id	sid	tid	token	lemma	pos
aeasj-327	1	1	copyright	copyright	NOUN
aeasj-327	1	2	©	©	PROPN
aeasj-327	1	3	cc	cc	PROPN
aeasj-327	1	4	-	-	PUNCT
aeasj-327	1	5	by	by	ADP
aeasj-327	1	6	-	-	PUNCT
aeasj-327	1	7	nc	nc	PROPN
aeasj-327	1	8	2019	2019	NUM
aeasj-327	1	9	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	1	10	cribfb	cribfb	VERB
aeasj-327	1	11	|	|	ADV
aeasj-327	1	12	aesr	aesr	VERB
aeasj-327	1	13	american	american	PROPN
aeasj-327	1	14	economic	economic	PROPN
aeasj-327	1	15	&	&	CCONJ
aeasj-327	1	16	social	social	PROPN
aeasj-327	1	17	review	review	NOUN
aeasj-327	1	18	;	;	PUNCT
aeasj-327	1	19	vol	vol	NOUN
aeasj-327	1	20	.	.	PROPN
aeasj-327	1	21	5	5	NUM
aeasj-327	1	22	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	1	23	no	no	INTJ
aeasj-327	1	24	.	.	NOUN
aeasj-327	1	25	2	2	NUM
aeasj-327	1	26	;	;	PUNCT
aeasj-327	1	27	2019	2019	NUM
aeasj-327	1	28	issn	issn	VERB
aeasj-327	1	29	2576	2576	NUM
aeasj-327	1	30	-	-	SYM
aeasj-327	1	31	1269	1269	NUM
aeasj-327	1	32	e	e	NOUN
aeasj-327	1	33	-	-	NOUN
aeasj-327	1	34	issn	issn	PROPN
aeasj-327	1	35	2576	2576	NUM
aeasj-327	1	36	-	-	SYM
aeasj-327	1	37	1277	1277	NUM
aeasj-327	1	38	published	publish	VERB
aeasj-327	1	39	by	by	ADP
aeasj-327	1	40	centre	centre	NOUN
aeasj-327	1	41	for	for	ADP
aeasj-327	1	42	research	research	NOUN
aeasj-327	1	43	on	on	ADP
aeasj-327	1	44	islamic	islamic	ADJ
aeasj-327	1	45	banking	banking	PROPN
aeasj-327	1	46	&	&	CCONJ
aeasj-327	1	47	finance	finance	PROPN
aeasj-327	1	48	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	1	49	business	business	NOUN
aeasj-327	1	50	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	1	51	usa	usa	PROPN
aeasj-327	1	52	8	8	NUM
aeasj-327	1	53	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
aeasj-327	1	54	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	1	55	west	west	PROPN
aeasj-327	1	56	africa	africa	PROPN
aeasj-327	1	57	’s	’s	PART
aeasj-327	1	58	silk	silk	PROPN
aeasj-327	1	59	road	road	NOUN
aeasj-327	1	60	:	:	PUNCT
aeasj-327	1	61	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	1	62	new	new	PROPN
aeasj-327	1	63	crescent	crescent	PROPN
aeasj-327	1	64	economy	economy	NOUN
aeasj-327	1	65	yusuf	yusuf	PROPN
aeasj-327	1	66	ibrahim	ibrahim	PROPN
aeasj-327	1	67	gamawa	gamawa	PROPN
aeasj-327	1	68	phd	phd	PROPN
aeasj-327	1	69	olusegun	olusegun	PROPN
aeasj-327	1	70	obasanjo	obasanjo	PROPN
aeasj-327	1	71	centre	centre	PROPN
aeasj-327	1	72	for	for	ADP
aeasj-327	1	73	african	african	ADJ
aeasj-327	1	74	studies	study	NOUN
aeasj-327	1	75	national	national	PROPN
aeasj-327	1	76	open	open	PROPN
aeasj-327	1	77	university	university	PROPN
aeasj-327	1	78	abuja	abuja	PROPN
aeasj-327	1	79	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	1	80	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
aeasj-327	1	81	email	email	NOUN
aeasj-327	1	82	:	:	PUNCT
aeasj-327	1	83	yusufgamawa@ymail.com	yusufgamawa@ymail.com	X
aeasj-327	2	1	abstract	abstract	ADJ
aeasj-327	2	2	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	2	3	ancient	ancient	ADJ
aeasj-327	2	4	city	city	NOUN
aeasj-327	2	5	of	of	ADP
aeasj-327	2	6	kano	kano	PROPN
aeasj-327	2	7	that	that	PRON
aeasj-327	2	8	is	be	AUX
aeasj-327	2	9	now	now	ADV
aeasj-327	2	10	located	locate	VERB
aeasj-327	2	11	in	in	ADP
aeasj-327	2	12	north	north	PROPN
aeasj-327	2	13	western	western	PROPN
aeasj-327	2	14	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
aeasj-327	2	15	was	be	AUX
aeasj-327	2	16	an	an	DET
aeasj-327	2	17	important	important	ADJ
aeasj-327	2	18	player	player	NOUN
aeasj-327	2	19	in	in	ADP
aeasj-327	2	20	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	2	21	trans	trans	PROPN
aeasj-327	2	22	-	-	ADJ
aeasj-327	2	23	saharan	saharan	ADJ
aeasj-327	2	24	trade	trade	NOUN
aeasj-327	2	25	that	that	PRON
aeasj-327	2	26	flourished	flourish	VERB
aeasj-327	2	27	before	before	ADP
aeasj-327	2	28	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	2	29	advent	advent	NOUN
aeasj-327	2	30	of	of	ADP
aeasj-327	2	31	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	2	32	europeans	europeans	PROPN
aeasj-327	2	33	.	.	PUNCT
aeasj-327	3	1	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	3	2	transsahara	transsahara	NOUN
aeasj-327	3	3	trade	trade	NOUN
aeasj-327	3	4	also	also	ADV
aeasj-327	3	5	predates	predate	VERB
aeasj-327	3	6	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	3	7	danfodio	danfodio	NOUN
aeasj-327	3	8	jihad	jihad	NOUN
aeasj-327	3	9	that	that	PRON
aeasj-327	3	10	established	establish	VERB
aeasj-327	3	11	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	3	12	caliphate	caliphate	NOUN
aeasj-327	3	13	system	system	NOUN
aeasj-327	3	14	across	across	ADP
aeasj-327	3	15	northern	northern	PROPN
aeasj-327	3	16	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
aeasj-327	3	17	.	.	PUNCT
aeasj-327	4	1	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	4	2	trade	trade	NOUN
aeasj-327	4	3	was	be	AUX
aeasj-327	4	4	seen	see	VERB
aeasj-327	4	5	to	to	PART
aeasj-327	4	6	have	have	AUX
aeasj-327	4	7	involved	involve	VERB
aeasj-327	4	8	many	many	ADJ
aeasj-327	4	9	of	of	ADP
aeasj-327	4	10	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	4	11	sahel	sahel	PROPN
aeasj-327	4	12	states	states	PROPN
aeasj-327	4	13	in	in	ADP
aeasj-327	4	14	present	present	ADJ
aeasj-327	4	15	times	time	NOUN
aeasj-327	4	16	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	4	17	but	but	CCONJ
aeasj-327	4	18	most	most	ADV
aeasj-327	4	19	importantly	importantly	ADV
aeasj-327	4	20	cities	city	NOUN
aeasj-327	4	21	that	that	PRON
aeasj-327	4	22	distinguished	distinguish	VERB
aeasj-327	4	23	themselves	themselves	PRON
aeasj-327	4	24	in	in	ADP
aeasj-327	4	25	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	4	26	production	production	NOUN
aeasj-327	4	27	of	of	ADP
aeasj-327	4	28	various	various	ADJ
aeasj-327	4	29	commodities	commodity	NOUN
aeasj-327	4	30	like	like	ADP
aeasj-327	4	31	timbuktu	timbuktu	PROPN
aeasj-327	4	32	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	4	33	gao	gao	PROPN
aeasj-327	4	34	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	4	35	djenne	djenne	NOUN
aeasj-327	4	36	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	4	37	sijilmasa	sijilmasa	PROPN
aeasj-327	4	38	in	in	ADP
aeasj-327	4	39	morocco	morocco	PROPN
aeasj-327	4	40	.	.	PUNCT
aeasj-327	5	1	since	since	SCONJ
aeasj-327	5	2	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	5	3	demise	demise	NOUN
aeasj-327	5	4	of	of	ADP
aeasj-327	5	5	such	such	ADJ
aeasj-327	5	6	trade	trade	NOUN
aeasj-327	5	7	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	5	8	many	many	ADJ
aeasj-327	5	9	cities	city	NOUN
aeasj-327	5	10	that	that	PRON
aeasj-327	5	11	have	have	VERB
aeasj-327	5	12	hitherto	hitherto	NOUN
aeasj-327	5	13	been	be	AUX
aeasj-327	5	14	part	part	NOUN
aeasj-327	5	15	of	of	ADP
aeasj-327	5	16	it	it	PRON
aeasj-327	5	17	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	5	18	have	have	AUX
aeasj-327	5	19	lost	lose	VERB
aeasj-327	5	20	relevance	relevance	NOUN
aeasj-327	5	21	in	in	ADP
aeasj-327	5	22	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	5	23	economic	economic	ADJ
aeasj-327	5	24	affairs	affair	NOUN
aeasj-327	5	25	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	5	26	have	have	AUX
aeasj-327	5	27	been	be	AUX
aeasj-327	5	28	struggling	struggle	VERB
aeasj-327	5	29	to	to	PART
aeasj-327	5	30	create	create	VERB
aeasj-327	5	31	new	new	ADJ
aeasj-327	5	32	economies	economy	NOUN
aeasj-327	5	33	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	5	34	have	have	AUX
aeasj-327	5	35	not	not	PART
aeasj-327	5	36	been	be	AUX
aeasj-327	5	37	able	able	ADJ
aeasj-327	5	38	to	to	PART
aeasj-327	5	39	do	do	VERB
aeasj-327	5	40	so	so	ADV
aeasj-327	5	41	in	in	ADP
aeasj-327	5	42	modern	modern	ADJ
aeasj-327	5	43	times	time	NOUN
aeasj-327	5	44	.	.	PUNCT
aeasj-327	6	1	kano	kano	PROPN
aeasj-327	6	2	had	have	AUX
aeasj-327	6	3	been	be	AUX
aeasj-327	6	4	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	6	5	economic	economic	ADJ
aeasj-327	6	6	base	base	NOUN
aeasj-327	6	7	of	of	ADP
aeasj-327	6	8	northern	northern	PROPN
aeasj-327	6	9	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
aeasj-327	6	10	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	6	11	its	its	PRON
aeasj-327	6	12	economy	economy	NOUN
aeasj-327	6	13	had	have	AUX
aeasj-327	6	14	supported	support	VERB
aeasj-327	6	15	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	6	16	entire	entire	ADJ
aeasj-327	6	17	north	north	NOUN
aeasj-327	6	18	of	of	ADP
aeasj-327	6	19	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
aeasj-327	6	20	as	as	ADP
aeasj-327	6	21	a	a	DET
aeasj-327	6	22	result	result	NOUN
aeasj-327	6	23	of	of	ADP
aeasj-327	6	24	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	6	25	transsahara	transsahara	NOUN
aeasj-327	6	26	trade	trade	NOUN
aeasj-327	6	27	.	.	PUNCT
aeasj-327	7	1	kano	kano	PROPN
aeasj-327	7	2	became	became	AUX
aeasj-327	7	3	known	know	VERB
aeasj-327	7	4	for	for	ADP
aeasj-327	7	5	trade	trade	NOUN
aeasj-327	7	6	across	across	ADP
aeasj-327	7	7	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	7	8	sahel	sahel	PROPN
aeasj-327	7	9	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	7	10	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	7	11	sahara	sahara	NOUN
aeasj-327	7	12	for	for	ADP
aeasj-327	7	13	its	its	PRON
aeasj-327	7	14	textile	textile	NOUN
aeasj-327	7	15	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	7	16	other	other	ADJ
aeasj-327	7	17	services	service	NOUN
aeasj-327	7	18	that	that	PRON
aeasj-327	7	19	include	include	VERB
aeasj-327	7	20	dyeing	dyeing	NOUN
aeasj-327	7	21	of	of	ADP
aeasj-327	7	22	clothing	clothing	NOUN
aeasj-327	7	23	that	that	PRON
aeasj-327	7	24	were	be	AUX
aeasj-327	7	25	sent	send	VERB
aeasj-327	7	26	to	to	ADP
aeasj-327	7	27	as	as	ADV
aeasj-327	7	28	far	far	ADV
aeasj-327	7	29	as	as	ADP
aeasj-327	7	30	morocco	morocco	PROPN
aeasj-327	7	31	.	.	PUNCT
aeasj-327	8	1	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	8	2	paper	paper	NOUN
aeasj-327	8	3	takes	take	VERB
aeasj-327	8	4	a	a	DET
aeasj-327	8	5	look	look	NOUN
aeasj-327	8	6	at	at	ADP
aeasj-327	8	7	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	8	8	ancient	ancient	ADJ
aeasj-327	8	9	sahel	sahel	PROPN
aeasj-327	8	10	economy	economy	PROPN
aeasj-327	8	11	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	8	12	kano	kano	PROPN
aeasj-327	8	13	’s	’s	PART
aeasj-327	8	14	involvement	involvement	NOUN
aeasj-327	8	15	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	8	16	insists	insist	VERB
aeasj-327	8	17	that	that	SCONJ
aeasj-327	8	18	for	for	ADP
aeasj-327	8	19	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	8	20	economy	economy	NOUN
aeasj-327	8	21	of	of	ADP
aeasj-327	8	22	northern	northern	PROPN
aeasj-327	8	23	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
aeasj-327	8	24	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	8	25	that	that	PRON
aeasj-327	8	26	of	of	ADP
aeasj-327	8	27	kano	kano	PROPN
aeasj-327	8	28	to	to	PART
aeasj-327	8	29	be	be	AUX
aeasj-327	8	30	revamped	revamp	VERB
aeasj-327	8	31	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	8	32	a	a	DET
aeasj-327	8	33	new	new	ADJ
aeasj-327	8	34	strategy	strategy	NOUN
aeasj-327	8	35	will	will	AUX
aeasj-327	8	36	have	have	VERB
aeasj-327	8	37	to	to	PART
aeasj-327	8	38	be	be	AUX
aeasj-327	8	39	developed	develop	VERB
aeasj-327	8	40	.	.	PUNCT
aeasj-327	9	1	this	this	DET
aeasj-327	9	2	strategy	strategy	NOUN
aeasj-327	9	3	will	will	AUX
aeasj-327	9	4	look	look	VERB
aeasj-327	9	5	at	at	ADP
aeasj-327	9	6	reviving	revive	VERB
aeasj-327	9	7	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	9	8	ancient	ancient	ADJ
aeasj-327	9	9	trade	trade	NOUN
aeasj-327	9	10	links	link	NOUN
aeasj-327	9	11	that	that	PRON
aeasj-327	9	12	existed	exist	VERB
aeasj-327	9	13	before	before	ADV
aeasj-327	9	14	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	9	15	make	make	VERB
aeasj-327	9	16	for	for	ADP
aeasj-327	9	17	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	9	18	construction	construction	NOUN
aeasj-327	9	19	of	of	ADP
aeasj-327	9	20	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
aeasj-327	9	21	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	9	22	industries	industry	NOUN
aeasj-327	9	23	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	9	24	necessary	necessary	ADJ
aeasj-327	9	25	tourism	tourism	NOUN
aeasj-327	9	26	potentials	potential	VERB
aeasj-327	9	27	available	available	ADJ
aeasj-327	9	28	.	.	PUNCT
aeasj-327	10	1	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	10	2	that	that	SCONJ
aeasj-327	10	3	it	it	PRON
aeasj-327	10	4	is	be	AUX
aeasj-327	10	5	only	only	ADV
aeasj-327	10	6	by	by	ADP
aeasj-327	10	7	doing	do	VERB
aeasj-327	10	8	so	so	SCONJ
aeasj-327	10	9	that	that	SCONJ
aeasj-327	10	10	kano	kano	NOUN
aeasj-327	10	11	as	as	ADP
aeasj-327	10	12	city	city	NOUN
aeasj-327	10	13	will	will	AUX
aeasj-327	10	14	take	take	VERB
aeasj-327	10	15	its	its	PRON
aeasj-327	10	16	proper	proper	ADJ
aeasj-327	10	17	place	place	NOUN
aeasj-327	10	18	among	among	ADP
aeasj-327	10	19	cities	city	NOUN
aeasj-327	10	20	like	like	ADP
aeasj-327	10	21	timbuktu	timbuktu	PROPN
aeasj-327	10	22	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	10	23	gao	gao	PROPN
aeasj-327	10	24	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	10	25	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	10	26	impact	impact	NOUN
aeasj-327	10	27	on	on	ADP
aeasj-327	10	28	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	10	29	economy	economy	NOUN
aeasj-327	10	30	of	of	ADP
aeasj-327	10	31	northern	northern	PROPN
aeasj-327	10	32	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
aeasj-327	10	33	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	10	34	by	by	ADP
aeasj-327	10	35	extension	extension	NOUN
aeasj-327	10	36	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	10	37	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
aeasj-327	10	38	nation	nation	NOUN
aeasj-327	10	39	.	.	PUNCT
aeasj-327	11	1	keywords	keyword	NOUN
aeasj-327	11	2	:	:	PUNCT
aeasj-327	11	3	trans	trans	PROPN
aeasj-327	11	4	-	-	PROPN
aeasj-327	11	5	sahara	sahara	ADJ
aeasj-327	11	6	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	11	7	trade	trade	NOUN
aeasj-327	11	8	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	11	9	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
aeasj-327	11	10	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	11	11	kano	kano	PROPN
aeasj-327	11	12	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	11	13	sahel	sahel	PROPN
aeasj-327	11	14	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	11	15	crescent	crescent	NOUN
