id sid tid token lemma pos aijhass-91 1 1 american american PROPN aijhass-91 1 2 international international PROPN aijhass-91 1 3 journal journal PROPN aijhass-91 1 4 of of ADP aijhass-91 1 5 humanities humanity NOUN aijhass-91 1 6 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 1 7 arts art NOUN aijhass-91 1 8 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 1 9 social social ADJ aijhass-91 1 10 sciences sciences PROPN aijhass-91 1 11 vol vol NOUN aijhass-91 1 12 . . PROPN aijhass-91 2 1 2 2 NUM aijhass-91 2 2 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 2 3 no no INTJ aijhass-91 2 4 . . NOUN aijhass-91 2 5 1 1 NUM aijhass-91 2 6 ; ; PUNCT aijhass-91 2 7 2020 2020 NUM aijhass-91 2 8 issn issn VERB aijhass-91 2 9 2643 2643 NUM aijhass-91 2 10 - - SYM aijhass-91 2 11 0061 0061 NUM aijhass-91 2 12 e e NOUN aijhass-91 2 13 - - PROPN aijhass-91 2 14 issn issn PROPN aijhass-91 2 15 2643 2643 NUM aijhass-91 2 16 - - PUNCT aijhass-91 2 17 010x 010x PROPN aijhass-91 2 18 published publish VERB aijhass-91 2 19 by by ADP aijhass-91 2 20 american american ADJ aijhass-91 2 21 center center PROPN aijhass-91 2 22 of of ADP aijhass-91 2 23 science science NOUN aijhass-91 2 24 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 2 25 education education NOUN aijhass-91 2 26 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 2 27 usa usa PROPN aijhass-91 2 28 38 38 NUM aijhass-91 2 29 implications implication NOUN aijhass-91 2 30 of of ADP aijhass-91 2 31 short short ADJ aijhass-91 2 32 message message NOUN aijhass-91 2 33 service service NOUN aijhass-91 2 34 ( ( PUNCT aijhass-91 2 35 text text NOUN aijhass-91 2 36 messaging messaging NOUN aijhass-91 2 37 ) ) PUNCT aijhass-91 2 38 on on ADP aijhass-91 2 39 english english PROPN aijhass-91 2 40 languge languge PROPN aijhass-91 2 41 writing write VERB aijhass-91 2 42 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 2 43 learning learn VERB aijhass-91 2 44 among among ADP aijhass-91 2 45 secondary secondary ADJ aijhass-91 2 46 school school NOUN aijhass-91 2 47 students student NOUN aijhass-91 2 48 : : PUNCT aijhass-91 2 49 a a DET aijhass-91 2 50 case case NOUN aijhass-91 2 51 study study NOUN aijhass-91 2 52 of of ADP aijhass-91 2 53 some some DET aijhass-91 2 54 selected select VERB aijhass-91 2 55 secondary secondary ADJ aijhass-91 2 56 schools school NOUN aijhass-91 2 57 in in ADP aijhass-91 2 58 olorunda olorunda ADJ aijhass-91 2 59 local local ADJ aijhass-91 2 60 government government NOUN aijhass-91 2 61 area area NOUN aijhass-91 2 62 of of ADP aijhass-91 2 63 osun osun PROPN aijhass-91 2 64 state state PROPN aijhass-91 2 65 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 2 66 nigeria nigeria PROPN aijhass-91 2 67 atoyebi atoyebi PROPN aijhass-91 2 68 adeola adeola PROPN aijhass-91 2 69 olusegun olusegun PROPN aijhass-91 2 70 department department PROPN aijhass-91 2 71 of of ADP aijhass-91 2 72 educational educational ADJ aijhass-91 2 73 foundations foundation NOUN aijhass-91 2 74 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 2 75 counselling counselling NOUN aijhass-91 2 76 obafemi obafemi ADP aijhass-91 2 77 awolowo awolowo PROPN aijhass-91 2 78 university university PROPN aijhass-91 2 79 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 2 80 ile ile PROPN aijhass-91 2 81 - - PUNCT aijhass-91 2 82 ife ife PROPN aijhass-91 2 83 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 2 84 nigeria nigeria PROPN aijhass-91 2 85 e e NOUN aijhass-91 2 86 - - NOUN aijhass-91 2 87 mail mail NOUN aijhass-91 2 88 : : PUNCT aijhass-91 2 89 adeola671@gmail.com adeola671@gmail.com X aijhass-91 3 1 adesina adesina PROPN aijhass-91 3 2 taiwo taiwo PROPN aijhass-91 3 3 rebecca rebecca PROPN aijhass-91 3 4 department department PROPN aijhass-91 3 5 of of ADP aijhass-91 3 6 educational educational ADJ aijhass-91 3 7 foundations foundation NOUN aijhass-91 3 8 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 3 9 counselling counselling NOUN aijhass-91 3 10 obafemi obafemi ADP aijhass-91 3 11 awolowo awolowo PROPN aijhass-91 3 12 university university PROPN aijhass-91 3 13 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 3 14 ile ile PROPN aijhass-91 3 15 - - PUNCT aijhass-91 3 16 ife ife PROPN aijhass-91 3 17 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 3 18 nigeria nigeria PROPN aijhass-91 3 19 abstract abstract ADV aijhass-91 3 20 the the DET aijhass-91 3 21 study study NOUN aijhass-91 3 22 investigated investigate VERB aijhass-91 3 23 commonly commonly ADV aijhass-91 3 24 used use VERB aijhass-91 3 25 abbreviated abbreviate VERB aijhass-91 3 26 words word NOUN aijhass-91 3 27 among among ADP aijhass-91 3 28 the the DET aijhass-91 3 29 sampled sample VERB aijhass-91 3 30 population population NOUN aijhass-91 3 31 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 4 1 it it PRON aijhass-91 4 2 also also ADV aijhass-91 4 3 determined determine VERB aijhass-91 4 4 the the DET aijhass-91 4 5 difference difference NOUN aijhass-91 4 6 between between ADP aijhass-91 4 7 those those DET aijhass-91 4 8 that that PRON aijhass-91 4 9 abbreviated abbreviate VERB aijhass-91 4 10 words word NOUN aijhass-91 4 11 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 4 12 those those PRON aijhass-91 4 13 that that PRON aijhass-91 4 14 did do AUX aijhass-91 4 15 not not PART aijhass-91 4 16 abbreviated abbreviate VERB aijhass-91 4 17 words word NOUN aijhass-91 4 18 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 5 1 the the DET aijhass-91 5 2 study study NOUN aijhass-91 5 3 revealed reveal VERB aijhass-91 5 4 the the DET aijhass-91 5 5 list list NOUN aijhass-91 5 6 of of ADP aijhass-91 5 7 abbreviated abbreviate VERB aijhass-91 5 8 words word NOUN aijhass-91 5 9 in in ADP aijhass-91 5 10 the the DET aijhass-91 5 11 study study NOUN aijhass-91 5 12 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 6 1 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 6 2 also also ADV aijhass-91 6 3 ascertained ascertain VERB aijhass-91 6 4 which which DET aijhass-91 6 5 gender gender NOUN aijhass-91 6 6 abbreviated abbreviate VERB aijhass-91 6 7 words word NOUN aijhass-91 6 8 most most ADV aijhass-91 6 9 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 7 1 these these PRON aijhass-91 7 2 were be AUX aijhass-91 7 3 with with ADP aijhass-91 7 4 a a DET aijhass-91 7 5 view view NOUN aijhass-91 7 6 to to PART aijhass-91 7 7 provide provide VERB aijhass-91 7 8 information information NOUN aijhass-91 7 9 on on ADP aijhass-91 7 10 the the DET aijhass-91 7 11 implications implication NOUN aijhass-91 7 12 of of ADP aijhass-91 7 13 sms sms NOUN aijhass-91 7 14 language language NOUN aijhass-91 7 15 on on ADP aijhass-91 7 16 english english ADJ aijhass-91 7 17 language language NOUN aijhass-91 7 18 writing writing NOUN aijhass-91 7 19 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 7 20 learning learning NOUN aijhass-91 7 21 of of ADP aijhass-91 7 22 the the DET aijhass-91 7 23 students student NOUN aijhass-91 7 24 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 8 1 the the DET aijhass-91 8 2 study study NOUN aijhass-91 8 3 adopted adopt VERB aijhass-91 8 4 quantitative quantitative ADJ aijhass-91 8 5 survey survey NOUN aijhass-91 8 6 research research NOUN aijhass-91 8 7 design design NOUN aijhass-91 8 8 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 9 1 the the DET aijhass-91 9 2 population population NOUN aijhass-91 9 3 for for ADP aijhass-91 9 4 the the DET aijhass-91 9 5 study study NOUN aijhass-91 9 6 comprised comprise VERB aijhass-91 9 7 83 83 NUM aijhass-91 9 8 senior senior ADJ aijhass-91 9 9 secondary secondary ADJ aijhass-91 9 10 school school NOUN aijhass-91 9 11 students student NOUN aijhass-91 9 12 in in ADP aijhass-91 9 13 olorunda olorunda ADJ aijhass-91 9 14 local local ADJ aijhass-91 9 15 government government NOUN aijhass-91 9 16 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 9 17 osun osun PROPN aijhass-91 9 18 state state PROPN aijhass-91 9 19 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 10 1 the the DET aijhass-91 10 2 sample sample NOUN aijhass-91 10 3 size size NOUN aijhass-91 10 4 comprised comprise VERB aijhass-91 10 5 100 100 NUM aijhass-91 10 6 respondents respondent NOUN aijhass-91 10 7 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 10 8 selected select VERB aijhass-91 10 9 using use VERB aijhass-91 10 10 multistage multistage NOUN aijhass-91 10 11 sampling sample VERB aijhass-91 10 12 technique technique NOUN aijhass-91 10 13 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 11 1 one one NUM aijhass-91 11 2 local local ADJ aijhass-91 11 3 government government NOUN aijhass-91 11 4 area area NOUN aijhass-91 11 5 ( ( PUNCT aijhass-91 11 6 lga lga NOUN aijhass-91 11 7 ) ) PUNCT aijhass-91 11 8 was be AUX aijhass-91 11 9 selected select VERB aijhass-91 11 10 from from ADP aijhass-91 11 11 thirty thirty NUM aijhass-91 11 12 local local ADJ aijhass-91 11 13 governments government NOUN aijhass-91 11 14 in in ADP aijhass-91 11 15 the the DET aijhass-91 11 16 state state NOUN aijhass-91 11 17 using use VERB aijhass-91 11 18 simple simple ADJ aijhass-91 11 19 random random ADJ aijhass-91 11 20 sampling sampling NOUN aijhass-91 11 21 technique technique NOUN aijhass-91 11 22 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 12 1 from from ADP aijhass-91 12 2 the the DET aijhass-91 12 3 lga lga NOUN aijhass-91 12 4 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 12 5 four four NUM aijhass-91 12 6 senior senior ADJ aijhass-91 12 7 secondary secondary ADJ aijhass-91 12 8 school school NOUN aijhass-91 12 9 was be AUX aijhass-91 12 10 selected select VERB aijhass-91 12 11 using use VERB aijhass-91 12 12 simple simple ADJ aijhass-91 12 13 random random ADJ aijhass-91 12 14 sampling sampling NOUN aijhass-91 12 15 technique technique NOUN aijhass-91 12 16 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 12 17 from from ADP aijhass-91 12 18 each each DET aijhass-91 12 19 school school NOUN aijhass-91 12 20 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 12 21 25 25 NUM aijhass-91 12 22 students student NOUN aijhass-91 12 23 were be AUX aijhass-91 12 24 selected select VERB aijhass-91 12 25 from from ADP aijhass-91 12 26 senior senior ADJ aijhass-91 12 27 secondary secondary ADJ aijhass-91 12 28 school school NOUN aijhass-91 12 29 ii ii NOUN aijhass-91 12 30 using use VERB aijhass-91 12 31 simple simple ADJ aijhass-91 12 32 random random ADJ aijhass-91 12 33 sampling sampling NOUN aijhass-91 12 34 technique technique NOUN aijhass-91 12 35 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 13 1 the the DET aijhass-91 13 2 students student NOUN aijhass-91 13 3 were be AUX aijhass-91 13 4 taught teach VERB aijhass-91 13 5 for for ADP aijhass-91 13 6 forty forty NUM aijhass-91 13 7 minutes minute NOUN aijhass-91 13 8 on on ADP aijhass-91 13 9 how how SCONJ aijhass-91 13 10 to to PART aijhass-91 13 11 write write VERB aijhass-91 13 12 a a DET aijhass-91 13 13 letter letter NOUN aijhass-91 13 14 devoid devoid ADJ aijhass-91 13 15 of of ADP aijhass-91 13 16 using use VERB aijhass-91 13 17 abbreviated abbreviate VERB aijhass-91 13 18 words word NOUN aijhass-91 13 19 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 13 20 after after ADP aijhass-91 13 21 the the DET aijhass-91 13 22 lesson lesson NOUN aijhass-91 13 23 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 13 24 the the DET aijhass-91 13 25 students student NOUN aijhass-91 13 26 were be AUX aijhass-91 13 27 asked ask VERB aijhass-91 13 28 to to PART aijhass-91 13 29 write write VERB aijhass-91 13 30 a a DET aijhass-91 13 31 letter letter NOUN aijhass-91 13 32 to to ADP aijhass-91 13 33 their their PRON aijhass-91 13 34 father father NOUN aijhass-91 13 35 informing inform VERB aijhass-91 13 36 him he PRON aijhass-91 13 37 about about ADP aijhass-91 13 38 social social ADJ aijhass-91 13 39 amenities amenity NOUN aijhass-91 13 40 in in ADP aijhass-91 13 41 your your PRON aijhass-91 13 42 school school NOUN aijhass-91 13 43 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 14 1 those those DET aijhass-91 14 2 letters letter NOUN aijhass-91 14 3 were be AUX aijhass-91 14 4 collected collect VERB aijhass-91 14 5 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 14 6 marked mark VERB aijhass-91 14 7 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 14 8 converted convert VERB aijhass-91 14 9 to to ADP aijhass-91 14 10 data datum NOUN aijhass-91 14 11 for for ADP aijhass-91 14 12 this this DET aijhass-91 14 13 study study NOUN aijhass-91 14 14 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 15 1 data datum NOUN aijhass-91 15 2 collected collect VERB aijhass-91 15 3 was be AUX aijhass-91 15 4 analyzed analyze VERB aijhass-91 15 5 using use VERB aijhass-91 15 6 simple simple ADJ aijhass-91 15 7 percentages percentage NOUN aijhass-91 15 8 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 16 1 those those DET aijhass-91 16 2 letter letter NOUN aijhass-91 16 3 were be AUX aijhass-91 16 4 collected collect VERB aijhass-91 16 5 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 16 6 marked mark VERB aijhass-91 16 7 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 16 8 converted convert VERB aijhass-91 16 9 to to ADP aijhass-91 16 10 data datum NOUN aijhass-91 16 11 for for ADP aijhass-91 16 12 this this DET aijhass-91 16 13 study study NOUN aijhass-91 16 14 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 17 1 the the DET aijhass-91 17 2 result result NOUN aijhass-91 17 3 showed show VERB aijhass-91 17 4 commonly commonly ADV aijhass-91 17 5 used use VERB aijhass-91 17 6 abbreviated abbreviate VERB aijhass-91 17 7 words word NOUN aijhass-91 17 8 by by ADP aijhass-91 17 9 the the DET aijhass-91 17 10 respondents respondent NOUN aijhass-91 17 11 such such ADJ aijhass-91 17 12 as as ADP aijhass-91 17 13 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 17 14 pls pls INTJ aijhass-91 17 15 ( ( PUNCT aijhass-91 17 16 please please INTJ aijhass-91 17 17 ) ) PUNCT aijhass-91 17 18 9 9 NUM aijhass-91 17 19 times time NOUN aijhass-91 17 20 by by ADP aijhass-91 17 21 9 9 NUM aijhass-91 17 22 students student NOUN aijhass-91 17 23 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 17 24 u u NOUN aijhass-91 17 25 ( ( PUNCT aijhass-91 17 26 you you PRON aijhass-91 17 27 ) ) PUNCT aijhass-91 17 28 26 26 NUM aijhass-91 17 29 times time NOUN aijhass-91 17 30 by by ADP aijhass-91 17 31 10 10 NUM aijhass-91 17 32 students student NOUN aijhass-91 17 33 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 17 34 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 17 35 fyn fyn PROPN aijhass-91 17 36 ( ( PUNCT aijhass-91 17 37 fine fine ADJ aijhass-91 17 38 ) ) PUNCT aijhass-91 17 39 5 5 NUM aijhass-91 17 40 times time NOUN aijhass-91 17 41 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 17 42 so so ADV aijhass-91 17 43 on on ADV aijhass-91 17 44 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 18 1 the the DET aijhass-91 18 2 result result NOUN aijhass-91 18 3 also also ADV aijhass-91 18 4 revealed reveal VERB aijhass-91 18 5 51 51 NUM aijhass-91 18 6 students student NOUN aijhass-91 18 7 ( ( PUNCT aijhass-91 18 8 representing represent VERB aijhass-91 18 9 61.4 61.4 NUM aijhass-91 18 10 % % NOUN aijhass-91 18 11 ) ) PUNCT aijhass-91 18 12 did do AUX aijhass-91 18 13 not not PART aijhass-91 18 14 abbreviated abbreviate VERB aijhass-91 18 15 words word NOUN aijhass-91 18 16 in in ADP aijhass-91 18 17 the the DET aijhass-91 18 18 letter letter NOUN aijhass-91 18 19 writing writing NOUN aijhass-91 18 20 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 18 21 32 32 NUM aijhass-91 18 22 students student NOUN aijhass-91 18 23 ( ( PUNCT aijhass-91 18 24 representing represent VERB aijhass-91 18 25 38.6 38.6 NUM aijhass-91 18 26 % % NOUN aijhass-91 18 27 ) ) PUNCT aijhass-91 18 28 abbreviated abbreviate VERB aijhass-91 18 29 words word NOUN aijhass-91 18 30 in in ADP aijhass-91 18 31 the the DET aijhass-91 18 32 letter letter NOUN aijhass-91 18 33 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 19 1 the the DET aijhass-91 19 2 result result NOUN aijhass-91 19 3 showed show VERB aijhass-91 19 4 that that SCONJ aijhass-91 19 5 female female ADJ aijhass-91 19 6 gender gender NOUN aijhass-91 19 7 was be AUX aijhass-91 19 8 the the DET aijhass-91 19 9 gender gender NOUN aijhass-91 19 10 that that PRON aijhass-91 19 11 abbreviated abbreviate VERB aijhass-91 19 12 words word NOUN aijhass-91 19 13 most most ADV aijhass-91 19 14 in in ADP aijhass-91 19 15 the the DET aijhass-91 19 16 letter letter NOUN aijhass-91 19 17 with with ADP aijhass-91 19 18 49 49 NUM aijhass-91 19 19 % % NOUN aijhass-91 19 20 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 19 21 male male NOUN aijhass-91 19 22 with with ADP aijhass-91 19 23 35 35 NUM aijhass-91 19 24 % % NOUN aijhass-91 19 25 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 20 1 lastly lastly ADV aijhass-91 20 2 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 20 3 the the DET aijhass-91 20 4 result result NOUN aijhass-91 20 5 also also ADV aijhass-91 20 6 revealed reveal VERB aijhass-91 20 7 percentage percentage NOUN aijhass-91 20 8 of of ADP aijhass-91 20 9 students student NOUN aijhass-91 20 10 that that PRON aijhass-91 20 11 used use VERB aijhass-91 20 12 abbreviated abbreviate VERB aijhass-91 20 13 words word NOUN aijhass-91 20 14 38.6 38.6 NUM aijhass-91 20 15 % % NOUN aijhass-91 20 16 of of ADP aijhass-91 20 17 the the DET aijhass-91 20 18 students student NOUN aijhass-91 20 19 used use VERB aijhass-91 20 20 abbreviated abbreviate VERB aijhass-91 20 21 words word NOUN aijhass-91 20 22 while while SCONJ aijhass-91 20 23 61.4 61.4 NUM aijhass-91 20 24 % % NOUN aijhass-91 20 25 of of ADP aijhass-91 20 26 the the DET aijhass-91 20 27 100 100 NUM aijhass-91 20 28 % % NOUN aijhass-91 20 29 total total ADJ aijhass-91 20 30 population population NOUN aijhass-91 20 31 did do AUX aijhass-91 20 32 not not PART aijhass-91 20 33 used use VERB aijhass-91 20 34 abbreviated abbreviate VERB aijhass-91 20 35 words word NOUN aijhass-91 20 36 the the DET aijhass-91 20 37 study study NOUN aijhass-91 20 38 concluded conclude VERB aijhass-91 20 39 that that SCONJ aijhass-91 20 40 use use NOUN aijhass-91 20 41 of of ADP aijhass-91 20 42 abbreviated abbreviate VERB aijhass-91 20 43 words word NOUN aijhass-91 20 44 did do AUX aijhass-91 20 45 not not PART aijhass-91 20 46 have have VERB aijhass-91 20 47 effect effect NOUN aijhass-91 20 48 on on ADP aijhass-91 20 49 english english ADJ aijhass-91 20 50 language language NOUN aijhass-91 20 51 learning learning NOUN aijhass-91 20 52 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 20 53 writing write VERB aijhass-91 20 54 among among ADP aijhass-91 20 55 secondary secondary ADJ aijhass-91 20 56 school school NOUN aijhass-91 20 57 students student NOUN aijhass-91 20 58 in in ADP aijhass-91 20 59 olorunda olorunda ADJ aijhass-91 20 60 local local ADJ aijhass-91 20 61 government government NOUN aijhass-91 20 62 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 20 63 osun osun PROPN aijhass-91 20 64 state state PROPN aijhass-91 20 65 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 21 1 keywords keyword NOUN aijhass-91 21 2 : : PUNCT aijhass-91 21 3 english english ADJ aijhass-91 21 4 language language NOUN aijhass-91 21 5 learning learning NOUN aijhass-91 21 6 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 21 7 short short ADJ aijhass-91 21 8 message message NOUN aijhass-91 21 9 service service NOUN aijhass-91 21 10 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 22 1 1 1 X aijhass-91 22 2 . . X aijhass-91 22 3 introduction introduction NOUN aijhass-91 22 4 1.1 1.1 NUM aijhass-91 22 5 background background NOUN aijhass-91 22 6 to to ADP aijhass-91 22 7 the the DET aijhass-91 22 8 study study NOUN aijhass-91 22 9 the the DET aijhass-91 22 10 school school NOUN aijhass-91 22 11 is be AUX aijhass-91 22 12 a a DET aijhass-91 22 13 formal formal ADJ aijhass-91 22 14 organization organization NOUN aijhass-91 22 15 established establish VERB aijhass-91 22 16 for for ADP aijhass-91 22 17 the the DET aijhass-91 22 18 teaching teaching NOUN aijhass-91 22 19 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 22 20 learning learning NOUN aijhass-91 22 21 of of ADP aijhass-91 22 22 reading reading NOUN aijhass-91 22 23 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 22 24 writing writing NOUN aijhass-91 22 25 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 22 26 numeracy numeracy NOUN aijhass-91 22 27 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 22 28 communicative communicative ADJ aijhass-91 22 29 skills skill NOUN aijhass-91 22 30 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 23 1 secondary secondary ADJ aijhass-91 23 2 school school NOUN aijhass-91 23 3 education education NOUN aijhass-91 23 4 is be AUX aijhass-91 23 5 education education NOUN aijhass-91 23 6 between between ADP aijhass-91 23 7 primary primary ADJ aijhass-91 23 8 education education NOUN aijhass-91 23 9 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 23 10 tertiary tertiary ADJ aijhass-91 23 11 education education NOUN aijhass-91 23 12 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 24 1 all all DET aijhass-91 24 2 students student NOUN aijhass-91 24 3 must must AUX aijhass-91 24 4 pass pass VERB aijhass-91 24 5 through through ADP aijhass-91 24 6 secondary secondary ADJ aijhass-91 24 7 school school NOUN aijhass-91 24 8 education education NOUN aijhass-91 24 9 before before SCONJ aijhass-91 24 10 he he PRON aijhass-91 24 11 or or CCONJ aijhass-91 24 12 she she PRON aijhass-91 24 13 can can AUX aijhass-91 24 14 gain gain VERB aijhass-91 24 15 admission admission NOUN aijhass-91 24 16 into into ADP aijhass-91 24 17 tertiary tertiary ADJ aijhass-91 24 18 institution institution NOUN aijhass-91 24 19 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 25 1 the the DET aijhass-91 25 2 federal federal PROPN aijhass-91 25 3 republic republic PROPN aijhass-91 25 4 of of ADP aijhass-91 25 5 nigeria nigeria PROPN aijhass-91 25 6 ( ( PUNCT aijhass-91 25 7 frn frn PROPN aijhass-91 25 8 ) ) PUNCT aijhass-91 25 9 ( ( PUNCT aijhass-91 25 10 2013 2013 NUM aijhass-91 25 11 ) ) PUNCT aijhass-91 25 12 in in ADP aijhass-91 25 13 the the DET aijhass-91 25 14 national national ADJ aijhass-91 25 15 policy policy NOUN aijhass-91 25 16 of of ADP aijhass-91 25 17 education education NOUN aijhass-91 25 18 recognized recognize VERB aijhass-91 25 19 english english ADJ aijhass-91 25 20 language language NOUN aijhass-91 25 21 as as ADP aijhass-91 25 22 a a DET aijhass-91 25 23 compulsory compulsory ADJ aijhass-91 25 24 cross cross ADJ aijhass-91 25 25 - - ADJ aijhass-91 25 26 cutting cutting ADJ aijhass-91 25 27 subject subject NOUN aijhass-91 25 28 along along ADP aijhass-91 25 29 with with ADP aijhass-91 25 30 other other ADJ aijhass-91 25 31 subjects subject NOUN aijhass-91 25 32 namely namely ADV aijhass-91 25 33 : : PUNCT aijhass-91 25 34 general general ADJ aijhass-91 25 35 mathematics mathematic NOUN aijhass-91 25 36 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 25 37 www.acseusa.org/journal/index.php/aijhass www.acseusa.org/journal/index.php/aijhass NOUN aijhass-91 25 38 american american PROPN aijhass-91 25 39 international international PROPN aijhass-91 25 40 journal journal PROPN aijhass-91 25 41 of of ADP aijhass-91 25 42 humanities humanity NOUN aijhass-91 25 43 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 25 44 arts art NOUN aijhass-91 25 45 