




































AMERICAN ECONOMIC & SOCIAL REVIEW 9(1) (2022), 9-16 
 

9 

 

    ECONOMIC & SOCIAL REVIEW 

                                                                  AESR VOL 9 NO 1 (2022) P-ISSN 2576-1269  E-ISSN 2576-1277 
                                                  

    Available online at https://www.cribfb.com 

                                                                                                                                      Journal homepage: https://www.cribfb.com/journal/index.php/aesr 

                                                                                                                                                                                              Published by CRIBFB, USA 

EFFORTS BY WOMEN TO BECOME FINANCIALLY 

INDEPENDENT THROUGH E-COMMERCE DURING COVID-19: A 

STUDY ON BANGLADESH PERSPECTIVE     

 Afsana Mimi (a)1  Md. Ali Imran (b)  Jasia Mustafa  (c)  Tahrima Haque Beg (d)  Md. Sazidur Rahman (e) 
 

 

(a) Lecturer, Faculty of Business & Entrepreneurship, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh; E-mail: afsana.ba0178.c@diu.edu.bd 
(b) Assistant Professor, Department of Business Studies, Faculty of Business & Entrepreneurship, Daffodil International University, Bangladesh; E-mail: 

imran@daffodil.ac 
(c) Senior Lecturer, Department of Business Studies, Faculty of Business and Entrepreneurship, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh; E-

mail: jasia.bba@diu.edu.bd 
(d) Assistant Professor, Department of Management & Finance, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh; E-mail:   
sau.finance1@gmail.com 
(e) Executive Officer, Dutch-Bangla Bank Limited, Dhaka, Bangladesh; E-mail: sazid191017@gmail.com 

 

 
A R T I C L E I N F O 

 
 

Article History: 
 

Received: 2nd February 2022 

Accepted: 15th May 2022 

      Online Publication: 20th May 2022 

 
Keywords: 

Women E-commerce, Women 

Entrepreneurship, Financially 

Independent, COVID-19 Pandemic 

 
      JEL Classification Codes:  

 

      L81  

   

 
A B S T R A C T 

 
This research investigates the efforts taken by the women for introducing themselves as financially 

independent through e-commerce from the perspective of Bangladesh. After the outbreak of COVID-19, 

women of Bangladesh suffered a lot in case of – loss of jobs, lower wages, lower educational support, lower 

access to information, and deterioration of mental health due to depression and anxiety. At this bad time, 

e-commerce has shown women a new way of survival and gained economic independence. This study is for 

evaluating how e-commerce becomes a strong tool for women's economic independence during the period 

of this pandemic. Though there are some obstacles, e-commerce is opening the door to women’s success. 

Bangladesh is a developing country where most people think that the only duty of women is cooking and 
looking after children but e-commerce is giving the opportunity to the women to work at home and become 

financially independent. The policy recommendations for encouraging women in e-commerce and 

mitigating their challenges could be helpful for The Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh in 

making this sector more profitable.  

 
 

© 2022 by the authors. Licensee CRIBFB, USA. This article is an open access article  distributed under 
the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license 
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).  

                                                     

  
INTRODUCTION 

In recent decades, Bangladesh has achieved significant progress in the area of women empowerment by ensuring women’s 

education and employment (Mainuddin et al., 2015). During the COVID-19 pandemic, many women in Bangladesh are 

suffering badly who have lost their job. Woman has existing challenges in their workplace and restrictions in the home and 

for this; they are experiencing additional impacts of COVID-19 (Shammi et al., 2021). According to International Labour 

Organization (ILO) (2020), if the women employment drops, it will hinder the economic and social empowerment and it 

will create the deficit of experienced and skilled worker.  

Female entrepreneurs get a huge number of orders during the pandemic because people are reluctant to buy from 

outdoor in fear of infection. Leacock (2020) found that COVID-19 increases the online demand of safety product, medicine, 

sanitizer etc. During this COVID-19 situation, people have no alternative market without online and the whole world is 

continuously becoming dependent on this online platform. Hasan (2020) found that sales through online are increased by 

70% to 80% from the normal time and about 400000 women are using online platform to sell their product. So women are 

representing their expertise on digital platform by breaking the barriers during this pandemic situation. Women 

entrepreneurs are finding what is suitable for them as a result the nature of women entrepreneurship is changing (Begum, 

2020). After losing their jobs many women has started their own business by using different social media with their small 

                                                      
1Corresponding author: ORCID ID: 0000-0003-1055-9919 

© 2022 by the authors. Hosting by CRIBFB. Peer review under responsibility of CRIBFB, USA.  