aeasj-327	11	16	economy	economy	NOUN
aeasj-327	11	17	.	.	PUNCT
aeasj-327	12	1	1	1	X
aeasj-327	12	2	.	.	X
aeasj-327	12	3	introduction	introduction	NOUN
aeasj-327	12	4	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	12	5	sahel	sahel	PROPN
aeasj-327	12	6	region	region	PROPN
aeasj-327	12	7	stretches	stretch	VERB
aeasj-327	12	8	across	across	ADP
aeasj-327	12	9	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	12	10	south	south	ADJ
aeasj-327	12	11	central	central	ADJ
aeasj-327	12	12	latitudes	latitude	NOUN
aeasj-327	12	13	of	of	ADP
aeasj-327	12	14	northern	northern	PROPN
aeasj-327	12	15	africa	africa	PROPN
aeasj-327	12	16	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	12	17	between	between	ADP
aeasj-327	12	18	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	12	19	atlantic	atlantic	PROPN
aeasj-327	12	20	ocean	ocean	PROPN
aeasj-327	12	21	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	12	22	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	12	23	red	red	PROPN
aeasj-327	12	24	sea	sea	PROPN
aeasj-327	12	25	.	.	PUNCT
aeasj-327	13	1	it	it	PRON
aeasj-327	13	2	includes	include	VERB
aeasj-327	13	3	parts	part	NOUN
aeasj-327	13	4	of	of	ADP
aeasj-327	13	5	northern	northern	ADJ
aeasj-327	13	6	senegal	senegal	NOUN
aeasj-327	13	7	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	13	8	southern	southern	ADJ
aeasj-327	13	9	mauritania	mauritania	NOUN
aeasj-327	13	10	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	13	11	central	central	ADJ
aeasj-327	13	12	mali	mali	ADJ
aeasj-327	13	13	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	13	14	northern	northern	PROPN
aeasj-327	13	15	burkina	burkina	PROPN
aeasj-327	13	16	faso	faso	PROPN
aeasj-327	13	17	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	13	18	south	south	ADV
aeasj-327	13	19	of	of	ADP
aeasj-327	13	20	algeria	algeria	PROPN
aeasj-327	13	21	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	13	22	niger	niger	PROPN
aeasj-327	13	23	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	13	24	northern	northern	PROPN
aeasj-327	13	25	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
aeasj-327	13	26	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	13	27	central	central	PROPN
aeasj-327	13	28	chad	chad	PROPN
aeasj-327	13	29	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	13	30	central	central	ADJ
aeasj-327	13	31	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	13	32	southern	southern	ADJ
aeasj-327	13	33	sudan	sudan	PROPN
aeasj-327	13	34	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	13	35	north	north	NOUN
aeasj-327	13	36	of	of	ADP
aeasj-327	13	37	south	south	PROPN
aeasj-327	13	38	sudan	sudan	PROPN
aeasj-327	13	39	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	13	40	eritrea	eritrea	PROPN
aeasj-327	13	41	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	13	42	cameroun	cameroun	PROPN
aeasj-327	13	43	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	13	44	central	central	ADJ
aeasj-327	13	45	african	african	ADJ
aeasj-327	13	46	republic	republic	NOUN
aeasj-327	13	47	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	13	48	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	13	49	north	north	NOUN
aeasj-327	13	50	of	of	ADP
aeasj-327	13	51	ethiopia	ethiopia	PROPN
aeasj-327	13	52	.	.	PUNCT
aeasj-327	14	1	it	it	PRON
aeasj-327	14	2	covers	cover	VERB
aeasj-327	14	3	an	an	DET
aeasj-327	14	4	area	area	NOUN
aeasj-327	14	5	of	of	ADP
aeasj-327	14	6	about	about	ADV
aeasj-327	14	7	5,700	5,700	NUM
aeasj-327	14	8	km	km	NOUN
aeasj-327	14	9	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	14	10	is	be	AUX
aeasj-327	14	11	considered	consider	VERB
aeasj-327	14	12	as	as	ADP
aeasj-327	14	13	a	a	DET
aeasj-327	14	14	transitional	transitional	ADJ
aeasj-327	14	15	eco	eco	NOUN
aeasj-327	14	16	region	region	NOUN
aeasj-327	14	17	that	that	PRON
aeasj-327	14	18	consists	consist	VERB
aeasj-327	14	19	of	of	ADP
aeasj-327	14	20	semi	semi	ADJ
aeasj-327	14	21	-	-	ADJ
aeasj-327	14	22	arid	arid	ADJ
aeasj-327	14	23	grasslands	grassland	NOUN
aeasj-327	14	24	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	14	25	savannah	savannah	PROPN
aeasj-327	14	26	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	14	27	steppes	steppe	NOUN
aeasj-327	14	28	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	14	29	thorn	thorn	NOUN
aeasj-327	14	30	shrubs	shrub	NOUN
aeasj-327	14	31	lands	land	NOUN
aeasj-327	14	32	that	that	PRON
aeasj-327	14	33	are	be	AUX
aeasj-327	14	34	located	locate	VERB
aeasj-327	14	35	between	between	ADP
aeasj-327	14	36	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	14	37	sudan	sudan	PROPN
aeasj-327	14	38	savannah	savannah	PROPN
aeasj-327	14	39	in	in	ADP
aeasj-327	14	40	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	14	41	south	south	NOUN
aeasj-327	14	42	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	14	43	to	to	ADP
aeasj-327	14	44	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	14	45	north	north	NOUN
aeasj-327	14	46	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	14	47	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	14	48	sahara	sahara	PROPN
aeasj-327	14	49	.	.	PUNCT
aeasj-327	15	1	it	it	PRON
aeasj-327	15	2	is	be	AUX
aeasj-327	15	3	a	a	DET
aeasj-327	15	4	fertile	fertile	ADJ
aeasj-327	15	5	region	region	NOUN
aeasj-327	15	6	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	15	7	agriculture	agriculture	NOUN
aeasj-327	15	8	contributes	contribute	VERB
aeasj-327	15	9	heavily	heavily	ADV
aeasj-327	15	10	to	to	ADP
aeasj-327	15	11	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	15	12	gdp	gdp	NOUN
aeasj-327	15	13	of	of	ADP
aeasj-327	15	14	most	most	ADJ
aeasj-327	15	15	of	of	ADP
aeasj-327	15	16	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	15	17	countries	country	NOUN
aeasj-327	15	18	located	locate	VERB
aeasj-327	15	19	in	in	ADP
aeasj-327	15	20	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	15	21	sahel	sahel	PROPN
aeasj-327	15	22	region	region	PROPN
aeasj-327	15	23	presently	presently	ADV
aeasj-327	15	24	.	.	PUNCT
aeasj-327	16	1	there	there	PRON
aeasj-327	16	2	is	be	VERB
aeasj-327	16	3	absolutely	absolutely	ADV
aeasj-327	16	4	no	no	PRON
aeasj-327	16	5	doubt	doubt	NOUN
aeasj-327	16	6	that	that	SCONJ
aeasj-327	16	7	relations	relation	NOUN
aeasj-327	16	8	exist	exist	VERB
aeasj-327	16	9	between	between	ADP
aeasj-327	16	10	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	16	11	people	people	NOUN
aeasj-327	16	12	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	16	13	economy	economy	NOUN
aeasj-327	16	14	of	of	ADP
aeasj-327	16	15	certain	certain	ADJ
aeasj-327	16	16	parts	part	NOUN
aeasj-327	16	17	of	of	ADP
aeasj-327	16	18	northern	northern	PROPN
aeasj-327	16	19	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
aeasj-327	16	20	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	16	21	parts	part	NOUN
aeasj-327	16	22	of	of	ADP
aeasj-327	16	23	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	16	24	sahel	sahel	PROPN
aeasj-327	16	25	region	region	NOUN
aeasj-327	16	26	in	in	ADP
aeasj-327	16	27	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	16	28	past	past	NOUN
aeasj-327	16	29	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	16	30	present	present	ADJ
aeasj-327	16	31	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	16	32	definitely	definitely	ADV
aeasj-327	16	33	in	in	ADP
aeasj-327	16	34	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	16	35	future	future	NOUN
aeasj-327	16	36	.	.	PUNCT
aeasj-327	17	1	however	however	ADV
aeasj-327	17	2	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	17	3	there	there	PRON
aeasj-327	17	4	have	have	AUX
aeasj-327	17	5	been	be	AUX
aeasj-327	17	6	changes	change	NOUN
aeasj-327	17	7	overtime	overtime	NOUN
aeasj-327	17	8	in	in	ADP
aeasj-327	17	9	such	such	ADJ
aeasj-327	17	10	economic	economic	ADJ
aeasj-327	17	11	relations	relation	NOUN
aeasj-327	17	12	between	between	ADP
aeasj-327	17	13	for	for	ADP
aeasj-327	17	14	example	example	NOUN
aeasj-327	17	15	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	17	16	kano	kano	PROPN
aeasj-327	17	17	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	17	18	a	a	DET
aeasj-327	17	19	major	major	ADJ
aeasj-327	17	20	player	player	NOUN
aeasj-327	17	21	in	in	ADP
aeasj-327	17	22	trans	trans	PROPN
aeasj-327	17	23	-	-	ADJ
aeasj-327	17	24	saharan	saharan	ADJ
aeasj-327	17	25	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	17	26	trade	trade	NOUN
aeasj-327	17	27	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	17	28	gao	gao	PROPN
aeasj-327	17	29	or	or	CCONJ
aeasj-327	17	30	timbuktu	timbuktu	PROPN
aeasj-327	17	31	now	now	ADV
aeasj-327	17	32	in	in	ADP
aeasj-327	17	33	mali	mali	PROPN
aeasj-327	17	34	.	.	PUNCT
aeasj-327	18	1	in	in	ADP
aeasj-327	18	2	fact	fact	NOUN
aeasj-327	18	3	no	no	DET
aeasj-327	18	4	many	many	ADJ
aeasj-327	18	5	in	in	ADP
aeasj-327	18	6	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
aeasj-327	18	7	or	or	CCONJ
aeasj-327	18	8	across	across	ADP
aeasj-327	18	9	africa	africa	PROPN
aeasj-327	18	10	or	or	CCONJ
aeasj-327	18	11	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	18	12	sahel	sahel	PROPN
aeasj-327	18	13	region	region	PROPN
aeasj-327	18	14	understand	understand	VERB
aeasj-327	18	15	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	18	16	appreciate	appreciate	VERB
aeasj-327	18	17	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	18	18	significance	significance	NOUN
aeasj-327	18	19	of	of	ADP
aeasj-327	18	20	these	these	DET
aeasj-327	18	21	trade	trade	NOUN
aeasj-327	18	22	relations	relation	NOUN
aeasj-327	18	23	that	that	PRON
aeasj-327	18	24	have	have	AUX
aeasj-327	18	25	existed	exist	VERB
aeasj-327	18	26	over	over	ADP
aeasj-327	18	27	several	several	ADJ
aeasj-327	18	28	hundreds	hundred	NOUN
aeasj-327	18	29	of	of	ADP
aeasj-327	18	30	years	year	NOUN
aeasj-327	18	31	.	.	PUNCT
aeasj-327	19	1	unfortunately	unfortunately	ADV
aeasj-327	19	2	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	19	3	cities	city	NOUN
aeasj-327	19	4	in	in	ADP
aeasj-327	19	5	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	19	6	north	north	NOUN
aeasj-327	19	7	of	of	ADP
aeasj-327	19	8	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
aeasj-327	19	9	have	have	AUX
aeasj-327	19	10	lost	lose	VERB
aeasj-327	19	11	out	out	ADP
aeasj-327	19	12	in	in	ADP
aeasj-327	19	13	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	19	14	lucrative	lucrative	ADJ
aeasj-327	19	15	trade	trade	NOUN
aeasj-327	19	16	flourishing	flourish	VERB
aeasj-327	19	17	along	along	ADP
aeasj-327	19	18	this	this	DET
aeasj-327	19	19	once	once	ADV
aeasj-327	19	20	highly	highly	ADV
aeasj-327	19	21	important	important	ADJ
aeasj-327	19	22	area	area	NOUN
aeasj-327	19	23	of	of	ADP
aeasj-327	19	24	trade	trade	NOUN
aeasj-327	19	25	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	19	26	learning	learn	VERB
aeasj-327	19	27	in	in	ADP
aeasj-327	19	28	africa	africa	PROPN
aeasj-327	19	29	.	.	PUNCT
aeasj-327	20	1	kano	kano	PROPN
aeasj-327	20	2	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	20	3	katsina	katsina	PROPN
aeasj-327	20	4	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	20	5	parts	part	NOUN
aeasj-327	20	6	of	of	ADP
aeasj-327	20	7	borno	borno	PROPN
aeasj-327	20	8	have	have	AUX
aeasj-327	20	9	been	be	AUX
aeasj-327	20	10	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	20	11	main	main	ADJ
aeasj-327	20	12	beneficiaries	beneficiary	NOUN
aeasj-327	20	13	of	of	ADP
aeasj-327	20	14	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	20	15	trans	trans	ADJ
aeasj-327	20	16	-	-	ADJ
aeasj-327	20	17	saharan	saharan	ADJ
aeasj-327	20	18	trade	trade	NOUN
aeasj-327	20	19	that	that	PRON
aeasj-327	20	20	flourished	flourish	VERB
aeasj-327	20	21	in	in	ADP
aeasj-327	20	22	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	20	23	sahel	sahel	PROPN
aeasj-327	20	24	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	20	25	linked	link	VERB
aeasj-327	20	26	these	these	DET
aeasj-327	20	27	cities	city	NOUN
aeasj-327	20	28	with	with	ADP
aeasj-327	20	29	other	other	ADJ
aeasj-327	20	30	cities	city	NOUN
aeasj-327	20	31	in	in	ADP
aeasj-327	20	32	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	20	33	region	region	NOUN
aeasj-327	20	34	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	20	35	even	even	ADV
aeasj-327	20	36	beyond	beyond	ADP
aeasj-327	20	37	.	.	PUNCT
aeasj-327	21	1	there	there	PRON
aeasj-327	21	2	also	also	ADV
aeasj-327	21	3	seems	seem	VERB
aeasj-327	21	4	to	to	PART
aeasj-327	21	5	be	be	AUX
aeasj-327	21	6	a	a	DET
aeasj-327	21	7	decline	decline	NOUN
aeasj-327	21	8	in	in	ADP
aeasj-327	21	9	trading	trading	NOUN
aeasj-327	21	10	activities	activity	NOUN
aeasj-327	21	11	in	in	ADP
aeasj-327	21	12	general	general	ADJ
aeasj-327	21	13	along	along	ADP
aeasj-327	21	14	this	this	DET
aeasj-327	21	15	ancient	ancient	ADJ
aeasj-327	21	16	trade	trade	NOUN
aeasj-327	21	17	route	route	NOUN
aeasj-327	21	18	that	that	PRON
aeasj-327	21	19	many	many	ADJ
aeasj-327	21	20	have	have	AUX
aeasj-327	21	21	found	find	VERB
aeasj-327	21	22	difficult	difficult	ADJ
aeasj-327	21	23	to	to	PART
aeasj-327	21	24	explain	explain	VERB
aeasj-327	21	25	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	21	26	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	21	27	it	it	PRON
aeasj-327	21	28	has	have	AUX
aeasj-327	21	29	remained	remain	VERB
aeasj-327	21	30	difficult	difficult	ADJ
aeasj-327	21	31	to	to	PART
aeasj-327	21	32	revive	revive	VERB
aeasj-327	21	33	.	.	PUNCT
aeasj-327	22	1	today	today	NOUN
aeasj-327	22	2	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	22	3	sahel	sahel	PROPN
aeasj-327	22	4	region	region	PROPN
aeasj-327	22	5	is	be	AUX
aeasj-327	22	6	seen	see	VERB
aeasj-327	22	7	as	as	ADP
aeasj-327	22	8	a	a	DET
aeasj-327	22	9	dry	dry	ADJ
aeasj-327	22	10	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	22	11	impoverished	impoverished	ADJ
aeasj-327	22	12	region	region	NOUN
aeasj-327	22	13	as	as	ADP
aeasj-327	22	14	a	a	DET
aeasj-327	22	15	result	result	NOUN
aeasj-327	22	16	of	of	ADP
aeasj-327	22	17	several	several	ADJ
aeasj-327	22	18	reasons	reason	NOUN
aeasj-327	22	19	that	that	PRON
aeasj-327	22	20	range	range	VERB
aeasj-327	22	21	from	from	ADP
aeasj-327	22	22	desertification	desertification	NOUN
aeasj-327	22	23	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	22	24	food	food	NOUN
aeasj-327	22	25	insecurity	insecurity	NOUN
aeasj-327	22	26	to	to	ADP
aeasj-327	22	27	threats	threat	NOUN
aeasj-327	22	28	of	of	ADP
aeasj-327	22	29	islamist	islamist	ADJ