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 25 46 social social ADJ aijhass-91 25 47 sciences sciences PROPN aijhass-91 25 48 vol vol NOUN aijhass-91 25 49 . . PROPN aijhass-91 26 1 2 2 NUM aijhass-91 26 2 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 26 3 no no INTJ aijhass-91 26 4 . . NOUN aijhass-91 26 5 1 1 NUM aijhass-91 26 6 ; ; PUNCT aijhass-91 26 7 2020 2020 NUM aijhass-91 26 8 39 39 NUM aijhass-91 26 9 trade trade NOUN aijhass-91 26 10 / / SYM aijhass-91 26 11 entrepreneurship entrepreneurship NOUN aijhass-91 26 12 subject subject NOUN aijhass-91 26 13 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 26 14 civic civic ADJ aijhass-91 26 15 education education NOUN aijhass-91 26 16 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 27 1 therefore therefore ADV aijhass-91 27 2 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 27 3 english english ADJ aijhass-91 27 4 language language NOUN aijhass-91 27 5 has have AUX aijhass-91 27 6 remained remain VERB aijhass-91 27 7 a a DET aijhass-91 27 8 medium medium NOUN aijhass-91 27 9 of of ADP aijhass-91 27 10 instruction instruction NOUN aijhass-91 27 11 for for ADP aijhass-91 27 12 all all DET aijhass-91 27 13 subjects subject NOUN aijhass-91 27 14 from from ADP aijhass-91 27 15 basic basic ADJ aijhass-91 27 16 levels level NOUN aijhass-91 27 17 to to ADP aijhass-91 27 18 tertiary tertiary ADJ aijhass-91 27 19 level level NOUN aijhass-91 27 20 in in ADP aijhass-91 27 21 nigeria nigeria PROPN aijhass-91 27 22 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 27 23 other other ADJ aijhass-91 27 24 countries country NOUN aijhass-91 27 25 in in ADP aijhass-91 27 26 the the DET aijhass-91 27 27 west west ADJ aijhass-91 27 28 - - PUNCT aijhass-91 27 29 african african ADJ aijhass-91 27 30 subregion subregion NOUN aijhass-91 27 31 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 28 1 consequently consequently ADV aijhass-91 28 2 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 28 3 english english ADJ aijhass-91 28 4 language language NOUN aijhass-91 28 5 has have AUX aijhass-91 28 6 remained remain VERB aijhass-91 28 7 the the DET aijhass-91 28 8 official official ADJ aijhass-91 28 9 language language NOUN aijhass-91 28 10 of of ADP aijhass-91 28 11 communication communication NOUN aijhass-91 28 12 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 28 13 instruction instruction NOUN aijhass-91 28 14 for for ADP aijhass-91 28 15 all all DET aijhass-91 28 16 subjects subject NOUN aijhass-91 28 17 from from ADP aijhass-91 28 18 basic basic ADJ aijhass-91 28 19 to to ADP aijhass-91 28 20 tertiary tertiary ADJ aijhass-91 28 21 levels level NOUN aijhass-91 28 22 in in ADP aijhass-91 28 23 nigeria nigeria PROPN aijhass-91 28 24 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 28 25 many many ADJ aijhass-91 28 26 other other ADJ aijhass-91 28 27 countries country NOUN aijhass-91 28 28 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 29 1 it it PRON aijhass-91 29 2 is be AUX aijhass-91 29 3 a a DET aijhass-91 29 4 core core NOUN aijhass-91 29 5 subject subject NOUN aijhass-91 29 6 that that PRON aijhass-91 29 7 must must AUX aijhass-91 29 8 be be AUX aijhass-91 29 9 offered offer VERB aijhass-91 29 10 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 29 11 passed pass VERB aijhass-91 29 12 ( ( PUNCT aijhass-91 29 13 with with ADP aijhass-91 29 14 a a DET aijhass-91 29 15 minimum minimum NOUN aijhass-91 29 16 of of ADP aijhass-91 29 17 a a DET aijhass-91 29 18 credit credit NOUN aijhass-91 29 19 ) ) PUNCT aijhass-91 29 20 at at ADP aijhass-91 29 21 the the DET aijhass-91 29 22 junior junior ADJ aijhass-91 29 23 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 29 24 senior senior ADJ aijhass-91 29 25 secondary secondary ADJ aijhass-91 29 26 school school NOUN aijhass-91 29 27 level level NOUN aijhass-91 29 28 as as ADP aijhass-91 29 29 a a DET aijhass-91 29 30 prerequisite prerequisite NOUN aijhass-91 29 31 for for ADP aijhass-91 29 32 admission admission NOUN aijhass-91 29 33 to to PART aijhass-91 29 34 study study VERB aijhass-91 29 35 any any DET aijhass-91 29 36 course course NOUN aijhass-91 29 37 in in ADP aijhass-91 29 38 higher high ADJ aijhass-91 29 39 institutions institution NOUN aijhass-91 29 40 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 30 1 the the DET aijhass-91 30 2 knowledge knowledge NOUN aijhass-91 30 3 of of ADP aijhass-91 30 4 english english ADJ aijhass-91 30 5 language language NOUN aijhass-91 30 6 at at ADP aijhass-91 30 7 all all DET aijhass-91 30 8 levels level NOUN aijhass-91 30 9 of of ADP aijhass-91 30 10 education education NOUN aijhass-91 30 11 helps help VERB aijhass-91 30 12 in in ADP aijhass-91 30 13 understanding understand VERB aijhass-91 30 14 other other ADJ aijhass-91 30 15 subjects subject NOUN aijhass-91 30 16 taught teach VERB aijhass-91 30 17 at at ADP aijhass-91 30 18 school school NOUN aijhass-91 30 19 except except SCONJ aijhass-91 30 20 indigenous indigenous ADJ aijhass-91 30 21 languages language NOUN aijhass-91 30 22 like like ADP aijhass-91 30 23 french french PROPN aijhass-91 30 24 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 30 25 yoruba yoruba PROPN aijhass-91 30 26 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 30 27 igbo igbo PROPN aijhass-91 30 28 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 30 29 hausa hausa NOUN aijhass-91 30 30 language language NOUN aijhass-91 30 31 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 31 1 despite despite SCONJ aijhass-91 31 2 the the DET aijhass-91 31 3 laudable laudable ADJ aijhass-91 31 4 importance importance NOUN aijhass-91 31 5 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 31 6 use use NOUN aijhass-91 31 7 of of ADP aijhass-91 31 8 english english ADJ aijhass-91 31 9 language language NOUN aijhass-91 31 10 as as ADP aijhass-91 31 11 a a DET aijhass-91 31 12 medium medium NOUN aijhass-91 31 13 of of ADP aijhass-91 31 14 instruction instruction NOUN aijhass-91 31 15 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 31 16 language language NOUN aijhass-91 31 17 of of ADP aijhass-91 31 18 communication communication NOUN aijhass-91 31 19 in in ADP aijhass-91 31 20 the the DET aijhass-91 31 21 wider wide ADJ aijhass-91 31 22 society society NOUN aijhass-91 31 23 of of ADP aijhass-91 31 24 nigeria nigeria PROPN aijhass-91 31 25 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 31 26 it it PRON aijhass-91 31 27 has have AUX aijhass-91 31 28 been be AUX aijhass-91 31 29 noted note VERB aijhass-91 31 30 that that SCONJ aijhass-91 31 31 english english ADJ aijhass-91 31 32 language language NOUN aijhass-91 31 33 competence competence NOUN aijhass-91 31 34 of of ADP aijhass-91 31 35 the the DET aijhass-91 31 36 nigerian nigerian ADJ aijhass-91 31 37 secondary secondary ADJ aijhass-91 31 38 school school NOUN aijhass-91 31 39 students student NOUN aijhass-91 31 40 has have AUX aijhass-91 31 41 been be AUX aijhass-91 31 42 on on ADP aijhass-91 31 43 a a DET aijhass-91 31 44 steady steady ADJ aijhass-91 31 45 decline decline NOUN aijhass-91 31 46 over over ADP aijhass-91 31 47 the the DET aijhass-91 31 48 years year NOUN aijhass-91 31 49 ( ( PUNCT aijhass-91 31 50 fakeye fakeye NOUN aijhass-91 31 51 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 31 52 2012 2012 NUM aijhass-91 31 53 ) ) PUNCT aijhass-91 31 54 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 32 1 the the DET aijhass-91 32 2 general general ADJ aijhass-91 32 3 weak weak ADJ aijhass-91 32 4 command command NOUN aijhass-91 32 5 of of ADP aijhass-91 32 6 people people NOUN aijhass-91 32 7 in in ADP aijhass-91 32 8 the the DET aijhass-91 32 9 use use NOUN aijhass-91 32 10 of of ADP aijhass-91 32 11 this this DET aijhass-91 32 12 important important ADJ aijhass-91 32 13 language language NOUN aijhass-91 32 14 also also ADV aijhass-91 32 15 reflects reflect VERB aijhass-91 32 16 in in ADP aijhass-91 32 17 the the DET aijhass-91 32 18 day day NOUN aijhass-91 32 19 - - PUNCT aijhass-91 32 20 to to ADP aijhass-91 32 21 - - PUNCT aijhass-91 32 22 day day NOUN aijhass-91 32 23 use use NOUN aijhass-91 32 24 of of ADP aijhass-91 32 25 the the DET aijhass-91 32 26 language language NOUN aijhass-91 32 27 among among ADP aijhass-91 32 28 people people NOUN aijhass-91 32 29 of of ADP aijhass-91 32 30 diverse diverse ADJ aijhass-91 32 31 age age NOUN aijhass-91 32 32 groups group NOUN aijhass-91 32 33 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 32 34 socio socio NOUN aijhass-91 32 35 - - PUNCT aijhass-91 32 36 economic economic ADJ aijhass-91 32 37 status status NOUN aijhass-91 32 38 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 33 1 unfortunately unfortunately ADV aijhass-91 33 2 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 33 3 this this DET aijhass-91 33 4 decline decline NOUN aijhass-91 33 5 is be AUX aijhass-91 33 6 quite quite ADV aijhass-91 33 7 noticeable noticeable ADJ aijhass-91 33 8 in in ADP aijhass-91 33 9 the the DET aijhass-91 33 10 mass mass ADJ aijhass-91 33 11 failure failure NOUN aijhass-91 33 12 of of ADP aijhass-91 33 13 students student NOUN aijhass-91 33 14 in in ADP aijhass-91 33 15 english english ADJ aijhass-91 33 16 language language NOUN aijhass-91 33 17 in in ADP aijhass-91 33 18 public public ADJ aijhass-91 33 19 examinations examination NOUN aijhass-91 33 20 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 33 21 which which PRON aijhass-91 33 22 may may AUX aijhass-91 33 23 be be AUX aijhass-91 33 24 due due ADJ aijhass-91 33 25 to to ADP aijhass-91 33 26 abbreviation abbreviation NOUN aijhass-91 33 27 of of ADP aijhass-91 33 28 words word NOUN aijhass-91 33 29 when when SCONJ aijhass-91 33 30 writing write VERB aijhass-91 33 31 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 34 1 it it PRON aijhass-91 34 2 has have AUX aijhass-91 34 3 been be AUX aijhass-91 34 4 noticed notice VERB aijhass-91 34 5 by by ADP aijhass-91 34 6 researchers researcher NOUN aijhass-91 34 7 that that SCONJ aijhass-91 34 8 the the DET aijhass-91 34 9 report report NOUN aijhass-91 34 10 had have VERB aijhass-91 34 11 it it PRON aijhass-91 34 12 that that SCONJ aijhass-91 34 13 students student NOUN aijhass-91 34 14 failed fail VERB aijhass-91 34 15 english english ADJ aijhass-91 34 16 language language NOUN aijhass-91 34 17 in in ADP aijhass-91 34 18 particular particular ADJ aijhass-91 34 19 because because SCONJ aijhass-91 34 20 of of ADP aijhass-91 34 21 the the DET aijhass-91 34 22 following follow VERB aijhass-91 34 23 deficiencies deficiency NOUN aijhass-91 34 24 such such ADJ aijhass-91 34 25 as as ADP aijhass-91 34 26 weakness weakness NOUN aijhass-91 34 27 in in ADP aijhass-91 34 28 skills skill NOUN aijhass-91 34 29 of of ADP aijhass-91 34 30 writing writing NOUN aijhass-91 34 31 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 34 32 construction construction NOUN aijhass-91 34 33 of of ADP aijhass-91 34 34 loose loose ADJ aijhass-91 34 35 sentences sentence NOUN aijhass-91 34 36 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 34 37 transliteration transliteration NOUN aijhass-91 34 38 from from ADP aijhass-91 34 39 the the DET aijhass-91 34 40 mother mother NOUN aijhass-91 34 41 tongue tongue NOUN aijhass-91 34 42 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 34 43 abbreviation abbreviation NOUN aijhass-91 34 44 of of ADP aijhass-91 34 45 words word NOUN aijhass-91 34 46 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 34 47 abuse abuse NOUN aijhass-91 34 48 of of ADP aijhass-91 34 49 the the DET aijhass-91 34 50 basic basic ADJ aijhass-91 34 51 rules rule NOUN aijhass-91 34 52 of of ADP aijhass-91 34 53 grammar grammar NOUN aijhass-91 34 54 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 35 1 many many ADJ aijhass-91 35 2 candidates candidate NOUN aijhass-91 35 3 scored score VERB aijhass-91 35 4 zero zero NUM aijhass-91 35 5 under under ADP aijhass-91 35 6 mechanical mechanical ADJ aijhass-91 35 7 accuracy accuracy NOUN aijhass-91 35 8 aspect aspect NOUN aijhass-91 35 9 of of ADP aijhass-91 35 10 the the DET aijhass-91 35 11 essay essay NOUN aijhass-91 35 12 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 36 1 candidate candidate NOUN aijhass-91 36 2 ’s ’s PART aijhass-91 36 3 errors error NOUN aijhass-91 36 4 were be AUX aijhass-91 36 5 listed list VERB aijhass-91 36 6 under under ADP aijhass-91 36 7 wrong wrong ADJ aijhass-91 36 8 spellings spelling NOUN aijhass-91 36 9 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 36 10 wrong wrong ADJ aijhass-91 36 11 usage usage NOUN aijhass-91 36 12 of of ADP aijhass-91 36 13 concord concord NOUN aijhass-91 36 14 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 36 15 tense tense ADJ aijhass-91 36 16 usage usage NOUN aijhass-91 36 17 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 36 18 poor poor ADJ aijhass-91 36 19 construction construction NOUN aijhass-91 36 20 of of ADP aijhass-91 36 21 verb verb NOUN aijhass-91 36 22 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 36 23 abbreviation abbreviation NOUN aijhass-91 36 24 of of ADP aijhass-91 36 25 words word NOUN aijhass-91 36 26 in in ADP aijhass-91 36 27 particular particular ADJ aijhass-91 36 28 whereby whereby SCONJ aijhass-91 36 29 the the DET aijhass-91 36 30 examiner examiner NOUN aijhass-91 36 31 ( ( PUNCT aijhass-91 36 32 marker marker NOUN aijhass-91 36 33 ) ) PUNCT aijhass-91 36 34 will will AUX aijhass-91 36 35 not not PART aijhass-91 36 36 understand understand VERB aijhass-91 36 37 what what PRON aijhass-91 36 38 the the DET aijhass-91 36 39 abbreviated abbreviate VERB aijhass-91 36 40 words word NOUN aijhass-91 36 41 means mean VERB aijhass-91 36 42 thereby thereby ADV aijhass-91 36 43 scoring score VERB aijhass-91 36 44 the the DET aijhass-91 36 45 students student NOUN aijhass-91 36 46 zero zero NUM aijhass-91 36 47 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 37 1 these these DET aijhass-91 37 2 unwholesome unwholesome ADJ aijhass-91 37 3 situation situation NOUN aijhass-91 37 4 remained remain VERB aijhass-91 37 5 the the DET aijhass-91 37 6 same same ADJ aijhass-91 37 7 in in ADP aijhass-91 37 8 2009 2009 NUM aijhass-91 37 9 as as ADP aijhass-91 37 10 356,981 356,981 NUM aijhass-91 37 11 ( ( PUNCT aijhass-91 37 12 25.9 25.9 NUM aijhass-91 37 13 % % NOUN aijhass-91 37 14 ) ) PUNCT aijhass-91 37 15 of of ADP aijhass-91 37 16 the the DET aijhass-91 37 17 1,373,009 1,373,009 NUM aijhass-91 37 18 candidates candidate NOUN aijhass-91 37 19 that that PRON aijhass-91 37 20 sat sit VERB aijhass-91 37 21 for for ADP aijhass-91 37 22 wassce wassce ADJ aijhass-91 37 23 made make VERB aijhass-91 37 24 distinctions distinction NOUN aijhass-91 37 25 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 37 26 credit credit NOUN aijhass-91 37 27 grades grade NOUN aijhass-91 37 28 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 38 1 in in ADP aijhass-91 38 2 2010 2010 NUM aijhass-91 38 3 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 38 4 the the DET aijhass-91 38 5 percentage percentage NOUN aijhass-91 38 6 of of ADP aijhass-91 38 7 students student NOUN aijhass-91 38 8 who who PRON aijhass-91 38 9 made make VERB aijhass-91 38 10 distinctions distinction NOUN aijhass-91 38 11 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 38 12 credit credit NOUN aijhass-91 38 13 grades grade NOUN aijhass-91 38 14 in in ADP aijhass-91 38 15 english english PROPN aijhass-91 38 16 dropped drop VERB aijhass-91 38 17 to to ADP aijhass-91 38 18 24.9 24.9 NUM aijhass-91 38 19 % % NOUN aijhass-91 38 20 because because SCONJ aijhass-91 38 21 only only ADV aijhass-91 38 22 337,071 337,071 NUM aijhass-91 38 23 made make VERB aijhass-91 38 24 credit credit NOUN aijhass-91 38 25 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 38 26 distinctions distinction NOUN aijhass-91 38 27 grades grade NOUN aijhass-91 38 28 out out ADP aijhass-91 38 29 of of ADP aijhass-91 38 30 1,351,557 1,351,557 NUM aijhass-91 38 31 candidates candidate NOUN aijhass-91 38 32 that that PRON aijhass-91 38 33 sat sit VERB aijhass-91 38 34 for for ADP aijhass-91 38 35 the the DET aijhass-91 38 36 examination examination NOUN aijhass-91 38 37 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 39 1 the the DET aijhass-91 39 2 chief chief ADJ aijhass-91 39 3 examiner examiner NOUN aijhass-91 39 4 ’s ’s PART aijhass-91 39 5 reported report VERB aijhass-91 39 6 for for ADP aijhass-91 39 7 2009 2009 NUM aijhass-91 39 8 showed show VERB aijhass-91 39 9 that that DET aijhass-91 39 10 failure failure NOUN aijhass-91 39 11 of of ADP aijhass-91 39 12 the the DET aijhass-91 39 13 subject subject NOUN aijhass-91 39 14 was be AUX aijhass-91 39 15 due due ADJ aijhass-91 39 16 to to ADP aijhass-91 39 17 the the DET aijhass-91 39 18 following follow VERB aijhass-91 39 19 problems problem NOUN aijhass-91 39 20 : : PUNCT aijhass-91 39 21 spelling spelling NOUN aijhass-91 39 22 errors error NOUN aijhass-91 39 23 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 39 24 ignorance ignorance NOUN aijhass-91 39 25 of of ADP aijhass-91 39 26 the the DET aijhass-91 39 27 proper proper ADJ aijhass-91 39 28 use use NOUN aijhass-91 39 29 of of ADP aijhass-91 39 30 punctuation punctuation NOUN aijhass-91 39 31 marks mark NOUN aijhass-91 39 32 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 39 33 ignorance ignorance NOUN aijhass-91 39 34 of of ADP aijhass-91 39 35 the the DET aijhass-91 39 36 proper proper ADJ aijhass-91 39 37 use use NOUN aijhass-91 39 38 of of ADP aijhass-91 39 39 capital capital NOUN aijhass-91 39 40 letters letter NOUN aijhass-91 39 41 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 39 42 small small ADJ aijhass-91 39 43 letters letter NOUN aijhass-91 39 44 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 39 45 used use VERB aijhass-91 39 46 of of ADP aijhass-91 39 47 abbreviated abbreviate VERB aijhass-91 39 48 words word NOUN aijhass-91 39 49 in in ADP aijhass-91 39 50 many many ADJ aijhass-91 39 51 parts part NOUN aijhass-91 39 52 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 40 1 others other NOUN aijhass-91 40 2 are be AUX aijhass-91 40 3 ignorance ignorance NOUN aijhass-91 40 4 of of ADP aijhass-91 40 5 the the DET aijhass-91 40 6 difference difference NOUN aijhass-91 40 7 between between ADP aijhass-91 40 8 the the DET aijhass-91 40 9 present present ADJ aijhass-91 40 10 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 40 11 past past ADJ aijhass-91 40 12 tenses tense NOUN aijhass-91 40 13 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 40 14 inability inability NOUN aijhass-91 40 15 to to PART aijhass-91 40 16 re re VERB aijhass-91 40 17 - - VERB aijhass-91 40 18 state state VERB aijhass-91 40 19 the the DET aijhass-91 40 20 ideas idea NOUN aijhass-91 40 21 of of ADP aijhass-91 40 22 a a DET aijhass-91 40 23 passage passage NOUN aijhass-91 40 24 in in ADP aijhass-91 40 25 different different ADJ aijhass-91 40 26 words word NOUN aijhass-91 40 27 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 40 28 expressions expression NOUN aijhass-91 40 29 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 40 30 the the DET aijhass-91 40 31 inability inability NOUN aijhass-91 40 32 to to PART aijhass-91 40 33 identify identify VERB aijhass-91 40 34 parts part NOUN aijhass-91 40 35 of of ADP aijhass-91 40 36 speech speech NOUN aijhass-91 40 37 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 40 38 their their PRON aijhass-91 40 39 functions function NOUN aijhass-91 40 40 in in ADP aijhass-91 40 41 sentences sentence NOUN aijhass-91 40 42 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 41 1 the the DET aijhass-91 41 2 foregoing forego VERB aijhass-91 41 3 remark remark NOUN aijhass-91 41 4 by by ADP aijhass-91 41 5 the the DET aijhass-91 41 6 chief chief ADJ aijhass-91 41 7 examiner examiner NOUN aijhass-91 41 8 suggested suggest VERB aijhass-91 41 9 that that SCONJ aijhass-91 41 10 spelling spelling NOUN aijhass-91 41 11 errors error NOUN aijhass-91 41 12 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 41 13 ignorance ignorance NOUN aijhass-91 41 14 of of ADP aijhass-91 41 15 the the DET aijhass-91 41 16 proper proper ADJ aijhass-91 41 17 use use NOUN aijhass-91 41 18 of of ADP aijhass-91 41 19 punctuation punctuation NOUN aijhass-91 41 20 marks mark NOUN aijhass-91 41 21 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 41 22 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 41 23 ignorance ignorance NOUN aijhass-91 41 24 of of ADP aijhass-91 41 25 the the DET aijhass-91 41 26 proper proper ADJ aijhass-91 41 27 use use NOUN aijhass-91 41 28 of of ADP aijhass-91 41 29 capital capital NOUN aijhass-91 41 30 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 41 31 small small ADJ aijhass-91 41 32 letters letter NOUN aijhass-91 41 33 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 41 34 abbreviation abbreviation NOUN aijhass-91 41 35 of of ADP aijhass-91 41 36 words word NOUN aijhass-91 41 37 can can AUX aijhass-91 41 38 be be AUX aijhass-91 41 39 attributed attribute VERB aijhass-91 41 40 to to ADP aijhass-91 41 41 various various ADJ aijhass-91 41 42 limiting limit VERB aijhass-91 41 43 factors factor NOUN aijhass-91 41 44 that that PRON aijhass-91 41 45 students student NOUN aijhass-91 41 46 often often ADV aijhass-91 41 47 hold hold VERB aijhass-91 41 48 tightly tightly ADV aijhass-91 41 49 to to ADP aijhass-91 41 50 over over ADP aijhass-91 41 51 the the DET aijhass-91 41 52 years year NOUN aijhass-91 41 53 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 42 1 these these DET aijhass-91 42 2 limiting limit VERB aijhass-91 42 3 factors factor NOUN aijhass-91 42 4 include include VERB aijhass-91 42 5 but but CCONJ aijhass-91 42 6 are be AUX aijhass-91 42 7 not not PART aijhass-91 42 8 limited limit VERB aijhass-91 42 9 to to PART aijhass-91 42 10 use use VERB aijhass-91 42 11 of of ADP aijhass-91 42 12 slangy slangy ADJ aijhass-91 42 13 languages language NOUN aijhass-91 42 14 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 42 15 pidgin pidgin VERB aijhass-91 42 16 english english PROPN aijhass-91 42 17 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 42 18 even even ADV aijhass-91 42 19 the the DET aijhass-91 42 20 recent recent ADJ aijhass-91 42 21 short short ADJ aijhass-91 42 22 message message NOUN aijhass-91 42 23 service service NOUN aijhass-91 42 24 ( ( PUNCT aijhass-91 42 25 sms sms PROPN aijhass-91 42 26 ) ) PUNCT aijhass-91 42 27 texting texte VERB aijhass-91 42 28 language language NOUN aijhass-91 42 29 style style NOUN aijhass-91 42 30 that that PRON aijhass-91 42 31 unconsciously unconsciously ADV aijhass-91 42 32 interferes interfere VERB aijhass-91 42 33 with with ADP aijhass-91 42 34 ones one NOUN aijhass-91 42 35 spellings spelling NOUN aijhass-91 42 36 in in ADP aijhass-91 42 37 formal formal ADJ aijhass-91 42 38 writings writing NOUN aijhass-91 42 39 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 43 1 short short ADJ aijhass-91 43 2 messaging messaging NOUN aijhass-91 43 3 service service NOUN aijhass-91 43 4 ( ( PUNCT aijhass-91 43 5 sms sms PROPN aijhass-91 43 6 ) ) PUNCT aijhass-91 43 7 texting texting NOUN aijhass-91 43 8 is be AUX aijhass-91 43 9 a a DET aijhass-91 43 10 practice practice NOUN aijhass-91 43 11 that that PRON aijhass-91 43 12 involves involve VERB aijhass-91 43 13 the the DET aijhass-91 43 14 sending sending NOUN aijhass-91 43 15 of of ADP aijhass-91 43 16 messages message NOUN aijhass-91 43 17 through through ADP aijhass-91 43 18 the the DET aijhass-91 43 19 short short