https://doi.org/10.46281/aesr.v9i1.1723 

 

 

To cite this article: Mimi, A., Imran, M. A., Mustafa, J., Beg, T. H., & Rahman, M. S. (2022). EFFORTS BY WOMEN TO BECOME FINANCIALLY 

INDEPENDENT THROUGH E-COMMERCE DURING COVID-19: A STUDY ON BANGLADESH PERSPECTIVE. American Economic & Social Review, 9(1), 

9-16. https://doi.org/10.46281/aesr.v9i1.1723 

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
https://doi.org/10.46281/aesr.v9i1.1723
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1055-9919
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4732-063X
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3180-7221
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0149-5968
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4097-6337


Mimi et al., American Economic & Social Review 9(1) (2022), 9-16

  

10 
 

capital. The member of women and e-commerce forum (WE) has increased from 30000 to 300000 after the four month of 

COVID-19 (Bdnews24, 2021). 

Women have come forward to take the helm of the family in times of pandemic. The woman who never thought 

of becoming an entrepreneur has also become an entrepreneur to meet the needs of the family. A woman starts a business 

by capitalizing on what she is good at. Through this, a woman entrepreneur has arranged employment for herself as well as 

many others in the area. According to the Bangladesh Association of Software and Information Services (BASIS), 3 lakh 

people in the country are currently doing business through Facebook. Half of them are women. They earn a minimum of Tk 

10,000 to a maximum of Tk 1 lakh per month by selling their products. According to the research, the sale of women's 

products through Facebook has doubled in the pandemic. A significant number of women buy products online at this time, 

especially because they do not leave the house on lockdown; which was a blessing for the women involved in e-commerce.  

According to Maier (2007), e-commerce is the easiest and most popular way to overcome the obstacles in women's 

empowerment such as security, lack of suitable work, lack of capital, working outside the home for a long time. Through e-

commerce, women can run their own businesses at a convenient time with little capital from home. E-commerce is 

convenient for women from all sides. Emphasis needs to be placed on e-commerce to empower women. The involvement 

of women in e-commerce will ensure their leadership and enable them to play a role in the country's economy. 

 

LITERATURE REVIEW 

E-commerce is nothing but electronic commerce. It can be simply defined as conducting business by using electronic media. 

It is also known as online trading. It is a business model that lets organizations and individuals buy and sell products and 

services over the internet (Turban et al., 2007). E-commerce brings a revolution in business practices (Ohidujjaman et al., 

2013). Traditional commerce can be viewed as transactions conducted among business partners. On the other hand, 

electronic commerce is an evolving concept that describes the process of buying and selling or exchanging products, 

services, and information over the internet through the medium of a computer (Khan, 2016). Therefore, e-commerce is all 

about trading or exchanging products and services through electronic media.  

Islam and Humam (2019) stated that both as shoppers and entrepreneur’s women dominate the e-commerce market. 

Akhter (2017) identified that E-commerce provides the opportunity to avoid expenses like physical workplace, workforce, 

logistics etc. So the overall opportunity and convenience to start a business through online with small amount of capital 

contribute to encourage women empowerment. According to the WTO (2020), Women are suffering badly during this 

COVID-19 situation than the (Ali et al., 2020a; Ali et al., 2020b; Chowdhury et al., 2020; F. Chowdhury et al., 2021; S. 

Chowdhury et al., 2021; Iqbal et al., 2021; Kader et al., 2019; Kader et al., 2021a; Kader et al., 2021b; Kabir et al., 2021; 

Nayeen et al., 2020; Nahar et al., 2021; Rahman et al., 2021a; Rahman  et al., 2021b; Shahriar 2021a; Shahriar 2021b; Zayed 

et al., 2021a; and Zayed et al., 2021b) men in case of loss of job, lower wages, lower educational support and lower access 

to information etc. The financial impact of COVID-19 is still going on but this situation is also opening the door to change 

the wheel of luck of those women who lost their job. 

In Bangladesh, women’s involvement in economic activity is common since ancient times. The role of women has 

gone through several transitions and consumed huge time to take shape of the present situation (Nandy & Biswas, 2022).  

Women entrepreneurship in Bangladesh has become an income source for women to get rid of economic dependency 

(Tabassum, 2018). There are different sectors where women entrepreneurship has started its journey and also achieved 

success. Among them, women are more empowered by heading toward e-commerce. Among the twenty thousand pages on 

Facebook, more than twelve thousand are owned by women, and the numbers are increasing day by day (Haque, 2013).  