aeasj-327	22	30	terrorist	terrorist	NOUN
aeasj-327	22	31	.	.	PUNCT
aeasj-327	23	1	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	23	2	region	region	NOUN
aeasj-327	23	3	is	be	AUX
aeasj-327	23	4	general	general	ADJ
aeasj-327	23	5	characterized	characterize	VERB
aeasj-327	23	6	by	by	ADP
aeasj-327	23	7	violence	violence	NOUN
aeasj-327	23	8	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	23	9	insecurity	insecurity	NOUN
aeasj-327	23	10	.	.	PUNCT
aeasj-327	24	1	droughts	drought	NOUN
aeasj-327	24	2	of	of	ADP
aeasj-327	24	3	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	24	4	past	past	ADJ
aeasj-327	24	5	years	year	NOUN
aeasj-327	24	6	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	24	7	desertification	desertification	NOUN
aeasj-327	24	8	has	have	AUX
aeasj-327	24	9	led	lead	VERB
aeasj-327	24	10	to	to	ADP
aeasj-327	24	11	a	a	DET
aeasj-327	24	12	drastic	drastic	ADJ
aeasj-327	24	13	decline	decline	NOUN
aeasj-327	24	14	in	in	ADP
aeasj-327	24	15	agricultural	agricultural	ADJ
aeasj-327	24	16	production	production	NOUN
aeasj-327	24	17	across	across	ADP
aeasj-327	24	18	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	24	19	region	region	NOUN
aeasj-327	24	20	[	[	X
aeasj-327	24	21	robert	robert	PROPN
aeasj-327	24	22	muggah	muggah	PROPN
aeasj-327	24	23	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	24	24	2019	2019	NUM
aeasj-327	24	25	]	]	PUNCT
aeasj-327	24	26	.	.	PUNCT
aeasj-327	25	1	it	it	PRON
aeasj-327	25	2	is	be	AUX
aeasj-327	25	3	this	this	DET
aeasj-327	25	4	same	same	ADJ
aeasj-327	25	5	region	region	NOUN
aeasj-327	25	6	that	that	PRON
aeasj-327	25	7	was	be	AUX
aeasj-327	25	8	in	in	ADP
aeasj-327	25	9	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	25	10	past	past	NOUN
aeasj-327	25	11	regarded	regard	VERB
aeasj-327	25	12	as	as	ADP
aeasj-327	25	13	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	25	14	region	region	NOUN
aeasj-327	25	15	of	of	ADP
aeasj-327	25	16	trans	trans	ADJ
aeasj-327	25	17	-	-	ADJ
aeasj-327	25	18	regional	regional	ADJ
aeasj-327	25	19	exchange	exchange	NOUN
aeasj-327	25	20	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	25	21	thriving	thrive	VERB
aeasj-327	25	22	urban	urban	ADJ
aeasj-327	25	23	centers	center	NOUN
aeasj-327	25	24	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	25	25	legendary	legendary	ADJ
aeasj-327	25	26	kingdoms	kingdom	NOUN
aeasj-327	25	27	or	or	CCONJ
aeasj-327	25	28	empires	empire	NOUN
aeasj-327	25	29	such	such	DET
aeasj-327	25	30	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	25	31	great	great	ADJ
aeasj-327	25	32	ghana	ghana	PROPN
aeasj-327	25	33	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	25	34	songhai	songhai	PROPN
aeasj-327	25	35	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	25	36	takrur	takrur	NOUN
aeasj-327	25	37	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	25	38	malinke	malinke	NOUN
aeasj-327	25	39	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	25	40	mali	mali	ADJ
aeasj-327	25	41	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	25	42	kanem	kanem	PROPN
aeasj-327	25	43	-	-	PUNCT
aeasj-327	25	44	borno	borno	PROPN
aeasj-327	25	45	empires	empire	NOUN
aeasj-327	25	46	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	25	47	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	25	48	hausa	hausa	NOUN
aeasj-327	25	49	states	state	NOUN
aeasj-327	25	50	.	.	PUNCT
aeasj-327	26	1	various	various	ADJ
aeasj-327	26	2	products	product	NOUN
aeasj-327	26	3	have	have	AUX
aeasj-327	26	4	been	be	AUX
aeasj-327	26	5	traded	trade	VERB
aeasj-327	26	6	across	across	ADP
aeasj-327	26	7	this	this	DET
aeasj-327	26	8	region	region	NOUN
aeasj-327	26	9	over	over	ADP
aeasj-327	26	10	several	several	ADJ
aeasj-327	26	11	years	year	NOUN
aeasj-327	26	12	.	.	PUNCT
aeasj-327	27	1	these	these	DET
aeasj-327	27	2	products	product	NOUN
aeasj-327	27	3	include	include	VERB
aeasj-327	27	4	grains	grain	NOUN
aeasj-327	27	5	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	27	6	meat	meat	NOUN
aeasj-327	27	7	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	27	8	leather	leather	NOUN
aeasj-327	27	9	among	among	ADP
aeasj-327	27	10	humid	humid	ADJ
aeasj-327	27	11	savannah	savannah	PROPN
aeasj-327	27	12	products	product	NOUN
aeasj-327	27	13	.	.	PUNCT
aeasj-327	28	1	gold	gold	NOUN
aeasj-327	28	2	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	28	3	salt	salt	NOUN
aeasj-327	28	4	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	28	5	cloth	cloth	NOUN
aeasj-327	28	6	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	28	7	horses	horse	NOUN
aeasj-327	28	8	were	be	AUX
aeasj-327	28	9	traded	trade	VERB
aeasj-327	28	10	across	across	ADP
aeasj-327	28	11	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	28	12	region	region	NOUN
aeasj-327	28	13	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	28	14	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	28	15	sahara	sahara	PROPN
aeasj-327	28	16	.	.	PUNCT
aeasj-327	29	1	such	such	ADJ
aeasj-327	29	2	copyright	copyright	NOUN
aeasj-327	29	3	©	©	PROPN
aeasj-327	29	4	cc	cc	NOUN
aeasj-327	29	5	-	-	PUNCT
aeasj-327	29	6	by	by	ADP
aeasj-327	29	7	-	-	PUNCT
aeasj-327	29	8	nc	nc	PROPN
aeasj-327	29	9	2019	2019	NUM
aeasj-327	29	10	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	29	11	cribfb	cribfb	VERB
aeasj-327	29	12	|	|	ADV
aeasj-327	29	13	aesr	aesr	ADV
aeasj-327	29	14	www.cribfb.com/journal/index.php/aesr	www.cribfb.com/journal/index.php/aesr	VERB
aeasj-327	29	15	american	american	PROPN
aeasj-327	29	16	economic	economic	PROPN
aeasj-327	29	17	&	&	CCONJ
aeasj-327	29	18	social	social	PROPN
aeasj-327	29	19	review	review	PROPN
aeasj-327	29	20	vol	vol	NOUN
aeasj-327	29	21	.	.	PROPN
aeasj-327	30	1	5	5	NUM
aeasj-327	30	2	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	30	3	no	no	INTJ
aeasj-327	30	4	.	.	NOUN
aeasj-327	30	5	2	2	NUM
aeasj-327	30	6	;	;	PUNCT
aeasj-327	30	7	2019	2019	NUM
aeasj-327	30	8	9	9	NUM
aeasj-327	30	9	trade	trade	NOUN
aeasj-327	30	10	is	be	AUX
aeasj-327	30	11	mostly	mostly	ADV
aeasj-327	30	12	seen	see	VERB
aeasj-327	30	13	to	to	PART
aeasj-327	30	14	flourish	flourish	VERB
aeasj-327	30	15	between	between	ADP
aeasj-327	30	16	arab	arab	PROPN
aeasj-327	30	17	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	30	18	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	30	19	berbers	berbers	PROPN
aeasj-327	30	20	traders	trader	NOUN
aeasj-327	30	21	.	.	PUNCT
aeasj-327	31	1	taghaza	taghaza	NOUN
aeasj-327	31	2	was	be	AUX
aeasj-327	31	3	famous	famous	ADJ
aeasj-327	31	4	for	for	ADP
aeasj-327	31	5	salt	salt	NOUN
aeasj-327	31	6	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	31	7	had	have	AUX
aeasj-327	31	8	been	be	AUX
aeasj-327	31	9	under	under	ADP
aeasj-327	31	10	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	31	11	control	control	NOUN
aeasj-327	31	12	of	of	ADP
aeasj-327	31	13	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	31	14	sahara	sahara	ADJ
aeasj-327	31	15	nomads	nomad	NOUN
aeasj-327	31	16	before	before	SCONJ
aeasj-327	31	17	it	it	PRON
aeasj-327	31	18	came	come	VERB
aeasj-327	31	19	under	under	ADP
aeasj-327	31	20	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	31	21	influence	influence	NOUN
aeasj-327	31	22	of	of	ADP
aeasj-327	31	23	mali	mali	PROPN
aeasj-327	32	1	[	[	X
aeasj-327	32	2	pekka	pekka	PROPN
aeasj-327	32	3	masonen	masonen	NOUN
aeasj-327	32	4	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	32	5	1995	1995	NUM
aeasj-327	32	6	]	]	PUNCT
aeasj-327	32	7	.	.	PUNCT
aeasj-327	33	1	2	2	X
aeasj-327	33	2	.	.	X
aeasj-327	33	3	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	33	4	trans	trans	PROPN
aeasj-327	33	5	-	-	PROPN
aeasj-327	33	6	sahara	sahara	ADJ
aeasj-327	33	7	trade	trade	NOUN
aeasj-327	33	8	herodotus	herodotus	NOUN
aeasj-327	33	9	[	[	X
aeasj-327	33	10	489	489	NUM
aeasj-327	33	11	-	-	SYM
aeasj-327	33	12	425	425	NUM
aeasj-327	33	13	bce	bce	NOUN
aeasj-327	33	14	]	]	X
aeasj-327	33	15	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	33	16	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	33	17	famous	famous	ADJ
aeasj-327	33	18	historian	historian	NOUN
aeasj-327	33	19	had	have	AUX
aeasj-327	33	20	narrated	narrate	VERB
aeasj-327	33	21	in	in	ADP
aeasj-327	33	22	some	some	PRON
aeasj-327	33	23	of	of	ADP
aeasj-327	33	24	his	his	PRON
aeasj-327	33	25	writings	writing	NOUN
aeasj-327	33	26	about	about	ADP
aeasj-327	33	27	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	33	28	people	people	NOUN
aeasj-327	33	29	of	of	ADP
aeasj-327	33	30	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	33	31	nile	nile	PROPN
aeasj-327	33	32	valley	valley	PROPN
aeasj-327	33	33	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	33	34	their	their	PRON
aeasj-327	33	35	links	link	NOUN
aeasj-327	33	36	their	their	PRON
aeasj-327	33	37	relation	relation	NOUN
aeasj-327	33	38	with	with	ADP
aeasj-327	33	39	other	other	ADJ
aeasj-327	33	40	peoples	people	NOUN
aeasj-327	33	41	further	far	ADV
aeasj-327	33	42	to	to	ADP
aeasj-327	33	43	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	33	44	west	west	NOUN
aeasj-327	33	45	.	.	PUNCT
aeasj-327	34	1	according	accord	VERB
aeasj-327	34	2	herodotus	herodotus	X
aeasj-327	34	3	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	34	4	link	link	NOUN
aeasj-327	34	5	between	between	ADP
aeasj-327	34	6	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	34	7	people	people	NOUN
aeasj-327	34	8	of	of	ADP
aeasj-327	34	9	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	34	10	nile	nile	PROPN
aeasj-327	34	11	with	with	ADP
aeasj-327	34	12	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	34	13	mediterranean	mediterranean	PROPN
aeasj-327	34	14	world	world	NOUN
aeasj-327	34	15	existed	exist	VERB
aeasj-327	34	16	centuries	century	NOUN
aeasj-327	34	17	before	before	ADP
aeasj-327	34	18	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	34	19	founding	founding	NOUN
aeasj-327	34	20	of	of	ADP
aeasj-327	34	21	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	34	22	roman	roman	ADJ
aeasj-327	34	23	empire	empire	NOUN
aeasj-327	35	1	[	[	X
aeasj-327	35	2	c.	c.	PROPN
aeasj-327	35	3	hassoum	hassoum	PROPN
aeasj-327	35	4	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	35	5	t.	t.	PROPN
aeasj-327	35	6	green	green	PROPN
aeasj-327	35	7	]	]	PUNCT
aeasj-327	35	8	.	.	PUNCT
aeasj-327	36	1	other	other	ADJ
aeasj-327	36	2	sources	source	NOUN
aeasj-327	36	3	also	also	ADV
aeasj-327	36	4	confirm	confirm	VERB
aeasj-327	36	5	that	that	SCONJ
aeasj-327	36	6	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	36	7	links	link	NOUN
aeasj-327	36	8	between	between	ADP
aeasj-327	36	9	west	west	PROPN
aeasj-327	36	10	africa	africa	PROPN
aeasj-327	36	11	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	36	12	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	36	13	mediterranean	mediterranean	PROPN
aeasj-327	36	14	world	world	NOUN
aeasj-327	36	15	has	have	AUX
aeasj-327	36	16	been	be	AUX
aeasj-327	36	17	a	a	DET
aeasj-327	36	18	very	very	ADV
aeasj-327	36	19	old	old	ADJ
aeasj-327	36	20	one	one	NOUN
aeasj-327	36	21	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	36	22	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	36	23	are	be	AUX
aeasj-327	36	24	believed	believe	VERB
aeasj-327	36	25	to	to	PART
aeasj-327	36	26	have	have	AUX
aeasj-327	36	27	existed	exist	VERB
aeasj-327	36	28	even	even	ADV
aeasj-327	36	29	before	before	ADP
aeasj-327	36	30	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	36	31	advent	advent	NOUN
aeasj-327	36	32	of	of	ADP
aeasj-327	36	33	islam	islam	PROPN
aeasj-327	36	34	in	in	ADP
aeasj-327	36	35	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	36	36	region	region	NOUN
aeasj-327	36	37	which	which	PRON
aeasj-327	36	38	was	be	AUX
aeasj-327	36	39	around	around	ADV
aeasj-327	36	40	6	6	NUM
aeasj-327	36	41	th	th	NUM
aeasj-327	36	42	century	century	NOUN
aeasj-327	36	43	ce	ce	PROPN
aeasj-327	36	44	.	.	PUNCT
aeasj-327	37	1	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	37	2	use	use	NOUN
aeasj-327	37	3	of	of	ADP
aeasj-327	37	4	camels	camel	NOUN
aeasj-327	37	5	by	by	ADP
aeasj-327	37	6	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	37	7	tuareg	tuareg	PROPN
aeasj-327	37	8	as	as	ADP
aeasj-327	37	9	means	mean	NOUN
aeasj-327	37	10	of	of	ADP
aeasj-327	37	11	transportation	transportation	NOUN
aeasj-327	37	12	around	around	ADP
aeasj-327	37	13	300	300	NUM
aeasj-327	37	14	bc	bc	PROPN
aeasj-327	37	15	was	be	AUX
aeasj-327	37	16	seen	see	VERB
aeasj-327	37	17	to	to	PART
aeasj-327	37	18	have	have	AUX
aeasj-327	37	19	aided	aid	VERB
aeasj-327	37	20	trade	trade	NOUN
aeasj-327	37	21	in	in	ADP
aeasj-327	37	22	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	37	23	region	region	NOUN
aeasj-327	37	24	.	.	PUNCT
aeasj-327	38	1	movement	movement	PROPN
aeasj-327	38	2	had	have	AUX
aeasj-327	38	3	been	be	AUX
aeasj-327	38	4	difficult	difficult	ADJ
aeasj-327	38	5	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	38	6	dangerous	dangerous	ADJ
aeasj-327	38	7	;	;	PUNCT
aeasj-327	38	8	however	however	ADV
aeasj-327	38	9	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	38	10	use	use	NOUN
aeasj-327	38	11	of	of	ADP
aeasj-327	38	12	camels	camel	NOUN
aeasj-327	38	13	not	not	PART
aeasj-327	38	14	only	only	ADV
aeasj-327	38	15	made	make	VERB
aeasj-327	38	16	movement	movement	NOUN
aeasj-327	38	17	easy	easy	ADJ
aeasj-327	38	18	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	38	19	but	but	CCONJ
aeasj-327	38	20	led	lead	VERB
aeasj-327	38	21	to	to	PART
aeasj-327	38	22	trade	trade	VERB
aeasj-327	38	23	on	on	ADP
aeasj-327	38	24	large	large	ADJ
aeasj-327	38	25	scale	scale	NOUN
aeasj-327	38	26	basis	basis	NOUN
aeasj-327	38	27	www.ppps.org/cms	www.ppps.org/cms	NOUN
aeasj-327	38	28	.	.	PUNCT
aeasj-327	39	1	it	it	PRON
aeasj-327	39	2	was	be	AUX
aeasj-327	39	3	seen	see	VERB
aeasj-327	39	4	to	to	PART
aeasj-327	39	5	have	have	AUX
aeasj-327	39	6	established	establish	VERB
aeasj-327	39	7	a	a	DET
aeasj-327	39	8	link	link	NOUN
aeasj-327	39	9	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	39	10	fostered	foster	VERB
aeasj-327	39	11	trans	trans	ADJ
aeasj-327	39	12	-	-	ADJ
aeasj-327	39	13	regional	regional	ADJ
aeasj-327	39	14	trade	trade	NOUN
aeasj-327	39	15	with	with	ADP
aeasj-327	39	16	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	39	17	lake	lake	PROPN
aeasj-327	39	18	chad	chad	PROPN
aeasj-327	39	19	basin	basin	PROPN
aeasj-327	39	20	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	39	21	senegal	senegal	PROPN
aeasj-327	39	22	river	river	PROPN
aeasj-327	39	23	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	39	24	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	39	25	niger	niger	NOUN
