id	sid	tid	token	lemma	pos
aijbe-575	1	1	american	american	PROPN
aijbe-575	1	2	interdisciplinary	interdisciplinary	PROPN
aijbe-575	1	3	journal	journal	NOUN
aijbe-575	1	4	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	1	5	business	business	NOUN
aijbe-575	1	6	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	1	7	economics	economic	NOUN
aijbe-575	1	8	issn	issn	PROPN
aijbe-575	1	9	:	:	PUNCT
aijbe-575	1	10	2837	2837	NUM
aijbe-575	1	11	-	-	SYM
aijbe-575	1	12	1909|	1909|	NUM
aijbe-575	1	13	impact	impact	NOUN
aijbe-575	1	14	factor	factor	NOUN
aijbe-575	1	15	:	:	PUNCT
aijbe-575	1	16	6.71	6.71	NUM
aijbe-575	1	17	volume	volume	NOUN
aijbe-575	1	18	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	2	1	10	10	NUM
aijbe-575	2	2	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	2	3	number	number	NOUN
aijbe-575	2	4	4	4	NUM
aijbe-575	2	5	;	;	PUNCT
aijbe-575	2	6	october	october	PROPN
aijbe-575	2	7	-	-	PUNCT
aijbe-575	2	8	december	december	PROPN
aijbe-575	2	9	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	2	10	2023	2023	NUM
aijbe-575	2	11	;	;	PUNCT
aijbe-575	2	12	published	publish	VERB
aijbe-575	2	13	by	by	ADP
aijbe-575	2	14	:	:	PUNCT
aijbe-575	2	15	scientific	scientific	ADJ
aijbe-575	2	16	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	2	17	academic	academic	ADJ
aijbe-575	2	18	development	development	PROPN
aijbe-575	2	19	institute	institute	PROPN
aijbe-575	2	20	(	(	PUNCT
aijbe-575	2	21	sadi	sadi	PROPN
aijbe-575	2	22	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	2	23	8933	8933	NUM
aijbe-575	3	1	willis	willis	PROPN
aijbe-575	3	2	ave	ave	PROPN
aijbe-575	3	3	los	los	PROPN
aijbe-575	3	4	angeles	angeles	PROPN
aijbe-575	3	5	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	3	6	california	california	PROPN
aijbe-575	3	7	https://sadijournals.org/index.php/aijbe|	https://sadijournals.org/index.php/aijbe|	PROPN
aijbe-575	4	1	editorial@sadijournals.org	editorial@sadijournals.org	PROPN
aijbe-575	4	2	1	1	NUM
aijbe-575	4	3	american	american	ADJ
aijbe-575	4	4	interdisciplinary	interdisciplinary	ADJ
aijbe-575	4	5	journal	journal	NOUN
aijbe-575	4	6	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	4	7	business	business	NOUN
aijbe-575	4	8	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	4	9	economics	economic	NOUN
aijbe-575	4	10	|	|	ADV
aijbe-575	4	11	https://sadijournals.org/index.php/aijbe	https://sadijournals.org/index.php/aijbe	VERB
aijbe-575	4	12	effect	effect	NOUN
aijbe-575	4	13	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	4	14	protectionist	protectionist	ADJ
aijbe-575	4	15	policies	policy	NOUN
aijbe-575	4	16	on	on	ADP
aijbe-575	4	17	economy	economy	NOUN
aijbe-575	4	18	development	development	NOUN
aijbe-575	4	19	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	4	20	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
aijbe-575	4	21	balogun	balogun	VERB
aijbe-575	4	22	david	david	PROPN
aijbe-575	4	23	ibukun	ibukun	PROPN
aijbe-575	4	24	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	4	25	prof	prof	NOUN
aijbe-575	4	26	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	5	1	okechukwu	okechukwu	PROPN
aijbe-575	5	2	e.	e.	PROPN
aijbe-575	5	3	u.	u.	PROPN
aijbe-575	5	4	department	department	PROPN
aijbe-575	5	5	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	5	6	business	business	PROPN
aijbe-575	5	7	administration	administration	PROPN
aijbe-575	5	8	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	5	9	esut	esut	PROPN
aijbe-575	5	10	business	business	NOUN
aijbe-575	5	11	school	school	PROPN
aijbe-575	5	12	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	5	13	enugu	enugu	PROPN
aijbe-575	5	14	state	state	PROPN
aijbe-575	5	15	university	university	PROPN
aijbe-575	5	16	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	5	17	science	science	NOUN
aijbe-575	5	18	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	5	19	technology	technology	NOUN
aijbe-575	5	20	doi	doi	NOUN
aijbe-575	5	21	:	:	PUNCT
aijbe-575	5	22	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10018687	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10018687	NOUN
aijbe-575	5	23	abstract	abstract	NOUN
aijbe-575	5	24	:	:	PUNCT
aijbe-575	5	25	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	5	26	study	study	NOUN
aijbe-575	5	27	was	be	AUX
aijbe-575	5	28	carried	carry	VERB
aijbe-575	5	29	out	out	ADP
aijbe-575	5	30	to	to	PART
aijbe-575	5	31	determine	determine	VERB
aijbe-575	5	32	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	5	33	effect	effect	NOUN
aijbe-575	5	34	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	5	35	protectionist	protectionist	ADJ
aijbe-575	5	36	policies	policy	NOUN
aijbe-575	5	37	on	on	ADP
aijbe-575	5	38	economic	economic	ADJ
aijbe-575	5	39	development	development	NOUN
aijbe-575	5	40	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	5	41	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	5	42	nigeria	nigeria	PRON
aijbe-575	5	43	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	5	44	specific	specific	ADJ
aijbe-575	5	45	objectives	objective	NOUN
aijbe-575	5	46	are	be	AUX
aijbe-575	5	47	to	to	PART
aijbe-575	5	48	:	:	PUNCT
aijbe-575	5	49	examine	examine	VERB
aijbe-575	5	50	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	5	51	existence	existence	NOUN
aijbe-575	5	52	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	5	53	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	5	54	long	long	ADJ
aijbe-575	5	55	run	run	NOUN
aijbe-575	5	56	relationship	relationship	NOUN
aijbe-575	5	57	between	between	ADP
aijbe-575	5	58	trade	trade	NOUN
aijbe-575	5	59	openness	openness	NOUN
aijbe-575	5	60	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	5	61	economic	economic	ADJ
aijbe-575	5	62	development	development	NOUN
aijbe-575	5	63	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	5	64	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
aijbe-575	5	65	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	5	66	evaluate	evaluate	VERB
aijbe-575	5	67	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	5	68	effect	effect	NOUN
aijbe-575	5	69	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	5	70	trade	trade	NOUN
aijbe-575	5	71	openness	openness	NOUN
aijbe-575	5	72	on	on	ADP
aijbe-575	5	73	economic	economic	ADJ
aijbe-575	5	74	development	development	NOUN
aijbe-575	5	75	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	5	76	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
aijbe-575	5	77	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	5	78	evaluate	evaluate	VERB
aijbe-575	5	79	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	5	80	effect	effect	NOUN
aijbe-575	5	81	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	5	82	import	import	NOUN
aijbe-575	5	83	tariffs	tariff	NOUN
aijbe-575	5	84	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	5	85	exchange	exchange	NOUN
aijbe-575	5	86	rate	rate	NOUN
aijbe-575	5	87	on	on	ADP
aijbe-575	5	88	economic	economic	ADJ
aijbe-575	5	89	development	development	NOUN
aijbe-575	5	90	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	5	91	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
aijbe-575	5	92	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	6	1	this	this	DET
aijbe-575	6	2	study	study	NOUN
aijbe-575	6	3	employs	employ	VERB
aijbe-575	6	4	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	6	5	classical	classical	ADJ
aijbe-575	6	6	linear	linear	NOUN
aijbe-575	6	7	regression	regression	NOUN
aijbe-575	6	8	model	model	NOUN
aijbe-575	6	9	to	to	PART
aijbe-575	6	10	investigate	investigate	VERB
aijbe-575	6	11	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	6	12	effect	effect	NOUN
aijbe-575	6	13	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	6	14	protectionist	protectionist	ADJ
aijbe-575	6	15	policies	policy	NOUN
aijbe-575	6	16	on	on	ADP
aijbe-575	6	17	economic	economic	ADJ
aijbe-575	6	18	development	development	NOUN
aijbe-575	6	19	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	6	20	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
aijbe-575	6	21	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	7	1	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	7	2	classical	classical	ADJ
aijbe-575	7	3	linear	linear	PROPN
aijbe-575	7	4	regression	regression	NOUN
aijbe-575	7	5	model	model	NOUN
aijbe-575	7	6	is	be	AUX
aijbe-575	7	7	useful	useful	ADJ
aijbe-575	7	8	when	when	SCONJ
aijbe-575	7	9	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	7	10	relationship	relationship	NOUN
aijbe-575	7	11	that	that	PRON
aijbe-575	7	12	exists	exist	VERB
aijbe-575	7	13	between	between	ADP
aijbe-575	7	14	variables	variable	NOUN
aijbe-575	7	15	is	be	AUX
aijbe-575	7	16	linear	linear	ADJ
aijbe-575	7	17	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	8	1	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	8	2	results	result	NOUN
aijbe-575	8	3	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	8	4	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	8	5	ordinary	ordinary	ADJ
aijbe-575	8	6	least	least	ADJ
aijbe-575	8	7	squares	square	NOUN
aijbe-575	8	8	indicate	indicate	VERB
aijbe-575	8	9	that	that	SCONJ
aijbe-575	8	10	protectionist	protectionist	ADJ
aijbe-575	8	11	policies	policy	NOUN
aijbe-575	8	12	have	have	VERB
aijbe-575	8	13	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	8	14	mixture	mixture	NOUN
aijbe-575	8	15	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	8	16	significant	significant	ADJ
aijbe-575	8	17	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	8	18	insignificant	insignificant	ADJ
aijbe-575	8	19	effects	effect	NOUN
aijbe-575	8	20	on	on	ADP
aijbe-575	8	21	gross	gross	ADJ
aijbe-575	8	22	domestic	domestic	ADJ
aijbe-575	8	23	product	product	NOUN
aijbe-575	8	24	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	9	1	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	9	2	protectionist	protectionist	ADJ
aijbe-575	9	3	variables	variable	NOUN
aijbe-575	9	4	used	use	VERB
aijbe-575	9	5	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	9	6	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	9	7	study	study	NOUN
aijbe-575	9	8	include	include	VERB
aijbe-575	9	9	import	import	NOUN
aijbe-575	9	10	tariffs	tariff	NOUN
aijbe-575	9	11	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	9	12	exchange	exchange	NOUN
aijbe-575	9	13	rates	rate	NOUN
aijbe-575	9	14	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	9	15	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	9	16	trade	trade	NOUN
aijbe-575	9	17	openness	openness	NOUN
aijbe-575	9	18	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	10	1	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	10	2	study	study	NOUN
aijbe-575	10	3	recommended	recommend	VERB
aijbe-575	10	4	among	among	ADP
aijbe-575	10	5	others	other	NOUN
aijbe-575	10	6	that	that	SCONJ
aijbe-575	10	7	there	there	PRON
aijbe-575	10	8	should	should	AUX
aijbe-575	10	9	be	be	AUX
aijbe-575	10	10	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	10	11	deliberate	deliberate	ADJ
aijbe-575	10	12	effort	effort	NOUN
aijbe-575	10	13	on	on	ADP
aijbe-575	10	14	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	10	15	part	part	NOUN
aijbe-575	10	16	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	10	17	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	10	18	government	government	NOUN
aijbe-575	10	19	to	to	PART
aijbe-575	10	20	make	make	VERB
aijbe-575	10	21	policies	policy	NOUN
aijbe-575	10	22	that	that	PRON
aijbe-575	10	23	will	will	AUX
aijbe-575	10	24	favour	favour	VERB
aijbe-575	10	25	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	10	26	exportation	exportation	NOUN
aijbe-575	10	27	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	10	28	products	product	NOUN
aijbe-575	10	29	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	11	1	this	this	PRON
aijbe-575	11	2	is	be	AUX
aijbe-575	11	3	because	because	SCONJ
aijbe-575	11	4	doing	do	VERB
aijbe-575	11	5	such	such	ADJ
aijbe-575	11	6	means	mean	NOUN
aijbe-575	11	7	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	11	8	high	high	ADJ
aijbe-575	11	9	trade	trade	NOUN
aijbe-575	11	10	openness	openness	NOUN
aijbe-575	11	11	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	11	12	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	11	13	will	will	AUX
aijbe-575	11	14	have	have	VERB
aijbe-575	11	15	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	11	16	positive	positive	ADJ
aijbe-575	11	17	effect	effect	NOUN
aijbe-575	11	18	on	on	ADP
aijbe-575	11	19	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	11	20	economic	economic	ADJ
aijbe-575	11	21	development	development	NOUN
aijbe-575	11	22	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	11	23	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	11	24	country	country	NOUN
aijbe-575	11	25	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	11	26	with	with	SCONJ
aijbe-575	11	27	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	11	28	market	market	NOUN
aijbe-575	11	29	for	for	ADP
aijbe-575	11	30	local	local	ADJ
aijbe-575	11	31	goods	good	NOUN
aijbe-575	11	32	being	be	AUX
aijbe-575	11	33	expanded	expand	VERB
aijbe-575	11	34	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	11	35	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	11	36	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	11	37	pool	pool	NOUN
aijbe-575	11	38	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	11	39	natural	natural	ADJ
aijbe-575	11	40	resources	resource	NOUN
aijbe-575	11	41	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	11	42	human	human	ADJ
aijbe-575	11	43	resources	resource	NOUN
aijbe-575	11	44	widened	widen	VERB
aijbe-575	11	45	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	12	1	keywords	keyword	NOUN
aijbe-575	12	2	:	:	PUNCT
aijbe-575	12	3	development	development	NOUN
aijbe-575	12	4	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	12	5	economy	economy	NOUN
aijbe-575	12	6	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	12	7	effect	effect	NOUN
aijbe-575	12	8	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	12	9	policies	policy	NOUN
aijbe-575	12	10	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	12	11	protectionist	protectionist	ADJ
aijbe-575	12	12	1.1	1.1	NUM
aijbe-575	12	13	introduction	introduction	NOUN
aijbe-575	12	14	protectionism	protectionism	NOUN
aijbe-575	12	15	refers	refer	VERB
aijbe-575	12	16	to	to	ADP
aijbe-575	12	17	government	government	NOUN
aijbe-575	12	18	policies	policy	NOUN
aijbe-575	12	19	that	that	PRON
aijbe-575	12	20	restrict	restrict	VERB
aijbe-575	12	21	international	international	ADJ
aijbe-575	12	22	trade	trade	NOUN
aijbe-575	12	23	to	to	PART
aijbe-575	12	24	help	help	VERB
aijbe-575	12	25	domestic	domestic	ADJ
aijbe-575	12	26	industries	industry	NOUN
aijbe-575	12	27	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	13	1	protectionist	protectionist	ADJ
aijbe-575	13	2	policies	policy	NOUN
aijbe-575	13	3	are	be	AUX
aijbe-575	13	4	usually	usually	ADV
aijbe-575	13	5	implemented	implement	VERB
aijbe-575	13	6	with	with	ADP
aijbe-575	13	7	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	13	8	goal	goal	NOUN
aijbe-575	13	9	to	to	PART
aijbe-575	13	10	improve	improve	VERB
aijbe-575	13	11	economic	economic	ADJ
aijbe-575	13	12	activity	activity	NOUN
aijbe-575	13	13	within	within	ADP
aijbe-575	13	14	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	13	15	domestic	domestic	ADJ
aijbe-575	13	16	economy	economy	NOUN
aijbe-575	13	17	but	but	CCONJ
aijbe-575	13	18	can	can	AUX
aijbe-575	13	19	also	also	ADV
aijbe-575	13	20	be	be	AUX
aijbe-575	13	21	implemented	implement	VERB
aijbe-575	13	22	for	for	ADP
aijbe-575	13	23	safety	safety	NOUN
aijbe-575	13	24	or	or	CCONJ
aijbe-575	13	25	quality	quality	NOUN
aijbe-575	13	26	concerns	concern	NOUN
aijbe-575	13	27	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	14	1	protectionist	protectionist	ADJ
aijbe-575	14	2	policies	policy	NOUN
aijbe-575	14	3	are	be	AUX
aijbe-575	14	4	typically	typically	ADV
aijbe-575	14	5	focused	focus	VERB
aijbe-575	14	6	on	on	ADP
aijbe-575	14	7	imports	import	NOUN
aijbe-575	14	8	but	but	CCONJ
aijbe-575	14	9	may	may	AUX
aijbe-575	14	10	also	also	ADV
aijbe-575	14	11	involve	involve	VERB
aijbe-575	14	12	other	other	ADJ
aijbe-575	14	13	aspects	aspect	NOUN
aijbe-575	14	14	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	14	15	international	international	ADJ
aijbe-575	14	16	trade	trade	NOUN
aijbe-575	14	17	such	such	ADJ
aijbe-575	14	18	as	as	ADP
aijbe-575	14	19	product	product	NOUN
aijbe-575	14	20	standards	standard	NOUN
aijbe-575	14	21	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	14	22	government	government	NOUN
aijbe-575	14	23	subsidies	subsidy	NOUN
aijbe-575	14	24	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	15	1	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	15	2	need	need	NOUN
aijbe-575	15	3	for	for	ADP
aijbe-575	15	4	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	15	5	promotion	promotion	NOUN
aijbe-575	15	6	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	15	7	economic	economic	ADJ
aijbe-575	15	8	development	development	NOUN
aijbe-575	15	9	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	15	10	revenue	revenue	NOUN
aijbe-575	15	11	generation	generation	NOUN
aijbe-575	15	12	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	15	13	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	15	14	trade	trade	NOUN
aijbe-575	15	15	surplus	surplus	NOUN
aijbe-575	15	16	led	lead	VERB
aijbe-575	15	17	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
aijbe-575	15	18	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	15	19	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	15	20	early	early	ADJ
aijbe-575	15	21	60s	60	NOUN
aijbe-575	15	22	to	to	PART
aijbe-575	15	23	embark	embark	VERB
aijbe-575	15	24	on	on	ADP
aijbe-575	15	25	economic	economic	ADJ
aijbe-575	15	26	strategies	strategy	NOUN
aijbe-575	15	27	that	that	PRON
aijbe-575	15	28	reinforce	reinforce	VERB
aijbe-575	15	29	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	15	30	effect	effect	NOUN
aijbe-575	15	31	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	15	32	trade	trade	NOUN
aijbe-575	15	33	on	on	ADP
aijbe-575	15	34	economic	economic	ADJ
aijbe-575	15	35	development	development	NOUN
aijbe-575	15	36	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	15	37	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	15	38	early	early	ADJ
aijbe-575	15	39	1960s	1960	NOUN
aijbe-575	15	40	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	16	1	these	these	DET
aijbe-575	16	2	policies	policy	NOUN
aijbe-575	16	3	aimed	aim	VERB
aijbe-575	16	4	to	to	PART
aijbe-575	16	5	address	address	VERB
aijbe-575	16	6	issues	issue	NOUN
aijbe-575	16	7	concerning	concern	VERB
aijbe-575	16	8	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	16	9	shrinking	shrink	VERB
aijbe-575	16	10	foreign	foreign	ADJ
aijbe-575	16	11	exchange	exchange	NOUN
aijbe-575	16	12	reserve	reserve	NOUN
aijbe-575	16	13	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	16	14	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	16	15	weakening	weaken	VERB
aijbe-575	16	16	exchange	exchange	NOUN
aijbe-575	16	17	rate	rate	NOUN
aijbe-575	16	18	(	(	PUNCT
aijbe-575	16	19	madichie	madichie	NOUN
aijbe-575	16	20	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	16	21	osagu	osagu	ADJ
aijbe-575	16	22	&	&	CCONJ
aijbe-575	16	23	eze	eze	PROPN
aijbe-575	16	24	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	16	25	2018	2018	NUM
aijbe-575	16	26	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	16	27	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	17	1	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	17	2	an	an	DET
aijbe-575	17	3	attempt	attempt	NOUN
aijbe-575	17	4	to	to	PART
aijbe-575	17	5	revive	revive	VERB
aijbe-575	17	6	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	17	7	manufacturing	manufacturing	NOUN
aijbe-575	17	8	sector	sector	NOUN
aijbe-575	17	9	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	17	10	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	17	11	government	government	NOUN
aijbe-575	17	12	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	17	13	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	17	14	third	third	ADJ
aijbe-575	17	15	quarter	quarter	NOUN
aijbe-575	17	16	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	17	17	2019	2019	NUM
aijbe-575	17	18	closed	close	VERB
aijbe-575	17	19	all	all	DET
aijbe-575	17	20	its	its	PRON
aijbe-575	17	21	land	land	NOUN
aijbe-575	17	22	borders	border	NOUN
aijbe-575	17	23	restricting	restrict	VERB
aijbe-575	17	24	all	all	DET
aijbe-575	17	25	manufactured	manufacture	VERB
aijbe-575	17	26	goods	good	NOUN
aijbe-575	17	27	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	17	28	especially	especially	ADV
aijbe-575	17	29	rice	rice	NOUN
aijbe-575	17	30	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	17	31	poultry	poultry	NOUN
aijbe-575	17	32	products	product	NOUN
aijbe-575	17	33	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	17	34	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	17	35	textiles	textile	NOUN
aijbe-575	17	36	that	that	PRON
aijbe-575	17	37	can	can	AUX
aijbe-575	17	38	be	be	AUX
aijbe-575	17	39	produced	produce	VERB
aijbe-575	17	40	locally	locally	ADV
aijbe-575	17	41	from	from	ADP
aijbe-575	17	42	being	be	AUX
aijbe-575	17	43	imported	import	VERB
aijbe-575	17	44	into	into	ADP
aijbe-575	17	45	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	17	46	country	country	NOUN
aijbe-575	17	47	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	17	48	especially	especially	ADV
aijbe-575	17	49	through	through	ADP
aijbe-575	17	50	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	17	51	land	land	NOUN
aijbe-575	17	52	border	border	NOUN
aijbe-575	17	53	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	18	1	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	18	2	justification	justification	NOUN
aijbe-575	18	3	by	by	ADP
aijbe-575	18	4	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	18	5	government	government	NOUN
aijbe-575	18	6	was	be	AUX
aijbe-575	18	7	premised	premise	VERB
aijbe-575	18	8	on	on	ADP
aijbe-575	18	9	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	18	10	ground	ground	NOUN
aijbe-575	18	11	that	that	SCONJ
aijbe-575	18	12	it	it	PRON
aijbe-575	18	13	has	have	AUX
aijbe-575	18	14	been	be	AUX
aijbe-575	18	15	difficult	difficult	ADJ
aijbe-575	18	16	for	for	SCONJ
aijbe-575	18	17	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	18	18	agricultural	agricultural	ADJ
aijbe-575	18	19	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	18	20	manufacturing	manufacturing	NOUN
aijbe-575	18	21	sector	sector	NOUN
aijbe-575	18	22	to	to	PART
aijbe-575	18	23	function	function	VERB
aijbe-575	18	24	optimally	optimally	ADV
aijbe-575	18	25	due	due	ADP
aijbe-575	18	26	to	to	ADP
aijbe-575	18	27	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	18	28	influx	influx	NOUN
aijbe-575	18	29	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	18	30	foreign	foreign	ADJ
aijbe-575	18	31	products	product	NOUN
aijbe-575	18	32	that	that	PRON
aijbe-575	18	33	can	can	AUX
aijbe-575	18	34	be	be	AUX
aijbe-575	18	35	produced	produce	VERB
aijbe-575	18	36	locally	locally	ADV
aijbe-575	18	37	;	;	PUNCT
aijbe-575	18	38	that	that	SCONJ
aijbe-575	18	39	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	18	40	land	land	NOUN
aijbe-575	18	41	borders	border	NOUN
aijbe-575	18	42	has	have	AUX
aijbe-575	18	43	been	be	AUX
aijbe-575	18	44	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	18	45	medium	medium	NOUN
aijbe-575	18	46	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	18	47	evading	evade	VERB
aijbe-575	18	48	duties	duty	NOUN
aijbe-575	18	49	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	18	50	especially	especially	ADV
aijbe-575	18	51	at	at	ADP
aijbe-575	18	52	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	18	53	benin	benin	PROPN
aijbe-575	18	54	republic	republic	PROPN
aijbe-575	18	55	axis	axis	NOUN
aijbe-575	18	56	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	18	57	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	18	58	country	country	NOUN
aijbe-575	18	59	which	which	PRON
aijbe-575	18	60	has	have	AUX
aijbe-575	18	61	majorly	majorly	ADV
aijbe-575	18	62	become	become	VERB
aijbe-575	18	63	an	an	DET
aijbe-575	18	64	entrepôt	entrepôt	NOUN
aijbe-575	18	65	for	for	ADP
aijbe-575	18	66	already	already	ADV
aijbe-575	18	67	manufactured	manufacture	VERB
aijbe-575	18	68	goods	good	NOUN
aijbe-575	18	69	which	which	PRON
aijbe-575	18	70	have	have	VERB
aijbe-575	18	71	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	18	72	final	final	ADJ
aijbe-575	18	73	destination	destination	NOUN
aijbe-575	18	74	as	as	ADP
aijbe-575	18	75	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
aijbe-575	18	76	(	(	PUNCT
aijbe-575	18	77	eselebor	eselebor	PROPN
aijbe-575	18	78	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	18	79	2020	2020	NUM
aijbe-575	18	80	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	18	81	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	19	1	goods	good	NOUN
aijbe-575	19	2	are	be	AUX
aijbe-575	19	3	also	also	ADV
aijbe-575	19	4	routed	route	VERB
aijbe-575	19	5	through	through	ADP
aijbe-575	19	6	balogun	balogun	VERB
aijbe-575	19	7	david	david	PROPN
aijbe-575	19	8	ibukun	ibukun	PROPN
aijbe-575	19	9	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	19	10	prof	prof	NOUN
aijbe-575	19	11	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	20	1	okechukwu	okechukwu	PROPN
aijbe-575	20	2	e.	e.	PROPN
aijbe-575	20	3	u.	u.	PROPN
aijbe-575	20	4	(	(	PUNCT
aijbe-575	20	5	2023	2023	NUM
aijbe-575	20	6	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	20	7	2	2	NUM
aijbe-575	20	8	american	american	ADJ
aijbe-575	20	9	interdisciplinary	interdisciplinary	ADJ
aijbe-575	20	10	journal	journal	NOUN
aijbe-575	20	11	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	20	12	business	business	NOUN
aijbe-575	20	13	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	20	14	economics	economic	NOUN
aijbe-575	20	15	|	|	ADV
aijbe-575	20	16	https://sadijournals.org/index.php/aijbe	https://sadijournals.org/index.php/aijbe	VERB
aijbe-575	20	17	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	20	18	benin	benin	PROPN
aijbe-575	20	19	axis	axis	NOUN
aijbe-575	20	20	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	20	21	order	order	NOUN
aijbe-575	20	22	to	to	PART
aijbe-575	20	23	evade	evade	VERB
aijbe-575	20	24	import	import	NOUN
aijbe-575	20	25	duties	duty	NOUN
aijbe-575	20	26	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	20	27	quality	quality	NOUN
aijbe-575	20	28	assurance	assurance	NOUN
aijbe-575	20	29	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	21	1	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	21	2	government	government	NOUN
aijbe-575	21	3	also	also	ADV
aijbe-575	21	4	maintained	maintain	VERB
aijbe-575	21	5	that	that	SCONJ
aijbe-575	21	6	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	21	7	land	land	NOUN
aijbe-575	21	8	borders	border	NOUN
aijbe-575	21	9	have	have	AUX
aijbe-575	21	10	been	be	AUX
aijbe-575	21	11	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	21	12	channel	channel	NOUN
aijbe-575	21	13	through	through	ADP
aijbe-575	21	14	which	which	PRON
aijbe-575	21	15	illegal	illegal	ADJ
aijbe-575	21	16	arms	arm	NOUN
aijbe-575	21	17	get	get	VERB
aijbe-575	21	18	into	into	ADP
aijbe-575	21	19	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	21	20	country	country	NOUN
aijbe-575	21	21	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	21	22	this	this	PRON
aijbe-575	21	23	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	21	24	therefore	therefore	ADV
aijbe-575	21	25	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	21	26	made	make	VERB
aijbe-575	21	27	combating	combat	VERB
aijbe-575	21	28	insecurity	insecurity	NOUN
aijbe-575	21	29	an	an	DET
aijbe-575	21	30	uphill	uphill	ADJ
aijbe-575	21	31	task	task	NOUN
aijbe-575	21	32	coupled	couple	VERB
aijbe-575	21	33	with	with	ADP
aijbe-575	21	34	being	be	AUX
aijbe-575	21	35	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	21	36	media	medium	NOUN
aijbe-575	21	37	for	for	ADP
aijbe-575	21	38	illegal	illegal	ADJ
aijbe-575	21	39	exporting	exporting	NOUN
aijbe-575	21	40	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	21	41	subsidized	subsidized	ADJ
aijbe-575	21	42	petroleum	petroleum	NOUN
aijbe-575	21	43	products	product	NOUN
aijbe-575	21	44	which	which	PRON
aijbe-575	21	45	has	have	VERB
aijbe-575	21	46	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	21	47	devastating	devastating	ADJ
aijbe-575	21	48	effect	effect	NOUN
aijbe-575	21	49	on	on	ADP
aijbe-575	21	50	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	21	51	economy	economy	NOUN
aijbe-575	21	52	(	(	PUNCT
aijbe-575	21	53	mbaye	mbaye	PROPN
aijbe-575	21	54	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	21	55	golub	golub	PROPN
aijbe-575	21	56	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	21	57	cheihk	cheihk	NOUN
aijbe-575	21	58	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	21	59	2019	2019	NUM
aijbe-575	21	60	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	21	61	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	22	1	despite	despite	SCONJ
aijbe-575	22	2	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	22	3	justification	justification	NOUN
aijbe-575	22	4	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	22	5	this	this	DET
aijbe-575	22	6	policy	policy	NOUN
aijbe-575	22	7	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	22	8	critics	critic	NOUN
aijbe-575	22	9	have	have	AUX
aijbe-575	22	10	maintained	maintain	VERB
aijbe-575	22	11	that	that	SCONJ
aijbe-575	22	12	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
aijbe-575	22	13	is	be	AUX
aijbe-575	22	14	both	both	CCONJ
aijbe-575	22	15	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	22	16	sovereign	sovereign	ADJ
aijbe-575	22	17	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	22	18	developing	develop	VERB
aijbe-575	22	19	country	country	NOUN
aijbe-575	22	20	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	22	21	also	also	ADV
aijbe-575	22	22	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	22	23	member	member	NOUN
aijbe-575	22	24	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	22	25	many	many	ADJ
aijbe-575	22	26	international	international	ADJ
aijbe-575	22	27	organizations	organization	NOUN
aijbe-575	22	28	such	such	ADJ
aijbe-575	22	29	as	as	ADP
aijbe-575	22	30	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	22	31	economic	economic	ADJ
aijbe-575	22	32	community	community	NOUN
aijbe-575	22	33	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	22	34	west	west	ADJ
aijbe-575	22	35	african	african	ADJ
aijbe-575	22	36	states	state	NOUN
aijbe-575	22	37	(	(	PUNCT
aijbe-575	22	38	ecowas	ecowas	PROPN
aijbe-575	22	39	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	22	40	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	22	41	african	african	PROPN
aijbe-575	22	42	union	union	PROPN
aijbe-575	22	43	(	(	PUNCT
aijbe-575	22	44	au	au	PROPN
aijbe-575	22	45	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	22	46	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	22	47	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	22	48	world	world	NOUN
aijbe-575	22	49	trade	trade	NOUN
aijbe-575	22	50	organisation	organisation	NOUN
aijbe-575	22	51	(	(	PUNCT
aijbe-575	22	52	wto	wto	PROPN
aijbe-575	22	53	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	22	54	which	which	PRON
aijbe-575	22	55	support	support	VERB
aijbe-575	22	56	free	free	ADJ
aijbe-575	22	57	trade	trade	NOUN
aijbe-575	22	58	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	22	59	that	that	SCONJ
aijbe-575	22	60	she	she	PRON
aijbe-575	22	61	also	also	ADV
aijbe-575	22	62	signed	sign	VERB
aijbe-575	22	63	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	22	64	free	free	ADJ
aijbe-575	22	65	trade	trade	NOUN
aijbe-575	22	66	agreement	agreement	NOUN
aijbe-575	22	67	as	as	ADP
aijbe-575	22	68	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	22	69	member	member	NOUN
aijbe-575	22	70	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	22	71	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	22	72	african	african	PROPN
aijbe-575	22	73	continental	continental	PROPN
aijbe-575	22	74	free	free	PROPN
aijbe-575	22	75	trade	trade	PROPN
aijbe-575	22	76	area	area	NOUN
aijbe-575	22	77	(	(	PUNCT
aijbe-575	22	78	aftfca	aftfca	PROPN
aijbe-575	22	79	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	22	80	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	23	1	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	23	2	light	light	NOUN
aijbe-575	23	3	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	23	4	this	this	PRON
aijbe-575	23	5	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	23	6	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	23	7	policy	policy	NOUN
aijbe-575	23	8	was	be	AUX
aijbe-575	23	9	viewed	view	VERB
aijbe-575	23	10	by	by	ADP
aijbe-575	23	11	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	23	12	critics	critic	NOUN
aijbe-575	23	13	as	as	ADP
aijbe-575	23	14	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	23	15	violation	violation	NOUN
aijbe-575	23	16	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	23	17	agreements	agreement	NOUN
aijbe-575	23	18	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	23	19	these	these	DET
aijbe-575	23	20	international	international	ADJ
aijbe-575	23	21	organisations	organisation	NOUN
aijbe-575	23	22	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	23	23	most	most	ADV
aijbe-575	23	24	especially	especially	ADV
aijbe-575	23	25	just	just	ADV
aijbe-575	23	26	signed	sign	VERB
aijbe-575	23	27	aftfca	aftfca	NOUN
aijbe-575	23	28	as	as	SCONJ
aijbe-575	23	29	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	23	30	tenets	tenet	NOUN
aijbe-575	23	31	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	23	32	these	these	DET
aijbe-575	23	33	organisations	organisation	NOUN
aijbe-575	23	34	contradict	contradict	VERB
aijbe-575	23	35	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	23	36	operation	operation	NOUN
aijbe-575	23	37	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	23	38	trade	trade	NOUN
aijbe-575	23	39	protectionism	protectionism	NOUN
aijbe-575	23	40	(	(	PUNCT
aijbe-575	23	41	kolawole	kolawole	NOUN
aijbe-575	23	42	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	23	43	ojelade	ojelade	NOUN
aijbe-575	23	44	&	&	CCONJ
aijbe-575	23	45	mosobalaje	mosobalaje	PROPN
aijbe-575	23	46	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	23	47	2020	2020	NUM
aijbe-575	23	48	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	23	49	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	24	1	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	24	2	critics	critic	NOUN
aijbe-575	24	3	also	also	ADV
aijbe-575	24	4	maintained	maintain	VERB
aijbe-575	24	5	that	that	SCONJ
aijbe-575	24	6	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	24	7	world	world	NOUN
aijbe-575	24	8	economy	economy	NOUN
aijbe-575	24	9	has	have	AUX
aijbe-575	24	10	become	become	AUX
aijbe-575	24	11	increasingly	increasingly	ADV
aijbe-575	24	12	linked	link	VERB
aijbe-575	24	13	through	through	ADP
aijbe-575	24	14	expanded	expand	VERB
aijbe-575	24	15	international	international	ADJ
aijbe-575	24	16	trade	trade	NOUN
aijbe-575	24	17	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	24	18	services	service	NOUN
aijbe-575	24	19	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	24	20	primary	primary	ADJ
aijbe-575	24	21	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	24	22	manufactured	manufactured	ADJ
aijbe-575	24	23	goods	good	NOUN
aijbe-575	24	24	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	24	25	international	international	ADJ
aijbe-575	24	26	portfolio	portfolio	NOUN
aijbe-575	24	27	investments	investment	NOUN
aijbe-575	24	28	thereby	thereby	ADV
aijbe-575	24	29	encouraging	encourage	VERB
aijbe-575	24	30	importing	import	VERB
aijbe-575	24	31	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	24	32	exporting	exporting	NOUN
aijbe-575	24	33	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	24	34	these	these	DET
aijbe-575	24	35	goods	good	NOUN
aijbe-575	24	36	among	among	ADP
aijbe-575	24	37	nations	nation	NOUN
aijbe-575	24	38	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	24	39	that	that	SCONJ
aijbe-575	24	40	closing	close	VERB
aijbe-575	24	41	these	these	DET
aijbe-575	24	42	borders	border	NOUN
aijbe-575	24	43	would	would	AUX
aijbe-575	24	44	only	only	ADV
aijbe-575	24	45	mean	mean	VERB
aijbe-575	24	46	dragging	drag	VERB
aijbe-575	24	47	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	24	48	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
aijbe-575	24	49	economy	economy	NOUN
aijbe-575	24	50	back	back	ADV
aijbe-575	24	51	to	to	ADP
aijbe-575	24	52	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	24	53	stone	stone	NOUN
aijbe-575	24	54	age	age	NOUN
aijbe-575	24	55	(	(	PUNCT
aijbe-575	24	56	ugwuja	ugwuja	NOUN
aijbe-575	24	57	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	24	58	chukwukere	chukwukere	ADJ
aijbe-575	24	59	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	24	60	2021	2021	NUM
aijbe-575	24	61	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	24	62	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	25	1	despite	despite	SCONJ
aijbe-575	25	2	these	these	DET
aijbe-575	25	3	arguments	argument	NOUN
aijbe-575	25	4	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	25	5	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	25	6	federal	federal	ADJ
aijbe-575	25	7	government	government	NOUN
aijbe-575	25	8	has	have	AUX
aijbe-575	25	9	maintained	maintain	VERB
aijbe-575	25	10	that	that	SCONJ
aijbe-575	25	11	no	no	DET
aijbe-575	25	12	criticism	criticism	NOUN
aijbe-575	25	13	can	can	AUX
aijbe-575	25	14	sufficiently	sufficiently	ADV
aijbe-575	25	15	supersede	supersede	VERB
aijbe-575	25	16	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	25	17	issue	issue	NOUN
aijbe-575	25	18	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	25	19	insecurity	insecurity	NOUN
aijbe-575	25	20	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	25	21	unemployment	unemployment	NOUN
aijbe-575	25	22	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	25	23	protection	protection	NOUN
aijbe-575	25	24	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	25	25	local	local	ADJ
aijbe-575	25	26	manufacturing	manufacturing	NOUN
aijbe-575	25	27	industries	industry	NOUN
aijbe-575	25	28	which	which	PRON
aijbe-575	25	29	dominates	dominate	VERB
aijbe-575	25	30	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	25	31	manufacturing	manufacturing	NOUN
aijbe-575	25	32	sector	sector	NOUN
aijbe-575	25	33	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	25	34	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	25	35	economy	economy	NOUN
aijbe-575	25	36	as	as	ADP
aijbe-575	25	37	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	25	38	whole	whole	NOUN
aijbe-575	25	39	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	26	1	“	"	PUNCT
aijbe-575	26	2	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
aijbe-575	26	3	’s	’s	PART
aijbe-575	26	4	trade	trade	NOUN
aijbe-575	26	5	policy	policy	NOUN
aijbe-575	26	6	has	have	AUX
aijbe-575	26	7	moved	move	VERB
aijbe-575	26	8	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	26	9	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	26	10	heavily	heavily	ADV
aijbe-575	26	11	protectionist	protectionist	ADJ
aijbe-575	26	12	direction	direction	NOUN
aijbe-575	26	13	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	26	14	with	with	ADP
aijbe-575	26	15	an	an	DET
aijbe-575	26	16	escalation	escalation	NOUN
aijbe-575	26	17	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	26	18	import	import	NOUN
aijbe-575	26	19	restrictions	restriction	NOUN
aijbe-575	26	20	through	through	ADP
aijbe-575	26	21	higher	high	ADJ
aijbe-575	26	22	tariffs	tariff	NOUN
aijbe-575	26	23	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	26	24	levies	levy	NOUN
aijbe-575	26	25	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	26	26	import	import	NOUN
aijbe-575	26	27	bans	ban	NOUN
aijbe-575	26	28	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	26	29	foreign	foreign	ADJ
aijbe-575	26	30	exchange	exchange	NOUN
aijbe-575	26	31	limitations	limitation	NOUN
aijbe-575	26	32	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	26	33	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	26	34	border	border	NOUN
aijbe-575	26	35	closures	closure	NOUN
aijbe-575	26	36	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	27	1	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	27	2	2015	2015	NUM
aijbe-575	27	3	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	27	4	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	27	5	central	central	ADJ
aijbe-575	27	6	bank	bank	PROPN
aijbe-575	27	7	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	27	8	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
aijbe-575	27	9	announced	announce	VERB
aijbe-575	27	10	restrictions	restriction	NOUN
aijbe-575	27	11	on	on	ADP
aijbe-575	27	12	access	access	NOUN
aijbe-575	27	13	to	to	ADP
aijbe-575	27	14	foreign	foreign	ADJ
aijbe-575	27	15	exchange	exchange	NOUN
aijbe-575	27	16	for	for	ADP
aijbe-575	27	17	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	27	18	importation	importation	NOUN
aijbe-575	27	19	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	27	20	certain	certain	ADJ
aijbe-575	27	21	products	product	NOUN
aijbe-575	27	22	that	that	PRON
aijbe-575	27	23	could	could	AUX
aijbe-575	27	24	be	be	AUX
aijbe-575	27	25	produced	produce	VERB
aijbe-575	27	26	locally	locally	ADV
aijbe-575	27	27	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	27	28	with	with	ADP
aijbe-575	27	29	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	27	30	aim	aim	NOUN
aijbe-575	27	31	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	27	32	bolstering	bolster	VERB
aijbe-575	27	33	foreign	foreign	ADJ
aijbe-575	27	34	exchange	exchange	NOUN
aijbe-575	27	35	reserves	reserve	NOUN
aijbe-575	27	36	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	27	37	supporting	support	VERB
aijbe-575	27	38	domestic	domestic	ADJ
aijbe-575	27	39	industries	industry	NOUN
aijbe-575	27	40	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	28	1	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	28	2	border	border	NOUN
aijbe-575	28	3	closure	closure	NOUN
aijbe-575	28	4	was	be	AUX
aijbe-575	28	5	accompanied	accompany	VERB
aijbe-575	28	6	by	by	ADP
aijbe-575	28	7	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	28	8	significant	significant	ADJ
aijbe-575	28	9	rise	rise	NOUN
aijbe-575	28	10	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	28	11	inflation	inflation	NOUN
aijbe-575	28	12	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	28	13	especially	especially	ADV
aijbe-575	28	14	for	for	ADP
aijbe-575	28	15	food	food	NOUN
aijbe-575	28	16	products	product	NOUN
aijbe-575	28	17	that	that	PRON
aijbe-575	28	18	are	be	AUX
aijbe-575	28	19	affected	affect	VERB
aijbe-575	28	20	by	by	ADP
aijbe-575	28	21	foreign	foreign	ADJ
aijbe-575	28	22	exchange	exchange	NOUN
aijbe-575	28	23	restrictions	restriction	NOUN
aijbe-575	28	24	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	29	1	despite	despite	SCONJ
aijbe-575	29	2	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	29	3	seemingly	seemingly	ADV
aijbe-575	29	4	high	high	ADJ
aijbe-575	29	5	rate	rate	NOUN
aijbe-575	29	6	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	29	7	trade	trade	NOUN
aijbe-575	29	8	protectionist	protectionist	ADJ
aijbe-575	29	9	policy	policy	NOUN