According to the Women Entrepreneurs Association, an organization of women entrepreneurs, about 60 percent of 

women in Corona have come to sell products online to sustain their business. Many women entrepreneurs have become 

interested in selling products online to keep their businesses afloat during the pandemic crisis. Specially educated women 

have come this way more. Women entrepreneurs promote products on Facebook, WhatsApp, Messenger, Viver. Many have 

opened personal websites to run businesses. Concerned people say that it is possible to promote and spread the product 

easily online. Being able to trade products online reduces the cost of running a business. Increasing the participation of 

women entrepreneurs in selling products online will have a positive impact on the economy (DW, 2020). 

Using Facebook as a medium, women are becoming entrepreneurs with minimum capital. Some of the women 

entrepreneurs are selling various products including clothes, jewelry, handicrafts, and ready-made food. Many are working 

to highlight the indigenous culture. Someone has gone into business with fancy products (Fariha, 2021). These women are 

educated. Many could not get a job due to various problems including family pressure. Many are determined to do something 

on their own. As a result, besides managing the family, women's interest in independent business is increasing. For this 

reason, they can now enhance their living standard and also motivate other women to become financially 

dependent. Compared to non-enterprise women (housewives), women in e-commerce have more control over 

resources, asset ownership, social and economic mobility, political participation, and involvement in household 

and family health decision-making. This is the perfect platform for fighting against the current discriminations 

between men and women in entrepreneurship (Khanum et al., 2020).   

 

OBJECTIVES 

The major objective of this paper is to discover how women became financially independent during COVID-19 pandemic 

in the context of Bangladesh. The specific objective is to discover the financial impact of e-commerce on women based on 

their average order from different online platform which are the main platform to communicate with consumers in the online 

world.  The consequences will impact on the economy of Bangladesh by empowering women through e-commerce. The 

paper identifies the challenges and recommendations for the women empowerment in Bangladesh through E-commerce. 

https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/businessmodel.asp


Mimi et al., American Economic & Social Review 9(1) (2022), 9-16

  

11 
 

METHODOLOGY 

Qualitative approaches have been applied to this paper. As the population for the study is comprised of women e-commerce 

entrepreneurs who operate their businesses through various online platforms. Sample size has been determined from this 

population using the non-probabilistic sampling method, which is set at 100 users. Instead of randomly selecting respondents 

who are not the target respondents, this non-probabilistic sampling method allows for the selection of actual female e-

commerce entrepreneurs. According to Hox and Boejje (2005), there are two sources of data collection- primary and 

secondary. Primary and secondary data are used to accomplish this paper. As the paper is a mix of qualitative and 

quantitative information, a questionnaire is designed to collect primary data from the sample population. The secondary 

sources of data have been collected from various websites, books, organizations, articles, and experts on women's e-

commerce. 

RESULT AND DISCUSSION 

During COVID-19, Successful Women E-commerce Entrepreneur List 

Through the innovative moves, women are proposing new dimensions of improving their socio-economic status. 

Undoubtedly, e-commerce has emerged as a great platform for women empowerment in modern days. Despite having many 

constraints, it is continuously bringing new information resources and opening communication channels for women 

entrepreneurs of the marginalized communities. Undeniably, the revolution in e-commerce has brought a powerful sense of 

financial freedom along with imaginative fulfillment for women. Now they are actively participating in decision making 

and becoming successful leaders. Women are no longer dependent on their families for financial backup. Many of women 

lost income to the coronavirus pandemic, and then they took to Facebook, not to protest, but to sell products of their own or 

as businesses – this is how tens of thousands of women helped Bangladesh’s e-commerce sector thrive during the crisis. 

 

Table 1. Successful Women E-commerce Entrepreneur List during COVID-19 

 
NAME LOCATION DURATION WEBSITE/PAGE NAME SELLING AMOUNT 

Rownok Jahan Mirpur 10 months Shokher Rannaghor 500000 

Masuma Islam Dhaka 7 Months Personal Profile 193000 

Sadia Emamon Borni Dhaka 4 Months Bornil Closet 110000 

Bonny Magura 10 Months Moukhi 400000 

Kaniz Mimi Savar 9 months Kaniz Shamogri 160000 

Sabikunnaher Maria Brahmanbaria 1 year Rakamari Hijab Collection 548000 

Tamanna Erin Chottogram 1 year Erin’s Cooking House 116000 

Meherun Meher Cumilla 10 Months Shokher Khabar Ghor 128000 

                                                                        Source: We Facebook Group 

 