aeasj-327	39	26	bend	bend	VERB
aeasj-327	39	27	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	39	28	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	39	29	mediterranean	mediterranean	PROPN
aeasj-327	39	30	region	region	NOUN
aeasj-327	39	31	with	with	ADP
aeasj-327	39	32	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	39	33	desert	desert	NOUN
aeasj-327	39	34	.	.	PUNCT
aeasj-327	40	1	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	40	2	new	new	ADJ
aeasj-327	40	3	trade	trade	NOUN
aeasj-327	40	4	came	come	VERB
aeasj-327	40	5	to	to	PART
aeasj-327	40	6	attract	attract	VERB
aeasj-327	40	7	arabs	arab	NOUN
aeasj-327	40	8	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	40	9	berbers	berber	NOUN
aeasj-327	40	10	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	40	11	persian	persian	ADJ
aeasj-327	40	12	merchants	merchant	NOUN
aeasj-327	40	13	.	.	PUNCT
aeasj-327	41	1	some	some	PRON
aeasj-327	41	2	of	of	ADP
aeasj-327	41	3	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	41	4	trade	trade	NOUN
aeasj-327	41	5	networks	network	NOUN
aeasj-327	41	6	that	that	PRON
aeasj-327	41	7	came	come	VERB
aeasj-327	41	8	to	to	PART
aeasj-327	41	9	be	be	AUX
aeasj-327	41	10	identified	identify	VERB
aeasj-327	41	11	very	very	ADV
aeasj-327	41	12	early	early	ADV
aeasj-327	41	13	in	in	ADP
aeasj-327	41	14	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	41	15	region	region	NOUN
aeasj-327	41	16	include	include	VERB
aeasj-327	41	17	jewish	jewish	ADJ
aeasj-327	41	18	berber	berber	NOUN
aeasj-327	41	19	merchants	merchant	NOUN
aeasj-327	41	20	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	41	21	unorthodox	unorthodox	ADJ
aeasj-327	41	22	muslims	muslim	NOUN
aeasj-327	41	23	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	41	24	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	41	25	after	after	ADP
aeasj-327	41	26	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	41	27	conquest	conquest	NOUN
aeasj-327	41	28	of	of	ADP
aeasj-327	41	29	north	north	PROPN
aeasj-327	41	30	africa	africa	PROPN
aeasj-327	41	31	by	by	ADP
aeasj-327	41	32	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	41	33	muslims	muslims	PROPN
aeasj-327	41	34	in	in	ADP
aeasj-327	41	35	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	41	36	7th	7th	ADJ
aeasj-327	41	37	century	century	NOUN
aeasj-327	41	38	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	41	39	sunni	sunni	PROPN
aeasj-327	41	40	muslims	muslims	PROPN
aeasj-327	41	41	dominated	dominate	VERB
aeasj-327	41	42	what	what	PRON
aeasj-327	41	43	came	come	VERB
aeasj-327	41	44	to	to	PART
aeasj-327	41	45	be	be	AUX
aeasj-327	41	46	known	know	VERB
aeasj-327	41	47	as	as	ADP
aeasj-327	41	48	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	41	49	‘	'	PUNCT
aeasj-327	41	50	trans	trans	ADJ
aeasj-327	41	51	-	-	ADJ
aeasj-327	41	52	saharan	saharan	ADJ
aeasj-327	41	53	trade	trade	NOUN
aeasj-327	41	54	’	'	PUNCT
aeasj-327	41	55	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	41	56	which	which	PRON
aeasj-327	41	57	linked	link	VERB
aeasj-327	41	58	africa	africa	PROPN
aeasj-327	41	59	to	to	ADP
aeasj-327	41	60	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	41	61	mediterranean	mediterranean	ADJ
aeasj-327	41	62	world	world	NOUN
aeasj-327	41	63	.	.	PUNCT
aeasj-327	42	1	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	42	2	trans	trans	PROPN
aeasj-327	42	3	-	-	PROPN
aeasj-327	42	4	sahara	sahara	PROPN
aeasj-327	42	5	trade	trade	PROPN
aeasj-327	42	6	route	route	NOUN
aeasj-327	42	7	is	be	AUX
aeasj-327	42	8	among	among	ADP
aeasj-327	42	9	8	8	NUM
aeasj-327	42	10	famous	famous	ADJ
aeasj-327	42	11	trade	trade	NOUN
aeasj-327	42	12	routes	route	NOUN
aeasj-327	42	13	that	that	PRON
aeasj-327	42	14	have	have	AUX
aeasj-327	42	15	shaped	shape	VERB
aeasj-327	42	16	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	42	17	history	history	NOUN
aeasj-327	42	18	of	of	ADP
aeasj-327	42	19	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	42	20	world	world	NOUN
aeasj-327	42	21	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	42	22	they	they	PRON
aeasj-327	42	23	include	include	VERB
aeasj-327	42	24	;	;	PUNCT
aeasj-327	42	25	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	42	26	silk	silk	NOUN
aeasj-327	42	27	road	road	NOUN
aeasj-327	42	28	[	[	X
aeasj-327	42	29	most	most	ADV
aeasj-327	42	30	important	important	ADJ
aeasj-327	42	31	]	]	X
aeasj-327	42	32	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	42	33	linking	link	VERB
aeasj-327	42	34	china	china	PROPN
aeasj-327	42	35	with	with	ADP
aeasj-327	42	36	rome	rome	PROPN
aeasj-327	42	37	in	in	ADP
aeasj-327	42	38	first	first	ADJ
aeasj-327	42	39	century	century	NOUN
aeasj-327	42	40	bce	bce	NOUN
aeasj-327	42	41	for	for	ADP
aeasj-327	42	42	exchange	exchange	NOUN
aeasj-327	42	43	in	in	ADP
aeasj-327	42	44	wool	wool	NOUN
aeasj-327	42	45	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	42	46	silver	silver	NOUN
aeasj-327	42	47	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	42	48	gold	gold	NOUN
aeasj-327	42	49	coming	come	VERB
aeasj-327	42	50	from	from	ADP
aeasj-327	42	51	europe	europe	PROPN
aeasj-327	42	52	.	.	PUNCT
aeasj-327	43	1	spice	spice	PROPN
aeasj-327	43	2	route	route	PROPN
aeasj-327	43	3	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	43	4	maritime	maritime	ADJ
aeasj-327	43	5	routes	route	NOUN
aeasj-327	43	6	that	that	PRON
aeasj-327	43	7	linked	link	VERB
aeasj-327	43	8	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	43	9	east	east	NOUN
aeasj-327	43	10	to	to	ADP
aeasj-327	43	11	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	43	12	west	west	NOUN
aeasj-327	43	13	for	for	ADP
aeasj-327	43	14	exchanges	exchange	NOUN
aeasj-327	43	15	in	in	ADP
aeasj-327	43	16	pepper	pepper	NOUN
aeasj-327	43	17	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	43	18	cloves	clove	NOUN
aeasj-327	43	19	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	43	20	cinnamon	cinnamon	NOUN
aeasj-327	43	21	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	43	22	nutmeg	nutmeg	NOUN
aeasj-327	43	23	that	that	PRON
aeasj-327	43	24	were	be	AUX
aeasj-327	43	25	in	in	ADP
aeasj-327	43	26	high	high	ADJ
aeasj-327	43	27	demand	demand	NOUN
aeasj-327	43	28	in	in	ADP
aeasj-327	43	29	europe	europe	PROPN
aeasj-327	43	30	.	.	PUNCT
aeasj-327	44	1	incense	incense	NOUN
aeasj-327	44	2	route	route	NOUN
aeasj-327	44	3	is	be	AUX
aeasj-327	44	4	another	another	PRON
aeasj-327	44	5	of	of	ADP
aeasj-327	44	6	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	44	7	eight	eight	NUM
aeasj-327	44	8	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	44	9	is	be	AUX
aeasj-327	44	10	located	locate	VERB
aeasj-327	44	11	in	in	ADP
aeasj-327	44	12	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	44	13	southern	southern	ADJ
aeasj-327	44	14	end	end	NOUN
aeasj-327	44	15	of	of	ADP
aeasj-327	44	16	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	44	17	arabian	arabian	ADJ
aeasj-327	44	18	peninsula	peninsula	NOUN
aeasj-327	44	19	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	44	20	frankincense	frankincense	NOUN
aeasj-327	44	21	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	44	22	myrrh	myrrh	NOUN
aeasj-327	44	23	were	be	AUX
aeasj-327	44	24	exported	export	VERB
aeasj-327	44	25	to	to	ADP
aeasj-327	44	26	rome	rome	PROPN
aeasj-327	44	27	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	44	28	greece	greece	PROPN
aeasj-327	44	29	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	44	30	used	use	VERB
aeasj-327	44	31	to	to	PART
aeasj-327	44	32	make	make	VERB
aeasj-327	44	33	perfumes	perfume	NOUN
aeasj-327	44	34	.	.	PUNCT
aeasj-327	45	1	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	45	2	amber	amber	PROPN
aeasj-327	45	3	road	road	NOUN
aeasj-327	45	4	links	link	VERB
aeasj-327	45	5	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	45	6	baltic	baltic	ADJ
aeasj-327	45	7	region	region	NOUN
aeasj-327	45	8	with	with	ADP
aeasj-327	45	9	europe	europe	PROPN
aeasj-327	45	10	where	where	SCONJ
aeasj-327	45	11	stones	stone	NOUN
aeasj-327	45	12	are	be	AUX
aeasj-327	45	13	used	use	VERB
aeasj-327	45	14	for	for	ADP
aeasj-327	45	15	decoration	decoration	NOUN
aeasj-327	45	16	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	45	17	for	for	ADP
aeasj-327	45	18	medicines	medicine	NOUN
aeasj-327	45	19	;	;	PUNCT
aeasj-327	45	20	deposits	deposit	NOUN
aeasj-327	45	21	of	of	ADP
aeasj-327	45	22	amber	amber	PROPN
aeasj-327	45	23	are	be	AUX
aeasj-327	45	24	found	find	VERB
aeasj-327	45	25	in	in	ADP
aeasj-327	45	26	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	45	27	baltic	baltic	PROPN
aeasj-327	45	28	sea	sea	NOUN
aeasj-327	45	29	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	45	30	is	be	AUX
aeasj-327	45	31	therefore	therefore	ADV
aeasj-327	45	32	exported	export	VERB
aeasj-327	45	33	to	to	ADP
aeasj-327	45	34	europe	europe	PROPN
aeasj-327	45	35	.	.	PUNCT
aeasj-327	46	1	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	46	2	tea	tea	NOUN
aeasj-327	46	3	route	route	NOUN
aeasj-327	46	4	is	be	AUX
aeasj-327	46	5	a	a	DET
aeasj-327	46	6	tea	tea	NOUN
aeasj-327	46	7	producing	produce	VERB
aeasj-327	46	8	area	area	NOUN
aeasj-327	46	9	that	that	PRON
aeasj-327	46	10	link	link	VERB
aeasj-327	46	11	china	china	PROPN
aeasj-327	46	12	to	to	ADP
aeasj-327	46	13	india	india	PROPN
aeasj-327	46	14	through	through	ADP
aeasj-327	46	15	tibet	tibet	PROPN
aeasj-327	46	16	.	.	PUNCT
aeasj-327	47	1	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	47	2	salt	salt	NOUN
aeasj-327	47	3	route	route	NOUN
aeasj-327	47	4	ran	run	VERB
aeasj-327	47	5	from	from	ADP
aeasj-327	47	6	ostia	ostia	PROPN
aeasj-327	47	7	across	across	ADP
aeasj-327	47	8	italy	italy	PROPN
aeasj-327	47	9	to	to	ADP
aeasj-327	47	10	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	47	11	adriatic	adriatic	PROPN
aeasj-327	47	12	coast	coast	NOUN
aeasj-327	47	13	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	47	14	salt	salt	NOUN
aeasj-327	47	15	was	be	AUX
aeasj-327	47	16	a	a	DET
aeasj-327	47	17	precious	precious	ADJ
aeasj-327	47	18	commodity	commodity	NOUN
aeasj-327	47	19	at	at	ADP
aeasj-327	47	20	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	47	21	time	time	NOUN
aeasj-327	47	22	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	47	23	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	47	24	then	then	ADV
aeasj-327	47	25	comes	come	VERB
aeasj-327	47	26	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	47	27	trans	trans	PROPN
aeasj-327	47	28	-	-	ADJ
aeasj-327	47	29	saharan	saharan	ADJ
aeasj-327	47	30	trade	trade	NOUN
aeasj-327	47	31	route	route	NOUN
aeasj-327	47	32	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	47	33	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	47	34	is	be	AUX
aeasj-327	47	35	followed	follow	VERB
aeasj-327	47	36	by	by	ADP
aeasj-327	47	37	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	47	38	tin	tin	NOUN
aeasj-327	47	39	route	route	NOUN
aeasj-327	47	40	in	in	ADP
aeasj-327	47	41	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	47	42	list	list	NOUN
aeasj-327	47	43	of	of	ADP
aeasj-327	47	44	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	47	45	eight	eight	NUM
aeasj-327	47	46	trade	trade	NOUN
aeasj-327	47	47	routes	route	NOUN
aeasj-327	47	48	.	.	PUNCT
aeasj-327	48	1	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	48	2	tin	tin	NOUN
aeasj-327	48	3	was	be	AUX
aeasj-327	48	4	a	a	DET
aeasj-327	48	5	bronze	bronze	NOUN
aeasj-327	48	6	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	48	7	iron	iron	NOUN
aeasj-327	48	8	age	age	NOUN
aeasj-327	48	9	route	route	NOUN
aeasj-327	48	10	that	that	PRON
aeasj-327	48	11	was	be	AUX
aeasj-327	48	12	a	a	DET
aeasj-327	48	13	source	source	NOUN
aeasj-327	48	14	of	of	ADP
aeasj-327	48	15	ingredients	ingredient	NOUN
aeasj-327	48	16	used	use	VERB
aeasj-327	48	17	to	to	PART
aeasj-327	48	18	make	make	VERB
aeasj-327	48	19	metals	metal	NOUN
aeasj-327	48	20	[	[	X
aeasj-327	48	21	claire	claire	NOUN
aeasj-327	48	22	cock	cock	NOUN
aeasj-327	48	23	-	-	PUNCT
aeasj-327	48	24	starkey	starkey	NOUN
aeasj-327	48	25	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	48	26	2016	2016	NUM
aeasj-327	48	27	]	]	PUNCT
aeasj-327	48	28	.	.	PUNCT
aeasj-327	49	1	see	see	VERB
aeasj-327	49	2	map	map	NOUN
aeasj-327	49	3	of	of	ADP
aeasj-327	49	4	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	49	5	web	web	NOUN
aeasj-327	49	6	of	of	ADP
aeasj-327	49	7	connections	connection	NOUN
aeasj-327	49	8	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	49	9	routes	route	NOUN
aeasj-327	49	10	in	in	ADP
aeasj-327	49	11	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	49	12	trans	trans	ADJ
aeasj-327	49	13	-	-	ADJ
aeasj-327	49	14	saharan	saharan	ADJ
aeasj-327	49	15	trade	trade	NOUN
aeasj-327	49	16	.	.	PUNCT
aeasj-327	50	1	source	source	NOUN
aeasj-327	50	2	:	:	PUNCT
aeasj-327	50	3	wikipedia	wikipedia	PROPN
aeasj-327	50	4	.	.	PUNCT
aeasj-327	51	1	it	it	PRON
aeasj-327	51	2	is	be	AUX
aeasj-327	51	3	interesting	interesting	ADJ
aeasj-327	51	4	to	to	PART
aeasj-327	51	5	note	note	VERB
aeasj-327	51	6	that	that	SCONJ
aeasj-327	51	7	islam	islam	PROPN
aeasj-327	51	8	was	be	AUX
aeasj-327	51	9	spread	spread	VERB
aeasj-327	51	10	across	across	ADP
aeasj-327	51	11	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	51	12	sahel	sahel	PROPN
aeasj-327	51	13	region	region	NOUN
aeasj-327	51	14	as	as	ADP
aeasj-327	51	15	a	a	DET
aeasj-327	51	16	result	result	NOUN
aeasj-327	51	17	of	of	ADP
aeasj-327	51	18	commerce	commerce	NOUN
aeasj-327	51	19	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	51	20	not	not	PART
aeasj-327	51	21	sword	sword	NOUN
aeasj-327	51	22	as	as	ADP
aeasj-327	51	23	in	in	ADP
aeasj-327	51	24	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	51	25	case	case	NOUN
aeasj-327	51	26	of	of	ADP
aeasj-327	51	27	north	north	PROPN
aeasj-327	51	28	africa	africa	PROPN
aeasj-327	51	29	.	.	PUNCT
aeasj-327	52	1	trade	trade	NOUN
aeasj-327	52	2	brought	bring	VERB
aeasj-327	52	3	all	all	DET
aeasj-327	52	4	kinds	kind	NOUN
aeasj-327	52	5	of	of	ADP
aeasj-327	52	6	people	people	NOUN
aeasj-327	52	7	to	to	ADP
aeasj-327	52	8	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	52	9	region	region	NOUN
aeasj-327	52	10	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	52	11	not	not	PART
aeasj-327	52	12	only	only	ADJ
aeasj-327	52	13	merchants	merchant	NOUN
aeasj-327	52	14	.	.	PUNCT
aeasj-327	53	1	there	there	PRON
aeasj-327	53	2	were	be	VERB
aeasj-327	53	3	pilgrims	pilgrim	NOUN