aijbe-575	29	10	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	29	11	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
aijbe-575	29	12	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	29	13	economic	economic	ADJ
aijbe-575	29	14	development	development	NOUN
aijbe-575	29	15	has	have	AUX
aijbe-575	29	16	been	be	AUX
aijbe-575	29	17	relatively	relatively	ADV
aijbe-575	29	18	low	low	ADJ
aijbe-575	29	19	(	(	PUNCT
aijbe-575	29	20	vagianou	vagianou	NOUN
aijbe-575	29	21	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	29	22	2016	2016	NUM
aijbe-575	29	23	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	29	24	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	30	1	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	30	2	study	study	NOUN
aijbe-575	30	3	is	be	AUX
aijbe-575	30	4	being	be	AUX
aijbe-575	30	5	carried	carry	VERB
aijbe-575	30	6	out	out	ADP
aijbe-575	30	7	to	to	PART
aijbe-575	30	8	examine	examine	VERB
aijbe-575	30	9	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	30	10	effect	effect	NOUN
aijbe-575	30	11	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	30	12	protectionist	protectionist	ADJ
aijbe-575	30	13	policies	policy	NOUN
aijbe-575	30	14	on	on	ADP
aijbe-575	30	15	economic	economic	ADJ
aijbe-575	30	16	development	development	NOUN
aijbe-575	30	17	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	31	1	1.2	1.2	NUM
aijbe-575	31	2	statement	statement	NOUN
aijbe-575	31	3	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	31	4	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	31	5	problem	problem	NOUN
aijbe-575	31	6	protectionism	protectionism	NOUN
aijbe-575	31	7	or	or	CCONJ
aijbe-575	31	8	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	31	9	use	use	NOUN
aijbe-575	31	10	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	31	11	tariffs	tariff	NOUN
aijbe-575	31	12	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	31	13	subsidies	subsidy	NOUN
aijbe-575	31	14	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	31	15	import	import	NOUN
aijbe-575	31	16	quotas	quota	NOUN
aijbe-575	31	17	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	31	18	other	other	ADJ
aijbe-575	31	19	trade	trade	NOUN
aijbe-575	31	20	restrictive	restrictive	ADJ
aijbe-575	31	21	policies	policy	NOUN
aijbe-575	31	22	to	to	PART
aijbe-575	31	23	protect	protect	VERB
aijbe-575	31	24	domestic	domestic	ADJ
aijbe-575	31	25	industries	industry	NOUN
aijbe-575	31	26	is	be	AUX
aijbe-575	31	27	fast	fast	ADV
aijbe-575	31	28	increasing	increase	VERB
aijbe-575	31	29	on	on	ADP
aijbe-575	31	30	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	31	31	global	global	ADJ
aijbe-575	31	32	landscape	landscape	NOUN
aijbe-575	31	33	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	31	34	prompting	prompt	VERB
aijbe-575	31	35	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	31	36	major	major	ADJ
aijbe-575	31	37	shift	shift	NOUN
aijbe-575	31	38	away	away	ADV
aijbe-575	31	39	from	from	ADP
aijbe-575	31	40	global	global	ADJ
aijbe-575	31	41	free	free	ADJ
aijbe-575	31	42	trade	trade	NOUN
aijbe-575	31	43	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	32	1	between	between	ADP
aijbe-575	32	2	2009	2009	NUM
aijbe-575	32	3	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	32	4	2015	2015	NUM
aijbe-575	32	5	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	32	6	over	over	ADP
aijbe-575	32	7	6,000	6,000	NUM
aijbe-575	32	8	new	new	ADJ
aijbe-575	32	9	protectionist	protectionist	ADJ
aijbe-575	32	10	measures	measure	NOUN
aijbe-575	32	11	were	be	AUX
aijbe-575	32	12	implemented	implement	VERB
aijbe-575	32	13	globally	globally	ADV
aijbe-575	32	14	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	32	15	as	as	SCONJ
aijbe-575	32	16	opposed	oppose	VERB
aijbe-575	32	17	to	to	ADP
aijbe-575	32	18	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	32	19	2,500	2,500	NUM
aijbe-575	32	20	policies	policy	NOUN
aijbe-575	32	21	that	that	PRON
aijbe-575	32	22	support	support	VERB
aijbe-575	32	23	free	free	ADJ
aijbe-575	32	24	trade	trade	NOUN
aijbe-575	32	25	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	32	26	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
aijbe-575	32	27	inclusive	inclusive	PROPN
aijbe-575	32	28	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	33	1	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
aijbe-575	33	2	has	have	AUX
aijbe-575	33	3	continued	continue	VERB
aijbe-575	33	4	to	to	PART
aijbe-575	33	5	experience	experience	VERB
aijbe-575	33	6	underdevelopment	underdevelopment	NOUN
aijbe-575	33	7	despite	despite	SCONJ
aijbe-575	33	8	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	33	9	economic	economic	ADJ
aijbe-575	33	10	growth	growth	NOUN
aijbe-575	33	11	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	33	12	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	33	13	early	early	ADJ
aijbe-575	33	14	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	33	15	late	late	ADJ
aijbe-575	33	16	sixties	sixty	NOUN
aijbe-575	33	17	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	34	1	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	34	2	crisis	crisis	NOUN
aijbe-575	34	3	is	be	AUX
aijbe-575	34	4	evidenced	evidence	VERB
aijbe-575	34	5	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	34	6	low	low	ADJ
aijbe-575	34	7	productivity	productivity	NOUN
aijbe-575	34	8	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	34	9	high	high	ADJ
aijbe-575	34	10	rates	rate	NOUN
aijbe-575	34	11	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	34	12	inflation	inflation	NOUN
aijbe-575	34	13	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	34	14	high	high	ADJ
aijbe-575	34	15	rates	rate	NOUN
aijbe-575	34	16	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	34	17	unemployment	unemployment	NOUN
aijbe-575	34	18	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	34	19	deterioration	deterioration	NOUN
aijbe-575	34	20	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	34	21	standard	standard	NOUN
aijbe-575	34	22	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	34	23	living	living	NOUN
aijbe-575	34	24	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	34	25	huge	huge	ADJ
aijbe-575	34	26	external	external	ADJ
aijbe-575	34	27	debts	debt	NOUN
aijbe-575	34	28	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	34	29	social	social	ADJ
aijbe-575	34	30	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	34	31	political	political	ADJ
aijbe-575	34	32	chaos	chaos	NOUN
aijbe-575	34	33	etc	etc	X
aijbe-575	34	34	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	35	1	governments	government	NOUN
aijbe-575	35	2	often	often	ADV
aijbe-575	35	3	implement	implement	VERB
aijbe-575	35	4	protectionist	protectionist	ADJ
aijbe-575	35	5	policies	policy	NOUN
aijbe-575	35	6	with	with	ADP
aijbe-575	35	7	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	35	8	view	view	NOUN
aijbe-575	35	9	to	to	ADP
aijbe-575	35	10	improving	improve	VERB
aijbe-575	35	11	national	national	ADJ
aijbe-575	35	12	economic	economic	ADJ
aijbe-575	35	13	activities	activity	NOUN
aijbe-575	35	14	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	35	15	but	but	CCONJ
aijbe-575	35	16	such	such	ADJ
aijbe-575	35	17	policies	policy	NOUN
aijbe-575	35	18	has	have	AUX
aijbe-575	35	19	triggered	trigger	VERB
aijbe-575	35	20	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	35	21	ripple	ripple	NOUN
aijbe-575	35	22	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	35	23	negative	negative	ADJ
aijbe-575	35	24	consequences	consequence	NOUN
aijbe-575	35	25	for	for	ADP
aijbe-575	35	26	both	both	CCONJ
aijbe-575	35	27	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	35	28	individual	individual	ADJ
aijbe-575	35	29	countries	country	NOUN
aijbe-575	35	30	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	35	31	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	35	32	global	global	ADJ
aijbe-575	35	33	economy	economy	NOUN
aijbe-575	35	34	as	as	ADP
aijbe-575	35	35	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	35	36	whole	whole	NOUN
aijbe-575	35	37	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	36	1	amongst	amongst	ADP
aijbe-575	36	2	others	other	NOUN
aijbe-575	36	3	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	36	4	protectionism	protectionism	NOUN
aijbe-575	36	5	stifles	stifle	VERB
aijbe-575	36	6	innovation	innovation	NOUN
aijbe-575	36	7	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	36	8	competition	competition	NOUN
aijbe-575	36	9	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	36	10	reduces	reduce	VERB
aijbe-575	36	11	consumer	consumer	NOUN
aijbe-575	36	12	spending	spending	NOUN
aijbe-575	36	13	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	36	14	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	36	15	triggers	trigger	VERB
aijbe-575	36	16	trade	trade	NOUN
aijbe-575	36	17	wars	war	NOUN
aijbe-575	36	18	among	among	ADP
aijbe-575	36	19	nations	nation	NOUN
aijbe-575	36	20	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	36	21	leading	lead	VERB
aijbe-575	36	22	to	to	ADP
aijbe-575	36	23	stagnation	stagnation	NOUN
aijbe-575	36	24	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	36	25	economic	economic	ADJ
aijbe-575	36	26	growth	growth	NOUN
aijbe-575	36	27	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	37	1	1.3	1.3	NUM
aijbe-575	37	2	objectives	objective	NOUN
aijbe-575	37	3	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	37	4	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	37	5	study	study	NOUN
aijbe-575	37	6	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	37	7	general	general	ADJ
aijbe-575	37	8	objective	objective	NOUN
aijbe-575	37	9	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	37	10	this	this	DET
aijbe-575	37	11	study	study	NOUN
aijbe-575	37	12	is	be	AUX
aijbe-575	37	13	to	to	PART
aijbe-575	37	14	determine	determine	VERB
aijbe-575	37	15	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	37	16	effect	effect	NOUN
aijbe-575	37	17	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	37	18	protectionist	protectionist	ADJ
aijbe-575	37	19	policies	policy	NOUN
aijbe-575	37	20	on	on	ADP
aijbe-575	37	21	economic	economic	ADJ
aijbe-575	37	22	development	development	NOUN
aijbe-575	37	23	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	37	24	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
aijbe-575	37	25	while	while	SCONJ
aijbe-575	37	26	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	37	27	specific	specific	ADJ
aijbe-575	37	28	objectives	objective	NOUN
aijbe-575	37	29	are	be	AUX
aijbe-575	37	30	to	to	PART
aijbe-575	37	31	:	:	PUNCT
aijbe-575	37	32	i.	i.	NOUN
aijbe-575	37	33	examine	examine	VERB
aijbe-575	37	34	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	37	35	existence	existence	NOUN
aijbe-575	37	36	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	37	37	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	37	38	long	long	ADV
aijbe-575	37	39	-	-	PUNCT
aijbe-575	37	40	run	run	NOUN
aijbe-575	37	41	relationship	relationship	NOUN
aijbe-575	37	42	between	between	ADP
aijbe-575	37	43	trade	trade	NOUN
aijbe-575	37	44	openness	openness	NOUN
aijbe-575	37	45	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	37	46	economic	economic	ADJ
aijbe-575	37	47	development	development	NOUN
aijbe-575	37	48	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	37	49	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
aijbe-575	37	50	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	38	1	ii	ii	PROPN
aijbe-575	38	2	.	.	PROPN
aijbe-575	38	3	evaluate	evaluate	VERB
aijbe-575	38	4	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	38	5	effect	effect	NOUN
aijbe-575	38	6	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	38	7	trade	trade	NOUN
aijbe-575	38	8	openness	openness	NOUN
aijbe-575	38	9	on	on	ADP
aijbe-575	38	10	economic	economic	ADJ
aijbe-575	38	11	development	development	NOUN
aijbe-575	38	12	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	38	13	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
aijbe-575	38	14	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	39	1	iii	iii	X
aijbe-575	39	2	.	.	PROPN
aijbe-575	39	3	evaluate	evaluate	VERB
aijbe-575	39	4	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	39	5	effect	effect	NOUN
aijbe-575	39	6	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	39	7	import	import	NOUN
aijbe-575	39	8	tariffs	tariff	NOUN
aijbe-575	39	9	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	39	10	exchange	exchange	NOUN
aijbe-575	39	11	rates	rate	NOUN
aijbe-575	39	12	on	on	ADP
aijbe-575	39	13	economic	economic	ADJ
aijbe-575	39	14	development	development	NOUN
aijbe-575	39	15	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	39	16	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
aijbe-575	39	17	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	40	1	balogun	balogun	VERB
aijbe-575	40	2	david	david	PROPN
aijbe-575	40	3	ibukun	ibukun	PROPN
aijbe-575	40	4	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	40	5	prof	prof	NOUN
aijbe-575	40	6	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	41	1	okechukwu	okechukwu	PROPN
aijbe-575	41	2	e.	e.	PROPN
aijbe-575	41	3	u.	u.	PROPN
aijbe-575	41	4	(	(	PUNCT
aijbe-575	41	5	2023	2023	NUM
aijbe-575	41	6	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	41	7	3	3	NUM
aijbe-575	41	8	american	american	ADJ
aijbe-575	41	9	interdisciplinary	interdisciplinary	ADJ
aijbe-575	41	10	journal	journal	NOUN
aijbe-575	41	11	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	41	12	business	business	NOUN
aijbe-575	41	13	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	41	14	economics	economic	NOUN
aijbe-575	41	15	|	|	ADV
aijbe-575	41	16	https://sadijournals.org/index.php/aijbe	https://sadijournals.org/index.php/aijbe	VERB
aijbe-575	41	17	1.4	1.4	NUM
aijbe-575	41	18	statement	statement	NOUN
aijbe-575	41	19	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	41	20	hypotheses	hypothesis	NOUN
aijbe-575	41	21	i.	i.	ADV
aijbe-575	41	22	there	there	PRON
aijbe-575	41	23	is	be	VERB
aijbe-575	41	24	no	no	DET
aijbe-575	41	25	existing	exist	VERB
aijbe-575	41	26	long	long	ADJ
aijbe-575	41	27	-	-	PUNCT
aijbe-575	41	28	run	run	NOUN
aijbe-575	41	29	relationship	relationship	NOUN
aijbe-575	41	30	between	between	ADP
aijbe-575	41	31	protectionist	protectionist	ADJ
aijbe-575	41	32	policies	policy	NOUN
aijbe-575	41	33	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	41	34	economic	economic	ADJ
aijbe-575	41	35	development	development	NOUN
aijbe-575	41	36	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	41	37	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
aijbe-575	41	38	ii	ii	PROPN
aijbe-575	41	39	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	42	1	there	there	PRON
aijbe-575	42	2	is	be	VERB
aijbe-575	42	3	no	no	DET
aijbe-575	42	4	significant	significant	ADJ
aijbe-575	42	5	effect	effect	NOUN
aijbe-575	42	6	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	42	7	trade	trade	NOUN
aijbe-575	42	8	openness	openness	NOUN
aijbe-575	42	9	on	on	ADP
aijbe-575	42	10	economic	economic	ADJ
aijbe-575	42	11	development	development	NOUN
aijbe-575	42	12	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	42	13	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
aijbe-575	42	14	iii	iii	PROPN
aijbe-575	42	15	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	43	1	there	there	PRON
aijbe-575	43	2	are	be	VERB
aijbe-575	43	3	no	no	DET
aijbe-575	43	4	significant	significant	ADJ
aijbe-575	43	5	effects	effect	NOUN
aijbe-575	43	6	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	43	7	import	import	NOUN
aijbe-575	43	8	tariffs	tariff	NOUN
aijbe-575	43	9	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	43	10	exchange	exchange	NOUN
aijbe-575	43	11	rates	rate	NOUN
aijbe-575	43	12	on	on	ADP
aijbe-575	43	13	economic	economic	ADJ
aijbe-575	43	14	development	development	NOUN
aijbe-575	43	15	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	43	16	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
aijbe-575	43	17	review	review	PROPN
aijbe-575	43	18	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	43	19	related	related	ADJ
aijbe-575	43	20	literature	literature	NOUN
aijbe-575	43	21	2.1	2.1	NUM
aijbe-575	43	22	conceptual	conceptual	ADJ
aijbe-575	43	23	review	review	NOUN
aijbe-575	43	24	2.1.1	2.1.1	NUM
aijbe-575	43	25	protectionist	protectionist	ADJ
aijbe-575	43	26	policies	policy	NOUN
aijbe-575	43	27	protectionism	protectionism	NOUN
aijbe-575	43	28	consists	consist	VERB
aijbe-575	43	29	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	43	30	managing	manage	VERB
aijbe-575	43	31	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	43	32	international	international	ADJ
aijbe-575	43	33	exchanges	exchange	NOUN
aijbe-575	43	34	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	43	35	goods	good	NOUN
aijbe-575	43	36	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	43	37	services	service	NOUN
aijbe-575	43	38	between	between	ADP
aijbe-575	43	39	national	national	ADJ
aijbe-575	43	40	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	43	41	regional	regional	ADJ
aijbe-575	43	42	economies	economy	NOUN
aijbe-575	43	43	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	44	1	this	this	PRON
aijbe-575	44	2	falls	fall	VERB
aijbe-575	44	3	into	into	ADP
aijbe-575	44	4	regulation	regulation	NOUN
aijbe-575	44	5	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	44	6	imports	import	NOUN
aijbe-575	44	7	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	44	8	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	44	9	management	management	NOUN
aijbe-575	44	10	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	44	11	exports	export	NOUN
aijbe-575	44	12	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	44	13	which	which	PRON
aijbe-575	44	14	itself	itself	PRON
aijbe-575	44	15	is	be	AUX
aijbe-575	44	16	divided	divide	VERB
aijbe-575	44	17	into	into	ADP
aijbe-575	44	18	export	export	NOUN
aijbe-575	44	19	promotion	promotion	NOUN
aijbe-575	44	20	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	44	21	import	import	NOUN
aijbe-575	44	22	controls	control	NOUN
aijbe-575	44	23	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	45	1	trade	trade	NOUN
aijbe-575	45	2	restrictions	restriction	NOUN
aijbe-575	45	3	are	be	AUX
aijbe-575	45	4	designed	design	VERB
aijbe-575	45	5	to	to	PART
aijbe-575	45	6	protect	protect	VERB
aijbe-575	45	7	domestic	domestic	ADJ
aijbe-575	45	8	interests	interest	NOUN
aijbe-575	45	9	threatened	threaten	VERB
aijbe-575	45	10	by	by	ADP
aijbe-575	45	11	foreign	foreign	ADJ
aijbe-575	45	12	competition	competition	NOUN
aijbe-575	45	13	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	46	1	as	as	ADP
aijbe-575	46	2	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	46	3	result	result	NOUN
aijbe-575	46	4	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	46	5	national	national	ADJ
aijbe-575	46	6	governments	government	NOUN
aijbe-575	46	7	have	have	AUX
aijbe-575	46	8	resorted	resort	VERB
aijbe-575	46	9	to	to	ADP
aijbe-575	46	10	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	46	11	growing	grow	VERB
aijbe-575	46	12	range	range	NOUN
aijbe-575	46	13	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	46	14	measures	measure	NOUN
aijbe-575	46	15	aimed	aim	VERB
aijbe-575	46	16	at	at	ADP
aijbe-575	46	17	supporting	support	VERB
aijbe-575	46	18	both	both	CCONJ
aijbe-575	46	19	small	small	ADJ
aijbe-575	46	20	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	46	21	large	large	ADJ
aijbe-575	46	22	exporting	export	VERB
aijbe-575	46	23	companies	company	NOUN
aijbe-575	46	24	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	46	25	whether	whether	SCONJ
aijbe-575	46	26	through	through	ADP
aijbe-575	46	27	technical	technical	ADJ
aijbe-575	46	28	assistance	assistance	NOUN
aijbe-575	46	29	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	46	30	or	or	CCONJ
aijbe-575	46	31	trade	trade	NOUN
aijbe-575	46	32	incentive	incentive	NOUN
aijbe-575	46	33	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	47	1	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	47	2	protectionist	protectionist	ADJ
aijbe-575	47	3	trade	trade	NOUN
aijbe-575	47	4	policy	policy	NOUN
aijbe-575	47	5	allows	allow	VERB
aijbe-575	47	6	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	47	7	government	government	NOUN
aijbe-575	47	8	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	47	9	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	47	10	country	country	NOUN
aijbe-575	47	11	to	to	PART
aijbe-575	47	12	promote	promote	VERB
aijbe-575	47	13	domestic	domestic	ADJ
aijbe-575	47	14	producers	producer	NOUN
aijbe-575	47	15	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	47	16	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	47	17	thereby	thereby	ADV
aijbe-575	47	18	boost	boost	VERB
aijbe-575	47	19	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	47	20	domestic	domestic	ADJ
aijbe-575	47	21	production	production	NOUN
aijbe-575	47	22	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	47	23	goods	good	NOUN
aijbe-575	47	24	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	47	25	services	service	NOUN
aijbe-575	47	26	by	by	ADP
aijbe-575	47	27	imposing	impose	VERB
aijbe-575	47	28	tariffs	tariff	NOUN
aijbe-575	47	29	or	or	CCONJ
aijbe-575	47	30	otherwise	otherwise	ADV
aijbe-575	47	31	limiting	limit	VERB
aijbe-575	47	32	foreign	foreign	ADJ
aijbe-575	47	33	goods	good	NOUN
aijbe-575	47	34	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	47	35	services	service	NOUN
aijbe-575	47	36	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	47	37	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	47	38	marketplace	marketplace	NOUN
aijbe-575	47	39	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	48	1	(	(	PUNCT
aijbe-575	48	2	cfi	cfi	NOUN
aijbe-575	48	3	team	team	NOUN
aijbe-575	48	4	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	48	5	2019	2019	NUM
aijbe-575	48	6	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	48	7	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	49	1	types	type	NOUN
aijbe-575	49	2	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	49	3	protectionism	protectionism	NOUN
aijbe-575	49	4	protectionist	protectionist	NOUN
aijbe-575	49	5	policies	policy	NOUN
aijbe-575	49	6	come	come	VERB
aijbe-575	49	7	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	49	8	different	different	ADJ
aijbe-575	49	9	forms	form	NOUN
aijbe-575	49	10	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	49	11	including	include	VERB
aijbe-575	49	12	:	:	PUNCT
aijbe-575	49	13	1	1	X
aijbe-575	49	14	.	.	X
aijbe-575	49	15	tariffs	tariff	NOUN
aijbe-575	49	16	:	:	PUNCT
aijbe-575	49	17	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	49	18	taxes	taxis	NOUN
aijbe-575	49	19	or	or	CCONJ
aijbe-575	49	20	duties	duty	NOUN
aijbe-575	49	21	imposed	impose	VERB
aijbe-575	49	22	on	on	ADP
aijbe-575	49	23	imports	import	NOUN
aijbe-575	49	24	are	be	AUX
aijbe-575	49	25	known	know	VERB
aijbe-575	49	26	as	as	ADP
aijbe-575	49	27	tariffs	tariff	NOUN
aijbe-575	49	28	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	50	1	tariffs	tariff	NOUN
aijbe-575	50	2	increase	increase	VERB
aijbe-575	50	3	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	50	4	price	price	NOUN
aijbe-575	50	5	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	50	6	imported	import	VERB
aijbe-575	50	7	goods	good	NOUN
aijbe-575	50	8	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	50	9	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	50	10	domestic	domestic	ADJ
aijbe-575	50	11	market	market	NOUN
aijbe-575	50	12	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	50	13	which	which	PRON
aijbe-575	50	14	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	50	15	consequently	consequently	ADV
aijbe-575	50	16	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	50	17	reduces	reduce	VERB
aijbe-575	50	18	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	50	19	demand	demand	NOUN
aijbe-575	50	20	for	for	ADP
aijbe-575	50	21	them	they	PRON
aijbe-575	50	22	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	51	1	consider	consider	VERB
aijbe-575	51	2	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	51	3	following	follow	VERB
aijbe-575	51	4	example	example	NOUN
aijbe-575	51	5	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	51	6	which	which	PRON
aijbe-575	51	7	analyzes	analyze	VERB
aijbe-575	51	8	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	51	9	uk	uk	PROPN
aijbe-575	51	10	market	market	NOUN
aijbe-575	51	11	for	for	ADP
aijbe-575	51	12	us	we	PRON
aijbe-575	51	13	-	-	PUNCT
aijbe-575	51	14	made	make	VERB
aijbe-575	51	15	shoes	shoe	NOUN
aijbe-575	51	16	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	52	1	due	due	ADP
aijbe-575	52	2	to	to	ADP
aijbe-575	52	3	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	52	4	imposition	imposition	NOUN
aijbe-575	52	5	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	52	6	tariffs	tariff	NOUN
aijbe-575	52	7	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	52	8	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	52	9	price	price	NOUN
aijbe-575	52	10	for	for	ADP
aijbe-575	52	11	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	52	12	product	product	NOUN
aijbe-575	52	13	increases	increase	VERB
aijbe-575	52	14	from	from	ADP
aijbe-575	52	15	gbp100	gbp100	PROPN
aijbe-575	52	16	(	(	PUNCT
aijbe-575	52	17	p1	p1	PROPN
aijbe-575	52	18	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	52	19	to	to	ADP
aijbe-575	52	20	gbp120	gbp120	PROPN
aijbe-575	52	21	(	(	PUNCT
aijbe-575	52	22	p2	p2	PROPN
aijbe-575	52	23	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	52	24	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	53	1	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	53	2	demand	demand	NOUN
aijbe-575	53	3	for	for	ADP
aijbe-575	53	4	us	we	PRON
aijbe-575	53	5	-	-	PUNCT
aijbe-575	53	6	made	make	VERB
aijbe-575	53	7	shoes	shoe	NOUN
aijbe-575	53	8	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	53	9	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	53	10	uk	uk	PROPN
aijbe-575	53	11	market	market	NOUN
aijbe-575	53	12	decreases	decrease	NOUN
aijbe-575	53	13	(	(	PUNCT
aijbe-575	53	14	from	from	ADP
aijbe-575	53	15	q2	q2	NOUN
aijbe-575	53	16	to	to	ADP
aijbe-575	53	17	q4	q4	PROPN
aijbe-575	53	18	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	53	19	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	54	1	2	2	X
aijbe-575	54	2	.	.	X
aijbe-575	54	3	quotas	quota	NOUN
aijbe-575	54	4	:	:	PUNCT
aijbe-575	54	5	quotas	quota	NOUN
aijbe-575	54	6	are	be	AUX
aijbe-575	54	7	restrictions	restriction	NOUN
aijbe-575	54	8	on	on	ADP
aijbe-575	54	9	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	54	10	volume	volume	NOUN
aijbe-575	54	11	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	54	12	imports	import	NOUN
aijbe-575	54	13	for	for	ADP
aijbe-575	54	14	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	54	15	particular	particular	ADJ
aijbe-575	54	16	good	good	NOUN
aijbe-575	54	17	or	or	CCONJ
aijbe-575	54	18	service	service	NOUN
aijbe-575	54	19	over	over	ADP
aijbe-575	54	20	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	54	21	period	period	NOUN
aijbe-575	54	22	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	54	23	time	time	NOUN
aijbe-575	54	24	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	55	1	quotas	quota	NOUN
aijbe-575	55	2	are	be	AUX
aijbe-575	55	3	known	know	VERB
aijbe-575	55	4	as	as	ADP
aijbe-575	55	5	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	55	6	“	"	PUNCT
aijbe-575	55	7	non	non	ADJ
aijbe-575	55	8	-	-	ADJ
aijbe-575	55	9	tariff	tariff	ADJ
aijbe-575	55	10	trade	trade	NOUN
aijbe-575	55	11	barrier	barrier	NOUN
aijbe-575	55	12	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	55	13	”	"	PUNCT
aijbe-575	56	1	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	56	2	constraint	constraint	NOUN
aijbe-575	56	3	on	on	ADP
aijbe-575	56	4	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	56	5	supply	supply	NOUN
aijbe-575	56	6	causes	cause	VERB
aijbe-575	56	7	an	an	DET
aijbe-575	56	8	increase	increase	NOUN
aijbe-575	56	9	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	56	10	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	56	11	prices	price	NOUN
aijbe-575	56	12	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	56	13	imported	import	VERB
aijbe-575	56	14	goods	good	NOUN
aijbe-575	56	15	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	56	16	reducing	reduce	VERB
aijbe-575	56	17	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	56	18	demand	demand	NOUN
aijbe-575	56	19	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	56	20	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	56	21	domestic	domestic	ADJ
aijbe-575	56	22	market	market	NOUN
aijbe-575	56	23	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	57	1	3	3	X
aijbe-575	57	2	.	.	X
aijbe-575	57	3	subsidies	subsidy	NOUN
aijbe-575	57	4	:	:	PUNCT
aijbe-575	57	5	subsidies	subsidy	NOUN
aijbe-575	57	6	are	be	AUX
aijbe-575	57	7	negative	negative	ADJ
aijbe-575	57	8	taxes	taxis	NOUN
aijbe-575	57	9	or	or	CCONJ
aijbe-575	57	10	tax	tax	NOUN
aijbe-575	57	11	credits	credit	NOUN
aijbe-575	57	12	that	that	PRON
aijbe-575	57	13	are	be	AUX
aijbe-575	57	14	given	give	VERB
aijbe-575	57	15	to	to	ADP
aijbe-575	57	16	domestic	domestic	ADJ
aijbe-575	57	17	producers	producer	NOUN
aijbe-575	57	18	by	by	ADP
aijbe-575	57	19	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	57	20	government	government	NOUN
aijbe-575	57	21	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	58	1	they	they	PRON
aijbe-575	58	2	create	create	VERB
aijbe-575	58	3	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	58	4	discrepancy	discrepancy	NOUN
aijbe-575	58	5	between	between	ADP
aijbe-575	58	6	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	58	7	price	price	NOUN
aijbe-575	58	8	faced	face	VERB
aijbe-575	58	9	by	by	ADP
aijbe-575	58	10	consumers	consumer	NOUN
aijbe-575	58	11	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	58	12	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	58	13	price	price	NOUN
aijbe-575	58	14	faced	face	VERB
aijbe-575	58	15	by	by	ADP
aijbe-575	58	16	producers	producer	NOUN
aijbe-575	58	17	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	59	1	4	4	X
aijbe-575	59	2	.	.	X
aijbe-575	59	3	standardization	standardization	NOUN
aijbe-575	59	4	:	:	PUNCT
aijbe-575	59	5	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	59	6	government	government	NOUN
aijbe-575	59	7	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	59	8	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	59	9	country	country	NOUN
aijbe-575	59	10	may	may	AUX
aijbe-575	59	11	require	require	VERB
aijbe-575	59	12	all	all	DET
aijbe-575	59	13	foreign	foreign	ADJ
aijbe-575	59	14	products	product	NOUN
aijbe-575	59	15	to	to	PART
aijbe-575	59	16	adhere	adhere	VERB
aijbe-575	59	17	to	to	ADP
aijbe-575	59	18	certain	certain	ADJ
aijbe-575	59	19	guidelines	guideline	NOUN
aijbe-575	59	20	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	60	1	for	for	ADP
aijbe-575	60	2	instance	instance	NOUN
aijbe-575	60	3	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	60	4	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	60	5	uk	uk	PROPN
aijbe-575	60	6	government	government	NOUN
aijbe-575	60	7	may	may	AUX
aijbe-575	60	8	demand	demand	VERB
aijbe-575	60	9	that	that	SCONJ
aijbe-575	60	10	all	all	DET
aijbe-575	60	11	imported	import	VERB
aijbe-575	60	12	shoes	shoe	NOUN
aijbe-575	60	13	include	include	VERB
aijbe-575	60	14	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	60	15	certain	certain	ADJ
aijbe-575	60	16	proportion	proportion	NOUN
aijbe-575	60	17	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	60	18	leather	leather	NOUN
aijbe-575	60	19	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	61	1	standardization	standardization	NOUN
aijbe-575	61	2	measures	measure	NOUN
aijbe-575	61	3	tend	tend	VERB
aijbe-575	61	4	to	to	PART
aijbe-575	61	5	reduce	reduce	VERB
aijbe-575	61	6	foreign	foreign	ADJ
aijbe-575	61	7	products	product	NOUN
aijbe-575	61	8	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	61	9	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	61	10	market	market	NOUN
aijbe-575	61	11	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	62	1	an	an	DET
aijbe-575	62	2	economy	economy	NOUN
aijbe-575	62	3	usually	usually	ADV
aijbe-575	62	4	adopts	adopt	VERB
aijbe-575	62	5	protectionist	protectionist	ADJ
aijbe-575	62	6	policies	policy	NOUN
aijbe-575	62	7	to	to	PART
aijbe-575	62	8	encourage	encourage	VERB
aijbe-575	62	9	domestic	domestic	ADJ
aijbe-575	62	10	investment	investment	NOUN
aijbe-575	62	11	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	62	12	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	62	13	specific	specific	ADJ
aijbe-575	62	14	industry	industry	NOUN
aijbe-575	62	15	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	63	1	for	for	ADP
aijbe-575	63	2	instance	instance	NOUN
aijbe-575	63	3	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	63	4	tariffs	tariff	NOUN
aijbe-575	63	5	on	on	ADP
aijbe-575	63	6	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	63	7	foreign	foreign	ADJ
aijbe-575	63	8	import	import	NOUN
aijbe-575	63	9	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	63	10	shoes	shoe	NOUN
aijbe-575	63	11	would	would	AUX
aijbe-575	63	12	encourage	encourage	VERB
aijbe-575	63	13	domestic	domestic	ADJ
aijbe-575	63	14	producers	producer	NOUN
aijbe-575	63	15	to	to	PART
aijbe-575	63	16	invest	invest	VERB
aijbe-575	63	17	more	more	ADJ
aijbe-575	63	18	resources	resource	NOUN
aijbe-575	63	19	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	63	20	shoe	shoe	NOUN
aijbe-575	63	21	production	production	NOUN
aijbe-575	63	22	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	64	1	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	64	2	addition	addition	NOUN
aijbe-575	64	3	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	64	4	nascent	nascent	ADJ
aijbe-575	64	5	domestic	domestic	ADJ
aijbe-575	64	6	shoe	shoe	NOUN
aijbe-575	64	7	producers	producer	NOUN
aijbe-575	64	8	would	would	AUX
aijbe-575	64	9	not	not	PART
aijbe-575	64	10	be	be	AUX
aijbe-575	64	11	at	at	ADP
aijbe-575	64	12	risk	risk	NOUN
aijbe-575	64	13	from	from	ADP
aijbe-575	64	14	established	establish	VERB
aijbe-575	64	15	foreign	foreign	ADJ
aijbe-575	64	16	shoe	shoe	NOUN
aijbe-575	64	17	producers	producer	NOUN
aijbe-575	64	18	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	65	1	although	although	SCONJ
aijbe-575	65	2	domestic	domestic	ADJ
aijbe-575	65	3	producers	producer	NOUN
aijbe-575	65	4	are	be	AUX
aijbe-575	65	5	better	well	ADJ
aijbe-575	65	6	off	off	ADV
aijbe-575	65	7	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	65	8	domestic	domestic	ADJ
aijbe-575	65	9	consumers	consumer	NOUN
aijbe-575	65	10	are	be	AUX
aijbe-575	65	11	worse	bad	ADJ
aijbe-575	65	12	off	off	ADP
aijbe-575	65	13	as	as	ADP
aijbe-575	65	14	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	65	15	result	result	NOUN
aijbe-575	65	16	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	65	17	protectionist	protectionist	ADJ
aijbe-575	65	18	policies	policy	NOUN
aijbe-575	65	19	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	65	20	as	as	SCONJ
aijbe-575	65	21	they	they	PRON
aijbe-575	65	22	may	may	AUX
aijbe-575	65	23	have	have	VERB
aijbe-575	65	24	to	to	PART
aijbe-575	65	25	pay	pay	VERB
aijbe-575	65	26	higher	high	ADJ
aijbe-575	65	27	prices	price	NOUN
aijbe-575	65	28	for	for	ADP
aijbe-575	65	29	somewhat	somewhat	ADV
aijbe-575	65	30	inferior	inferior	ADJ
aijbe-575	65	31	goods	good	NOUN
aijbe-575	65	32	or	or	CCONJ
aijbe-575	65	33	services	service	NOUN
aijbe-575	65	34	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	66	1	protectionist	protectionist	ADJ
aijbe-575	66	2	policies	policy	NOUN
aijbe-575	66	3	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	66	4	therefore	therefore	ADV
aijbe-575	66	5	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	66	6	tend	tend	VERB
aijbe-575	66	7	to	to	PART
aijbe-575	66	8	be	be	AUX
aijbe-575	66	9	very	very	ADV
aijbe-575	66	10	popular	popular	ADJ
aijbe-575	66	11	with	with	ADP
aijbe-575	66	12	businesses	business	NOUN
aijbe-575	66	13	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	66	14	very	very	ADV
aijbe-575	66	15	unpopular	unpopular	ADJ
aijbe-575	66	16	with	with	ADP
aijbe-575	66	17	consumers	consumer	NOUN
aijbe-575	66	18	(	(	PUNCT
aijbe-575	66	19	cfi	cfi	NOUN
aijbe-575	66	20	team	team	NOUN
aijbe-575	66	21	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	66	22	2019	2019	NUM
aijbe-575	66	23	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	66	24	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	67	1	real	real	ADJ
aijbe-575	67	2	exchange	exchange	NOUN
aijbe-575	67	3	rate	rate	NOUN
aijbe-575	67	4	exchange	exchange	NOUN
aijbe-575	67	5	rate	rate	NOUN
aijbe-575	67	6	is	be	AUX
aijbe-575	67	7	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	67	8	relative	relative	ADJ
aijbe-575	67	9	value	value	NOUN
aijbe-575	67	10	between	between	ADP
aijbe-575	67	11	two	two	NUM
aijbe-575	67	12	currencies	currency	NOUN
aijbe-575	67	13	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	68	1	it	it	PRON
aijbe-575	68	2	is	be	AUX
aijbe-575	68	3	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	68	4	rate	rate	NOUN
aijbe-575	68	5	at	at	ADP
aijbe-575	68	6	which	which	PRON
aijbe-575	68	7	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	68	8	amount	amount	NOUN
aijbe-575	68	9	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	68	10	one	one	NUM
aijbe-575	68	11	currency	currency	NOUN
aijbe-575	68	12	can	can	AUX
aijbe-575	68	13	exchange	exchange	VERB
aijbe-575	68	14	for	for	ADP
aijbe-575	68	15	another	another	PRON
aijbe-575	68	16	(	(	PUNCT
aijbe-575	68	17	kathleen	kathleen	PROPN
aijbe-575	68	18	crislip	crislip	PROPN
aijbe-575	68	19	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	68	20	2018	2018	NUM
aijbe-575	68	21	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	68	22	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	69	1	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	69	2	exchange	exchange	NOUN
aijbe-575	69	3	rate	rate	NOUN
aijbe-575	69	4	is	be	AUX
aijbe-575	69	5	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	69	6	price	price	NOUN
aijbe-575	69	7	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	69	8	one	one	NUM
aijbe-575	69	9	currency	currency	NOUN
aijbe-575	69	10	quoted	quote	VERB
aijbe-575	69	11	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	69	12	terms	term	NOUN
aijbe-575	69	13	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	69	14	another	another	DET
aijbe-575	69	15	currency	currency	NOUN
aijbe-575	69	16	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	70	1	it	it	PRON
aijbe-575	70	2	is	be	AUX
aijbe-575	70	3	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	70	4	price	price	NOUN
aijbe-575	70	5	at	at	ADP
aijbe-575	70	6	which	which	PRON
aijbe-575	70	7	one	one	NUM
aijbe-575	70	8	nation	nation	NOUN
aijbe-575	70	9	’s	’s	PART
aijbe-575	70	10	currency	currency	NOUN
aijbe-575	70	11	is	be	AUX
aijbe-575	70	12	exchanged	exchange	VERB
aijbe-575	70	13	for	for	ADP
aijbe-575	70	14	some	some	DET
aijbe-575	70	15	other	other	ADJ
aijbe-575	70	16	nation	nation	NOUN
aijbe-575	70	17	’s	’s	PART
aijbe-575	70	18	currency	currency	NOUN
aijbe-575	70	19	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	71	1	it	it	PRON
aijbe-575	71	2	could	could	AUX
aijbe-575	71	3	be	be	AUX
aijbe-575	71	4	at	at	ADP
aijbe-575	71	5	par	par	NOUN
aijbe-575	71	6	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	71	7	high	high	ADJ
aijbe-575	71	8	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	71	9	or	or	CCONJ
aijbe-575	71	10	relatively	relatively	ADV
aijbe-575	71	11	low	low	ADJ
aijbe-575	71	12	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	72	1	thus	thus	ADV
aijbe-575	72	2	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	72	3	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	72	4	exchange	exchange	NOUN
aijbe-575	72	5	rate	rate	NOUN
aijbe-575	72	6	fluctuates	fluctuate	NOUN
aijbe-575	72	7	relative	relative	ADJ
aijbe-575	72	8	to	to	ADP
aijbe-575	72	9	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	72	10	comparative	comparative	ADJ
aijbe-575	72	11	usage	usage	NOUN
aijbe-575	72	12	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	72	13	need	need	NOUN
aijbe-575	72	14	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	72	15	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	72	16	currencies	currency	NOUN
aijbe-575	72	17	concerned	concern	VERB
aijbe-575	72	18	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	73	1	according	accord	VERB
aijbe-575	73	2	to	to	ADP
aijbe-575	73	3	kimberly	kimberly	PROPN
aijbe-575	73	4	(	(	PUNCT
aijbe-575	73	5	2018	2018	NUM
aijbe-575	73	6	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	73	7	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	73	8	most	most	ADJ
aijbe-575	73	9	exchange	exchange	NOUN
aijbe-575	73	10	rates	rate	NOUN
aijbe-575	73	11	are	be	AUX
aijbe-575	73	12	determined	determine	VERB
aijbe-575	73	13	by	by	ADP
aijbe-575	73	14	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	73	15	foreign	foreign	ADJ
aijbe-575	73	16	exchange	exchange	NOUN
aijbe-575	73	17	market	market	NOUN
aijbe-575	73	18	or	or	CCONJ
aijbe-575	73	19	forex	forex	NOUN
aijbe-575	73	20	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	74	1	that	that	PRON
aijbe-575	74	2	is	be	AUX
aijbe-575	74	3	called	call	VERB
aijbe-575	74	4	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	74	5	flexible	flexible	ADJ
aijbe-575	74	6	exchange	exchange	NOUN
aijbe-575	74	7	rate	rate	NOUN
aijbe-575	74	8	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	75	1	for	for	ADP
aijbe-575	75	2	this	this	DET
aijbe-575	75	3	reason	reason	NOUN
aijbe-575	75	4	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	75	5	exchange	exchange	NOUN
aijbe-575	75	6	rates	rate	NOUN
aijbe-575	75	7	fluctuate	fluctuate	NOUN
aijbe-575	75	8	on	on	ADP
aijbe-575	75	9	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	75	10	moment	moment	NOUN
aijbe-575	75	11	-	-	PUNCT
aijbe-575	75	12	by	by	ADP
aijbe-575	75	13	-	-	PUNCT
aijbe-575	75	14	moment	moment	NOUN
aijbe-575	75	15	basis	basis	NOUN
aijbe-575	75	16	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	76	1	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	76	2	real	real	ADJ
aijbe-575	76	3	effective	effective	ADJ
aijbe-575	76	4	exchange	exchange	NOUN
aijbe-575	76	5	rate	rate	NOUN
aijbe-575	76	6	(	(	PUNCT
aijbe-575	76	7	reer	reer	NOUN
aijbe-575	76	8	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	76	9	is	be	AUX
aijbe-575	76	10	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	76	11	weighted	weighted	ADJ
aijbe-575	76	12	average	average	NOUN
aijbe-575	76	13	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	76	14	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	76	15	country	country	NOUN
aijbe-575	76	16	's	's	PART
aijbe-575	76	17	currency	currency	NOUN
aijbe-575	76	18	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	76	19	relation	relation	NOUN
aijbe-575	76	20	to	to	ADP
aijbe-575	76	21	an	an	DET
aijbe-575	76	22	index	index	NOUN
aijbe-575	76	23	or	or	CCONJ
aijbe-575	76	24	basket	basket	NOUN
aijbe-575	76	25	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	76	26	other	other	ADJ
aijbe-575	76	27	major	major	ADJ
aijbe-575	76	28	currencies	currency	NOUN
aijbe-575	76	29	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	77	1	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	77	2	weights	weight	NOUN
aijbe-575	77	3	are	be	AUX
aijbe-575	77	4	determined	determine	VERB