Reasons for started E-commerce During COVID-19 

 
Figure 1. Reasons for started E-commerce During COVID-19 

Source: Author's Compilation 

 

Lots of suffering is caused for large number of people due to COVID-19. Many people have lost their jobs during 

lockdown and many people become idle for staying inside home. During this pandemic period people have lots of free time 

which encourage them to engage with something like e-commerce which not only benefit them but also give the opportunity 

to contribute the national economy. According to the Figure 1, it has been found that 60% of the respondents have entered 

in this e-commerce sector to lead their life independently where 51% respondents also engaged with e-commerce for 

spending their free time during the period of lockdown. The figure revealed 44% of the respondents wanted to contribute 

their family. But this figure also revealed many miserable incidents because it shows that 16% of respondents lost their jobs 

for COVID-19 pandemic and 15% respondent’s family members lost jobs during this period that’s why it was their necessity 

to start e-commerce to survive. 

 

 

 

 

 



Mimi et al., American Economic & Social Review 9(1) (2022), 9-16

  

12 
 

Product Type 

 
Figure 2. Product Type 

Source: Author's Compilation 

 

The Figure 2 represents that 38% of the respondents are involved in food and confectioneries like candy, packaged 

snacks, canned and pickled product, dried herb, baked items, raw ingredients (flours etc.), coffee and tea etc. The figure also 

represents that 35% respondents are engaged in jewelry and fashion accessories which includes clothes, ring, bag, shoe, 

bracelets, necklaces etc. 10% respondents in the figure are engaged with beauty and health related products like soap, 

skincare, shampoo, hair coloring, cosmetic (eye, facial etc.) fragrance etc. 8% respondents operate homeware product. 6% 

provide baby and child care products and rest 3% provides electronic accessories. 

Many women run two or more business at a time but for 2 different businesses (clothes or jewelry or food) 2 

different trade licenses are required. The TIN certificate will be possible for one product and the bank account will be 

possible for one product. But they must have a bank account in the name of business. Personal account or savings account 

will not be accepted. 

 

Average Order per Week 

 
Figure 3. Average Order per Week 

Source: Author's Compilation 
 

Most of the women e-commerce entrepreneur observed an increasing rate of 70 to 80 percent compared to the 

previous time in their online order during pandemic. Figure 3 shows that most of the entrepreneur (67%) got averagely 11-

100 orders per week during pandemic. 21% said that they got below 10 orders per week. Besides, only 12% said that they 

got more than 100 orders per week. 

Sometimes women receive many orders from their customers beyond their production capability. On the other 

hand, they confirm too many orders without taking advance. So they face funding problems to deliver the product. There 

are many customers who have the intension to cancel their order after confirmation. These situations create an uncomfortable 

situation for women. 

 

Total Sale 

 
 

Figure 4. Total Sale 

Source: Author's Compilation 
 

In the Figure total selling amount of each respondent are collected. From the Figure 4 it is found that during the 

COVID-19 period, 40% of the respondent’s total selling amount was between 50000-100000. But the most important thing 

that 34% of the respondent’s total selling amount range is 100000-500000. These 34% respondents are contributing greatly 



Mimi et al., American Economic & Social Review 9(1) (2022), 9-16

  

13 
 

in the economy of Bangladesh during the pandemic. 17% respondents have the total selling amount more than 500000 where 

less than 50000 have only 9% respondents. 

 

Monthly Income 

 
Figure 5. Monthly Income 

Source: Author's Compilation 

 

COVID-19 and lockdown come as a blessing for e-commerce entrepreneurs. In that time people stayed at home 

and prefer to online shopping. That’s why they saw an increasing rate in their sales and monthly income. Figure 5 reveals 

that 45% earn monthly the range of 15000-25000 taka. 32% said that they earn 26000-50000 taka monthly. 13% reported 

that they earn more than 50000 taka monthly. Only 10% said that t heir monthly income is less than 15000 taka.  

In many ways online means a selling less expensive things at a higher price. The people who operate business physically do 

not incur packaging charges and delivery charge is not charged. But the women who run online business have to cut their 

income for packaging and delivering charge, this reduces their monthly income also. 