ADJ aijhass-91 43 20 messaging messaging NOUN aijhass-91 43 21 service service NOUN aijhass-91 43 22 ( ( PUNCT aijhass-91 43 23 sms sms PROPN aijhass-91 43 24 ) ) PUNCT aijhass-91 43 25 of of ADP aijhass-91 43 26 a a DET aijhass-91 43 27 mobile mobile ADJ aijhass-91 43 28 phone phone NOUN aijhass-91 43 29 using use VERB aijhass-91 43 30 abbreviated abbreviate VERB aijhass-91 43 31 words word NOUN aijhass-91 43 32 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 43 33 sentences sentence NOUN aijhass-91 43 34 shortened shorten VERB aijhass-91 43 35 into into ADP aijhass-91 43 36 alphanumeric alphanumeric ADJ aijhass-91 43 37 formats format NOUN aijhass-91 43 38 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 44 1 it it PRON aijhass-91 44 2 is be AUX aijhass-91 44 3 a a DET aijhass-91 44 4 general general ADJ aijhass-91 44 5 term term NOUN aijhass-91 44 6 that that PRON aijhass-91 44 7 is be AUX aijhass-91 44 8 used use VERB aijhass-91 44 9 to to PART aijhass-91 44 10 refer refer VERB aijhass-91 44 11 to to ADP aijhass-91 44 12 the the DET aijhass-91 44 13 short short ADJ aijhass-91 44 14 written write VERB aijhass-91 44 15 messages message NOUN aijhass-91 44 16 usually usually ADV aijhass-91 44 17 sent send VERB aijhass-91 44 18 through through ADP aijhass-91 44 19 phone phone NOUN aijhass-91 44 20 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 44 21 other other ADJ aijhass-91 44 22 portable portable ADJ aijhass-91 44 23 devices device NOUN aijhass-91 44 24 via via ADP aijhass-91 44 25 a a DET aijhass-91 44 26 telecommunication telecommunication NOUN aijhass-91 44 27 network network NOUN aijhass-91 44 28 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 45 1 sms sms PROPN aijhass-91 45 2 according accord VERB aijhass-91 45 3 to to ADP aijhass-91 45 4 oladoye oladoye NOUN aijhass-91 45 5 ( ( PUNCT aijhass-91 45 6 2011 2011 NUM aijhass-91 45 7 ) ) PUNCT aijhass-91 45 8 was be AUX aijhass-91 45 9 first first ADV aijhass-91 45 10 used use VERB aijhass-91 45 11 in in ADP aijhass-91 45 12 december december PROPN aijhass-91 45 13 1992 1992 NUM aijhass-91 45 14 by by ADP aijhass-91 45 15 a a DET aijhass-91 45 16 22 22 NUM aijhass-91 45 17 - - PUNCT aijhass-91 45 18 year year NOUN aijhass-91 45 19 old old ADJ aijhass-91 45 20 named name VERB aijhass-91 45 21 neil neil PROPN aijhass-91 45 22 papworth papworth PROPN aijhass-91 45 23 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 46 1 he he PRON aijhass-91 46 2 says say VERB aijhass-91 46 3 that that SCONJ aijhass-91 46 4 the the DET aijhass-91 46 5 concept concept NOUN aijhass-91 46 6 of of ADP aijhass-91 46 7 sms sms PROPN aijhass-91 46 8 was be AUX aijhass-91 46 9 developed develop VERB aijhass-91 46 10 by by ADP aijhass-91 46 11 friedhelm friedhelm ADJ aijhass-91 46 12 hillebrand hillebrand NOUN aijhass-91 46 13 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 46 14 bernard bernard NOUN aijhass-91 46 15 ghillebaert ghillebaert PROPN aijhass-91 46 16 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 46 17 oculy oculy ADJ aijhass-91 46 18 silaban silaban NOUN aijhass-91 46 19 in in ADP aijhass-91 46 20 1984 1984 NUM aijhass-91 46 21 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 46 22 in in ADP aijhass-91 46 23 the the DET aijhass-91 46 24 franco franco NOUN aijhass-91 46 25 - - PUNCT aijhass-91 46 26 german german ADJ aijhass-91 46 27 gsm gsm NOUN aijhass-91 46 28 cooperation cooperation NOUN aijhass-91 46 29 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 47 1 since since SCONJ aijhass-91 47 2 the the DET aijhass-91 47 3 invention invention NOUN aijhass-91 47 4 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 47 5 the the DET aijhass-91 47 6 mobile mobile ADJ aijhass-91 47 7 telephone telephone NOUN aijhass-91 47 8 has have AUX aijhass-91 47 9 been be AUX aijhass-91 47 10 the the DET aijhass-91 47 11 latest late ADJ aijhass-91 47 12 way way NOUN aijhass-91 47 13 to to PART aijhass-91 47 14 communicate communicate VERB aijhass-91 47 15 quickly quickly ADV aijhass-91 47 16 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 48 1 sms sms PROPN aijhass-91 48 2 is be AUX aijhass-91 48 3 a a DET aijhass-91 48 4 generic generic ADJ aijhass-91 48 5 part part NOUN aijhass-91 48 6 of of ADP aijhass-91 48 7 a a DET aijhass-91 48 8 phone phone NOUN aijhass-91 48 9 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 48 10 web web NOUN aijhass-91 48 11 or or CCONJ aijhass-91 48 12 mobile mobile ADJ aijhass-91 48 13 communication communication NOUN aijhass-91 48 14 system system NOUN aijhass-91 48 15 that that PRON aijhass-91 48 16 supported support VERB aijhass-91 48 17 the the DET aijhass-91 48 18 exchange exchange NOUN aijhass-91 48 19 of of ADP aijhass-91 48 20 short short ADJ aijhass-91 48 21 messages message NOUN aijhass-91 48 22 between between ADP aijhass-91 48 23 people people NOUN aijhass-91 48 24 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 49 1 dansieh dansieh PROPN aijhass-91 49 2 ( ( PUNCT aijhass-91 49 3 2011 2011 NUM aijhass-91 49 4 ) ) PUNCT aijhass-91 49 5 defined define VERB aijhass-91 49 6 text text NOUN aijhass-91 49 7 messaging messaging NOUN aijhass-91 49 8 as as ADP aijhass-91 49 9 the the DET aijhass-91 49 10 practice practice NOUN aijhass-91 49 11 whereby whereby SCONJ aijhass-91 49 12 users user NOUN aijhass-91 49 13 of of ADP aijhass-91 49 14 mobile mobile ADJ aijhass-91 49 15 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 49 16 portable portable ADJ aijhass-91 49 17 devices device NOUN aijhass-91 49 18 exchange exchange PROPN aijhass-91 49 19 brief brief ADJ aijhass-91 49 20 written write VERB aijhass-91 49 21 messages message NOUN aijhass-91 49 22 via via ADP aijhass-91 49 23 cellular cellular ADJ aijhass-91 49 24 networks network NOUN aijhass-91 49 25 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 50 1 it it PRON aijhass-91 50 2 is be AUX aijhass-91 50 3 used use VERB aijhass-91 50 4 in in ADP aijhass-91 50 5 place place NOUN aijhass-91 50 6 of of ADP aijhass-91 50 7 voice voice NOUN aijhass-91 50 8 calls call VERB aijhass-91 50 9 in in ADP aijhass-91 50 10 circumstances circumstance NOUN aijhass-91 50 11 where where SCONJ aijhass-91 50 12 it it PRON aijhass-91 50 13 may may AUX aijhass-91 50 14 be be AUX aijhass-91 50 15 impossible impossible ADJ aijhass-91 50 16 or or CCONJ aijhass-91 50 17 inexpedient inexpedient ADJ aijhass-91 50 18 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 51 1 tomita tomita NOUN aijhass-91 51 2 ( ( PUNCT aijhass-91 51 3 2009 2009 NUM aijhass-91 51 4 ) ) PUNCT aijhass-91 51 5 defined define VERB aijhass-91 51 6 the the DET aijhass-91 51 7 technology technology NOUN aijhass-91 51 8 of of ADP aijhass-91 51 9 sms sms PROPN aijhass-91 51 10 as as ADP aijhass-91 51 11 a a DET aijhass-91 51 12 communications communication NOUN aijhass-91 51 13 protocol protocol NOUN aijhass-91 51 14 used use VERB aijhass-91 51 15 to to PART aijhass-91 51 16 deliver deliver VERB aijhass-91 51 17 short short ADJ aijhass-91 51 18 text text NOUN aijhass-91 51 19 messages message NOUN aijhass-91 51 20 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 51 21 up up ADP aijhass-91 51 22 to to PART aijhass-91 51 23 160 160 NUM aijhass-91 51 24 characters character NOUN aijhass-91 51 25 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 51 26 via via ADP aijhass-91 51 27 global global ADJ aijhass-91 51 28 systems system NOUN aijhass-91 51 29 for for ADP aijhass-91 51 30 mobile mobile ADJ aijhass-91 51 31 communication communication NOUN aijhass-91 51 32 ( ( PUNCT aijhass-91 51 33 gsm gsm NOUN aijhass-91 51 34 ) ) PUNCT aijhass-91 51 35 enabled enable VERB aijhass-91 51 36 mobile mobile ADJ aijhass-91 51 37 phones phone NOUN aijhass-91 51 38 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 52 1 uhunmwangho uhunmwangho PROPN aijhass-91 52 2 ( ( PUNCT aijhass-91 52 3 2009 2009 NUM aijhass-91 52 4 ) ) PUNCT aijhass-91 52 5 defined define VERB aijhass-91 52 6 a a DET aijhass-91 52 7 text text NOUN aijhass-91 52 8 message message NOUN aijhass-91 52 9 as as ADP aijhass-91 52 10 “ " PUNCT aijhass-91 52 11 any any DET aijhass-91 52 12 linguistic linguistic ADJ aijhass-91 52 13 event event NOUN aijhass-91 52 14 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 52 15 usually usually ADV aijhass-91 52 16 a a DET aijhass-91 52 17 written write VERB aijhass-91 52 18 form form NOUN aijhass-91 52 19 of of ADP aijhass-91 52 20 speech speech NOUN aijhass-91 52 21 that that PRON aijhass-91 52 22 is be AUX aijhass-91 52 23 imbued imbue VERB aijhass-91 52 24 with with ADP aijhass-91 52 25 meaning meaning NOUN aijhass-91 52 26 ” " PUNCT aijhass-91 52 27 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 53 1 ong’onda ong’onda PROPN aijhass-91 53 2 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 53 3 matu matu NOUN aijhass-91 53 4 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 53 5 oloo oloo ADJ aijhass-91 53 6 ( ( PUNCT aijhass-91 53 7 2011 2011 NUM aijhass-91 53 8 ) ) PUNCT aijhass-91 53 9 observed observe VERB aijhass-91 53 10 that that SCONJ aijhass-91 53 11 the the DET aijhass-91 53 12 european european PROPN aijhass-91 53 13 journal journal PROPN aijhass-91 53 14 of of ADP aijhass-91 53 15 language language NOUN aijhass-91 53 16 studies study NOUN aijhass-91 53 17 terms term NOUN aijhass-91 53 18 ‘ ' PUNCT aijhass-91 53 19 text text NOUN aijhass-91 53 20 messaging messaging NOUN aijhass-91 53 21 ’ ' PUNCT aijhass-91 53 22 or or CCONJ aijhass-91 53 23 just just ADV aijhass-91 53 24 ‘ ' PUNCT aijhass-91 53 25 texting texte VERB aijhass-91 53 26 ’ ' PUNCT aijhass-91 53 27 referred refer VERB aijhass-91 53 28 to to ADP aijhass-91 53 29 the the DET aijhass-91 53 30 brief brief ADJ aijhass-91 53 31 typed type VERB aijhass-91 53 32 messages message NOUN aijhass-91 53 33 sent send VERB aijhass-91 53 34 using use VERB aijhass-91 53 35 the the DET aijhass-91 53 36 short short ADJ aijhass-91 53 37 message message NOUN aijhass-91 53 38 service service NOUN aijhass-91 53 39 ( ( PUNCT aijhass-91 53 40 sms sms PROPN aijhass-91 53 41 ) ) PUNCT aijhass-91 53 42 of of ADP aijhass-91 53 43 mobile mobile ADJ aijhass-91 53 44 / / SYM aijhass-91 53 45 cell cell NOUN aijhass-91 53 46 phones phone NOUN aijhass-91 53 47 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 53 48 personal personal ADJ aijhass-91 53 49 digital digital ADJ aijhass-91 53 50 assistants assistant NOUN aijhass-91 53 51 ( ( PUNCT aijhass-91 53 52 pdas pdas PROPN aijhass-91 53 53 ) ) PUNCT aijhass-91 53 54 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 53 55 smart smart ADJ aijhass-91 53 56 phones phone NOUN aijhass-91 53 57 or or CCONJ aijhass-91 53 58 web web NOUN aijhass-91 53 59 browsers browser NOUN aijhass-91 53 60 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 54 1 the the DET aijhass-91 54 2 sms sms PROPN aijhass-91 54 3 ( ( PUNCT aijhass-91 54 4 short short ADJ aijhass-91 54 5 message message NOUN aijhass-91 54 6 service service NOUN aijhass-91 54 7 ) ) PUNCT aijhass-91 54 8 is be AUX aijhass-91 54 9 one one NUM aijhass-91 54 10 of of ADP aijhass-91 54 11 the the DET aijhass-91 54 12 latest late ADJ aijhass-91 54 13 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 54 14 quick quick ADJ aijhass-91 54 15 forms form NOUN aijhass-91 54 16 of of ADP aijhass-91 54 17 written write VERB aijhass-91 54 18 communication communication NOUN aijhass-91 54 19 since since SCONJ aijhass-91 54 20 the the DET aijhass-91 54 21 invention invention NOUN aijhass-91 54 22 of of ADP aijhass-91 54 23 mobile mobile ADJ aijhass-91 54 24 phone phone NOUN aijhass-91 54 25 technology technology NOUN aijhass-91 54 26 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 55 1 the the DET aijhass-91 55 2 effectiveness effectiveness NOUN aijhass-91 55 3 of of ADP aijhass-91 55 4 this this DET aijhass-91 55 5 medium medium NOUN aijhass-91 55 6 of of ADP aijhass-91 55 7 communication communication NOUN aijhass-91 55 8 depends depend VERB aijhass-91 55 9 on on ADP aijhass-91 55 10 the the DET aijhass-91 55 11 appropriate appropriate ADJ aijhass-91 55 12 combination combination NOUN aijhass-91 55 13 of of ADP aijhass-91 55 14 the the DET aijhass-91 55 15 alphabets alphabet NOUN aijhass-91 55 16 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 55 17 letters letter NOUN aijhass-91 55 18 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 55 19 template template NOUN aijhass-91 55 20 pictures picture NOUN aijhass-91 55 21 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 55 22 figures figure NOUN aijhass-91 55 23 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 55 24 even even ADV aijhass-91 55 25 punctuation punctuation NOUN aijhass-91 55 26 marks mark NOUN aijhass-91 55 27 by by ADP aijhass-91 55 28 one one NUM aijhass-91 55 29 known know VERB aijhass-91 55 30 as as ADP aijhass-91 55 31 ‘ ' PUNCT aijhass-91 55 32 the the DET aijhass-91 55 33 sender sender NOUN aijhass-91 55 34 or or CCONJ aijhass-91 55 35 texter texter NOUN aijhass-91 55 36 ’ ' PUNCT aijhass-91 55 37 to to ADP aijhass-91 55 38 another another DET aijhass-91 55 39 ‘ ' PUNCT aijhass-91 55 40 the the DET aijhass-91 55 41 message message NOUN aijhass-91 55 42 recipient recipient NOUN aijhass-91 55 43 ’ ' PUNCT aijhass-91 55 44 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 56 1 this this DET aijhass-91 56 2 communication communication NOUN aijhass-91 56 3 technique technique NOUN aijhass-91 56 4 is be AUX aijhass-91 56 5 currently currently ADV aijhass-91 56 6 in in SCONJ aijhass-91 56 7 used use VERB aijhass-91 56 8 in in ADP aijhass-91 56 9 advertisements advertisement NOUN aijhass-91 56 10 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 56 11 newsletters newsletter NOUN aijhass-91 56 12 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 56 13 television television NOUN aijhass-91 56 14 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 56 15 by by ADP aijhass-91 56 16 people people NOUN aijhass-91 56 17 on on ADP aijhass-91 56 18 social social ADJ aijhass-91 56 19 media medium NOUN aijhass-91 56 20 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 57 1 many many ADJ aijhass-91 57 2 people people NOUN aijhass-91 57 3 generally generally ADV aijhass-91 57 4 believed believe VERB aijhass-91 57 5 that that SCONJ aijhass-91 57 6 www.acseusa.org/journal/index.php/aijhass www.acseusa.org/journal/index.php/aijhass NOUN aijhass-91 57 7 american american PROPN aijhass-91 57 8 international international PROPN aijhass-91 57 9 journal journal PROPN aijhass-91 57 10 of of ADP aijhass-91 57 11 humanities humanity NOUN aijhass-91 57 12 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 57 13 arts art NOUN aijhass-91 57 14 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 57 15 social social ADJ aijhass-91 57 16 sciences sciences PROPN aijhass-91 57 17 vol vol NOUN aijhass-91 57 18 . . PROPN aijhass-91 58 1 2 2 NUM aijhass-91 58 2 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 58 3 no no INTJ aijhass-91 58 4 . . NOUN aijhass-91 58 5 1 1 NUM aijhass-91 58 6 ; ; PUNCT aijhass-91 58 7 2020 2020 NUM aijhass-91 58 8 40 40 NUM aijhass-91 58 9 mobile mobile ADJ aijhass-91 58 10 phones phone NOUN aijhass-91 58 11 unlike unlike ADP aijhass-91 58 12 the the DET aijhass-91 58 13 conventional conventional ADJ aijhass-91 58 14 landline landline NOUN aijhass-91 58 15 telephone telephone NOUN aijhass-91 58 16 system system NOUN aijhass-91 58 17 that that PRON aijhass-91 58 18 were be AUX aijhass-91 58 19 in in ADP aijhass-91 58 20 existence existence NOUN aijhass-91 58 21 before before SCONJ aijhass-91 58 22 now now ADV aijhass-91 58 23 have have AUX aijhass-91 58 24 revolutionized revolutionize VERB aijhass-91 58 25 communication communication NOUN aijhass-91 58 26 because because SCONJ aijhass-91 58 27 of of ADP aijhass-91 58 28 the the DET aijhass-91 58 29 many many ADJ aijhass-91 58 30 facilities facility NOUN aijhass-91 58 31 embedded embed VERB aijhass-91 58 32 in in ADP aijhass-91 58 33 the the DET aijhass-91 58 34 phones phone NOUN aijhass-91 58 35 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 59 1 apart apart ADV aijhass-91 59 2 from from ADP aijhass-91 59 3 engaging engage VERB aijhass-91 59 4 in in ADP aijhass-91 59 5 voice voice NOUN aijhass-91 59 6 communication communication NOUN aijhass-91 59 7 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 59 8 substituting substitute VERB aijhass-91 59 9 as as ADP aijhass-91 59 10 cameras camera NOUN aijhass-91 59 11 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 59 12 clocks clock NOUN aijhass-91 59 13 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 59 14 radio radio NOUN aijhass-91 59 15 sets set NOUN aijhass-91 59 16 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 59 17 a a DET aijhass-91 59 18 host host NOUN aijhass-91 59 19 of of ADP aijhass-91 59 20 other other ADJ aijhass-91 59 21 utilities utility NOUN aijhass-91 59 22 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 59 23 it it PRON aijhass-91 59 24 offers offer VERB aijhass-91 59 25 users user NOUN aijhass-91 59 26 the the DET aijhass-91 59 27 opportunity opportunity NOUN aijhass-91 59 28 of of ADP aijhass-91 59 29 sending send VERB aijhass-91 59 30 text text NOUN aijhass-91 59 31 messages message NOUN aijhass-91 59 32 popularly popularly ADV aijhass-91 59 33 referred refer VERB aijhass-91 59 34 to to ADP aijhass-91 59 35 as as ADP aijhass-91 59 36 short short ADJ aijhass-91 59 37 message message NOUN aijhass-91 59 38 service service NOUN aijhass-91 59 39 ( ( PUNCT aijhass-91 59 40 sms sms PROPN aijhass-91 59 41 ) ) PUNCT aijhass-91 59 42 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 60 1 the the DET aijhass-91 60 2 ‘ ' PUNCT aijhass-91 60 3 sms sm NOUN aijhass-91 60 4 ’ ' PUNCT aijhass-91 60 5 is be AUX aijhass-91 60 6 a a DET aijhass-91 60 7 miniature miniature ADJ aijhass-91 60 8 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 60 9 abridged abridge VERB aijhass-91 60 10 style style NOUN aijhass-91 60 11 of of ADP aijhass-91 60 12 transmitting transmit VERB aijhass-91 60 13 written write VERB aijhass-91 60 14 information information NOUN aijhass-91 60 15 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 61 1 text text NOUN aijhass-91 61 2 messaging messaging NOUN aijhass-91 61 3 as as ADP aijhass-91 61 4 a a DET aijhass-91 61 5 form form NOUN aijhass-91 61 6 of of ADP aijhass-91 61 7 communication communication NOUN aijhass-91 61 8 involved involve VERB aijhass-91 61 9 communicating communicate VERB aijhass-91 61 10 through through ADP aijhass-91 61 11 a a DET aijhass-91 61 12 composed compose VERB aijhass-91 61 13 message message NOUN aijhass-91 61 14 or or CCONJ aijhass-91 61 15 a a DET aijhass-91 61 16 piece piece NOUN aijhass-91 61 17 of of ADP aijhass-91 61 18 information information NOUN aijhass-91 61 19 typed type VERB aijhass-91 61 20 using use VERB aijhass-91 61 21 the the DET aijhass-91 61 22 phone phone NOUN aijhass-91 61 23 ’s ’s PART aijhass-91 61 24 alphabetical alphabetical ADJ aijhass-91 61 25 keys key NOUN aijhass-91 61 26 which which PRON aijhass-91 61 27 is be AUX aijhass-91 61 28 then then ADV aijhass-91 61 29 sent send VERB aijhass-91 61 30 to to ADP aijhass-91 61 31 the the DET aijhass-91 61 32 intended intend VERB aijhass-91 61 33 recipient recipient NOUN aijhass-91 61 34 who who PRON aijhass-91 61 35 reads read VERB aijhass-91 61 36 the the DET aijhass-91 61 37 visual visual ADJ aijhass-91 61 38 written write VERB aijhass-91 61 39 message message NOUN aijhass-91 61 40 or or CCONJ aijhass-91 61 41 information information NOUN aijhass-91 61 42 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 62 1 this this DET aijhass-91 62 2 style style NOUN aijhass-91 62 3 of of ADP aijhass-91 62 4 communication communication NOUN aijhass-91 62 5 became become VERB aijhass-91 62 6 prominent prominent ADJ aijhass-91 62 7 in in ADP aijhass-91 62 8 nigeria nigeria PROPN aijhass-91 62 9 with with ADP aijhass-91 62 10 the the DET aijhass-91 62 11 introduction introduction NOUN aijhass-91 62 12 of of ADP aijhass-91 62 13 the the DET aijhass-91 62 14 mobile mobile ADJ aijhass-91 62 15 phones phone NOUN aijhass-91 62 16 ( ( PUNCT aijhass-91 62 17 handsets handsets X aijhass-91 62 18 / / SYM aijhass-91 62 19 gsm gsm NOUN aijhass-91 62 20 ) ) PUNCT aijhass-91 62 21 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 63 1 this this DET aijhass-91 63 2 sms sms NOUN aijhass-91 63 3 style style NOUN aijhass-91 63 4 of of ADP aijhass-91 63 5 communication communication NOUN aijhass-91 63 6 is be AUX aijhass-91 63 7 used use VERB aijhass-91 63 8 for for ADP aijhass-91 63 9 different different ADJ aijhass-91 63 10 communication communication NOUN aijhass-91 63 11 purposes purpose NOUN aijhass-91 63 12 such such ADJ aijhass-91 63 13 as as ADP aijhass-91 63 14 exchanging exchange VERB aijhass-91 63 15 information information NOUN aijhass-91 63 16 on on ADP aijhass-91 63 17 events event NOUN aijhass-91 63 18 ; ; PUNCT aijhass-91 63 19 invitation invitation NOUN aijhass-91 63 20 to to ADP aijhass-91 63 21 religious religious ADJ aijhass-91 63 22 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 63 23 social social ADJ aijhass-91 63 24 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 63 25 political political ADJ aijhass-91 63 26 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 63 27 academic academic ADJ aijhass-91 63 28 meetings meeting NOUN aijhass-91 63 29 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 63 30 making make VERB aijhass-91 63 31 business business NOUN aijhass-91 63 32 contacts contact NOUN aijhass-91 63 33 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 63 34 sending send VERB aijhass-91 63 35 goodwill goodwill NOUN aijhass-91 63 36 messages message NOUN aijhass-91 63 37 among among ADP aijhass-91 63 38 others other NOUN aijhass-91 63 39 ( ( PUNCT aijhass-91 63 40 taiwo taiwo NOUN aijhass-91 63 41 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 63 42 2009 2009 NUM aijhass-91 63 43 ) ) PUNCT aijhass-91 63 44 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 64 1 scholars scholar NOUN aijhass-91 64 2 argued argue VERB aijhass-91 64 3 that that SCONJ aijhass-91 64 4 this this DET aijhass-91 64 5 form form NOUN aijhass-91 64 6 of of ADP aijhass-91 64 7 communication communication NOUN aijhass-91 64 8 has have AUX aijhass-91 64 9 systematically systematically ADV aijhass-91 64 10 revolutionalized revolutionalize VERB aijhass-91 64 11 human human ADJ aijhass-91 64 12 communication communication NOUN aijhass-91 64 13 system system NOUN aijhass-91 64 14 the the DET aijhass-91 64 15 world world NOUN aijhass-91 64 16 over over ADP aijhass-91 64 17 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 64 18 has have AUX aijhass-91 64 19 systematically systematically ADV aijhass-91 64 20 transformed transform VERB aijhass-91 64 21 written write VERB aijhass-91 64 22 communication communication NOUN aijhass-91 64 23 ( ( PUNCT aijhass-91 64 24 atanda atanda PROPN aijhass-91 64 25 & & CCONJ aijhass-91 64 26 umar umar PROPN aijhass-91 64 27 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 64 28 2006 2006 NUM aijhass-91 64 29 ; ; PUNCT aijhass-91 64 30 oluga oluga PROPN aijhass-91 64 31 & & CCONJ aijhass-91 64 32 babalola babalola PROPN aijhass-91 64 33 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 64 34 2012 2012 NUM aijhass-91 64 35 ) ) PUNCT aijhass-91 64 36 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 65 1 it it PRON aijhass-91 65 2 is be AUX aijhass-91 65 3 observable observable ADJ aijhass-91 65 4 that that SCONJ aijhass-91 65 5 people people NOUN aijhass-91 65 6 generally