aijbe-575	77	5	by	by	ADP
aijbe-575	77	6	comparing	compare	VERB
aijbe-575	77	7	balogun	balogun	VERB
aijbe-575	77	8	david	david	PROPN
aijbe-575	77	9	ibukun	ibukun	PROPN
aijbe-575	77	10	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	77	11	prof	prof	NOUN
aijbe-575	77	12	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	78	1	okechukwu	okechukwu	PROPN
aijbe-575	78	2	e.	e.	PROPN
aijbe-575	78	3	u.	u.	PROPN
aijbe-575	78	4	(	(	PUNCT
aijbe-575	78	5	2023	2023	NUM
aijbe-575	78	6	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	78	7	4	4	NUM
aijbe-575	78	8	american	american	ADJ
aijbe-575	78	9	interdisciplinary	interdisciplinary	ADJ
aijbe-575	78	10	journal	journal	NOUN
aijbe-575	78	11	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	78	12	business	business	NOUN
aijbe-575	78	13	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	78	14	economics	economic	NOUN
aijbe-575	78	15	|	|	ADV
aijbe-575	78	16	https://sadijournals.org/index.php/aijbe	https://sadijournals.org/index.php/aijbe	VERB
aijbe-575	78	17	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	78	18	relative	relative	ADJ
aijbe-575	78	19	trade	trade	NOUN
aijbe-575	78	20	balance	balance	NOUN
aijbe-575	78	21	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	78	22	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	78	23	country	country	NOUN
aijbe-575	78	24	's	's	PART
aijbe-575	78	25	currency	currency	NOUN
aijbe-575	78	26	against	against	ADP
aijbe-575	78	27	that	that	PRON
aijbe-575	78	28	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	78	29	each	each	DET
aijbe-575	78	30	country	country	NOUN
aijbe-575	78	31	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	78	32	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	78	33	index	index	NOUN
aijbe-575	78	34	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	79	1	an	an	DET
aijbe-575	79	2	increase	increase	NOUN
aijbe-575	79	3	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	79	4	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	79	5	nation	nation	NOUN
aijbe-575	79	6	's	's	PART
aijbe-575	79	7	reer	reer	NOUN
aijbe-575	79	8	is	be	AUX
aijbe-575	79	9	an	an	DET
aijbe-575	79	10	indication	indication	NOUN
aijbe-575	79	11	that	that	SCONJ
aijbe-575	79	12	its	its	PRON
aijbe-575	79	13	exports	export	NOUN
aijbe-575	79	14	are	be	AUX
aijbe-575	79	15	becoming	become	VERB
aijbe-575	79	16	more	more	ADV
aijbe-575	79	17	expensive	expensive	ADJ
aijbe-575	79	18	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	79	19	its	its	PRON
aijbe-575	79	20	imports	import	NOUN
aijbe-575	79	21	are	be	AUX
aijbe-575	79	22	becoming	become	VERB
aijbe-575	79	23	cheaper	cheap	ADJ
aijbe-575	79	24	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	80	1	it	it	PRON
aijbe-575	80	2	is	be	AUX
aijbe-575	80	3	losing	lose	VERB
aijbe-575	80	4	its	its	PRON
aijbe-575	80	5	trade	trade	NOUN
aijbe-575	80	6	competitiveness	competitiveness	NOUN
aijbe-575	80	7	(	(	PUNCT
aijbe-575	80	8	adam	adam	NOUN
aijbe-575	80	9	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	80	10	2021	2021	NUM
aijbe-575	80	11	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	80	12	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	81	1	trade	trade	NOUN
aijbe-575	81	2	openness	openness	NOUN
aijbe-575	81	3	trade	trade	NOUN
aijbe-575	81	4	openness	openness	NOUN
aijbe-575	81	5	refers	refer	VERB
aijbe-575	81	6	to	to	ADP
aijbe-575	81	7	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	81	8	outward	outward	ADJ
aijbe-575	81	9	or	or	CCONJ
aijbe-575	81	10	inward	inward	ADV
aijbe-575	81	11	orientation	orientation	NOUN
aijbe-575	81	12	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	81	13	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	81	14	given	give	VERB
aijbe-575	81	15	country	country	NOUN
aijbe-575	81	16	's	's	PART
aijbe-575	81	17	economy	economy	NOUN
aijbe-575	81	18	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	82	1	outward	outward	ADJ
aijbe-575	82	2	orientation	orientation	NOUN
aijbe-575	82	3	refers	refer	VERB
aijbe-575	82	4	to	to	ADP
aijbe-575	82	5	economies	economy	NOUN
aijbe-575	82	6	that	that	PRON
aijbe-575	82	7	take	take	VERB
aijbe-575	82	8	significant	significant	ADJ
aijbe-575	82	9	advantage	advantage	NOUN
aijbe-575	82	10	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	82	11	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	82	12	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
aijbe-575	82	13	to	to	PART
aijbe-575	82	14	trade	trade	VERB
aijbe-575	82	15	with	with	ADP
aijbe-575	82	16	other	other	ADJ
aijbe-575	82	17	countries	country	NOUN
aijbe-575	82	18	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	83	1	inward	inward	PROPN
aijbe-575	83	2	orientation	orientation	NOUN
aijbe-575	83	3	refers	refer	VERB
aijbe-575	83	4	to	to	ADP
aijbe-575	83	5	economies	economy	NOUN
aijbe-575	83	6	that	that	PRON
aijbe-575	83	7	overlook	overlook	VERB
aijbe-575	83	8	taking	take	VERB
aijbe-575	83	9	or	or	CCONJ
aijbe-575	83	10	are	be	AUX
aijbe-575	83	11	unable	unable	ADJ
aijbe-575	83	12	to	to	PART
aijbe-575	83	13	take	take	VERB
aijbe-575	83	14	advantage	advantage	NOUN
aijbe-575	83	15	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	83	16	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	83	17	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
aijbe-575	83	18	to	to	PART
aijbe-575	83	19	trade	trade	VERB
aijbe-575	83	20	with	with	ADP
aijbe-575	83	21	other	other	ADJ
aijbe-575	83	22	countries	country	NOUN
aijbe-575	83	23	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	84	1	some	some	PRON
aijbe-575	84	2	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	84	3	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	84	4	trade	trade	NOUN
aijbe-575	84	5	policy	policy	NOUN
aijbe-575	84	6	decisions	decision	NOUN
aijbe-575	84	7	made	make	VERB
aijbe-575	84	8	by	by	ADP
aijbe-575	84	9	countries	country	NOUN
aijbe-575	84	10	that	that	PRON
aijbe-575	84	11	empower	empower	VERB
aijbe-575	84	12	outward	outward	ADV
aijbe-575	84	13	or	or	CCONJ
aijbe-575	84	14	inward	inward	ADV
aijbe-575	84	15	orientation	orientation	NOUN
aijbe-575	84	16	are	be	AUX
aijbe-575	84	17	trade	trade	NOUN
aijbe-575	84	18	barriers	barrier	NOUN
aijbe-575	84	19	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	84	20	import	import	NOUN
aijbe-575	84	21	-	-	PUNCT
aijbe-575	84	22	export	export	NOUN
aijbe-575	84	23	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	84	24	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
aijbe-575	84	25	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	84	26	technologies	technology	NOUN
aijbe-575	84	27	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	84	28	scale	scale	NOUN
aijbe-575	84	29	economies	economy	NOUN
aijbe-575	84	30	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	84	31	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	84	32	market	market	NOUN
aijbe-575	84	33	competitiveness	competitiveness	NOUN
aijbe-575	84	34	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	85	1	trade	trade	NOUN
aijbe-575	85	2	openness	openness	NOUN
aijbe-575	85	3	is	be	AUX
aijbe-575	85	4	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	85	5	liberalization	liberalization	NOUN
aijbe-575	85	6	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	85	7	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	85	8	exchange	exchange	NOUN
aijbe-575	85	9	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	85	10	goods	good	NOUN
aijbe-575	85	11	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	85	12	services	service	NOUN
aijbe-575	85	13	across	across	ADP
aijbe-575	85	14	borders	border	NOUN
aijbe-575	85	15	through	through	ADP
aijbe-575	85	16	increased	increase	VERB
aijbe-575	85	17	integration	integration	NOUN
aijbe-575	85	18	among	among	ADP
aijbe-575	85	19	countries	country	NOUN
aijbe-575	85	20	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	86	1	these	these	DET
aijbe-575	86	2	countries	country	NOUN
aijbe-575	86	3	are	be	AUX
aijbe-575	86	4	joined	join	VERB
aijbe-575	86	5	together	together	ADV
aijbe-575	86	6	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	86	7	terms	term	NOUN
aijbe-575	86	8	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	86	9	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	86	10	free	free	ADJ
aijbe-575	86	11	movement	movement	NOUN
aijbe-575	86	12	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	86	13	capital	capital	NOUN
aijbe-575	86	14	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	86	15	labour	labour	NOUN
aijbe-575	86	16	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	86	17	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	86	18	free	free	ADJ
aijbe-575	86	19	foreign	foreign	ADJ
aijbe-575	86	20	trade	trade	NOUN
aijbe-575	86	21	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	86	22	finance	finance	NOUN
aijbe-575	86	23	(	(	PUNCT
aijbe-575	86	24	igudia	igudia	PROPN
aijbe-575	86	25	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	86	26	2016	2016	NUM
aijbe-575	86	27	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	86	28	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	87	1	however	however	ADV
aijbe-575	87	2	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	87	3	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	87	4	debate	debate	NOUN
aijbe-575	87	5	surrounding	surround	VERB
aijbe-575	87	6	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	87	7	relationship	relationship	NOUN
aijbe-575	87	8	between	between	ADP
aijbe-575	87	9	trade	trade	NOUN
aijbe-575	87	10	openness	openness	NOUN
aijbe-575	87	11	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	87	12	economic	economic	ADJ
aijbe-575	87	13	growth	growth	NOUN
aijbe-575	87	14	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	87	15	developing	develop	VERB
aijbe-575	87	16	economies	economy	NOUN
aijbe-575	87	17	is	be	AUX
aijbe-575	87	18	between	between	ADP
aijbe-575	87	19	pro	pro	ADJ
aijbe-575	87	20	-	-	NOUN
aijbe-575	87	21	traders	trader	NOUN
aijbe-575	87	22	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	87	23	anti	anti	NOUN
aijbe-575	87	24	-	-	NOUN
aijbe-575	87	25	traders	trader	NOUN
aijbe-575	87	26	(	(	PUNCT
aijbe-575	87	27	oluwatoyin	oluwatoyin	PROPN
aijbe-575	87	28	&	&	CCONJ
aijbe-575	87	29	folasade	folasade	PROPN
aijbe-575	87	30	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	87	31	2014	2014	NUM
aijbe-575	87	32	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	87	33	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	88	1	import	import	NOUN
aijbe-575	88	2	tariff	tariff	NOUN
aijbe-575	88	3	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	88	4	tariff	tariff	NOUN
aijbe-575	88	5	is	be	AUX
aijbe-575	88	6	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	88	7	tax	tax	NOUN
aijbe-575	88	8	imposed	impose	VERB
aijbe-575	88	9	by	by	ADP
aijbe-575	88	10	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	88	11	government	government	NOUN
aijbe-575	88	12	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	88	13	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	88	14	country	country	NOUN
aijbe-575	88	15	or	or	CCONJ
aijbe-575	88	16	by	by	ADP
aijbe-575	88	17	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	88	18	supranational	supranational	ADJ
aijbe-575	88	19	union	union	NOUN
aijbe-575	88	20	on	on	ADP
aijbe-575	88	21	imports	import	NOUN
aijbe-575	88	22	or	or	CCONJ
aijbe-575	88	23	exports	export	NOUN
aijbe-575	88	24	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	88	25	goods	good	NOUN
aijbe-575	88	26	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	89	1	besides	besides	SCONJ
aijbe-575	89	2	being	be	AUX
aijbe-575	89	3	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	89	4	source	source	NOUN
aijbe-575	89	5	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	89	6	revenue	revenue	NOUN
aijbe-575	89	7	for	for	ADP
aijbe-575	89	8	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	89	9	government	government	NOUN
aijbe-575	89	10	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	89	11	import	import	NOUN
aijbe-575	89	12	duties	duty	NOUN
aijbe-575	89	13	can	can	AUX
aijbe-575	89	14	also	also	ADV
aijbe-575	89	15	be	be	AUX
aijbe-575	89	16	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	89	17	form	form	NOUN
aijbe-575	89	18	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	89	19	regulation	regulation	NOUN
aijbe-575	89	20	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	89	21	foreign	foreign	ADJ
aijbe-575	89	22	trade	trade	NOUN
aijbe-575	89	23	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	89	24	policy	policy	NOUN
aijbe-575	89	25	that	that	PRON
aijbe-575	89	26	taxes	tax	VERB
aijbe-575	89	27	foreign	foreign	ADJ
aijbe-575	89	28	products	product	NOUN
aijbe-575	89	29	to	to	PART
aijbe-575	89	30	encourage	encourage	VERB
aijbe-575	89	31	or	or	CCONJ
aijbe-575	89	32	safeguard	safeguard	VERB
aijbe-575	89	33	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	89	34	domestic	domestic	ADJ
aijbe-575	89	35	industry	industry	NOUN
aijbe-575	89	36	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	90	1	protective	protective	ADJ
aijbe-575	90	2	tariffs	tariff	NOUN
aijbe-575	90	3	are	be	AUX
aijbe-575	90	4	among	among	ADP
aijbe-575	90	5	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	90	6	most	most	ADV
aijbe-575	90	7	widely	widely	ADV
aijbe-575	90	8	used	use	VERB
aijbe-575	90	9	instruments	instrument	NOUN
aijbe-575	90	10	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	90	11	protectionism	protectionism	NOUN
aijbe-575	90	12	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	90	13	along	along	ADP
aijbe-575	90	14	with	with	ADP
aijbe-575	90	15	import	import	NOUN
aijbe-575	90	16	quotas	quota	NOUN
aijbe-575	90	17	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	90	18	export	export	NOUN
aijbe-575	90	19	quotas	quota	NOUN
aijbe-575	90	20	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	90	21	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	90	22	other	other	ADJ
aijbe-575	90	23	non	non	ADJ
aijbe-575	90	24	-	-	ADJ
aijbe-575	90	25	tariff	tariff	ADJ
aijbe-575	90	26	barriers	barrier	NOUN
aijbe-575	90	27	to	to	PART
aijbe-575	90	28	trade	trade	VERB
aijbe-575	90	29	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	91	1	tariffs	tariff	NOUN
aijbe-575	91	2	can	can	AUX
aijbe-575	91	3	be	be	AUX
aijbe-575	91	4	fixed	fix	VERB
aijbe-575	91	5	(	(	PUNCT
aijbe-575	91	6	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	91	7	constant	constant	ADJ
aijbe-575	91	8	sum	sum	NOUN
aijbe-575	91	9	per	per	ADP
aijbe-575	91	10	unit	unit	NOUN
aijbe-575	91	11	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	91	12	imported	import	VERB
aijbe-575	91	13	goods	good	NOUN
aijbe-575	91	14	or	or	CCONJ
aijbe-575	91	15	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	91	16	percentage	percentage	NOUN
aijbe-575	91	17	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	91	18	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	91	19	price	price	NOUN
aijbe-575	91	20	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	91	21	or	or	CCONJ
aijbe-575	91	22	variable	variable	NOUN
aijbe-575	91	23	(	(	PUNCT
aijbe-575	91	24	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	91	25	amount	amount	NOUN
aijbe-575	91	26	varies	vary	VERB
aijbe-575	91	27	according	accord	VERB
aijbe-575	91	28	to	to	ADP
aijbe-575	91	29	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	91	30	price	price	NOUN
aijbe-575	91	31	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	91	32	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	92	1	taxing	tax	VERB
aijbe-575	92	2	imports	import	NOUN
aijbe-575	92	3	means	mean	VERB
aijbe-575	92	4	people	people	NOUN
aijbe-575	92	5	are	be	AUX
aijbe-575	92	6	less	less	ADV
aijbe-575	92	7	likely	likely	ADJ
aijbe-575	92	8	to	to	PART
aijbe-575	92	9	buy	buy	VERB
aijbe-575	92	10	them	they	PRON
aijbe-575	92	11	as	as	SCONJ
aijbe-575	92	12	they	they	PRON
aijbe-575	92	13	become	become	VERB
aijbe-575	92	14	more	more	ADV
aijbe-575	92	15	expensive	expensive	ADJ
aijbe-575	92	16	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	93	1	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	93	2	intention	intention	NOUN
aijbe-575	93	3	is	be	AUX
aijbe-575	93	4	that	that	SCONJ
aijbe-575	93	5	they	they	PRON
aijbe-575	93	6	buy	buy	VERB
aijbe-575	93	7	local	local	ADJ
aijbe-575	93	8	products	product	NOUN
aijbe-575	93	9	instead	instead	ADV
aijbe-575	93	10	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	93	11	boosting	boost	VERB
aijbe-575	93	12	their	their	PRON
aijbe-575	93	13	country	country	NOUN
aijbe-575	93	14	's	's	PART
aijbe-575	93	15	economy	economy	NOUN
aijbe-575	93	16	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	94	1	tariffs	tariff	NOUN
aijbe-575	94	2	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	94	3	therefore	therefore	ADV
aijbe-575	94	4	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	94	5	provide	provide	VERB
aijbe-575	94	6	an	an	DET
aijbe-575	94	7	incentive	incentive	NOUN
aijbe-575	94	8	to	to	PART
aijbe-575	94	9	develop	develop	VERB
aijbe-575	94	10	products	product	NOUN
aijbe-575	94	11	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	94	12	replace	replace	VERB
aijbe-575	94	13	imports	import	NOUN
aijbe-575	94	14	with	with	ADP
aijbe-575	94	15	domestic	domestic	ADJ
aijbe-575	94	16	products	product	NOUN
aijbe-575	94	17	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	95	1	tariffs	tariff	NOUN
aijbe-575	95	2	are	be	AUX
aijbe-575	95	3	meant	mean	VERB
aijbe-575	95	4	to	to	PART
aijbe-575	95	5	reduce	reduce	VERB
aijbe-575	95	6	pressure	pressure	NOUN
aijbe-575	95	7	from	from	ADP
aijbe-575	95	8	foreign	foreign	ADJ
aijbe-575	95	9	competition	competition	NOUN
aijbe-575	95	10	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	95	11	reduce	reduce	VERB
aijbe-575	95	12	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	95	13	trade	trade	NOUN
aijbe-575	95	14	deficit	deficit	NOUN
aijbe-575	95	15	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	96	1	they	they	PRON
aijbe-575	96	2	have	have	AUX
aijbe-575	96	3	historically	historically	ADV
aijbe-575	96	4	been	be	AUX
aijbe-575	96	5	justified	justify	VERB
aijbe-575	96	6	as	as	ADP
aijbe-575	96	7	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	96	8	means	means	NOUN
aijbe-575	96	9	to	to	PART
aijbe-575	96	10	protect	protect	VERB
aijbe-575	96	11	infant	infant	NOUN
aijbe-575	96	12	industries	industry	NOUN
aijbe-575	96	13	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	96	14	to	to	PART
aijbe-575	96	15	allow	allow	VERB
aijbe-575	96	16	import	import	NOUN
aijbe-575	96	17	substitution	substitution	NOUN
aijbe-575	96	18	industrialization	industrialization	NOUN
aijbe-575	96	19	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	97	1	tariffs	tariff	NOUN
aijbe-575	97	2	may	may	AUX
aijbe-575	97	3	also	also	ADV
aijbe-575	97	4	be	be	AUX
aijbe-575	97	5	used	use	VERB
aijbe-575	97	6	to	to	PART
aijbe-575	97	7	rectify	rectify	VERB
aijbe-575	97	8	artificially	artificially	ADV
aijbe-575	97	9	low	low	ADJ
aijbe-575	97	10	prices	price	NOUN
aijbe-575	97	11	for	for	ADP
aijbe-575	97	12	certain	certain	ADJ
aijbe-575	97	13	imported	import	VERB
aijbe-575	97	14	goods	good	NOUN
aijbe-575	97	15	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	97	16	due	due	ADP
aijbe-575	97	17	to	to	AUX
aijbe-575	97	18	'	'	PUNCT
aijbe-575	97	19	dumping	dump	VERB
aijbe-575	97	20	'	'	PUNCT
aijbe-575	97	21	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	97	22	export	export	NOUN
aijbe-575	97	23	subsidies	subsidy	NOUN
aijbe-575	97	24	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	97	25	or	or	CCONJ
aijbe-575	97	26	currency	currency	NOUN
aijbe-575	97	27	manipulation	manipulation	NOUN
aijbe-575	97	28	(	(	PUNCT
aijbe-575	97	29	poole	poole	NOUN
aijbe-575	97	30	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	97	31	2014	2014	NUM
aijbe-575	97	32	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	97	33	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	98	1	there	there	PRON
aijbe-575	98	2	is	be	VERB
aijbe-575	98	3	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	98	4	near	near	ADV
aijbe-575	98	5	-	-	PUNCT
aijbe-575	98	6	unanimous	unanimous	ADJ
aijbe-575	98	7	consensus	consensus	NOUN
aijbe-575	98	8	among	among	ADP
aijbe-575	98	9	economists	economist	NOUN
aijbe-575	98	10	that	that	SCONJ
aijbe-575	98	11	tariffs	tariff	NOUN
aijbe-575	98	12	have	have	AUX
aijbe-575	98	13	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	98	14	negative	negative	ADJ
aijbe-575	98	15	effect	effect	NOUN
aijbe-575	98	16	on	on	ADP
aijbe-575	98	17	economic	economic	ADJ
aijbe-575	98	18	growth	growth	NOUN
aijbe-575	98	19	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	98	20	economic	economic	ADJ
aijbe-575	98	21	welfare	welfare	NOUN
aijbe-575	98	22	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	98	23	while	while	SCONJ
aijbe-575	98	24	free	free	ADJ
aijbe-575	98	25	trade	trade	NOUN
aijbe-575	98	26	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	98	27	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	98	28	reduction	reduction	NOUN
aijbe-575	98	29	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	98	30	trade	trade	NOUN
aijbe-575	98	31	barriers	barrier	NOUN
aijbe-575	98	32	have	have	VERB
aijbe-575	98	33	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	98	34	positive	positive	ADJ
aijbe-575	98	35	effect	effect	NOUN
aijbe-575	98	36	on	on	ADP
aijbe-575	98	37	economic	economic	ADJ
aijbe-575	98	38	growth	growth	NOUN
aijbe-575	98	39	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	99	1	although	although	SCONJ
aijbe-575	99	2	trade	trade	NOUN
aijbe-575	99	3	liberalization	liberalization	NOUN
aijbe-575	99	4	can	can	AUX
aijbe-575	99	5	sometimes	sometimes	ADV
aijbe-575	99	6	result	result	VERB
aijbe-575	99	7	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	99	8	large	large	ADJ
aijbe-575	99	9	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	99	10	unequally	unequally	ADV
aijbe-575	99	11	distributed	distribute	VERB
aijbe-575	99	12	losses	loss	NOUN
aijbe-575	99	13	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	99	14	gains	gain	NOUN
aijbe-575	99	15	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	99	16	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	99	17	can	can	AUX
aijbe-575	99	18	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	99	19	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	99	20	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	99	21	short	short	ADJ
aijbe-575	99	22	run	run	NOUN
aijbe-575	99	23	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	99	24	cause	cause	VERB
aijbe-575	99	25	significant	significant	ADJ
aijbe-575	99	26	economic	economic	ADJ
aijbe-575	99	27	dislocation	dislocation	NOUN
aijbe-575	99	28	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	99	29	workers	worker	NOUN
aijbe-575	99	30	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	99	31	import	import	NOUN
aijbe-575	99	32	-	-	PUNCT
aijbe-575	99	33	competing	compete	VERB
aijbe-575	99	34	sectors	sector	NOUN
aijbe-575	99	35	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	99	36	free	free	ADJ
aijbe-575	99	37	trade	trade	NOUN
aijbe-575	99	38	has	have	VERB
aijbe-575	99	39	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	99	40	advantage	advantage	NOUN
aijbe-575	99	41	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	99	42	lowering	lower	VERB
aijbe-575	99	43	costs	cost	NOUN
aijbe-575	99	44	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	99	45	goods	good	NOUN
aijbe-575	99	46	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	99	47	services	service	NOUN
aijbe-575	99	48	for	for	ADP
aijbe-575	99	49	both	both	DET
aijbe-575	99	50	producers	producer	NOUN
aijbe-575	99	51	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	99	52	consumers	consumer	NOUN
aijbe-575	99	53	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	100	1	import	import	NOUN
aijbe-575	100	2	tariffs	tariff	NOUN
aijbe-575	100	3	are	be	AUX
aijbe-575	100	4	taxes	taxis	NOUN
aijbe-575	100	5	charged	charge	VERB
aijbe-575	100	6	by	by	ADP
aijbe-575	100	7	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	100	8	customs	customs	PROPN
aijbe-575	100	9	authority	authority	NOUN
aijbe-575	100	10	on	on	ADP
aijbe-575	100	11	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	100	12	importation	importation	NOUN
aijbe-575	100	13	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	100	14	goods	good	NOUN
aijbe-575	100	15	into	into	ADP
aijbe-575	100	16	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	100	17	country	country	NOUN
aijbe-575	100	18	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	101	1	usually	usually	ADV
aijbe-575	101	2	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	101	3	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	101	4	value	value	NOUN
aijbe-575	101	5	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	101	6	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	101	7	imported	import	VERB
aijbe-575	101	8	goods	good	NOUN
aijbe-575	101	9	determines	determine	VERB
aijbe-575	101	10	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	101	11	amount	amount	NOUN
aijbe-575	101	12	that	that	PRON
aijbe-575	101	13	will	will	AUX
aijbe-575	101	14	be	be	AUX
aijbe-575	101	15	levied	levy	VERB
aijbe-575	101	16	on	on	ADP
aijbe-575	101	17	them	they	PRON
aijbe-575	101	18	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	102	1	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	102	2	some	some	DET
aijbe-575	102	3	contexts	contexts	NOUN
aijbe-575	102	4	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	102	5	import	import	NOUN
aijbe-575	102	6	tariffs	tariff	NOUN
aijbe-575	102	7	also	also	ADV
aijbe-575	102	8	mean	mean	VERB
aijbe-575	102	9	import	import	NOUN
aijbe-575	102	10	duties	duty	NOUN
aijbe-575	102	11	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	102	12	customs	custom	NOUN
aijbe-575	102	13	duties	duty	NOUN
aijbe-575	102	14	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	102	15	tariffs	tariff	NOUN
aijbe-575	102	16	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	102	17	or	or	CCONJ
aijbe-575	102	18	import	import	NOUN
aijbe-575	102	19	tax	tax	NOUN
aijbe-575	102	20	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	103	1	economically	economically	ADV
aijbe-575	103	2	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	103	3	import	import	NOUN
aijbe-575	103	4	tariffs	tariff	NOUN
aijbe-575	103	5	are	be	AUX
aijbe-575	103	6	charged	charge	VERB
aijbe-575	103	7	to	to	PART
aijbe-575	103	8	generate	generate	VERB
aijbe-575	103	9	revenue	revenue	NOUN
aijbe-575	103	10	for	for	ADP
aijbe-575	103	11	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	103	12	government	government	NOUN
aijbe-575	103	13	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	103	14	to	to	PART
aijbe-575	103	15	protect	protect	VERB
aijbe-575	103	16	local	local	ADJ
aijbe-575	103	17	goods	good	NOUN
aijbe-575	103	18	against	against	ADP
aijbe-575	103	19	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	103	20	dominance	dominance	NOUN
aijbe-575	103	21	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	103	22	foreign	foreign	ADJ
aijbe-575	103	23	products	product	NOUN
aijbe-575	103	24	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	104	1	however	however	ADV
aijbe-575	104	2	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	104	3	there	there	PRON
aijbe-575	104	4	are	be	VERB
aijbe-575	104	5	other	other	ADJ
aijbe-575	104	6	reasons	reason	NOUN
aijbe-575	104	7	for	for	ADP
aijbe-575	104	8	imposing	impose	VERB
aijbe-575	104	9	taxes	taxis	NOUN
aijbe-575	104	10	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	105	1	one	one	NUM
aijbe-575	105	2	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	105	3	them	they	PRON
aijbe-575	105	4	is	be	AUX
aijbe-575	105	5	to	to	PART
aijbe-575	105	6	restrict	restrict	VERB
aijbe-575	105	7	foreign	foreign	ADJ
aijbe-575	105	8	products	product	NOUN
aijbe-575	105	9	from	from	ADP
aijbe-575	105	10	flooding	flood	VERB
aijbe-575	105	11	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	105	12	local	local	ADJ
aijbe-575	105	13	market	market	NOUN
aijbe-575	105	14	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	106	1	moreover	moreover	ADV
aijbe-575	106	2	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	106	3	import	import	NOUN
aijbe-575	106	4	tariffs	tariff	NOUN
aijbe-575	106	5	are	be	AUX
aijbe-575	106	6	charged	charge	VERB
aijbe-575	106	7	to	to	PART
aijbe-575	106	8	penalize	penalize	VERB
aijbe-575	106	9	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	106	10	country	country	NOUN
aijbe-575	106	11	by	by	ADP
aijbe-575	106	12	means	mean	NOUN
aijbe-575	106	13	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	106	14	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	106	15	sanction	sanction	NOUN
aijbe-575	106	16	mechanism	mechanism	NOUN
aijbe-575	106	17	(	(	PUNCT
aijbe-575	106	18	rosenfeld	rosenfeld	NOUN
aijbe-575	106	19	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	106	20	2016	2016	NUM
aijbe-575	106	21	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	106	22	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	107	1	economic	economic	ADJ
aijbe-575	107	2	development	development	NOUN
aijbe-575	107	3	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	107	4	economic	economic	ADJ
aijbe-575	107	5	development	development	NOUN
aijbe-575	107	6	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	107	7	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	107	8	country	country	NOUN
aijbe-575	107	9	is	be	AUX
aijbe-575	107	10	defined	define	VERB
aijbe-575	107	11	as	as	ADP
aijbe-575	107	12	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	107	13	development	development	NOUN
aijbe-575	107	14	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	107	15	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	107	16	economic	economic	ADJ
aijbe-575	107	17	wealth	wealth	NOUN
aijbe-575	107	18	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	107	19	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	107	20	country	country	NOUN
aijbe-575	107	21	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	108	1	economic	economic	ADJ
aijbe-575	108	2	development	development	NOUN
aijbe-575	108	3	is	be	AUX
aijbe-575	108	4	aimed	aim	VERB
aijbe-575	108	5	at	at	ADP
aijbe-575	108	6	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	108	7	overall	overall	ADJ
aijbe-575	108	8	well	well	ADV
aijbe-575	108	9	-	-	PUNCT
aijbe-575	108	10	being	being	NOUN
aijbe-575	108	11	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	108	12	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	108	13	citizens	citizen	NOUN
aijbe-575	108	14	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	108	15	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	108	16	country	country	NOUN
aijbe-575	108	17	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	108	18	as	as	SCONJ
aijbe-575	108	19	they	they	PRON
aijbe-575	108	20	are	be	AUX
aijbe-575	108	21	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	108	22	ultimate	ultimate	ADJ
aijbe-575	108	23	beneficiaries	beneficiary	NOUN
aijbe-575	108	24	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	108	25	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	108	26	development	development	NOUN
aijbe-575	108	27	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	108	28	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	108	29	country	country	NOUN
aijbe-575	108	30	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	109	1	it	it	PRON
aijbe-575	109	2	is	be	AUX
aijbe-575	109	3	an	an	DET
aijbe-575	109	4	increase	increase	NOUN
aijbe-575	109	5	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	109	6	living	living	NOUN
aijbe-575	109	7	standards	standard	NOUN
aijbe-575	109	8	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	109	9	improvement	improvement	NOUN
aijbe-575	109	10	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	109	11	self	self	NOUN
aijbe-575	109	12	-	-	PUNCT
aijbe-575	109	13	esteem	esteem	NOUN
aijbe-575	109	14	needs	need	NOUN
aijbe-575	109	15	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	109	16	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	109	17	freedom	freedom	NOUN
aijbe-575	109	18	from	from	ADP
aijbe-575	109	19	oppression	oppression	NOUN
aijbe-575	109	20	as	as	ADV
aijbe-575	109	21	well	well	ADV
aijbe-575	109	22	as	as	ADP
aijbe-575	109	23	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	109	24	greater	great	ADJ
aijbe-575	109	25	choice	choice	NOUN
aijbe-575	109	26	(	(	PUNCT
aijbe-575	109	27	aliyu	aliyu	NOUN
aijbe-575	109	28	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	109	29	2013	2013	NUM
aijbe-575	109	30	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	109	31	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	110	1	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	110	2	most	most	ADV
aijbe-575	110	3	accurate	accurate	ADJ
aijbe-575	110	4	method	method	NOUN
aijbe-575	110	5	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	110	6	measuring	measure	VERB
aijbe-575	110	7	development	development	NOUN
aijbe-575	110	8	is	be	AUX
aijbe-575	110	9	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	110	10	human	human	PROPN
aijbe-575	110	11	development	development	PROPN
aijbe-575	110	12	index	index	PROPN
aijbe-575	110	13	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	110	14	(	(	PUNCT
aijbe-575	110	15	hdi	hdi	PROPN
aijbe-575	110	16	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	110	17	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	110	18	which	which	PRON
aijbe-575	110	19	takes	take	VERB
aijbe-575	110	20	into	into	ADP
aijbe-575	110	21	account	account	NOUN
aijbe-575	110	22	literacy	literacy	NOUN
aijbe-575	110	23	rates	rate	NOUN
aijbe-575	110	24	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	110	25	life	life	NOUN
aijbe-575	110	26	expectancy	expectancy	NOUN
aijbe-575	110	27	which	which	PRON
aijbe-575	110	28	affects	affect	VERB
aijbe-575	110	29	productivity	productivity	NOUN
aijbe-575	110	30	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	110	31	could	could	AUX
aijbe-575	110	32	lead	lead	VERB
aijbe-575	110	33	to	to	ADP
aijbe-575	110	34	economic	economic	ADJ
aijbe-575	110	35	growth	growth	NOUN
aijbe-575	110	36	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	111	1	it	it	PRON
aijbe-575	111	2	also	also	ADV
aijbe-575	111	3	leads	lead	VERB
aijbe-575	111	4	to	to	ADP
aijbe-575	111	5	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	111	6	creation	creation	NOUN
aijbe-575	111	7	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	111	8	more	more	ADJ
aijbe-575	111	9	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
aijbe-575	111	10	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	111	11	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	111	12	sectors	sector	NOUN
aijbe-575	111	13	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	111	14	education	education	NOUN
aijbe-575	111	15	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	111	16	healthcare	healthcare	PROPN
aijbe-575	111	17	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	111	18	employment	employment	NOUN
aijbe-575	111	19	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	111	20	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	111	21	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	111	22	conservation	conservation	NOUN
aijbe-575	111	23	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	111	24	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	111	25	environment	environment	NOUN
aijbe-575	111	26	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	112	1	balogun	balogun	VERB
aijbe-575	112	2	david	david	PROPN
aijbe-575	112	3	ibukun	ibukun	PROPN
aijbe-575	112	4	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	112	5	prof	prof	NOUN
aijbe-575	112	6	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	113	1	okechukwu	okechukwu	PROPN
aijbe-575	113	2	e.	e.	PROPN
aijbe-575	113	3	u.	u.	PROPN
aijbe-575	113	4	(	(	PUNCT
aijbe-575	113	5	2023	2023	NUM
aijbe-575	113	6	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	113	7	5	5	NUM
aijbe-575	113	8	american	american	ADJ
aijbe-575	113	9	interdisciplinary	interdisciplinary	ADJ
aijbe-575	113	10	journal	journal	NOUN
aijbe-575	113	11	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	113	12	business	business	NOUN
aijbe-575	113	13	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	113	14	economics	economic	NOUN
aijbe-575	113	15	|	|	ADV
aijbe-575	113	16	https://sadijournals.org/index.php/aijbe	https://sadijournals.org/index.php/aijbe	NOUN
aijbe-575	113	17	galloping	gallop	VERB
aijbe-575	113	18	(	(	PUNCT
aijbe-575	113	19	2014	2014	NUM
aijbe-575	113	20	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	113	21	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	113	22	emphasized	emphasize	VERB
aijbe-575	113	23	that	that	SCONJ
aijbe-575	113	24	development	development	NOUN
aijbe-575	113	25	is	be	AUX
aijbe-575	113	26	not	not	PART
aijbe-575	113	27	synonymous	synonymous	ADJ
aijbe-575	113	28	with	with	ADP
aijbe-575	113	29	economic	economic	ADJ
aijbe-575	113	30	growth	growth	NOUN
aijbe-575	113	31	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	114	1	development	development	NOUN
aijbe-575	114	2	according	accord	VERB
aijbe-575	114	3	to	to	ADP
aijbe-575	114	4	him	he	PRON
aijbe-575	114	5	involves	involve	VERB
aijbe-575	114	6	qualitative	qualitative	ADJ
aijbe-575	114	7	transformation	transformation	NOUN
aijbe-575	114	8	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	114	9	while	while	SCONJ
aijbe-575	114	10	growth	growth	NOUN
aijbe-575	114	11	is	be	AUX
aijbe-575	114	12	essentially	essentially	ADV
aijbe-575	114	13	quantitative	quantitative	ADJ
aijbe-575	114	14	increase	increase	NOUN
aijbe-575	114	15	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	115	1	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	115	2	goal	goal	NOUN
aijbe-575	115	3	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	115	4	development	development	NOUN
aijbe-575	115	5	is	be	AUX
aijbe-575	115	6	to	to	PART
aijbe-575	115	7	increase	increase	VERB
aijbe-575	115	8	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	115	9	quality	quality	NOUN
aijbe-575	115	10	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	115	11	life	life	NOUN
aijbe-575	115	12	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	115	13	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	115	14	human	human	ADJ
aijbe-575	115	15	population	population	NOUN
aijbe-575	115	16	;	;	PUNCT
aijbe-575	115	17	economic	economic	ADJ
aijbe-575	115	18	growth	growth	NOUN
aijbe-575	115	19	is	be	AUX
aijbe-575	115	20	only	only	ADV
aijbe-575	115	21	one	one	NUM
aijbe-575	115	22	means	mean	NOUN
aijbe-575	115	23	to	to	ADP
aijbe-575	115	24	this	this	DET
aijbe-575	115	25	end	end	NOUN
aijbe-575	115	26	(	(	PUNCT
aijbe-575	115	27	sunday	sunday	PROPN
aijbe-575	115	28	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	115	29	2013	2013	NUM
aijbe-575	115	30	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	115	31	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	116	1	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	116	2	development	development	NOUN
aijbe-575	116	3	reflects	reflect	VERB
aijbe-575	116	4	social	social	ADJ
aijbe-575	116	5	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	116	6	economic	economic	ADJ
aijbe-575	116	7	progress	progress	NOUN
aijbe-575	116	8	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	116	9	requires	require	VERB
aijbe-575	116	10	economic	economic	ADJ
aijbe-575	116	11	growth	growth	NOUN
aijbe-575	116	12	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	117	1	growth	growth	NOUN
aijbe-575	117	2	is	be	AUX
aijbe-575	117	3	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	117	4	vital	vital	ADJ
aijbe-575	117	5	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	117	6	necessary	necessary	ADJ
aijbe-575	117	7	condition	condition	NOUN
aijbe-575	117	8	for	for	ADP
aijbe-575	117	9	development	development	NOUN
aijbe-575	117	10	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	117	11	but	but	CCONJ
aijbe-575	117	12	it	it	PRON
aijbe-575	117	13	is	be	AUX
aijbe-575	117	14	not	not	PART
aijbe-575	117	15	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	117	16	sufficient	sufficient	ADJ
aijbe-575	117	17	condition	condition	NOUN
aijbe-575	117	18	as	as	SCONJ
aijbe-575	117	19	it	it	PRON
aijbe-575	117	20	can	can	AUX
aijbe-575	117	21	not	not	PART
aijbe-575	117	22	guarantee	guarantee	VERB
aijbe-575	117	23	development	development	NOUN
aijbe-575	117	24	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	118	1	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	118	2	extent	extent	NOUN
aijbe-575	118	3	to	to	PART
aijbe-575	118	4	which	which	PRON
aijbe-575	118	5	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	118	6	country	country	NOUN
aijbe-575	118	7	has	have	AUX
aijbe-575	118	8	developed	develop	VERB
aijbe-575	118	9	may	may	AUX
aijbe-575	118	10	be	be	AUX
aijbe-575	118	11	assessed	assess	VERB
aijbe-575	118	12	by	by	ADP
aijbe-575	118	13	considering	consider	VERB
aijbe-575	118	14	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	118	15	range	range	NOUN
aijbe-575	118	16	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	118	17	narrow	narrow	ADJ
aijbe-575	118	18	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	118	19	broad	broad	ADJ
aijbe-575	118	20	indicators	indicator	NOUN
aijbe-575	118	21	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	118	22	including	include	VERB
aijbe-575	118	23	per	per	ADP
aijbe-575	118	24	capita	capita	NOUN
aijbe-575	118	25	income	income	NOUN
aijbe-575	118	26	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	118	27	life	life	NOUN
aijbe-575	118	28	expectancy	expectancy	NOUN
aijbe-575	118	29	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	118	30	education	education	NOUN
aijbe-575	118	31	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	118	32	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	118	33	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	118	34	extent	extent	NOUN
aijbe-575	118	35	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	118	36	poverty	poverty	NOUN
aijbe-575	118	37	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	119	1	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	119	2	general	general	ADJ
aijbe-575	119	3	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	119	4	economic	economic	ADJ
aijbe-575	119	5	development	development	NOUN
aijbe-575	119	6	is	be	AUX
aijbe-575	119	7	usually	usually	ADV
aijbe-575	119	8	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	119	9	focus	focus	NOUN
aijbe-575	119	10	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	119	11	federal	federal	ADJ
aijbe-575	119	12	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	119	13	state	state	NOUN
aijbe-575	119	14	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	119	15	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	119	16	local	local	ADJ
aijbe-575	119	17	governments	government	NOUN
aijbe-575	119	18	to	to	PART
aijbe-575	119	19	improve	improve	VERB
aijbe-575	119	20	our	our	PRON
aijbe-575	119	21	standard	standard	NOUN
aijbe-575	119	22	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	119	23	living	live	VERB
aijbe-575	119	24	through	through	ADP
aijbe-575	119	25	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	119	26	creation	creation	NOUN
aijbe-575	119	27	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	119	28	jobs	job	NOUN
aijbe-575	119	29	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	119	30	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	119	31	support	support	NOUN
aijbe-575	119	32	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	119	33	innovation	innovation	NOUN