 

Social Media Platforms to Run Business 

 
Figure 6. Social Media Platforms to Run Business 

Source: Author's Compilation 

 

Figure 6 shows that 100% women e-commerce entrepreneur are running their business through Facebook. Women 

learned Facebook entrepreneurship from a popular support group based on Facebook called Women and E -

Commerce forum (WE). This platform inspired many women to become e-commerce entrepreneur and also helped them 

to learn customer relationship skills required to run their business on Facebook and earn money. Everyone chooses Facebook 

for too many reasons such as, Facebook is low-cost marketing strategy, helps to hare basic information about the business 

and pictures and videos from the business, helps to talk to existing and potential customers and provide customer support, 

helps to raise brand awareness and promote positive word-of-mouth and so on. This study also reveals that among 100%, 

72% women are running their e-commerce through personal Facebook page. On the other side 14% uses Women & E-

commerce forum (WE) Facebook group to sell their products. Only 4% respondents uses their personal Facebook profile to 

sell products. To draw customer attention, most of the entrepreneur named a unique and creative name for their page. On 

the other hand, the figure also shows that, 18% uses what’s app to run the business and 14% uses Instagram to operate their 

business. Besides, only 12% uses own website to run the business.   

Nowadays it has become very important to run personal branding or self-promotion on social media. In order to 

build business, it must first build a person as a brand. Many women run their business in online but they are not aware or 

they don’t have appropriate knowledge about personal branding in social media. 

 

CONCLUSION AND POLICY RECOMMENDATION 

E-commerce allows women for getting economic independence by running their own businesses by balancing their personal 

and professional life. They can now contribute to their families as well as the national economy through income 

generation activities. But they suffer several hurdles when they effort to become self -reliant or financially stable. 

The truth is that women in Bangladesh are lagging in socioeconomic growth which placed them in a 

disadvantageous position because they have less access to money, productive capital, services, and opportunities 

than men. The responsible authority should carefully handle these aspects to provide a better e-commerce platform for 

them. But still, the growth of women's involvement in e-commerce is increasing day by day because e-commerce helps 

them to overcome poverty, reduce inequalities, produce innovative ideas and work from home.  



Mimi et al., American Economic & Social Review 9(1) (2022), 9-16

  

14 
 

Because of encouraging women’s effort for empowering them through e-commerce, the following policies are advocated to 

help them to grow- 

 Bangladesh is a developing country where most of the women are living in rural areas and they need to be inspired. 

They require latest internet facility all over the country, appropriate understanding about - e-commerce website 

development, advertising, online transaction, flexible payment methods and other facilities. 

 We need more women who are willing to take the lead, men who are willing to take on more responsibilities in 

household chores and employers who are interested in creating more flexible workplaces for women in online. 

 Many women don’t take advance for their online order but in this case their protection is required from fraud. 

 Appropriate packaging and delivery channel should be introduced because it cuts their most of the monthly income. 

 It is required to provide training on personal branding in social media. 

 Many people in Bangladesh do not like the word women entrepreneur when they hear it. Because in our society, 

many people still do not like to work outside for women. Later, only housework appears to be his responsibility. 

But overcoming these social barriers, many women entrepreneurs have reached the pinnacle of success through 

their work. Women as entrepreneurs have now taken place in the minds of the people. Nowadays, many women 

are moving forward with their work and intelligence. 

 

 
Author Contributions: Conceptualization, A.M., M.A.I., J.M., T.H.B. and M.S.R.; Data Curation, , A.M., M.A.I., J.M., T.H.B., and M.S.R.; 
Methodology, A.M. and M.A.I.; Validation, A.M. and M.A.I.; Visualization, A.M. and M.A.I.; Formal Analysis, A.M. and M.A.I.; Investigation, A.M. 

and M.A.I.; Resources, A.M. and M.A.I.; Writing – Original Draft, A.M. and M.A.I.; Writing – Review & Editing, A.M. and M.A.I.; Supervision, A.M. 

and M.A.I.; Software, A.M. and M.A.I.; Project Administration, A.M. and M.A.I.; Funding Acquisition, A.M., M.A.I., J.M., T.H.B. and M.S.R. Authors 
have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. 

Institutional Review Board Statement: Ethical review and approval were waived for this study, due to that the research does not deal with vulnerable 

groups or sensitive issues. 
Funding: The authors received no direct funding for this research. 

Informed Consent Statement: Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study. 

Data Availability Statement: The data presented in this study are available on request from the corresponding author. The data are not publicly available 
due to restrictions. 

Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    

 

REFERENCES 

Akhter, M. (2017). Empowering Women through E-commerce-Conduit for Women Entrepreneurs in Bangladesh. IOSR 

Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM), 19(8), 37-47. 