aeasj-327	53	4	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	53	5	adventurers	adventurer	NOUN
aeasj-327	53	6	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	53	7	scholars	scholar	NOUN
aeasj-327	53	8	like	like	ADP
aeasj-327	53	9	ibn	ibn	PROPN
aeasj-327	53	10	batuta	batuta	PROPN
aeasj-327	53	11	who	who	PRON
aeasj-327	53	12	visited	visit	VERB
aeasj-327	53	13	mali	mali	VERB
aeasj-327	53	14	in	in	ADP
aeasj-327	53	15	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	53	16	14th	14th	ADJ
aeasj-327	53	17	century	century	NOUN
aeasj-327	53	18	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	53	19	referred	refer	VERB
aeasj-327	53	20	to	to	ADP
aeasj-327	53	21	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	53	22	area	area	NOUN
aeasj-327	53	23	as	as	ADP
aeasj-327	53	24	‘	'	PUNCT
aeasj-327	53	25	bilad	bilad	PROPN
aeasj-327	53	26	al	al	PROPN
aeasj-327	53	27	sudan	sudan	PROPN
aeasj-327	53	28	’	'	PUNCT
aeasj-327	53	29	or	or	CCONJ
aeasj-327	53	30	‘	'	PUNCT
aeasj-327	53	31	land	land	NOUN
aeasj-327	53	32	of	of	ADP
aeasj-327	53	33	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	53	34	blacks	black	NOUN
aeasj-327	53	35	’	'	PUNCT
aeasj-327	53	36	www.orias.berkeley.edu	www.orias.berkeley.edu	NOUN
aeasj-327	53	37	.	.	PUNCT
aeasj-327	54	1	it	it	PRON
aeasj-327	54	2	was	be	AUX
aeasj-327	54	3	against	against	ADP
aeasj-327	54	4	such	such	ADJ
aeasj-327	54	5	background	background	NOUN
aeasj-327	54	6	that	that	SCONJ
aeasj-327	54	7	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	54	8	kingdoms	kingdom	NOUN
aeasj-327	54	9	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	54	10	empires	empire	NOUN
aeasj-327	54	11	of	of	ADP
aeasj-327	54	12	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	54	13	sahel	sahel	PROPN
aeasj-327	54	14	region	region	PROPN
aeasj-327	54	15	emerged	emerge	VERB
aeasj-327	54	16	.	.	PUNCT
aeasj-327	55	1	trade	trade	NOUN
aeasj-327	55	2	in	in	ADP
aeasj-327	55	3	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	55	4	region	region	NOUN
aeasj-327	55	5	with	with	ADP
aeasj-327	55	6	hausa	hausa	NOUN
aeasj-327	55	7	speaking	speak	VERB
aeasj-327	55	8	urban	urban	ADJ
aeasj-327	55	9	centers	center	NOUN
aeasj-327	55	10	like	like	ADP
aeasj-327	55	11	kano	kano	PROPN
aeasj-327	55	12	developed	develop	VERB
aeasj-327	55	13	due	due	ADP
aeasj-327	55	14	to	to	ADP
aeasj-327	55	15	old	old	ADJ
aeasj-327	55	16	linkages	linkage	NOUN
aeasj-327	55	17	with	with	ADP
aeasj-327	55	18	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	55	19	fulani	fulani	ADJ
aeasj-327	55	20	people	people	NOUN
aeasj-327	55	21	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	55	22	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	55	23	tuareg	tuareg	PROPN
aeasj-327	55	24	population	population	NOUN
aeasj-327	55	25	.	.	PUNCT
aeasj-327	56	1	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	56	2	hausa	hausa	NOUN
aeasj-327	56	3	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	56	4	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	56	5	kanuri	kanuri	PROPN
aeasj-327	56	6	regions	region	NOUN
aeasj-327	56	7	were	be	AUX
aeasj-327	56	8	characterized	characterize	VERB
aeasj-327	56	9	by	by	ADP
aeasj-327	56	10	an	an	DET
aeasj-327	56	11	intensive	intensive	ADJ
aeasj-327	56	12	mixed	mixed	ADJ
aeasj-327	56	13	agro	agro	ADJ
aeasj-327	56	14	-	-	PUNCT
aeasj-327	56	15	pastoral	pastoral	ADJ
aeasj-327	56	16	production	production	NOUN
aeasj-327	56	17	system	system	NOUN
aeasj-327	56	18	similar	similar	ADJ
aeasj-327	56	19	to	to	ADP
aeasj-327	56	20	that	that	PRON
aeasj-327	56	21	obtained	obtain	VERB
aeasj-327	56	22	in	in	ADP
aeasj-327	56	23	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	56	24	songhai	songhai	PROPN
aeasj-327	56	25	region	region	NOUN
aeasj-327	56	26	.	.	PUNCT
aeasj-327	57	1	it	it	PRON
aeasj-327	57	2	helped	help	VERB
aeasj-327	57	3	produce	produce	VERB
aeasj-327	57	4	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	57	5	amounted	amount	VERB
aeasj-327	57	6	to	to	ADP
aeasj-327	57	7	more	more	ADJ
aeasj-327	57	8	than	than	ADP
aeasj-327	57	9	a	a	DET
aeasj-327	57	10	reserve	reserve	NOUN
aeasj-327	57	11	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	57	12	was	be	AUX
aeasj-327	57	13	seen	see	VERB
aeasj-327	57	14	to	to	PART
aeasj-327	57	15	have	have	AUX
aeasj-327	57	16	helped	help	VERB
aeasj-327	57	17	contribute	contribute	VERB
aeasj-327	57	18	to	to	ADP
aeasj-327	57	19	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	57	20	attraction	attraction	NOUN
aeasj-327	57	21	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	57	22	resilience	resilience	NOUN
aeasj-327	57	23	of	of	ADP
aeasj-327	57	24	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	57	25	urban	urban	ADJ
aeasj-327	57	26	market	market	NOUN
aeasj-327	57	27	centers	center	NOUN
aeasj-327	57	28	at	at	ADP
aeasj-327	57	29	kano	kano	PROPN
aeasj-327	57	30	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	57	31	katsina	katsina	PROPN
aeasj-327	57	32	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	57	33	zindar	zindar	NOUN
aeasj-327	57	34	.	.	PUNCT
aeasj-327	58	1	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	58	2	milk	milk	NOUN
aeasj-327	58	3	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	58	4	leather	leather	NOUN
aeasj-327	58	5	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	58	6	islamic	islamic	ADJ
aeasj-327	58	7	literature	literature	NOUN
aeasj-327	58	8	of	of	ADP
aeasj-327	58	9	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	58	10	tuareg	tuareg	PROPN
aeasj-327	58	11	were	be	AUX
aeasj-327	58	12	highly	highly	ADV
aeasj-327	58	13	prized	prize	VERB
aeasj-327	58	14	in	in	ADP
aeasj-327	58	15	these	these	DET
aeasj-327	58	16	urban	urban	ADJ
aeasj-327	58	17	markets	market	NOUN
aeasj-327	58	18	that	that	PRON
aeasj-327	58	19	developed	develop	VERB
aeasj-327	58	20	.	.	PUNCT
aeasj-327	59	1	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	59	2	hausa	hausa	NOUN
aeasj-327	59	3	were	be	AUX
aeasj-327	59	4	known	know	VERB
aeasj-327	59	5	to	to	PART
aeasj-327	59	6	appreciate	appreciate	VERB
aeasj-327	59	7	clothing	clothing	NOUN
aeasj-327	59	8	styles	style	NOUN
aeasj-327	59	9	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	59	10	leather	leather	NOUN
aeasj-327	59	11	works	work	NOUN
aeasj-327	59	12	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	59	13	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	59	14	jewelry	jewelry	NOUN
aeasj-327	59	15	of	of	ADP
aeasj-327	59	16	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	59	17	tuaregs	tuareg	NOUN
aeasj-327	59	18	.	.	PUNCT
aeasj-327	60	1	kano	kano	PROPN
aeasj-327	60	2	in	in	ADP
aeasj-327	60	3	those	those	DET
aeasj-327	60	4	days	day	NOUN
aeasj-327	60	5	was	be	AUX
aeasj-327	60	6	very	very	ADV
aeasj-327	60	7	famous	famous	ADJ
aeasj-327	60	8	for	for	ADP
aeasj-327	60	9	cotton	cotton	NOUN
aeasj-327	60	10	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	60	11	indigo	indigo	NOUN
aeasj-327	60	12	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	60	13	which	which	PRON
aeasj-327	60	14	was	be	AUX
aeasj-327	60	15	greatly	greatly	ADV
aeasj-327	60	16	valued	value	VERB
aeasj-327	60	17	in	in	ADP
aeasj-327	60	18	morocco	morocco	PROPN
aeasj-327	60	19	.	.	PUNCT
aeasj-327	61	1	moroccan	moroccan	ADJ
aeasj-327	61	2	leather	leather	PROPN
aeasj-327	61	3	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	61	4	usually	usually	ADV
aeasj-327	61	5	exported	export	VERB
aeasj-327	61	6	to	to	ADP
aeasj-327	61	7	spain	spain	PROPN
aeasj-327	61	8	was	be	AUX
aeasj-327	61	9	sourced	source	VERB
aeasj-327	61	10	from	from	ADP
aeasj-327	61	11	kano	kano	PROPN
aeasj-327	61	12	;	;	PUNCT
aeasj-327	61	13	an	an	DET
aeasj-327	61	14	important	important	ADJ
aeasj-327	61	15	center	center	NOUN
aeasj-327	61	16	for	for	ADP
aeasj-327	61	17	animal	animal	NOUN
aeasj-327	61	18	hides	hide	VERB
aeasj-327	61	19	production	production	NOUN
aeasj-327	62	1	[	[	X
aeasj-327	62	2	monica	monica	PROPN
aeasj-327	62	3	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	62	4	2013	2013	NUM
aeasj-327	62	5	]	]	PUNCT
aeasj-327	62	6	.	.	PUNCT
aeasj-327	63	1	http://www.ppps.org/cms	http://www.ppps.org/cms	PROPN
aeasj-327	63	2	http://www.orias.berkeley.edu/	http://www.orias.berkeley.edu/	PROPN
aeasj-327	63	3	copyright	copyright	NOUN
aeasj-327	63	4	©	©	PROPN
aeasj-327	63	5	cc	cc	PROPN
aeasj-327	63	6	-	-	PUNCT
aeasj-327	63	7	by	by	ADP
aeasj-327	63	8	-	-	PUNCT
aeasj-327	63	9	nc	nc	PROPN
aeasj-327	63	10	2019	2019	NUM
aeasj-327	63	11	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	63	12	cribfb	cribfb	VERB
aeasj-327	63	13	|	|	ADV
aeasj-327	63	14	aesr	aesr	ADV
aeasj-327	63	15	www.cribfb.com/journal/index.php/aesr	www.cribfb.com/journal/index.php/aesr	VERB
aeasj-327	63	16	american	american	PROPN
aeasj-327	63	17	economic	economic	PROPN
aeasj-327	63	18	&	&	CCONJ
aeasj-327	63	19	social	social	PROPN
aeasj-327	63	20	review	review	PROPN
aeasj-327	63	21	vol	vol	NOUN
aeasj-327	63	22	.	.	PROPN
aeasj-327	64	1	5	5	NUM
aeasj-327	64	2	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	64	3	no	no	INTJ
aeasj-327	64	4	.	.	NOUN
aeasj-327	64	5	2	2	NUM
aeasj-327	64	6	;	;	PUNCT
aeasj-327	64	7	2019	2019	NUM
aeasj-327	64	8	10	10	NUM
aeasj-327	64	9	3	3	NUM
aeasj-327	64	10	.	.	PUNCT
aeasj-327	65	1	reviving	revive	VERB
aeasj-327	65	2	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	65	3	ancient	ancient	ADJ
aeasj-327	65	4	trade	trade	NOUN
aeasj-327	65	5	routes	route	NOUN
aeasj-327	65	6	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	65	7	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	65	8	sahel	sahel	PROPN
aeasj-327	65	9	economy	economy	NOUN
aeasj-327	65	10	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	65	11	decline	decline	NOUN
aeasj-327	65	12	of	of	ADP
aeasj-327	65	13	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	65	14	trading	trading	NOUN
aeasj-327	65	15	activities	activity	NOUN
aeasj-327	65	16	in	in	ADP
aeasj-327	65	17	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	65	18	sahel	sahel	PROPN
aeasj-327	65	19	region	region	NOUN
aeasj-327	65	20	in	in	ADP
aeasj-327	65	21	recent	recent	ADJ
aeasj-327	65	22	years	year	NOUN
aeasj-327	65	23	has	have	AUX
aeasj-327	65	24	been	be	AUX
aeasj-327	65	25	attributed	attribute	VERB
aeasj-327	65	26	to	to	ADP
aeasj-327	65	27	several	several	ADJ
aeasj-327	65	28	factors	factor	NOUN
aeasj-327	65	29	.	.	PUNCT
aeasj-327	66	1	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	66	2	mercantile	mercantile	ADJ
aeasj-327	66	3	policies	policy	NOUN
aeasj-327	66	4	of	of	ADP
aeasj-327	66	5	europe	europe	PROPN
aeasj-327	66	6	’s	’s	PART
aeasj-327	66	7	rising	rise	VERB
aeasj-327	66	8	economic	economic	ADJ
aeasj-327	66	9	powers	power	NOUN
aeasj-327	66	10	are	be	AUX
aeasj-327	66	11	among	among	ADP
aeasj-327	66	12	major	major	ADJ
aeasj-327	66	13	factors	factor	NOUN
aeasj-327	66	14	.	.	PUNCT
aeasj-327	67	1	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	67	2	trans	trans	PROPN
aeasj-327	67	3	-	-	ADJ
aeasj-327	67	4	atlantic	atlantic	ADJ
aeasj-327	67	5	slave	slave	NOUN
aeasj-327	67	6	trade	trade	NOUN
aeasj-327	67	7	led	lead	VERB
aeasj-327	67	8	to	to	ADP
aeasj-327	67	9	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	67	10	collapse	collapse	NOUN
aeasj-327	67	11	of	of	ADP
aeasj-327	67	12	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	67	13	trans	trans	ADJ
aeasj-327	67	14	-	-	ADJ
aeasj-327	67	15	saharan	saharan	ADJ
aeasj-327	67	16	trade	trade	NOUN
aeasj-327	67	17	.	.	PUNCT
aeasj-327	68	1	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	68	2	natural	natural	ADJ
aeasj-327	68	3	resources	resource	NOUN
aeasj-327	68	4	of	of	ADP
aeasj-327	68	5	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	68	6	sahel	sahel	PROPN
aeasj-327	68	7	are	be	AUX
aeasj-327	68	8	now	now	ADV
aeasj-327	68	9	extracted	extract	VERB
aeasj-327	68	10	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	68	11	shipped	ship	VERB
aeasj-327	68	12	to	to	ADP
aeasj-327	68	13	europe	europe	PROPN
aeasj-327	68	14	unlike	unlike	ADP
aeasj-327	68	15	in	in	ADP
aeasj-327	68	16	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	68	17	past	past	NOUN
aeasj-327	68	18	when	when	SCONJ
aeasj-327	68	19	it	it	PRON
aeasj-327	68	20	was	be	AUX
aeasj-327	68	21	taken	take	VERB
aeasj-327	68	22	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	68	23	sold	sell	VERB
aeasj-327	68	24	in	in	ADP
aeasj-327	68	25	kano	kano	PROPN
aeasj-327	68	26	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	68	27	timbuktu	timbuktu	PROPN
aeasj-327	68	28	or	or	CCONJ
aeasj-327	68	29	gao	gao	PROPN
aeasj-327	68	30	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	68	31	now	now	ADV
aeasj-327	68	32	these	these	DET
aeasj-327	68	33	cities	city	NOUN
aeasj-327	68	34	are	be	AUX
aeasj-327	68	35	left	leave	VERB
aeasj-327	68	36	redundant	redundant	ADJ
aeasj-327	68	37	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	68	38	economically	economically	ADV
aeasj-327	68	39	insignificant	insignificant	ADJ
aeasj-327	68	40	to	to	ADP
aeasj-327	68	41	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	68	42	regions	region	NOUN
aeasj-327	68	43	prosperity	prosperity	NOUN
aeasj-327	68	44	.	.	PUNCT
aeasj-327	69	1	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	69	2	trans	trans	PROPN
aeasj-327	69	3	-	-	PROPN
aeasj-327	69	4	sahara	sahara	ADJ
aeasj-327	69	5	trade	trade	NOUN
aeasj-327	69	6	was	be	AUX
aeasj-327	69	7	a	a	DET
aeasj-327	69	8	profitable	profitable	ADJ
aeasj-327	69	9	web	web	NOUN
aeasj-327	69	10	of	of	ADP
aeasj-327	69	11	connections	connection	NOUN
aeasj-327	69	12	that	that	PRON
aeasj-327	69	13	facilitated	facilitate	VERB
aeasj-327	69	14	movement	movement	NOUN
aeasj-327	69	15	of	of	ADP
aeasj-327	69	16	goods	good	NOUN
aeasj-327	69	17	between	between	ADP
aeasj-327	69	18	north	north	PROPN
aeasj-327	69	19	africa	africa	PROPN
aeasj-327	69	20	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	69	21	west	west	ADJ
aeasj-327	69	22	african	african	ADJ
aeasj-327	69	23	empires	empire	NOUN
aeasj-327	69	24	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	69	25	city	city	NOUN
aeasj-327	69	26	-	-	PUNCT
aeasj-327	69	27	states	state	NOUN
aeasj-327	69	28	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	69	29	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	69	30	near	near	PROPN
aeasj-327	69	31	east	east	PROPN
aeasj-327	69	32	.	.	PUNCT
aeasj-327	70	1	experts	expert	NOUN
aeasj-327	70	2	believe	believe	VERB
aeasj-327	70	3	that	that	SCONJ
aeasj-327	70	4	it	it	PRON
aeasj-327	70	5	is	be	AUX
aeasj-327	70	6	not	not	PART
aeasj-327	70	7	impossible	impossible	ADJ
aeasj-327	70	8	to	to	PART