aijbe-575	119	34	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	119	35	new	new	ADJ
aijbe-575	119	36	ideas	idea	NOUN
aijbe-575	119	37	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	119	38	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	119	39	creation	creation	NOUN
aijbe-575	119	40	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	119	41	higher	high	ADJ
aijbe-575	119	42	wealth	wealth	NOUN
aijbe-575	119	43	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	119	44	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	119	45	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	119	46	creation	creation	NOUN
aijbe-575	119	47	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	119	48	an	an	DET
aijbe-575	119	49	overall	overall	ADJ
aijbe-575	119	50	better	well	ADJ
aijbe-575	119	51	quality	quality	NOUN
aijbe-575	119	52	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	119	53	life	life	NOUN
aijbe-575	119	54	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	120	1	economic	economic	ADJ
aijbe-575	120	2	development	development	NOUN
aijbe-575	120	3	is	be	AUX
aijbe-575	120	4	often	often	ADV
aijbe-575	120	5	defined	define	VERB
aijbe-575	120	6	by	by	ADP
aijbe-575	120	7	others	other	NOUN
aijbe-575	120	8	based	base	VERB
aijbe-575	120	9	on	on	ADP
aijbe-575	120	10	what	what	PRON
aijbe-575	120	11	it	it	PRON
aijbe-575	120	12	is	be	AUX
aijbe-575	120	13	trying	try	VERB
aijbe-575	120	14	to	to	PART
aijbe-575	120	15	accomplish	accomplish	VERB
aijbe-575	120	16	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	121	1	many	many	ADJ
aijbe-575	121	2	times	time	NOUN
aijbe-575	121	3	these	these	DET
aijbe-575	121	4	objectives	objective	NOUN
aijbe-575	121	5	include	include	VERB
aijbe-575	121	6	building	build	VERB
aijbe-575	121	7	or	or	CCONJ
aijbe-575	121	8	improving	improve	VERB
aijbe-575	121	9	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
aijbe-575	121	10	such	such	ADJ
aijbe-575	121	11	as	as	ADP
aijbe-575	121	12	roads	road	NOUN
aijbe-575	121	13	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	121	14	bridges	bridge	NOUN
aijbe-575	121	15	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	121	16	etc	etc	X
aijbe-575	121	17	.	.	X
aijbe-575	121	18	;	;	PUNCT
aijbe-575	121	19	improving	improve	VERB
aijbe-575	121	20	our	our	PRON
aijbe-575	121	21	education	education	NOUN
aijbe-575	121	22	system	system	NOUN
aijbe-575	121	23	through	through	ADP
aijbe-575	121	24	new	new	ADJ
aijbe-575	121	25	schools	school	NOUN
aijbe-575	121	26	;	;	PUNCT
aijbe-575	121	27	enhancing	enhance	VERB
aijbe-575	121	28	our	our	PRON
aijbe-575	121	29	public	public	ADJ
aijbe-575	121	30	safety	safety	NOUN
aijbe-575	121	31	through	through	ADP
aijbe-575	121	32	fire	fire	NOUN
aijbe-575	121	33	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	121	34	police	police	NOUN
aijbe-575	121	35	service	service	NOUN
aijbe-575	121	36	;	;	PUNCT
aijbe-575	121	37	or	or	CCONJ
aijbe-575	121	38	incentivizing	incentivize	VERB
aijbe-575	121	39	new	new	ADJ
aijbe-575	121	40	businesses	business	NOUN
aijbe-575	121	41	to	to	PART
aijbe-575	121	42	open	open	VERB
aijbe-575	121	43	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	121	44	location	location	NOUN
aijbe-575	121	45	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	121	46	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	121	47	community	community	NOUN
aijbe-575	121	48	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	122	1	economic	economic	ADJ
aijbe-575	122	2	development	development	NOUN
aijbe-575	122	3	often	often	ADV
aijbe-575	122	4	is	be	AUX
aijbe-575	122	5	categorized	categorize	VERB
aijbe-575	122	6	into	into	ADP
aijbe-575	122	7	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	122	8	following	follow	VERB
aijbe-575	122	9	three	three	NUM
aijbe-575	122	10	major	major	ADJ
aijbe-575	122	11	areas	area	NOUN
aijbe-575	122	12	:	:	PUNCT
aijbe-575	122	13	governments	government	NOUN
aijbe-575	122	14	working	work	VERB
aijbe-575	122	15	on	on	ADP
aijbe-575	122	16	big	big	ADJ
aijbe-575	122	17	economic	economic	ADJ
aijbe-575	122	18	objectives	objective	NOUN
aijbe-575	122	19	such	such	ADJ
aijbe-575	122	20	as	as	ADP
aijbe-575	122	21	creating	create	VERB
aijbe-575	122	22	jobs	job	NOUN
aijbe-575	122	23	or	or	CCONJ
aijbe-575	122	24	growing	grow	VERB
aijbe-575	122	25	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	122	26	economy	economy	NOUN
aijbe-575	122	27	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	123	1	these	these	DET
aijbe-575	123	2	initiatives	initiative	NOUN
aijbe-575	123	3	can	can	AUX
aijbe-575	123	4	be	be	AUX
aijbe-575	123	5	accomplished	accomplish	VERB
aijbe-575	123	6	through	through	ADP
aijbe-575	123	7	written	write	VERB
aijbe-575	123	8	laws	law	NOUN
aijbe-575	123	9	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	123	10	industry	industry	NOUN
aijbe-575	123	11	regulations	regulation	NOUN
aijbe-575	123	12	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	123	13	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	123	14	tax	tax	NOUN
aijbe-575	123	15	incentives	incentive	NOUN
aijbe-575	123	16	or	or	CCONJ
aijbe-575	123	17	collections	collection	NOUN
aijbe-575	123	18	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	124	1	programs	program	NOUN
aijbe-575	124	2	that	that	PRON
aijbe-575	124	3	provide	provide	VERB
aijbe-575	124	4	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
aijbe-575	124	5	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	124	6	services	service	NOUN
aijbe-575	124	7	such	such	ADJ
aijbe-575	124	8	as	as	ADP
aijbe-575	124	9	bigger	big	ADJ
aijbe-575	124	10	highways	highway	NOUN
aijbe-575	124	11	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	124	12	community	community	NOUN
aijbe-575	124	13	parks	park	NOUN
aijbe-575	124	14	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	124	15	new	new	ADJ
aijbe-575	124	16	school	school	NOUN
aijbe-575	124	17	programs	program	NOUN
aijbe-575	124	18	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	124	19	facilities	facility	NOUN
aijbe-575	124	20	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	124	21	public	public	ADJ
aijbe-575	124	22	libraries	library	NOUN
aijbe-575	124	23	or	or	CCONJ
aijbe-575	124	24	swimming	swimming	NOUN
aijbe-575	124	25	pools	pool	NOUN
aijbe-575	124	26	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	124	27	new	new	ADJ
aijbe-575	124	28	hospitals	hospital	NOUN
aijbe-575	124	29	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	124	30	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	124	31	crime	crime	NOUN
aijbe-575	124	32	prevention	prevention	NOUN
aijbe-575	124	33	initiatives	initiative	NOUN
aijbe-575	124	34	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	125	1	job	job	NOUN
aijbe-575	125	2	creation	creation	NOUN
aijbe-575	125	3	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	125	4	business	business	NOUN
aijbe-575	125	5	retention	retention	NOUN
aijbe-575	125	6	through	through	ADP
aijbe-575	125	7	workforce	workforce	PROPN
aijbe-575	125	8	development	development	NOUN
aijbe-575	125	9	programs	program	NOUN
aijbe-575	125	10	help	help	VERB
aijbe-575	125	11	people	people	NOUN
aijbe-575	125	12	get	get	VERB
aijbe-575	125	13	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	125	14	needed	needed	ADJ
aijbe-575	125	15	skills	skill	NOUN
aijbe-575	125	16	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	125	17	education	education	NOUN
aijbe-575	125	18	they	they	PRON
aijbe-575	125	19	need	need	VERB
aijbe-575	125	20	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	126	1	this	this	PRON
aijbe-575	126	2	also	also	ADV
aijbe-575	126	3	includes	include	VERB
aijbe-575	126	4	small	small	ADJ
aijbe-575	126	5	business	business	NOUN
aijbe-575	126	6	development	development	NOUN
aijbe-575	126	7	programs	program	NOUN
aijbe-575	126	8	that	that	PRON
aijbe-575	126	9	are	be	AUX
aijbe-575	126	10	geared	gear	VERB
aijbe-575	126	11	to	to	PART
aijbe-575	126	12	help	help	VERB
aijbe-575	126	13	entrepreneurs	entrepreneur	NOUN
aijbe-575	126	14	get	get	VERB
aijbe-575	126	15	financing	financing	NOUN
aijbe-575	126	16	or	or	CCONJ
aijbe-575	126	17	network	network	NOUN
aijbe-575	126	18	with	with	ADP
aijbe-575	126	19	other	other	ADJ
aijbe-575	126	20	small	small	ADJ
aijbe-575	126	21	businesses	business	NOUN
aijbe-575	126	22	(	(	PUNCT
aijbe-575	126	23	song	song	NOUN
aijbe-575	126	24	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	126	25	g.	g.	PROPN
aijbe-575	126	26	qi	qi	PROPN
aijbe-575	126	27	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	126	28	zhang	zhang	PROPN
aijbe-575	126	29	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	126	30	&	&	CCONJ
aijbe-575	126	31	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	126	32	vernooy	vernooy	PROPN
aijbe-575	126	33	2013	2013	NUM
aijbe-575	126	34	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	126	35	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	127	1	2.2	2.2	NUM
aijbe-575	127	2	theoretical	theoretical	ADJ
aijbe-575	127	3	framework	framework	NOUN
aijbe-575	127	4	2.2.1	2.2.1	NUM
aijbe-575	127	5	mercantilism	mercantilism	NOUN
aijbe-575	127	6	theory	theory	NOUN
aijbe-575	127	7	mercantilism	mercantilism	NOUN
aijbe-575	127	8	is	be	AUX
aijbe-575	127	9	economic	economic	ADJ
aijbe-575	127	10	nationalism	nationalism	NOUN
aijbe-575	127	11	for	for	ADP
aijbe-575	127	12	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	127	13	purpose	purpose	NOUN
aijbe-575	127	14	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	127	15	building	build	VERB
aijbe-575	127	16	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	127	17	wealthy	wealthy	ADJ
aijbe-575	127	18	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	127	19	powerful	powerful	ADJ
aijbe-575	127	20	state	state	NOUN
aijbe-575	127	21	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	128	1	adam	adam	PROPN
aijbe-575	128	2	smith	smith	PROPN
aijbe-575	128	3	coined	coin	VERB
aijbe-575	128	4	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	128	5	term	term	NOUN
aijbe-575	128	6	“	"	PUNCT
aijbe-575	128	7	mercantile	mercantile	ADJ
aijbe-575	128	8	system	system	NOUN
aijbe-575	128	9	”	"	PUNCT
aijbe-575	128	10	to	to	PART
aijbe-575	128	11	describe	describe	VERB
aijbe-575	128	12	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	128	13	system	system	NOUN
aijbe-575	128	14	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	128	15	political	political	ADJ
aijbe-575	128	16	economy	economy	NOUN
aijbe-575	128	17	that	that	PRON
aijbe-575	128	18	sought	seek	VERB
aijbe-575	128	19	to	to	PART
aijbe-575	128	20	enrich	enrich	VERB
aijbe-575	128	21	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	128	22	country	country	NOUN
aijbe-575	128	23	by	by	ADP
aijbe-575	128	24	restraining	restrain	VERB
aijbe-575	128	25	imports	import	NOUN
aijbe-575	128	26	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	128	27	encouraging	encourage	VERB
aijbe-575	128	28	exports	export	NOUN
aijbe-575	128	29	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	129	1	this	this	DET
aijbe-575	129	2	system	system	NOUN
aijbe-575	129	3	dominated	dominate	VERB
aijbe-575	129	4	western	western	ADJ
aijbe-575	129	5	european	european	ADJ
aijbe-575	129	6	economic	economic	ADJ
aijbe-575	129	7	thought	thought	NOUN
aijbe-575	129	8	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	129	9	policies	policy	NOUN
aijbe-575	129	10	from	from	ADP
aijbe-575	129	11	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	129	12	sixteenth	sixteenth	NOUN
aijbe-575	129	13	to	to	ADP
aijbe-575	129	14	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	129	15	late	late	ADJ
aijbe-575	129	16	eighteenth	eighteenth	ADJ
aijbe-575	129	17	centuries	century	NOUN
aijbe-575	129	18	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	130	1	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	130	2	goal	goal	NOUN
aijbe-575	130	3	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	130	4	these	these	DET
aijbe-575	130	5	policies	policy	NOUN
aijbe-575	130	6	was	be	AUX
aijbe-575	130	7	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	130	8	supposedly	supposedly	ADV
aijbe-575	130	9	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	130	10	to	to	PART
aijbe-575	130	11	achieve	achieve	VERB
aijbe-575	130	12	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	130	13	“	"	PUNCT
aijbe-575	130	14	favorable	favorable	ADJ
aijbe-575	130	15	”	"	PUNCT
aijbe-575	130	16	balance	balance	NOUN
aijbe-575	130	17	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	130	18	trade	trade	NOUN
aijbe-575	130	19	that	that	PRON
aijbe-575	130	20	would	would	AUX
aijbe-575	130	21	bring	bring	VERB
aijbe-575	130	22	gold	gold	NOUN
aijbe-575	130	23	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	130	24	silver	silver	NOUN
aijbe-575	130	25	into	into	ADP
aijbe-575	130	26	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	130	27	country	country	NOUN
aijbe-575	130	28	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	130	29	also	also	ADV
aijbe-575	130	30	to	to	PART
aijbe-575	130	31	maintain	maintain	VERB
aijbe-575	130	32	domestic	domestic	ADJ
aijbe-575	130	33	employment	employment	NOUN
aijbe-575	130	34	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	131	1	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	131	2	contrast	contrast	NOUN
aijbe-575	131	3	to	to	ADP
aijbe-575	131	4	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	131	5	agricultural	agricultural	ADJ
aijbe-575	131	6	system	system	NOUN
aijbe-575	131	7	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	131	8	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	131	9	physiocrats	physiocrat	NOUN
aijbe-575	131	10	or	or	CCONJ
aijbe-575	131	11	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	131	12	laissez	laissez	NOUN
aijbe-575	131	13	-	-	PUNCT
aijbe-575	131	14	faire	faire	NOUN
aijbe-575	131	15	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	131	16	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	131	17	nineteenth	nineteenth	ADJ
aijbe-575	131	18	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	131	19	early	early	ADJ
aijbe-575	131	20	twentieth	twentieth	ADJ
aijbe-575	131	21	centuries	century	NOUN
aijbe-575	131	22	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	131	23	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	131	24	mercantile	mercantile	NOUN
aijbe-575	131	25	system	system	NOUN
aijbe-575	131	26	served	serve	VERB
aijbe-575	131	27	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	131	28	interests	interest	NOUN
aijbe-575	131	29	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	131	30	merchants	merchant	NOUN
aijbe-575	131	31	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	131	32	producers	producer	NOUN
aijbe-575	131	33	such	such	ADJ
aijbe-575	131	34	as	as	ADP
aijbe-575	131	35	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	131	36	british	british	PROPN
aijbe-575	131	37	east	east	PROPN
aijbe-575	131	38	india	india	PROPN
aijbe-575	131	39	company	company	NOUN
aijbe-575	131	40	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	131	41	whose	whose	DET
aijbe-575	131	42	activities	activity	NOUN
aijbe-575	131	43	were	be	AUX
aijbe-575	131	44	protected	protect	VERB
aijbe-575	131	45	or	or	CCONJ
aijbe-575	131	46	encouraged	encourage	VERB
aijbe-575	131	47	by	by	ADP
aijbe-575	131	48	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	131	49	state	state	NOUN
aijbe-575	131	50	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	132	1	mercantilism	mercantilism	NOUN
aijbe-575	132	2	is	be	AUX
aijbe-575	132	3	an	an	DET
aijbe-575	132	4	economic	economic	ADJ
aijbe-575	132	5	theory	theory	NOUN
aijbe-575	132	6	that	that	PRON
aijbe-575	132	7	emphasizes	emphasize	VERB
aijbe-575	132	8	self	self	NOUN
aijbe-575	132	9	-	-	PUNCT
aijbe-575	132	10	sufficiency	sufficiency	NOUN
aijbe-575	132	11	through	through	ADP
aijbe-575	132	12	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	132	13	favorable	favorable	ADJ
aijbe-575	132	14	balance	balance	NOUN
aijbe-575	132	15	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	132	16	trade	trade	NOUN
aijbe-575	132	17	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	133	1	mercantilist	mercantilist	ADJ
aijbe-575	133	2	policies	policy	NOUN
aijbe-575	133	3	focus	focus	VERB
aijbe-575	133	4	on	on	ADP
aijbe-575	133	5	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	133	6	accumulation	accumulation	NOUN
aijbe-575	133	7	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	133	8	wealth	wealth	NOUN
aijbe-575	133	9	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	133	10	resources	resource	NOUN
aijbe-575	133	11	while	while	SCONJ
aijbe-575	133	12	maintaining	maintain	VERB
aijbe-575	133	13	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	133	14	positive	positive	ADJ
aijbe-575	133	15	trade	trade	NOUN
aijbe-575	133	16	balance	balance	NOUN
aijbe-575	133	17	with	with	ADP
aijbe-575	133	18	other	other	ADJ
aijbe-575	133	19	countries	country	NOUN
aijbe-575	133	20	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	134	1	by	by	ADP
aijbe-575	134	2	maximizing	maximize	VERB
aijbe-575	134	3	exports	export	NOUN
aijbe-575	134	4	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	134	5	minimizing	minimize	VERB
aijbe-575	134	6	imports	import	NOUN
aijbe-575	134	7	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	134	8	mercantilism	mercantilism	NOUN
aijbe-575	134	9	is	be	AUX
aijbe-575	134	10	also	also	ADV
aijbe-575	134	11	viewed	view	VERB
aijbe-575	134	12	as	as	ADP
aijbe-575	134	13	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	134	14	form	form	NOUN
aijbe-575	134	15	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	134	16	economic	economic	ADJ
aijbe-575	134	17	protectionism	protectionism	NOUN
aijbe-575	134	18	(	(	PUNCT
aijbe-575	134	19	magnusson	magnusson	PROPN
aijbe-575	134	20	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	134	21	1994	1994	NUM
aijbe-575	134	22	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	134	23	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	135	1	originating	originate	VERB
aijbe-575	135	2	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	135	3	16th	16th	ADJ
aijbe-575	135	4	-	-	PUNCT
aijbe-575	135	5	century	century	NOUN
aijbe-575	135	6	europe	europe	NOUN
aijbe-575	135	7	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	135	8	mercantilism	mercantilism	NOUN
aijbe-575	135	9	is	be	AUX
aijbe-575	135	10	now	now	ADV
aijbe-575	135	11	viewed	view	VERB
aijbe-575	135	12	as	as	ADP
aijbe-575	135	13	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	135	14	mostly	mostly	ADV
aijbe-575	135	15	outdated	outdated	ADJ
aijbe-575	135	16	economic	economic	ADJ
aijbe-575	135	17	theory	theory	NOUN
aijbe-575	135	18	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	135	19	replaced	replace	VERB
aijbe-575	135	20	by	by	ADP
aijbe-575	135	21	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	135	22	supply	supply	NOUN
aijbe-575	135	23	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	135	24	demand	demand	NOUN
aijbe-575	135	25	forces	force	NOUN
aijbe-575	135	26	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	135	27	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	135	28	market	market	NOUN
aijbe-575	135	29	economy	economy	NOUN
aijbe-575	135	30	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	136	1	present	present	ADJ
aijbe-575	136	2	-	-	PUNCT
aijbe-575	136	3	day	day	NOUN
aijbe-575	136	4	mercantilism	mercantilism	NOUN
aijbe-575	136	5	commonly	commonly	ADV
aijbe-575	136	6	refers	refer	VERB
aijbe-575	136	7	to	to	ADP
aijbe-575	136	8	economic	economic	ADJ
aijbe-575	136	9	policies	policy	NOUN
aijbe-575	136	10	that	that	PRON
aijbe-575	136	11	restrict	restrict	VERB
aijbe-575	136	12	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	136	13	importation	importation	NOUN
aijbe-575	136	14	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	136	15	foreign	foreign	ADJ
aijbe-575	136	16	goods	good	NOUN
aijbe-575	136	17	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	137	1	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	137	2	dominant	dominant	ADJ
aijbe-575	137	3	economic	economic	ADJ
aijbe-575	137	4	theory	theory	NOUN
aijbe-575	137	5	was	be	AUX
aijbe-575	137	6	that	that	SCONJ
aijbe-575	137	7	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	137	8	global	global	ADJ
aijbe-575	137	9	supply	supply	NOUN
aijbe-575	137	10	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	137	11	wealth	wealth	NOUN
aijbe-575	137	12	was	be	AUX
aijbe-575	137	13	finite	finite	ADJ
aijbe-575	137	14	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	137	15	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	137	16	it	it	PRON
aijbe-575	137	17	was	be	AUX
aijbe-575	137	18	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	137	19	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	137	20	nation	nation	NOUN
aijbe-575	137	21	’s	’s	PART
aijbe-575	137	22	best	good	ADJ
aijbe-575	137	23	interest	interest	NOUN
aijbe-575	137	24	to	to	PART
aijbe-575	137	25	accumulate	accumulate	VERB
aijbe-575	137	26	as	as	ADV
aijbe-575	137	27	much	much	ADV
aijbe-575	137	28	as	as	ADP
aijbe-575	137	29	possible	possible	ADJ
aijbe-575	137	30	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	138	1	during	during	ADP
aijbe-575	138	2	that	that	DET
aijbe-575	138	3	time	time	NOUN
aijbe-575	138	4	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	138	5	wealth	wealth	NOUN
aijbe-575	138	6	was	be	AUX
aijbe-575	138	7	measured	measure	VERB
aijbe-575	138	8	by	by	ADP
aijbe-575	138	9	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	138	10	country	country	NOUN
aijbe-575	138	11	’s	’s	PART
aijbe-575	138	12	quantity	quantity	NOUN
aijbe-575	138	13	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	138	14	silver	silver	NOUN
aijbe-575	138	15	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	138	16	gold	gold	NOUN
aijbe-575	138	17	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	139	1	to	to	PART
aijbe-575	139	2	accumulate	accumulate	VERB
aijbe-575	139	3	more	more	ADJ
aijbe-575	139	4	wealth	wealth	NOUN
aijbe-575	139	5	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	139	6	european	european	ADJ
aijbe-575	139	7	countries	country	NOUN
aijbe-575	139	8	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	139	9	such	such	ADJ
aijbe-575	139	10	as	as	ADP
aijbe-575	139	11	britain	britain	PROPN
aijbe-575	139	12	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	139	13	france	france	PROPN
aijbe-575	139	14	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	139	15	would	would	AUX
aijbe-575	139	16	focus	focus	VERB
aijbe-575	139	17	on	on	ADP
aijbe-575	139	18	maximizing	maximize	VERB
aijbe-575	139	19	their	their	PRON
aijbe-575	139	20	exports	export	NOUN
aijbe-575	139	21	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	139	22	minimizing	minimize	VERB
aijbe-575	139	23	imports	import	NOUN
aijbe-575	139	24	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	139	25	which	which	PRON
aijbe-575	139	26	resulted	result	VERB
aijbe-575	139	27	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	139	28	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	139	29	favorable	favorable	ADJ
aijbe-575	139	30	balance	balance	NOUN
aijbe-575	139	31	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	139	32	trade	trade	NOUN
aijbe-575	139	33	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	140	1	for	for	ADP
aijbe-575	140	2	countries	country	NOUN
aijbe-575	140	3	with	with	ADP
aijbe-575	140	4	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	140	5	negative	negative	ADJ
aijbe-575	140	6	trade	trade	NOUN
aijbe-575	140	7	balance	balance	NOUN
aijbe-575	140	8	with	with	ADP
aijbe-575	140	9	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	140	10	mercantilist	mercantilist	ADJ
aijbe-575	140	11	country	country	NOUN
aijbe-575	140	12	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	140	13	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	140	14	difference	difference	NOUN
aijbe-575	140	15	would	would	AUX
aijbe-575	140	16	be	be	AUX
aijbe-575	140	17	paid	pay	VERB
aijbe-575	140	18	back	back	ADV
aijbe-575	140	19	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	140	20	silver	silver	NOUN
aijbe-575	140	21	or	or	CCONJ
aijbe-575	140	22	gold	gold	NOUN
aijbe-575	140	23	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	141	1	to	to	PART
aijbe-575	141	2	maintain	maintain	VERB
aijbe-575	141	3	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	141	4	favorable	favorable	ADJ
aijbe-575	141	5	trade	trade	NOUN
aijbe-575	141	6	balance	balance	NOUN
aijbe-575	141	7	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	141	8	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	141	9	early	early	ADJ
aijbe-575	141	10	mercantilist	mercantilist	ADJ
aijbe-575	141	11	countries	country	NOUN
aijbe-575	141	12	would	would	AUX
aijbe-575	141	13	enact	enact	VERB
aijbe-575	141	14	imperialist	imperialist	ADJ
aijbe-575	141	15	policies	policy	NOUN
aijbe-575	141	16	by	by	ADP
aijbe-575	141	17	setting	set	VERB
aijbe-575	141	18	up	up	ADP
aijbe-575	141	19	colonies	colony	NOUN
aijbe-575	141	20	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	141	21	smaller	small	ADJ
aijbe-575	141	22	nations	nation	NOUN
aijbe-575	141	23	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	142	1	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	142	2	aim	aim	NOUN
aijbe-575	142	3	was	be	AUX
aijbe-575	142	4	to	to	PART
aijbe-575	142	5	extract	extract	VERB
aijbe-575	142	6	raw	raw	ADJ
aijbe-575	142	7	material	material	NOUN
aijbe-575	142	8	to	to	PART
aijbe-575	142	9	send	send	VERB
aijbe-575	142	10	back	back	ADV
aijbe-575	142	11	to	to	ADP
aijbe-575	142	12	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	142	13	home	home	NOUN
aijbe-575	142	14	country	country	NOUN
aijbe-575	142	15	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	142	16	where	where	SCONJ
aijbe-575	142	17	it	it	PRON
aijbe-575	142	18	would	would	AUX
aijbe-575	142	19	be	be	AUX
aijbe-575	142	20	refined	refine	VERB
aijbe-575	142	21	into	into	ADP
aijbe-575	142	22	manufactured	manufacture	VERB
aijbe-575	142	23	goods	good	NOUN
aijbe-575	142	24	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	143	1	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	143	2	goods	good	NOUN
aijbe-575	143	3	would	would	AUX
aijbe-575	143	4	then	then	ADV
aijbe-575	143	5	be	be	AUX
aijbe-575	143	6	resold	resold	VERB
aijbe-575	143	7	balogun	balogun	VERB
aijbe-575	143	8	david	david	PROPN
aijbe-575	143	9	ibukun	ibukun	PROPN
aijbe-575	143	10	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	143	11	prof	prof	NOUN
aijbe-575	143	12	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	144	1	okechukwu	okechukwu	PROPN
aijbe-575	144	2	e.	e.	PROPN
aijbe-575	144	3	u.	u.	PROPN
aijbe-575	144	4	(	(	PUNCT
aijbe-575	144	5	2023	2023	NUM
aijbe-575	144	6	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	144	7	6	6	NUM
aijbe-575	144	8	american	american	ADJ
aijbe-575	144	9	interdisciplinary	interdisciplinary	ADJ
aijbe-575	144	10	journal	journal	NOUN
aijbe-575	144	11	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	144	12	business	business	NOUN
aijbe-575	144	13	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	144	14	economics	economic	NOUN
aijbe-575	144	15	|	|	ADV
aijbe-575	144	16	https://sadijournals.org/index.php/aijbe	https://sadijournals.org/index.php/aijbe	VERB
aijbe-575	144	17	to	to	ADP
aijbe-575	144	18	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	144	19	colonies	colony	NOUN
aijbe-575	144	20	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	144	21	allowing	allow	VERB
aijbe-575	144	22	early	early	ADJ
aijbe-575	144	23	mercantilist	mercantilist	ADJ
aijbe-575	144	24	nations	nation	NOUN
aijbe-575	144	25	to	to	PART
aijbe-575	144	26	accumulate	accumulate	VERB
aijbe-575	144	27	wealth	wealth	NOUN
aijbe-575	144	28	through	through	ADP
aijbe-575	144	29	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	144	30	positive	positive	ADJ
aijbe-575	144	31	trade	trade	NOUN
aijbe-575	144	32	balance	balance	NOUN
aijbe-575	144	33	(	(	PUNCT
aijbe-575	144	34	smith	smith	PROPN
aijbe-575	144	35	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	144	36	1937	1937	NUM
aijbe-575	144	37	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	144	38	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	145	1	as	as	ADP
aijbe-575	145	2	an	an	DET
aijbe-575	145	3	economic	economic	ADJ
aijbe-575	145	4	theory	theory	NOUN
aijbe-575	145	5	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	145	6	mercantilism	mercantilism	NOUN
aijbe-575	145	7	relies	rely	VERB
aijbe-575	145	8	on	on	ADP
aijbe-575	145	9	government	government	NOUN
aijbe-575	145	10	intervention	intervention	NOUN
aijbe-575	145	11	to	to	PART
aijbe-575	145	12	regulate	regulate	VERB
aijbe-575	145	13	international	international	ADJ
aijbe-575	145	14	trade	trade	NOUN
aijbe-575	145	15	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	145	16	protect	protect	VERB
aijbe-575	145	17	domestic	domestic	ADJ
aijbe-575	145	18	industries	industry	NOUN
aijbe-575	145	19	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	146	1	mercantilist	mercantilist	ADJ
aijbe-575	146	2	policies	policy	NOUN
aijbe-575	146	3	involve	involve	VERB
aijbe-575	146	4	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	146	5	protection	protection	NOUN
aijbe-575	146	6	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	146	7	domestic	domestic	ADJ
aijbe-575	146	8	corporations	corporation	NOUN
aijbe-575	146	9	through	through	ADP
aijbe-575	146	10	regulations	regulation	NOUN
aijbe-575	146	11	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	146	12	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	146	13	promotion	promotion	NOUN
aijbe-575	146	14	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	146	15	trade	trade	NOUN
aijbe-575	146	16	surpluses	surplus	NOUN
aijbe-575	146	17	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	147	1	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	147	2	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	147	3	context	context	NOUN
aijbe-575	147	4	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	147	5	international	international	ADJ
aijbe-575	147	6	trade	trade	NOUN
aijbe-575	147	7	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	147	8	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	147	9	favorable	favorable	ADJ
aijbe-575	147	10	trade	trade	NOUN
aijbe-575	147	11	balance	balance	NOUN
aijbe-575	147	12	is	be	AUX
aijbe-575	147	13	achieved	achieve	VERB
aijbe-575	147	14	through	through	ADP
aijbe-575	147	15	government	government	NOUN
aijbe-575	147	16	regulations	regulation	NOUN
aijbe-575	147	17	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	147	18	such	such	ADJ
aijbe-575	147	19	as	as	ADP
aijbe-575	147	20	tariffs	tariff	NOUN
aijbe-575	147	21	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	147	22	restrictions	restriction	NOUN
aijbe-575	147	23	on	on	ADP
aijbe-575	147	24	imports	import	NOUN
aijbe-575	147	25	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	148	1	on	on	ADP
aijbe-575	148	2	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	148	3	domestic	domestic	ADJ
aijbe-575	148	4	side	side	NOUN
aijbe-575	148	5	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	148	6	mercantilist	mercantilist	NOUN
aijbe-575	148	7	policies	policy	NOUN
aijbe-575	148	8	support	support	VERB
aijbe-575	148	9	domestic	domestic	ADJ
aijbe-575	148	10	industries	industry	NOUN
aijbe-575	148	11	by	by	ADP
aijbe-575	148	12	establishing	establish	VERB
aijbe-575	148	13	monopolies	monopoly	NOUN
aijbe-575	148	14	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	148	15	allocating	allocate	VERB
aijbe-575	148	16	capital	capital	NOUN
aijbe-575	148	17	to	to	PART
aijbe-575	148	18	encourage	encourage	VERB
aijbe-575	148	19	growth	growth	NOUN
aijbe-575	148	20	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	149	1	such	such	ADJ
aijbe-575	149	2	policies	policy	NOUN
aijbe-575	149	3	are	be	AUX
aijbe-575	149	4	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	149	5	form	form	NOUN
aijbe-575	149	6	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	149	7	economic	economic	ADJ
aijbe-575	149	8	protectionism	protectionism	NOUN
aijbe-575	149	9	meant	mean	VERB
aijbe-575	149	10	to	to	PART
aijbe-575	149	11	encourage	encourage	VERB
aijbe-575	149	12	self	self	NOUN
aijbe-575	149	13	-	-	PUNCT
aijbe-575	149	14	sufficiency	sufficiency	NOUN
aijbe-575	149	15	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	149	16	are	be	AUX
aijbe-575	149	17	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	149	18	direct	direct	ADJ
aijbe-575	149	19	opposition	opposition	NOUN
aijbe-575	149	20	to	to	ADP
aijbe-575	149	21	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	149	22	free	free	ADJ
aijbe-575	149	23	-	-	PUNCT
aijbe-575	149	24	market	market	NOUN
aijbe-575	149	25	economics	economic	NOUN
aijbe-575	149	26	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	149	27	trade	trade	NOUN
aijbe-575	149	28	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	149	29	globalization	globalization	NOUN
aijbe-575	149	30	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	150	1	2.3	2.3	NUM
aijbe-575	150	2	empirical	empirical	ADJ
aijbe-575	150	3	review	review	NOUN
aijbe-575	150	4	temidayo	temidayo	VERB
aijbe-575	150	5	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	150	6	opeyemi	opeyemi	NOUN
aijbe-575	150	7	&	&	CCONJ
aijbe-575	150	8	grace	grace	NOUN
aijbe-575	150	9	(	(	PUNCT
aijbe-575	150	10	2022	2022	NUM
aijbe-575	150	11	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	150	12	carried	carry	VERB
aijbe-575	150	13	out	out	ADP
aijbe-575	150	14	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	150	15	study	study	NOUN
aijbe-575	150	16	on	on	ADP
aijbe-575	150	17	institutional	institutional	ADJ
aijbe-575	150	18	quality	quality	NOUN
aijbe-575	150	19	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	150	20	trade	trade	NOUN
aijbe-575	150	21	protection	protection	NOUN
aijbe-575	150	22	policy	policy	NOUN
aijbe-575	150	23	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	150	24	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	150	25	macroeconomic	macroeconomic	ADJ
aijbe-575	150	26	performance	performance	NOUN
aijbe-575	150	27	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	150	28	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
aijbe-575	150	29	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	151	1	annual	annual	ADJ
aijbe-575	151	2	data	datum	NOUN
aijbe-575	151	3	on	on	ADP
aijbe-575	151	4	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	151	5	exchange	exchange	NOUN
aijbe-575	151	6	rate	rate	NOUN
aijbe-575	151	7	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	151	8	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijbe-575	151	9	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	151	10	unemployment	unemployment	NOUN
aijbe-575	151	11	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	151	12	economic	economic	ADJ
aijbe-575	151	13	growth	growth	NOUN
aijbe-575	151	14	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	151	15	trade	trade	NOUN
aijbe-575	151	16	protectionist	protectionist	ADJ
aijbe-575	151	17	policy	policy	NOUN
aijbe-575	151	18	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	151	19	government	government	NOUN
aijbe-575	151	20	capital	capital	NOUN
aijbe-575	151	21	expenditure	expenditure	NOUN
aijbe-575	151	22	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	151	23	government	government	NOUN
aijbe-575	151	24	expenditure	expenditure	NOUN
aijbe-575	151	25	on	on	ADP
aijbe-575	151	26	education	education	NOUN
aijbe-575	151	27	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	151	28	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	151	29	government	government	NOUN
aijbe-575	151	30	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
aijbe-575	151	31	covering	cover	VERB
aijbe-575	151	32	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	151	33	period	period	NOUN
aijbe-575	151	34	from	from	ADP
aijbe-575	151	35	1981	1981	NUM
aijbe-575	151	36	to	to	ADP
aijbe-575	151	37	2019	2019	NUM
aijbe-575	151	38	were	be	AUX
aijbe-575	151	39	sourced	source	VERB
aijbe-575	151	40	from	from	ADP
aijbe-575	151	41	world	world	PROPN
aijbe-575	151	42	bank	bank	PROPN
aijbe-575	151	43	development	development	NOUN
aijbe-575	151	44	indicators	indicator	NOUN
aijbe-575	151	45	(	(	PUNCT
aijbe-575	151	46	wdi	wdi	PROPN
aijbe-575	151	47	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	151	48	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	151	49	central	central	ADJ
aijbe-575	151	50	bank	bank	PROPN
aijbe-575	151	51	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	151	52	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
aijbe-575	151	53	(	(	PUNCT
aijbe-575	151	54	cbn	cbn	PROPN
aijbe-575	151	55	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	151	56	statistical	statistical	ADJ
aijbe-575	151	57	bulletin	bulletin	NOUN
aijbe-575	151	58	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	151	59	international	international	ADJ
aijbe-575	151	60	country	country	NOUN
aijbe-575	151	61	risk	risk	NOUN
aijbe-575	151	62	guide	guide	NOUN
aijbe-575	151	63	(	(	PUNCT
aijbe-575	151	64	icrgs	icrgs	PROPN
aijbe-575	151	65	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	151	66	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	152	1	data	datum	NOUN
aijbe-575	152	2	collected	collect	VERB
aijbe-575	152	3	were	be	AUX
aijbe-575	152	4	analyzed	analyze	VERB
aijbe-575	152	5	using	use	VERB
aijbe-575	152	6	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	152	7	autoregressive	autoregressive	ADJ
aijbe-575	152	8	distributed	distribute	VERB
aijbe-575	152	9	lag	lag	NOUN
aijbe-575	152	10	(	(	PUNCT
aijbe-575	152	11	ardl	ardl	NOUN
aijbe-575	152	12	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	152	13	model	model	NOUN
aijbe-575	152	14	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	152	15	var	var	PROPN
aijbe-575	152	16	granger	granger	PROPN
aijbe-575	152	17	causality	causality	PROPN
aijbe-575	152	18	test	test	NOUN
aijbe-575	152	19	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	153	1	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	153	2	results	result	NOUN
aijbe-575	153	3	showed	show	VERB
aijbe-575	153	4	that	that	SCONJ
aijbe-575	153	5	due	due	ADP
aijbe-575	153	6	to	to	ADP
aijbe-575	153	7	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	153	8	high	high	ADJ
aijbe-575	153	9	level	level	NOUN
aijbe-575	153	10	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	153	11	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijbe-575	153	12	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	153	13	low	low	ADJ
aijbe-575	153	14	level	level	NOUN
aijbe-575	153	15	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	153	16	government	government	NOUN
aijbe-575	153	17	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
aijbe-575	153	18	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	153	19	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	153	20	economy	economy	NOUN
aijbe-575	153	21	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	153	22	institutional	institutional	ADJ
aijbe-575	153	23	quality	quality	NOUN
aijbe-575	153	24	plays	play	VERB
aijbe-575	153	25	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	153	26	negative	negative	ADJ
aijbe-575	153	27	role	role	NOUN
aijbe-575	153	28	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	153	29	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	153	30	relationship	relationship	NOUN
aijbe-575	153	31	between	between	ADP
aijbe-575	153	32	trade	trade	NOUN
aijbe-575	153	33	protectionist	protectionist	ADJ
aijbe-575	153	34	policy	policy	NOUN
aijbe-575	153	35	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	153	36	macroeconomic	macroeconomic	ADJ
aijbe-575	153	37	performance	performance	NOUN
aijbe-575	153	38	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	153	39	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
aijbe-575	153	40	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	154	1	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	154	2	study	study	NOUN
aijbe-575	154	3	also	also	ADV
aijbe-575	154	4	found	find	VERB
aijbe-575	154	5	that	that	SCONJ
aijbe-575	154	6	trade	trade	NOUN
aijbe-575	154	7	protectionist	protectionist	ADJ
aijbe-575	154	8	policy	policy	NOUN
aijbe-575	154	9	causes	cause	NOUN
aijbe-575	154	10	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	154	11	significantly	significantly	ADV
aijbe-575	154	12	explains	explain	VERB
aijbe-575	154	13	changes	change	NOUN
aijbe-575	154	14	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	154	15	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	154	16	exchange	exchange	NOUN
aijbe-575	154	17	rate	rate	NOUN
aijbe-575	154	18	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	154	19	economic	economic	ADJ
aijbe-575	154	20	growth	growth	NOUN
aijbe-575	154	21	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	154	22	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
aijbe-575	154	23	while	while	SCONJ
aijbe-575	154	24	unemployment	unemployment	NOUN
aijbe-575	154	25	causes	cause	VERB
aijbe-575	154	26	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	154	27	explains	explain	VERB
aijbe-575	154	28	changes	change	NOUN
aijbe-575	154	29	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	154	30	trade	trade	NOUN
aijbe-575	154	31	protectionist	protectionist	ADJ
aijbe-575	154	32	policy	policy	NOUN
aijbe-575	154	33	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	154	34	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
aijbe-575	154	35	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	155	1	this	this	DET
aijbe-575	155	2	study	study	NOUN
aijbe-575	155	3	concluded	conclude	VERB
aijbe-575	155	4	that	that	SCONJ
aijbe-575	155	5	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	155	6	absence	absence	NOUN
aijbe-575	155	7	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	155	8	institutional	institutional	ADJ
aijbe-575	155	9	quality	quality	NOUN
aijbe-575	155	10	mitigates	mitigate	VERB
aijbe-575	155	11	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	155	12	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
aijbe-575	155	13	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	155	14	trade	trade	NOUN
aijbe-575	155	15	protectionist	protectionist	ADJ
aijbe-575	155	16	policy	policy	NOUN
aijbe-575	155	17	on	on	ADP
aijbe-575	155	18	macroeconomic	macroeconomic	ADJ
aijbe-575	155	19	performance	performance	NOUN
aijbe-575	155	20	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	155	21	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
aijbe-575	155	22	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	156	1	olufunke	olufunke	PROPN
aijbe-575	156	2	&	&	CCONJ
aijbe-575	156	3	olufemi	olufemi	PROPN
aijbe-575	156	4	(	(	PUNCT
aijbe-575	156	5	2022	2022	NUM
aijbe-575	156	6	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	156	7	carried	carry	VERB
aijbe-575	156	8	out	out	ADP
aijbe-575	156	9	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	156	10	study	study	NOUN
aijbe-575	156	11	on	on	ADP
aijbe-575	156	12	trade	trade	NOUN
aijbe-575	156	13	protectionism	protectionism	NOUN
aijbe-575	156	14	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	156	15	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	156	16	manufacturing	manufacturing	NOUN
aijbe-575	156	17	sector	sector	NOUN
aijbe-575	156	18	:	:	PUNCT
aijbe-575	156	19	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	156	20	review	review	NOUN
aijbe-575	156	21	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	156	22	border	border	NOUN
aijbe-575	156	23	closure	closure	NOUN