generally ADV aijhass-91 65 7 spend spend VERB aijhass-91 65 8 a a DET aijhass-91 65 9 greater great ADJ aijhass-91 65 10 part part NOUN aijhass-91 65 11 of of ADP aijhass-91 65 12 their their PRON aijhass-91 65 13 time time NOUN aijhass-91 65 14 communicating communicate VERB aijhass-91 65 15 in in ADP aijhass-91 65 16 one one NUM aijhass-91 65 17 form form NOUN aijhass-91 65 18 or or CCONJ aijhass-91 65 19 the the DET aijhass-91 65 20 other other ADJ aijhass-91 65 21 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 66 1 aside aside ADV aijhass-91 66 2 making make VERB aijhass-91 66 3 phone phone NOUN aijhass-91 66 4 calls call NOUN aijhass-91 66 5 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 66 6 sending send VERB aijhass-91 66 7 messages message NOUN aijhass-91 66 8 has have AUX aijhass-91 66 9 become become VERB aijhass-91 66 10 second second ADJ aijhass-91 66 11 nature nature NOUN aijhass-91 66 12 of of ADP aijhass-91 66 13 communication communication NOUN aijhass-91 66 14 for for ADP aijhass-91 66 15 many many ADJ aijhass-91 66 16 people people NOUN aijhass-91 66 17 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 67 1 this this DET aijhass-91 67 2 mode mode NOUN aijhass-91 67 3 of of ADP aijhass-91 67 4 communication communication NOUN aijhass-91 67 5 through through ADP aijhass-91 67 6 texting texting NOUN aijhass-91 67 7 is be AUX aijhass-91 67 8 a a DET aijhass-91 67 9 common common ADJ aijhass-91 67 10 habit habit NOUN aijhass-91 67 11 especially especially ADV aijhass-91 67 12 among among ADP aijhass-91 67 13 youths youth NOUN aijhass-91 67 14 who who PRON aijhass-91 67 15 constituted constitute VERB aijhass-91 67 16 students student NOUN aijhass-91 67 17 in in ADP aijhass-91 67 18 secondary secondary ADJ aijhass-91 67 19 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 67 20 tertiary tertiary ADJ aijhass-91 67 21 institutions institution NOUN aijhass-91 67 22 in in ADP aijhass-91 67 23 nigeria nigeria PROPN aijhass-91 67 24 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 68 1 many many ADJ aijhass-91 68 2 reasons reason NOUN aijhass-91 68 3 adduced adduce VERB aijhass-91 68 4 for for ADP aijhass-91 68 5 this this DET aijhass-91 68 6 form form NOUN aijhass-91 68 7 of of ADP aijhass-91 68 8 communication communication NOUN aijhass-91 68 9 include include VERB aijhass-91 68 10 that that PRON aijhass-91 68 11 ; ; PUNCT aijhass-91 68 12 it it PRON aijhass-91 68 13 saves save VERB aijhass-91 68 14 time time NOUN aijhass-91 68 15 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 68 16 energy energy NOUN aijhass-91 68 17 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 68 18 it it PRON aijhass-91 68 19 is be AUX aijhass-91 68 20 quick quick ADJ aijhass-91 68 21 in in ADP aijhass-91 68 22 message message NOUN aijhass-91 68 23 delivery delivery NOUN aijhass-91 68 24 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 68 25 it it PRON aijhass-91 68 26 does do AUX aijhass-91 68 27 not not PART aijhass-91 68 28 adhere adhere VERB aijhass-91 68 29 to to ADP aijhass-91 68 30 the the DET aijhass-91 68 31 rules rule NOUN aijhass-91 68 32 of of ADP aijhass-91 68 33 english english ADJ aijhass-91 68 34 grammar grammar NOUN aijhass-91 68 35 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 68 36 it it PRON aijhass-91 68 37 is be AUX aijhass-91 68 38 relatively relatively ADV aijhass-91 68 39 cheap cheap ADJ aijhass-91 68 40 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 68 41 it it PRON aijhass-91 68 42 is be AUX aijhass-91 68 43 more more ADV aijhass-91 68 44 convenient convenient ADJ aijhass-91 68 45 than than ADP aijhass-91 68 46 making make VERB aijhass-91 68 47 calls call NOUN aijhass-91 68 48 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 68 49 it it PRON aijhass-91 68 50 allows allow VERB aijhass-91 68 51 for for ADP aijhass-91 68 52 creativity creativity NOUN aijhass-91 68 53 in in ADP aijhass-91 68 54 writing writing NOUN aijhass-91 68 55 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 68 56 it it PRON aijhass-91 68 57 is be AUX aijhass-91 68 58 used use VERB aijhass-91 68 59 in in ADP aijhass-91 68 60 establishing establish VERB aijhass-91 68 61 new new ADJ aijhass-91 68 62 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 68 63 re re ADJ aijhass-91 68 64 - - VERB aijhass-91 68 65 enforcing enforce VERB aijhass-91 68 66 old old ADJ aijhass-91 68 67 relationships relationship NOUN aijhass-91 68 68 etc etc X aijhass-91 68 69 . . X aijhass-91 69 1 young young ADJ aijhass-91 69 2 people people NOUN aijhass-91 69 3 in in ADP aijhass-91 69 4 particular particular ADJ aijhass-91 69 5 are be AUX aijhass-91 69 6 increasingly increasingly ADV aijhass-91 69 7 prone prone ADJ aijhass-91 69 8 to to ADP aijhass-91 69 9 texting texting NOUN aijhass-91 69 10 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 69 11 the the DET aijhass-91 69 12 implication implication NOUN aijhass-91 69 13 is be AUX aijhass-91 69 14 that that SCONJ aijhass-91 69 15 the the DET aijhass-91 69 16 speed speed NOUN aijhass-91 69 17 at at ADP aijhass-91 69 18 which which PRON aijhass-91 69 19 texting texte VERB aijhass-91 69 20 takes take VERB aijhass-91 69 21 place place NOUN aijhass-91 69 22 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 69 23 is be AUX aijhass-91 69 24 the the DET aijhass-91 69 25 speed speed NOUN aijhass-91 69 26 at at ADP aijhass-91 69 27 which which PRON aijhass-91 69 28 mistakes mistake NOUN aijhass-91 69 29 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 69 30 short short ADJ aijhass-91 69 31 hands hand NOUN aijhass-91 69 32 used use VERB aijhass-91 69 33 in in ADP aijhass-91 69 34 texting texting NOUN aijhass-91 69 35 are be AUX aijhass-91 69 36 becoming become VERB aijhass-91 69 37 common common ADJ aijhass-91 69 38 place place NOUN aijhass-91 69 39 in in ADP aijhass-91 69 40 most most ADJ aijhass-91 69 41 of of ADP aijhass-91 69 42 their their PRON aijhass-91 69 43 writings writing NOUN aijhass-91 69 44 including include VERB aijhass-91 69 45 academic academic ADJ aijhass-91 69 46 works work NOUN aijhass-91 69 47 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 70 1 in in ADP aijhass-91 70 2 as as ADV aijhass-91 70 3 much much ADJ aijhass-91 70 4 as as ADP aijhass-91 70 5 mobile mobile ADJ aijhass-91 70 6 phone phone NOUN aijhass-91 70 7 usage usage NOUN aijhass-91 70 8 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 70 9 telecommunication telecommunication NOUN aijhass-91 70 10 has have AUX aijhass-91 70 11 been be AUX aijhass-91 70 12 one one NUM aijhass-91 70 13 of of ADP aijhass-91 70 14 the the DET aijhass-91 70 15 many many ADJ aijhass-91 70 16 successes success NOUN aijhass-91 70 17 of of ADP aijhass-91 70 18 the the DET aijhass-91 70 19 twenty twenty NUM aijhass-91 70 20 - - PUNCT aijhass-91 70 21 first first ADJ aijhass-91 70 22 century century NOUN aijhass-91 70 23 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 70 24 many many ADJ aijhass-91 70 25 people people NOUN aijhass-91 70 26 especially especially ADV aijhass-91 70 27 teachers teacher NOUN aijhass-91 70 28 have have AUX aijhass-91 70 29 expressed express VERB aijhass-91 70 30 concern concern NOUN aijhass-91 70 31 at at ADP aijhass-91 70 32 the the DET aijhass-91 70 33 rate rate NOUN aijhass-91 70 34 at at ADP aijhass-91 70 35 which which PRON aijhass-91 70 36 literacy literacy NOUN aijhass-91 70 37 levels level NOUN aijhass-91 70 38 are be AUX aijhass-91 70 39 dropping drop VERB aijhass-91 70 40 among among ADP aijhass-91 70 41 youths youth NOUN aijhass-91 70 42 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 70 43 children child NOUN aijhass-91 70 44 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 71 1 educationists educationist NOUN aijhass-91 71 2 also also ADV aijhass-91 71 3 have have AUX aijhass-91 71 4 observed observe VERB aijhass-91 71 5 that that SCONJ aijhass-91 71 6 text text NOUN aijhass-91 71 7 messaging messaging NOUN aijhass-91 71 8 is be AUX aijhass-91 71 9 completely completely ADV aijhass-91 71 10 devastating devastating ADJ aijhass-91 71 11 the the DET aijhass-91 71 12 english english ADJ aijhass-91 71 13 language language NOUN aijhass-91 71 14 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 72 1 according accord VERB aijhass-91 72 2 to to ADP aijhass-91 72 3 dansieh dansieh PROPN aijhass-91 72 4 ( ( PUNCT aijhass-91 72 5 2011 2011 NUM aijhass-91 72 6 ) ) PUNCT aijhass-91 72 7 some some DET aijhass-91 72 8 teachers teacher NOUN aijhass-91 72 9 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 72 10 parents parent NOUN aijhass-91 72 11 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 72 12 students student NOUN aijhass-91 72 13 themselves themselves PRON aijhass-91 72 14 are be AUX aijhass-91 72 15 expressing express VERB aijhass-91 72 16 concerns concern NOUN aijhass-91 72 17 that that SCONJ aijhass-91 72 18 students student NOUN aijhass-91 72 19 ’ ' PUNCT aijhass-91 72 20 writing writing NOUN aijhass-91 72 21 skills skill NOUN aijhass-91 72 22 stand stand VERB aijhass-91 72 23 the the DET aijhass-91 72 24 risk risk NOUN aijhass-91 72 25 of of ADP aijhass-91 72 26 being be AUX aijhass-91 72 27 sacrificed sacrifice VERB aijhass-91 72 28 on on ADP aijhass-91 72 29 the the DET aijhass-91 72 30 altar altar NOUN aijhass-91 72 31 of of ADP aijhass-91 72 32 text text NOUN aijhass-91 72 33 messaging messaging NOUN aijhass-91 72 34 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 73 1 it it PRON aijhass-91 73 2 is be AUX aijhass-91 73 3 arguable arguable ADJ aijhass-91 73 4 that that SCONJ aijhass-91 73 5 before before SCONJ aijhass-91 73 6 this this DET aijhass-91 73 7 mobile mobile ADJ aijhass-91 73 8 technology technology NOUN aijhass-91 73 9 came come VERB aijhass-91 73 10 into into ADP aijhass-91 73 11 existence existence NOUN aijhass-91 73 12 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 73 13 school school NOUN aijhass-91 73 14 children child NOUN aijhass-91 73 15 in in ADP aijhass-91 73 16 the the DET aijhass-91 73 17 1960s 1960 NOUN aijhass-91 73 18 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 73 19 1970s 1970 NOUN aijhass-91 73 20 were be AUX aijhass-91 73 21 far far ADV aijhass-91 73 22 more more ADV aijhass-91 73 23 literate literate ADJ aijhass-91 73 24 in in ADP aijhass-91 73 25 terms term NOUN aijhass-91 73 26 of of ADP aijhass-91 73 27 usage usage NOUN aijhass-91 73 28 of of ADP aijhass-91 73 29 the the DET aijhass-91 73 30 english english ADJ aijhass-91 73 31 language language NOUN aijhass-91 73 32 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 73 33 essential essential ADJ aijhass-91 73 34 writing writing NOUN aijhass-91 73 35 skills skill NOUN aijhass-91 73 36 than than ADP aijhass-91 73 37 school school NOUN aijhass-91 73 38 children child NOUN aijhass-91 73 39 of of ADP aijhass-91 73 40 today today NOUN aijhass-91 73 41 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 74 1 in in ADP aijhass-91 74 2 recent recent ADJ aijhass-91 74 3 times time NOUN aijhass-91 74 4 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 74 5 the the DET aijhass-91 74 6 average average ADJ aijhass-91 74 7 school school NOUN aijhass-91 74 8 child child NOUN aijhass-91 74 9 struggles struggle VERB aijhass-91 74 10 more more ADV aijhass-91 74 11 with with ADP aijhass-91 74 12 spelling spelling NOUN aijhass-91 74 13 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 74 14 grammar grammar NOUN aijhass-91 74 15 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 74 16 essay essay ADJ aijhass-91 74 17 - - PUNCT aijhass-91 74 18 writing writing NOUN aijhass-91 74 19 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 75 1 these these DET aijhass-91 75 2 essential essential ADJ aijhass-91 75 3 skills skill NOUN aijhass-91 75 4 were be AUX aijhass-91 75 5 before before SCONJ aijhass-91 75 6 now now ADV aijhass-91 75 7 considered consider VERB aijhass-91 75 8 key key NOUN aijhass-91 75 9 to to ADP aijhass-91 75 10 a a DET aijhass-91 75 11 good good ADJ aijhass-91 75 12 grasp grasp NOUN aijhass-91 75 13 of of ADP aijhass-91 75 14 the the DET aijhass-91 75 15 english english ADJ aijhass-91 75 16 language language NOUN aijhass-91 75 17 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 76 1 scholars scholar NOUN aijhass-91 76 2 still still ADV aijhass-91 76 3 insist insist VERB aijhass-91 76 4 that that SCONJ aijhass-91 76 5 sms sms NOUN aijhass-91 76 6 language language NOUN aijhass-91 76 7 has have AUX aijhass-91 76 8 seemingly seemingly ADV aijhass-91 76 9 destroyed destroy VERB aijhass-91 76 10 the the DET aijhass-91 76 11 way way NOUN aijhass-91 76 12 school school NOUN aijhass-91 76 13 children child NOUN aijhass-91 76 14 read read VERB aijhass-91 76 15 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 76 16 think think VERB aijhass-91 76 17 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 76 18 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 76 19 write write VERB aijhass-91 76 20 the the DET aijhass-91 76 21 conventional conventional ADJ aijhass-91 76 22 english english ADJ aijhass-91 76 23 language language NOUN aijhass-91 76 24 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 77 1 o’connor o’connor ADV aijhass-91 77 2 ( ( PUNCT aijhass-91 77 3 2005 2005 NUM aijhass-91 77 4 ) ) PUNCT aijhass-91 77 5 reported report VERB aijhass-91 77 6 that that SCONJ aijhass-91 77 7 the the DET aijhass-91 77 8 more more ADJ aijhass-91 77 9 students student NOUN aijhass-91 77 10 use use VERB aijhass-91 77 11 tools tool NOUN aijhass-91 77 12 like like ADP aijhass-91 77 13 instant instant ADJ aijhass-91 77 14 messaging messaging NOUN aijhass-91 77 15 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 77 16 the the PRON aijhass-91 77 17 less less ADV aijhass-91 77 18 they they PRON aijhass-91 77 19 are be AUX aijhass-91 77 20 able able ADJ aijhass-91 77 21 to to PART aijhass-91 77 22 separate separate VERB aijhass-91 77 23 formal formal ADJ aijhass-91 77 24 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 77 25 informal informal ADJ aijhass-91 77 26 english english PROPN aijhass-91 77 27 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 78 1 for for ADP aijhass-91 78 2 instance instance NOUN aijhass-91 78 3 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 78 4 they they PRON aijhass-91 78 5 abbreviate abbreviate VERB aijhass-91 78 6 “ " PUNCT aijhass-91 78 7 y y PROPN aijhass-91 78 8 - - PUNCT aijhass-91 78 9 o o NOUN aijhass-91 78 10 - - NOUN aijhass-91 78 11 u u NOUN aijhass-91 78 12 ” " PUNCT aijhass-91 78 13 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 78 14 as as ADP aijhass-91 78 15 “ " PUNCT aijhass-91 78 16 u u NOUN aijhass-91 78 17 ” " PUNCT aijhass-91 78 18 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 79 1 he he PRON aijhass-91 79 2 also also ADV aijhass-91 79 3 observed observe VERB aijhass-91 79 4 that that SCONJ aijhass-91 79 5 another another DET aijhass-91 79 6 major major ADJ aijhass-91 79 7 problem problem NOUN aijhass-91 79 8 currently currently ADV aijhass-91 79 9 being be AUX aijhass-91 79 10 noticed notice VERB aijhass-91 79 11 is be AUX aijhass-91 79 12 that that SCONJ aijhass-91 79 13 students student NOUN aijhass-91 79 14 no no ADV aijhass-91 79 15 longer long ADV aijhass-91 79 16 punctuate punctuate VERB aijhass-91 79 17 accurately accurately ADV aijhass-91 79 18 but but CCONJ aijhass-91 79 19 instead instead ADV aijhass-91 79 20 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 79 21 their their PRON aijhass-91 79 22 text text NOUN aijhass-91 79 23 messages message NOUN aijhass-91 79 24 often often ADV aijhass-91 79 25 contain contain VERB aijhass-91 79 26 run run VERB aijhass-91 79 27 on on ADP aijhass-91 79 28 sentences sentence NOUN aijhass-91 79 29 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 79 30 hardly hardly ADV aijhass-91 79 31 punctuations punctuation NOUN aijhass-91 79 32 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 80 1 he he PRON aijhass-91 80 2 further far ADV aijhass-91 80 3 argues argue VERB aijhass-91 80 4 that that SCONJ aijhass-91 80 5 papers paper NOUN aijhass-91 80 6 are be AUX aijhass-91 80 7 being be AUX aijhass-91 80 8 written write VERB aijhass-91 80 9 with with ADP aijhass-91 80 10 shortened shorten VERB aijhass-91 80 11 words word NOUN aijhass-91 80 12 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 80 13 improper improper ADJ aijhass-91 80 14 capitalization capitalization NOUN aijhass-91 80 15 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 80 16 punctuation punctuation NOUN aijhass-91 80 17 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 80 18 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 80 19 characters character NOUN aijhass-91 80 20 such such ADJ aijhass-91 80 21 as as ADP aijhass-91 80 22 & & CCONJ aijhass-91 80 23 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 80 24 $ $ SYM aijhass-91 80 25 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 80 26 @ @ ADP aijhass-91 80 27 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 80 28 so so ADV aijhass-91 80 29 on on ADV aijhass-91 80 30 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 81 1 one one PRON aijhass-91 81 2 may may AUX aijhass-91 81 3 therefore therefore ADV aijhass-91 81 4 rightly rightly ADV aijhass-91 81 5 argue argue VERB aijhass-91 81 6 that that SCONJ aijhass-91 81 7 sms sms NOUN aijhass-91 81 8 language language NOUN aijhass-91 81 9 ( ( PUNCT aijhass-91 81 10 abbreviated abbreviate VERB aijhass-91 81 11 words word NOUN aijhass-91 81 12 ) ) PUNCT aijhass-91 81 13 discourages discourage VERB aijhass-91 81 14 complex complex ADJ aijhass-91 81 15 vocabulary vocabulary NOUN aijhass-91 81 16 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 81 17 prevents prevent VERB aijhass-91 81 18 the the DET aijhass-91 81 19 creation creation NOUN aijhass-91 81 20 of of ADP aijhass-91 81 21 longer long ADJ aijhass-91 81 22 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 81 23 more more ADV aijhass-91 81 24 sophisticated sophisticated ADJ aijhass-91 81 25 phrases phrase NOUN aijhass-91 81 26 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 82 1 a a DET aijhass-91 82 2 pertinent pertinent ADJ aijhass-91 82 3 question question NOUN aijhass-91 82 4 that that SCONJ aijhass-91 82 5 society society NOUN aijhass-91 82 6 must must AUX aijhass-91 82 7 answer answer VERB aijhass-91 82 8 therefore therefore ADV aijhass-91 82 9 is be AUX aijhass-91 82 10 – – PUNCT aijhass-91 82 11 has have AUX aijhass-91 82 12 text text NOUN aijhass-91 82 13 message message NOUN aijhass-91 82 14 usage usage NOUN aijhass-91 82 15 affected affect VERB aijhass-91 82 16 the the DET aijhass-91 82 17 way way NOUN aijhass-91 82 18 students student NOUN aijhass-91 82 19 presently presently ADV aijhass-91 82 20 use use VERB aijhass-91 82 21 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 82 22 learn learn VERB aijhass-91 82 23 the the DET aijhass-91 82 24 english english ADJ aijhass-91 82 25 language language NOUN aijhass-91 82 26 ? ? PUNCT aijhass-91 83 1 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 83 2 if if SCONJ aijhass-91 83 3 it it PRON aijhass-91 83 4 has have VERB aijhass-91 83 5 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 83 6 is be AUX aijhass-91 83 7 it it PRON aijhass-91 83 8 for for ADP aijhass-91 83 9 better well ADJ aijhass-91 83 10 or or CCONJ aijhass-91 83 11 for for ADP aijhass-91 83 12 worse bad ADJ aijhass-91 83 13 ? ? PUNCT aijhass-91 84 1 1.2 1.2 NUM aijhass-91 84 2 aims aim NOUN aijhass-91 84 3 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 84 4 objectives objective VERB aijhass-91 84 5 the the DET aijhass-91 84 6 aims aim NOUN aijhass-91 84 7 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 84 8 objectives objective NOUN aijhass-91 84 9 of of ADP aijhass-91 84 10 this this DET aijhass-91 84 11 study study NOUN aijhass-91 84 12 are be AUX aijhass-91 84 13   VERB aijhass-91 84 14 to to PART aijhass-91 84 15 examine examine VERB aijhass-91 84 16 the the DET aijhass-91 84 17 influence influence NOUN aijhass-91 84 18 of of ADP aijhass-91 84 19 sms sms PROPN aijhass-91 84 20 on on ADP aijhass-91 84 21 the the DET aijhass-91 84 22 spelling spelling NOUN aijhass-91 84 23 skills skill NOUN aijhass-91 84 24 of of ADP aijhass-91 84 25 the the DET aijhass-91 84 26 selected select VERB aijhass-91 84 27 students student NOUN aijhass-91 84 28 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 84 29 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 85 1   PROPN aijhass-91 86 1 investigate investigate VERB aijhass-91 86 2 the the DET aijhass-91 86 3 extent extent NOUN aijhass-91 86 4 to to PART aijhass-91 86 5 which which PRON aijhass-91 86 6 sms sm VERB aijhass-91 86 7 language language NOUN aijhass-91 86 8 influences influence VERB aijhass-91 86 9 the the DET aijhass-91 86 10 writing writing NOUN aijhass-91 86 11 performance performance NOUN aijhass-91 86 12 of of ADP aijhass-91 86 13 the the DET aijhass-91 86 14 sampled sample VERB aijhass-91 86 15 population population NOUN aijhass-91 86 16 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 87 1   PUNCT aijhass-91 87 2 to to PART aijhass-91 87 3 determine determine VERB aijhass-91 87 4 the the DET aijhass-91 87 5 gender gender NOUN aijhass-91 87 6 that that PRON aijhass-91 87 7 abbreviated abbreviate VERB aijhass-91 87 8 words word NOUN aijhass-91 87 9 most most ADV aijhass-91 87 10 in in ADP aijhass-91 87 11 writing(male writing(male NOUN aijhass-91 87 12 or or CCONJ aijhass-91 87 13 female female NOUN aijhass-91 87 14 ) ) PUNCT aijhass-91 87 15 1.3 1.3 NUM aijhass-91 87 16 research research NOUN aijhass-91 87 17 questions question NOUN aijhass-91 87 18 the the DET aijhass-91 87 19 following follow VERB aijhass-91 87 20 research research NOUN aijhass-91 87 21 questions question NOUN aijhass-91 87 22 will will AUX aijhass-91 87 23 guide guide VERB aijhass-91 87 24 the the DET aijhass-91 87 25 study study NOUN aijhass-91 87 26 : : PUNCT aijhass-91 87 27   X aijhass-91 87 28 what what PRON aijhass-91 87 29 is be AUX aijhass-91 87 30 the the DET aijhass-91 87 31 level level NOUN aijhass-91 87 32 of of ADP aijhass-91 87 33 texting texte VERB aijhass-91 87 34 messaging messaging NOUN aijhass-91 87 35 of of ADP aijhass-91 87 36 secondary secondary ADJ aijhass-91 87 37 school school NOUN aijhass-91 87 38 students student NOUN aijhass-91 87 39 in in ADP aijhass-91 87 40 osun osun PROPN aijhass-91 87 41 state state NOUN aijhass-91 87 42 ? ? PUNCT aijhass-91 88 1   VERB aijhass-91 88 2 what what PRON aijhass-91 88 3 gender gender NOUN aijhass-91 88 4 makes make VERB aijhass-91 88 5 use use NOUN aijhass-91 88 6 of of ADP aijhass-91 88 7 abbreviations abbreviation NOUN aijhass-91 88 8 of of ADP aijhass-91 88 9 words word NOUN aijhass-91 88 10 most most ADJ aijhass-91 88 11 while while SCONJ aijhass-91 88 12 writing write VERB aijhass-91 88 13 ? ? PUNCT aijhass-91 89 1   VERB aijhass-91 89 2 what what PRON aijhass-91 89 3 are be AUX aijhass-91 89 4 the the DET aijhass-91 89 5 commonly commonly ADV aijhass-91 89 6 used use VERB aijhass-91 89 7 abbreviated abbreviate VERB aijhass-91 89 8 words word NOUN aijhass-91 89 9 by by ADP aijhass-91 89 10 participants participant NOUN aijhass-91 89 11 ? ? PUNCT aijhass-91 90 1   VERB aijhass-91 90 2 what what PRON aijhass-91 90 3 is be AUX aijhass-91 90 4 the the DET aijhass-91 90 5 difference difference NOUN aijhass-91 90 6 between between ADP aijhass-91 90 7 students student NOUN aijhass-91 90 8 that that PRON aijhass-91 90 9 abbreviated abbreviate VERB aijhass-91 90 10 words word NOUN aijhass-91 90 11 