Ali, M. C., Islam, K. M. A., Chung, S. J., Zayed, N. M., & Afrin, M. (2020). A Study of Green Human Resources 

Management (GHRM) and Green Creativity for Human Resources Professionals. International Journal of 

Business and Management Future, 4(2), 57-67. https://doi.org/10.46281/ijbmf.v4i2.857 

Ali, M. C., Islam, K. A., Chung, S. J., Zayed, N. M., & Islam, M. R. (2021). The correlation between job-hopping attitude 

and turnover behavior: A job satisfaction perspective in Bangladesh. International Journal of Business and 

Management Future, 5(1), 14-26. 

Begum, F. A. (2020). Defining woman entrepreneurship. The Financial Express. Retrieved from 

https://thefinancialexpress.com.bd/views/reviews/defining-woman-entrepreneurship-1600615442 

Bdnews24.Com. (2021, February 20). A pandemic boost for women entrepreneurs in Bangladesh’s e-commerce Retrieved 

from https://bdnews24.com/business/2021/02/20/a-pandemic-boost-for-women-entrepreneurs-in-bangladeshs-e-

commerce 

Chowdhury, S., Islam, K. M. A., Rahman, M. M., Raisa, T. S., & Zayed, N. M. (2020). One Day International (ODI) 

Cricket Match Prediction in Logistic Analysis: India VS. Pakistan. Journal of Human Movement and Sports 

Sciences, 8(6), 543-548. https://doi.org/10.13189/saj.2020.080629 

Chowdhury, F. N., Mustafa, J., Islam, K. M. A., Hasan, K. B. M. R., Zayed, N. M., & Raisa, T. S. (2021). Social Business 

in an Emerging Economy: An Empirical Study in Bangladesh. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and 

Business, 8(3), 931–941. https://doi.org/10.13106/JAFEB.2021.VOL8.NO3.0931 

Chowdhury, S., Meero, A., Rahman, A.A.A., Islam, K. M. A., & Zayed, N. M., Hasan, K.B.M. R.  (2021). AN EMPIRICAL 

STUDY ON THE FACTORS AFFECTING ORGANIC FOOD PURCHASING BEHAVIOR IN 

BANGLADESH: ANALYZING A FEW FACTORS. Academy of Strategic Management Journal, 20(4), 1-12. 

Retrieved from https://www.abacademies.org/articles/An-empirical-study-on-the-factors-affecting-organic-food-

purchasing-behavior-in-bangladesh-analyzing-a-few-factors-1939-6104-20-4-815.pdf 

Deutsche Welle (DW). (2020). Bangladesh: Women create online businesses during pandemic. DW.COM. Retrieved from 

https://www.dw.com/en/bangladesh-more-women-create-online-businesses-during-pandemic/a-56076990 

Fariha, T. N. (2021). Women entrepreneurs shift to F-commerce. New Age. Retrieved from 

https://www.newagebd.net/article/143376/women-entrepreneurs-shift-to-f-commerce 

Haque, M. (2013). Women Empowerment through Online Clothing Stores in Bangladesh: Prospects, Barriers and 

Challenges. ICT for Development: Working Paper Series, 3(2). 

Hasan, A. (2020). The growth of e-commerce during the pandemic in Bangladesh. New Age. Retrieved from 

https://www.newagebd.net/article/114200/the-growth-of-e-commerce-during-the-pandemic-in-bangladesh 

Hox, J. J., & Boeije, H. R. (2005). Data collection, primary versus secondary. Retrieved from 

https://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/23634 

Islam, P., & Humam, Y. (2019). Could e-Commerce Bring Womens Financial Inclusion in Bangladesh? CGAP. Retrieved 

https://bdnews24.com/business/2021/02/20/a-pandemic-boost-for-women-entrepreneurs-in-bangladeshs-e-commerce
https://bdnews24.com/business/2021/02/20/a-pandemic-boost-for-women-entrepreneurs-in-bangladeshs-e-commerce
https://www.newagebd.net/article/143376/women-entrepreneurs-shift-to-f-commerce
https://www.newagebd.net/article/114200/the-growth-of-e-commerce-during-the-pandemic-in-bangladesh


Mimi et al., American Economic & Social Review 9(1) (2022), 9-16

  

15 
 

from https://www.cgap.org/blog/could-e-commerce-bring-womens-financial-inclusion-bangladesh 

Iqbal, M. M., Islam, K. M. A., Zayed, N. M., Beg, T. H., & Shahi, S. K. (2021). IMPACT OF ARTIFICIAL 

INTELLIGENCE AND DIGITAL ECONOMY ON INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 4: EVIDENCE FROM 

BANGLADESH. American Finance & Banking Review, 6(1), 42-55. https://doi.org/10.46281/amfbr.v6i1.1489  

International Labour Organization (ILO) (2020, November 20). Retrieved from 

ILODhaka.https://www.ilo.org/dhaka/Informationresources/Publicinformation/Pressreleases/WCMS_761871/la

ng--en/index.html 

Khan, A. G. (2016). Electronic commerce: A study on benefits and challenges in an emerging economy. Global Journal of 

Management and Business Research, 16(1). 