aijbe-575	156	24	policy	policy	NOUN
aijbe-575	156	25	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	156	26	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
aijbe-575	156	27	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	157	1	this	this	DET
aijbe-575	157	2	study	study	NOUN
aijbe-575	157	3	empirically	empirically	ADV
aijbe-575	157	4	investigates	investigate	VERB
aijbe-575	157	5	to	to	PART
aijbe-575	157	6	ascertain	ascertain	VERB
aijbe-575	157	7	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	157	8	impact	impact	NOUN
aijbe-575	157	9	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	157	10	trade	trade	NOUN
aijbe-575	157	11	protection	protection	NOUN
aijbe-575	157	12	vis	vis	X
aijbe-575	157	13	-	-	PUNCT
aijbe-575	157	14	à	à	X
aijbe-575	157	15	-	-	PUNCT
aijbe-575	157	16	vis	vis	X
aijbe-575	157	17	border	border	NOUN
aijbe-575	157	18	closure	closure	NOUN
aijbe-575	157	19	policy	policy	NOUN
aijbe-575	157	20	on	on	ADP
aijbe-575	157	21	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	157	22	manufacturing	manufacturing	NOUN
aijbe-575	157	23	sector	sector	NOUN
aijbe-575	157	24	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	157	25	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
aijbe-575	157	26	between	between	ADP
aijbe-575	157	27	january	january	PROPN
aijbe-575	157	28	2018	2018	NUM
aijbe-575	157	29	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	157	30	june	june	PROPN
aijbe-575	157	31	2021	2021	NUM
aijbe-575	157	32	using	use	VERB
aijbe-575	157	33	monthly	monthly	ADJ
aijbe-575	157	34	secondary	secondary	ADJ
aijbe-575	157	35	data	datum	NOUN
aijbe-575	157	36	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	158	1	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	158	2	study	study	NOUN
aijbe-575	158	3	employs	employ	VERB
aijbe-575	158	4	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	158	5	traditional	traditional	ADJ
aijbe-575	158	6	theory	theory	NOUN
aijbe-575	158	7	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	158	8	protectionism	protectionism	NOUN
aijbe-575	158	9	as	as	ADP
aijbe-575	158	10	its	its	PRON
aijbe-575	158	11	theoretical	theoretical	ADJ
aijbe-575	158	12	framework	framework	NOUN
aijbe-575	158	13	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	159	1	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	159	2	chow	chow	PROPN
aijbe-575	159	3	breakpoint	breakpoint	NOUN
aijbe-575	159	4	result	result	NOUN
aijbe-575	159	5	revealed	reveal	VERB
aijbe-575	159	6	that	that	SCONJ
aijbe-575	159	7	there	there	PRON
aijbe-575	159	8	is	be	VERB
aijbe-575	159	9	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	159	10	significant	significant	ADJ
aijbe-575	159	11	change	change	NOUN
aijbe-575	159	12	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	159	13	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	159	14	parameters	parameter	NOUN
aijbe-575	159	15	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	159	16	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	159	17	model	model	NOUN
aijbe-575	159	18	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	159	19	july	july	PROPN
aijbe-575	159	20	2019	2019	NUM
aijbe-575	159	21	which	which	PRON
aijbe-575	159	22	coincides	coincide	VERB
aijbe-575	159	23	with	with	ADP
aijbe-575	159	24	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	159	25	time	time	NOUN
aijbe-575	159	26	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	159	27	policy	policy	NOUN
aijbe-575	159	28	implementation	implementation	NOUN
aijbe-575	159	29	started	start	VERB
aijbe-575	159	30	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	160	1	it	it	PRON
aijbe-575	160	2	employs	employ	VERB
aijbe-575	160	3	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	160	4	dummy	dummy	ADJ
aijbe-575	160	5	variable	variable	NOUN
aijbe-575	160	6	to	to	PART
aijbe-575	160	7	investigate	investigate	VERB
aijbe-575	160	8	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	160	9	impact	impact	NOUN
aijbe-575	160	10	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	160	11	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	160	12	policy	policy	NOUN
aijbe-575	160	13	on	on	ADP
aijbe-575	160	14	manufacturing	manufacturing	NOUN
aijbe-575	160	15	sector	sector	NOUN
aijbe-575	160	16	output	output	NOUN
aijbe-575	160	17	as	as	ADP
aijbe-575	160	18	against	against	ADP
aijbe-575	160	19	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	160	20	use	use	NOUN
aijbe-575	160	21	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	160	22	two	two	NUM
aijbe-575	160	23	regression	regression	NOUN
aijbe-575	160	24	models	model	NOUN
aijbe-575	160	25	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	161	1	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	161	2	regression	regression	NOUN
aijbe-575	161	3	analysis	analysis	NOUN
aijbe-575	161	4	revealed	reveal	VERB
aijbe-575	161	5	that	that	SCONJ
aijbe-575	161	6	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	161	7	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	161	8	short	short	ADJ
aijbe-575	161	9	run	run	NOUN
aijbe-575	161	10	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	161	11	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	161	12	impact	impact	NOUN
aijbe-575	161	13	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	161	14	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	161	15	border	border	NOUN
aijbe-575	161	16	closure	closure	NOUN
aijbe-575	161	17	on	on	ADP
aijbe-575	161	18	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	161	19	manufacturing	manufacturing	NOUN
aijbe-575	161	20	sector	sector	NOUN
aijbe-575	161	21	was	be	AUX
aijbe-575	161	22	positive	positive	ADJ
aijbe-575	161	23	but	but	CCONJ
aijbe-575	161	24	later	later	ADV
aijbe-575	161	25	became	become	VERB
aijbe-575	161	26	adverse	adverse	ADJ
aijbe-575	161	27	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	161	28	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	161	29	long	long	ADJ
aijbe-575	161	30	run	run	NOUN
aijbe-575	161	31	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	162	1	also	also	ADV
aijbe-575	162	2	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	162	3	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	162	4	interaction	interaction	NOUN
aijbe-575	162	5	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	162	6	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	162	7	border	border	NOUN
aijbe-575	162	8	closure	closure	NOUN
aijbe-575	162	9	with	with	ADP
aijbe-575	162	10	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	162	11	inflation	inflation	NOUN
aijbe-575	162	12	rate	rate	NOUN
aijbe-575	162	13	revealed	reveal	VERB
aijbe-575	162	14	that	that	SCONJ
aijbe-575	162	15	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	162	16	inflation	inflation	NOUN
aijbe-575	162	17	rate	rate	NOUN
aijbe-575	162	18	became	become	VERB
aijbe-575	162	19	high	high	ADJ
aijbe-575	162	20	during	during	ADP
aijbe-575	162	21	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	162	22	period	period	NOUN
aijbe-575	162	23	but	but	CCONJ
aijbe-575	162	24	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	162	25	government	government	NOUN
aijbe-575	162	26	generated	generate	VERB
aijbe-575	162	27	income	income	NOUN
aijbe-575	162	28	from	from	ADP
aijbe-575	162	29	tariff	tariff	NOUN
aijbe-575	162	30	increases	increase	NOUN
aijbe-575	162	31	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	163	1	this	this	PRON
aijbe-575	163	2	revealed	reveal	VERB
aijbe-575	163	3	that	that	SCONJ
aijbe-575	163	4	there	there	PRON
aijbe-575	163	5	are	be	VERB
aijbe-575	163	6	leakages	leakage	NOUN
aijbe-575	163	7	through	through	ADP
aijbe-575	163	8	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	163	9	land	land	NOUN
aijbe-575	163	10	borders	border	NOUN
aijbe-575	163	11	that	that	PRON
aijbe-575	163	12	need	need	VERB
aijbe-575	163	13	to	to	PART
aijbe-575	163	14	be	be	AUX
aijbe-575	163	15	curbed	curb	VERB
aijbe-575	163	16	through	through	ADP
aijbe-575	163	17	legislation	legislation	NOUN
aijbe-575	163	18	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	164	1	sequel	sequel	NOUN
aijbe-575	164	2	to	to	ADP
aijbe-575	164	3	these	these	DET
aijbe-575	164	4	findings	finding	NOUN
aijbe-575	164	5	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	164	6	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	164	7	study	study	NOUN
aijbe-575	164	8	makes	make	VERB
aijbe-575	164	9	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	164	10	following	follow	VERB
aijbe-575	164	11	recommendations	recommendation	NOUN
aijbe-575	164	12	:	:	PUNCT
aijbe-575	164	13	government	government	NOUN
aijbe-575	164	14	should	should	AUX
aijbe-575	164	15	not	not	PART
aijbe-575	164	16	consider	consider	VERB
aijbe-575	164	17	closing	close	VERB
aijbe-575	164	18	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	164	19	borders	border	NOUN
aijbe-575	164	20	again	again	ADV
aijbe-575	164	21	as	as	SCONJ
aijbe-575	164	22	closures	closure	NOUN
aijbe-575	164	23	constitute	constitute	VERB
aijbe-575	164	24	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	164	25	drag	drag	NOUN
aijbe-575	164	26	to	to	ADP
aijbe-575	164	27	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	164	28	manufacturing	manufacturing	NOUN
aijbe-575	164	29	sector	sector	NOUN
aijbe-575	164	30	growth	growth	NOUN
aijbe-575	164	31	;	;	PUNCT
aijbe-575	164	32	rather	rather	ADV
aijbe-575	164	33	than	than	ADP
aijbe-575	164	34	closing	close	VERB
aijbe-575	164	35	borders	border	NOUN
aijbe-575	164	36	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	164	37	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	164	38	government	government	NOUN
aijbe-575	164	39	should	should	AUX
aijbe-575	164	40	formulate	formulate	VERB
aijbe-575	164	41	policies	policy	NOUN
aijbe-575	164	42	to	to	PART
aijbe-575	164	43	enforce	enforce	VERB
aijbe-575	164	44	trade	trade	NOUN
aijbe-575	164	45	protection	protection	NOUN
aijbe-575	164	46	;	;	PUNCT
aijbe-575	164	47	lastly	lastly	ADV
aijbe-575	164	48	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	164	49	should	should	AUX
aijbe-575	164	50	it	it	PRON
aijbe-575	164	51	become	become	VERB
aijbe-575	164	52	exigent	exigent	ADJ
aijbe-575	164	53	for	for	SCONJ
aijbe-575	164	54	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	164	55	government	government	NOUN
aijbe-575	164	56	to	to	PART
aijbe-575	164	57	close	close	VERB
aijbe-575	164	58	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	164	59	border	border	NOUN
aijbe-575	164	60	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	164	61	they	they	PRON
aijbe-575	164	62	should	should	AUX
aijbe-575	164	63	allow	allow	VERB
aijbe-575	164	64	moderate	moderate	ADJ
aijbe-575	164	65	inflation	inflation	NOUN
aijbe-575	164	66	rate	rate	NOUN
aijbe-575	164	67	that	that	PRON
aijbe-575	164	68	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	164	69	economy	economy	NOUN
aijbe-575	164	70	can	can	AUX
aijbe-575	164	71	tolerate	tolerate	VERB
aijbe-575	164	72	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	164	73	order	order	NOUN
aijbe-575	164	74	to	to	PART
aijbe-575	164	75	spur	spur	VERB
aijbe-575	164	76	manufacturing	manufacture	VERB
aijbe-575	164	77	output	output	NOUN
aijbe-575	164	78	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	165	1	li	li	PROPN
aijbe-575	165	2	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	165	3	whilley	whilley	PROPN
aijbe-575	165	4	(	(	PUNCT
aijbe-575	165	5	2021	2021	NUM
aijbe-575	165	6	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	165	7	examined	examine	VERB
aijbe-575	165	8	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	165	9	relationship	relationship	NOUN
aijbe-575	165	10	between	between	ADP
aijbe-575	165	11	trade	trade	NOUN
aijbe-575	165	12	protectionism	protectionism	NOUN
aijbe-575	165	13	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	165	14	manufacturing	manufacturing	NOUN
aijbe-575	165	15	sector	sector	NOUN
aijbe-575	165	16	employment	employment	NOUN
aijbe-575	165	17	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	165	18	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	165	19	united	united	PROPN
aijbe-575	165	20	states	states	PROPN
aijbe-575	165	21	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	165	22	america	america	PROPN
aijbe-575	165	23	(	(	PUNCT
aijbe-575	165	24	usa	usa	PROPN
aijbe-575	165	25	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	165	26	over	over	ADP
aijbe-575	165	27	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	165	28	period	period	NOUN
aijbe-575	165	29	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	165	30	1976–2008	1976–2008	NUM
aijbe-575	165	31	employing	employ	VERB
aijbe-575	165	32	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	165	33	general	general	ADJ
aijbe-575	165	34	equilibrium	equilibrium	NOUN
aijbe-575	165	35	model	model	NOUN
aijbe-575	165	36	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	166	1	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	166	2	study	study	NOUN
aijbe-575	166	3	established	establish	VERB
aijbe-575	166	4	that	that	SCONJ
aijbe-575	166	5	trade	trade	NOUN
aijbe-575	166	6	protectionism	protectionism	NOUN
aijbe-575	166	7	could	could	AUX
aijbe-575	166	8	increase	increase	VERB
aijbe-575	166	9	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	166	10	demand	demand	NOUN
aijbe-575	166	11	for	for	ADP
aijbe-575	166	12	usa	usa	PROPN
aijbe-575	166	13	domestic	domestic	ADJ
aijbe-575	166	14	manufactured	manufacture	VERB
aijbe-575	166	15	goods	good	NOUN
aijbe-575	166	16	as	as	ADP
aijbe-575	166	17	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	166	18	result	result	NOUN
aijbe-575	166	19	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	166	20	decreased	decrease	VERB
aijbe-575	166	21	foreign	foreign	ADJ
aijbe-575	166	22	demand	demand	NOUN
aijbe-575	166	23	but	but	CCONJ
aijbe-575	166	24	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	166	25	simulation	simulation	NOUN
aijbe-575	166	26	results	result	NOUN
aijbe-575	166	27	showed	show	VERB
aijbe-575	166	28	that	that	SCONJ
aijbe-575	166	29	usa	usa	PROPN
aijbe-575	166	30	trade	trade	NOUN
aijbe-575	166	31	protectionism	protectionism	NOUN
aijbe-575	166	32	reduced	reduce	VERB
aijbe-575	166	33	manufacturing	manufacturing	NOUN
aijbe-575	166	34	sector	sector	NOUN
aijbe-575	166	35	employment	employment	NOUN
aijbe-575	166	36	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	167	1	ugwuja	ugwuja	PROPN
aijbe-575	167	2	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	167	3	chukwukere	chukwukere	ADV
aijbe-575	167	4	(	(	PUNCT
aijbe-575	167	5	2021	2021	NUM
aijbe-575	167	6	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	167	7	examined	examine	VERB
aijbe-575	167	8	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	167	9	concept	concept	NOUN
aijbe-575	167	10	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	167	11	trade	trade	NOUN
aijbe-575	167	12	protectionism	protectionism	NOUN
aijbe-575	167	13	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	167	14	border	border	NOUN
aijbe-575	167	15	closure	closure	NOUN
aijbe-575	167	16	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	167	17	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
aijbe-575	167	18	from	from	ADP
aijbe-575	167	19	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	167	20	political	political	ADJ
aijbe-575	167	21	economy	economy	NOUN
aijbe-575	167	22	perspective	perspective	NOUN
aijbe-575	167	23	by	by	ADP
aijbe-575	167	24	reviewing	review	VERB
aijbe-575	167	25	rice	rice	NOUN
aijbe-575	167	26	production	production	NOUN
aijbe-575	167	27	from	from	ADP
aijbe-575	167	28	1984	1984	NUM
aijbe-575	167	29	till	till	SCONJ
aijbe-575	167	30	date	date	NOUN
aijbe-575	167	31	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	168	1	this	this	DET
aijbe-575	168	2	study	study	NOUN
aijbe-575	168	3	established	establish	VERB
aijbe-575	168	4	that	that	PRON
aijbe-575	168	5	balogun	balogun	VERB
aijbe-575	168	6	david	david	PROPN
aijbe-575	168	7	ibukun	ibukun	PROPN
aijbe-575	168	8	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	168	9	prof	prof	NOUN
aijbe-575	168	10	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	169	1	okechukwu	okechukwu	PROPN
aijbe-575	169	2	e.	e.	PROPN
aijbe-575	169	3	u.	u.	PROPN
aijbe-575	169	4	(	(	PUNCT
aijbe-575	169	5	2023	2023	NUM
aijbe-575	169	6	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	169	7	7	7	NUM
aijbe-575	169	8	american	american	ADJ
aijbe-575	169	9	interdisciplinary	interdisciplinary	ADJ
aijbe-575	169	10	journal	journal	NOUN
aijbe-575	169	11	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	169	12	business	business	NOUN
aijbe-575	169	13	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	169	14	economics	economic	NOUN
aijbe-575	169	15	|	|	ADV
aijbe-575	169	16	https://sadijournals.org/index.php/aijbe	https://sadijournals.org/index.php/aijbe	VERB
aijbe-575	169	17	even	even	ADV
aijbe-575	169	18	though	though	SCONJ
aijbe-575	169	19	trade	trade	NOUN
aijbe-575	169	20	protectionism	protectionism	NOUN
aijbe-575	169	21	will	will	AUX
aijbe-575	169	22	boost	boost	VERB
aijbe-575	169	23	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	169	24	domestic	domestic	ADJ
aijbe-575	169	25	economy	economy	NOUN
aijbe-575	169	26	which	which	PRON
aijbe-575	169	27	is	be	AUX
aijbe-575	169	28	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	169	29	line	line	NOUN
aijbe-575	169	30	with	with	ADP
aijbe-575	169	31	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	169	32	international	international	ADJ
aijbe-575	169	33	trade	trade	NOUN
aijbe-575	169	34	theory	theory	NOUN
aijbe-575	169	35	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	169	36	not	not	PART
aijbe-575	169	37	all	all	DET
aijbe-575	169	38	stakeholders	stakeholder	NOUN
aijbe-575	169	39	will	will	AUX
aijbe-575	169	40	benefit	benefit	VERB
aijbe-575	169	41	from	from	ADP
aijbe-575	169	42	it	it	PRON
aijbe-575	169	43	as	as	SCONJ
aijbe-575	169	44	there	there	PRON
aijbe-575	169	45	was	be	VERB
aijbe-575	169	46	evidence	evidence	NOUN
aijbe-575	169	47	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	169	48	food	food	NOUN
aijbe-575	169	49	inflation	inflation	NOUN
aijbe-575	169	50	within	within	ADP
aijbe-575	169	51	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	169	52	period	period	NOUN
aijbe-575	169	53	under	under	ADP
aijbe-575	169	54	review	review	NOUN
aijbe-575	169	55	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	170	1	cheng	cheng	PROPN
aijbe-575	170	2	et	et	PROPN
aijbe-575	170	3	al	al	PROPN
aijbe-575	170	4	.	.	PROPN
aijbe-575	171	1	(	(	PUNCT
aijbe-575	171	2	2021	2021	NUM
aijbe-575	171	3	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	171	4	studied	study	VERB
aijbe-575	171	5	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	171	6	impacts	impact	NOUN
aijbe-575	171	7	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	171	8	trade	trade	NOUN
aijbe-575	171	9	protectionism	protectionism	NOUN
aijbe-575	171	10	on	on	ADP
aijbe-575	171	11	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	171	12	indian	indian	ADJ
aijbe-575	171	13	economy	economy	NOUN
aijbe-575	171	14	especially	especially	ADV
aijbe-575	171	15	on	on	ADP
aijbe-575	171	16	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	171	17	manufacturing	manufacturing	NOUN
aijbe-575	171	18	sector	sector	NOUN
aijbe-575	171	19	from	from	ADP
aijbe-575	171	20	1970	1970	NUM
aijbe-575	171	21	to	to	ADP
aijbe-575	171	22	2017	2017	NUM
aijbe-575	171	23	using	use	VERB
aijbe-575	171	24	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	171	25	ordinary	ordinary	ADJ
aijbe-575	171	26	least	least	ADJ
aijbe-575	171	27	square	square	ADJ
aijbe-575	171	28	(	(	PUNCT
aijbe-575	171	29	ols	ol	NOUN
aijbe-575	171	30	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	171	31	econometric	econometric	ADJ
aijbe-575	171	32	technique	technique	NOUN
aijbe-575	171	33	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	172	1	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	172	2	study	study	NOUN
aijbe-575	172	3	opined	opine	VERB
aijbe-575	172	4	that	that	SCONJ
aijbe-575	172	5	there	there	PRON
aijbe-575	172	6	are	be	VERB
aijbe-575	172	7	two	two	NUM
aijbe-575	172	8	sides	side	NOUN
aijbe-575	172	9	to	to	ADP
aijbe-575	172	10	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	172	11	trade	trade	NOUN
aijbe-575	172	12	protectionism	protectionism	NOUN
aijbe-575	172	13	theory	theory	NOUN
aijbe-575	172	14	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	173	1	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	173	2	their	their	PRON
aijbe-575	173	3	analysis	analysis	NOUN
aijbe-575	173	4	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	173	5	it	it	PRON
aijbe-575	173	6	was	be	AUX
aijbe-575	173	7	stated	state	VERB
aijbe-575	173	8	that	that	SCONJ
aijbe-575	173	9	even	even	ADV
aijbe-575	173	10	though	though	SCONJ
aijbe-575	173	11	trade	trade	NOUN
aijbe-575	173	12	protectionism	protectionism	NOUN
aijbe-575	173	13	provides	provide	VERB
aijbe-575	173	14	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	173	15	less	less	ADV
aijbe-575	173	16	competitive	competitive	ADJ
aijbe-575	173	17	market	market	NOUN
aijbe-575	173	18	for	for	ADP
aijbe-575	173	19	domestic	domestic	ADJ
aijbe-575	173	20	industries	industry	NOUN
aijbe-575	173	21	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	173	22	provides	provide	VERB
aijbe-575	173	23	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	173	24	relatively	relatively	ADV
aijbe-575	173	25	stable	stable	ADJ
aijbe-575	173	26	environment	environment	NOUN
aijbe-575	173	27	for	for	ADP
aijbe-575	173	28	their	their	PRON
aijbe-575	173	29	growth	growth	NOUN
aijbe-575	173	30	;	;	PUNCT
aijbe-575	173	31	encourages	encourage	VERB
aijbe-575	173	32	exports	export	NOUN
aijbe-575	173	33	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	173	34	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	173	35	also	also	ADV
aijbe-575	173	36	increases	increase	VERB
aijbe-575	173	37	revenue	revenue	NOUN
aijbe-575	173	38	to	to	ADP
aijbe-575	173	39	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	173	40	government	government	NOUN
aijbe-575	173	41	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	173	42	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	173	43	policy	policy	NOUN
aijbe-575	173	44	may	may	AUX
aijbe-575	173	45	not	not	PART
aijbe-575	173	46	be	be	AUX
aijbe-575	173	47	sustainable	sustainable	ADJ
aijbe-575	173	48	as	as	SCONJ
aijbe-575	173	49	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	173	50	high	high	ADJ
aijbe-575	173	51	tariff	tariff	NOUN
aijbe-575	173	52	rate	rate	NOUN
aijbe-575	173	53	will	will	AUX
aijbe-575	173	54	eventually	eventually	ADV
aijbe-575	173	55	harm	harm	VERB
aijbe-575	173	56	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	173	57	economy	economy	NOUN
aijbe-575	173	58	gdp	gdp	PROPN
aijbe-575	174	1	.	.	PROPN
aijbe-575	174	2	abegunde	abegunde	PROPN
aijbe-575	174	3	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	174	4	fabiyi	fabiyi	PROPN
aijbe-575	174	5	(	(	PUNCT
aijbe-575	174	6	2020	2020	NUM
aijbe-575	174	7	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	174	8	reviewed	review	VERB
aijbe-575	174	9	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	174	10	implication	implication	NOUN
aijbe-575	174	11	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	174	12	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	174	13	recent	recent	ADJ
aijbe-575	174	14	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
aijbe-575	174	15	-	-	PUNCT
aijbe-575	174	16	benin	benin	PROPN
aijbe-575	174	17	border	border	NOUN
aijbe-575	174	18	closure	closure	NOUN
aijbe-575	174	19	on	on	ADP
aijbe-575	174	20	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
aijbe-575	174	21	’s	’s	PART
aijbe-575	174	22	economic	economic	ADJ
aijbe-575	174	23	development	development	NOUN
aijbe-575	174	24	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	175	1	he	he	PRON
aijbe-575	175	2	employed	employ	VERB
aijbe-575	175	3	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	175	4	ols	ol	NOUN
aijbe-575	175	5	technique	technique	NOUN
aijbe-575	175	6	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	175	7	affirmed	affirm	VERB
aijbe-575	175	8	that	that	SCONJ
aijbe-575	175	9	border	border	NOUN
aijbe-575	175	10	closure	closure	NOUN
aijbe-575	175	11	which	which	PRON
aijbe-575	175	12	had	have	VERB
aijbe-575	175	13	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	175	14	major	major	ADJ
aijbe-575	175	15	aim	aim	NOUN
aijbe-575	175	16	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	175	17	protecting	protect	VERB
aijbe-575	175	18	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	175	19	economy	economy	NOUN
aijbe-575	175	20	has	have	AUX
aijbe-575	175	21	only	only	ADV
aijbe-575	175	22	increased	increase	VERB
aijbe-575	175	23	smuggling	smuggling	NOUN
aijbe-575	175	24	which	which	PRON
aijbe-575	175	25	is	be	AUX
aijbe-575	175	26	carried	carry	VERB
aijbe-575	175	27	out	out	ADP
aijbe-575	175	28	by	by	ADP
aijbe-575	175	29	citizens	citizen	NOUN
aijbe-575	175	30	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	175	31	both	both	DET
aijbe-575	175	32	countries	country	NOUN
aijbe-575	175	33	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	176	1	he	he	PRON
aijbe-575	176	2	also	also	ADV
aijbe-575	176	3	established	establish	VERB
aijbe-575	176	4	that	that	SCONJ
aijbe-575	176	5	domestic	domestic	ADJ
aijbe-575	176	6	production	production	NOUN
aijbe-575	176	7	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	176	8	income	income	NOUN
aijbe-575	176	9	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	176	10	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	176	11	patronage	patronage	NOUN
aijbe-575	176	12	increased	increase	VERB
aijbe-575	176	13	with	with	ADP
aijbe-575	176	14	reduced	reduced	ADJ
aijbe-575	176	15	national	national	ADJ
aijbe-575	176	16	fuel	fuel	NOUN
aijbe-575	176	17	consumption	consumption	NOUN
aijbe-575	176	18	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	176	19	increased	increase	VERB
aijbe-575	176	20	seizure	seizure	NOUN
aijbe-575	176	21	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	176	22	contraband	contraband	ADJ
aijbe-575	176	23	goods	good	NOUN
aijbe-575	176	24	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	177	1	he	he	PRON
aijbe-575	177	2	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	177	3	therefore	therefore	ADV
aijbe-575	177	4	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	177	5	concluded	conclude	VERB
aijbe-575	177	6	that	that	SCONJ
aijbe-575	177	7	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	177	8	border	border	NOUN
aijbe-575	177	9	closure	closure	NOUN
aijbe-575	177	10	was	be	AUX
aijbe-575	177	11	not	not	PART
aijbe-575	177	12	to	to	ADP
aijbe-575	177	13	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	177	14	economic	economic	ADJ
aijbe-575	177	15	development	development	NOUN
aijbe-575	177	16	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	177	17	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
aijbe-575	177	18	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	178	1	3	3	NUM
aijbe-575	178	2	methodology	methodology	NOUN
aijbe-575	178	3	descriptive	descriptive	ADJ
aijbe-575	178	4	analysis	analysis	NOUN
aijbe-575	178	5	was	be	AUX
aijbe-575	178	6	used	use	VERB
aijbe-575	178	7	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	179	1	it	it	PRON
aijbe-575	179	2	entails	entail	VERB
aijbe-575	179	3	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	179	4	systematic	systematic	ADJ
aijbe-575	179	5	collection	collection	NOUN
aijbe-575	179	6	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	179	7	prescription	prescription	NOUN
aijbe-575	179	8	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	179	9	data	datum	NOUN
aijbe-575	179	10	to	to	PART
aijbe-575	179	11	give	give	VERB
aijbe-575	179	12	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	179	13	clear	clear	ADJ
aijbe-575	179	14	picture	picture	NOUN
aijbe-575	179	15	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	179	16	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	179	17	particular	particular	ADJ
aijbe-575	179	18	situation	situation	NOUN
aijbe-575	179	19	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	180	1	it	it	PRON
aijbe-575	180	2	can	can	AUX
aijbe-575	180	3	be	be	AUX
aijbe-575	180	4	carried	carry	VERB
aijbe-575	180	5	out	out	ADP
aijbe-575	180	6	on	on	ADP
aijbe-575	180	7	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	180	8	small	small	ADJ
aijbe-575	180	9	or	or	CCONJ
aijbe-575	180	10	large	large	ADJ
aijbe-575	180	11	scale	scale	NOUN
aijbe-575	180	12	(	(	PUNCT
aijbe-575	180	13	eboh	eboh	NOUN
aijbe-575	180	14	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	180	15	1998	1998	NUM
aijbe-575	180	16	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	180	17	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	181	1	this	this	DET
aijbe-575	181	2	study	study	NOUN
aijbe-575	181	3	employs	employ	VERB
aijbe-575	181	4	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	181	5	classical	classical	ADJ
aijbe-575	181	6	linear	linear	NOUN
aijbe-575	181	7	regression	regression	NOUN
aijbe-575	181	8	model	model	NOUN
aijbe-575	181	9	to	to	PART
aijbe-575	181	10	investigate	investigate	VERB
aijbe-575	181	11	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	181	12	effect	effect	NOUN
aijbe-575	181	13	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	181	14	protectionist	protectionist	ADJ
aijbe-575	181	15	policies	policy	NOUN
aijbe-575	181	16	on	on	ADP
aijbe-575	181	17	economic	economic	ADJ
aijbe-575	181	18	development	development	NOUN
aijbe-575	181	19	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	181	20	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
aijbe-575	181	21	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	182	1	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	182	2	classical	classical	ADJ
aijbe-575	182	3	linear	linear	PROPN
aijbe-575	182	4	regression	regression	NOUN
aijbe-575	182	5	model	model	NOUN
aijbe-575	182	6	is	be	AUX
aijbe-575	182	7	useful	useful	ADJ
aijbe-575	182	8	when	when	SCONJ
aijbe-575	182	9	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	182	10	relationship	relationship	NOUN
aijbe-575	182	11	that	that	PRON
aijbe-575	182	12	exists	exist	VERB
aijbe-575	182	13	between	between	ADP
aijbe-575	182	14	variables	variable	NOUN
aijbe-575	182	15	is	be	AUX
aijbe-575	182	16	linear	linear	ADJ
aijbe-575	182	17	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	183	1	functional	functional	ADJ
aijbe-575	183	2	form	form	NOUN
aijbe-575	183	3	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	183	4	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	183	5	model	model	NOUN
aijbe-575	183	6	rgdp	rgdp	NOUN
aijbe-575	183	7	=	=	SYM
aijbe-575	183	8	f(to	f(to	PROPN
aijbe-575	183	9	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	183	10	exr	exr	PROPN
aijbe-575	183	11	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	183	12	imt	imt	PROPN
aijbe-575	183	13	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	183	14	inf	inf	NOUN
aijbe-575	183	15	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	183	16	mathematical	mathematical	ADJ
aijbe-575	183	17	form	form	NOUN
aijbe-575	183	18	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	183	19	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	183	20	model	model	NOUN
aijbe-575	183	21	gdp𝑡	gdp𝑡	NOUN
aijbe-575	183	22	=	=	PUNCT
aijbe-575	184	1	β0	β0	PROPN
aijbe-575	185	1	+	+	CCONJ
aijbe-575	185	2	β1to	β1to	PUNCT
aijbe-575	186	1	+	+	CCONJ
aijbe-575	186	2	β2exr	β2exr	PUNCT
aijbe-575	187	1	+	+	CCONJ
aijbe-575	187	2	β3imt	β3imt	PUNCT
aijbe-575	188	1	+	+	CCONJ
aijbe-575	188	2	β4inf	β4inf	ADJ
aijbe-575	188	3	econometric	econometric	ADJ
aijbe-575	188	4	form	form	NOUN
aijbe-575	188	5	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	188	6	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	188	7	model	model	NOUN
aijbe-575	188	8	gdp𝑡	gdp𝑡	NOUN
aijbe-575	188	9	=	=	PUNCT
aijbe-575	189	1	β0	β0	PROPN
aijbe-575	190	1	+	+	CCONJ
aijbe-575	190	2	β1to	β1to	PUNCT
aijbe-575	191	1	+	+	CCONJ
aijbe-575	191	2	β2exr	β2exr	PUNCT
aijbe-575	192	1	+	+	CCONJ
aijbe-575	192	2	β3imt	β3imt	PUNCT
aijbe-575	193	1	+	+	CCONJ
aijbe-575	193	2	β4inf	β4inf	PUNCT
aijbe-575	194	1	+	+	CCONJ
aijbe-575	194	2	ut	ut	PROPN
aijbe-575	194	3	where	where	SCONJ
aijbe-575	194	4	gdp	gdp	NOUN
aijbe-575	194	5	=	=	PROPN
aijbe-575	194	6	gross	gross	ADJ
aijbe-575	194	7	domestic	domestic	ADJ
aijbe-575	194	8	product	product	NOUN
aijbe-575	194	9	to	to	ADP
aijbe-575	194	10	=	=	PUNCT
aijbe-575	194	11	trade	trade	NOUN
aijbe-575	194	12	openness	openness	NOUN
aijbe-575	194	13	exr	exr	X
aijbe-575	194	14	=	=	SYM
aijbe-575	194	15	exchange	exchange	NOUN
aijbe-575	194	16	rate	rate	NOUN
aijbe-575	194	17	imt	imt	NOUN
aijbe-575	194	18	=	=	PUNCT
aijbe-575	194	19	import	import	NOUN
aijbe-575	194	20	tariffs	tariff	NOUN
aijbe-575	194	21	inf	inf	NOUN
aijbe-575	194	22	=	=	NOUN
aijbe-575	194	23	inflation	inflation	NOUN
aijbe-575	194	24	rate	rate	NOUN
aijbe-575	194	25	β0	β0	PROPN
aijbe-575	194	26	=	=	PUNCT
aijbe-575	194	27	intercept	intercept	NOUN
aijbe-575	194	28	parameter	parameter	NOUN
aijbe-575	194	29	β1	β1	PROPN
aijbe-575	194	30	–	–	PUNCT
aijbe-575	194	31	β3=	β3=	PUNCT
aijbe-575	194	32	coefficients	coefficient	NOUN
aijbe-575	194	33	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	194	34	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	194	35	variables	variable	NOUN
aijbe-575	194	36	ut	ut	PUNCT
aijbe-575	195	1	=	=	NOUN
aijbe-575	195	2	error	error	NOUN
aijbe-575	195	3	term	term	NOUN
aijbe-575	195	4	4	4	NUM
aijbe-575	195	5	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	195	6	data	datum	NOUN
aijbe-575	195	7	analysis	analysis	NOUN
aijbe-575	195	8	preliminary	preliminary	ADJ
aijbe-575	195	9	descriptive	descriptive	ADJ
aijbe-575	195	10	statistics	statistic	NOUN
aijbe-575	195	11	test	test	NOUN
aijbe-575	195	12	for	for	ADP
aijbe-575	195	13	stationarity	stationarity	NOUN
aijbe-575	195	14	(	(	PUNCT
aijbe-575	195	15	unit	unit	NOUN
aijbe-575	195	16	root	root	NOUN
aijbe-575	195	17	test	test	NOUN
aijbe-575	195	18	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	195	19	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	195	20	augmented	augment	VERB
aijbe-575	195	21	dickey	dickey	PROPN
aijbe-575	195	22	fuller	full	ADJ
aijbe-575	195	23	(	(	PUNCT
aijbe-575	195	24	adf	adf	NOUN
aijbe-575	195	25	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	195	26	was	be	AUX
aijbe-575	195	27	employed	employ	VERB
aijbe-575	195	28	for	for	ADP
aijbe-575	195	29	this	this	DET
aijbe-575	195	30	study	study	NOUN
aijbe-575	195	31	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	195	32	to	to	PART
aijbe-575	195	33	determine	determine	VERB
aijbe-575	195	34	if	if	SCONJ
aijbe-575	195	35	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	195	36	variables	variable	NOUN
aijbe-575	195	37	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	195	38	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	195	39	model	model	NOUN
aijbe-575	195	40	are	be	AUX
aijbe-575	195	41	stationary	stationary	ADJ
aijbe-575	195	42	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	195	43	that	that	PRON
aijbe-575	195	44	is	be	AUX
aijbe-575	195	45	to	to	PART
aijbe-575	195	46	ascertain	ascertain	VERB
aijbe-575	195	47	whether	whether	SCONJ
aijbe-575	195	48	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	195	49	mean	mean	ADJ
aijbe-575	195	50	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	195	51	variance	variance	NOUN
aijbe-575	195	52	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	195	53	covariance	covariance	NOUN
aijbe-575	195	54	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	195	55	each	each	PRON
aijbe-575	195	56	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	195	57	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	195	58	variables	variable	NOUN
aijbe-575	195	59	used	use	VERB
aijbe-575	195	60	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	195	61	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	195	62	model	model	NOUN
aijbe-575	195	63	are	be	AUX
aijbe-575	195	64	constant	constant	ADJ
aijbe-575	195	65	over	over	ADP
aijbe-575	195	66	time	time	NOUN
aijbe-575	195	67	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	195	68	generated	generate	VERB
aijbe-575	195	69	through	through	ADP
aijbe-575	195	70	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	195	71	stochastic	stochastic	ADJ
aijbe-575	195	72	process	process	NOUN
aijbe-575	195	73	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	196	1	for	for	ADP
aijbe-575	196	2	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	196	3	adf	adf	PROPN
aijbe-575	196	4	test	test	NOUN
aijbe-575	196	5	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	196	6	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	196	7	variable	variable	NOUN
aijbe-575	196	8	is	be	AUX
aijbe-575	196	9	stationary	stationary	ADJ
aijbe-575	196	10	if	if	SCONJ
aijbe-575	196	11	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	196	12	absolute	absolute	ADJ
aijbe-575	196	13	adf	adf	NOUN
aijbe-575	196	14	value	value	NOUN
aijbe-575	196	15	is	be	AUX
aijbe-575	196	16	greater	great	ADJ
aijbe-575	196	17	than	than	ADP
aijbe-575	196	18	any	any	PRON
aijbe-575	196	19	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	196	20	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	196	21	absolute	absolute	PROPN
aijbe-575	196	22	mckinnon	mckinnon	PROPN
aijbe-575	196	23	critical	critical	ADJ
aijbe-575	196	24	values	value	NOUN
aijbe-575	196	25	(	(	PUNCT
aijbe-575	196	26	at	at	ADP
aijbe-575	196	27	either	either	DET
aijbe-575	196	28	5	5	NUM
aijbe-575	196	29	%	%	NOUN
aijbe-575	196	30	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	196	31	1	1	NUM
aijbe-575	196	32	%	%	NOUN
aijbe-575	196	33	or	or	CCONJ
aijbe-575	196	34	10	10	NUM
aijbe-575	196	35	%	%	NOUN
aijbe-575	196	36	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	196	37	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	197	1	h0	h0	PROPN
aijbe-575	197	2	:	:	PUNCT
aijbe-575	197	3	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	197	4	time	time	NOUN
aijbe-575	197	5	series	series	PROPN
aijbe-575	197	6	variables	variable	NOUN
aijbe-575	197	7	have	have	VERB
aijbe-575	197	8	unit	unit	NOUN
aijbe-575	197	9	root	root	NOUN
aijbe-575	197	10	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	198	1	h1	h1	PROPN
aijbe-575	198	2	:	:	PUNCT
aijbe-575	198	3	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	198	4	time	time	NOUN
aijbe-575	198	5	series	series	PROPN
aijbe-575	198	6	variables	variable	NOUN
aijbe-575	198	7	are	be	AUX
aijbe-575	198	8	stationary	stationary	ADJ
aijbe-575	198	9	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	199	1	decision	decision	NOUN
aijbe-575	199	2	rule	rule	NOUN
aijbe-575	199	3	:	:	PUNCT
aijbe-575	199	4	reject	reject	VERB
aijbe-575	199	5	h0	h0	NOUN
aijbe-575	199	6	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	199	7	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	199	8	absolute	absolute	ADJ
aijbe-575	199	9	value	value	NOUN
aijbe-575	199	10	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	199	11	adfis	adfis	NOUN
aijbe-575	199	12	greater	great	ADJ
aijbe-575	199	13	than	than	ADP
aijbe-575	199	14	any	any	PRON
aijbe-575	199	15	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	199	16	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	199	17	mckinnon	mckinnon	PROPN
aijbe-575	199	18	critical	critical	ADJ
aijbe-575	199	19	values	value	NOUN
aijbe-575	199	20	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	199	21	absolute	absolute	ADJ
aijbe-575	199	22	terms	term	NOUN
aijbe-575	199	23	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	200	1	we	we	PRON
aijbe-575	200	2	fail	fail	VERB
aijbe-575	200	3	to	to	PART
aijbe-575	200	4	reject	reject	VERB
aijbe-575	200	5	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	200	6	if	if	SCONJ
aijbe-575	200	7	otherwise	otherwise	ADV
aijbe-575	200	8	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	201	1	balogun	balogun	VERB
aijbe-575	201	2	david	david	PROPN
aijbe-575	201	3	ibukun	ibukun	PROPN
aijbe-575	201	4	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	201	5	prof	prof	NOUN
aijbe-575	201	6	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	202	1	okechukwu	okechukwu	PROPN
aijbe-575	202	2	e.	e.	PROPN
aijbe-575	202	3	u.	u.	PROPN
aijbe-575	202	4	(	(	PUNCT
aijbe-575	202	5	2023	2023	NUM
aijbe-575	202	6	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	202	7	8	8	NUM
aijbe-575	202	8	american	american	ADJ
aijbe-575	202	9	interdisciplinary	interdisciplinary	ADJ
aijbe-575	202	10	journal	journal	NOUN
aijbe-575	202	11	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	202	12	business	business	NOUN
aijbe-575	202	13	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	202	14	economics	economic	NOUN
aijbe-575	202	15	|	|	ADV
aijbe-575	202	16	https://sadijournals.org/index.php/aijbe	https://sadijournals.org/index.php/aijbe	VERB
aijbe-575	202	17	table1	table1	PROPN
aijbe-575	202	18	:	:	PUNCT
aijbe-575	202	19	result	result	NOUN
aijbe-575	202	20	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	202	21	adf	adf	PROPN
aijbe-575	202	22	unit	unit	NOUN
aijbe-575	202	23	root	root	NOUN
aijbe-575	202	24	tests	test	VERB
aijbe-575	202	25	variable	variable	ADJ
aijbe-575	202	26	level	level	NOUN
aijbe-575	202	27	form	form	NOUN
aijbe-575	202	28	5	5	NUM
aijbe-575	202	29	%	%	NOUN
aijbe-575	202	30	critical	critical	ADJ
aijbe-575	202	31	value	value	NOUN
aijbe-575	202	32	first	first	ADJ
aijbe-575	202	33	difference	difference	NOUN
aijbe-575	202	34	5	5	NUM
aijbe-575	202	35	%	%	NOUN
aijbe-575	202	36	critical	critical	ADJ
aijbe-575	202	37	value	value	NOUN
aijbe-575	202	38	order	order	NOUN
aijbe-575	202	39	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	202	40	integration	integration	NOUN
aijbe-575	202	41	lgdp	lgdp	NOUN
aijbe-575	202	42	-4.186	-4.186	PUNCT
aijbe-575	202	43	-2.954	-2.954	VERB
aijbe-575	202	44	_	_	PUNCT
aijbe-575	203	1	_	_	PUNCT
aijbe-575	204	1	_	_	PUNCT
aijbe-575	205	1	_	_	PUNCT
aijbe-575	205	2	i(0	i(0	NOUN
aijbe-575	205	3	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	205	4	imt	imt	PROPN
aijbe-575	205	5	-2.299	-2.299	NOUN
aijbe-575	205	6	-2.954	-2.954	PUNCT
aijbe-575	205	7	-5.953	-5.953	NUM
aijbe-575	205	8	-2.957	-2.957	NOUN
aijbe-575	205	9	i(i	i(i	NOUN
aijbe-575	205	10	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	205	11	to	to	ADP
aijbe-575	205	12	-3.402	-3.402	NOUN
aijbe-575	205	13	-2.954	-2.954	VERB
aijbe-575	205	14	_	_	PUNCT
aijbe-575	205	15	_	_	PUNCT
aijbe-575	206	1	_	_	PUNCT
aijbe-575	207	1	_	_	PUNCT
aijbe-575	208	1	i(0	i(0	NOUN
aijbe-575	208	2	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	208	3	exr	exr	PROPN
aijbe-575	208	4	1.161	1.161	NUM
aijbe-575	208	5	-2.954	-2.954	NOUN
aijbe-575	208	6	-4.536	-4.536	NOUN
aijbe-575	208	7	-2.957	-2.957	PUNCT
aijbe-575	208	8	i(1	i(1	PROPN
aijbe-575	208	9	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	208	10	inf	inf	NOUN
aijbe-575	208	11	-3.377	-3.377	PUNCT
aijbe-575	208	12	-2.957	-2.957	NOUN
aijbe-575	209	1	_	_	PUNCT
aijbe-575	210	1	_	_	PUNCT
aijbe-575	211	1	_	_	PUNCT
aijbe-575	211	2	_	_	PUNCT
aijbe-575	212	1	i(i	i(i	NOUN
aijbe-575	212	2	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	212	3	source	source	NOUN
aijbe-575	212	4	:	:	PUNCT
aijbe-575	212	5	e	e	NOUN
aijbe-575	212	6	-	-	NOUN
aijbe-575	212	7	views	view	NOUN
aijbe-575	212	8	9	9	NUM
aijbe-575	212	9	software	software	NOUN
aijbe-575	212	10	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	212	11	data	datum	NOUN
aijbe-575	212	12	for	for	ADP
aijbe-575	212	13	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	212	14	variables	variable	NOUN