aeasj-327	70	9	re	re	VERB
aeasj-327	70	10	-	-	VERB
aeasj-327	70	11	establish	establish	VERB
aeasj-327	70	12	these	these	DET
aeasj-327	70	13	connections	connection	NOUN
aeasj-327	70	14	.	.	PUNCT
aeasj-327	71	1	in	in	ADP
aeasj-327	71	2	fact	fact	NOUN
aeasj-327	71	3	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	71	4	re	re	NOUN
aeasj-327	71	5	-	-	NOUN
aeasj-327	71	6	establishment	establishment	NOUN
aeasj-327	71	7	or	or	CCONJ
aeasj-327	71	8	revival	revival	NOUN
aeasj-327	71	9	of	of	ADP
aeasj-327	71	10	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	71	11	trans	trans	PROPN
aeasj-327	71	12	-	-	ADJ
aeasj-327	71	13	saharan	saharan	ADJ
aeasj-327	71	14	trade	trade	NOUN
aeasj-327	71	15	is	be	AUX
aeasj-327	71	16	being	be	AUX
aeasj-327	71	17	compared	compare	VERB
aeasj-327	71	18	to	to	ADP
aeasj-327	71	19	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	71	20	present	present	ADJ
aeasj-327	71	21	attempt	attempt	NOUN
aeasj-327	71	22	by	by	ADP
aeasj-327	71	23	china	china	PROPN
aeasj-327	71	24	to	to	PART
aeasj-327	71	25	revive	revive	VERB
aeasj-327	71	26	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	71	27	old	old	ADJ
aeasj-327	71	28	silk	silk	NOUN
aeasj-327	71	29	road	road	NOUN
aeasj-327	71	30	in	in	ADP
aeasj-327	71	31	what	what	PRON
aeasj-327	71	32	came	come	VERB
aeasj-327	71	33	to	to	PART
aeasj-327	71	34	be	be	AUX
aeasj-327	71	35	known	know	VERB
aeasj-327	71	36	as	as	ADP
aeasj-327	71	37	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	71	38	’	'	PUNCT
aeasj-327	71	39	one	one	NUM
aeasj-327	71	40	belt	belt	NOUN
aeasj-327	71	41	one	one	NUM
aeasj-327	71	42	road	road	NOUN
aeasj-327	71	43	’	'	PUNCT
aeasj-327	71	44	initiative	initiative	NOUN
aeasj-327	71	45	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	71	46	which	which	PRON
aeasj-327	71	47	many	many	ADJ
aeasj-327	71	48	believe	believe	VERB
aeasj-327	71	49	will	will	AUX
aeasj-327	71	50	be	be	AUX
aeasj-327	71	51	beneficial	beneficial	ADJ
aeasj-327	71	52	to	to	ADP
aeasj-327	71	53	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	71	54	chinese	chinese	PROPN
aeasj-327	71	55	[	[	X
aeasj-327	71	56	andrew	andrew	PROPN
aeasj-327	71	57	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	71	58	2017	2017	NUM
aeasj-327	71	59	]	]	PUNCT
aeasj-327	71	60	.	.	PUNCT
aeasj-327	72	1	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	72	2	silk	silk	NOUN
aeasj-327	72	3	road	road	NOUN
aeasj-327	72	4	is	be	AUX
aeasj-327	72	5	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	72	6	ancient	ancient	ADJ
aeasj-327	72	7	network	network	NOUN
aeasj-327	72	8	of	of	ADP
aeasj-327	72	9	trade	trade	NOUN
aeasj-327	72	10	routes	route	NOUN
aeasj-327	72	11	that	that	PRON
aeasj-327	72	12	linked	link	VERB
aeasj-327	72	13	east	east	PROPN
aeasj-327	72	14	asia	asia	PROPN
aeasj-327	72	15	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	72	16	southeast	southeast	PROPN
aeasj-327	72	17	asia	asia	PROPN
aeasj-327	72	18	with	with	ADP
aeasj-327	72	19	east	east	PROPN
aeasj-327	72	20	africa	africa	PROPN
aeasj-327	72	21	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	72	22	west	west	PROPN
aeasj-327	72	23	asia	asia	PROPN
aeasj-327	72	24	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	72	25	southern	southern	PROPN
aeasj-327	72	26	europe	europe	PROPN
aeasj-327	72	27	.	.	PUNCT
aeasj-327	73	1	according	accord	VERB
aeasj-327	73	2	to	to	ADP
aeasj-327	73	3	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	73	4	african	african	PROPN
aeasj-327	73	5	development	development	PROPN
aeasj-327	73	6	bank	bank	PROPN
aeasj-327	73	7	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	73	8	about	about	ADV
aeasj-327	73	9	85	85	NUM
aeasj-327	73	10	%	%	NOUN
aeasj-327	73	11	of	of	ADP
aeasj-327	73	12	morocco	morocco	PROPN
aeasj-327	73	13	’s	’s	PART
aeasj-327	73	14	investments	investment	NOUN
aeasj-327	73	15	go	go	VERB
aeasj-327	73	16	to	to	ADP
aeasj-327	73	17	sub	sub	ADJ
aeasj-327	73	18	-	-	ADJ
aeasj-327	73	19	saharan	saharan	ADJ
aeasj-327	73	20	africa	africa	PROPN
aeasj-327	74	1	[	[	X
aeasj-327	74	2	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	74	3	economist	economist	NOUN
aeasj-327	74	4	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	74	5	19.07.18	19.07.18	PROPN
aeasj-327	74	6	]	]	PUNCT
aeasj-327	74	7	.	.	PUNCT
aeasj-327	75	1	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	75	2	this	this	PRON
aeasj-327	75	3	shows	show	VERB
aeasj-327	75	4	that	that	SCONJ
aeasj-327	75	5	there	there	PRON
aeasj-327	75	6	is	be	VERB
aeasj-327	75	7	potential	potential	ADJ
aeasj-327	75	8	for	for	ADP
aeasj-327	75	9	economic	economic	ADJ
aeasj-327	75	10	growth	growth	NOUN
aeasj-327	75	11	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	75	12	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	75	13	possibly	possibly	ADV
aeasj-327	75	14	industrialization	industrialization	NOUN
aeasj-327	75	15	.	.	PUNCT
aeasj-327	76	1	however	however	ADV
aeasj-327	76	2	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	76	3	what	what	PRON
aeasj-327	76	4	is	be	AUX
aeasj-327	76	5	required	require	VERB
aeasj-327	76	6	to	to	PART
aeasj-327	76	7	make	make	VERB
aeasj-327	76	8	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	76	9	new	new	PROPN
aeasj-327	76	10	crescent	crescent	PROPN
aeasj-327	76	11	economy	economy	NOUN
aeasj-327	76	12	a	a	DET
aeasj-327	76	13	reality	reality	NOUN
aeasj-327	76	14	is	be	AUX
aeasj-327	76	15	that	that	SCONJ
aeasj-327	76	16	governments	government	NOUN
aeasj-327	76	17	of	of	ADP
aeasj-327	76	18	sahel	sahel	PROPN
aeasj-327	76	19	states	states	PROPN
aeasj-327	76	20	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	76	21	in	in	ADP
aeasj-327	76	22	this	this	DET
aeasj-327	76	23	case	case	NOUN
aeasj-327	76	24	nigeria	nigeria	PRON
aeasj-327	76	25	must	must	AUX
aeasj-327	76	26	undertake	undertake	VERB
aeasj-327	76	27	a	a	DET
aeasj-327	76	28	study	study	NOUN
aeasj-327	76	29	that	that	PRON
aeasj-327	76	30	will	will	AUX
aeasj-327	76	31	lead	lead	VERB
aeasj-327	76	32	to	to	ADP
aeasj-327	76	33	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	76	34	establishment	establishment	NOUN
aeasj-327	76	35	of	of	ADP
aeasj-327	76	36	manufacturing	manufacturing	NOUN
aeasj-327	76	37	industries	industry	NOUN
aeasj-327	76	38	in	in	ADP
aeasj-327	76	39	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	76	40	north	north	NOUN
aeasj-327	76	41	;	;	PUNCT
aeasj-327	76	42	kano	kano	PROPN
aeasj-327	76	43	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	76	44	katsina	katsina	PROPN
aeasj-327	76	45	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	76	46	jigawa	jigawa	PROPN
aeasj-327	76	47	e.t.c	e.t.c	PROPN
aeasj-327	76	48	.	.	PUNCT
aeasj-327	77	1	textile	textile	NOUN
aeasj-327	77	2	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	77	3	leather	leather	NOUN
aeasj-327	77	4	industries	industry	NOUN
aeasj-327	77	5	could	could	AUX
aeasj-327	77	6	be	be	AUX
aeasj-327	77	7	established	establish	VERB
aeasj-327	77	8	in	in	ADP
aeasj-327	77	9	these	these	DET
aeasj-327	77	10	cities	city	NOUN
aeasj-327	77	11	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	77	12	their	their	PRON
aeasj-327	77	13	products	product	NOUN
aeasj-327	77	14	moved	move	VERB
aeasj-327	77	15	into	into	ADP
aeasj-327	77	16	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	77	17	sahel	sahel	PROPN
aeasj-327	77	18	markets	market	NOUN
aeasj-327	77	19	.	.	PUNCT
aeasj-327	78	1	president	president	PROPN
aeasj-327	78	2	buhari	buhari	PROPN
aeasj-327	78	3	as	as	ADP
aeasj-327	78	4	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	78	5	current	current	ADJ
aeasj-327	78	6	chairman	chairman	NOUN
aeasj-327	78	7	of	of	ADP
aeasj-327	78	8	ecowas	ecowas	PROPN
aeasj-327	78	9	must	must	AUX
aeasj-327	78	10	facilitate	facilitate	VERB
aeasj-327	78	11	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	78	12	construction	construction	NOUN
aeasj-327	78	13	of	of	ADP
aeasj-327	78	14	super	super	PROPN
aeasj-327	78	15	crescent	crescent	PROPN
aeasj-327	78	16	highway	highway	NOUN
aeasj-327	78	17	that	that	PRON
aeasj-327	78	18	links	link	VERB
aeasj-327	78	19	these	these	DET
aeasj-327	78	20	sahel	sahel	PROPN
aeasj-327	78	21	cities	city	NOUN
aeasj-327	78	22	to	to	ADP
aeasj-327	78	23	one	one	NUM
aeasj-327	78	24	another	another	DET
aeasj-327	78	25	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	78	26	to	to	PART
aeasj-327	78	27	facilitate	facilitate	VERB
aeasj-327	78	28	movement	movement	NOUN
aeasj-327	78	29	of	of	ADP
aeasj-327	78	30	goods	good	NOUN
aeasj-327	78	31	.	.	PUNCT
aeasj-327	79	1	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	79	2	popular	popular	ADJ
aeasj-327	79	3	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	79	4	famous	famous	ADJ
aeasj-327	79	5	cities	city	NOUN
aeasj-327	79	6	of	of	ADP
aeasj-327	79	7	timbuktu	timbuktu	PROPN
aeasj-327	79	8	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	79	9	gao	gao	PROPN
aeasj-327	79	10	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	79	11	kano	kano	PROPN
aeasj-327	79	12	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	79	13	agadez	agadez	PROPN
aeasj-327	79	14	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	79	15	taghaza	taghaza	NOUN
aeasj-327	79	16	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	79	17	daura	daura	NOUN
aeasj-327	79	18	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	79	19	djenne	djenne	NOUN
aeasj-327	79	20	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	79	21	sijilmasa	sijilmasa	PROPN
aeasj-327	79	22	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	79	23	cairo	cairo	PROPN
aeasj-327	79	24	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	79	25	borno	borno	PROPN
aeasj-327	79	26	will	will	AUX
aeasj-327	79	27	all	all	PRON
aeasj-327	79	28	be	be	AUX
aeasj-327	79	29	linked	link	VERB
aeasj-327	79	30	together	together	ADV
aeasj-327	79	31	.	.	PUNCT
aeasj-327	80	1	a	a	DET
aeasj-327	80	2	route	route	NOUN
aeasj-327	80	3	for	for	ADP
aeasj-327	80	4	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	80	5	super	super	ADJ
aeasj-327	80	6	highway	highway	NOUN
aeasj-327	80	7	can	can	AUX
aeasj-327	80	8	take	take	VERB
aeasj-327	80	9	off	off	ADP
aeasj-327	80	10	from	from	ADP
aeasj-327	80	11	kano	kano	PROPN
aeasj-327	80	12	to	to	ADP
aeasj-327	80	13	zindar	zindar	VERB
aeasj-327	80	14	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	80	15	then	then	ADV
aeasj-327	80	16	to	to	AUX
aeasj-327	80	17	agadez	agadez	PROPN
aeasj-327	80	18	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	80	19	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	80	20	will	will	AUX
aeasj-327	80	21	link	link	VERB
aeasj-327	80	22	up	up	ADP
aeasj-327	80	23	to	to	ADP
aeasj-327	80	24	gao	gao	PROPN
aeasj-327	80	25	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	80	26	then	then	ADV
aeasj-327	80	27	timbuktu	timbuktu	PROPN
aeasj-327	80	28	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	80	29	from	from	ADP
aeasj-327	80	30	timbuktu	timbuktu	PROPN
aeasj-327	80	31	it	it	PRON
aeasj-327	80	32	will	will	AUX
aeasj-327	80	33	be	be	AUX
aeasj-327	80	34	linked	link	VERB
aeasj-327	80	35	to	to	PART
aeasj-327	80	36	sijilmasa	sijilmasa	VERB
aeasj-327	80	37	in	in	ADP
aeasj-327	80	38	morocco	morocco	PROPN
aeasj-327	80	39	.	.	PUNCT
aeasj-327	81	1	other	other	ADJ
aeasj-327	81	2	cities	city	NOUN
aeasj-327	81	3	like	like	ADP
aeasj-327	81	4	djenne	djenne	NOUN
aeasj-327	81	5	will	will	AUX
aeasj-327	81	6	easily	easily	ADV
aeasj-327	81	7	link	link	VERB
aeasj-327	81	8	up	up	ADP
aeasj-327	81	9	through	through	ADP
aeasj-327	81	10	timbuktu	timbuktu	NOUN
aeasj-327	81	11	.	.	PUNCT
aeasj-327	82	1	another	another	DET
aeasj-327	82	2	suggestion	suggestion	NOUN
aeasj-327	82	3	by	by	ADP
aeasj-327	82	4	experts	expert	NOUN
aeasj-327	82	5	is	be	AUX
aeasj-327	82	6	that	that	SCONJ
aeasj-327	82	7	kano	kano	PROPN
aeasj-327	82	8	should	should	AUX
aeasj-327	82	9	take	take	VERB
aeasj-327	82	10	inspiration	inspiration	NOUN
aeasj-327	82	11	from	from	ADP
aeasj-327	82	12	timbuktu	timbuktu	NOUN
aeasj-327	82	13	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	82	14	become	become	VERB
aeasj-327	82	15	a	a	DET
aeasj-327	82	16	tourist	tourist	NOUN
aeasj-327	82	17	center	center	NOUN
aeasj-327	82	18	for	for	ADP
aeasj-327	82	19	being	be	AUX
aeasj-327	82	20	part	part	NOUN
aeasj-327	82	21	of	of	ADP
aeasj-327	82	22	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	82	23	wondrous	wondrous	ADJ
aeasj-327	82	24	sahel	sahel	PROPN
aeasj-327	82	25	world	world	NOUN
aeasj-327	82	26	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	82	27	by	by	ADP
aeasj-327	82	28	preserving	preserve	VERB
aeasj-327	82	29	its	its	PRON
aeasj-327	82	30	history	history	NOUN
aeasj-327	82	31	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	82	32	presenting	present	VERB
aeasj-327	82	33	it	it	PRON
aeasj-327	82	34	to	to	ADP
aeasj-327	82	35	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	82	36	global	global	ADJ
aeasj-327	82	37	audience	audience	NOUN
aeasj-327	82	38	as	as	ADP
aeasj-327	82	39	part	part	NOUN
aeasj-327	82	40	of	of	ADP
aeasj-327	82	41	that	that	DET
aeasj-327	82	42	cherished	cherish	VERB
aeasj-327	82	43	sahel	sahel	PROPN
aeasj-327	82	44	past	past	ADV
aeasj-327	82	45	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	82	46	thus	thus	ADV
aeasj-327	82	47	becoming	become	VERB
aeasj-327	82	48	a	a	DET
aeasj-327	82	49	center	center	NOUN
aeasj-327	82	50	for	for	ADP
aeasj-327	82	51	tourists	tourist	NOUN
aeasj-327	82	52	worldwide	worldwide	ADV
aeasj-327	82	53	.	.	PUNCT
aeasj-327	83	1	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	83	2	traditional	traditional	ADJ
aeasj-327	83	3	festival	festival	NOUN
aeasj-327	83	4	is	be	AUX
aeasj-327	83	5	among	among	ADP
aeasj-327	83	6	popular	popular	ADJ
aeasj-327	83	7	celebrations	celebration	NOUN
aeasj-327	83	8	in	in	ADP
aeasj-327	83	9	kano	kano	PROPN
aeasj-327	83	10	that	that	PRON
aeasj-327	83	11	attract	attract	VERB
aeasj-327	83	12	people	people	NOUN
aeasj-327	83	13	from	from	ADP
aeasj-327	83	14	far	far	ADV
aeasj-327	83	15	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	83	16	wide	wide	ADV
aeasj-327	83	17	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	83	18	including	include	VERB
aeasj-327	83	19	europeans	european	NOUN
aeasj-327	83	20	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	83	21	if	if	SCONJ
aeasj-327	83	22	well	well	ADV
aeasj-327	83	23	-	-	PUNCT
aeasj-327	83	24	organized	organize	VERB
aeasj-327	83	25	could	could	AUX
aeasj-327	83	26	attract	attract	VERB
aeasj-327	83	27	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	83	28	attention	attention	NOUN