Khanum, F., Akter, N., Deep, T. A., Nayeem, M. A. R., & Akter, F. (2020). The Role of Women Entrepreneurship in 

Women Empowerment: A Case Study in the City of Barishal, Bangladesh. Asian Journal of Advances in 

Research, 5(1), 13-24. 

Kader, S. A., Zayed, N. M., Khan, S., Islam, K. M. A., & Siddiki, M. N. A. (2019). An Analysis of Socio-Economic 

Condition of Female Readymade Garments’(RMG) Workers in Dhaka City. The Millennium University Journal, 

4(1), 12-20. Retrieved from http://www.themillenniumuniversity.edu.bd/journal/index.php/TMUJ/article/view/26 

Kader, S. A., Rahman, A. A. A., Meero, A., Islam, K. M. A., Zayed, N. M., Hasan, K. B. M. R. (2021a). COVID-19: 

AFTER EFFECTS OF CORONAVIRUS AND ITS IMPACT ON GLOBAL ECONOMY. Academy of Strategic 

Management Journal, 20(1). 1-9 Retrieved from https://www.abacademies.org/articles/covid19-after-effects-of-

coronavirus-and-its-impact-on-global-economy-11472.html 

Kader, S. A., Kulsum, U., Islam, K. M. A., Siddiki, M. N. A., Zayed, N. M., & Raisa, T. S. (2021b). Present Situation of 

the Field Workers in the Development Sector: A Social, Financial and Employment Aspect in Bangladesh. Journal 

of Southwest Jiaotong University, 56(2). https://doi.org/10.35741/issn.0258-2724.56.2.29 

Kabir, M. R., Khan, S., Chowdhury, S., Jahan, S., Islam, K. A., & Zayed, N. M. (2021). Corruption Possibilities in the 

Climate Financing Sector and Role of the Civil Societies in Bangladesh. Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University, 

56(2). https://doi.org/10.35741/issn.0258-2724.56.2.6 

Leacock, C. (2020, December 7). A Boon for Online Commerce: How COVID-19 is Transforming the Industry in 

Bangladesh. William Davidson Institute. Retrieved from https://nextbillion.net/online-commerce-covid19-

industry-bangladesh 

Maier, S., & Nair-Reichert, U. (2007). Empowering women through ICT-based business initiatives: An overview of best 

practices in e-commerce/e-retailing projects. Information Technologies & International Development, 4(2), 43-

60. 

Mainuddin, A. K. M., Begum, H. A., Rawal, L. B., Islam, A., & Islam, S. S. (2015). Women empowerment and its relation 

with health seeking behavior in Bangladesh. Journal of family & reproductive health, 9(2), 65-73. 

Nandy, A., & Biswas, M. (2022). Women Entrepreneurs‟ survival in the course of COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh. 

International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, 6(2), 576-584.  

Nayeen, C. J., Islam, K. M. A., Chowdhury, F. N., & Zayed, N. M. (2020). Testing Communicative Language Teaching 

(CLT) through English for Today (EFT) in Bangladesh: Challenges Faced by Tertiary Students Initially. American 

International Journal of Education and Linguistics Research, 3(2), 19-27. 

Nahar, S., Meero, A., Rahman, A. A. A., Hasan, K. B. M. R., Islam, K. M. A., Zayed, N. M., Faisal-E-Alam, M. (2021). 

ANALYSIS ON THE MARKETING STRATEGY AND COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE OF BANKING 

INDUSTRY IN BANGLADESH: AN ENTREPRENEURIAL CASE STUDY OF HSBC BANK. Academy of 

Entrepreneurship Journal, 27(4). 1-7. Retrieved from https://www.abacademies.org/articles/Analysis-on-the-

marketing-strategy-and-competitive-advantage-of-banking-industry-1528-2686-27-4-552.pdf 

Ohidujjaman, O., Hasan, M., & Nurul Huda, M. (2013). E-commerce Challenges, Solutions and Effectiveness Perspective 

Bangladesh. International Journal of Computer Applications, 70(9), 9-17. 