aijbe-575	212	15	gross	gross	ADJ
aijbe-575	212	16	domestic	domestic	ADJ
aijbe-575	212	17	product	product	NOUN
aijbe-575	212	18	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	212	19	trade	trade	NOUN
aijbe-575	212	20	openness	openness	NOUN
aijbe-575	212	21	are	be	AUX
aijbe-575	212	22	all	all	ADV
aijbe-575	212	23	integrated	integrate	VERB
aijbe-575	212	24	at	at	ADP
aijbe-575	212	25	levels	level	NOUN
aijbe-575	212	26	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	212	27	while	while	SCONJ
aijbe-575	212	28	data	datum	NOUN
aijbe-575	212	29	for	for	ADP
aijbe-575	212	30	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	212	31	variables	variable	NOUN
aijbe-575	212	32	import	import	NOUN
aijbe-575	212	33	tariffs	tariff	NOUN
aijbe-575	212	34	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	212	35	inflation	inflation	NOUN
aijbe-575	212	36	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	212	37	exchange	exchange	NOUN
aijbe-575	212	38	rate	rate	NOUN
aijbe-575	212	39	are	be	AUX
aijbe-575	212	40	integrated	integrate	VERB
aijbe-575	212	41	at	at	ADP
aijbe-575	212	42	i(i	i(i	PROPN
aijbe-575	212	43	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	212	44	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	213	1	this	this	PRON
aijbe-575	213	2	is	be	AUX
aijbe-575	213	3	also	also	ADV
aijbe-575	213	4	to	to	PART
aijbe-575	213	5	say	say	VERB
aijbe-575	213	6	that	that	SCONJ
aijbe-575	213	7	these	these	DET
aijbe-575	213	8	variables	variable	NOUN
aijbe-575	213	9	do	do	AUX
aijbe-575	213	10	not	not	PART
aijbe-575	213	11	have	have	VERB
aijbe-575	213	12	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	213	13	unit	unit	NOUN
aijbe-575	213	14	root	root	NOUN
aijbe-575	213	15	or	or	CCONJ
aijbe-575	213	16	that	that	SCONJ
aijbe-575	213	17	they	they	PRON
aijbe-575	213	18	are	be	AUX
aijbe-575	213	19	stationary	stationary	ADJ
aijbe-575	213	20	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	214	1	since	since	SCONJ
aijbe-575	214	2	these	these	DET
aijbe-575	214	3	variables	variable	NOUN
aijbe-575	214	4	are	be	AUX
aijbe-575	214	5	stationary	stationary	ADJ
aijbe-575	214	6	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	214	7	we	we	PRON
aijbe-575	214	8	are	be	AUX
aijbe-575	214	9	going	go	VERB
aijbe-575	214	10	to	to	PART
aijbe-575	214	11	carry	carry	VERB
aijbe-575	214	12	out	out	ADP
aijbe-575	214	13	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	214	14	co	co	NOUN
aijbe-575	214	15	-	-	NOUN
aijbe-575	214	16	integration	integration	NOUN
aijbe-575	214	17	test	test	NOUN
aijbe-575	214	18	to	to	PART
aijbe-575	214	19	determine	determine	VERB
aijbe-575	214	20	if	if	SCONJ
aijbe-575	214	21	they	they	PRON
aijbe-575	214	22	have	have	VERB
aijbe-575	214	23	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	214	24	long	long	ADJ
aijbe-575	214	25	run	run	NOUN
aijbe-575	214	26	relationship	relationship	NOUN
aijbe-575	214	27	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	215	1	co	co	NOUN
aijbe-575	215	2	-	-	NOUN
aijbe-575	215	3	integration	integration	NOUN
aijbe-575	215	4	test	test	NOUN
aijbe-575	215	5	variables	variable	NOUN
aijbe-575	215	6	might	might	AUX
aijbe-575	215	7	not	not	PART
aijbe-575	215	8	be	be	AUX
aijbe-575	215	9	stationary	stationary	ADJ
aijbe-575	215	10	at	at	ADP
aijbe-575	215	11	levels	level	NOUN
aijbe-575	215	12	but	but	CCONJ
aijbe-575	215	13	from	from	ADP
aijbe-575	215	14	their	their	PRON
aijbe-575	215	15	linear	linear	ADJ
aijbe-575	215	16	combination	combination	NOUN
aijbe-575	215	17	might	might	AUX
aijbe-575	215	18	be	be	AUX
aijbe-575	215	19	stationary	stationary	ADJ
aijbe-575	215	20	at	at	ADP
aijbe-575	215	21	level	level	NOUN
aijbe-575	215	22	form	form	NOUN
aijbe-575	215	23	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	216	1	since	since	SCONJ
aijbe-575	216	2	all	all	DET
aijbe-575	216	3	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	216	4	variables	variable	NOUN
aijbe-575	216	5	are	be	AUX
aijbe-575	216	6	stationary	stationary	ADJ
aijbe-575	216	7	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	216	8	we	we	PRON
aijbe-575	216	9	adopt	adopt	VERB
aijbe-575	216	10	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	216	11	co	co	NOUN
aijbe-575	216	12	-	-	NOUN
aijbe-575	216	13	integration	integration	NOUN
aijbe-575	216	14	test	test	NOUN
aijbe-575	216	15	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	216	16	to	to	PART
aijbe-575	216	17	check	check	VERB
aijbe-575	216	18	for	for	ADP
aijbe-575	216	19	long	long	ADJ
aijbe-575	216	20	-	-	PUNCT
aijbe-575	216	21	run	run	NOUN
aijbe-575	216	22	relationships	relationship	NOUN
aijbe-575	216	23	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	216	24	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	216	25	model	model	NOUN
aijbe-575	216	26	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	217	1	this	this	DET
aijbe-575	217	2	study	study	NOUN
aijbe-575	217	3	adopted	adopt	VERB
aijbe-575	217	4	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	217	5	johansen	johansen	PROPN
aijbe-575	217	6	co	co	NOUN
aijbe-575	217	7	-	-	NOUN
aijbe-575	217	8	integration	integration	NOUN
aijbe-575	217	9	test	test	NOUN
aijbe-575	217	10	methods	method	NOUN
aijbe-575	217	11	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	218	1	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	218	2	this	this	DET
aijbe-575	218	3	test	test	NOUN
aijbe-575	218	4	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	218	5	trace	trace	NOUN
aijbe-575	218	6	statistics	statistic	NOUN
aijbe-575	218	7	were	be	AUX
aijbe-575	218	8	used	use	VERB
aijbe-575	218	9	to	to	PART
aijbe-575	218	10	interpret	interpret	VERB
aijbe-575	218	11	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	218	12	outcome	outcome	NOUN
aijbe-575	218	13	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	219	1	test	test	NOUN
aijbe-575	219	2	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	219	3	hypothesis	hypothesis	NOUN
aijbe-575	219	4	:	:	PUNCT
aijbe-575	219	5	h0	h0	PROPN
aijbe-575	219	6	:	:	PUNCT
aijbe-575	219	7	there	there	PRON
aijbe-575	219	8	are	be	VERB
aijbe-575	219	9	no	no	DET
aijbe-575	219	10	co	co	ADJ
aijbe-575	219	11	-	-	ADJ
aijbe-575	219	12	integrating	integrating	ADJ
aijbe-575	219	13	equations	equation	NOUN
aijbe-575	219	14	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	220	1	h1	h1	PROPN
aijbe-575	220	2	:	:	PUNCT
aijbe-575	220	3	co	co	ADJ
aijbe-575	220	4	-	-	ADJ
aijbe-575	220	5	integrating	integrating	ADJ
aijbe-575	220	6	equations	equation	NOUN
aijbe-575	220	7	exist	exist	VERB
aijbe-575	220	8	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	221	1	decision	decision	NOUN
aijbe-575	221	2	rule	rule	NOUN
aijbe-575	221	3	:	:	PUNCT
aijbe-575	221	4	reject	reject	VERB
aijbe-575	221	5	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	221	6	null	null	ADJ
aijbe-575	221	7	hypothesis	hypothesis	NOUN
aijbe-575	221	8	if	if	SCONJ
aijbe-575	221	9	trace	trace	NOUN
aijbe-575	221	10	statistics	statistic	NOUN
aijbe-575	221	11	>	>	X
aijbe-575	221	12	5	5	NUM
aijbe-575	221	13	%	%	NOUN
aijbe-575	221	14	critical	critical	ADJ
aijbe-575	221	15	value	value	NOUN
aijbe-575	221	16	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	222	1	do	do	AUX
aijbe-575	222	2	not	not	PART
aijbe-575	222	3	reject	reject	VERB
aijbe-575	222	4	if	if	SCONJ
aijbe-575	222	5	otherwise	otherwise	ADV
aijbe-575	222	6	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	223	1	table	table	NOUN
aijbe-575	223	2	2	2	NUM
aijbe-575	223	3	:	:	PUNCT
aijbe-575	223	4	output	output	NOUN
aijbe-575	223	5	from	from	ADP
aijbe-575	223	6	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	223	7	johansen	johansen	PROPN
aijbe-575	223	8	co	co	PROPN
aijbe-575	223	9	-	-	NOUN
aijbe-575	223	10	integration	integration	NOUN
aijbe-575	223	11	test	test	NOUN
aijbe-575	223	12	hypothesized	hypothesize	VERB
aijbe-575	223	13	no	no	ADP
aijbe-575	223	14	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	223	15	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	223	16	ce	ce	PROPN
aijbe-575	223	17	trace	trace	NOUN
aijbe-575	223	18	statistics	statistic	NOUN
aijbe-575	223	19	0.05	0.05	NUM
aijbe-575	223	20	%	%	NOUN
aijbe-575	223	21	critical	critical	ADJ
aijbe-575	223	22	value	value	NOUN
aijbe-575	223	23	none	none	NOUN
aijbe-575	223	24	*	*	NOUN
aijbe-575	223	25	112.7775	112.7775	NUM
aijbe-575	223	26	69.8189	69.8189	NUM
aijbe-575	223	27	at	at	ADP
aijbe-575	223	28	most	most	ADJ
aijbe-575	223	29	1	1	NUM
aijbe-575	223	30	*	*	NOUN
aijbe-575	223	31	54.87491	54.87491	NUM
aijbe-575	223	32	47.8561	47.8561	NOUN
aijbe-575	223	33	at	at	ADP
aijbe-575	223	34	most	most	ADJ
aijbe-575	223	35	2	2	NUM
aijbe-575	223	36	23.86100	23.86100	NUM
aijbe-575	223	37	29.7971	29.7971	NUM
aijbe-575	223	38	at	at	ADP
aijbe-575	223	39	most	most	ADJ
aijbe-575	223	40	3	3	NUM
aijbe-575	223	41	10.56256	10.56256	NUM
aijbe-575	223	42	15.4947	15.4947	NUM
aijbe-575	223	43	at	at	ADP
aijbe-575	223	44	most	most	ADJ
aijbe-575	223	45	4	4	NUM
aijbe-575	223	46	0.006139	0.006139	NUM
aijbe-575	223	47	3.84146	3.84146	NUM
aijbe-575	223	48	source	source	NOUN
aijbe-575	223	49	:	:	PUNCT
aijbe-575	223	50	e	e	NOUN
aijbe-575	223	51	-	-	NOUN
aijbe-575	223	52	views	view	NOUN
aijbe-575	223	53	9	9	NUM
aijbe-575	223	54	software	software	NOUN
aijbe-575	223	55	from	from	ADP
aijbe-575	223	56	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	223	57	table	table	NOUN
aijbe-575	223	58	4.3	4.3	NUM
aijbe-575	223	59	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	223	60	it	it	PRON
aijbe-575	223	61	is	be	AUX
aijbe-575	223	62	evident	evident	ADJ
aijbe-575	223	63	there	there	ADV
aijbe-575	223	64	exist	exist	VERB
aijbe-575	223	65	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	223	66	long	long	ADV
aijbe-575	223	67	-	-	PUNCT
aijbe-575	223	68	run	run	NOUN
aijbe-575	223	69	relationship	relationship	NOUN
aijbe-575	223	70	since	since	SCONJ
aijbe-575	223	71	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	223	72	trace	trace	NOUN
aijbe-575	223	73	statistics	statistic	NOUN
aijbe-575	223	74	is	be	AUX
aijbe-575	223	75	greater	great	ADJ
aijbe-575	223	76	than	than	ADP
aijbe-575	223	77	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	223	78	0.05	0.05	NUM
aijbe-575	223	79	critical	critical	ADJ
aijbe-575	223	80	value	value	NOUN
aijbe-575	223	81	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	224	1	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	224	2	co	co	NOUN
aijbe-575	224	3	-	-	ADJ
aijbe-575	224	4	integrating	integrating	ADJ
aijbe-575	224	5	rank	rank	NOUN
aijbe-575	224	6	is	be	AUX
aijbe-575	224	7	2	2	NUM
aijbe-575	224	8	(	(	PUNCT
aijbe-575	224	9	i.e.	i.e.	X
aijbe-575	224	10	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	224	11	number	number	NOUN
aijbe-575	224	12	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	224	13	variables	variable	NOUN
aijbe-575	224	14	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	224	15	study	study	NOUN
aijbe-575	224	16	minus	minus	ADP
aijbe-575	224	17	number	number	NOUN
aijbe-575	224	18	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	224	19	co	co	ADJ
aijbe-575	224	20	-	-	ADJ
aijbe-575	224	21	integrating	integrating	ADJ
aijbe-575	224	22	vectors	vector	NOUN
aijbe-575	224	23	:	:	PUNCT
aijbe-575	224	24	5	5	NUM
aijbe-575	224	25	–	–	SYM
aijbe-575	224	26	2	2	NUM
aijbe-575	224	27	=	=	SYM
aijbe-575	224	28	3	3	NUM
aijbe-575	224	29	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	224	30	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	225	1	thus	thus	ADV
aijbe-575	225	2	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	225	3	at	at	ADP
aijbe-575	225	4	0.05	0.05	NUM
aijbe-575	225	5	level	level	NOUN
aijbe-575	225	6	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	225	7	significance	significance	NOUN
aijbe-575	225	8	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	225	9	we	we	PRON
aijbe-575	225	10	reject	reject	VERB
aijbe-575	225	11	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	225	12	null	null	ADJ
aijbe-575	225	13	hypothesis	hypothesis	NOUN
aijbe-575	225	14	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	225	15	conclude	conclude	VERB
aijbe-575	225	16	that	that	SCONJ
aijbe-575	225	17	there	there	PRON
aijbe-575	225	18	is	be	VERB
aijbe-575	225	19	cointegration	cointegration	NOUN
aijbe-575	225	20	amongst	amongst	ADP
aijbe-575	225	21	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	225	22	variables	variable	NOUN
aijbe-575	225	23	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	225	24	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	225	25	model	model	NOUN
aijbe-575	225	26	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	226	1	this	this	PRON
aijbe-575	226	2	suggests	suggest	VERB
aijbe-575	226	3	long	long	ADJ
aijbe-575	226	4	run	run	NOUN
aijbe-575	226	5	relationship	relationship	NOUN
aijbe-575	226	6	amongst	amongst	ADP
aijbe-575	226	7	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	226	8	variables	variable	NOUN
aijbe-575	226	9	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	227	1	regression	regression	NOUN
aijbe-575	227	2	results	result	NOUN
aijbe-575	227	3	(	(	PUNCT
aijbe-575	227	4	ols	ol	NOUN
aijbe-575	227	5	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	227	6	after	after	SCONJ
aijbe-575	227	7	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	227	8	application	application	NOUN
aijbe-575	227	9	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	227	10	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	227	11	ordinary	ordinary	ADJ
aijbe-575	227	12	least	least	ADJ
aijbe-575	227	13	square	square	ADJ
aijbe-575	227	14	(	(	PUNCT
aijbe-575	227	15	ols	ol	NOUN
aijbe-575	227	16	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	227	17	estimation	estimation	NOUN
aijbe-575	227	18	method	method	NOUN
aijbe-575	227	19	on	on	ADP
aijbe-575	227	20	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	227	21	model	model	NOUN
aijbe-575	227	22	earlier	early	ADV
aijbe-575	227	23	suggested	suggest	VERB
aijbe-575	227	24	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	227	25	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	227	26	previous	previous	ADJ
aijbe-575	227	27	chapter	chapter	NOUN
aijbe-575	227	28	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	227	29	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	227	30	following	follow	VERB
aijbe-575	227	31	results	result	NOUN
aijbe-575	227	32	shown	show	VERB
aijbe-575	227	33	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	227	34	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	227	35	table	table	NOUN
aijbe-575	227	36	below	below	ADV
aijbe-575	227	37	was	be	AUX
aijbe-575	227	38	obtained	obtain	VERB
aijbe-575	227	39	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	227	40	table	table	NOUN
aijbe-575	227	41	3	3	NUM
aijbe-575	227	42	:	:	PUNCT
aijbe-575	227	43	ols	ol	NOUN
aijbe-575	227	44	estimation	estimation	NOUN
aijbe-575	227	45	result	result	NOUN
aijbe-575	227	46	(	(	PUNCT
aijbe-575	227	47	dependent	dependent	ADJ
aijbe-575	227	48	variable	variable	NOUN
aijbe-575	227	49	:	:	PUNCT
aijbe-575	227	50	lgdp	lgdp	PROPN
aijbe-575	227	51	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	227	52	newey	newey	PROPN
aijbe-575	227	53	-	-	PUNCT
aijbe-575	227	54	west	west	PROPN
aijbe-575	227	55	hac	hac	PROPN
aijbe-575	227	56	applied	apply	VERB
aijbe-575	227	57	variable	variable	ADJ
aijbe-575	227	58	coefficient	coefficient	NOUN
aijbe-575	227	59	standard	standard	ADJ
aijbe-575	227	60	error	error	NOUN
aijbe-575	227	61	t	t	NOUN
aijbe-575	227	62	-	-	PUNCT
aijbe-575	227	63	stat	stat	NOUN
aijbe-575	227	64	p	p	NOUN
aijbe-575	227	65	-	-	PUNCT
aijbe-575	227	66	value	value	NOUN
aijbe-575	227	67	imt	imt	NOUN
aijbe-575	227	68	-0.0037	-0.0037	NOUN
aijbe-575	228	1	0.0189	0.0189	NUM
aijbe-575	228	2	-0.2001	-0.2001	NOUN
aijbe-575	228	3	0.8427	0.8427	NUM
aijbe-575	228	4	exr	exr	PROPN
aijbe-575	228	5	0.0160	0.0160	NUM
aijbe-575	228	6	0.0031	0.0031	NUM
aijbe-575	228	7	5.0756	5.0756	NUM
aijbe-575	228	8	0.0000	0.0000	NUM
aijbe-575	228	9	to	to	ADP
aijbe-575	228	10	0.0354	0.0354	NUM
aijbe-575	228	11	0.0241	0.0241	NUM
aijbe-575	228	12	1.4668	1.4668	NUM
aijbe-575	228	13	0.1532	0.1532	NUM
aijbe-575	228	14	inf	inf	PROPN
aijbe-575	228	15	-0.0137	-0.0137	PROPN
aijbe-575	228	16	0.0135	0.0135	NUM
aijbe-575	228	17	-1.0183	-1.0183	NOUN
aijbe-575	228	18	0.3169	0.3169	NUM
aijbe-575	229	1	c	c	NOUN
aijbe-575	229	2	27.299	27.299	NUM
aijbe-575	229	3	1.5058	1.5058	NUM
aijbe-575	229	4	18.128	18.128	NUM
aijbe-575	229	5	0.0000	0.0000	NUM
aijbe-575	229	6	r2	r2	NOUN
aijbe-575	229	7	=	=	SYM
aijbe-575	229	8	0.83	0.83	NUM
aijbe-575	229	9	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	229	10	adjusted	adjust	VERB
aijbe-575	229	11	r2	r2	NOUN
aijbe-575	229	12	=	=	NOUN
aijbe-575	229	13	0.81	0.81	NUM
aijbe-575	229	14	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	229	15	f	f	NOUN
aijbe-575	229	16	-	-	PUNCT
aijbe-575	229	17	stat	stat	NOUN
aijbe-575	229	18	=	=	SYM
aijbe-575	229	19	37.8969	37.8969	NUM
aijbe-575	229	20	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	229	21	prob(f	prob(f	NOUN
aijbe-575	229	22	-	-	PUNCT
aijbe-575	229	23	stat	stat	NOUN
aijbe-575	229	24	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	229	25	=	=	SYM
aijbe-575	230	1	0.0000	0.0000	NUM
aijbe-575	230	2	dw	dw	NOUN
aijbe-575	230	3	=	=	NOUN
aijbe-575	230	4	0.357	0.357	NUM
aijbe-575	230	5	balogun	balogun	VERB
aijbe-575	230	6	david	david	PROPN
aijbe-575	230	7	ibukun	ibukun	PROPN
aijbe-575	230	8	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	230	9	prof	prof	NOUN
aijbe-575	230	10	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	231	1	okechukwu	okechukwu	PROPN
aijbe-575	231	2	e.	e.	PROPN
aijbe-575	231	3	u.	u.	PROPN
aijbe-575	231	4	(	(	PUNCT
aijbe-575	231	5	2023	2023	NUM
aijbe-575	231	6	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	231	7	9	9	NUM
aijbe-575	231	8	american	american	ADJ
aijbe-575	231	9	interdisciplinary	interdisciplinary	ADJ
aijbe-575	231	10	journal	journal	NOUN
aijbe-575	231	11	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	231	12	business	business	NOUN
aijbe-575	231	13	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	231	14	economics	economic	NOUN
aijbe-575	231	15	|	|	ADV
aijbe-575	231	16	https://sadijournals.org/index.php/aijbe	https://sadijournals.org/index.php/aijbe	VERB
aijbe-575	231	17	source	source	NOUN
aijbe-575	231	18	:	:	PUNCT
aijbe-575	231	19	e	e	NOUN
aijbe-575	231	20	-	-	NOUN
aijbe-575	231	21	views	views	ADJ
aijbe-575	231	22	9	9	NUM
aijbe-575	231	23	software	software	NOUN
aijbe-575	231	24	discussion	discussion	NOUN
aijbe-575	231	25	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	231	26	results	result	NOUN
aijbe-575	231	27	import	import	NOUN
aijbe-575	231	28	tariff	tariff	NOUN
aijbe-575	231	29	has	have	VERB
aijbe-575	231	30	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	231	31	coefficient	coefficient	NOUN
aijbe-575	231	32	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	231	33	-0.003	-0.003	NUM
aijbe-575	231	34	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	231	35	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	231	36	this	this	PRON
aijbe-575	231	37	shows	show	VERB
aijbe-575	231	38	that	that	SCONJ
aijbe-575	231	39	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	231	40	unit	unit	NOUN
aijbe-575	231	41	increase	increase	NOUN
aijbe-575	231	42	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	231	43	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	231	44	import	import	NOUN
aijbe-575	231	45	tariff	tariff	NOUN
aijbe-575	231	46	will	will	AUX
aijbe-575	231	47	reduce	reduce	VERB
aijbe-575	231	48	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	231	49	gross	gross	ADJ
aijbe-575	231	50	domestic	domestic	ADJ
aijbe-575	231	51	product	product	NOUN
aijbe-575	231	52	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	231	53	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
aijbe-575	231	54	by	by	ADP
aijbe-575	231	55	0.003	0.003	NUM
aijbe-575	231	56	units	unit	NOUN
aijbe-575	231	57	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	231	58	which	which	PRON
aijbe-575	231	59	is	be	AUX
aijbe-575	231	60	insignificant	insignificant	ADJ
aijbe-575	231	61	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	232	1	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	232	2	exchange	exchange	NOUN
aijbe-575	232	3	rate	rate	NOUN
aijbe-575	232	4	has	have	VERB
aijbe-575	232	5	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	232	6	coefficient	coefficient	NOUN
aijbe-575	232	7	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	232	8	0.016	0.016	NUM
aijbe-575	232	9	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	233	1	this	this	PRON
aijbe-575	233	2	means	mean	VERB
aijbe-575	233	3	that	that	SCONJ
aijbe-575	233	4	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	233	5	unit	unit	NOUN
aijbe-575	233	6	increase	increase	NOUN
aijbe-575	233	7	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	233	8	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	233	9	exchange	exchange	NOUN
aijbe-575	233	10	rate	rate	NOUN
aijbe-575	233	11	will	will	AUX
aijbe-575	233	12	increase	increase	VERB
aijbe-575	233	13	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	233	14	gross	gross	ADJ
aijbe-575	233	15	domestic	domestic	ADJ
aijbe-575	233	16	product	product	NOUN
aijbe-575	233	17	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	233	18	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
aijbe-575	233	19	by	by	ADP
aijbe-575	233	20	0.016	0.016	NUM
aijbe-575	233	21	units	unit	NOUN
aijbe-575	233	22	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	234	1	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	234	2	value	value	NOUN
aijbe-575	234	3	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	234	4	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	234	5	t	t	PROPN
aijbe-575	234	6	-	-	PUNCT
aijbe-575	234	7	statistics	statistic	NOUN
aijbe-575	234	8	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	234	9	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	234	10	p	p	NOUN
aijbe-575	234	11	-	-	PUNCT
aijbe-575	234	12	value	value	NOUN
aijbe-575	234	13	indicate	indicate	VERB
aijbe-575	234	14	that	that	SCONJ
aijbe-575	234	15	this	this	DET
aijbe-575	234	16	effect	effect	NOUN
aijbe-575	234	17	is	be	AUX
aijbe-575	234	18	statistically	statistically	ADV
aijbe-575	234	19	significant	significant	ADJ
aijbe-575	234	20	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	235	1	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	235	2	fact	fact	NOUN
aijbe-575	235	3	that	that	SCONJ
aijbe-575	235	4	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	235	5	inflation	inflation	NOUN
aijbe-575	235	6	rate	rate	NOUN
aijbe-575	235	7	has	have	AUX
aijbe-575	235	8	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	235	9	coefficient	coefficient	NOUN
aijbe-575	235	10	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	235	11	–	–	PUNCT
aijbe-575	235	12	0.013	0.013	NUM
aijbe-575	235	13	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	235	14	shows	show	VERB
aijbe-575	235	15	that	that	SCONJ
aijbe-575	235	16	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	235	17	unit	unit	NOUN
aijbe-575	235	18	increase	increase	NOUN
aijbe-575	235	19	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	235	20	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	235	21	inflation	inflation	NOUN
aijbe-575	235	22	rate	rate	NOUN
aijbe-575	235	23	is	be	AUX
aijbe-575	235	24	going	go	VERB
aijbe-575	235	25	to	to	PART
aijbe-575	235	26	cause	cause	VERB
aijbe-575	235	27	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	235	28	gross	gross	ADJ
aijbe-575	235	29	domestic	domestic	ADJ
aijbe-575	235	30	product	product	NOUN
aijbe-575	235	31	to	to	PART
aijbe-575	235	32	decrease	decrease	VERB
aijbe-575	235	33	by	by	ADP
aijbe-575	235	34	-0.013	-0.013	PROPN
aijbe-575	235	35	units	unit	NOUN
aijbe-575	235	36	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	236	1	however	however	ADV
aijbe-575	236	2	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	236	3	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	236	4	effect	effect	NOUN
aijbe-575	236	5	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	236	6	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	236	7	inflation	inflation	NOUN
aijbe-575	236	8	rate	rate	NOUN
aijbe-575	236	9	on	on	ADP
aijbe-575	236	10	gross	gross	ADJ
aijbe-575	236	11	domestic	domestic	ADJ
aijbe-575	236	12	product	product	NOUN
aijbe-575	236	13	is	be	AUX
aijbe-575	236	14	insignificant	insignificant	ADJ
aijbe-575	236	15	as	as	SCONJ
aijbe-575	236	16	shown	show	VERB
aijbe-575	236	17	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	236	18	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	236	19	t	t	PROPN
aijbe-575	236	20	-	-	PUNCT
aijbe-575	236	21	statistics	statistic	NOUN
aijbe-575	236	22	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	236	23	which	which	PRON
aijbe-575	236	24	is	be	AUX
aijbe-575	236	25	lesser	less	ADJ
aijbe-575	236	26	than	than	ADP
aijbe-575	236	27	2	2	NUM
aijbe-575	236	28	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	237	1	trade	trade	NOUN
aijbe-575	237	2	openness	openness	NOUN
aijbe-575	237	3	has	have	VERB
aijbe-575	237	4	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	237	5	coefficient	coefficient	NOUN
aijbe-575	237	6	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	237	7	0.035	0.035	NUM
aijbe-575	237	8	which	which	PRON
aijbe-575	237	9	shows	show	VERB
aijbe-575	237	10	that	that	SCONJ
aijbe-575	237	11	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	237	12	unit	unit	NOUN
aijbe-575	237	13	increase	increase	NOUN
aijbe-575	237	14	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	237	15	trade	trade	NOUN
aijbe-575	237	16	openness	openness	NOUN
aijbe-575	237	17	is	be	AUX
aijbe-575	237	18	going	go	VERB
aijbe-575	237	19	to	to	PART
aijbe-575	237	20	increase	increase	VERB
aijbe-575	237	21	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	237	22	gross	gross	ADJ
aijbe-575	237	23	domestic	domestic	ADJ
aijbe-575	237	24	product	product	NOUN
aijbe-575	237	25	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	237	26	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
aijbe-575	237	27	by	by	ADP
aijbe-575	237	28	0.035	0.035	NUM
aijbe-575	237	29	units	unit	NOUN
aijbe-575	237	30	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	238	1	this	this	PRON
aijbe-575	238	2	goes	go	VERB
aijbe-575	238	3	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	238	4	line	line	NOUN
aijbe-575	238	5	with	with	ADP
aijbe-575	238	6	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	238	7	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	238	8	priori	priori	ADJ
aijbe-575	238	9	expectation	expectation	NOUN
aijbe-575	238	10	because	because	SCONJ
aijbe-575	238	11	an	an	DET
aijbe-575	238	12	increase	increase	NOUN
aijbe-575	238	13	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	238	14	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	238	15	rate	rate	NOUN
aijbe-575	238	16	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	238	17	export	export	NOUN
aijbe-575	238	18	as	as	ADP
aijbe-575	238	19	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	238	20	ratio	ratio	NOUN
aijbe-575	238	21	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	238	22	imports	import	NOUN
aijbe-575	238	23	adds	add	VERB
aijbe-575	238	24	extra	extra	ADJ
aijbe-575	238	25	value	value	NOUN
aijbe-575	238	26	to	to	ADP
aijbe-575	238	27	economic	economic	ADJ
aijbe-575	238	28	output	output	NOUN
aijbe-575	238	29	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	239	1	diagnostic	diagnostic	ADJ
aijbe-575	239	2	tests	test	NOUN
aijbe-575	239	3	1	1	NUM
aijbe-575	239	4	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	239	5	test	test	NOUN
aijbe-575	239	6	for	for	ADP
aijbe-575	239	7	multicollinearity	multicollinearity	NOUN
aijbe-575	239	8	:	:	PUNCT
aijbe-575	239	9	one	one	NUM
aijbe-575	239	10	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	239	11	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	239	12	assumptions	assumption	NOUN
aijbe-575	239	13	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	239	14	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	239	15	ols	ol	NOUN
aijbe-575	239	16	is	be	AUX
aijbe-575	239	17	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	239	18	assumption	assumption	NOUN
aijbe-575	239	19	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	239	20	no	no	DET
aijbe-575	239	21	multi	multi	NOUN
aijbe-575	239	22	-	-	NOUN
aijbe-575	239	23	collinearity	collinearity	NOUN
aijbe-575	239	24	among	among	ADP
aijbe-575	239	25	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	239	26	regressors	regressor	NOUN
aijbe-575	239	27	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	239	28	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	239	29	model	model	NOUN
aijbe-575	239	30	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	240	1	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	240	2	carrying	carry	VERB
aijbe-575	240	3	out	out	ADP
aijbe-575	240	4	this	this	DET
aijbe-575	240	5	test	test	NOUN
aijbe-575	240	6	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	240	7	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	240	8	simple	simple	ADJ
aijbe-575	240	9	rule	rule	NOUN
aijbe-575	240	10	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	240	11	thumb	thumb	NOUN
aijbe-575	240	12	is	be	AUX
aijbe-575	240	13	used	use	VERB
aijbe-575	240	14	to	to	PART
aijbe-575	240	15	search	search	VERB
aijbe-575	240	16	for	for	ADP
aijbe-575	240	17	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	240	18	high	high	ADJ
aijbe-575	240	19	pairwise	pairwise	NOUN
aijbe-575	240	20	or	or	CCONJ
aijbe-575	240	21	zero	zero	NUM
aijbe-575	240	22	-	-	PUNCT
aijbe-575	240	23	order	order	NOUN
aijbe-575	240	24	correlation	correlation	NOUN
aijbe-575	240	25	between	between	ADP
aijbe-575	240	26	any	any	DET
aijbe-575	240	27	two	two	NUM
aijbe-575	240	28	regressors	regressor	NOUN
aijbe-575	240	29	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	241	1	if	if	SCONJ
aijbe-575	241	2	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	241	3	correlation	correlation	NOUN
aijbe-575	241	4	coefficient	coefficient	NOUN
aijbe-575	241	5	is	be	AUX
aijbe-575	241	6	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	241	7	excess	excess	NOUN
aijbe-575	241	8	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	241	9	0.8	0.8	NUM
aijbe-575	241	10	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	241	11	then	then	ADV
aijbe-575	241	12	multi	multi	ADJ
aijbe-575	241	13	-	-	NOUN
aijbe-575	241	14	collinearity	collinearity	NOUN
aijbe-575	241	15	is	be	AUX
aijbe-575	241	16	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	241	17	serious	serious	ADJ
aijbe-575	241	18	problem	problem	NOUN
aijbe-575	241	19	(	(	PUNCT
aijbe-575	241	20	gujarati	gujarati	PROPN
aijbe-575	241	21	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	241	22	sangeetta	sangeetta	NOUN
aijbe-575	241	23	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	241	24	2007	2007	NUM
aijbe-575	241	25	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	241	26	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	242	1	decision	decision	NOUN
aijbe-575	242	2	rule	rule	NOUN
aijbe-575	242	3	:	:	PUNCT
aijbe-575	242	4	if	if	SCONJ
aijbe-575	242	5	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	242	6	correlation	correlation	NOUN
aijbe-575	242	7	coefficient	coefficient	NOUN
aijbe-575	242	8	is	be	AUX
aijbe-575	242	9	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	242	10	excess	excess	NOUN
aijbe-575	242	11	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	242	12	0.8	0.8	NUM
aijbe-575	242	13	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	242	14	then	then	ADV
aijbe-575	242	15	there	there	PRON
aijbe-575	242	16	is	be	VERB
aijbe-575	242	17	multi	multi	ADJ
aijbe-575	242	18	-	-	NOUN
aijbe-575	242	19	collinearity	collinearity	NOUN
aijbe-575	242	20	between	between	ADP
aijbe-575	242	21	two	two	NUM
aijbe-575	242	22	regressors	regressor	NOUN
aijbe-575	242	23	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	243	1	table	table	NOUN
aijbe-575	243	2	4	4	NUM
aijbe-575	243	3	correlation	correlation	NOUN
aijbe-575	243	4	matrix	matrix	NOUN
aijbe-575	243	5	lgdp	lgdp	NOUN
aijbe-575	243	6	imt	imt	PROPN
aijbe-575	243	7	exr	exr	PROPN
aijbe-575	243	8	inf	inf	PROPN
aijbe-575	243	9	to	to	PART
aijbe-575	243	10	lgdp	lgdp	VERB
aijbe-575	243	11	1.000000	1.000000	NUM
aijbe-575	243	12	-0.603506	-0.603506	NOUN
aijbe-575	244	1	0.880708	0.880708	NUM
aijbe-575	244	2	-0.581218	-0.581218	NOUN
aijbe-575	244	3	-0.093181	-0.093181	PROPN
aijbe-575	244	4	imt	imt	PROPN
aijbe-575	244	5	-0.603506	-0.603506	NOUN
aijbe-575	244	6	1.000000	1.000000	NUM
aijbe-575	244	7	-0.544250	-0.544250	VERB
aijbe-575	245	1	0.794118	0.794118	NUM
aijbe-575	245	2	0.002611	0.002611	NUM
aijbe-575	245	3	exr	exr	PROPN
aijbe-575	245	4	0.880708	0.880708	NUM
aijbe-575	245	5	-0.544250	-0.544250	PUNCT
aijbe-575	245	6	1.000000	1.000000	NUM
aijbe-575	245	7	-0.451688	-0.451688	NOUN
aijbe-575	245	8	-0.342143	-0.342143	PROPN
aijbe-575	245	9	inf	inf	PROPN
aijbe-575	245	10	-0.581218	-0.581218	NOUN
aijbe-575	245	11	0.794118	0.794118	NUM
aijbe-575	245	12	-0.451688	-0.451688	NOUN
aijbe-575	245	13	1.000000	1.000000	NUM
aijbe-575	245	14	-0.216832	-0.216832	NOUN
aijbe-575	245	15	to	to	ADP
aijbe-575	245	16	-0.093181	-0.093181	PROPN
aijbe-575	245	17	0.002611	0.002611	NUM
aijbe-575	245	18	-0.342143	-0.342143	NOUN
aijbe-575	245	19	-0.216832	-0.216832	NOUN
aijbe-575	246	1	1.000000	1.000000	NUM
aijbe-575	246	2	source	source	NOUN
aijbe-575	246	3	:	:	PUNCT
aijbe-575	246	4	e	e	NOUN
aijbe-575	246	5	-	-	NOUN
aijbe-575	246	6	views	view	NOUN
aijbe-575	246	7	9	9	NUM
aijbe-575	246	8	software	software	NOUN
aijbe-575	246	9	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	246	10	correlation	correlation	NOUN
aijbe-575	246	11	matrix	matrix	NOUN
aijbe-575	246	12	above	above	ADP
aijbe-575	246	13	tells	tell	VERB
aijbe-575	246	14	us	we	PRON
aijbe-575	246	15	that	that	SCONJ
aijbe-575	246	16	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	246	17	independent	independent	ADJ
aijbe-575	246	18	variables	variable	NOUN
aijbe-575	246	19	used	use	VERB
aijbe-575	246	20	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	246	21	this	this	DET
aijbe-575	246	22	study	study	NOUN
aijbe-575	246	23	are	be	AUX
aijbe-575	246	24	not	not	PART
aijbe-575	246	25	strongly	strongly	ADV
aijbe-575	246	26	correlated	correlate	VERB
aijbe-575	246	27	with	with	ADP
aijbe-575	246	28	one	one	NUM
aijbe-575	246	29	another	another	DET
aijbe-575	246	30	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	247	1	this	this	PRON
aijbe-575	247	2	is	be	AUX
aijbe-575	247	3	because	because	SCONJ
aijbe-575	247	4	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	247	5	correlation	correlation	NOUN
aijbe-575	247	6	coefficients	coefficient	VERB
aijbe-575	247	7	between	between	ADP
aijbe-575	247	8	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	247	9	variables	variable	NOUN
aijbe-575	247	10	are	be	AUX
aijbe-575	247	11	all	all	ADV
aijbe-575	247	12	less	less	ADJ
aijbe-575	247	13	than	than	ADP
aijbe-575	247	14	0.8	0.8	NUM
aijbe-575	247	15	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	247	16	as	as	SCONJ
aijbe-575	247	17	explained	explain	VERB
aijbe-575	247	18	by	by	ADP
aijbe-575	247	19	gujarati	gujarati	PROPN
aijbe-575	247	20	(	(	PUNCT
aijbe-575	247	21	2005	2005	NUM
aijbe-575	247	22	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	247	23	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	248	1	2	2	X
aijbe-575	248	2	.	.	X
aijbe-575	248	3	test	test	NOUN
aijbe-575	248	4	for	for	ADP
aijbe-575	248	5	heteroskedasticity	heteroskedasticity	NOUN
aijbe-575	248	6	:	:	PUNCT
aijbe-575	248	7	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	248	8	white	white	PROPN
aijbe-575	248	9	general	general	ADJ
aijbe-575	248	10	test	test	NOUN
aijbe-575	248	11	for	for	ADP
aijbe-575	248	12	heteroskedasticity	heteroskedasticity	NOUN
aijbe-575	248	13	(	(	PUNCT
aijbe-575	248	14	gross	gross	ADJ
aijbe-575	248	15	terms	term	NOUN
aijbe-575	248	16	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	248	17	is	be	AUX
aijbe-575	248	18	employed	employ	VERB
aijbe-575	248	19	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	248	20	this	this	DET
aijbe-575	248	21	study	study	NOUN
aijbe-575	248	22	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	249	1	that	that	PRON
aijbe-575	249	2	is	be	AUX
aijbe-575	249	3	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	249	4	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	249	5	squared	square	VERB
aijbe-575	249	6	residuals	residual	NOUN
aijbe-575	249	7	from	from	ADP
aijbe-575	249	8	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	249	9	original	original	ADJ
aijbe-575	249	10	regression	regression	NOUN
aijbe-575	249	11	are	be	AUX
aijbe-575	249	12	regressed	regress	VERB
aijbe-575	249	13	on	on	ADP
aijbe-575	249	14	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	249	15	original	original	ADJ
aijbe-575	249	16	regressors	regressor	NOUN
aijbe-575	249	17	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	249	18	their	their	PRON
aijbe-575	249	19	squared	squared	ADJ
aijbe-575	249	20	values	value	NOUN
aijbe-575	249	21	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	249	22	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	249	23	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	249	24	cross	cross	NOUN
aijbe-575	249	25	product(s	product(s	NOUN
aijbe-575	249	26	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	249	27	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	249	28	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	249	29	regressors	regressor	NOUN
aijbe-575	249	30	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	250	1	h0	h0	PROPN
aijbe-575	250	2	:	:	PUNCT
aijbe-575	250	3	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	250	4	variances	variance	NOUN
aijbe-575	250	5	are	be	AUX
aijbe-575	250	6	homoscedastic	homoscedastic	ADJ
aijbe-575	250	7	vs	vs	ADP
aijbe-575	250	8	h1	h1	PROPN
aijbe-575	250	9	:	:	PUNCT
aijbe-575	250	10	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	250	11	variances	variance	NOUN
aijbe-575	250	12	are	be	AUX
aijbe-575	250	13	heteroskedastic	heteroskedastic	ADJ
aijbe-575	250	14	decision	decision	NOUN
aijbe-575	250	15	rule	rule	NOUN
aijbe-575	250	16	:	:	PUNCT
aijbe-575	250	17	if	if	SCONJ
aijbe-575	250	18	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	250	19	p	p	NOUN
aijbe-575	250	20	-	-	PUNCT
aijbe-575	250	21	value	value	NOUN
aijbe-575	250	22	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	250	23	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	250	24	chi	chi	NOUN
aijbe-575	250	25	-	-	PUNCT
aijbe-575	250	26	square	square	NOUN
aijbe-575	250	27	<	<	NOUN
aijbe-575	250	28	0.05	0.05	NUM
aijbe-575	250	29	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	250	30	we	we	PRON
aijbe-575	250	31	reject	reject	VERB
aijbe-575	250	32	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	250	33	null	null	ADJ
aijbe-575	250	34	hypothesis	hypothesis	NOUN
aijbe-575	250	35	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	251	1	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	251	2	we	we	PRON
aijbe-575	251	3	fail	fail	VERB
aijbe-575	251	4	to	to	PART
aijbe-575	251	5	reject	reject	VERB
aijbe-575	251	6	if	if	SCONJ
aijbe-575	251	7	otherwise	otherwise	ADV
aijbe-575	251	8	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	252	1	source	source	NOUN
aijbe-575	252	2	:	:	PUNCT
aijbe-575	252	3	e	e	NOUN
aijbe-575	252	4	-	-	NOUN
aijbe-575	252	5	views	views	ADJ
aijbe-575	252	6	9	9	NUM
aijbe-575	252	7	software	software	NOUN
aijbe-575	252	8	heteroskedasticity	heteroskedasticity	NOUN
aijbe-575	252	9	test	test	NOUN
aijbe-575	252	10	:	:	PUNCT
aijbe-575	252	11	white	white	ADJ
aijbe-575	252	12	f	f	X
aijbe-575	252	13	-	-	PUNCT
aijbe-575	252	14	statistic	statistic	ADJ
aijbe-575	252	15	1.424338	1.424338	NUM
aijbe-575	252	16	prob	prob	NOUN
aijbe-575	252	17	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	253	1	f(14,19	f(14,19	NOUN
aijbe-575	253	2	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	253	3	0.2330	0.2330	NUM
aijbe-575	253	4	obs*r	obs*r	NOUN
aijbe-575	253	5	-	-	PUNCT
aijbe-575	253	6	squared	square	VERB
aijbe-575	253	7	17.41069	17.41069	NUM
aijbe-575	253	8	prob	prob	NOUN
aijbe-575	253	9	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	254	1	chi	chi	ADJ
aijbe-575	254	2	-	-	PUNCT
aijbe-575	254	3	square(14	square(14	NOUN
aijbe-575	254	4	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	254	5	0.2350	0.2350	NUM
aijbe-575	254	6	scaled	scale	VERB
aijbe-575	254	7	explained	explain	VERB
aijbe-575	254	8	ss	ss	PROPN
aijbe-575	254	9	5.484663	5.484663	NUM
aijbe-575	254	10	prob	prob	NOUN
aijbe-575	254	11	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	255	1	chi	chi	ADJ
aijbe-575	255	2	-	-	PUNCT
aijbe-575	255	3	square(14	square(14	NOUN
aijbe-575	255	4	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	255	5	0.9779	0.9779	NUM
aijbe-575	255	6	source	source	NOUN
aijbe-575	255	7	:	:	PUNCT
aijbe-575	255	8	eviews	eviews	PROPN
aijbe-575	255	9	10.0	10.0	NUM
aijbe-575	255	10	since	since	SCONJ
aijbe-575	255	11	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	255	12	probability	probability	NOUN
aijbe-575	255	13	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	255	14	chi	chi	NOUN
aijbe-575	255	15	-	-	PUNCT
aijbe-575	255	16	square	square	NOUN
aijbe-575	255	17	is	be	AUX
aijbe-575	255	18	0.2350	0.2350	NUM
aijbe-575	255	19	which	which	PRON
aijbe-575	255	20	is	be	AUX
aijbe-575	255	21	greater	great	ADJ
aijbe-575	255	22	than	than	ADP
aijbe-575	255	23	0.05	0.05	NUM
aijbe-575	255	24	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	255	25	we	we	PRON
aijbe-575	255	26	do	do	AUX
aijbe-575	255	27	not	not	PART
aijbe-575	255	28	reject	reject	VERB
aijbe-575	255	29	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	255	30	null	null	ADJ
aijbe-575	255	31	hypothesis	hypothesis	NOUN
aijbe-575	255	32	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	255	33	conclude	conclude	VERB
aijbe-575	255	34	that	that	SCONJ
aijbe-575	255	35	there	there	PRON
aijbe-575	255	36	no	no	PRON
aijbe-575	255	37	is	be	AUX
aijbe-575	255	38	heteroskedasticity	heteroskedasticity	NOUN
aijbe-575	255	39	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	255	40	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	255	41	model	model	NOUN
aijbe-575	255	42	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	256	1	balogun	balogun	VERB
aijbe-575	256	2	david	david	PROPN
aijbe-575	256	3	ibukun	ibukun	PROPN
aijbe-575	256	4	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	256	5	prof	prof	NOUN
aijbe-575	256	6	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	257	1	okechukwu	okechukwu	PROPN
aijbe-575	257	2	e.	e.	PROPN
aijbe-575	257	3	u.	u.	PROPN
aijbe-575	257	4	(	(	PUNCT
aijbe-575	257	5	2023	2023	NUM
aijbe-575	257	6	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	257	7	10	10	NUM
aijbe-575	257	8	american	american	ADJ
aijbe-575	257	9	interdisciplinary	interdisciplinary	ADJ
aijbe-575	257	10	journal	journal	NOUN
aijbe-575	257	11	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	257	12	business	business	NOUN
aijbe-575	257	13	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	257	14	economics	economic	NOUN
aijbe-575	257	15	|	|	ADV
aijbe-575	257	16	https://sadijournals.org/index.php/aijbe	https://sadijournals.org/index.php/aijbe	VERB
aijbe-575	257	17	3	3	NUM
aijbe-575	257	18	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	257	19	test	test	NOUN
aijbe-575	257	20	for	for	ADP
aijbe-575	257	21	autocorrelation	autocorrelation	NOUN
aijbe-575	257	22	:	:	PUNCT