aeasj-327	83	29	of	of	ADP
aeasj-327	83	30	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	83	31	world	world	NOUN
aeasj-327	83	32	.	.	PUNCT
aeasj-327	84	1	perhaps	perhaps	ADV
aeasj-327	84	2	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	84	3	creation	creation	NOUN
aeasj-327	84	4	of	of	ADP
aeasj-327	84	5	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	84	6	new	new	ADJ
aeasj-327	84	7	emirates	emirate	NOUN
aeasj-327	84	8	by	by	ADP
aeasj-327	84	9	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	84	10	kano	kano	PROPN
aeasj-327	84	11	state	state	PROPN
aeasj-327	84	12	government	government	NOUN
aeasj-327	84	13	is	be	AUX
aeasj-327	84	14	justified	justify	VERB
aeasj-327	84	15	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	84	16	it	it	PRON
aeasj-327	84	17	may	may	AUX
aeasj-327	84	18	probably	probably	ADV
aeasj-327	84	19	create	create	VERB
aeasj-327	84	20	a	a	DET
aeasj-327	84	21	new	new	ADJ
aeasj-327	84	22	modernized	modernized	ADJ
aeasj-327	84	23	traditional	traditional	ADJ
aeasj-327	84	24	state	state	NOUN
aeasj-327	84	25	that	that	PRON
aeasj-327	84	26	will	will	AUX
aeasj-327	84	27	appeal	appeal	VERB
aeasj-327	84	28	to	to	ADP
aeasj-327	84	29	a	a	DET
aeasj-327	84	30	global	global	ADJ
aeasj-327	84	31	audience	audience	NOUN
aeasj-327	84	32	.	.	PUNCT
aeasj-327	85	1	another	another	DET
aeasj-327	85	2	attraction	attraction	NOUN
aeasj-327	85	3	is	be	AUX
aeasj-327	85	4	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	85	5	dawakin	dawakin	ADJ
aeasj-327	85	6	tofa	tofa	NOUN
aeasj-327	85	7	pottery	pottery	NOUN
aeasj-327	85	8	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	85	9	kurmi	kurmi	NOUN
aeasj-327	85	10	market	market	NOUN
aeasj-327	85	11	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	85	12	kofar	kofar	PROPN
aeasj-327	85	13	mata	mata	PROPN
aeasj-327	85	14	dyeing	dyeing	NOUN
aeasj-327	85	15	pit	pit	NOUN
aeasj-327	85	16	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	85	17	minjibir	minjibir	NOUN
aeasj-327	85	18	weaving	weaving	NOUN
aeasj-327	85	19	place	place	NOUN
aeasj-327	85	20	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	85	21	some	some	PRON
aeasj-327	85	22	of	of	ADP
aeasj-327	85	23	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	85	24	remnants	remnant	NOUN
aeasj-327	85	25	of	of	ADP
aeasj-327	85	26	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	85	27	city	city	NOUN
aeasj-327	85	28	walls	wall	NOUN
aeasj-327	86	1	[	[	X
aeasj-327	86	2	augustina	augustina	PROPN
aeasj-327	86	3	2018	2018	NUM
aeasj-327	86	4	]	]	PUNCT
aeasj-327	86	5	.	.	PUNCT
aeasj-327	87	1	4	4	X
aeasj-327	87	2	.	.	X
aeasj-327	87	3	conclusion	conclusion	NOUN
aeasj-327	87	4	as	as	SCONJ
aeasj-327	87	5	this	this	DET
aeasj-327	87	6	short	short	ADJ
aeasj-327	87	7	article	article	NOUN
aeasj-327	87	8	has	have	AUX
aeasj-327	87	9	shown	show	VERB
aeasj-327	87	10	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	87	11	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	87	12	trans	trans	PROPN
aeasj-327	87	13	-	-	PROPN
aeasj-327	87	14	sahara	sahara	ADJ
aeasj-327	87	15	trade	trade	NOUN
aeasj-327	87	16	was	be	AUX
aeasj-327	87	17	no	no	ADV
aeasj-327	87	18	doubt	doubt	ADV
aeasj-327	87	19	a	a	DET
aeasj-327	87	20	phenomenon	phenomenon	NOUN
aeasj-327	87	21	in	in	ADP
aeasj-327	87	22	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	87	23	history	history	NOUN
aeasj-327	87	24	of	of	ADP
aeasj-327	87	25	africa	africa	PROPN
aeasj-327	87	26	.	.	PUNCT
aeasj-327	88	1	not	not	PART
aeasj-327	88	2	only	only	ADV
aeasj-327	88	3	did	do	AUX
aeasj-327	88	4	it	it	PRON
aeasj-327	88	5	create	create	VERB
aeasj-327	88	6	an	an	DET
aeasj-327	88	7	economy	economy	NOUN
aeasj-327	88	8	for	for	ADP
aeasj-327	88	9	many	many	ADJ
aeasj-327	88	10	city	city	NOUN
aeasj-327	88	11	states	state	NOUN
aeasj-327	88	12	at	at	ADP
aeasj-327	88	13	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	88	14	time	time	NOUN
aeasj-327	88	15	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	88	16	it	it	PRON
aeasj-327	88	17	also	also	ADV
aeasj-327	88	18	established	establish	VERB
aeasj-327	88	19	contact	contact	NOUN
aeasj-327	88	20	between	between	ADP
aeasj-327	88	21	peoples	people	NOUN
aeasj-327	88	22	of	of	ADP
aeasj-327	88	23	various	various	ADJ
aeasj-327	88	24	regions	region	NOUN
aeasj-327	88	25	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	88	26	cultures	culture	NOUN
aeasj-327	88	27	.	.	PUNCT
aeasj-327	89	1	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	89	2	article	article	NOUN
aeasj-327	89	3	has	have	AUX
aeasj-327	89	4	also	also	ADV
aeasj-327	89	5	shown	show	VERB
aeasj-327	89	6	what	what	PRON
aeasj-327	89	7	kind	kind	NOUN
aeasj-327	89	8	of	of	ADP
aeasj-327	89	9	economic	economic	ADJ
aeasj-327	89	10	relations	relation	NOUN
aeasj-327	89	11	existed	exist	VERB
aeasj-327	89	12	between	between	ADP
aeasj-327	89	13	different	different	ADJ
aeasj-327	89	14	states	state	NOUN
aeasj-327	89	15	or	or	CCONJ
aeasj-327	89	16	cities	city	NOUN
aeasj-327	89	17	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	89	18	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	89	19	importance	importance	NOUN
aeasj-327	89	20	of	of	ADP
aeasj-327	89	21	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	89	22	various	various	ADJ
aeasj-327	89	23	commodities	commodity	NOUN
aeasj-327	89	24	each	each	DET
aeasj-327	89	25	state	state	NOUN
aeasj-327	89	26	possessed	possess	VERB
aeasj-327	89	27	.	.	PUNCT
aeasj-327	90	1	at	at	ADP
aeasj-327	90	2	this	this	DET
aeasj-327	90	3	point	point	NOUN
aeasj-327	90	4	if	if	SCONJ
aeasj-327	90	5	one	one	PRON
aeasj-327	90	6	argues	argue	VERB
aeasj-327	90	7	that	that	SCONJ
aeasj-327	90	8	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	90	9	re	re	NOUN
aeasj-327	90	10	-	-	NOUN
aeasj-327	90	11	establishment	establishment	NOUN
aeasj-327	90	12	of	of	ADP
aeasj-327	90	13	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	90	14	linkages	linkage	NOUN
aeasj-327	90	15	or	or	CCONJ
aeasj-327	90	16	connections	connection	NOUN
aeasj-327	90	17	between	between	ADP
aeasj-327	90	18	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	90	19	different	different	ADJ
aeasj-327	90	20	cities	city	NOUN
aeasj-327	90	21	in	in	ADP
aeasj-327	90	22	modern	modern	ADJ
aeasj-327	90	23	times	time	NOUN
aeasj-327	90	24	is	be	AUX
aeasj-327	90	25	not	not	PART
aeasj-327	90	26	out	out	ADP
aeasj-327	90	27	place	place	NOUN
aeasj-327	90	28	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	90	29	one	one	PRON
aeasj-327	90	30	can	can	AUX
aeasj-327	90	31	be	be	AUX
aeasj-327	90	32	correct	correct	ADJ
aeasj-327	90	33	.	.	PUNCT
aeasj-327	91	1	if	if	SCONJ
aeasj-327	91	2	we	we	PRON
aeasj-327	91	3	take	take	VERB
aeasj-327	91	4	into	into	ADP
aeasj-327	91	5	consideration	consideration	NOUN
aeasj-327	91	6	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	91	7	investments	investment	NOUN
aeasj-327	91	8	of	of	ADP
aeasj-327	91	9	morocco	morocco	PROPN
aeasj-327	91	10	in	in	ADP
aeasj-327	91	11	sub	sub	PROPN
aeasj-327	91	12	saharan	saharan	PROPN
aeasj-327	91	13	africa	africa	PROPN
aeasj-327	91	14	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	91	15	which	which	PRON
aeasj-327	91	16	is	be	AUX
aeasj-327	91	17	huge	huge	ADJ
aeasj-327	91	18	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	91	19	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	91	20	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	91	21	proposals	proposal	NOUN
aeasj-327	91	22	for	for	ADP
aeasj-327	91	23	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	91	24	trans	trans	PROPN
aeasj-327	91	25	-	-	PROPN
aeasj-327	91	26	sahara	sahara	ADJ
aeasj-327	91	27	gas	gas	NOUN
aeasj-327	91	28	pipeline	pipeline	NOUN
aeasj-327	91	29	by	by	ADP
aeasj-327	91	30	west	west	ADJ
aeasj-327	91	31	african	african	ADJ
aeasj-327	91	32	states	states	PROPN
aeasj-327	91	33	[	[	X
aeasj-327	91	34	michael	michael	PROPN
aeasj-327	91	35	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	91	36	24.03.17	24.03.17	PROPN
aeasj-327	91	37	]	]	PUNCT
aeasj-327	91	38	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	91	39	including	include	VERB
aeasj-327	91	40	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
aeasj-327	91	41	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	91	42	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	91	43	reality	reality	NOUN
aeasj-327	91	44	of	of	ADP
aeasj-327	91	45	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	91	46	re	re	NOUN
aeasj-327	91	47	-	-	NOUN
aeasj-327	91	48	establishment	establishment	NOUN
aeasj-327	91	49	these	these	DET
aeasj-327	91	50	old	old	ADJ
aeasj-327	91	51	connections	connection	NOUN
aeasj-327	91	52	becomes	become	VERB
aeasj-327	91	53	clear	clear	ADJ
aeasj-327	91	54	.	.	PUNCT
aeasj-327	92	1	what	what	PRON
aeasj-327	92	2	is	be	AUX
aeasj-327	92	3	needed	need	VERB
aeasj-327	92	4	to	to	PART
aeasj-327	92	5	get	get	VERB
aeasj-327	92	6	trade	trade	NOUN
aeasj-327	92	7	moving	move	VERB
aeasj-327	92	8	is	be	AUX
aeasj-327	92	9	road	road	NOUN
aeasj-327	92	10	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
aeasj-327	92	11	across	across	ADP
aeasj-327	92	12	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	92	13	sahel	sahel	PROPN
aeasj-327	92	14	to	to	ADP
aeasj-327	92	15	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	92	16	sahara	sahara	PROPN
aeasj-327	92	17	.	.	PUNCT
aeasj-327	93	1	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	93	2	apart	apart	ADV
aeasj-327	93	3	from	from	ADP
aeasj-327	93	4	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	93	5	road	road	NOUN
aeasj-327	93	6	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
aeasj-327	93	7	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	93	8	industries	industry	NOUN
aeasj-327	93	9	across	across	ADP
aeasj-327	93	10	cities	city	NOUN
aeasj-327	93	11	like	like	ADP
aeasj-327	93	12	kano	kano	PROPN
aeasj-327	93	13	that	that	PRON
aeasj-327	93	14	would	would	AUX
aeasj-327	93	15	produce	produce	VERB
aeasj-327	93	16	goods	good	NOUN
aeasj-327	93	17	for	for	ADP
aeasj-327	93	18	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	93	19	sahel	sahel	PROPN
aeasj-327	93	20	states	state	NOUN
aeasj-327	93	21	that	that	PRON
aeasj-327	93	22	would	would	AUX
aeasj-327	93	23	stir	stir	VERB
aeasj-327	93	24	economic	economic	ADJ
aeasj-327	93	25	intercourse	intercourse	NOUN
aeasj-327	93	26	between	between	ADP
aeasj-327	93	27	these	these	DET
aeasj-327	93	28	states	state	NOUN
aeasj-327	93	29	.	.	PUNCT
aeasj-327	94	1	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	94	2	revival	revival	NOUN
aeasj-327	94	3	of	of	ADP
aeasj-327	94	4	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	94	5	textile	textile	NOUN
aeasj-327	94	6	industries	industry	NOUN
aeasj-327	94	7	with	with	ADP
aeasj-327	94	8	particular	particular	ADJ
aeasj-327	94	9	focus	focus	NOUN
aeasj-327	94	10	on	on	ADP
aeasj-327	94	11	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	94	12	production	production	NOUN
aeasj-327	94	13	of	of	ADP
aeasj-327	94	14	what	what	PRON
aeasj-327	94	15	is	be	AUX
aeasj-327	94	16	consumed	consume	VERB
aeasj-327	94	17	in	in	ADP
aeasj-327	94	18	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	94	19	markets	market	NOUN
aeasj-327	94	20	of	of	ADP
aeasj-327	94	21	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	94	22	different	different	ADJ
aeasj-327	94	23	sahel	sahel	PROPN
aeasj-327	94	24	markets	market	NOUN
aeasj-327	94	25	will	will	AUX
aeasj-327	94	26	easily	easily	ADV
aeasj-327	94	27	create	create	VERB
aeasj-327	94	28	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	94	29	magic	magic	NOUN
aeasj-327	94	30	.	.	PUNCT
aeasj-327	95	1	at	at	ADP
aeasj-327	95	2	this	this	DET
aeasj-327	95	3	point	point	NOUN
aeasj-327	95	4	there	there	PRON
aeasj-327	95	5	is	be	VERB
aeasj-327	95	6	need	need	NOUN
aeasj-327	95	7	for	for	ADP
aeasj-327	95	8	a	a	DET
aeasj-327	95	9	comprehensive	comprehensive	ADJ
aeasj-327	95	10	study	study	NOUN
aeasj-327	95	11	by	by	ADP
aeasj-327	95	12	merchants	merchant	NOUN
aeasj-327	95	13	in	in	ADP
aeasj-327	95	14	businessmen	businessman	NOUN
aeasj-327	95	15	in	in	ADP
aeasj-327	95	16	kano	kano	PROPN
aeasj-327	95	17	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	95	18	kaduna	kaduna	PROPN
aeasj-327	95	19	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	95	20	katsina	katsina	PROPN
aeasj-327	95	21	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	95	22	borno	borno	PROPN
aeasj-327	95	23	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	95	24	daura	daura	NOUN
aeasj-327	95	25	of	of	ADP
aeasj-327	95	26	what	what	PRON
aeasj-327	95	27	is	be	AUX
aeasj-327	95	28	consumed	consume	VERB
aeasj-327	95	29	in	in	ADP
aeasj-327	95	30	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	95	31	markets	market	NOUN
aeasj-327	95	32	of	of	ADP
aeasj-327	95	33	timbuktu	timbuktu	PROPN
aeasj-327	95	34	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	95	35	gao	gao	PROPN
aeasj-327	95	36	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	95	37	sijilmasa	sijilmasa	PROPN
aeasj-327	95	38	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	95	39	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	95	40	cities	city	NOUN
aeasj-327	95	41	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	95	42	markets	market	NOUN
aeasj-327	95	43	in	in	ADP
aeasj-327	95	44	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	95	45	different	different	ADJ
aeasj-327	95	46	sahel	sahel	PROPN
aeasj-327	95	47	states	state	NOUN
aeasj-327	95	48	.	.	PUNCT
aeasj-327	96	1	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	96	2	if	if	SCONJ
aeasj-327	96	3	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	96	4	newly	newly	ADV
aeasj-327	96	5	created	create	VERB
aeasj-327	96	6	emirates	emirate	NOUN
aeasj-327	96	7	in	in	ADP
aeasj-327	96	8	kano	kano	PROPN
aeasj-327	96	9	together	together	ADV
aeasj-327	96	10	with	with	ADP
aeasj-327	96	11	its	its	PRON
aeasj-327	96	12	government	government	NOUN
aeasj-327	96	13	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	96	14	people	people	NOUN
aeasj-327	96	15	become	become	VERB
aeasj-327	96	16	creative	creative	ADJ
aeasj-327	96	17	enough	enough	ADV
aeasj-327	96	18	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	96	19	kano	kano	PROPN
aeasj-327	96	20	might	might	AUX
aeasj-327	96	21	find	find	VERB
aeasj-327	96	22	itself	itself	PRON
aeasj-327	96	23	in	in	ADP
aeasj-327	96	24	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	96	25	spotlight	spotlight	NOUN
aeasj-327	96	26	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	96	27	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	96	28	become	become	VERB