Rahman, A. A. A., Meero, A., Zayed, N. M., Islam, K. M. A., Rabban, M. R., Bunagan, V. D. R. (2021a). IMPACT OF 

LEVERAGE RATIOS ON INDICATORS OF FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE: EVIDENCE FROM BAHRAIN. 

Academy of Strategic Management Journal, 20(3). Retrieved from https://www.abacademies.org/articles/impact-

of-leverage-ratios-on-indicators-of-financial-performance--evidence-from-bahrain-11166.html 

Rahman, A. A. A., Darwish, S., Meero, A., Zayed, N. M., Islam, K. M. A., Raisa, T. S. (2021b). EMERGING 

STRATEGIES AND ECONOMIC IMPACT OF COVID-19: A CASE STUDY OF GULF COOPERATION 

COUNCIL COUNTRIES (GCC). Academy of Strategic Management Journal, 20(1). 1-10 Retrieved from 

https://www.abacademies.org/articles/emerging-strategies-and-economic-impact-of-covid19-a-case-study-of-

gulf-cooperation-council-countries-gcc-11270.html 

Shahriar, M. S., Islam, K. M. A., Zayed, N. M., Hasan, K. B. M. R., & Raisa, T. S. (2021a). The Impact of COVID-19 on 

Bangladesh’s Economy: A Focus on Graduate Employability. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and 

Business, 8(3), 1395–1403. https://doi.org/10.13106/JAFEB.2021.VOL8.NO3.1395 

Shahriar, M.S., Hasan, K.B.M.R., Hossain, T., Beg, T.H., Islam, K.M.A., & Zayed, N.M.  (2021b). Financial decision 

making and forecasting techniques on project evaluation: a planning, development and entrepreneurial 

perspective. Academy of Entrepreneurship Journal, 27(4), 1-7. Retrieved from 

https://www.abacademies.org/articles/Financial-decision-making-and-forecasting-techniques-on-project-

evaluation-a-planning-development-1528-2686-27-4-553.pdf   

 

https://www.cgap.org/blog/could-e-commerce-bring-womens-financial-inclusion-bangladesh


Mimi et al., American Economic & Social Review 9(1) (2022), 9-16

  

16 
 

Shammi, M., Bodrud-Doza, M., Islam, A. R. M. T., & Rahman, M. M. (2021). Strategic assessment of COVID-19 

pandemic in Bangladesh: comparative lockdown scenario analysis, public perception, and management for 

sustainability. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 23(4), 6148-6191. 

Turban, E., Outland, J., King, D., Lee, J. K., Liang, T. P., & Turban, D. C. (2017). Electronic commerce 2018: a managerial 

and social networks perspective. Springer. Retrieved from https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-319-

58715-8 

Tabassum, T. (2018). Facebook-Based Women Entrepreneurship in Bangladesh: Opportunities and 

Challenges. Bangladesh Journal of Public Administration, 26(2), 79-96. 

WTO. (2020). The economic impact of covid-19. The Economic Impact of Covid-19 on Women in Vulnerable Sectors and 

Economies. Published. Retrieved from 

https://www.wto.org/english/news_e/news20_e/info_note_covid_05aug20_e.pdf 

Zayed, N. M .Z., Meero, A., Rahman, A. A. A., Islam, K. M. A., Shahiduzzaman Khan Shahi, Shama Tasnim. (2021a). 

Demand and Supply-Side Analysis of Dhaka Based Online Business during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence 

from Bangladesh. Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University, 56(3). https://doi.org/10.35741/issn.0258-

2724.56.3.47  

Zayed, N. M., Islam, K. M. A., Shahi, S. K., Rahman, M. S., & Raisa, T. S. (2021b). AN ANALYSIS ON THE EFFECTS 

OF CORONAVIRUS (COVID-19) ON THE FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT OF MULTINATIONAL 

CORPORATIONS. Australian Finance & Banking Review, 5(1), 43-53. https://doi.org/10.46281/afbr.v5i1.1015 

 

 
 

Publisher’s Note: CRIBFB stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. 

 

 

© 2022 by the authors. Licensee CRIBFB, USA. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons 

Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). 

American Economic & Social Review (P-ISSN 2576-1269 E-ISSN  2576-1277) by CRIBFB is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 

International License. 

 

https://doi.org/10.35741/issn.0258-2724.56.3.47
https://doi.org/10.35741/issn.0258-2724.56.3.47
https://doi.org/10.46281/afbr.v5i1.1015
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