aijbe-575	257	23	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	257	24	purpose	purpose	NOUN
aijbe-575	257	25	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	257	26	this	this	DET
aijbe-575	257	27	test	test	NOUN
aijbe-575	257	28	is	be	AUX
aijbe-575	257	29	to	to	PART
aijbe-575	257	30	verify	verify	VERB
aijbe-575	257	31	whether	whether	SCONJ
aijbe-575	257	32	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	257	33	errors	error	NOUN
aijbe-575	257	34	corresponding	correspond	VERB
aijbe-575	257	35	to	to	ADP
aijbe-575	257	36	different	different	ADJ
aijbe-575	257	37	observations	observation	NOUN
aijbe-575	257	38	are	be	AUX
aijbe-575	257	39	uncorrelated	uncorrelate	VERB
aijbe-575	257	40	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	258	1	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	258	2	breusch	breusch	ADV
aijbe-575	258	3	-	-	PUNCT
aijbe-575	258	4	godfreytest	godfreyt	ADJ
aijbe-575	258	5	is	be	AUX
aijbe-575	258	6	adopted	adopt	VERB
aijbe-575	258	7	for	for	ADP
aijbe-575	258	8	this	this	DET
aijbe-575	258	9	test	test	NOUN
aijbe-575	258	10	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	259	1	h0	h0	PROPN
aijbe-575	259	2	:	:	PUNCT
aijbe-575	259	3	there	there	PRON
aijbe-575	259	4	is	be	VERB
aijbe-575	259	5	no	no	DET
aijbe-575	259	6	autocorrelation	autocorrelation	NOUN
aijbe-575	259	7	decision	decision	NOUN
aijbe-575	259	8	rule	rule	NOUN
aijbe-575	259	9	:	:	PUNCT
aijbe-575	259	10	if	if	SCONJ
aijbe-575	259	11	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	259	12	value	value	NOUN
aijbe-575	259	13	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	259	14	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	259	15	p	p	NOUN
aijbe-575	259	16	-	-	PUNCT
aijbe-575	259	17	value	value	NOUN
aijbe-575	259	18	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	259	19	chi	chi	NOUN
aijbe-575	259	20	-	-	PUNCT
aijbe-575	259	21	square	square	NOUN
aijbe-575	259	22	<	<	NOUN
aijbe-575	259	23	0.05	0.05	NUM
aijbe-575	259	24	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	259	25	we	we	PRON
aijbe-575	259	26	reject	reject	VERB
aijbe-575	259	27	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	259	28	null	null	ADJ
aijbe-575	259	29	hypothesis	hypothesis	NOUN
aijbe-575	259	30	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	260	1	we	we	PRON
aijbe-575	260	2	fail	fail	VERB
aijbe-575	260	3	to	to	PART
aijbe-575	260	4	reject	reject	VERB
aijbe-575	260	5	if	if	SCONJ
aijbe-575	260	6	otherwise	otherwise	ADV
aijbe-575	260	7	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	261	1	breusch	breusch	PROPN
aijbe-575	261	2	-	-	PUNCT
aijbe-575	261	3	godfrey	godfrey	NOUN
aijbe-575	261	4	serial	serial	ADJ
aijbe-575	261	5	correlation	correlation	NOUN
aijbe-575	261	6	lm	lm	INTJ
aijbe-575	261	7	test	test	NOUN
aijbe-575	261	8	:	:	PUNCT
aijbe-575	262	1	f	f	X
aijbe-575	262	2	-	-	PUNCT
aijbe-575	262	3	statistic	statistic	ADJ
aijbe-575	262	4	35.54655	35.54655	NUM
aijbe-575	262	5	prob	prob	NOUN
aijbe-575	262	6	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	263	1	f(2,27	f(2,27	PROPN
aijbe-575	263	2	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	263	3	0.0000	0.0000	NUM
aijbe-575	263	4	obs*r	obs*r	VERB
aijbe-575	263	5	-	-	PUNCT
aijbe-575	263	6	squared	square	VERB
aijbe-575	263	7	24.64154	24.64154	NUM
aijbe-575	263	8	prob	prob	NOUN
aijbe-575	263	9	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	264	1	chi	chi	ADJ
aijbe-575	264	2	-	-	PUNCT
aijbe-575	264	3	square(2	square(2	PROPN
aijbe-575	264	4	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	264	5	0.0000	0.0000	NUM
aijbe-575	264	6	source	source	NOUN
aijbe-575	264	7	:	:	PUNCT
aijbe-575	264	8	e	e	NOUN
aijbe-575	264	9	-	-	NOUN
aijbe-575	264	10	views	view	NOUN
aijbe-575	264	11	9	9	NUM
aijbe-575	264	12	software	software	NOUN
aijbe-575	264	13	since	since	SCONJ
aijbe-575	264	14	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	264	15	probability	probability	NOUN
aijbe-575	264	16	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	264	17	chi	chi	NOUN
aijbe-575	264	18	-	-	PUNCT
aijbe-575	264	19	square	square	NOUN
aijbe-575	264	20	is	be	AUX
aijbe-575	264	21	0.0000	0.0000	NUM
aijbe-575	264	22	which	which	PRON
aijbe-575	264	23	is	be	AUX
aijbe-575	264	24	less	less	ADJ
aijbe-575	264	25	than	than	ADP
aijbe-575	264	26	0.05	0.05	NUM
aijbe-575	265	1	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	265	2	we	we	PRON
aijbe-575	265	3	reject	reject	VERB
aijbe-575	265	4	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	265	5	null	null	ADJ
aijbe-575	265	6	hypothesis	hypothesis	NOUN
aijbe-575	265	7	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	265	8	conclude	conclude	VERB
aijbe-575	265	9	that	that	SCONJ
aijbe-575	265	10	there	there	PRON
aijbe-575	265	11	is	be	VERB
aijbe-575	265	12	autocorrelation	autocorrelation	NOUN
aijbe-575	265	13	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	265	14	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	265	15	model	model	NOUN
aijbe-575	265	16	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	266	1	this	this	DET
aijbe-575	266	2	presence	presence	NOUN
aijbe-575	266	3	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	266	4	autocorrelation	autocorrelation	NOUN
aijbe-575	266	5	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	266	6	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	266	7	model	model	NOUN
aijbe-575	266	8	means	mean	VERB
aijbe-575	266	9	that	that	SCONJ
aijbe-575	266	10	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	266	11	standard	standard	ADJ
aijbe-575	266	12	errors	error	NOUN
aijbe-575	266	13	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	266	14	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	266	15	estimation	estimation	NOUN
aijbe-575	266	16	may	may	AUX
aijbe-575	266	17	be	be	AUX
aijbe-575	266	18	bloated	bloated	ADJ
aijbe-575	266	19	due	due	ADP
aijbe-575	266	20	to	to	ADP
aijbe-575	266	21	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	266	22	serial	serial	ADJ
aijbe-575	266	23	correlation	correlation	NOUN
aijbe-575	266	24	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	266	25	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	266	26	error	error	NOUN
aijbe-575	266	27	term	term	NOUN
aijbe-575	266	28	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	267	1	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	267	2	order	order	NOUN
aijbe-575	267	3	to	to	PART
aijbe-575	267	4	correct	correct	VERB
aijbe-575	267	5	this	this	PRON
aijbe-575	267	6	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	267	7	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	267	8	newey	newey	PROPN
aijbe-575	267	9	-	-	PUNCT
aijbe-575	267	10	west	west	PROPN
aijbe-575	267	11	hac	hac	PROPN
aijbe-575	267	12	method	method	NOUN
aijbe-575	267	13	was	be	AUX
aijbe-575	267	14	employed	employ	VERB
aijbe-575	267	15	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	267	16	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	267	17	regression	regression	NOUN
aijbe-575	267	18	estimation	estimation	NOUN
aijbe-575	267	19	process	process	NOUN
aijbe-575	267	20	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	268	1	evaluation	evaluation	NOUN
aijbe-575	268	2	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	268	3	research	research	NOUN
aijbe-575	268	4	hypotheses	hypothese	VERB
aijbe-575	268	5	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	268	6	research	research	NOUN
aijbe-575	268	7	hypothesis	hypothesis	NOUN
aijbe-575	268	8	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	268	9	this	this	DET
aijbe-575	268	10	study	study	NOUN
aijbe-575	268	11	is	be	AUX
aijbe-575	268	12	evaluated	evaluate	VERB
aijbe-575	268	13	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	268	14	this	this	DET
aijbe-575	268	15	section	section	NOUN
aijbe-575	268	16	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	269	1	as	as	ADP
aijbe-575	269	2	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	269	3	reminder	reminder	NOUN
aijbe-575	269	4	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	269	5	our	our	PRON
aijbe-575	269	6	stated	state	VERB
aijbe-575	269	7	hypothesis	hypothesis	NOUN
aijbe-575	269	8	includes	include	VERB
aijbe-575	269	9	;	;	PUNCT
aijbe-575	269	10	h01	h01	NOUN
aijbe-575	269	11	:	:	PUNCT
aijbe-575	269	12	there	there	PRON
aijbe-575	269	13	is	be	VERB
aijbe-575	269	14	no	no	DET
aijbe-575	269	15	existing	exist	VERB
aijbe-575	269	16	long	long	ADJ
aijbe-575	269	17	-	-	PUNCT
aijbe-575	269	18	run	run	NOUN
aijbe-575	269	19	relationship	relationship	NOUN
aijbe-575	269	20	between	between	ADP
aijbe-575	269	21	protectionist	protectionist	ADJ
aijbe-575	269	22	policies	policy	NOUN
aijbe-575	269	23	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	269	24	economic	economic	ADJ
aijbe-575	269	25	development	development	NOUN
aijbe-575	269	26	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	269	27	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
aijbe-575	269	28	h02	h02	PROPN
aijbe-575	269	29	:	:	PUNCT
aijbe-575	269	30	there	there	PRON
aijbe-575	269	31	is	be	VERB
aijbe-575	269	32	no	no	DET
aijbe-575	269	33	significant	significant	ADJ
aijbe-575	269	34	effect	effect	NOUN
aijbe-575	269	35	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	269	36	trade	trade	NOUN
aijbe-575	269	37	openness	openness	NOUN
aijbe-575	269	38	on	on	ADP
aijbe-575	269	39	economic	economic	ADJ
aijbe-575	269	40	development	development	NOUN
aijbe-575	269	41	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	269	42	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
aijbe-575	269	43	h03	h03	NOUN
aijbe-575	269	44	:	:	PUNCT
aijbe-575	269	45	there	there	PRON
aijbe-575	269	46	is	be	VERB
aijbe-575	269	47	no	no	DET
aijbe-575	269	48	significant	significant	ADJ
aijbe-575	269	49	effects	effect	NOUN
aijbe-575	269	50	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	269	51	import	import	NOUN
aijbe-575	269	52	tariffs	tariff	NOUN
aijbe-575	269	53	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	269	54	exchange	exchange	NOUN
aijbe-575	269	55	rate	rate	NOUN
aijbe-575	269	56	on	on	ADP
aijbe-575	269	57	economic	economic	ADJ
aijbe-575	269	58	development	development	NOUN
aijbe-575	269	59	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	269	60	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
aijbe-575	269	61	hypothesis	hypothesis	NOUN
aijbe-575	269	62	one	one	NUM
aijbe-575	269	63	states	state	VERB
aijbe-575	269	64	that	that	SCONJ
aijbe-575	269	65	there	there	PRON
aijbe-575	269	66	is	be	VERB
aijbe-575	269	67	no	no	DET
aijbe-575	269	68	existing	exist	VERB
aijbe-575	269	69	long	long	ADJ
aijbe-575	269	70	run	run	NOUN
aijbe-575	269	71	relationship	relationship	NOUN
aijbe-575	269	72	between	between	ADP
aijbe-575	269	73	protectionist	protectionist	ADJ
aijbe-575	269	74	policies	policy	NOUN
aijbe-575	269	75	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	269	76	economic	economic	ADJ
aijbe-575	269	77	development	development	NOUN
aijbe-575	269	78	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	269	79	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
aijbe-575	269	80	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	270	1	however	however	ADV
aijbe-575	270	2	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	270	3	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	270	4	johansen	johansen	PROPN
aijbe-575	270	5	cointegration	cointegration	NOUN
aijbe-575	270	6	tests	test	NOUN
aijbe-575	270	7	conducted	conduct	VERB
aijbe-575	270	8	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	270	9	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	270	10	study	study	NOUN
aijbe-575	270	11	highlighted	highlight	VERB
aijbe-575	270	12	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	270	13	presence	presence	NOUN
aijbe-575	270	14	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	270	15	two	two	NUM
aijbe-575	270	16	cointegrating	cointegrate	VERB
aijbe-575	270	17	equations	equation	NOUN
aijbe-575	270	18	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	270	19	indicating	indicate	VERB
aijbe-575	270	20	that	that	SCONJ
aijbe-575	270	21	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	270	22	long	long	ADV
aijbe-575	270	23	-	-	PUNCT
aijbe-575	270	24	run	run	NOUN
aijbe-575	270	25	relationship	relationship	NOUN
aijbe-575	270	26	exists	exist	VERB
aijbe-575	270	27	between	between	ADP
aijbe-575	270	28	protectionist	protectionist	ADJ
aijbe-575	270	29	policies	policy	NOUN
aijbe-575	270	30	such	such	ADJ
aijbe-575	270	31	as	as	ADP
aijbe-575	270	32	import	import	NOUN
aijbe-575	270	33	tariffs	tariff	NOUN
aijbe-575	270	34	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	270	35	exchange	exchange	NOUN
aijbe-575	270	36	rate	rate	NOUN
aijbe-575	270	37	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	270	38	trade	trade	NOUN
aijbe-575	270	39	openness	openness	NOUN
aijbe-575	270	40	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	270	41	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	270	42	economic	economic	ADJ
aijbe-575	270	43	development	development	NOUN
aijbe-575	270	44	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	270	45	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
aijbe-575	270	46	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	271	1	hypotheses	hypothese	VERB
aijbe-575	271	2	two	two	NUM
aijbe-575	271	3	state	state	NOUN
aijbe-575	271	4	that	that	SCONJ
aijbe-575	271	5	there	there	PRON
aijbe-575	271	6	is	be	VERB
aijbe-575	271	7	no	no	DET
aijbe-575	271	8	significant	significant	ADJ
aijbe-575	271	9	effect	effect	NOUN
aijbe-575	271	10	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	271	11	trade	trade	NOUN
aijbe-575	271	12	openness	openness	NOUN
aijbe-575	271	13	on	on	ADP
aijbe-575	271	14	economic	economic	ADJ
aijbe-575	271	15	development	development	NOUN
aijbe-575	271	16	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	271	17	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
aijbe-575	271	18	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	272	1	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	272	2	regression	regression	NOUN
aijbe-575	272	3	analysis	analysis	NOUN
aijbe-575	272	4	reveals	reveal	VERB
aijbe-575	272	5	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	272	6	p	p	NOUN
aijbe-575	272	7	-	-	PUNCT
aijbe-575	272	8	value	value	NOUN
aijbe-575	272	9	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	272	10	0.1532	0.1532	NUM
aijbe-575	272	11	for	for	ADP
aijbe-575	272	12	trade	trade	NOUN
aijbe-575	272	13	openness	openness	NOUN
aijbe-575	272	14	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	272	15	(	(	PUNCT
aijbe-575	272	16	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	272	17	proxy	proxy	NOUN
aijbe-575	272	18	for	for	ADP
aijbe-575	272	19	protectionist	protectionist	ADJ
aijbe-575	272	20	policies	policy	NOUN
aijbe-575	272	21	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	272	22	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	272	23	which	which	PRON
aijbe-575	272	24	is	be	AUX
aijbe-575	272	25	greater	great	ADJ
aijbe-575	272	26	than	than	ADP
aijbe-575	272	27	0.05	0.05	NUM
aijbe-575	272	28	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	273	1	this	this	PRON
aijbe-575	273	2	means	mean	VERB
aijbe-575	273	3	that	that	SCONJ
aijbe-575	273	4	trade	trade	NOUN
aijbe-575	273	5	openness	openness	NOUN
aijbe-575	273	6	has	have	VERB
aijbe-575	273	7	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	273	8	positive	positive	ADJ
aijbe-575	273	9	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	273	10	insignificant	insignificant	ADJ
aijbe-575	273	11	effect	effect	NOUN
aijbe-575	273	12	on	on	ADP
aijbe-575	273	13	economic	economic	ADJ
aijbe-575	273	14	development	development	NOUN
aijbe-575	273	15	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	273	16	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
aijbe-575	273	17	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	274	1	hypothesis	hypothesis	NOUN
aijbe-575	274	2	three	three	NUM
aijbe-575	274	3	states	state	NOUN
aijbe-575	274	4	that	that	SCONJ
aijbe-575	274	5	there	there	PRON
aijbe-575	274	6	are	be	VERB
aijbe-575	274	7	no	no	DET
aijbe-575	274	8	significant	significant	ADJ
aijbe-575	274	9	effects	effect	NOUN
aijbe-575	274	10	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	274	11	import	import	NOUN
aijbe-575	274	12	tariffs	tariff	NOUN
aijbe-575	274	13	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	274	14	exchange	exchange	NOUN
aijbe-575	274	15	rates	rate	NOUN
aijbe-575	274	16	on	on	ADP
aijbe-575	274	17	economic	economic	ADJ
aijbe-575	274	18	development	development	NOUN
aijbe-575	274	19	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	274	20	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
aijbe-575	274	21	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	275	1	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	275	2	regression	regression	NOUN
aijbe-575	275	3	analysis	analysis	NOUN
aijbe-575	275	4	reveals	reveal	VERB
aijbe-575	275	5	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	275	6	p	p	NOUN
aijbe-575	275	7	-	-	PUNCT
aijbe-575	275	8	value	value	NOUN
aijbe-575	275	9	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	275	10	0.8427	0.8427	NUM
aijbe-575	275	11	for	for	ADP
aijbe-575	275	12	import	import	NOUN
aijbe-575	275	13	tariffs	tariff	NOUN
aijbe-575	275	14	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	275	15	which	which	PRON
aijbe-575	275	16	is	be	AUX
aijbe-575	275	17	greater	great	ADJ
aijbe-575	275	18	than	than	ADP
aijbe-575	275	19	0.05	0.05	NUM
aijbe-575	275	20	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	275	21	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	275	22	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	275	23	p	p	NOUN
aijbe-575	275	24	-	-	PUNCT
aijbe-575	275	25	value	value	NOUN
aijbe-575	275	26	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	275	27	0.0000	0.0000	NUM
aijbe-575	275	28	for	for	ADP
aijbe-575	275	29	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	275	30	exchange	exchange	NOUN
aijbe-575	275	31	rate	rate	NOUN
aijbe-575	275	32	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	275	33	(	(	PUNCT
aijbe-575	275	34	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	275	35	proxy	proxy	NOUN
aijbe-575	275	36	for	for	ADP
aijbe-575	275	37	protectionist	protectionist	ADJ
aijbe-575	275	38	policies	policy	NOUN
aijbe-575	275	39	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	275	40	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	275	41	which	which	PRON
aijbe-575	275	42	is	be	AUX
aijbe-575	275	43	lesser	less	ADJ
aijbe-575	275	44	than	than	ADP
aijbe-575	275	45	0.05	0.05	NUM
aijbe-575	275	46	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	276	1	this	this	PRON
aijbe-575	276	2	means	mean	VERB
aijbe-575	276	3	that	that	SCONJ
aijbe-575	276	4	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	276	5	exchange	exchange	NOUN
aijbe-575	276	6	rate	rate	NOUN
aijbe-575	276	7	has	have	VERB
aijbe-575	276	8	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	276	9	positive	positive	ADJ
aijbe-575	276	10	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	276	11	significant	significant	ADJ
aijbe-575	276	12	effect	effect	NOUN
aijbe-575	276	13	on	on	ADP
aijbe-575	276	14	economic	economic	ADJ
aijbe-575	276	15	development	development	NOUN
aijbe-575	276	16	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	276	17	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
aijbe-575	276	18	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	276	19	while	while	SCONJ
aijbe-575	276	20	import	import	NOUN
aijbe-575	276	21	tariffs	tariff	NOUN
aijbe-575	276	22	have	have	VERB
aijbe-575	276	23	an	an	DET
aijbe-575	276	24	insignificant	insignificant	ADJ
aijbe-575	276	25	negative	negative	ADJ
aijbe-575	276	26	effect	effect	NOUN
aijbe-575	276	27	on	on	ADP
aijbe-575	276	28	economic	economic	ADJ
aijbe-575	276	29	development	development	NOUN
aijbe-575	276	30	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	277	1	conclusion	conclusion	VERB
aijbe-575	277	2	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	277	3	results	result	NOUN
aijbe-575	277	4	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	277	5	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	277	6	ordinary	ordinary	ADJ
aijbe-575	277	7	least	least	ADJ
aijbe-575	277	8	squares	square	NOUN
aijbe-575	277	9	indicate	indicate	VERB
aijbe-575	277	10	that	that	SCONJ
aijbe-575	277	11	protectionist	protectionist	ADJ
aijbe-575	277	12	policies	policy	NOUN
aijbe-575	277	13	have	have	VERB
aijbe-575	277	14	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	277	15	mixture	mixture	NOUN
aijbe-575	277	16	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	277	17	significant	significant	ADJ
aijbe-575	277	18	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	277	19	insignificant	insignificant	ADJ
aijbe-575	277	20	effects	effect	NOUN
aijbe-575	277	21	on	on	ADP
aijbe-575	277	22	gross	gross	ADJ
aijbe-575	277	23	domestic	domestic	ADJ
aijbe-575	277	24	product	product	NOUN
aijbe-575	277	25	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	278	1	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	278	2	protectionist	protectionist	ADJ
aijbe-575	278	3	variables	variable	NOUN
aijbe-575	278	4	used	use	VERB
aijbe-575	278	5	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	278	6	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	278	7	study	study	NOUN
aijbe-575	278	8	include	include	VERB
aijbe-575	278	9	import	import	NOUN
aijbe-575	278	10	tariffs	tariff	NOUN
aijbe-575	278	11	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	278	12	exchange	exchange	NOUN
aijbe-575	278	13	rates	rate	NOUN
aijbe-575	278	14	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	278	15	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	278	16	trade	trade	NOUN
aijbe-575	278	17	openness	openness	NOUN
aijbe-575	278	18	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	279	1	recommendations	recommendation	NOUN
aijbe-575	279	2	these	these	DET
aijbe-575	279	3	recommendations	recommendation	NOUN
aijbe-575	279	4	bellowed	bellow	VERB
aijbe-575	279	5	are	be	AUX
aijbe-575	279	6	very	very	ADV
aijbe-575	279	7	important	important	ADJ
aijbe-575	279	8	because	because	SCONJ
aijbe-575	279	9	they	they	PRON
aijbe-575	279	10	will	will	AUX
aijbe-575	279	11	create	create	VERB
aijbe-575	279	12	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	279	13	net	net	ADJ
aijbe-575	279	14	positive	positive	ADJ
aijbe-575	279	15	impact	impact	NOUN
aijbe-575	279	16	on	on	ADP
aijbe-575	279	17	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	279	18	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
aijbe-575	279	19	economy	economy	NOUN
aijbe-575	279	20	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	280	1	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	280	2	government	government	NOUN
aijbe-575	280	3	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	280	4	all	all	DET
aijbe-575	280	5	concerned	concerned	ADJ
aijbe-575	280	6	parties	party	NOUN
aijbe-575	280	7	are	be	AUX
aijbe-575	280	8	advised	advise	VERB
aijbe-575	280	9	to	to	PART
aijbe-575	280	10	heed	heed	VERB
aijbe-575	280	11	these	these	DET
aijbe-575	280	12	recommendations	recommendation	NOUN
aijbe-575	280	13	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	281	1	autarky	autarky	NOUN
aijbe-575	281	2	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	281	3	or	or	CCONJ
aijbe-575	281	4	government	government	NOUN
aijbe-575	281	5	policies	policy	NOUN
aijbe-575	281	6	aimed	aim	VERB
aijbe-575	281	7	at	at	ADP
aijbe-575	281	8	stifling	stifle	VERB
aijbe-575	281	9	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	281	10	free	free	ADJ
aijbe-575	281	11	flow	flow	NOUN
aijbe-575	281	12	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	281	13	goods	good	NOUN
aijbe-575	281	14	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	281	15	services	service	NOUN
aijbe-575	281	16	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	281	17	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	281	18	out	out	ADP
aijbe-575	281	19	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	281	20	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	281	21	country	country	NOUN
aijbe-575	281	22	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	281	23	have	have	AUX
aijbe-575	281	24	over	over	ADP
aijbe-575	281	25	time	time	NOUN
aijbe-575	281	26	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	281	27	been	be	AUX
aijbe-575	281	28	found	find	VERB
aijbe-575	281	29	to	to	PART
aijbe-575	281	30	negatively	negatively	ADV
aijbe-575	281	31	hinder	hinder	VERB
aijbe-575	281	32	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	281	33	economic	economic	ADJ
aijbe-575	281	34	activities	activity	NOUN
aijbe-575	281	35	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	281	36	such	such	ADJ
aijbe-575	281	37	nations	nation	NOUN
aijbe-575	281	38	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	282	1	they	they	PRON
aijbe-575	282	2	are	be	AUX
aijbe-575	282	3	unable	unable	ADJ
aijbe-575	282	4	to	to	PART
aijbe-575	282	5	make	make	VERB
aijbe-575	282	6	use	use	NOUN
aijbe-575	282	7	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	282	8	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	282	9	various	various	ADJ
aijbe-575	282	10	comparative	comparative	ADJ
aijbe-575	282	11	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	282	12	absolute	absolute	ADJ
aijbe-575	282	13	advantages	advantage	NOUN
aijbe-575	282	14	available	available	ADJ
aijbe-575	282	15	due	due	ADP
aijbe-575	282	16	to	to	ADP
aijbe-575	282	17	such	such	DET
aijbe-575	282	18	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	282	19	situation	situation	NOUN
aijbe-575	282	20	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	283	1	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	283	2	nation	nation	NOUN
aijbe-575	283	3	prospers	prosper	VERB
aijbe-575	283	4	because	because	SCONJ
aijbe-575	283	5	it	it	PRON
aijbe-575	283	6	modifies	modify	VERB
aijbe-575	283	7	its	its	PRON
aijbe-575	283	8	activities	activity	NOUN
aijbe-575	283	9	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	283	10	by	by	ADP
aijbe-575	283	11	adapting	adapt	VERB
aijbe-575	283	12	to	to	ADP
aijbe-575	283	13	high	high	ADV
aijbe-575	283	14	-	-	PUNCT
aijbe-575	283	15	yielding	yield	VERB
aijbe-575	283	16	economic	economic	ADJ
aijbe-575	283	17	practices	practice	NOUN
aijbe-575	283	18	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	283	19	which	which	PRON
aijbe-575	283	20	is	be	AUX
aijbe-575	283	21	hardly	hardly	ADV
aijbe-575	283	22	possible	possible	ADJ
aijbe-575	283	23	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	283	24	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	283	25	protectionist	protectionist	ADJ
aijbe-575	283	26	regime	regime	NOUN
aijbe-575	283	27	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	284	1	balogun	balogun	VERB
aijbe-575	284	2	david	david	PROPN
aijbe-575	284	3	ibukun	ibukun	PROPN
aijbe-575	284	4	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	284	5	prof	prof	NOUN
aijbe-575	284	6	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	285	1	okechukwu	okechukwu	PROPN
aijbe-575	285	2	e.	e.	PROPN
aijbe-575	285	3	u.	u.	PROPN
aijbe-575	285	4	(	(	PUNCT
aijbe-575	285	5	2023	2023	NUM
aijbe-575	285	6	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	285	7	11	11	NUM
aijbe-575	285	8	american	american	ADJ
aijbe-575	285	9	interdisciplinary	interdisciplinary	ADJ
aijbe-575	285	10	journal	journal	NOUN
aijbe-575	285	11	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	285	12	business	business	NOUN
aijbe-575	285	13	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	285	14	economics	economic	NOUN
aijbe-575	285	15	|	|	ADV
aijbe-575	285	16	https://sadijournals.org/index.php/aijbe	https://sadijournals.org/index.php/aijbe	VERB
aijbe-575	285	17	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	285	18	study	study	NOUN
aijbe-575	285	19	recommends	recommend	VERB
aijbe-575	285	20	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	285	21	following	following	NOUN
aijbe-575	285	22	;	;	PUNCT
aijbe-575	285	23	i.	i.	NOUN
aijbe-575	285	24	there	there	PRON
aijbe-575	285	25	should	should	AUX
aijbe-575	285	26	be	be	AUX
aijbe-575	285	27	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	285	28	deliberate	deliberate	ADJ
aijbe-575	285	29	effort	effort	NOUN
aijbe-575	285	30	on	on	ADP
aijbe-575	285	31	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	285	32	part	part	NOUN
aijbe-575	285	33	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	285	34	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	285	35	government	government	NOUN
aijbe-575	285	36	to	to	PART
aijbe-575	285	37	make	make	VERB
aijbe-575	285	38	policies	policy	NOUN
aijbe-575	285	39	that	that	PRON
aijbe-575	285	40	will	will	AUX
aijbe-575	285	41	favour	favour	VERB
aijbe-575	285	42	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	285	43	exportation	exportation	NOUN
aijbe-575	285	44	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	285	45	products	product	NOUN
aijbe-575	285	46	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	286	1	this	this	PRON
aijbe-575	286	2	is	be	AUX
aijbe-575	286	3	because	because	SCONJ
aijbe-575	286	4	doing	do	VERB
aijbe-575	286	5	such	such	ADJ
aijbe-575	286	6	means	mean	NOUN
aijbe-575	286	7	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	286	8	high	high	ADJ
aijbe-575	286	9	trade	trade	NOUN
aijbe-575	286	10	openness	openness	NOUN
aijbe-575	286	11	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	286	12	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	286	13	will	will	AUX
aijbe-575	286	14	have	have	VERB
aijbe-575	286	15	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	286	16	positive	positive	ADJ
aijbe-575	286	17	effect	effect	NOUN
aijbe-575	286	18	on	on	ADP
aijbe-575	286	19	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	286	20	economic	economic	ADJ
aijbe-575	286	21	development	development	NOUN
aijbe-575	286	22	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	286	23	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	286	24	country	country	NOUN
aijbe-575	286	25	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	286	26	with	with	SCONJ
aijbe-575	286	27	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	286	28	market	market	NOUN
aijbe-575	286	29	for	for	ADP
aijbe-575	286	30	local	local	ADJ
aijbe-575	286	31	goods	good	NOUN
aijbe-575	286	32	being	be	AUX
aijbe-575	286	33	expanded	expand	VERB
aijbe-575	286	34	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	286	35	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	286	36	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	286	37	pool	pool	NOUN
aijbe-575	286	38	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	286	39	natural	natural	ADJ
aijbe-575	286	40	resources	resource	NOUN
aijbe-575	286	41	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	286	42	human	human	ADJ
aijbe-575	286	43	resources	resource	NOUN
aijbe-575	286	44	widened	widen	VERB
aijbe-575	286	45	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	287	1	ii	ii	X
aijbe-575	287	2	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	288	1	also	also	ADV
aijbe-575	288	2	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	288	3	import	import	NOUN
aijbe-575	288	4	tariffs	tariff	NOUN
aijbe-575	288	5	are	be	AUX
aijbe-575	288	6	used	use	VERB
aijbe-575	288	7	by	by	ADP
aijbe-575	288	8	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	288	9	government	government	NOUN
aijbe-575	288	10	to	to	PART
aijbe-575	288	11	control	control	VERB
aijbe-575	288	12	imports	import	NOUN
aijbe-575	288	13	into	into	ADP
aijbe-575	288	14	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	288	15	country	country	NOUN
aijbe-575	288	16	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	288	17	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	288	18	also	also	ADV
aijbe-575	288	19	as	as	ADP
aijbe-575	288	20	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	288	21	source	source	NOUN
aijbe-575	288	22	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	288	23	revenue	revenue	NOUN
aijbe-575	288	24	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	289	1	given	give	VERB
aijbe-575	289	2	that	that	SCONJ
aijbe-575	289	3	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	289	4	study	study	NOUN
aijbe-575	289	5	found	find	VERB
aijbe-575	289	6	import	import	NOUN
aijbe-575	289	7	tariffs	tariff	NOUN
aijbe-575	289	8	to	to	PART
aijbe-575	289	9	have	have	VERB
aijbe-575	289	10	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	289	11	negative	negative	ADJ
aijbe-575	289	12	effect	effect	NOUN
aijbe-575	289	13	on	on	ADP
aijbe-575	289	14	economic	economic	ADJ
aijbe-575	289	15	development	development	NOUN
aijbe-575	289	16	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	289	17	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	289	18	study	study	NOUN
aijbe-575	289	19	recommends	recommend	VERB
aijbe-575	289	20	that	that	SCONJ
aijbe-575	289	21	government	government	NOUN
aijbe-575	289	22	reduces	reduce	VERB
aijbe-575	289	23	its	its	PRON
aijbe-575	289	24	import	import	NOUN
aijbe-575	289	25	tariffs	tariff	NOUN
aijbe-575	289	26	so	so	SCONJ
aijbe-575	289	27	as	as	SCONJ
aijbe-575	289	28	to	to	PART
aijbe-575	289	29	help	help	VERB
aijbe-575	289	30	boost	boost	VERB
aijbe-575	289	31	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	289	32	overall	overall	ADJ
aijbe-575	289	33	economic	economic	ADJ
aijbe-575	289	34	output	output	NOUN
aijbe-575	289	35	within	within	ADP
aijbe-575	289	36	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	289	37	country	country	NOUN
aijbe-575	289	38	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	290	1	iii	iii	X
aijbe-575	290	2	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	291	1	furthermore	furthermore	ADV
aijbe-575	291	2	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	291	3	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	291	4	study	study	NOUN
aijbe-575	291	5	found	find	VERB
aijbe-575	291	6	exchange	exchange	NOUN
aijbe-575	291	7	rates	rate	NOUN
aijbe-575	291	8	to	to	ADP
aijbe-575	291	9	positive	positive	ADJ
aijbe-575	291	10	impact	impact	NOUN
aijbe-575	291	11	on	on	ADP
aijbe-575	291	12	economic	economic	ADJ
aijbe-575	291	13	development	development	NOUN
aijbe-575	291	14	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	292	1	therefore	therefore	ADV
aijbe-575	292	2	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	292	3	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	292	4	study	study	NOUN
aijbe-575	292	5	recommends	recommend	VERB
aijbe-575	292	6	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	292	7	strong	strong	ADJ
aijbe-575	292	8	exchange	exchange	NOUN
aijbe-575	292	9	rate	rate	NOUN
aijbe-575	292	10	regime	regime	NOUN
aijbe-575	292	11	that	that	PRON
aijbe-575	292	12	will	will	AUX
aijbe-575	292	13	help	help	VERB
aijbe-575	292	14	local	local	ADJ
aijbe-575	292	15	companies	company	NOUN
aijbe-575	292	16	to	to	PART
aijbe-575	292	17	compete	compete	VERB
aijbe-575	292	18	with	with	ADP
aijbe-575	292	19	their	their	PRON
aijbe-575	292	20	global	global	ADJ
aijbe-575	292	21	counterparts	counterpart	NOUN
aijbe-575	292	22	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	293	1	also	also	ADV
aijbe-575	293	2	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	293	3	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	293	4	exchange	exchange	NOUN
aijbe-575	293	5	rate	rate	NOUN
aijbe-575	293	6	will	will	AUX
aijbe-575	293	7	help	help	VERB
aijbe-575	293	8	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	293	9	country	country	NOUN
aijbe-575	293	10	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	293	11	building	build	VERB
aijbe-575	293	12	its	its	PRON
aijbe-575	293	13	foreign	foreign	ADJ
aijbe-575	293	14	reserves	reserve	NOUN
aijbe-575	293	15	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	294	1	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	294	2	inflation	inflation	NOUN
aijbe-575	294	3	rate	rate	NOUN
aijbe-575	294	4	has	have	VERB
aijbe-575	294	5	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	294	6	negative	negative	ADJ
aijbe-575	294	7	effect	effect	NOUN
aijbe-575	294	8	on	on	ADP
aijbe-575	294	9	economic	economic	ADJ
aijbe-575	294	10	growth	growth	NOUN
aijbe-575	294	11	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	294	12	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	294	13	rightly	rightly	ADV
aijbe-575	294	14	so	so	ADV
aijbe-575	294	15	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	294	16	as	as	SCONJ
aijbe-575	294	17	inflation	inflation	NOUN
aijbe-575	294	18	increases	increase	VERB
aijbe-575	294	19	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	294	20	cost	cost	NOUN
aijbe-575	294	21	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	294	22	production	production	NOUN
aijbe-575	294	23	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	294	24	business	business	NOUN
aijbe-575	294	25	organizations	organization	NOUN
aijbe-575	294	26	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	295	1	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	295	2	government	government	NOUN
aijbe-575	295	3	is	be	AUX
aijbe-575	295	4	advised	advise	VERB
aijbe-575	295	5	to	to	PART
aijbe-575	295	6	apply	apply	VERB
aijbe-575	295	7	all	all	DET
aijbe-575	295	8	necessary	necessary	ADJ
aijbe-575	295	9	measures	measure	NOUN
aijbe-575	295	10	to	to	PART
aijbe-575	295	11	check	check	VERB
aijbe-575	295	12	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	295	13	rate	rate	NOUN
aijbe-575	295	14	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	295	15	inflation	inflation	NOUN
aijbe-575	295	16	increase	increase	NOUN
aijbe-575	295	17	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	295	18	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	295	19	country	country	NOUN
aijbe-575	295	20	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	296	1	references	reference	NOUN
aijbe-575	296	2	frederick	frederick	PROPN
aijbe-575	296	3	odo	odo	PROPN
aijbe-575	296	4	eze	eze	PROPN
aijbe-575	296	5	ph.d	ph.d	PROPN
aijbe-575	296	6	.	.	PROPN
aijbe-575	297	1	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	297	2	elizabeth	elizabeth	PROPN
aijbe-575	297	3	uzoamaka	uzoamaka	PROPN
aijbe-575	297	4	okechukwu	okechukwu	PROPN
aijbe-575	297	5	ph.d	ph.d	PROPN
aijbe-575	297	6	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	298	1	(	(	PUNCT
aijbe-575	298	2	2022	2022	NUM
aijbe-575	298	3	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	298	4	handbook	handbook	NOUN
aijbe-575	298	5	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	298	6	research	research	NOUN
aijbe-575	298	7	methodology	methodology	NOUN
aijbe-575	298	8	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	298	9	step	step	NOUN
aijbe-575	298	10	-	-	PUNCT
aijbe-575	298	11	by	by	ADP
aijbe-575	298	12	-	-	PUNCT
aijbe-575	298	13	step	step	NOUN
aijbe-575	298	14	guide	guide	NOUN
aijbe-575	298	15	for	for	ADP
aijbe-575	298	16	researchers	researcher	NOUN
aijbe-575	298	17	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	299	1	abegunde	abegunde	PROPN
aijbe-575	299	2	o	o	PROPN
aijbe-575	299	3	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	299	4	fabiyi	fabiyi	VERB
aijbe-575	299	5	r	r	NOUN
aijbe-575	299	6	(	(	PUNCT
aijbe-575	299	7	2020	2020	NUM
aijbe-575	299	8	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	299	9	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
aijbe-575	299	10	-	-	PUNCT
aijbe-575	299	11	benin	benin	PROPN
aijbe-575	299	12	border	border	NOUN
aijbe-575	299	13	closure	closure	NOUN
aijbe-575	299	14	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	299	15	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	299	16	implication	implication	NOUN
aijbe-575	299	17	for	for	ADP
aijbe-575	299	18	economic	economic	ADJ
aijbe-575	299	19	development	development	NOUN
aijbe-575	299	20	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	299	21	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
aijbe-575	299	22	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	300	1	j	j	PROPN
aijbe-575	300	2	hum	hum	PROPN
aijbe-575	300	3	social	social	PROPN
aijbe-575	300	4	sci	sci	PROPN
aijbe-575	300	5	stud	stud	PROPN
aijbe-575	300	6	2:56	2:56	NUM
aijbe-575	300	7	abegunde	abegunde	NOUN
aijbe-575	300	8	o	o	PROPN
aijbe-575	300	9	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	300	10	fabiyi	fabiyi	VERB
aijbe-575	300	11	r	r	NOUN
aijbe-575	300	12	(	(	PUNCT
aijbe-575	300	13	2020	2020	NUM
aijbe-575	300	14	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	300	15	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
aijbe-575	300	16	-	-	PUNCT
aijbe-575	300	17	benin	benin	PROPN
aijbe-575	300	18	border	border	NOUN
aijbe-575	300	19	closure	closure	NOUN
aijbe-575	300	20	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	300	21	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	300	22	implication	implication	NOUN
aijbe-575	300	23	for	for	ADP
aijbe-575	300	24	economic	economic	ADJ
aijbe-575	300	25	development	development	NOUN
aijbe-575	300	26	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	300	27	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
aijbe-575	300	28	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	301	1	j	j	PROPN
aijbe-575	301	2	hum	hum	PROPN
aijbe-575	301	3	social	social	PROPN
aijbe-575	301	4	sci	sci	PROPN
aijbe-575	301	5	stud	stud	PROPN
aijbe-575	301	6	2:56	2:56	NUM
aijbe-575	301	7	abegunde	abegunde	NOUN
aijbe-575	301	8	o	o	PROPN
aijbe-575	301	9	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	301	10	fabiyi	fabiyi	VERB
aijbe-575	301	11	r	r	NOUN
aijbe-575	301	12	(	(	PUNCT
aijbe-575	301	13	2020	2020	NUM
aijbe-575	301	14	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	301	15	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	302	1	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
aijbe-575	302	2	-	-	PUNCT
aijbe-575	302	3	benin	benin	PROPN
aijbe-575	302	4	border	border	NOUN
aijbe-575	302	5	closure	closure	NOUN
aijbe-575	302	6	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	302	7	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	302	8	implication	implication	NOUN
aijbe-575	302	9	for	for	ADP
aijbe-575	302	10	economic	economic	ADJ
aijbe-575	302	11	development	development	NOUN
aijbe-575	302	12	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	302	13	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
aijbe-575	302	14	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	303	1	j	j	PROPN
aijbe-575	303	2	hum	hum	PROPN
aijbe-575	303	3	social	social	PROPN
aijbe-575	303	4	sci	sci	PROPN
aijbe-575	303	5	stud	stud	PROPN
aijbe-575	303	6	2:56	2:56	NUM
aijbe-575	303	7	adam	adam	NOUN
aijbe-575	303	8	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	303	9	h.(2021).what	h.(2021).what	PRON
aijbe-575	303	10	is	be	AUX
aijbe-575	303	11	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	303	12	real	real	ADJ
aijbe-575	303	13	effective	effective	ADJ
aijbe-575	303	14	exchange	exchange	NOUN
aijbe-575	303	15	rate	rate	NOUN
aijbe-575	303	16	(	(	PUNCT
aijbe-575	303	17	reer	reer	NOUN
aijbe-575	303	18	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	303	19	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	303	20	its	its	PRON
aijbe-575	303	21	equation	equation	NOUN
aijbe-575	303	22	?	?	PUNCT
aijbe-575	304	1	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
aijbe-575	304	2	from	from	ADP
aijbe-575	304	3	https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/reer.asp	https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/reer.asp	NOUN
aijbe-575	304	4	aliyu	aliyu	NOUN