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 90 12 those those PRON aijhass-91 90 13 that that PRON aijhass-91 90 14 did do AUX aijhass-91 90 15 not not PART aijhass-91 90 16 abbreviated abbreviate VERB aijhass-91 90 17 words word NOUN aijhass-91 90 18 in in ADP aijhass-91 90 19 the the DET aijhass-91 90 20 study study NOUN aijhass-91 90 21 ? ? PUNCT aijhass-91 91 1 www.acseusa.org/journal/index.php/aijhass www.acseusa.org/journal/index.php/aijhass PROPN aijhass-91 91 2 american american PROPN aijhass-91 91 3 international international PROPN aijhass-91 91 4 journal journal PROPN aijhass-91 91 5 of of ADP aijhass-91 91 6 humanities humanity NOUN aijhass-91 91 7 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 91 8 arts art NOUN aijhass-91 91 9 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 91 10 social social ADJ aijhass-91 91 11 sciences sciences PROPN aijhass-91 91 12 vol vol NOUN aijhass-91 91 13 . . PROPN aijhass-91 92 1 2 2 NUM aijhass-91 92 2 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 92 3 no no INTJ aijhass-91 92 4 . . NOUN aijhass-91 92 5 1 1 NUM aijhass-91 92 6 ; ; PUNCT aijhass-91 92 7 2020 2020 NUM aijhass-91 92 8 41 41 NUM aijhass-91 92 9 2 2 NUM aijhass-91 92 10 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 92 11 methodology methodology NOUN aijhass-91 92 12 a a DET aijhass-91 92 13 qualitative qualitative ADJ aijhass-91 92 14 methodology methodology NOUN aijhass-91 92 15 was be AUX aijhass-91 92 16 chosen choose VERB aijhass-91 92 17 for for ADP aijhass-91 92 18 this this DET aijhass-91 92 19 study study NOUN aijhass-91 92 20 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 93 1 it it PRON aijhass-91 93 2 was be AUX aijhass-91 93 3 used use VERB aijhass-91 93 4 because because SCONJ aijhass-91 93 5 of of ADP aijhass-91 93 6 the the DET aijhass-91 93 7 nature nature NOUN aijhass-91 93 8 of of ADP aijhass-91 93 9 this this DET aijhass-91 93 10 study study NOUN aijhass-91 93 11 because because SCONJ aijhass-91 93 12 it it PRON aijhass-91 93 13 requires require VERB aijhass-91 93 14 students student NOUN aijhass-91 93 15 ’ ' PUNCT aijhass-91 93 16 responses response NOUN aijhass-91 93 17 in in ADP aijhass-91 93 18 letter letter NOUN aijhass-91 93 19 writing writing NOUN aijhass-91 93 20 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 94 1 the the DET aijhass-91 94 2 population population NOUN aijhass-91 94 3 for for ADP aijhass-91 94 4 the the DET aijhass-91 94 5 study study NOUN aijhass-91 94 6 consisted consist VERB aijhass-91 94 7 100 100 NUM aijhass-91 94 8 respondents respondent NOUN aijhass-91 94 9 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 94 10 selected select VERB aijhass-91 94 11 using use VERB aijhass-91 94 12 multiple multiple ADJ aijhass-91 94 13 sampling sample VERB aijhass-91 94 14 technique technique NOUN aijhass-91 94 15 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 95 1 one one NUM aijhass-91 95 2 local local ADJ aijhass-91 95 3 government government NOUN aijhass-91 95 4 was be AUX aijhass-91 95 5 selected select VERB aijhass-91 95 6 from from ADP aijhass-91 95 7 all all DET aijhass-91 95 8 the the DET aijhass-91 95 9 local local ADJ aijhass-91 95 10 government government NOUN aijhass-91 95 11 in in ADP aijhass-91 95 12 the the DET aijhass-91 95 13 state state NOUN aijhass-91 95 14 using use VERB aijhass-91 95 15 simple simple ADJ aijhass-91 95 16 random random ADJ aijhass-91 95 17 sampling sampling NOUN aijhass-91 95 18 technique technique NOUN aijhass-91 95 19 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 96 1 from from ADP aijhass-91 96 2 the the DET aijhass-91 96 3 local local ADJ aijhass-91 96 4 government government NOUN aijhass-91 96 5 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 96 6 4 4 NUM aijhass-91 96 7 schools school NOUN aijhass-91 96 8 were be AUX aijhass-91 96 9 selected select VERB aijhass-91 96 10 using use VERB aijhass-91 96 11 simple simple ADJ aijhass-91 96 12 random random ADJ aijhass-91 96 13 sampling sampling NOUN aijhass-91 96 14 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 96 15 25 25 NUM aijhass-91 96 16 senior senior ADJ aijhass-91 96 17 secondary secondary ADJ aijhass-91 96 18 school school NOUN aijhass-91 96 19 ii ii PROPN aijhass-91 96 20 students student NOUN aijhass-91 96 21 were be AUX aijhass-91 96 22 selected select VERB aijhass-91 96 23 using use VERB aijhass-91 96 24 simple simple ADJ aijhass-91 96 25 random random ADJ aijhass-91 96 26 sampling sampling NOUN aijhass-91 96 27 technique technique NOUN aijhass-91 96 28 from from ADP aijhass-91 96 29 olorunda olorunda ADJ aijhass-91 96 30 local local ADJ aijhass-91 96 31 government government NOUN aijhass-91 96 32 area area NOUN aijhass-91 96 33 of of ADP aijhass-91 96 34 osun osun PROPN aijhass-91 96 35 state state PROPN aijhass-91 96 36 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 97 1 experimental experimental ADJ aijhass-91 97 2 design design NOUN aijhass-91 97 3 studies study NOUN aijhass-91 97 4 characteristics characteristic NOUN aijhass-91 97 5 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 97 6 opinions opinion NOUN aijhass-91 97 7 of of ADP aijhass-91 97 8 relatively relatively ADV aijhass-91 97 9 small small ADJ aijhass-91 97 10 samples sample NOUN aijhass-91 97 11 of of ADP aijhass-91 97 12 a a DET aijhass-91 97 13 population population NOUN aijhass-91 97 14 through through ADP aijhass-91 97 15 which which PRON aijhass-91 97 16 it it PRON aijhass-91 97 17 seeks seek VERB aijhass-91 97 18 to to PART aijhass-91 97 19 determine determine VERB aijhass-91 97 20 the the DET aijhass-91 97 21 incidence incidence NOUN aijhass-91 97 22 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 97 23 distribution distribution NOUN aijhass-91 97 24 of of ADP aijhass-91 97 25 such such ADJ aijhass-91 97 26 characteristics characteristic NOUN aijhass-91 97 27 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 97 28 opinions opinion NOUN aijhass-91 97 29 in in ADP aijhass-91 97 30 the the DET aijhass-91 97 31 larger large ADJ aijhass-91 97 32 population population NOUN aijhass-91 97 33 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 98 1 this this DET aijhass-91 98 2 study study NOUN aijhass-91 98 3 adopted adopt VERB aijhass-91 98 4 this this DET aijhass-91 98 5 research research NOUN aijhass-91 98 6 design design NOUN aijhass-91 98 7 because because SCONJ aijhass-91 98 8 it it PRON aijhass-91 98 9 sought seek VERB aijhass-91 98 10 to to PART aijhass-91 98 11 obtain obtain VERB aijhass-91 98 12 information information NOUN aijhass-91 98 13 from from ADP aijhass-91 98 14 a a DET aijhass-91 98 15 representative representative ADJ aijhass-91 98 16 sample sample NOUN aijhass-91 98 17 of of ADP aijhass-91 98 18 the the DET aijhass-91 98 19 population population NOUN aijhass-91 98 20 which which PRON aijhass-91 98 21 the the DET aijhass-91 98 22 information information NOUN aijhass-91 98 23 was be AUX aijhass-91 98 24 gotten get VERB aijhass-91 98 25 via via ADP aijhass-91 98 26 letter letter NOUN aijhass-91 98 27 writing writing NOUN aijhass-91 98 28 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 99 1 the the DET aijhass-91 99 2 dependent dependent ADJ aijhass-91 99 3 variable variable NOUN aijhass-91 99 4 was be AUX aijhass-91 99 5 english english ADJ aijhass-91 99 6 language language NOUN aijhass-91 99 7 learning learning NOUN aijhass-91 99 8 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 100 1 the the DET aijhass-91 100 2 independence independence NOUN aijhass-91 100 3 variable variable NOUN aijhass-91 100 4 was be AUX aijhass-91 100 5 short short ADJ aijhass-91 100 6 message message NOUN aijhass-91 100 7 service service NOUN aijhass-91 100 8 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 101 1 this this DET aijhass-91 101 2 study study NOUN aijhass-91 101 3 seeks seek VERB aijhass-91 101 4 to to PART aijhass-91 101 5 find find VERB aijhass-91 101 6 out out ADP aijhass-91 101 7 the the DET aijhass-91 101 8 effect effect NOUN aijhass-91 101 9 of of ADP aijhass-91 101 10 short short ADJ aijhass-91 101 11 message message NOUN aijhass-91 101 12 service service NOUN aijhass-91 101 13 on on ADP aijhass-91 101 14 english english PROPN aijhass-91 101 15 language language NOUN aijhass-91 101 16 learning learning NOUN aijhass-91 101 17 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 102 1 the the DET aijhass-91 102 2 data datum NOUN aijhass-91 102 3 for for ADP aijhass-91 102 4 this this DET aijhass-91 102 5 study study NOUN aijhass-91 102 6 was be AUX aijhass-91 102 7 collected collect VERB aijhass-91 102 8 through through ADP aijhass-91 102 9 teaching teaching NOUN aijhass-91 102 10 of of ADP aijhass-91 102 11 the the DET aijhass-91 102 12 ss ss PROPN aijhass-91 102 13 ii ii PROPN aijhass-91 102 14 students student NOUN aijhass-91 102 15 letter letter VERB aijhass-91 102 16 writing write VERB aijhass-91 102 17 for for ADP aijhass-91 102 18 forty forty NUM aijhass-91 102 19 minutes minute NOUN aijhass-91 102 20 on on ADP aijhass-91 102 21 how how SCONJ aijhass-91 102 22 to to PART aijhass-91 102 23 write write VERB aijhass-91 102 24 a a DET aijhass-91 102 25 letter letter NOUN aijhass-91 102 26 devoid devoid ADJ aijhass-91 102 27 of of ADP aijhass-91 102 28 abbreviations abbreviation NOUN aijhass-91 102 29 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 103 1 after after SCONJ aijhass-91 103 2 the the DET aijhass-91 103 3 forty forty NUM aijhass-91 103 4 minutes minute NOUN aijhass-91 103 5 teaching teach VERB aijhass-91 103 6 the the DET aijhass-91 103 7 student student NOUN aijhass-91 103 8 were be AUX aijhass-91 103 9 given give VERB aijhass-91 103 10 this this DET aijhass-91 103 11 topic topic NOUN aijhass-91 103 12 to to PART aijhass-91 103 13 write write VERB aijhass-91 103 14 on on ADP aijhass-91 103 15 ; ; PUNCT aijhass-91 103 16 write write VERB aijhass-91 103 17 a a DET aijhass-91 103 18 letter letter NOUN aijhass-91 103 19 to to ADP aijhass-91 103 20 your your PRON aijhass-91 103 21 dad dad NOUN aijhass-91 103 22 informing inform VERB aijhass-91 103 23 him he PRON aijhass-91 103 24 on on ADP aijhass-91 103 25 social social ADJ aijhass-91 103 26 amenities amenity NOUN aijhass-91 103 27 in in ADP aijhass-91 103 28 your your PRON aijhass-91 103 29 school school NOUN aijhass-91 103 30 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 103 31 they they PRON aijhass-91 103 32 were be AUX aijhass-91 103 33 given give VERB aijhass-91 103 34 30 30 NUM aijhass-91 103 35 minutes minute NOUN aijhass-91 103 36 to to PART aijhass-91 103 37 write write VERB aijhass-91 103 38 it it PRON aijhass-91 103 39 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 104 1 those those DET aijhass-91 104 2 letters letter NOUN aijhass-91 104 3 were be AUX aijhass-91 104 4 collected collect VERB aijhass-91 104 5 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 104 6 marked mark VERB aijhass-91 104 7 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 104 8 converted convert VERB aijhass-91 104 9 to to ADP aijhass-91 104 10 data datum NOUN aijhass-91 104 11 for for ADP aijhass-91 104 12 this this DET aijhass-91 104 13 study study NOUN aijhass-91 104 14 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 105 1 3 3 X aijhass-91 105 2 . . X aijhass-91 105 3 results result NOUN aijhass-91 105 4 : : PUNCT aijhass-91 105 5 the the DET aijhass-91 105 6 results result NOUN aijhass-91 105 7 of of ADP aijhass-91 105 8 the the DET aijhass-91 105 9 study study NOUN aijhass-91 105 10 were be AUX aijhass-91 105 11 presented present VERB aijhass-91 105 12 based base VERB aijhass-91 105 13 on on ADP aijhass-91 105 14 the the DET aijhass-91 105 15 research research NOUN aijhass-91 105 16 questions question NOUN aijhass-91 105 17 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 105 18 hypotheses hypothesis NOUN aijhass-91 105 19 generated generate VERB aijhass-91 105 20 for for ADP aijhass-91 105 21 the the DET aijhass-91 105 22 study study NOUN aijhass-91 105 23 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 106 1 four four NUM aijhass-91 106 2 research research NOUN aijhass-91 106 3 questions question NOUN aijhass-91 106 4 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 106 5 three three NUM aijhass-91 106 6 hypotheses hypothesis NOUN aijhass-91 106 7 were be AUX aijhass-91 106 8 raised raise VERB aijhass-91 106 9 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 107 1 the the DET aijhass-91 107 2 results result NOUN aijhass-91 107 3 are be AUX aijhass-91 107 4 presented present VERB aijhass-91 107 5 in in ADP aijhass-91 107 6 the the DET aijhass-91 107 7 order order NOUN aijhass-91 107 8 of of ADP aijhass-91 107 9 arrangement arrangement NOUN aijhass-91 107 10 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 108 1 note note NOUN aijhass-91 108 2 : : PUNCT aijhass-91 108 3 100 100 NUM aijhass-91 108 4 participants participant NOUN aijhass-91 108 5 were be AUX aijhass-91 108 6 used use VERB aijhass-91 108 7 for for ADP aijhass-91 108 8 this this DET aijhass-91 108 9 study study NOUN aijhass-91 108 10 but but CCONJ aijhass-91 108 11 only only ADV aijhass-91 108 12 83 83 NUM aijhass-91 108 13 responses response NOUN aijhass-91 108 14 were be AUX aijhass-91 108 15 gotten get VERB aijhass-91 108 16 3.1 3.1 NUM aijhass-91 108 17 used use VERB aijhass-91 108 18 of of ADP aijhass-91 108 19 abbreviated abbreviate VERB aijhass-91 108 20 words word NOUN aijhass-91 108 21 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 108 22 corrected correct VERB aijhass-91 108 23 words word NOUN aijhass-91 108 24 by by ADP aijhass-91 108 25 respondents respondent NOUN aijhass-91 108 26 abbreviated abbreviate VERB aijhass-91 108 27 words word NOUN aijhass-91 108 28 corrected correct VERB aijhass-91 108 29 words word NOUN aijhass-91 108 30 1@ 1@ NUM aijhass-91 108 31 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 108 32 ur ur INTJ aijhass-91 108 33 at at ADP aijhass-91 108 34 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 108 35 your your PRON aijhass-91 108 36 2 2 NUM aijhass-91 108 37 fyn fyn PROPN aijhass-91 108 38 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 108 39 u u NOUN aijhass-91 108 40 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 108 41 u u NOUN aijhass-91 108 42 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 108 43 pls pls INTJ aijhass-91 108 44 fine fine ADJ aijhass-91 108 45 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 108 46 you you PRON aijhass-91 108 47 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 108 48 you you PRON aijhass-91 108 49 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 108 50 please please INTJ aijhass-91 108 51 3 3 NUM aijhass-91 108 52 mom mom NOUN aijhass-91 108 53 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 108 54 dad dad NOUN aijhass-91 108 55 mummy mummy VERB aijhass-91 108 56 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 108 57 daddy daddy NOUN aijhass-91 108 58 4 4 NUM aijhass-91 108 59 ao ao NOUN aijhass-91 108 60 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 108 61 ur ur INTJ aijhass-91 108 62 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 108 63 5n 5n NUM aijhass-91 108 64 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 108 65 5n 5n NUM aijhass-91 108 66 how how SCONJ aijhass-91 108 67 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 108 68 your your PRON aijhass-91 108 69 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 108 70 fine fine ADJ aijhass-91 108 71 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 108 72 fine fine ADJ aijhass-91 108 73 5 5 NUM aijhass-91 108 74 ur ur INTJ aijhass-91 108 75 your your PRON aijhass-91 108 76 6 6 NUM aijhass-91 108 77 u u NOUN aijhass-91 108 78 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 108 79 fyn fyn PROPN aijhass-91 108 80 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 108 81 y y PROPN aijhass-91 108 82 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 108 83 dat dat PROPN aijhass-91 108 84 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 108 85 dey dey VERB aijhass-91 108 86 you you PRON aijhass-91 108 87 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 108 88 fine fine INTJ aijhass-91 108 89 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 108 90 that that SCONJ aijhass-91 108 91 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 108 92 day day NOUN aijhass-91 108 93 7 7 NUM aijhass-91 108 94 u u PROPN aijhass-91 108 95 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 108 96 fyn fyn PROPN aijhass-91 108 97 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 108 98 ok ok INTJ aijhass-91 108 99 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 108 100 au au VERB aijhass-91 108 101 you you PRON aijhass-91 108 102 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 108 103 fine fine ADJ aijhass-91 108 104 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 108 105 okay okay INTJ aijhass-91 108 106 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 108 107 how how SCONJ aijhass-91 108 108 8 8 NUM aijhass-91 108 109 dis dis PROPN aijhass-91 108 110 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 108 111 2marrow 2marrow PROPN aijhass-91 108 112 this this PRON aijhass-91 108 113 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 108 114 tomarrow tomarrow NOUN aijhass-91 108 115 9 9 NUM aijhass-91 108 116 u u NOUN aijhass-91 108 117 you you PRON aijhass-91 108 118 10 10 NUM aijhass-91 108 119 2 2 NUM aijhass-91 108 120 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 108 121 4 4 NUM aijhass-91 108 122 to to PART aijhass-91 108 123 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 108 124 for for ADP aijhass-91 108 125 11 11 NUM aijhass-91 108 126 pls pls NOUN aijhass-91 108 127 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 108 128 2 2 NUM aijhass-91 108 129 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 108 130 4 4 NUM aijhass-91 108 131 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 108 132 u u NOUN aijhass-91 108 133 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 108 134 2 2 NUM aijhass-91 108 135 please please INTJ aijhass-91 108 136 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 108 137 to to ADP aijhass-91 108 138 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 108 139 for for ADP aijhass-91 108 140 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 108 141 you you PRON aijhass-91 108 142 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 108 143 12 12 NUM aijhass-91 108 144 to to PART aijhass-91 108 145 13 13 NUM aijhass-91 108 146 ok ok INTJ aijhass-91 109 1 okay okay INTJ aijhass-91 109 2 14 14 NUM aijhass-91 109 3 2 2 NUM aijhass-91 109 4 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 109 5 u u NOUN aijhass-91 109 6 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 109 7 pls pls INTJ aijhass-91 109 8 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 109 9 4word 4word NUM aijhass-91 109 10 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 109 11 skulto skulto NOUN aijhass-91 109 12 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 109 13 you you PRON aijhass-91 109 14 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 109 15 please please INTJ aijhass-91 109 16 forward forward ADV aijhass-91 109 17 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 109 18 school school NOUN aijhass-91 109 19 15 15 NUM aijhass-91 109 20 fyn fyn PROPN aijhass-91 109 21 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 109 22 u u NOUN aijhass-91 109 23 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 109 24 dat dat PROPN aijhass-91 109 25 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 109 26 skull skull NOUN aijhass-91 109 27 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 109 28 dat dat PROPN aijhass-91 109 29 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 109 30 d d PROPN aijhass-91 109 31 fine fine NOUN aijhass-91 109 32 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 109 33 you you PRON aijhass-91 109 34 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 109 35 that that SCONJ aijhass-91 109 36 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 109 37 school school NOUN aijhass-91 109 38 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 109 39 that that SCONJ aijhass-91 109 40 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 109 41 the the DET aijhass-91 109 42 16 16 NUM aijhass-91 109 43 ur ur NOUN aijhass-91 109 44 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 109 45 pls pls INTJ aijhass-91 109 46 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 109 47 d d PROPN aijhass-91 109 48 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 109 49 2 2 NUM aijhass-91 109 50 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 109 51 u u NOUN aijhass-91 109 52 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 109 53 2 2 NUM aijhass-91 109 54 your your PRON aijhass-91 109 55 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 109 56 please please INTJ aijhass-91 109 57 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 109 58 the the PRON aijhass-91 109 59 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 109 60 to to PART aijhass-91 109 61 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 109 62 you you PRON aijhass-91 109 63 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 109 64 to to ADP aijhass-91 109 65 17 17 NUM aijhass-91 109 66 how how SCONJ aijhass-91 109 67 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 109 68 u u NOUN aijhass-91 109 69 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 109 70 dat dat PROPN aijhass-91 109 71 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 109 72 d d X aijhass-91 109 73 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 109 74 2day 2day PROPN aijhass-91 110 1 how how SCONJ aijhass-91 110 2 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 110 3 you you PRON aijhass-91 110 4 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 110 5 that that SCONJ aijhass-91 110 6 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 110 7 the the DET aijhass-91 110 8 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 110 9 today today NOUN aijhass-91 110 10 18 18 NUM aijhass-91 110 11 u u NOUN aijhass-91 110 12 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 110 13 u u NOUN aijhass-91 110 14 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 110 15 ti ti VERB aijhass-91 110 16 you you PRON aijhass-91 110 17 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 110 18 you you PRON aijhass-91 110 19 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 110 20 till till SCONJ aijhass-91 110 21 19 19 NUM aijhass-91 110 22 u u NOUN aijhass-91 110 23 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 110 24 u u NOUN aijhass-91 110 25 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 110 26 u u NOUN aijhass-91 110 27 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 110 28 d d PROPN aijhass-91 110 29 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 110 30 u u NOUN aijhass-91 110 31 you you PRON aijhass-91 110 32 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 110 33 you you PRON aijhass-91 110 34 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 110 35 you you PRON aijhass-91 110 36 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 110 37 the the PRON aijhass-91 110 38 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 110 39 you you PRON aijhass-91 110 40 20 20 NUM aijhass-91 110 41 how how SCONJ aijhass-91 110 42 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 