aeasj-327	96	29	a	a	DET
aeasj-327	96	30	center	center	NOUN
aeasj-327	96	31	of	of	ADP
aeasj-327	96	32	tourism	tourism	NOUN
aeasj-327	96	33	for	for	ADP
aeasj-327	96	34	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	96	35	world	world	NOUN
aeasj-327	96	36	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	96	37	influx	influx	VERB
aeasj-327	96	38	of	of	ADP
aeasj-327	96	39	people	people	NOUN
aeasj-327	96	40	as	as	SCONJ
aeasj-327	96	41	is	be	AUX
aeasj-327	96	42	recorded	record	VERB
aeasj-327	96	43	in	in	ADP
aeasj-327	96	44	places	place	NOUN
aeasj-327	96	45	like	like	ADP
aeasj-327	96	46	timbuktu	timbuktu	PROPN
aeasj-327	96	47	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	96	48	istanbul	istanbul	PROPN
aeasj-327	96	49	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	96	50	other	other	ADJ
aeasj-327	96	51	places	place	NOUN
aeasj-327	96	52	will	will	AUX
aeasj-327	96	53	happen	happen	VERB
aeasj-327	96	54	in	in	ADP
aeasj-327	96	55	kano	kano	PROPN
aeasj-327	96	56	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	96	57	could	could	AUX
aeasj-327	96	58	be	be	AUX
aeasj-327	96	59	a	a	DET
aeasj-327	96	60	source	source	NOUN
aeasj-327	96	61	of	of	ADP
aeasj-327	96	62	revenue	revenue	NOUN
aeasj-327	96	63	generation	generation	NOUN
aeasj-327	96	64	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	96	65	will	will	AUX
aeasj-327	96	66	impact	impact	VERB
aeasj-327	96	67	on	on	ADP
aeasj-327	96	68	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	96	69	economy	economy	NOUN
aeasj-327	96	70	of	of	ADP
aeasj-327	96	71	not	not	PART
aeasj-327	96	72	only	only	ADV
aeasj-327	96	73	kano	kano	PROPN
aeasj-327	96	74	but	but	CCONJ
aeasj-327	96	75	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
aeasj-327	96	76	as	as	ADP
aeasj-327	96	77	a	a	DET
aeasj-327	96	78	whole	whole	NOUN
aeasj-327	96	79	.	.	PUNCT
aeasj-327	97	1	references	reference	NOUN
aeasj-327	97	2	augustina	augustina	PROPN
aeasj-327	97	3	okpechi	okpechi	PROPN
aeasj-327	97	4	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	97	5	kano	kano	PROPN
aeasj-327	97	6	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	97	7	a	a	DET
aeasj-327	97	8	city	city	NOUN
aeasj-327	97	9	of	of	ADP
aeasj-327	97	10	antiques	antique	NOUN
aeasj-327	97	11	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	97	12	culture	culture	NOUN
aeasj-327	97	13	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	97	14	guardian	guardian	NOUN
aeasj-327	97	15	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	97	16	14	14	NUM
aeasj-327	97	17	september	september	PROPN
aeasj-327	97	18	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	97	19	2016	2016	NUM
aeasj-327	97	20	.	.	PUNCT
aeasj-327	98	1	andrew	andrew	PROPN
aeasj-327	98	2	korybko	korybko	PROPN
aeasj-327	98	3	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	98	4	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	98	5	sahelian	sahelian	ADJ
aeasj-327	98	6	-	-	PUNCT
aeasj-327	98	7	saharan	saharan	ADJ
aeasj-327	98	8	silk	silk	NOUN
aeasj-327	98	9	road	road	NOUN
aeasj-327	98	10	is	be	AUX
aeasj-327	98	11	one	one	NUM
aeasj-327	98	12	of	of	ADP
aeasj-327	98	13	china	china	PROPN
aeasj-327	98	14	’s	’s	PART
aeasj-327	98	15	plans	plan	NOUN
aeasj-327	98	16	for	for	ADP
aeasj-327	98	17	africa	africa	PROPN
aeasj-327	98	18	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	98	19	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	98	20	sahelian	sahelian	NOUN
aeasj-327	98	21	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	98	22	www.katehon.com	www.katehon.com	PROPN
aeasj-327	98	23	claire	claire	PROPN
aeasj-327	98	24	cock	cock	PROPN
aeasj-327	98	25	-	-	PUNCT
aeasj-327	98	26	starkey	starkey	NOUN
aeasj-327	98	27	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	98	28	8	8	NUM
aeasj-327	98	29	trade	trade	NOUN
aeasj-327	98	30	routes	route	NOUN
aeasj-327	98	31	that	that	PRON
aeasj-327	98	32	shaped	shape	VERB
aeasj-327	98	33	world	world	NOUN
aeasj-327	98	34	history	history	NOUN
aeasj-327	98	35	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	98	36	metal	metal	NOUN
aeasj-327	98	37	floss	floss	NOUN
aeasj-327	98	38	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	98	39	2016	2016	NUM
aeasj-327	98	40	.	.	PUNCT
aeasj-327	99	1	www.metalfloss.com	www.metalfloss.com	PROPN
aeasj-327	99	2	hassoum	hassoum	PROPN
aeasj-327	99	3	ceesay	ceesay	PROPN
aeasj-327	99	4	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	99	5	toby	toby	PROPN
aeasj-327	99	6	green	green	PROPN
aeasj-327	99	7	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	99	8	trans	trans	PROPN
aeasj-327	99	9	-	-	ADJ
aeasj-327	99	10	sahara	sahara	ADJ
aeasj-327	99	11	trade	trade	NOUN
aeasj-327	99	12	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	99	13	origins	origin	NOUN
aeasj-327	99	14	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	99	15	organization	organization	NOUN
aeasj-327	99	16	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	99	17	effects	effect	NOUN
aeasj-327	99	18	in	in	ADP
aeasj-327	99	19	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	99	20	development	development	NOUN
aeasj-327	99	21	of	of	ADP
aeasj-327	99	22	west	west	PROPN
aeasj-327	99	23	africa	africa	PROPN
aeasj-327	99	24	.	.	PROPN
aeasj-327	99	25	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	99	26	www.wasscehistorytextbook.com	www.wasscehistorytextbook.com	PROPN
aeasj-327	99	27	michael	michael	PROPN
aeasj-327	99	28	eboh	eboh	PROPN
aeasj-327	99	29	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	99	30	$	$	SYM
aeasj-327	99	31	12bn	12bn	NUM
aeasj-327	99	32	trans	trans	PROPN
aeasj-327	99	33	-	-	ADJ
aeasj-327	99	34	sahara	sahara	ADJ
aeasj-327	99	35	gas	gas	NOUN
aeasj-327	99	36	pipeline	pipeline	NOUN
aeasj-327	99	37	on	on	ADP
aeasj-327	99	38	track	track	NOUN
aeasj-327	99	39	-	-	PUNCT
aeasj-327	99	40	nnpc	nnpc	ADJ
aeasj-327	99	41	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	99	42	vanguard	vanguard	NOUN
aeasj-327	99	43	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	99	44	24	24	NUM
aeasj-327	99	45	march	march	NOUN
aeasj-327	99	46	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	99	47	2017	2017	NUM
aeasj-327	99	48	.	.	PUNCT
aeasj-327	100	1	http://www.katehon.com/	http://www.katehon.com/	NOUN
aeasj-327	100	2	http://www.metalfloss.com/	http://www.metalfloss.com/	PROPN
aeasj-327	100	3	http://www.wasscehistorytextbook.com/	http://www.wasscehistorytextbook.com/	PROPN
aeasj-327	100	4	copyright	copyright	PROPN
aeasj-327	100	5	©	©	PROPN
aeasj-327	100	6	cc	cc	PROPN
aeasj-327	100	7	-	-	PUNCT
aeasj-327	100	8	by	by	ADP
aeasj-327	100	9	-	-	PUNCT
aeasj-327	100	10	nc	nc	PROPN
aeasj-327	100	11	2019	2019	NUM
aeasj-327	100	12	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	100	13	cribfb	cribfb	VERB
aeasj-327	100	14	|	|	ADV
aeasj-327	100	15	aesr	aesr	ADV
aeasj-327	100	16	www.cribfb.com/journal/index.php/aesr	www.cribfb.com/journal/index.php/aesr	VERB
aeasj-327	100	17	american	american	PROPN
aeasj-327	100	18	economic	economic	PROPN
aeasj-327	100	19	&	&	CCONJ
aeasj-327	100	20	social	social	PROPN
aeasj-327	100	21	review	review	PROPN
aeasj-327	100	22	vol	vol	NOUN
aeasj-327	100	23	.	.	PROPN
aeasj-327	101	1	5	5	NUM
aeasj-327	101	2	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	101	3	no	no	INTJ
aeasj-327	101	4	.	.	NOUN
aeasj-327	101	5	2	2	NUM
aeasj-327	101	6	;	;	PUNCT
aeasj-327	101	7	2019	2019	NUM
aeasj-327	101	8	11	11	NUM
aeasj-327	101	9	monica	monica	PROPN
aeasj-327	101	10	mark	mark	PROPN
aeasj-327	102	1	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	102	2	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
aeasj-327	102	3	hopes	hope	VERB
aeasj-327	102	4	kano	kano	PROPN
aeasj-327	102	5	’s	’s	PART
aeasj-327	102	6	ancient	ancient	ADJ
aeasj-327	102	7	textile	textile	NOUN
aeasj-327	102	8	traditions	tradition	NOUN
aeasj-327	102	9	can	can	AUX
aeasj-327	102	10	boost	boost	VERB
aeasj-327	102	11	trade	trade	NOUN
aeasj-327	102	12	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	102	13	tourism	tourism	NOUN
aeasj-327	102	14	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	102	15	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	102	16	guardian	guardian	NOUN
aeasj-327	102	17	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	102	18	25	25	NUM
aeasj-327	102	19	july	july	PROPN
aeasj-327	102	20	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	102	21	2013	2013	NUM
aeasj-327	102	22	.	.	PUNCT
aeasj-327	103	1	pekka	pekka	PROPN
aeasj-327	103	2	masonen	masonen	PROPN
aeasj-327	103	3	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	103	4	university	university	NOUN
aeasj-327	103	5	of	of	ADP
aeasj-327	103	6	tampere	tampere	PROPN
aeasj-327	103	7	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	103	8	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	103	9	third	third	ADJ
aeasj-327	103	10	nordic	nordic	ADJ
aeasj-327	103	11	conference	conference	NOUN
aeasj-327	103	12	on	on	ADP
aeasj-327	103	13	middle	middle	ADJ
aeasj-327	103	14	eastern	eastern	ADJ
aeasj-327	103	15	studies	study	NOUN
aeasj-327	103	16	:	:	PUNCT
aeasj-327	103	17	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
aeasj-327	103	18	encounter	encounter	NOUN
aeasj-327	103	19	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	103	20	culture	culture	NOUN
aeasj-327	103	21	change	change	NOUN
aeasj-327	103	22	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	103	23	joensuu	joensuu	NOUN
aeasj-327	103	24	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	103	25	finland	finland	PROPN
aeasj-327	103	26	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	103	27	19	19	NUM
aeasj-327	103	28	-	-	SYM
aeasj-327	103	29	22	22	NUM
aeasj-327	103	30	june	june	PROPN
aeasj-327	103	31	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	103	32	1995	1995	NUM
aeasj-327	103	33	.	.	PUNCT
aeasj-327	104	1	robert	robert	PROPN
aeasj-327	104	2	muggah	muggah	PROPN
aeasj-327	104	3	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	104	4	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	104	5	sahel	sahel	PROPN
aeasj-327	104	6	engulfed	engulf	VERB
aeasj-327	104	7	by	by	ADP
aeasj-327	104	8	violence	violence	NOUN
aeasj-327	104	9	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	104	10	climate	climate	NOUN
aeasj-327	104	11	change	change	NOUN
aeasj-327	104	12	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	104	13	food	food	NOUN
aeasj-327	104	14	insecurity	insecurity	NOUN
aeasj-327	104	15	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	104	16	extremists	extremist	NOUN
aeasj-327	104	17	are	be	AUX
aeasj-327	104	18	largely	largely	ADV
aeasj-327	104	19	to	to	PART
aeasj-327	104	20	blame	blame	VERB
aeasj-327	104	21	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	104	22	world	world	PROPN
aeasj-327	104	23	economic	economic	PROPN
aeasj-327	104	24	forum	forum	PROPN
aeasj-327	104	25	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	104	26	2019	2019	NUM
aeasj-327	104	27	.	.	PUNCT
aeasj-327	105	1	www.weforum.org	www.weforum.org	PROPN
aeasj-327	105	2	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	105	3	economist	economist	NOUN
aeasj-327	105	4	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	105	5	banking	banking	NOUN
aeasj-327	105	6	on	on	ADP
aeasj-327	105	7	ecowas	ecowas	PROPN
aeasj-327	105	8	:	:	PUNCT
aeasj-327	105	9	why	why	SCONJ
aeasj-327	105	10	morocco	morocco	PROPN
aeasj-327	105	11	is	be	AUX
aeasj-327	105	12	cosying	cosye	VERB
aeasj-327	105	13	up	up	ADP
aeasj-327	105	14	to	to	ADP
aeasj-327	105	15	sub	sub	ADJ
aeasj-327	105	16	-	-	ADJ
aeasj-327	105	17	saharan	saharan	ADJ
aeasj-327	105	18	africa,19	africa,19	PROPN
aeasj-327	105	19	july	july	PROPN
aeasj-327	105	20	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	105	21	2018	2018	NUM
aeasj-327	105	22	.	.	PUNCT
aeasj-327	106	1	trans	trans	PROPN
aeasj-327	106	2	-	-	PROPN
aeasj-327	106	3	sahara	sahara	ADJ
aeasj-327	106	4	trade	trade	NOUN
aeasj-327	106	5	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	106	6	www.ppps.org/cms	www.ppps.org/cms	PROPN
aeasj-327	106	7	.	.	PUNCT
aeasj-327	107	1	travels	travel	VERB
aeasj-327	107	2	of	of	ADP
aeasj-327	107	3	ibn	ibn	PROPN
aeasj-327	107	4	batuta	batuta	PROPN
aeasj-327	107	5	:	:	PUNCT
aeasj-327	107	6	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	107	7	journey	journey	NOUN
aeasj-327	107	8	to	to	PART
aeasj-327	107	9	mali	mali	VERB
aeasj-327	107	10	1350	1350	NUM
aeasj-327	107	11	-	-	SYM
aeasj-327	107	12	1351	1351	NUM
aeasj-327	107	13	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	107	14	uc	uc	PROPN
aeasj-327	107	15	berkeley	berkeley	PROPN
aeasj-327	107	16	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	107	17	www.orias.berkeley.edu	www.orias.berkeley.edu	PROPN
aeasj-327	107	18	copyrights	copyright	VERB
aeasj-327	107	19	copyright	copyright	NOUN
aeasj-327	107	20	for	for	ADP
aeasj-327	107	21	this	this	DET
aeasj-327	107	22	article	article	NOUN
aeasj-327	107	23	is	be	AUX
aeasj-327	107	24	retained	retain	VERB
aeasj-327	107	25	by	by	ADP
aeasj-327	107	26	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	107	27	author(s	author(s	PROPN
aeasj-327	107	28	)	)	PUNCT
aeasj-327	107	29	,	,	PUNCT
aeasj-327	107	30	with	with	ADP
aeasj-327	107	31	first	first	ADJ
aeasj-327	107	32	publication	publication	NOUN
aeasj-327	107	33	rights	right	NOUN
aeasj-327	107	34	granted	grant	VERB
aeasj-327	107	35	to	to	ADP
aeasj-327	107	36	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	107	37	journal	journal	NOUN
aeasj-327	107	38	.	.	PUNCT
aeasj-327	108	1	this	this	PRON
aeasj-327	108	2	is	be	AUX
aeasj-327	108	3	an	an	DET
aeasj-327	108	4	open	open	ADJ
aeasj-327	108	5	-	-	PUNCT
aeasj-327	108	6	access	access	NOUN
aeasj-327	108	7	article	article	NOUN
aeasj-327	108	8	distributed	distribute	VERB
aeasj-327	108	9	under	under	ADP
aeasj-327	108	10	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	108	11	terms	term	NOUN
aeasj-327	108	12	and	and	CCONJ
aeasj-327	108	13	conditions	condition	NOUN
aeasj-327	108	14	of	of	ADP
aeasj-327	108	15	the	the	DET
aeasj-327	108	16	creative	creative	ADJ
aeasj-327	108	17	commons	common	NOUN
aeasj-327	108	18	attribution	attribution	NOUN
aeasj-327	108	19	license	license	NOUN
aeasj-327	108	20	(	(	PUNCT
aeasj-327	108	21	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/	PROPN
aeasj-327	108	22	)	)	PUNCT
aeasj-327	108	23	.	.	PUNCT
aeasj-327	109	1	http://www.weforum.org/	http://www.weforum.org/	X
aeasj-327	110	1	http://www.ppps.org/cms	http://www.ppps.org/cms	PROPN
aeasj-327	110	2	http://www.orias.berkeley.edu/	http://www.orias.berkeley.edu/	PROPN