeasj-327	76	3	kano	GPE
aeasj-327	76	4	katsina	GPE
aeasj-327	76	5	jigawa e.t.c	GPE
aeasj-327	78	1	buhari	PERSON
aeasj-327	79	1	timbuktu	GPE
aeasj-327	79	2	gao	PERSON
aeasj-327	79	3	kano	PERSON
aeasj-327	79	4	daura	GPE
aeasj-327	79	5	djenne	ORG
aeasj-327	79	6	sijilmasa	GPE
aeasj-327	79	7	cairo	GPE
aeasj-327	79	8	borno	GPE
aeasj-327	80	1	gao	PERSON
aeasj-327	80	2	timbuktu	GPE
aeasj-327	80	3	timbuktu	GPE
aeasj-327	80	4	morocco	GPE
aeasj-327	81	1	timbuktu	GPE
aeasj-327	82	1	timbuktu	GPE
aeasj-327	82	2	sahel	GPE
aeasj-327	83	1	europeans	NORP
aeasj-327	85	1	kurmi market	ORG
aeasj-327	85	2	kofar mata	PERSON
aeasj-327	87	1	4.	CARDINAL
aeasj-327	87	2	africa	LOC
aeasj-327	91	1	morocco	GPE
aeasj-327	91	2	saharan africa	GPE
aeasj-327	91	3	west african	NORP
aeasj-327	91	4	michael	PERSON
aeasj-327	91	5	24.03.17	CARDINAL
aeasj-327	91	6	nigeria	GPE
aeasj-327	92	1	sahara	LOC
aeasj-327	95	1	kano	GPE
aeasj-327	95	2	kaduna	GPE
aeasj-327	95	3	katsina	GPE
aeasj-327	95	4	borno	GPE
aeasj-327	95	5	daura	PERSON
aeasj-327	95	6	timbuktu	GPE
aeasj-327	95	7	gao	PERSON
aeasj-327	96	1	timbuktu	GPE
aeasj-327	96	2	istanbul	GPE
aeasj-327	96	3	nigeria	GPE
aeasj-327	97	1	augustina okpechi	ORG
aeasj-327	97	2	kano	ORG
aeasj-327	97	3	14 september	DATE
aeasj-327	97	4	2016	DATE
aeasj-327	98	1	andrew korybko	PERSON
aeasj-327	98	2	sahelian	NORP
aeasj-327	98	3	one	CARDINAL
aeasj-327	98	4	china	GPE
aeasj-327	98	5	africa	LOC
aeasj-327	98	6	claire cock-starkey	PERSON
aeasj-327	98	7	8	CARDINAL
aeasj-327	98	8	2016	DATE
aeasj-327	99	1	toby green	PERSON
aeasj-327	99	2	trans-sahara trade	ORG
aeasj-327	99	3	west africa.	GPE
aeasj-327	99	4	michael eboh	PERSON
aeasj-327	99	5	12bn	MONEY
aeasj-327	99	6	trans-sahara gas pipeline	ORG
aeasj-327	99	7	24 march	DATE
aeasj-327	99	8	2017	DATE
aeasj-327	100	1	american economic & social review	ORG
aeasj-327	101	1	5	CARDINAL
aeasj-327	101	2	2	CARDINAL
aeasj-327	101	3	2019	DATE
aeasj-327	101	4	monica mark	PERSON
aeasj-327	102	1	nigeria	GPE
aeasj-327	102	2	kano	ORG
aeasj-327	102	3	25 july, 2013	DATE
aeasj-327	103	1	pekka masonen	PERSON
aeasj-327	103	2	university of tampere	ORG
aeasj-327	103	3	third	ORDINAL
aeasj-327	103	4	joensuu	PERSON
aeasj-327	103	5	finland	GPE
aeasj-327	103	6	19	CARDINAL
aeasj-327	103	7	june, 1995	DATE
aeasj-327	104	1	robert muggah	PERSON
aeasj-327	104	2	2019	DATE
aeasj-327	105	1	morocco	GPE
aeasj-327	105	2	africa,19 july,	ORG
aeasj-327	105	3	2018	DATE
aeasj-327	106	1	trans-sahara trade	ORG
aeasj-327	106	2	www.ppps.org/cms	GPE
aeasj-327	107	1	1350-1351	CARDINAL
aeasj-327	107	2	uc berkeley	ORG
aeasj-327	107	3	first	ORDINAL