110 43 u u NOUN aijhass-91 110 44 how how SCONJ aijhass-91 110 45 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 110 46 you you PRON aijhass-91 110 47 21 21 NUM aijhass-91 110 48 fyn fyn PROPN aijhass-91 110 49 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 110 50 2day 2day NUM aijhass-91 110 51 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 110 52 pls pls NOUN aijhass-91 110 53 fine fine ADJ aijhass-91 110 54 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 110 55 today today NOUN aijhass-91 110 56 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 110 57 please please INTJ aijhass-91 110 58 22 22 NUM aijhass-91 110 59 gud gud PROPN aijhass-91 110 60 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 110 61 u u NOUN aijhass-91 110 62 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 110 63 ur ur INTJ aijhass-91 110 64 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 110 65 ok ok INTJ aijhass-91 110 66 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 110 67 d d NOUN aijhass-91 110 68 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 110 69 skull skull NOUN aijhass-91 110 70 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 110 71 u u NOUN aijhass-91 110 72 good good ADJ aijhass-91 110 73 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 110 74 you you PRON aijhass-91 110 75 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 110 76 your your PRON aijhass-91 110 77 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 110 78 okay okay INTJ aijhass-91 110 79 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 110 80 the the DET aijhass-91 110 81 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 110 82 school school NOUN aijhass-91 110 83 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 110 84 you you PRON aijhass-91 110 85 23 23 NUM aijhass-91 110 86 pls pls INTJ aijhass-91 110 87 please please INTJ aijhass-91 110 88 24 24 NUM aijhass-91 110 89 u u NOUN aijhass-91 110 90 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 110 91 hw hw VERB aijhass-91 110 92 you you PRON aijhass-91 110 93 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 110 94 how how SCONJ aijhass-91 110 95 25 25 NUM aijhass-91 110 96 u u NOUN aijhass-91 110 97 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 110 98 edu edu PROPN aijhass-91 110 99 you you PRON aijhass-91 110 100 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 110 101 education education NOUN aijhass-91 110 102 26 26 NUM aijhass-91 110 103 hw hw NOUN aijhass-91 110 104 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 110 105 u u NOUN aijhass-91 110 106 how how SCONJ aijhass-91 110 107 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 110 108 you you PRON aijhass-91 110 109 27 27 NUM aijhass-91 110 110 u u NOUN aijhass-91 110 111 you you PRON aijhass-91 110 112 28 28 NUM aijhass-91 110 113 u u VERB aijhass-91 110 114 you you PRON aijhass-91 110 115 29 29 NUM aijhass-91 110 116 5n 5n NOUN aijhass-91 110 117 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 110 118 4 4 NUM aijhass-91 110 119 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 110 120 u u NOUN aijhass-91 110 121 fine fine ADJ aijhass-91 110 122 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 110 123 for for ADV aijhass-91 110 124 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 110 125 you you PRON aijhass-91 110 126 30 30 NUM aijhass-91 110 127 ur ur VERB aijhass-91 110 128 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 110 129 u u NOUN aijhass-91 110 130 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 110 131 4 4 NUM aijhass-91 110 132 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 110 133 u u NOUN aijhass-91 110 134 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 110 135 skul skul PROPN aijhass-91 110 136 your your PRON aijhass-91 110 137 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 110 138 you you PRON aijhass-91 110 139 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 110 140 for for ADP aijhass-91 110 141 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 110 142 you you PRON aijhass-91 110 143 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 110 144 school school NOUN aijhass-91 110 145 31 31 NUM aijhass-91 110 146 pls pls INTJ aijhass-91 110 147 please please INTJ aijhass-91 110 148 www.acseusa.org/journal/index.php/aijhass www.acseusa.org/journal/index.php/aijhass PROPN aijhass-91 110 149 american american PROPN aijhass-91 110 150 international international PROPN aijhass-91 110 151 journal journal PROPN aijhass-91 110 152 of of ADP aijhass-91 110 153 humanities humanity NOUN aijhass-91 110 154 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 110 155 arts art NOUN aijhass-91 110 156 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 110 157 social social ADJ aijhass-91 110 158 sciences sciences PROPN aijhass-91 110 159 vol vol NOUN aijhass-91 110 160 . . PROPN aijhass-91 111 1 2 2 NUM aijhass-91 111 2 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 111 3 no no INTJ aijhass-91 111 4 . . NOUN aijhass-91 111 5 1 1 NUM aijhass-91 111 6 ; ; PUNCT aijhass-91 111 7 2020 2020 NUM aijhass-91 111 8 42 42 NUM aijhass-91 111 9 32 32 NUM aijhass-91 111 10 2 2 NUM aijhass-91 111 11 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 111 12 dat dat ADJ aijhass-91 111 13 to to ADP aijhass-91 111 14 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 111 15 that that DET aijhass-91 111 16 male male ADJ aijhass-91 111 17 students student NOUN aijhass-91 111 18 that that PRON aijhass-91 111 19 participated participate VERB aijhass-91 111 20 = = SYM aijhass-91 111 21 34 34 NUM aijhass-91 111 22 ( ( PUNCT aijhass-91 111 23 representing represent VERB aijhass-91 111 24 41 41 NUM aijhass-91 111 25 % % NOUN aijhass-91 111 26 of of ADP aijhass-91 111 27 the the DET aijhass-91 111 28 total total ADJ aijhass-91 111 29 population population NOUN aijhass-91 111 30 ) ) PUNCT aijhass-91 111 31 female female ADJ aijhass-91 111 32 students student NOUN aijhass-91 111 33 that that PRON aijhass-91 111 34 participated= participated= PROPN aijhass-91 111 35 49(representing 49(represente VERB aijhass-91 111 36 59 59 NUM aijhass-91 111 37 % % NOUN aijhass-91 111 38 of of ADP aijhass-91 111 39 the the DET aijhass-91 111 40 total total ADJ aijhass-91 111 41 population population NOUN aijhass-91 111 42 ) ) PUNCT aijhass-91 111 43 note note NOUN aijhass-91 111 44 : : PUNCT aijhass-91 111 45 these these PRON aijhass-91 111 46 are be AUX aijhass-91 111 47 the the DET aijhass-91 111 48 number number NOUN aijhass-91 111 49 of of ADP aijhass-91 111 50 students student NOUN aijhass-91 111 51 that that PRON aijhass-91 111 52 used use VERB aijhass-91 111 53 abbreviated abbreviate VERB aijhass-91 111 54 words word NOUN aijhass-91 111 55 in in ADP aijhass-91 111 56 their their PRON aijhass-91 111 57 letters letter NOUN aijhass-91 111 58 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 111 59 the the DET aijhass-91 111 60 total total NOUN aijhass-91 111 61 of of ADP aijhass-91 111 62 number number NOUN aijhass-91 111 63 of of ADP aijhass-91 111 64 students student NOUN aijhass-91 111 65 that that PRON aijhass-91 111 66 participated participate VERB aijhass-91 111 67 in in ADP aijhass-91 111 68 the the DET aijhass-91 111 69 study study NOUN aijhass-91 111 70 was be AUX aijhass-91 111 71 eighty eighty NUM aijhass-91 111 72 - - PUNCT aijhass-91 111 73 three three NUM aijhass-91 111 74 ( ( PUNCT aijhass-91 111 75 83 83 NUM aijhass-91 111 76 ) ) PUNCT aijhass-91 111 77 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 112 1 the the DET aijhass-91 112 2 remaining remain VERB aijhass-91 112 3 51 51 NUM aijhass-91 112 4 students student NOUN aijhass-91 112 5 did do AUX aijhass-91 112 6 not not PART aijhass-91 112 7 abbreviated abbreviate VERB aijhass-91 112 8 words word NOUN aijhass-91 112 9 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 113 1 source source NOUN aijhass-91 113 2 : : PUNCT aijhass-91 113 3 field field NOUN aijhass-91 113 4 work work NOUN aijhass-91 113 5 by by ADP aijhass-91 113 6 the the DET aijhass-91 113 7 researcher researcher NOUN aijhass-91 113 8 in in ADP aijhass-91 113 9 2018 2018 NUM aijhass-91 113 10 3.2 3.2 NUM aijhass-91 113 11 research research NOUN aijhass-91 113 12 question question NOUN aijhass-91 113 13 1 1 NUM aijhass-91 113 14 : : PUNCT aijhass-91 113 15 calculate calculate VERB aijhass-91 113 16 the the DET aijhass-91 113 17 difference difference NOUN aijhass-91 113 18 between between ADP aijhass-91 113 19 students student NOUN aijhass-91 113 20 that that PRON aijhass-91 113 21 abbreviated abbreviate VERB aijhass-91 113 22 words word NOUN aijhass-91 113 23 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 113 24 those those PRON aijhass-91 113 25 that that PRON aijhass-91 113 26 do do AUX aijhass-91 113 27 not not PART aijhass-91 113 28 abbreviate abbreviate VERB aijhass-91 113 29 words word NOUN aijhass-91 113 30 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 114 1 total total ADJ aijhass-91 114 2 number number NOUN aijhass-91 114 3 of of ADP aijhass-91 114 4 students student NOUN aijhass-91 114 5 = = NOUN aijhass-91 114 6 83 83 NUM aijhass-91 114 7 number number NOUN aijhass-91 114 8 of of ADP aijhass-91 114 9 students student NOUN aijhass-91 114 10 that that PRON aijhass-91 114 11 abbreviated abbreviate VERB aijhass-91 114 12 = = SYM aijhass-91 114 13 32 32 NUM aijhass-91 114 14 number number NOUN aijhass-91 114 15 of of ADP aijhass-91 114 16 students student NOUN aijhass-91 114 17 that that PRON aijhass-91 114 18 did do VERB aijhass-91 114 19 n’t not PART aijhass-91 114 20 abbreviation= abbreviation= NUM aijhass-91 114 21 51 51 NUM aijhass-91 114 22 result result NOUN aijhass-91 114 23 = = X aijhass-91 114 24 highest high ADJ aijhass-91 114 25 – – PUNCT aijhass-91 114 26 lowest low ADJ aijhass-91 114 27 51 51 NUM aijhass-91 114 28 - - SYM aijhass-91 114 29 32 32 NUM aijhass-91 114 30 = = SYM aijhass-91 114 31 19 19 NUM aijhass-91 114 32 answer answer NOUN aijhass-91 114 33 = = NOUN aijhass-91 114 34 19 19 NUM aijhass-91 114 35 this this PRON aijhass-91 114 36 means mean VERB aijhass-91 114 37 that that SCONJ aijhass-91 114 38 19 19 NUM aijhass-91 114 39 students student NOUN aijhass-91 114 40 falls fall VERB aijhass-91 114 41 between between ADP aijhass-91 114 42 students student NOUN aijhass-91 114 43 that that PRON aijhass-91 114 44 abbreviated abbreviate VERB aijhass-91 114 45 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 114 46 those those PRON aijhass-91 114 47 that that PRON aijhass-91 114 48 did do AUX aijhass-91 114 49 not not PART aijhass-91 114 50 abbreviate abbreviate VERB aijhass-91 114 51 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 115 1 3.3 3.3 NUM aijhass-91 115 2 research research NOUN aijhass-91 115 3 question question NOUN aijhass-91 115 4 2 2 NUM aijhass-91 115 5 : : PUNCT aijhass-91 115 6 list list NOUN aijhass-91 115 7 of of ADP aijhass-91 115 8 commonly commonly ADV aijhass-91 115 9 used use VERB aijhass-91 115 10 abbreviation abbreviation NOUN aijhass-91 115 11 words word NOUN aijhass-91 115 12 number number NOUN aijhass-91 115 13 of of ADP aijhass-91 115 14 students student NOUN aijhass-91 115 15 number number NOUN aijhass-91 115 16 of of ADP aijhass-91 115 17 times time NOUN aijhass-91 115 18 used use VERB aijhass-91 115 19 pls pls NOUN aijhass-91 115 20 9 9 NUM aijhass-91 115 21 9 9 NUM aijhass-91 115 22 u u NOUN aijhass-91 115 23 22 22 NUM aijhass-91 115 24 26 26 NUM aijhass-91 115 25 fyn fyn NOUN aijhass-91 115 26 5 5 NUM aijhass-91 115 27 5 5 NUM aijhass-91 115 28 please please INTJ aijhass-91 115 29 8 8 NUM aijhass-91 115 30 8 8 NUM aijhass-91 115 31 3.4 3.4 NUM aijhass-91 115 32 research research NOUN aijhass-91 115 33 question question NOUN aijhass-91 115 34 3 3 NUM aijhass-91 115 35 : : PUNCT aijhass-91 115 36 which which PRON aijhass-91 115 37 gender gender NOUN aijhass-91 115 38 abbreviated abbreviate VERB aijhass-91 115 39 words word NOUN aijhass-91 115 40 most most ADV aijhass-91 115 41 in in ADP aijhass-91 115 42 the the DET aijhass-91 115 43 study study NOUN aijhass-91 115 44 ? ? PUNCT aijhass-91 116 1 total total ADJ aijhass-91 116 2 number number NOUN aijhass-91 116 3 of of ADP aijhass-91 116 4 males male NOUN aijhass-91 116 5 that that PRON aijhass-91 116 6 participated participate VERB aijhass-91 116 7 was be AUX aijhass-91 116 8 34 34 NUM aijhass-91 116 9 1 1 NUM aijhass-91 116 10 ) ) PUNCT aijhass-91 116 11 male male ADJ aijhass-91 116 12 gender gender NOUN aijhass-91 116 13 that that PRON aijhass-91 116 14 abbreviated abbreviate VERB aijhass-91 116 15 words word NOUN aijhass-91 116 16 12 12 NUM aijhass-91 116 17 × × NOUN aijhass-91 116 18 100 100 NUM aijhass-91 116 19 34 34 NUM aijhass-91 116 20 × × NOUN aijhass-91 116 21 1 1 NUM aijhass-91 116 22 answer answer NOUN aijhass-91 116 23 = = NOUN aijhass-91 116 24 35.3 35.3 NUM aijhass-91 116 25 % % NOUN aijhass-91 116 26 2 2 NUM aijhass-91 116 27 ) ) PUNCT aijhass-91 116 28 female female ADJ aijhass-91 116 29 gender gender NOUN aijhass-91 116 30 that that PRON aijhass-91 116 31 abbreviated abbreviate VERB aijhass-91 116 32 words word NOUN aijhass-91 116 33 3 3 NUM aijhass-91 116 34 ) ) PUNCT aijhass-91 116 35 24 24 NUM aijhass-91 116 36 × × NOUN aijhass-91 116 37 100 100 NUM aijhass-91 116 38 4 4 NUM aijhass-91 116 39 ) ) PUNCT aijhass-91 116 40 49 49 NUM aijhass-91 116 41 × × NOUN aijhass-91 116 42 1 1 NUM aijhass-91 116 43 5 5 NUM aijhass-91 116 44 ) ) PUNCT aijhass-91 116 45 answer answer NOUN aijhass-91 116 46 = = NOUN aijhass-91 116 47 49 49 NUM aijhass-91 116 48 % % NOUN aijhass-91 116 49 therefore therefore ADV aijhass-91 116 50 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 116 51 female female ADJ aijhass-91 116 52 students student NOUN aijhass-91 116 53 was be AUX aijhass-91 116 54 the the DET aijhass-91 116 55 gender gender NOUN aijhass-91 116 56 that that PRON aijhass-91 116 57 abbreviated abbreviate VERB aijhass-91 116 58 words word NOUN aijhass-91 116 59 most most ADJ aijhass-91 116 60 3.5 3.5 NUM aijhass-91 116 61 research research NOUN aijhass-91 116 62 question question NOUN aijhass-91 116 63 4 4 NUM aijhass-91 116 64 : : PUNCT aijhass-91 116 65 implications implication NOUN aijhass-91 116 66 of of ADP aijhass-91 116 67 abbreviation abbreviation NOUN aijhass-91 116 68 on on ADP aijhass-91 116 69 letter letter NOUN aijhass-91 116 70 writing write VERB aijhass-91 116 71 total total ADJ aijhass-91 116 72 number number NOUN aijhass-91 116 73 of of ADP aijhass-91 116 74 students student NOUN aijhass-91 116 75 = = SYM aijhass-91 116 76 83 83 NUM aijhass-91 116 77 students student NOUN aijhass-91 116 78 that that PRON aijhass-91 116 79 abbreviated abbreviate VERB aijhass-91 116 80 words word NOUN aijhass-91 116 81 = = SYM aijhass-91 116 82 32 32 NUM aijhass-91 116 83 students student NOUN aijhass-91 116 84 that that PRON aijhass-91 116 85 did do AUX aijhass-91 116 86 not not PART aijhass-91 116 87 abbreviated abbreviate VERB aijhass-91 116 88 words= words= NUM aijhass-91 116 89 51 51 NUM aijhass-91 116 90 ( ( PUNCT aijhass-91 116 91 i i NOUN aijhass-91 116 92 ) ) PUNCT aijhass-91 116 93 percentage percentage NOUN aijhass-91 116 94 of of ADP aijhass-91 116 95 students student NOUN aijhass-91 116 96 that that PRON aijhass-91 116 97 used use VERB aijhass-91 116 98 abbreviated abbreviate VERB aijhass-91 116 99 words word NOUN aijhass-91 116 100 32 32 NUM aijhass-91 116 101 × × NOUN aijhass-91 116 102 100 100 NUM aijhass-91 116 103 83 83 NUM aijhass-91 116 104 × × NOUN aijhass-91 116 105 1 1 NUM aijhass-91 116 106 www.acseusa.org/journal/index.php/aijhass www.acseusa.org/journal/index.php/aijhass NOUN aijhass-91 116 107 american american PROPN aijhass-91 116 108 international international PROPN aijhass-91 116 109 journal journal PROPN aijhass-91 116 110 of of ADP aijhass-91 116 111 humanities humanity NOUN aijhass-91 116 112 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 116 113 arts art NOUN aijhass-91 116 114 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 116 115 social social ADJ aijhass-91 116 116 sciences sciences PROPN aijhass-91 116 117 vol vol NOUN aijhass-91 116 118 . . PROPN aijhass-91 117 1 2 2 NUM aijhass-91 117 2 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 117 3 no no INTJ aijhass-91 117 4 . . NOUN aijhass-91 117 5 1 1 NUM aijhass-91 117 6 ; ; PUNCT aijhass-91 117 7 2020 2020 NUM aijhass-91 117 8 43 43 NUM aijhass-91 117 9 answer answer NOUN aijhass-91 117 10 = = NOUN aijhass-91 117 11 38.6 38.6 NUM aijhass-91 117 12 % % NOUN aijhass-91 117 13 this this PRON aijhass-91 117 14 means mean VERB aijhass-91 117 15 that that SCONJ aijhass-91 117 16 38.6 38.6 NUM aijhass-91 117 17 % % NOUN aijhass-91 117 18 of of ADP aijhass-91 117 19 the the DET aijhass-91 117 20 total total ADJ aijhass-91 117 21 population population NOUN aijhass-91 117 22 of of ADP aijhass-91 117 23 the the DET aijhass-91 117 24 students student NOUN aijhass-91 117 25 used use VERB aijhass-91 117 26 abbreviated abbreviate VERB aijhass-91 117 27 words word NOUN aijhass-91 117 28 in in ADP aijhass-91 117 29 this this DET aijhass-91 117 30 study study NOUN aijhass-91 117 31 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 118 1 that that PRON aijhass-91 118 2 is is ADV aijhass-91 118 3 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 118 4 used use VERB aijhass-91 118 5 abbreviated abbreviate VERB aijhass-91 118 6 words word NOUN aijhass-91 118 7 in in ADP aijhass-91 118 8 their their PRON aijhass-91 118 9 letter letter NOUN aijhass-91 118 10 writing write VERB aijhass-91 118 11 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 119 1 ( ( PUNCT aijhass-91 119 2 2 2 X aijhass-91 119 3 ) ) PUNCT aijhass-91 119 4 percentage percentage NOUN aijhass-91 119 5 of of ADP aijhass-91 119 6 students student NOUN aijhass-91 119 7 that that PRON aijhass-91 119 8 did do AUX aijhass-91 119 9 n’t not PART aijhass-91 119 10 used use VERB aijhass-91 119 11 abbreviated abbreviate VERB aijhass-91 119 12 words word NOUN aijhass-91 119 13 51 51 NUM aijhass-91 119 14 × × NOUN aijhass-91 119 15 100 100 NUM aijhass-91 120 1 _ _ PUNCT aijhass-91 121 1 _ _ PUNCT aijhass-91 122 1 _ _ PUNCT aijhass-91 123 1 _ _ PUNCT aijhass-91 124 1 _ _ PUNCT aijhass-91 125 1 _ _ PUNCT aijhass-91 126 1 _ _ PUNCT aijhass-91 127 1 _ _ PUNCT aijhass-91 128 1 _ _ PUNCT aijhass-91 129 1 _ _ PUNCT aijhass-91 130 1 _ _ PUNCT aijhass-91 131 1 _ _ PUNCT aijhass-91 132 1 _ _ PUNCT aijhass-91 133 1 _ _ PUNCT aijhass-91 134 1 _ _ PUNCT aijhass-91 135 1 _ _ PUNCT aijhass-91 136 1 _ _ PUNCT aijhass-91 137 1 _ _ PUNCT aijhass-91 138 1 _ _ PUNCT aijhass-91 139 1 _ _ PUNCT aijhass-91 140 1 _ _ PUNCT aijhass-91 141 1 _ _ PUNCT aijhass-91 142 1 _ _ PUNCT aijhass-91 143 1 _ _ PUNCT aijhass-91 144 1 _ _ PUNCT aijhass-91 145 1 _ _ PUNCT aijhass-91 146 1 _ _ PUNCT aijhass-91 147 1 _ _ PUNCT aijhass-91 148 1 _ _ PUNCT aijhass-91 149 1 _ _ PUNCT aijhass-91 150 1 _ _ PUNCT aijhass-91 151 1 _ _ PUNCT aijhass-91 152 1 _ _ PUNCT aijhass-91 153 1 _ _ PUNCT aijhass-91 154 1 _ _ PUNCT aijhass-91 155 1 _ _ PUNCT aijhass-91 156 1 _ _ PUNCT aijhass-91 157 1 _ _ PUNCT aijhass-91 158 1 _ _ PUNCT aijhass-91 159 1 _ _ PUNCT aijhass-91 160 1 _ _ PUNCT aijhass-91 161 1 _ _ PUNCT aijhass-91 162 1 _ _ PUNCT aijhass-91 163 1 _ _ PUNCT aijhass-91 164 1 _ _ PUNCT aijhass-91 165 1 _ _ PUNCT aijhass-91 166 1 _ _ PUNCT aijhass-91 167 1 _ _ PUNCT aijhass-91 168 1 _ _ PUNCT aijhass-91 169 1 _ _ PUNCT aijhass-91 170 1 _ _ PUNCT aijhass-91 171 1 _ _ PUNCT aijhass-91 172 1 _ _ PUNCT aijhass-91 173 1 _ _ PUNCT aijhass-91 174 1 _ _ PUNCT aijhass-91 175 1 _ _ PUNCT aijhass-91 176 1 _ _ PUNCT aijhass-91 177 1 _ _ PUNCT aijhass-91 178 1 _ _ PUNCT aijhass-91 179 1 _ _ PUNCT aijhass-91 180 1 _ _ PUNCT aijhass-91 181 1 _ _ PUNCT aijhass-91 182 1 _ _ PUNCT aijhass-91 183 1 _ _ PUNCT aijhass-91 184 1 _ _ PUNCT aijhass-91 185 1 83 83 NUM aijhass-91 185 2 × × NOUN aijhass-91 185 3 1 1 NUM aijhass-91 185 4 answer answer NOUN aijhass-91 185 5 = = NOUN aijhass-91 185 6 61.4 61.4 NUM aijhass-91 185 7 % % NOUN aijhass-91 185 8 this this PRON aijhass-91 185 9 indicated indicate VERB aijhass-91 185 10 that that SCONJ aijhass-91 185 11 61.4 61.4 NUM aijhass-91 185 12 % % NOUN aijhass-91 185 13 of of ADP aijhass-91 185 14 the the DET aijhass-91 185 15 students student NOUN aijhass-91 185 16 used use VERB aijhass-91 185 17 in in ADP aijhass-91 185 18 this this DET aijhass-91 185 19 study study NOUN aijhass-91 185 20 did do AUX aijhass-91 185 21 not not PART aijhass-91 185 22 used use VERB aijhass-91 185 23 abbreviated abbreviate VERB aijhass-91 185 24 words word NOUN aijhass-91 185 25 in in ADP aijhass-91 185 26 their their PRON aijhass-91 185 27 letter letter NOUN aijhass-91 185 28 writing write VERB aijhass-91 185 29 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 186 1 finally finally ADV aijhass-91 186 2 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 186 3 this this PRON aijhass-91 186 4 means mean VERB aijhass-91 186 5 that that SCONJ aijhass-91 186 6 abbreviation abbreviation NOUN aijhass-91 186 7 of of ADP aijhass-91 186 8 words word NOUN aijhass-91 186 9 did do AUX aijhass-91 186 10 not not PART aijhass-91 186 11 have have VERB aijhass-91 186 12 effects effect NOUN aijhass-91 186 13 on on ADP aijhass-91 186 14 english english ADJ aijhass-91 186 15 language language NOUN aijhass-91 186 16 learning learning NOUN aijhass-91 186 17 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 186 18 writing write VERB aijhass-91 186 19 4 4 NUM aijhass-91 186 20 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 186 21 discussion discussion NOUN aijhass-91 186 22 of of ADP aijhass-91 186 23 findings finding NOUN aijhass-91 186 24 according accord VERB aijhass-91 186 25 to to ADP aijhass-91 186 26 ( ( PUNCT aijhass-91 186 27 ling ling NOUN aijhass-91 186 28 2010 2010 NUM aijhass-91 186 29 ) ) PUNCT aijhass-91 186 30 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 186 31 young young ADJ aijhass-91 186 32 adults adult NOUN aijhass-91 186 33 19 19 NUM aijhass-91 186 34 to to PART aijhass-91 186 35 21 21 NUM aijhass-91 186 36 years year NOUN aijhass-91 186 37 of of ADP aijhass-91 186 38 age age NOUN aijhass-91 186 39 have have AUX aijhass-91 186 40 reached reach VERB aijhass-91 186 41 the the DET aijhass-91 186 42 peak peak NOUN aijhass-91 186 43 of of ADP aijhass-91 186 44 using use VERB aijhass-91 186 45 text text NOUN aijhass-91 186 46 messaging messaging NOUN aijhass-91 186 47 in in ADP aijhass-91 186 48 their their PRON aijhass-91 186 49 life life NOUN aijhass-91 186 50 phases phase NOUN aijhass-91 186 51 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 187 1 ( ( PUNCT aijhass-91 187 2 craig craig PROPN aijhass-91 187 3 2003 2003 NUM aijhass-91 187 4 ) ) PUNCT aijhass-91 187 5 argues argue VERB aijhass-91 187 6 that that SCONJ aijhass-91 187 7 young young ADJ aijhass-91 187 8 people people NOUN aijhass-91 187 9 who who PRON aijhass-91 187 10 use use VERB aijhass-91 187 11 instant instant ADJ aijhass-91 187 12 messaging messaging NOUN aijhass-91 187 13 – – PUNCT aijhass-91 187 14 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 187 15 therefore therefore ADV aijhass-91 187 16 enter enter VERB aijhass-91 187 17 into into ADP aijhass-91 187 18 a a DET aijhass-91 187 19 practice practice NOUN aijhass-91 187 20 of of ADP aijhass-91 187 21 using use VERB aijhass-91 187 22 slang slang PROPN aijhass-91 187 23 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 187 24 phonetic phonetic ADJ aijhass-91 187 25 replacements replacement NOUN aijhass-91 187 26 