aijbe-575	304	5	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	304	6	c.	c.	PROPN
aijbe-575	304	7	u.	u.	PROPN
aijbe-575	304	8	(	(	PUNCT
aijbe-575	304	9	2013	2013	NUM
aijbe-575	304	10	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	304	11	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	305	1	some	some	DET
aijbe-575	305	2	aspects	aspect	NOUN
aijbe-575	305	3	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	305	4	economic	economic	ADJ
aijbe-575	305	5	growth	growth	NOUN
aijbe-575	305	6	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	305	7	development	development	NOUN
aijbe-575	305	8	:	:	PUNCT
aijbe-575	305	9	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	305	10	comparison	comparison	NOUN
aijbe-575	305	11	among	among	ADP
aijbe-575	305	12	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	305	13	views	view	NOUN
aijbe-575	305	14	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	305	15	prominent	prominent	ADJ
aijbe-575	305	16	islamic	islamic	ADJ
aijbe-575	305	17	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	305	18	secular	secular	ADJ
aijbe-575	305	19	thinkers	thinker	NOUN
aijbe-575	305	20	on	on	ADP
aijbe-575	305	21	stages	stage	NOUN
aijbe-575	305	22	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	305	23	economic	economic	ADJ
aijbe-575	305	24	growth	growth	NOUN
aijbe-575	305	25	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	305	26	development	development	NOUN
aijbe-575	305	27	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	306	1	unpublished	unpublished	PROPN
aijbe-575	306	2	m.sc	m.sc	PROPN
aijbe-575	306	3	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	307	1	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	307	2	thesis	thesis	NOUN
aijbe-575	307	3	submitted	submit	VERB
aijbe-575	307	4	to	to	ADP
aijbe-575	307	5	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	307	6	faculty	faculty	NOUN
aijbe-575	307	7	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	307	8	economics	economic	NOUN
aijbe-575	307	9	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	307	10	management	management	NOUN
aijbe-575	307	11	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	307	12	international	international	ADJ
aijbe-575	307	13	islamic	islamic	PROPN
aijbe-575	307	14	university	university	PROPN
aijbe-575	307	15	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	307	16	malaysia	malaysia	PROPN
aijbe-575	307	17	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	308	1	aniukwu	aniukwu	PROPN
aijbe-575	308	2	c	c	PROPN
aijbe-575	308	3	(	(	PUNCT
aijbe-575	308	4	2020	2020	NUM
aijbe-575	308	5	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	308	6	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
aijbe-575	308	7	's	's	PART
aijbe-575	308	8	border	border	NOUN
aijbe-575	308	9	closure	closure	NOUN
aijbe-575	308	10	policy	policy	NOUN
aijbe-575	308	11	:	:	PUNCT
aijbe-575	308	12	appraising	appraise	VERB
aijbe-575	308	13	its	its	PRON
aijbe-575	308	14	impacts	impact	NOUN
aijbe-575	308	15	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	308	16	prospects	prospect	NOUN
aijbe-575	308	17	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	309	1	https://researchgate.net/publication/349723199	https://researchgate.net/publication/349723199	PROPN
aijbe-575	309	2	barattieri	barattieri	PROPN
aijbe-575	309	3	a	a	PRON
aijbe-575	309	4	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	309	5	cacciatore	cacciatore	NOUN
aijbe-575	309	6	m	m	NOUN
aijbe-575	309	7	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	309	8	ghironi	ghironi	PROPN
aijbe-575	309	9	f	f	X
aijbe-575	309	10	(	(	PUNCT
aijbe-575	309	11	2021	2021	NUM
aijbe-575	309	12	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	309	13	protectionism	protectionism	NOUN
aijbe-575	309	14	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	309	15	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	309	16	business	business	NOUN
aijbe-575	309	17	cycle	cycle	NOUN
aijbe-575	309	18	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	310	1	j	j	PROPN
aijbe-575	310	2	int	int	PROPN
aijbe-575	310	3	econ	econ	PROPN
aijbe-575	310	4	129:103417	129:103417	NUM
aijbe-575	310	5	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	311	1	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinteco.2020.103417	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinteco.2020.103417	NOUN
aijbe-575	311	2	cfi	cfi	PROPN
aijbe-575	311	3	team	team	NOUN
aijbe-575	311	4	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	311	5	(	(	PUNCT
aijbe-575	311	6	2019	2019	NUM
aijbe-575	311	7	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	311	8	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	312	1	protectionism	protectionism	NOUN
aijbe-575	312	2	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	313	1	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
aijbe-575	313	2	from	from	ADP
aijbe-575	313	3	https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/economics/protectionism/	https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/economics/protectionism/	ADJ
aijbe-575	313	4	balogun	balogun	PROPN
aijbe-575	313	5	david	david	PROPN
aijbe-575	313	6	ibukun	ibukun	PROPN
aijbe-575	313	7	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	313	8	prof	prof	NOUN
aijbe-575	313	9	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	314	1	okechukwu	okechukwu	PROPN
aijbe-575	314	2	e.	e.	PROPN
aijbe-575	314	3	u.	u.	PROPN
aijbe-575	314	4	(	(	PUNCT
aijbe-575	314	5	2023	2023	NUM
aijbe-575	314	6	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	314	7	12	12	NUM
aijbe-575	314	8	american	american	ADJ
aijbe-575	314	9	interdisciplinary	interdisciplinary	ADJ
aijbe-575	314	10	journal	journal	NOUN
aijbe-575	314	11	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	314	12	business	business	NOUN
aijbe-575	314	13	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	314	14	economics	economic	NOUN
aijbe-575	314	15	|	|	ADV
aijbe-575	314	16	https://sadijournals.org/index.php/aijbe	https://sadijournals.org/index.php/aijbe	VERB
aijbe-575	314	17	cheng	cheng	PROPN
aijbe-575	314	18	x	x	PROPN
aijbe-575	314	19	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	314	20	fu	fu	PROPN
aijbe-575	314	21	x	x	NOUN
aijbe-575	314	22	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	314	23	tang	tang	PROPN
aijbe-575	314	24	y	y	PROPN
aijbe-575	314	25	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	314	26	wang	wang	PROPN
aijbe-575	314	27	z	z	PROPN
aijbe-575	314	28	(	(	PUNCT
aijbe-575	314	29	2021	2021	NUM
aijbe-575	314	30	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	314	31	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	315	1	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	315	2	impacts	impact	NOUN
aijbe-575	315	3	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	315	4	trade	trade	NOUN
aijbe-575	315	5	protectionism	protectionism	NOUN
aijbe-575	315	6	on	on	ADP
aijbe-575	315	7	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	315	8	indian	indian	ADJ
aijbe-575	315	9	economy	economy	NOUN
aijbe-575	315	10	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	316	1	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	316	2	:	:	PUNCT
aijbe-575	316	3	2021	2021	NUM
aijbe-575	316	4	3rd	3rd	ADJ
aijbe-575	316	5	international	international	ADJ
aijbe-575	316	6	conference	conference	NOUN
aijbe-575	316	7	on	on	ADP
aijbe-575	316	8	economic	economic	ADJ
aijbe-575	316	9	management	management	NOUN
aijbe-575	316	10	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	316	11	cultural	cultural	ADJ
aijbe-575	316	12	industry	industry	NOUN
aijbe-575	316	13	(	(	PUNCT
aijbe-575	316	14	icemci	icemci	NOUN
aijbe-575	316	15	2021	2021	NUM
aijbe-575	316	16	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	316	17	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	317	1	atlantis	atlantis	PROPN
aijbe-575	317	2	press	press	PROPN
aijbe-575	317	3	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	317	4	pp	pp	ADP
aijbe-575	317	5	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	318	1	1213–1219	1213–1219	NUM
aijbe-575	318	2	constanze	constanze	NOUN
aijbe-575	318	3	b	b	PROPN
aijbe-575	318	4	(	(	PUNCT
aijbe-575	318	5	2014	2014	NUM
aijbe-575	318	6	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	318	7	cross	cross	ADJ
aijbe-575	318	8	-	-	ADJ
aijbe-575	318	9	border	border	ADJ
aijbe-575	318	10	flows	flow	NOUN
aijbe-575	318	11	between	between	ADP
aijbe-575	318	12	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
aijbe-575	318	13	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	318	14	benin	benin	PROPN
aijbe-575	318	15	:	:	PUNCT
aijbe-575	318	16	what	what	PRON
aijbe-575	318	17	are	be	AUX
aijbe-575	318	18	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	318	19	challenges	challenge	NOUN
aijbe-575	318	20	for	for	ADP
aijbe-575	318	21	(	(	PUNCT
aijbe-575	318	22	human	human	ADJ
aijbe-575	318	23	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	318	24	security	security	NOUN
aijbe-575	318	25	?	?	PUNCT
aijbe-575	319	1	friedrich	friedrich	PROPN
aijbe-575	319	2	-	-	PUNCT
aijbe-575	319	3	ebert	ebert	NOUN
aijbe-575	319	4	-	-	PUNCT
aijbe-575	319	5	stiftung	stiftung	ADJ
aijbe-575	319	6	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	319	7	regional	regional	ADJ
aijbe-575	319	8	office	office	NOUN
aijbe-575	319	9	abuja	abuja	PROPN
aijbe-575	319	10	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	319	11	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
aijbe-575	319	12	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	320	1	https://library.fes.de/pdffiles/bueros/nigeria/10883.pdf	https://library.fes.de/pdffiles/bueros/nigeria/10883.pdf	X
aijbe-575	321	1	eselebor	eselebor	PROPN
aijbe-575	321	2	wa	wa	X
aijbe-575	321	3	(	(	PUNCT
aijbe-575	321	4	2020	2020	NUM
aijbe-575	321	5	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	321	6	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	322	1	seme	seme	NOUN
aijbe-575	322	2	border	border	NOUN
aijbe-575	322	3	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	322	4	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
aijbe-575	322	5	:	:	PUNCT
aijbe-575	322	6	safety	safety	NOUN
aijbe-575	322	7	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	322	8	collective	collective	ADJ
aijbe-575	322	9	vulnerability	vulnerability	NOUN
aijbe-575	322	10	;	;	PUNCT
aijbe-575	322	11	borders	border	NOUN
aijbe-575	322	12	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	322	13	globalization	globalization	NOUN
aijbe-575	322	14	review	review	NOUN
aijbe-575	322	15	2,(1	2,(1	NUM
aijbe-575	322	16	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	322	17	(	(	PUNCT
aijbe-575	322	18	fall	fall	NOUN
aijbe-575	322	19	/	/	SYM
aijbe-575	322	20	winter	winter	NOUN
aijbe-575	322	21	2020	2020	NUM
aijbe-575	322	22	):	):	PUNCT
aijbe-575	322	23	46–49	46–49	NUM
aijbe-575	322	24	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	323	1	https://doi.org/10.18357/bigr2120201986return	https://doi.org/10.18357/bigr2120201986return	NOUN
aijbe-575	323	2	to	to	PART
aijbe-575	323	3	ref	ref	VERB
aijbe-575	323	4	1	1	NUM
aijbe-575	323	5	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	323	6	article	article	NOUN
aijbe-575	323	7	godwin	godwin	PROPN
aijbe-575	323	8	om	om	PROPN
aijbe-575	323	9	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	323	10	olorunfemi	olorunfemi	PROPN
aijbe-575	323	11	jf	jf	PROPN
aijbe-575	323	12	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	323	13	aiyegbajeje	aiyegbajeje	ADV
aijbe-575	323	14	fo	fo	INTJ
aijbe-575	323	15	(	(	PUNCT
aijbe-575	323	16	2020	2020	NUM
aijbe-575	323	17	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	323	18	legal	legal	ADJ
aijbe-575	323	19	viable	viable	ADJ
aijbe-575	323	20	options	option	NOUN
aijbe-575	323	21	to	to	PART
aijbe-575	323	22	incessant	incessant	VERB
aijbe-575	323	23	closure	closure	NOUN
aijbe-575	323	24	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	323	25	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
aijbe-575	323	26	’s	’s	PART
aijbe-575	323	27	international	international	ADJ
aijbe-575	323	28	borders	border	NOUN
aijbe-575	323	29	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	324	1	afr	afr	PROPN
aijbe-575	324	2	identities	identity	NOUN
aijbe-575	324	3	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	325	1	https://doi.org/10.1080/14725843.2020.1828037	https://doi.org/10.1080/14725843.2020.1828037	PROPN
aijbe-575	325	2	igudia	igudia	PROPN
aijbe-575	325	3	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	325	4	p.	p.	NOUN
aijbe-575	325	5	(	(	PUNCT
aijbe-575	325	6	2016	2016	NUM
aijbe-575	325	7	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	325	8	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	326	1	globalization	globalization	NOUN
aijbe-575	326	2	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	326	3	economic	economic	ADJ
aijbe-575	326	4	development	development	NOUN
aijbe-575	326	5	:	:	PUNCT
aijbe-575	326	6	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
aijbe-575	326	7	’s	’s	PART
aijbe-575	326	8	experience	experience	NOUN
aijbe-575	326	9	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	326	10	prospects	prospect	NOUN
aijbe-575	326	11	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	326	12	globalization	globalization	NOUN
aijbe-575	326	13	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	326	14	africa	africa	PROPN
aijbe-575	326	15	’s	’s	PART
aijbe-575	326	16	economic	economic	PROPN
aijbe-575	326	17	development	development	NOUN
aijbe-575	326	18	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	326	19	ibadan	ibadan	PROPN
aijbe-575	326	20	:	:	PUNCT
aijbe-575	326	21	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
aijbe-575	326	22	economic	economic	ADJ
aijbe-575	326	23	society	society	NOUN
aijbe-575	326	24	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	326	25	347	347	NUM
aijbe-575	326	26	-	-	SYM
aijbe-575	326	27	375	375	NUM
aijbe-575	326	28	kathleen	kathleen	NOUN
aijbe-575	326	29	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	326	30	c.	c.	NOUN
aijbe-575	326	31	(	(	PUNCT
aijbe-575	326	32	2018	2018	NUM
aijbe-575	326	33	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	326	34	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	327	1	what	what	PRON
aijbe-575	327	2	is	be	AUX
aijbe-575	327	3	an	an	DET
aijbe-575	327	4	exchange	exchange	NOUN
aijbe-575	327	5	rate	rate	NOUN
aijbe-575	327	6	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	327	7	what	what	PRON
aijbe-575	327	8	does	do	AUX
aijbe-575	327	9	it	it	PRON
aijbe-575	327	10	mean	mean	VERB
aijbe-575	327	11	?	?	PUNCT
aijbe-575	328	1	edited	edit	VERB
aijbe-575	328	2	by	by	ADP
aijbe-575	328	3	joe	joe	PROPN
aijbe-575	328	4	cortez	cortez	PROPN
aijbe-575	328	5	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	328	6	march	march	PROPN
aijbe-575	328	7	2018	2018	NUM
aijbe-575	328	8	downloaded	download	VERB
aijbe-575	328	9	on	on	ADP
aijbe-575	328	10	18	18	NUM
aijbe-575	328	11	july	july	PROPN
aijbe-575	328	12	2018	2018	NUM
aijbe-575	328	13	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	329	1	kimberly	kimberly	PROPN
aijbe-575	329	2	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	329	3	a.	a.	NOUN
aijbe-575	329	4	(	(	PUNCT
aijbe-575	329	5	2018	2018	NUM
aijbe-575	329	6	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	329	7	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	330	1	exchange	exchange	NOUN
aijbe-575	330	2	rates	rate	NOUN
aijbe-575	330	3	explained	explain	VERB
aijbe-575	330	4	downloaded	download	VERB
aijbe-575	330	5	on	on	ADP
aijbe-575	330	6	18	18	NUM
aijbe-575	330	7	july	july	PROPN
aijbe-575	330	8	2022	2022	NUM
aijbe-575	331	1	kituyi	kituyi	NOUN
aijbe-575	331	2	m	m	PROPN
aijbe-575	331	3	(	(	PUNCT
aijbe-575	331	4	2020	2020	NUM
aijbe-575	331	5	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	331	6	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	331	7	new	new	ADJ
aijbe-575	331	8	take	take	NOUN
aijbe-575	331	9	on	on	ADP
aijbe-575	331	10	trade	trade	NOUN
aijbe-575	331	11	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	332	1	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
aijbe-575	332	2	from	from	ADP
aijbe-575	332	3	unctad	unctad	NOUN
aijbe-575	332	4	:	:	PUNCT
aijbe-575	332	5	https://unctad.org/news/newtake-trade	https://unctad.org/news/newtake-trade	NOUN
aijbe-575	332	6	kolawole	kolawole	PROPN
aijbe-575	332	7	a	a	PRON
aijbe-575	332	8	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	332	9	ojelade	ojelade	NOUN
aijbe-575	332	10	m	m	PROPN
aijbe-575	332	11	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	332	12	mosobalaje	mosobalaje	PROPN
aijbe-575	332	13	t	t	PROPN
aijbe-575	332	14	(	(	PUNCT
aijbe-575	332	15	2020	2020	NUM
aijbe-575	332	16	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	332	17	assessment	assessment	NOUN
aijbe-575	332	18	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	332	19	land	land	NOUN
aijbe-575	332	20	border	border	NOUN
aijbe-575	332	21	closure	closure	NOUN
aijbe-575	332	22	on	on	ADP
aijbe-575	332	23	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	332	24	socio	socio	NOUN
aijbe-575	332	25	-	-	PUNCT
aijbe-575	332	26	economic	economic	ADJ
aijbe-575	332	27	development	development	NOUN
aijbe-575	332	28	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	332	29	people	people	NOUN
aijbe-575	332	30	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	332	31	saki	saki	PROPN
aijbe-575	332	32	metropolis	metropolis	PROPN
aijbe-575	332	33	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	333	1	int	int	PROPN
aijbe-575	334	1	j	j	PROPN
aijbe-575	334	2	innov	innov	PROPN
aijbe-575	334	3	dev	dev	PROPN
aijbe-575	334	4	policy	policy	NOUN
aijbe-575	334	5	stud	stud	NOUN
aijbe-575	334	6	8(3):30–34	8(3):30–34	NUM
aijbe-575	334	7	li	li	NOUN
aijbe-575	334	8	c	c	PROPN
aijbe-575	334	9	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	334	10	whalley	whalley	PROPN
aijbe-575	334	11	j	j	PROPN
aijbe-575	334	12	(	(	PUNCT
aijbe-575	334	13	2021	2021	NUM
aijbe-575	334	14	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	334	15	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	335	1	trade	trade	NOUN
aijbe-575	335	2	protectionism	protectionism	NOUN
aijbe-575	335	3	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	335	4	us	us	PROPN
aijbe-575	335	5	employment	employment	NOUN
aijbe-575	335	6	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	336	1	econ	econ	PROPN
aijbe-575	336	2	model	model	PROPN
aijbe-575	336	3	96:353–361	96:353–361	PROPN
aijbe-575	336	4	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	337	1	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2020.03.017	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2020.03.017	NUM
aijbe-575	337	2	madichie	madichie	NOUN
aijbe-575	337	3	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	337	4	c.	c.	NOUN
aijbe-575	337	5	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	337	6	osagu	osagu	PROPN
aijbe-575	337	7	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	337	8	f.	f.	PROPN
aijbe-575	337	9	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	337	10	&	&	CCONJ
aijbe-575	337	11	eze	eze	PROPN
aijbe-575	337	12	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	337	13	e.	e.	PROPN
aijbe-575	337	14	(	(	PUNCT
aijbe-575	337	15	2019	2019	NUM
aijbe-575	337	16	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	337	17	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	338	1	economic	economic	ADJ
aijbe-575	338	2	diversification	diversification	NOUN
aijbe-575	338	3	:	:	PUNCT
aijbe-575	338	4	imperative	imperative	ADJ
aijbe-575	338	5	for	for	ADP
aijbe-575	338	6	trade	trade	NOUN
aijbe-575	338	7	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	338	8	industrial	industrial	ADJ
aijbe-575	338	9	policies	policy	NOUN
aijbe-575	338	10	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	338	11	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
aijbe-575	338	12	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	339	1	timisoara	timisoara	PROPN
aijbe-575	339	2	journal	journal	PROPN
aijbe-575	339	3	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	339	4	economics	economic	NOUN
aijbe-575	339	5	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	339	6	business	business	NOUN
aijbe-575	339	7	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	339	8	1(11	1(11	NUM
aijbe-575	339	9	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	339	10	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	339	11	67–86	67–86	NUM
aijbe-575	339	12	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	340	1	magnusson	magnusson	PROPN
aijbe-575	340	2	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	340	3	l.(1994	l.(1994	PROPN
aijbe-575	340	4	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	340	5	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	341	1	mercantilism	mercantilism	NOUN
aijbe-575	341	2	:	:	PUNCT
aijbe-575	341	3	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	341	4	shaping	shaping	NOUN
aijbe-575	341	5	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	341	6	an	an	DET
aijbe-575	341	7	economic	economic	ADJ
aijbe-575	341	8	language	language	NOUN
aijbe-575	341	9	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	342	1	london	london	PROPN
aijbe-575	342	2	:	:	PUNCT
aijbe-575	342	3	routledge	routledge	PROPN
aijbe-575	342	4	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	342	5	mbaye	mbaye	PROPN
aijbe-575	342	6	a	a	PRON
aijbe-575	342	7	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	342	8	golub	golub	PROPN
aijbe-575	342	9	s	s	PROPN
aijbe-575	342	10	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	342	11	cheihk	cheihk	NOUN
aijbe-575	342	12	a	a	PRON
aijbe-575	342	13	(	(	PUNCT
aijbe-575	342	14	2019	2019	NUM
aijbe-575	342	15	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	342	16	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	342	17	effects	effect	NOUN
aijbe-575	342	18	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	342	19	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
aijbe-575	342	20	’s	’s	PART
aijbe-575	342	21	closed	closed	ADJ
aijbe-575	342	22	borders	border	NOUN
aijbe-575	342	23	on	on	ADP
aijbe-575	342	24	informal	informal	ADJ
aijbe-575	342	25	trade	trade	NOUN
aijbe-575	342	26	with	with	ADP
aijbe-575	342	27	benin	benin	PROPN
aijbe-575	342	28	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	343	1	brooking	brooking	PROPN
aijbe-575	343	2	’s	’s	PART
aijbe-575	343	3	policy	policy	NOUN
aijbe-575	343	4	reports	report	NOUN
aijbe-575	343	5	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	343	6	african	african	ADJ
aijbe-575	343	7	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	343	8	focus	focus	NOUN
aijbe-575	343	9	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	344	1	13	13	NUM
aijbe-575	344	2	nwidoko	nwidoko	PROPN
aijbe-575	344	3	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	344	4	e.	e.	PROPN
aijbe-575	344	5	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	344	6	"	"	PUNCT
aijbe-575	344	7	trade	trade	NOUN
aijbe-575	344	8	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	344	9	protectionism	protectionism	NOUN
aijbe-575	344	10	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	344	11	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
aijbe-575	344	12	:	:	PUNCT
aijbe-575	344	13	effects	effect	NOUN
aijbe-575	344	14	on	on	ADP
aijbe-575	344	15	employment	employment	NOUN
aijbe-575	344	16	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	344	17	income	income	NOUN
aijbe-575	344	18	distribution	distribution	NOUN
aijbe-575	344	19	"	"	PUNCT
aijbe-575	344	20	(	(	PUNCT
aijbe-575	344	21	1988	1988	NUM
aijbe-575	344	22	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	344	23	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	345	1	etd	etd	ADJ
aijbe-575	345	2	collection	collection	NOUN
aijbe-575	345	3	for	for	ADP
aijbe-575	345	4	fordham	fordham	PROPN
aijbe-575	345	5	university	university	PROPN
aijbe-575	345	6	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	346	1	aai8818470	aai8818470	PROPN
aijbe-575	346	2	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	347	1	https://research.library.fordham.edu/dissertations/aai8818470	https://research.library.fordham.edu/dissertations/aai8818470	PROPN
aijbe-575	347	2	okere	okere	VERB
aijbe-575	347	3	k	k	NOUN
aijbe-575	347	4	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	347	5	iheanacho	iheanacho	NOUN
aijbe-575	347	6	e	e	PROPN
aijbe-575	347	7	(	(	PUNCT
aijbe-575	347	8	2016	2016	NUM
aijbe-575	347	9	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	347	10	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	347	11	impact	impact	NOUN
aijbe-575	347	12	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	347	13	trade	trade	NOUN
aijbe-575	347	14	protectionism	protectionism	NOUN
aijbe-575	347	15	theory	theory	NOUN
aijbe-575	347	16	on	on	ADP
aijbe-575	347	17	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	347	18	economic	economic	ADJ
aijbe-575	347	19	growth	growth	NOUN
aijbe-575	347	20	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	347	21	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
aijbe-575	347	22	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	348	1	int	int	PROPN
aijbe-575	348	2	j	j	PROPN
aijbe-575	348	3	financ	financ	PROPN
aijbe-575	348	4	account	account	VERB
aijbe-575	348	5	5(4):171–183	5(4):171–183	NUM
aijbe-575	348	6	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	349	1	https://doi.org/10.5923/j.ijfa.20160504.02	https://doi.org/10.5923/j.ijfa.20160504.02	PROPN
aijbe-575	349	2	okere	okere	PROPN
aijbe-575	349	3	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	349	4	k.	k.	PROPN
aijbe-575	349	5	&	&	CCONJ
aijbe-575	349	6	iheanacho	iheanacho	PROPN
aijbe-575	349	7	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	349	8	e.	e.	PROPN
aijbe-575	349	9	(	(	PUNCT
aijbe-575	349	10	2016	2016	NUM
aijbe-575	349	11	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	349	12	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	350	1	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	350	2	impact	impact	NOUN
aijbe-575	350	3	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	350	4	trade	trade	NOUN
aijbe-575	350	5	protectionist	protectionist	ADJ
aijbe-575	350	6	policy	policy	NOUN
aijbe-575	350	7	on	on	ADP
aijbe-575	350	8	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	350	9	economic	economic	ADJ
aijbe-575	350	10	growth	growth	NOUN
aijbe-575	350	11	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	350	12	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
aijbe-575	350	13	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	351	1	5	5	NUM
aijbe-575	351	2	.	.	X
aijbe-575	351	3	10.5923	10.5923	NUM
aijbe-575	351	4	/	/	SYM
aijbe-575	351	5	j.ijfa.20160504.02	j.ijfa.20160504.02	NOUN
aijbe-575	351	6	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	352	1	https://doi.org/10.18357/bigr2120201986	https://doi.org/10.18357/bigr2120201986	PROPN
aijbe-575	352	2	https://fbj.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s43093-022-00170-4#ref-link-section-d141585207e493	https://fbj.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s43093-022-00170-4#ref-link-section-d141585207e493	PROPN
aijbe-575	352	3	balogun	balogun	VERB
aijbe-575	352	4	david	david	PROPN
aijbe-575	352	5	ibukun	ibukun	PROPN
aijbe-575	352	6	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	352	7	prof	prof	NOUN
aijbe-575	352	8	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	353	1	okechukwu	okechukwu	PROPN
aijbe-575	353	2	e.	e.	PROPN
aijbe-575	353	3	u.	u.	PROPN
aijbe-575	353	4	(	(	PUNCT
aijbe-575	353	5	2023	2023	NUM
aijbe-575	353	6	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	353	7	13	13	NUM
aijbe-575	353	8	american	american	ADJ
aijbe-575	353	9	interdisciplinary	interdisciplinary	ADJ
aijbe-575	353	10	journal	journal	NOUN
aijbe-575	353	11	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	353	12	business	business	NOUN
aijbe-575	353	13	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	353	14	economics	economic	NOUN
aijbe-575	353	15	|	|	ADV
aijbe-575	353	16	https://sadijournals.org/index.php/aijbe	https://sadijournals.org/index.php/aijbe	VERB
aijbe-575	353	17	oladehinde	oladehinde	PROPN
aijbe-575	353	18	o.(2022	o.(2022	PROPN
aijbe-575	353	19	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	353	20	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	354	1	protectionist	protectionist	ADJ
aijbe-575	354	2	policies	policy	NOUN
aijbe-575	354	3	cost	cost	VERB
aijbe-575	354	4	nigeria	nigeria	PRON
aijbe-575	354	5	$	$	SYM
aijbe-575	354	6	18bn	18bn	NOUN
aijbe-575	354	7	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	354	8	10	10	NUM
aijbe-575	354	9	years	year	NOUN
aijbe-575	354	10	–	–	PUNCT
aijbe-575	354	11	world	world	NOUN
aijbe-575	354	12	bank	bank	NOUN
aijbe-575	354	13	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	355	1	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
aijbe-575	355	2	from	from	ADP
aijbe-575	355	3	https://businessday.ng/big-read/article/protectionist-policies-cost-nigeria-18bn-in-10-years-world-bank/	https://businessday.ng/big-read/article/protectionist-policies-cost-nigeria-18bn-in-10-years-world-bank/	ADJ
aijbe-575	355	4	olufunke	olufunke	PROPN
aijbe-575	355	5	i.	i.	PROPN
aijbe-575	355	6	a.	a.	PROPN
aijbe-575	355	7	&	&	CCONJ
aijbe-575	355	8	olufemi	olufemi	PROPN
aijbe-575	355	9	s.	s.	PROPN
aijbe-575	355	10	a.	a.	PROPN
aijbe-575	355	11	(	(	PUNCT
aijbe-575	355	12	2022	2022	NUM
aijbe-575	355	13	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	355	14	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	356	1	trade	trade	NOUN
aijbe-575	356	2	protectionism	protectionism	NOUN
aijbe-575	356	3	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	356	4	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	356	5	manufacturing	manufacturing	NOUN
aijbe-575	356	6	sector	sector	NOUN
aijbe-575	356	7	:	:	PUNCT
aijbe-575	356	8	a	a	DET
aijbe-575	356	9	review	review	NOUN
aijbe-575	356	10	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	356	11	border	border	NOUN
aijbe-575	356	12	closure	closure	NOUN
aijbe-575	356	13	policy	policy	NOUN
aijbe-575	356	14	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	356	15	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
aijbe-575	356	16	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	357	1	future	future	ADJ
aijbe-575	357	2	business	business	NOUN
aijbe-575	357	3	journal	journal	NOUN
aijbe-575	357	4	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	357	5	https://doi.org/10.1186/s43093-022-00170-4	https://doi.org/10.1186/s43093-022-00170-4	NUM
aijbe-575	357	6	oluwatoyin	oluwatoyin	NOUN
aijbe-575	357	7	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	357	8	m.	m.	NOUN
aijbe-575	357	9	a.	a.	PROPN
aijbe-575	357	10	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	357	11	&	&	CCONJ
aijbe-575	357	12	folasade	folasade	PROPN
aijbe-575	357	13	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	357	14	a.	a.	PROPN
aijbe-575	357	15	b.	b.	PROPN
aijbe-575	357	16	(	(	PUNCT
aijbe-575	357	17	2014	2014	NUM
aijbe-575	357	18	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	357	19	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	358	1	trade	trade	NOUN
aijbe-575	358	2	openness	openness	NOUN
aijbe-575	358	3	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	358	4	institutions	institution	NOUN
aijbe-575	358	5	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	358	6	economic	economic	ADJ
aijbe-575	358	7	growth	growth	NOUN
aijbe-575	358	8	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	358	9	sub	sub	ADJ
aijbe-575	358	10	-	-	ADJ
aijbe-575	358	11	saharan	saharan	ADJ
aijbe-575	358	12	africa	africa	PROPN
aijbe-575	358	13	(	(	PUNCT
aijbe-575	358	14	ssa	ssa	PROPN
aijbe-575	358	15	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	358	16	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	359	1	developing	develop	VERB
aijbe-575	359	2	country	country	NOUN
aijbe-575	359	3	studies	study	NOUN
aijbe-575	359	4	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	359	5	4(8	4(8	NUM
aijbe-575	359	6	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	359	7	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	359	8	1	1	NUM
aijbe-575	359	9	-	-	SYM
aijbe-575	359	10	14	14	NUM
aijbe-575	359	11	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	360	1	poole	poole	PROPN
aijbe-575	360	2	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	360	3	w.	w.	NOUN
aijbe-575	360	4	(	(	PUNCT
aijbe-575	360	5	2014	2014	NUM
aijbe-575	360	6	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	360	7	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	361	1	"	"	PUNCT
aijbe-575	361	2	free	free	ADJ
aijbe-575	361	3	trade	trade	NOUN
aijbe-575	361	4	:	:	PUNCT
aijbe-575	361	5	why	why	SCONJ
aijbe-575	361	6	are	be	AUX
aijbe-575	361	7	economists	economist	NOUN
aijbe-575	361	8	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	361	9	noneconomists	noneconomist	NOUN
aijbe-575	361	10	so	so	ADV
aijbe-575	361	11	far	far	ADV
aijbe-575	361	12	apart	apart	ADV
aijbe-575	361	13	"	"	PUNCT
aijbe-575	361	14	(	(	PUNCT
aijbe-575	361	15	pdf	pdf	NOUN
aijbe-575	361	16	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	361	17	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	362	1	federal	federal	PROPN
aijbe-575	362	2	reserve	reserve	PROPN
aijbe-575	362	3	bank	bank	PROPN
aijbe-575	362	4	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	362	5	st	st	PROPN
aijbe-575	362	6	.	.	PROPN
aijbe-575	362	7	louis	louis	PROPN
aijbe-575	362	8	review	review	PROPN
aijbe-575	362	9	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	363	1	86	86	NUM
aijbe-575	363	2	(	(	PUNCT
aijbe-575	363	3	5	5	NUM
aijbe-575	363	4	):	):	SYM
aijbe-575	363	5	1	1	NUM
aijbe-575	363	6	.	.	X
aijbe-575	363	7	doi:10.20955	doi:10.20955	ADJ
aijbe-575	363	8	/	/	SYM
aijbe-575	363	9	r.86.1	r.86.1	NOUN
aijbe-575	363	10	-	-	PUNCT
aijbe-575	363	11	6	6	NUM
aijbe-575	363	12	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	364	1	archived	archive	VERB
aijbe-575	364	2	(	(	PUNCT
aijbe-575	364	3	pdf	pdf	NOUN
aijbe-575	364	4	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	364	5	from	from	ADP
aijbe-575	364	6	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	364	7	original	original	NOUN
aijbe-575	364	8	on	on	ADP
aijbe-575	364	9	201712	201712	NUM
aijbe-575	364	10	-	-	SYM
aijbe-575	364	11	07	07	NUM
aijbe-575	364	12	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	365	1	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
aijbe-575	365	2	2023	2023	NUM
aijbe-575	365	3	-	-	SYM
aijbe-575	365	4	06	06	NUM
aijbe-575	365	5	-	-	SYM
aijbe-575	365	6	14	14	NUM
aijbe-575	365	7	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	366	1	"	"	PUNCT
aijbe-575	366	2	most	most	ADJ
aijbe-575	366	3	observers	observer	NOUN
aijbe-575	366	4	agree	agree	VERB
aijbe-575	366	5	that	that	SCONJ
aijbe-575	366	6	'	'	PUNCT
aijbe-575	366	7	[	[	X
aijbe-575	366	8	t]he	t]he	ADJ
aijbe-575	366	9	consensus	consensus	NOUN
aijbe-575	366	10	among	among	ADP
aijbe-575	366	11	mainstream	mainstream	NOUN
aijbe-575	366	12	economists	economist	NOUN
aijbe-575	366	13	on	on	ADP
aijbe-575	366	14	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	366	15	desirability	desirability	NOUN
aijbe-575	366	16	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	366	17	free	free	ADJ
aijbe-575	366	18	trade	trade	NOUN
aijbe-575	366	19	remains	remain	VERB
aijbe-575	366	20	almost	almost	ADV
aijbe-575	366	21	universal	universal	ADJ
aijbe-575	366	22	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	366	23	'	'	PUNCT
aijbe-575	367	1	rosenfeld	rosenfeld	PROPN
aijbe-575	367	2	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	367	3	e.	e.	PROPN
aijbe-575	367	4	(	(	PUNCT
aijbe-575	367	5	2016	2016	NUM
aijbe-575	367	6	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	367	7	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	368	1	"	"	PUNCT
aijbe-575	368	2	here	here	ADV
aijbe-575	368	3	's	be	AUX
aijbe-575	368	4	why	why	SCONJ
aijbe-575	368	5	everyone	everyone	PRON
aijbe-575	368	6	is	be	AUX
aijbe-575	368	7	arguing	argue	VERB
aijbe-575	368	8	about	about	ADP
aijbe-575	368	9	free	free	ADJ
aijbe-575	368	10	trade	trade	NOUN
aijbe-575	368	11	"	"	PUNCT
aijbe-575	368	12	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	369	1	cnbc	cnbc	PROPN
aijbe-575	369	2	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	370	1	archived	archive	VERB
aijbe-575	370	2	from	from	ADP
aijbe-575	370	3	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	370	4	original	original	NOUN
aijbe-575	370	5	on	on	ADP
aijbe-575	370	6	12	12	NUM
aijbe-575	370	7	march	march	NOUN
aijbe-575	370	8	2016	2016	NUM
aijbe-575	370	9	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	371	1	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
aijbe-575	371	2	10	10	NUM
aijbe-575	371	3	august	august	PROPN
aijbe-575	371	4	2021	2021	NUM
aijbe-575	371	5	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	372	1	smith	smith	PROPN
aijbe-575	372	2	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	372	3	a.(1937	a.(1937	PROPN
aijbe-575	372	4	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	372	5	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	373	1	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	373	2	wealth	wealth	NOUN
aijbe-575	373	3	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	373	4	nations	nation	NOUN
aijbe-575	373	5	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	374	1	edwin	edwin	PROPN
aijbe-575	374	2	cannan	cannan	PROPN
aijbe-575	374	3	edition	edition	PROPN
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aijbe-575	375	19	(	(	PUNCT
aijbe-575	375	20	2013	2013	NUM
aijbe-575	375	21	)	)	PUNCT
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aijbe-575	376	6	:	:	PUNCT
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aijbe-575	376	11	rural	rural	ADJ
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aijbe-575	376	13	”	"	PUNCT
aijbe-575	376	14	.	.	PUNCT
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aijbe-575	377	10	(	(	PUNCT
aijbe-575	377	11	2013	2013	NUM
aijbe-575	377	12	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	377	13	.	.	PUNCT
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aijbe-575	378	18	vector	vector	NOUN
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aijbe-575	379	11	2022	2022	NUM
aijbe-575	379	12	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	379	13	.	.	PUNCT
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aijbe-575	380	3	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	380	4	trade	trade	NOUN
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aijbe-575	380	6	policy	policy	NOUN
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aijbe-575	380	10	in	in	ADP
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aijbe-575	380	12	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	381	1	african	african	ADJ
aijbe-575	381	2	journal	journal	PROPN
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aijbe-575	381	10	4),43	4),43	NUM
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aijbe-575	381	13	,	,	PUNCT
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aijbe-575	381	17	2021	2021	NUM
aijbe-575	381	18	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	381	19	trade	trade	NOUN
aijbe-575	381	20	protectionism	protectionism	NOUN
aijbe-575	381	21	and	and	CCONJ
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aijbe-575	381	23	closure	closure	NOUN
aijbe-575	381	24	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	381	25	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
aijbe-575	381	26	:	:	PUNCT
aijbe-575	381	27	the	the	DET
aijbe-575	381	28	rice	rice	NOUN
aijbe-575	381	29	economy	economy	NOUN
aijbe-575	381	30	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	381	31	perspective	perspective	NOUN
aijbe-575	381	32	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	382	1	ujah	ujah	PROPN
aijbe-575	382	2	unizik	unizik	PROPN
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aijbe-575	382	6	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	383	1	https://doi.org/10.4314/ujah.v22i1.4	https://doi.org/10.4314/ujah.v22i1.4	PROPN
aijbe-575	383	2	victor	victor	PROPN
aijbe-575	383	3	u.	u.	PROPN
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aijbe-575	383	5	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	383	6	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	384	1	impact	impact	NOUN
aijbe-575	384	2	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	384	3	trade	trade	NOUN
aijbe-575	384	4	openness	openness	NOUN
aijbe-575	384	5	on	on	ADP
aijbe-575	384	6	economic	economic	ADJ
aijbe-575	384	7	growth	growth	NOUN
aijbe-575	384	8	among	among	ADP
aijbe-575	384	9	ecowas	ecowas	PROPN
aijbe-575	384	10	countries	country	NOUN
aijbe-575	384	11	:	:	PUNCT
aijbe-575	384	12	1975	1975	NUM
aijbe-575	384	13	-	-	SYM
aijbe-575	384	14	2017	2017	NUM
aijbe-575	384	15	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	385	1	cbn	cbn	PROPN
aijbe-575	385	2	journal	journal	PROPN
aijbe-575	385	3	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	385	4	applied	apply	VERB
aijbe-575	385	5	statistics	statistic	NOUN
aijbe-575	385	6	10(1)(june	10(1)(june	NUM
aijbe-575	385	7	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	385	8	2019	2019	NUM
aijbe-575	385	9	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	385	10	75	75	NUM
aijbe-575	385	11	-	-	SYM
aijbe-575	385	12	96	96	NUM
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aijbe-575	385	14	d	d	NOUN
aijbe-575	385	15	,	,	PUNCT
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aijbe-575	385	17	m	m	PROPN
aijbe-575	385	18	(	(	PUNCT
aijbe-575	385	19	2014	2014	NUM
aijbe-575	385	20	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	385	21	empirical	empirical	ADJ
aijbe-575	385	22	analysis	analysis	NOUN
aijbe-575	385	23	of	of	ADP
aijbe-575	385	24	trade	trade	NOUN
aijbe-575	385	25	barriers	barrier	NOUN
aijbe-575	385	26	and	and	CCONJ
aijbe-575	385	27	economic	economic	ADJ
aijbe-575	385	28	growth	growth	NOUN
aijbe-575	385	29	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	385	30	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
aijbe-575	385	31	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	386	1	eur	eur	PROPN
aijbe-575	386	2	j	j	PROPN
aijbe-575	386	3	social	social	ADJ
aijbe-575	386	4	sci	sci	PROPN
aijbe-575	386	5	2:2347–5544	2:2347–5544	NUM
aijbe-575	386	6	world	world	NOUN
aijbe-575	386	7	bank	bank	NOUN
aijbe-575	386	8	report	report	NOUN
aijbe-575	386	9	(	(	PUNCT
aijbe-575	386	10	2021	2021	NUM
aijbe-575	386	11	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	386	12	.	.	PUNCT
aijbe-575	387	1	doing	do	VERB
aijbe-575	387	2	business	business	NOUN
aijbe-575	387	3	2021	2021	NUM
aijbe-575	387	4	:	:	PUNCT
aijbe-575	387	5	comparing	compare	VERB
aijbe-575	387	6	business	business	NOUN
aijbe-575	387	7	regulation	regulation	NOUN
aijbe-575	387	8	in	in	ADP
aijbe-575	387	9	190	190	NUM
aijbe-575	387	10	economies	economy	NOUN
aijbe-575	387	11	(	(	PUNCT
aijbe-575	387	12	nigeria	nigeria	X
aijbe-575	387	13	)	)	PUNCT
aijbe-575	387	14	by	by	ADP
aijbe-575	387	15	world	world	PROPN
aijbe-575	387	16	bank	bank	PROPN
aijbe-575	387	17	group	group	NOUN
aijbe-575	387	18	,	,	PUNCT
aijbe-575	387	19	17th	17th	ADJ
aijbe-575	387	20	series	series	PROPN
aijbe-575	387	21	https://businessday.ng/big-read/article/protectionist-policies-cost-nigeria-18bn-in-10-years-world-bank/	https://businessday.ng/big-read/article/protectionist-policies-cost-nigeria-18bn-in-10-years-world-bank/	PROPN
aijbe-575	387	22	https://doi.org/10.4314/ujah.v22i1.4	https://doi.org/10.4314/ujah.v22i1.4	PROPN