subconsciously subconsciously ADV aijhass-91 187 27 increase increase VERB aijhass-91 187 28 their their PRON aijhass-91 187 29 knowledge knowledge NOUN aijhass-91 187 30 of of ADP aijhass-91 187 31 metalinguistic metalinguistic ADJ aijhass-91 187 32 the the DET aijhass-91 187 33 skill skill NOUN aijhass-91 187 34 of of ADP aijhass-91 187 35 understanding understand VERB aijhass-91 187 36 language language NOUN aijhass-91 187 37 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 187 38 culture culture NOUN aijhass-91 187 39 – – PUNCT aijhass-91 187 40 thus thus ADV aijhass-91 187 41 experiencing experience VERB aijhass-91 187 42 “ " PUNCT aijhass-91 187 43 tangible tangible ADJ aijhass-91 187 44 increases increase NOUN aijhass-91 187 45 in in ADP aijhass-91 187 46 overall overall ADJ aijhass-91 187 47 literacy literacy NOUN aijhass-91 187 48 ” " PUNCT aijhass-91 187 49 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 188 1 this this PRON aijhass-91 188 2 shows show VERB aijhass-91 188 3 that that SCONJ aijhass-91 188 4 it it PRON aijhass-91 188 5 is be AUX aijhass-91 188 6 not not PART aijhass-91 188 7 all all DET aijhass-91 188 8 a a DET aijhass-91 188 9 waste waste NOUN aijhass-91 188 10 of of ADP aijhass-91 188 11 time time NOUN aijhass-91 188 12 but but CCONJ aijhass-91 188 13 texting texte VERB aijhass-91 188 14 actually actually ADV aijhass-91 188 15 causes cause VERB aijhass-91 188 16 learners learner NOUN aijhass-91 188 17 to to PART aijhass-91 188 18 improve improve VERB aijhass-91 188 19 in in ADP aijhass-91 188 20 the the DET aijhass-91 188 21 culture culture NOUN aijhass-91 188 22 of of ADP aijhass-91 188 23 the the DET aijhass-91 188 24 language language NOUN aijhass-91 188 25 since since SCONJ aijhass-91 188 26 no no DET aijhass-91 188 27 language language NOUN aijhass-91 188 28 is be AUX aijhass-91 188 29 learned learn VERB aijhass-91 188 30 without without ADP aijhass-91 188 31 the the DET aijhass-91 188 32 culture culture NOUN aijhass-91 188 33 of of ADP aijhass-91 188 34 the the DET aijhass-91 188 35 people people NOUN aijhass-91 188 36 who who PRON aijhass-91 188 37 speak speak VERB aijhass-91 188 38 it it PRON aijhass-91 188 39 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 189 1 from from ADP aijhass-91 189 2 the the DET aijhass-91 189 3 examination examination NOUN aijhass-91 189 4 of of ADP aijhass-91 189 5 sms sms PROPN aijhass-91 189 6 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 189 7 the the DET aijhass-91 189 8 input input NOUN aijhass-91 189 9 of of ADP aijhass-91 189 10 other other ADJ aijhass-91 189 11 schools school NOUN aijhass-91 189 12 of of ADP aijhass-91 189 13 thought thought NOUN aijhass-91 189 14 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 189 15 we we PRON aijhass-91 189 16 realize realize VERB aijhass-91 189 17 that that SCONJ aijhass-91 189 18 sms sms PROPN aijhass-91 189 19 has have AUX aijhass-91 189 20 come come VERB aijhass-91 189 21 with with ADP aijhass-91 189 22 its its PRON aijhass-91 189 23 own own ADJ aijhass-91 189 24 lexicon lexicon NOUN aijhass-91 189 25 which which PRON aijhass-91 189 26 is be AUX aijhass-91 189 27 somehow somehow ADV aijhass-91 189 28 different different ADJ aijhass-91 189 29 from from ADP aijhass-91 189 30 the the DET aijhass-91 189 31 english english ADJ aijhass-91 189 32 language language NOUN aijhass-91 189 33 contracted contract VERB aijhass-91 189 34 forms form NOUN aijhass-91 189 35 that that PRON aijhass-91 189 36 we we PRON aijhass-91 189 37 know know VERB aijhass-91 189 38 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 190 1 the the DET aijhass-91 190 2 use use NOUN aijhass-91 190 3 of of ADP aijhass-91 190 4 sms sms PROPN aijhass-91 190 5 in in ADP aijhass-91 190 6 communication communication NOUN aijhass-91 190 7 has have AUX aijhass-91 190 8 greatly greatly ADV aijhass-91 190 9 eased ease VERB aijhass-91 190 10 communication communication NOUN aijhass-91 190 11 in in ADP aijhass-91 190 12 the the DET aijhass-91 190 13 last last ADJ aijhass-91 190 14 ten ten NUM aijhass-91 190 15 years year NOUN aijhass-91 190 16 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 191 1 according accord VERB aijhass-91 191 2 to to ADP aijhass-91 191 3 research research NOUN aijhass-91 191 4 question question NOUN aijhass-91 191 5 one one NUM aijhass-91 191 6 ; ; PUNCT aijhass-91 191 7 large large ADJ aijhass-91 191 8 number number NOUN aijhass-91 191 9 of of ADP aijhass-91 191 10 students student NOUN aijhass-91 191 11 did do AUX aijhass-91 191 12 not not PART aijhass-91 191 13 abbreviate abbreviate VERB aijhass-91 191 14 words word NOUN aijhass-91 191 15 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 192 1 the the DET aijhass-91 192 2 use use NOUN aijhass-91 192 3 of of ADP aijhass-91 192 4 sms sm NOUN aijhass-91 192 5 can can AUX aijhass-91 192 6 not not PART aijhass-91 192 7 only only ADV aijhass-91 192 8 be be AUX aijhass-91 192 9 seen see VERB aijhass-91 192 10 as as ADP aijhass-91 192 11 a a DET aijhass-91 192 12 negative negative ADJ aijhass-91 192 13 force force NOUN aijhass-91 192 14 in in ADP aijhass-91 192 15 the the DET aijhass-91 192 16 academic academic ADJ aijhass-91 192 17 world world NOUN aijhass-91 192 18 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 193 1 with with ADP aijhass-91 193 2 constant constant ADJ aijhass-91 193 3 use use NOUN aijhass-91 193 4 of of ADP aijhass-91 193 5 short short ADJ aijhass-91 193 6 forms form NOUN aijhass-91 193 7 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 193 8 students student NOUN aijhass-91 193 9 can can AUX aijhass-91 193 10 take take VERB aijhass-91 193 11 down down ADP aijhass-91 193 12 classroom classroom NOUN aijhass-91 193 13 notes note NOUN aijhass-91 193 14 faster fast ADV aijhass-91 193 15 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 194 1 however however ADV aijhass-91 194 2 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 194 3 students student NOUN aijhass-91 194 4 should should AUX aijhass-91 194 5 be be AUX aijhass-91 194 6 attentive attentive ADJ aijhass-91 194 7 when when SCONJ aijhass-91 194 8 it it PRON aijhass-91 194 9 comes come VERB aijhass-91 194 10 to to ADP aijhass-91 194 11 examinations examination NOUN aijhass-91 194 12 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 195 1 no no DET aijhass-91 195 2 examiner examiner NOUN aijhass-91 195 3 or or CCONJ aijhass-91 195 4 employer employer NOUN aijhass-91 195 5 will will AUX aijhass-91 195 6 excuse excuse VERB aijhass-91 195 7 a a DET aijhass-91 195 8 candidate candidate NOUN aijhass-91 195 9 who who PRON aijhass-91 195 10 uses use VERB aijhass-91 195 11 short short ADJ aijhass-91 195 12 forms form NOUN aijhass-91 195 13 in in ADP aijhass-91 195 14 an an DET aijhass-91 195 15 examination examination NOUN aijhass-91 195 16 situation situation NOUN aijhass-91 195 17 because because SCONJ aijhass-91 195 18 that that PRON aijhass-91 195 19 will will AUX aijhass-91 195 20 only only ADV aijhass-91 195 21 be be AUX aijhass-91 195 22 tantamount tantamount ADJ aijhass-91 195 23 to to PART aijhass-91 195 24 lack lack VERB aijhass-91 195 25 of of ADP aijhass-91 195 26 knowledge knowledge NOUN aijhass-91 195 27 on on ADP aijhass-91 195 28 the the DET aijhass-91 195 29 field field NOUN aijhass-91 195 30 of of ADP aijhass-91 195 31 study study NOUN aijhass-91 195 32 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 196 1 it it PRON aijhass-91 196 2 was be AUX aijhass-91 196 3 also also ADV aijhass-91 196 4 observed observe VERB aijhass-91 196 5 that that SCONJ aijhass-91 196 6 whereas whereas SCONJ aijhass-91 196 7 the the DET aijhass-91 196 8 general general ADJ aijhass-91 196 9 cry cry NOUN aijhass-91 196 10 is be AUX aijhass-91 196 11 that that SCONJ aijhass-91 196 12 sms sms PROPN aijhass-91 196 13 has have AUX aijhass-91 196 14 ruined ruin VERB aijhass-91 196 15 students student NOUN aijhass-91 196 16 ’ ' PUNCT aijhass-91 196 17 work work NOUN aijhass-91 196 18 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 196 19 the the DET aijhass-91 196 20 contrary contrary NOUN aijhass-91 196 21 is be AUX aijhass-91 196 22 true true ADJ aijhass-91 196 23 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 197 1 although although SCONJ aijhass-91 197 2 students student NOUN aijhass-91 197 3 may may AUX aijhass-91 197 4 not not PART aijhass-91 197 5 speak speak VERB aijhass-91 197 6 english english PROPN aijhass-91 197 7 most most ADJ aijhass-91 197 8 of of ADP aijhass-91 197 9 the the DET aijhass-91 197 10 time time NOUN aijhass-91 197 11 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 197 12 they they PRON aijhass-91 197 13 are be AUX aijhass-91 197 14 constrained constrain VERB aijhass-91 197 15 to to PART aijhass-91 197 16 use use VERB aijhass-91 197 17 letters letter NOUN aijhass-91 197 18 of of ADP aijhass-91 197 19 the the DET aijhass-91 197 20 english english ADJ aijhass-91 197 21 alphabet alphabet NOUN aijhass-91 197 22 to to PART aijhass-91 197 23 write write VERB aijhass-91 197 24 text text NOUN aijhass-91 197 25 messages message NOUN aijhass-91 197 26 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 198 1 therefore therefore ADV aijhass-91 198 2 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 198 3 unlike unlike ADP aijhass-91 198 4 seeing see VERB aijhass-91 198 5 sms sm NOUN aijhass-91 198 6 as as ADP aijhass-91 198 7 an an DET aijhass-91 198 8 evil evil NOUN aijhass-91 198 9 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 198 10 educationists educationist NOUN aijhass-91 198 11 should should AUX aijhass-91 198 12 see see VERB aijhass-91 198 13 what what PRON aijhass-91 198 14 good good ADJ aijhass-91 198 15 thing thing NOUN aijhass-91 198 16 has have AUX aijhass-91 198 17 come come VERB aijhass-91 198 18 out out ADP aijhass-91 198 19 of of ADP aijhass-91 198 20 it it PRON aijhass-91 198 21 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 198 22 remind remind VERB aijhass-91 198 23 students student NOUN aijhass-91 198 24 of of ADP aijhass-91 198 25 the the DET aijhass-91 198 26 need need NOUN aijhass-91 198 27 to to PART aijhass-91 198 28 discriminate discriminate VERB aijhass-91 198 29 between between ADP aijhass-91 198 30 formal formal ADJ aijhass-91 198 31 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 198 32 informal informal ADJ aijhass-91 198 33 situations situation NOUN aijhass-91 198 34 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 199 1 grammar grammar NOUN aijhass-91 199 2 rules rule NOUN aijhass-91 199 3 are be AUX aijhass-91 199 4 flaunted flaunt VERB aijhass-91 199 5 because because SCONJ aijhass-91 199 6 sms sm NOUN aijhass-91 199 7 texts text NOUN aijhass-91 199 8 are be AUX aijhass-91 199 9 mostly mostly ADV aijhass-91 199 10 written write VERB aijhass-91 199 11 in in ADP aijhass-91 199 12 haste haste NOUN aijhass-91 199 13 ; ; PUNCT aijhass-91 199 14 therefore therefore ADV aijhass-91 199 15 teachers teacher NOUN aijhass-91 199 16 should should AUX aijhass-91 199 17 consider consider VERB aijhass-91 199 18 the the DET aijhass-91 199 19 aspects aspect NOUN aijhass-91 199 20 of of ADP aijhass-91 199 21 grammar grammar NOUN aijhass-91 199 22 as as ADP aijhass-91 199 23 crucial crucial ADJ aijhass-91 199 24 for for ADP aijhass-91 199 25 classroom classroom NOUN aijhass-91 199 26 emphases emphasis NOUN aijhass-91 199 27 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 200 1 the the DET aijhass-91 200 2 use use NOUN aijhass-91 200 3 of of ADP aijhass-91 200 4 punctuation punctuation NOUN aijhass-91 200 5 marks mark NOUN aijhass-91 200 6 requires require VERB aijhass-91 200 7 further further ADJ aijhass-91 200 8 manipulations manipulation NOUN aijhass-91 200 9 on on ADP aijhass-91 200 10 the the DET aijhass-91 200 11 phone phone NOUN aijhass-91 200 12 which which PRON aijhass-91 200 13 hinders hinder VERB aijhass-91 200 14 many many ADJ aijhass-91 200 15 users user NOUN aijhass-91 200 16 which which PRON aijhass-91 200 17 is be AUX aijhass-91 200 18 why why SCONJ aijhass-91 200 19 many many ADJ aijhass-91 200 20 sms sms NOUN aijhass-91 200 21 users user NOUN aijhass-91 200 22 are be AUX aijhass-91 200 23 young young ADJ aijhass-91 200 24 people people NOUN aijhass-91 200 25 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 201 1 another another DET aijhass-91 201 2 aspect aspect NOUN aijhass-91 201 3 of of ADP aijhass-91 201 4 sms sms NOUN aijhass-91 201 5 usage usage NOUN aijhass-91 201 6 in in ADP aijhass-91 201 7 society society NOUN aijhass-91 201 8 which which PRON aijhass-91 201 9 can can AUX aijhass-91 201 10 be be AUX aijhass-91 201 11 mentioned mention VERB aijhass-91 201 12 is be AUX aijhass-91 201 13 its its PRON aijhass-91 201 14 anti anti ADJ aijhass-91 201 15 - - ADJ aijhass-91 201 16 social social ADJ aijhass-91 201 17 nature nature NOUN aijhass-91 201 18 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 202 1 many many ADJ aijhass-91 202 2 people people NOUN aijhass-91 202 3 who who PRON aijhass-91 202 4 text text VERB aijhass-91 202 5 messages message NOUN aijhass-91 202 6 block block VERB aijhass-91 202 7 out out ADP aijhass-91 202 8 from from ADP aijhass-91 202 9 others other NOUN aijhass-91 202 10 in in ADP aijhass-91 202 11 society society NOUN aijhass-91 202 12 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 203 1 it it PRON aijhass-91 203 2 is be AUX aijhass-91 203 3 regular regular ADJ aijhass-91 203 4 to to PART aijhass-91 203 5 travel travel VERB aijhass-91 203 6 around around ADP aijhass-91 203 7 the the DET aijhass-91 203 8 western western ADJ aijhass-91 203 9 world world NOUN aijhass-91 203 10 today today NOUN aijhass-91 203 11 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 203 12 not not PART aijhass-91 203 13 able able ADJ aijhass-91 203 14 to to PART aijhass-91 203 15 carry carry VERB aijhass-91 203 16 a a DET aijhass-91 203 17 conversation conversation NOUN aijhass-91 203 18 with with ADP aijhass-91 203 19 anyone anyone PRON aijhass-91 203 20 as as SCONJ aijhass-91 203 21 they they PRON aijhass-91 203 22 are be AUX aijhass-91 203 23 all all ADV aijhass-91 203 24 buried bury VERB aijhass-91 203 25 into into ADP aijhass-91 203 26 their their PRON aijhass-91 203 27 phones phone NOUN aijhass-91 203 28 chatting chat VERB aijhass-91 203 29 with with ADP aijhass-91 203 30 people people NOUN aijhass-91 203 31 all all ADV aijhass-91 203 32 over over ADP aijhass-91 203 33 the the DET aijhass-91 203 34 world world NOUN aijhass-91 203 35 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 204 1 in in ADP aijhass-91 204 2 cameroon cameroon PROPN aijhass-91 204 3 today today NOUN aijhass-91 204 4 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 204 5 the the DET aijhass-91 204 6 same same ADJ aijhass-91 204 7 trend trend NOUN aijhass-91 204 8 is be AUX aijhass-91 204 9 coming come VERB aijhass-91 204 10 up up ADP aijhass-91 204 11 in in ADP aijhass-91 204 12 homes home NOUN aijhass-91 204 13 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 204 14 social social ADJ aijhass-91 204 15 gatherings gathering NOUN aijhass-91 204 16 where where SCONJ aijhass-91 204 17 people people NOUN aijhass-91 204 18 get get VERB aijhass-91 204 19 silent silent ADJ aijhass-91 204 20 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 204 21 concentrate concentrate VERB aijhass-91 204 22 on on ADP aijhass-91 204 23 sending send VERB aijhass-91 204 24 or or CCONJ aijhass-91 204 25 receiving receive VERB aijhass-91 204 26 messages message NOUN aijhass-91 204 27 through through ADP aijhass-91 204 28 sms sms PROPN aijhass-91 204 29 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 205 1 sms sms PROPN aijhass-91 205 2 texting texte VERB aijhass-91 205 3 can can AUX aijhass-91 205 4 therefore therefore ADV aijhass-91 205 5 be be AUX aijhass-91 205 6 seen see VERB aijhass-91 205 7 as as ADP aijhass-91 205 8 a a DET aijhass-91 205 9 double double ADJ aijhass-91 205 10 - - PUNCT aijhass-91 205 11 edged edge VERB aijhass-91 205 12 sword sword NOUN aijhass-91 205 13 ; ; PUNCT aijhass-91 205 14 helping help VERB aijhass-91 205 15 in in ADP aijhass-91 205 16 one one NUM aijhass-91 205 17 way way NOUN aijhass-91 205 18 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 205 19 spoiling spoil VERB aijhass-91 205 20 on on ADP aijhass-91 205 21 the the DET aijhass-91 205 22 other other ADJ aijhass-91 205 23 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 206 1 this this DET aijhass-91 206 2 paper paper NOUN aijhass-91 206 3 set set VERB aijhass-91 206 4 out out ADP aijhass-91 206 5 to to PART aijhass-91 206 6 examine examine VERB aijhass-91 206 7 the the DET aijhass-91 206 8 implications implication NOUN aijhass-91 206 9 of of ADP aijhass-91 206 10 sms sms NOUN aijhass-91 206 11 text text NOUN aijhass-91 206 12 messaging messaging NOUN aijhass-91 206 13 on on ADP aijhass-91 206 14 english english ADJ aijhass-91 206 15 language language NOUN aijhass-91 206 16 writing writing NOUN aijhass-91 206 17 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 206 18 learning learn VERB aijhass-91 206 19 skills skill NOUN aijhass-91 206 20 of of ADP aijhass-91 206 21 students student NOUN aijhass-91 206 22 at at ADP aijhass-91 206 23 the the DET aijhass-91 206 24 secondary secondary ADJ aijhass-91 206 25 school school NOUN aijhass-91 206 26 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 207 1 having having AUX aijhass-91 207 2 examined examine VERB aijhass-91 207 3 the the DET aijhass-91 207 4 various various ADJ aijhass-91 207 5 schools school NOUN aijhass-91 207 6 of of ADP aijhass-91 207 7 thought thought NOUN aijhass-91 207 8 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 207 9 seen see VERB aijhass-91 207 10 some some PRON aijhass-91 207 11 of of ADP aijhass-91 207 12 the the DET aijhass-91 207 13 ways way NOUN aijhass-91 207 14 in in ADP aijhass-91 207 15 which which PRON aijhass-91 207 16 students student NOUN aijhass-91 207 17 use use VERB aijhass-91 207 18 short short ADJ aijhass-91 207 19 forms form NOUN aijhass-91 207 20 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 207 21 the the DET aijhass-91 207 22 impact impact NOUN aijhass-91 207 23 they they PRON aijhass-91 207 24 have have VERB aijhass-91 207 25 on on ADP aijhass-91 207 26 their their PRON aijhass-91 207 27 formal formal ADJ aijhass-91 207 28 writings writing NOUN aijhass-91 207 29 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 207 30 it it PRON aijhass-91 207 31 can can AUX aijhass-91 207 32 be be AUX aijhass-91 207 33 concluded conclude VERB aijhass-91 207 34 that that SCONJ aijhass-91 207 35 sms sms NOUN aijhass-91 207 36 text text NOUN aijhass-91 207 37 messaging messaging NOUN aijhass-91 207 38 has have AUX aijhass-91 207 39 come come VERB aijhass-91 207 40 to to PART aijhass-91 207 41 stay stay VERB aijhass-91 207 42 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 208 1 as as ADP aijhass-91 208 2 every every DET aijhass-91 208 3 innovation innovation NOUN aijhass-91 208 4 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 208 5 it it PRON aijhass-91 208 6 has have VERB aijhass-91 208 7 its its PRON aijhass-91 208 8 good good ADJ aijhass-91 208 9 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 208 10 bad bad ADJ aijhass-91 208 11 sides side NOUN aijhass-91 208 12 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 208 13 the the DET aijhass-91 208 14 user user NOUN aijhass-91 208 15 has have VERB aijhass-91 208 16 to to PART aijhass-91 208 17 be be AUX aijhass-91 208 18 able able ADJ aijhass-91 208 19 to to PART aijhass-91 208 20 distinguish distinguish VERB aijhass-91 208 21 when when SCONJ aijhass-91 208 22 it it PRON aijhass-91 208 23 is be AUX aijhass-91 208 24 appropriate appropriate ADJ aijhass-91 208 25 to to PART aijhass-91 208 26 use use VERB aijhass-91 208 27 short short ADJ aijhass-91 208 28 forms form NOUN aijhass-91 208 29 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 208 30 standard standard ADJ aijhass-91 208 31 forms form NOUN aijhass-91 208 32 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 208 33 even even ADV aijhass-91 208 34 when when SCONJ aijhass-91 208 35 to to PART aijhass-91 208 36 use use VERB aijhass-91 208 37 it it PRON aijhass-91 208 38 in in ADP aijhass-91 208 39 society society NOUN aijhass-91 208 40 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 209 1 it it PRON aijhass-91 209 2 was be AUX aijhass-91 209 3 also also ADV aijhass-91 209 4 brought bring VERB aijhass-91 209 5 out out ADP aijhass-91 209 6 that that SCONJ aijhass-91 209 7 though though SCONJ aijhass-91 209 8 one one NUM aijhass-91 209 9 school school NOUN aijhass-91 209 10 of of ADP aijhass-91 209 11 thought thought NOUN aijhass-91 209 12 thinks think VERB aijhass-91 209 13 it it PRON aijhass-91 209 14 is be AUX aijhass-91 209 15 so so ADV aijhass-91 209 16 bad bad ADJ aijhass-91 209 17 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 209 18 another another DET aijhass-91 209 19 school school NOUN aijhass-91 209 20 sees see VERB aijhass-91 209 21 it it PRON aijhass-91 209 22 as as ADP aijhass-91 209 23 a a DET aijhass-91 209 24 way way NOUN aijhass-91 209 25 of of ADP aijhass-91 209 26 getting get VERB aijhass-91 209 27 students student NOUN aijhass-91 209 28 to to PART aijhass-91 209 29 write write VERB aijhass-91 209 30 more more ADJ aijhass-91 209 31 which which PRON aijhass-91 209 32 was be AUX aijhass-91 209 33 already already ADV aijhass-91 209 34 failing fail VERB aijhass-91 209 35 in in ADP aijhass-91 209 36 many many ADJ aijhass-91 209 37 a a DET aijhass-91 209 38 classroom classroom NOUN aijhass-91 209 39 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 210 1 craig craig PROPN aijhass-91 210 2 ’s ’s PART aijhass-91 210 3 2003 2003 NUM aijhass-91 210 4 argument argument NOUN aijhass-91 210 5 that that SCONJ aijhass-91 210 6 young young ADJ aijhass-91 210 7 people people NOUN aijhass-91 210 8 who who PRON aijhass-91 210 9 use use VERB aijhass-91 210 10 instant instant ADJ aijhass-91 210 11 messaging messaging NOUN aijhass-91 210 12 subconsciously subconsciously ADV aijhass-91 210 13 increase increase VERB aijhass-91 210 14 their their PRON aijhass-91 210 15 knowledge knowledge NOUN aijhass-91 210 16 of of ADP aijhass-91 210 17 metalinguistic metalinguistic ADJ aijhass-91 210 18 – – PUNCT aijhass-91 210 19 ( ( PUNCT aijhass-91 210 20 the the DET aijhass-91 210 21 skill skill NOUN aijhass-91 210 22 of of ADP aijhass-91 210 23 understanding understand VERB aijhass-91 210 24 language language NOUN aijhass-91 210 25 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 210 26 culture culture NOUN aijhass-91 210 27 ) ) PUNCT aijhass-91 210 28 is be AUX aijhass-91 210 29 thus thus ADV aijhass-91 210 30 founded found VERB aijhass-91 210 31 meaning meaning NOUN aijhass-91 210 32 that that SCONJ aijhass-91 210 33 texting texting NOUN aijhass-91 210 34 should should AUX aijhass-91 210 35 actually actually ADV aijhass-91 210 36 be be AUX aijhass-91 210 37 encouraged encourage VERB aijhass-91 210 38 in in ADP aijhass-91 210 39 young young ADJ aijhass-91 210 40 people people NOUN aijhass-91 210 41 i.e. i.e. X aijhass-91 210 42 students student NOUN aijhass-91 210 43 – – PUNCT aijhass-91 210 44 who who PRON aijhass-91 210 45 experience experience VERB aijhass-91 210 46 “ " PUNCT aijhass-91 210 47 tangible tangible ADJ aijhass-91 210 48 increases increase NOUN aijhass-91 210 49 in in ADP aijhass-91 210 50 overall overall ADJ aijhass-91 210 51 literacy literacy NOUN aijhass-91 210 52 ” " PUNCT aijhass-91 210 53 – – PUNCT aijhass-91 210 54 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 210 55 therefore therefore ADV aijhass-91 210 56 enter enter VERB aijhass-91 210 57 into into ADP aijhass-91 210 58 a a DET aijhass-91 210 59 practice practice NOUN aijhass-91 210 60 of of ADP aijhass-91 210 61 using use VERB aijhass-91 210 62 slang slang PROPN aijhass-91 210 63 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 210 64 phonetic phonetic ADJ aijhass-91 210 65 replacements replacement NOUN aijhass-91 210 66 when when SCONJ aijhass-91 210 67 necessary necessary ADJ aijhass-91 210 68 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 210 69 which which PRON aijhass-91 210 70 may may AUX aijhass-91 210 71 be be AUX aijhass-91 210 72 part part NOUN aijhass-91 210 73 of of ADP aijhass-91 210 74 the the DET aijhass-91 210 75 culture culture NOUN aijhass-91 210 76 of of ADP aijhass-91 210 77 those those PRON aijhass-91 210 78 who who PRON aijhass-91 210 79 speak speak VERB aijhass-91 210 80 the the DET aijhass-91 210 81 language language NOUN aijhass-91 210 82 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 211 1 the the DET aijhass-91 211 2 sms sms NOUN aijhass-91 211 3 text text NOUN aijhass-91 211 4 messaging messaging NOUN aijhass-91 211 5 could could AUX aijhass-91 211 6 just just ADV aijhass-91 211 7 be be AUX aijhass-91 211 8 seen see VERB aijhass-91 211 9 as as ADP aijhass-91 211 10 a a DET aijhass-91 211 11 necessary necessary ADJ aijhass-91 211 12 evil evil NOUN aijhass-91 211 13 of of ADP aijhass-91 211 14 the the DET aijhass-91 211 15 21st 21st ADJ aijhass-91 211 16 century century NOUN aijhass-91 211 17 which which PRON aijhass-91 211 18 could could AUX aijhass-91 211 19 redeem redeem VERB aijhass-91 211 20 the the DET aijhass-91 211 21 dying die VERB aijhass-91 211 22 writing writing NOUN aijhass-91 211 23 skill skill NOUN aijhass-91 211 24 in in ADP aijhass-91 211 25 our our PRON aijhass-91 211 26 students student NOUN aijhass-91 211 27 worldwide worldwide ADV aijhass-91 211 28 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 212 1 www.acseusa.org/journal/index.php/aijhass www.acseusa.org/journal/index.php/aijhass PROPN aijhass-91 212 2 american american PROPN aijhass-91 212 3 international international PROPN aijhass-91 212 4 journal journal PROPN aijhass-91 212 5 of of ADP aijhass-91 212 6 humanities humanity NOUN aijhass-91 212 7 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 212 8 arts art NOUN aijhass-91 212 9 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 212 10 social social ADJ aijhass-91 212 11 sciences sciences PROPN aijhass-91 212 12 vol vol NOUN aijhass-91 212 13 . . PROPN aijhass-91 213 1 2 2 NUM aijhass-91 213 2 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 213 3 no no INTJ aijhass-91 213 4 . . NOUN aijhass-91 213 5 1 1 NUM aijhass-91 213 6 ; ; PUNCT aijhass-91 213 7 2020 2020 NUM aijhass-91 213 8 44 44 NUM aijhass-91 213 9 5 5 NUM aijhass-91 213 10 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 213 11 conclusion conclusion NOUN aijhass-91 213 12 the the DET aijhass-91 213 13 present present ADJ aijhass-91 213 14 study study NOUN aijhass-91 213 15 established establish VERB aijhass-91 213 16 that that DET aijhass-91 213 17 majority majority NOUN aijhass-91 213 18 ( ( PUNCT aijhass-91 213 19 51 51 NUM aijhass-91 213 20 students student NOUN aijhass-91 213 21 ) ) PUNCT aijhass-91 213 22 of of ADP aijhass-91 213 23 secondary secondary ADJ aijhass-91 213 24 school school NOUN aijhass-91 213 25 students student NOUN aijhass-91 213 26 ’ ' PUNCT aijhass-91 213 27 did do AUX aijhass-91 213 28 not not PART aijhass-91 213 29 abbreviate abbreviate VERB aijhass-91 213 30 words word NOUN aijhass-91 213 31 in in ADP aijhass-91 213 32 the the DET aijhass-91 213 33 study study NOUN aijhass-91 213 34 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 214 1 it it PRON aijhass-91 214 2 was be AUX aijhass-91 214 3 also also ADV aijhass-91 214 4 realized realize VERB aijhass-91 214 5 that that SCONJ aijhass-91 214 6 the the DET aijhass-91 214 7 female female ADJ aijhass-91 214 8 gender gender NOUN aijhass-91 214 9 abbreviated abbreviate VERB aijhass-91 214 10 words word NOUN aijhass-91 214 11 most most ADV aijhass-91 214 12 in in ADP aijhass-91 214 13 the the DET aijhass-91 214 14 study study NOUN aijhass-91 214 15 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 215 1 the the DET aijhass-91 215 2 study study NOUN aijhass-91 215 3 revealed reveal VERB aijhass-91 215 4 the the DET aijhass-91 215 5 list list NOUN aijhass-91 215 6 of of ADP aijhass-91 215 7 abbreviated abbreviate VERB aijhass-91 215 8 words word NOUN aijhass-91 215 9 of of ADP aijhass-91 215 10 the the DET aijhass-91 215 11 participants participant NOUN aijhass-91 215 12 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 216 1 finally finally ADV aijhass-91 216 2 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 216 3 the the DET aijhass-91 216 4 study study NOUN aijhass-91 216 5 concluded conclude VERB aijhass-91 216 6 that that SCONJ aijhass-91 216 7 text text NOUN aijhass-91 216 8 messaging messaging NOUN aijhass-91 216 9 did do AUX aijhass-91 216 10 not not PART aijhass-91 216 11 affect affect VERB aijhass-91 216 12 english english ADJ aijhass-91 216 13 language language NOUN aijhass-91 216 14 writing writing NOUN aijhass-91 216 15 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 216 16 learning learning NOUN aijhass-91 216 17 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 217 1 6 6 X aijhass-91 217 2 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 217 3 recommendations recommendation NOUN aijhass-91 217 4 arising arise VERB aijhass-91 217 5 from from ADP aijhass-91 217 6 the the DET aijhass-91 217 7 findings finding NOUN aijhass-91 217 8 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 217 9 conclusion conclusion NOUN aijhass-91 217 10 of of ADP aijhass-91 217 11 this this DET aijhass-91 217 12 study study NOUN aijhass-91 217 13 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 217 14 various various ADJ aijhass-91 217 15 recommendations recommendation NOUN aijhass-91 217 16 were be AUX aijhass-91 217 17 proposed propose VERB aijhass-91 217 18 to to PART aijhass-91 217 19 further far ADV aijhass-91 217 20 enhance enhance VERB aijhass-91 217 21 english english PROPN aijhass-91 217 22 language language NOUN aijhass-91 217 23 writing writing NOUN aijhass-91 217 24 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 217 25 learning learning NOUN aijhass-91 217 26 of of ADP aijhass-91 217 27 secondary secondary ADJ aijhass-91 217 28 school school NOUN aijhass-91 217 29 students student NOUN aijhass-91 217 30 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 217 31 which which PRON aijhass-91 217 32 will will AUX aijhass-91 217 33 result result VERB aijhass-91 217 34 to to ADP aijhass-91 217 35 academic academic ADJ aijhass-91 217 36 excellence excellence NOUN aijhass-91 217 37 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 217 38 high high ADJ aijhass-91 217 39 performance performance NOUN aijhass-91 217 40 of of ADP aijhass-91 217 41 the the DET aijhass-91 217 42 students student NOUN aijhass-91 217 43 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 218 1 therefore therefore ADV aijhass-91 218 2 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 218 3 this this DET aijhass-91 218 4 study study NOUN aijhass-91 218 5 should should AUX aijhass-91 218 6 be be AUX aijhass-91 218 7 applied apply VERB aijhass-91 218 8 in in ADP aijhass-91 218 9 various various ADJ aijhass-91 218 10 educational educational ADJ aijhass-91 218 11 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 218 12 counseling counseling NOUN aijhass-91 218 13 settings setting NOUN aijhass-91 218 14 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 219 1 these these DET aijhass-91 219 2 recommendations recommendation NOUN aijhass-91 219 3 are be AUX aijhass-91 219 4 given give VERB aijhass-91 219 5 subsequently subsequently ADV aijhass-91 219 6 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 220 1 there there PRON aijhass-91 220 2 is be VERB aijhass-91 220 3 a a DET aijhass-91 220 4 need need NOUN aijhass-91 220 5 for for SCONJ aijhass-91 220 6 students student NOUN aijhass-91 220 7 to to PART aijhass-91 220 8 make make VERB aijhass-91 220 9 realistic realistic ADJ aijhass-91 220 10 commitments commitment NOUN aijhass-91 220 11 to to ADP aijhass-91 220 12 their their PRON aijhass-91 220 13 academic academic ADJ aijhass-91 220 14 pursuits pursuit NOUN aijhass-91 220 15 with with ADP aijhass-91 220 16 the the DET aijhass-91 220 17 intension intension NOUN aijhass-91 220 18 to to PART aijhass-91 220 19 be be AUX aijhass-91 220 20 successful successful ADJ aijhass-91 220 21 academically academically ADV aijhass-91 220 22 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 221 1 it it PRON aijhass-91 221 2 is be AUX aijhass-91 221 3 also also ADV aijhass-91 221 4 important important ADJ aijhass-91 221 5 that that SCONJ aijhass-91 221 6 secondary secondary ADJ aijhass-91 221 7 school school NOUN aijhass-91 221 8 students student NOUN aijhass-91 221 9 should should AUX aijhass-91 221 10 develop develop VERB aijhass-91 221 11 high high ADJ aijhass-91 221 12 motivation motivation NOUN aijhass-91 221 13 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 221 14 this this PRON aijhass-91 221 15 will will AUX aijhass-91 221 16 also also ADV aijhass-91 221 17 aid aid VERB aijhass-91 221 18 their their PRON aijhass-91 221 19 english english ADJ aijhass-91 221 20 language language NOUN aijhass-91 221 21 writing writing NOUN aijhass-91 221 22 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 221 23 learning learning NOUN aijhass-91 221 24 which which PRON aijhass-91 221 25 may may AUX aijhass-91 221 26 result result VERB aijhass-91 221 27 in in ADP aijhass-91 221 28 academic academic ADJ aijhass-91 221 29 success success NOUN aijhass-91 221 30 not not PART aijhass-91 221 31 academic academic ADJ aijhass-91 221 32 failure failure NOUN aijhass-91 221 33 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 222 1 school school NOUN aijhass-91 222 2 counselors counselor NOUN aijhass-91 222 3 should should AUX aijhass-91 222 4 organize organize VERB aijhass-91 222 5 periodic periodic ADJ aijhass-91 222 6 academic academic ADJ aijhass-91 222 7 seminars seminar NOUN aijhass-91 222 8 for for ADP aijhass-91 222 9 secondary secondary ADJ aijhass-91 222 10 school school NOUN aijhass-91 222 11 students student NOUN aijhass-91 222 12 on on ADP aijhass-91 222 13 how how SCONJ aijhass-91 222 14 to to PART aijhass-91 222 15 develop develop VERB aijhass-91 222 16 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 222 17 maintain maintain VERB aijhass-91 222 18 high high ADJ aijhass-91 222 19 reward reward NOUN aijhass-91 222 20 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 222 21 motivation motivation NOUN aijhass-91 222 22 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 222 23 this this PRON aijhass-91 222 24 will will AUX aijhass-91 222 25 enhance enhance VERB aijhass-91 222 26 their their PRON aijhass-91 222 27 english english ADJ aijhass-91 222 28 language language NOUN aijhass-91 222 29 learning learning NOUN aijhass-91 222 30 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 223 1 teachers teacher NOUN aijhass-91 223 2 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 223 3 school school NOUN aijhass-91 223 4 owners owner NOUN aijhass-91 223 5 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 223 6 parents parent NOUN aijhass-91 223 7 should should AUX aijhass-91 223 8 also also ADV aijhass-91 223 9 encourage encourage VERB aijhass-91 223 10 students student NOUN aijhass-91 223 11 to to PART aijhass-91 223 12 develop develop VERB aijhass-91 223 13 positive positive ADJ aijhass-91 223 14 value value NOUN aijhass-91 223 15 on on ADP aijhass-91 223 16 english english ADJ aijhass-91 223 17 language language NOUN aijhass-91 223 18 writing writing NOUN aijhass-91 223 19 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 223 20 learning learning NOUN aijhass-91 223 21 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 223 22 towards towards ADP aijhass-91 223 23 their their PRON aijhass-91 223 24 academics academic NOUN aijhass-91 223 25 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 223 26 this this PRON aijhass-91 223 27 will will AUX aijhass-91 223 28 help help VERB aijhass-91 223 29 them they PRON aijhass-91 223 30 to to PART aijhass-91 223 31 be be AUX aijhass-91 223 32 successful successful ADJ aijhass-91 223 33 at at ADP aijhass-91 223 34 school school NOUN aijhass-91 223 35 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 224 1 references reference NOUN aijhass-91 224 2 akinlosotu akinlosotu PROPN aijhass-91 224 3 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 224 4 t. t. PROPN aijhass-91 224 5 n. n. PROPN aijhass-91 224 6 ( ( PUNCT aijhass-91 224 7 2016 2016 NUM aijhass-91 224 8 ) ) PUNCT aijhass-91 224 9 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 225 1 predictors predictor NOUN aijhass-91 225 2 of of ADP aijhass-91 225 3 whatsapp whatsapp NOUN aijhass-91 225 4 ‘ ' PUNCT aijhass-91 225 5 consumption consumption NOUN aijhass-91 225 6 ’ ' PUNCT aijhass-91 225 7 among among ADP aijhass-91 225 8 undergraduate undergraduate ADJ aijhass-91 225 9 students student NOUN aijhass-91 225 10 of of ADP aijhass-91 225 11 economics economic NOUN aijhass-91 225 12 in in ADP aijhass-91 225 13 ambrose ambrose PROPN aijhass-91 225 14 alli alli PROPN aijhass-91 225 15 university university PROPN aijhass-91 225 16 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 225 17 ekpoma.african ekpoma.african ADJ aijhass-91 225 18 research research NOUN aijhass-91 225 19 review review NOUN aijhass-91 225 20 ( ( PUNCT aijhass-91 225 21 affrev affrev NOUN aijhass-91 225 22 ) ) PUNCT aijhass-91 225 23 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 225 24 10(2):290 10(2):290 PROPN aijhass-91 225 25 - - SYM aijhass-91 225 26 301 301 NUM aijhass-91 225 27 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 225 28 akwanya akwanya PROPN aijhass-91 225 29 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 225 30 a.n a.n PROPN aijhass-91 225 31 . . PROPN aijhass-91 225 32 semantics semantic NOUN aijhass-91 225 33 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 225 34 discourse discourse NOUN aijhass-91 225 35 : : PUNCT aijhass-91 225 36 theories theory NOUN aijhass-91 225 37 of of ADP aijhass-91 225 38 meaning meaning NOUN aijhass-91 225 39 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 225 40 textual textual ADJ aijhass-91 225 41 analysis analysis NOUN aijhass-91 225 42 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 226 1 enugu enugu PROPN aijhass-91 226 2 : : PUNCT aijhass-91 226 3 acena acena PROPN aijhass-91 226 4 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 226 5 2007and 2007and NUM aijhass-91 226 6 english english ADJ aijhass-91 226 7 second second ADJ aijhass-91 226 8 language language NOUN aijhass-91 226 9 high high ADJ aijhass-91 226 10 school school NOUN aijhass-91 226 11 learners learner NOUN aijhass-91 226 12 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 226 13 ma ma PROPN aijhass-91 226 14 thesis thesis PROPN aijhass-91 226 15 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 227 1 aziz aziz PROPN aijhass-91 227 2 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 227 3 s. s. PROPN aijhass-91 227 4 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 227 5 shamim shamim PROPN aijhass-91 227 6 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 227 7 m. m. NOUN aijhass-91 227 8 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 227 9 aziz aziz PROPN aijhass-91 227 10 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 227 11 m. m. NOUN aijhass-91 227 12 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 227 13 & & CCONJ aijhass-91 227 14 avais avais PROPN aijhass-91 227 15 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 227 16 p. p. NOUN aijhass-91 227 17 ( ( PUNCT aijhass-91 227 18 2013 2013 NUM aijhass-91 227 19 ) ) PUNCT aijhass-91 227 20 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 228 1 “ " PUNCT aijhass-91 228 2 the the DET aijhass-91 228 3 impact impact NOUN aijhass-91 228 4 of of ADP aijhass-91 228 5 texting texting NOUN aijhass-91 228 6 / / SYM aijhass-91 228 7 sms sms NOUN aijhass-91 228 8 language language NOUN aijhass-91 228 9 on on ADP aijhass-91 228 10 academic academic ADJ aijhass-91 228 11 crystal crystal NOUN aijhass-91 228 12 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 228 13 d. d. PROPN aijhass-91 228 14 ( ( PUNCT aijhass-91 228 15 2001 2001 NUM aijhass-91 228 16 ) ) PUNCT aijhass-91 228 17 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 229 1 language language NOUN aijhass-91 229 2 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 229 3 the the DET aijhass-91 229 4 internet internet NOUN aijhass-91 229 5 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 230 1 cambridge cambridge PROPN aijhass-91 230 2 : : PUNCT aijhass-91 230 3 cambridge cambridge PROPN aijhass-91 230 4 university university PROPN aijhass-91 230 5 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 231 1 crystal crystal PROPN aijhass-91 231 2 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 231 3 d. d. PROPN aijhass-91 231 4 ( ( PUNCT aijhass-91 231 5 2008 2008 NUM aijhass-91 231 6 ) ) PUNCT aijhass-91 231 7 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 232 1 txtng txtng ADV aijhass-91 232 2 : : PUNCT aijhass-91 232 3 the the DET aijhass-91 232 4 gr8 gr8 NOUN aijhass-91 232 5 db8 db8 PROPN aijhass-91 232 6 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 233 1 oxford oxford NOUN aijhass-91 233 2 : : PUNCT aijhass-91 233 3 oxford oxford PROPN aijhass-91 233 4 university university PROPN aijhass-91 233 5 press press NOUN aijhass-91 233 6 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 234 1 crystal crystal PROPN aijhass-91 234 2 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 234 3 d. d. PROPN aijhass-91 234 4 ( ( PUNCT aijhass-91 234 5 2008 2008 NUM aijhass-91 234 6 ) ) PUNCT aijhass-91 234 7 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 235 1 txtng txtng ADV aijhass-91 235 2 : : PUNCT aijhass-91 235 3 the the DET aijhass-91 235 4 gr8 gr8 NOUN aijhass-91 235 5 db8 db8 PROPN aijhass-91 235 6 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 236 1 oxford oxford NOUN aijhass-91 236 2 : : PUNCT aijhass-91 236 3 oxford oxford PROPN aijhass-91 236 4 university university PROPN aijhass-91 236 5 press press NOUN aijhass-91 236 6 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 237 1 dansieh dansieh PROPN aijhass-91 237 2 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 237 3 s. s. PROPN aijhass-91 237 4 a. a. PROPN aijhass-91 237 5 ( ( PUNCT aijhass-91 237 6 2011 2011 NUM aijhass-91 237 7 ) ) PUNCT aijhass-91 237 8 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 238 1 sms sms PROPN aijhass-91 238 2 texting texte VERB aijhass-91 238 3 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 238 4 its its PRON aijhass-91 238 5 potential potential ADJ aijhass-91 238 6 impacts impact NOUN aijhass-91 238 7 on on ADP aijhass-91 238 8 students student NOUN aijhass-91 238 9 ’ ' PUNCT aijhass-91 238 10 written write VERB aijhass-91 238 11 communication communication NOUN aijhass-91 238 12 skills.international skills.international PROPN aijhass-91 238 13 journal journal NOUN aijhass-91 238 14 of of ADP aijhass-91 238 15 english english PROPN aijhass-91 238 16 linguistics linguistic NOUN aijhass-91 238 17 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 238 18 1(2 1(2 NUM aijhass-91 238 19 ): ): PUNCT aijhass-91 238 20 222 222 NUM aijhass-91 238 21 - - SYM aijhass-91 238 22 229 229 NUM aijhass-91 238 23 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 239 1 fakeye fakeye NOUN aijhass-91 239 2 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 239 3 d. d. PROPN aijhass-91 239 4 o. o. PROPN aijhass-91 239 5 & & CCONJ aijhass-91 239 6 ayede ayede PROPN aijhass-91 239 7 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 239 8 e. e. PROPN aijhass-91 239 9 ( ( PUNCT aijhass-91 239 10 2013).teachers 2013).teachers PROPN aijhass-91 239 11 ’ ' PUNCT aijhass-91 239 12 questioning question VERB aijhass-91 239 13 behaviour behaviour NOUN aijhass-91 239 14 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 239 15 instructional instructional ADJ aijhass-91 239 16 organisation organisation NOUN aijhass-91 239 17 as as ADP aijhass-91 239 18 correlates correlate NOUN aijhass-91 239 19 of of ADP aijhass-91 239 20 students student NOUN aijhass-91 239 21 ’ ' PUNCT aijhass-91 239 22 achievement achievement NOUN aijhass-91 239 23 in in ADP aijhass-91 239 24 english english PROPN aijhass-91 239 25 language.global language.global PROPN aijhass-91 239 26 journal journal NOUN aijhass-91 239 27 of of ADP aijhass-91 239 28 human human ADJ aijhass-91 239 29 social social ADJ aijhass-91 239 30 sciences science NOUN aijhass-91 239 31 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 239 32 13(2 13(2 NUM aijhass-91 239 33 ): ): PUNCT aijhass-91 239 34 13 13 NUM aijhass-91 239 35 - - SYM aijhass-91 239 36 19 19 NUM aijhass-91 239 37 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 239 38 fakeye fakeye PROPN aijhass-91 239 39 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 240 1 d. d. PROPN aijhass-91 240 2 o. o. PROPN aijhass-91 240 3 ( ( PUNCT aijhass-91 240 4 2012).predicting 2012).predicting NOUN aijhass-91 240 5 students student NOUN aijhass-91 240 6 ’ ' PUNCT aijhass-91 240 7 achievement achievement NOUN aijhass-91 240 8 in in ADP aijhass-91 240 9 english english ADJ aijhass-91 240 10 language language NOUN aijhass-91 240 11 from from ADP aijhass-91 240 12 teachers teacher NOUN aijhass-91 240 13 ’ ' PUNCT aijhass-91 240 14 classroom classroom NOUN aijhass-91 240 15 behaviour behaviour NOUN aijhass-91 240 16 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 240 17 teaching teaching NOUN aijhass-91 240 18 experience experience NOUN aijhass-91 240 19 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 241 1 european european ADJ aijhass-91 241 2 journal journal PROPN aijhass-91 241 3 of of ADP aijhass-91 241 4 educational educational ADJ aijhass-91 241 5 studies study NOUN aijhass-91 241 6 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 241 7 4(2):203 4(2):203 NUM aijhass-91 241 8 - - SYM aijhass-91 241 9 210 210 NUM aijhass-91 241 10 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 242 1 federal federal PROPN aijhass-91 242 2 republic republic PROPN aijhass-91 242 3 of of ADP aijhass-91 242 4 nigeria nigeria PROPN aijhass-91 242 5 ( ( PUNCT aijhass-91 242 6 2013).national 2013).national NUM aijhass-91 242 7 policy policy NOUN aijhass-91 242 8 on on ADP aijhass-91 242 9 education education NOUN aijhass-91 242 10 ( ( PUNCT aijhass-91 242 11 6th 6th ADJ aijhass-91 242 12 edition).nerdc edition).nerdc PROPN aijhass-91 242 13 press.yaba press.yaba PROPN aijhass-91 242 14 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 242 15 lagos lago NOUN aijhass-91 242 16 – – PUNCT aijhass-91 242 17 nigeria nigeria PROPN aijhass-91 242 18 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 243 1 freudenberg freudenberg PROPN aijhass-91 243 2 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 243 3 k k X aijhass-91 243 4 ( ( PUNCT aijhass-91 243 5 2009 2009 NUM aijhass-91 243 6 ) ) PUNCT aijhass-91 243 7 investigating investigate VERB aijhass-91 243 8 the the DET aijhass-91 243 9 impact impact NOUN aijhass-91 243 10 of of ADP aijhass-91 243 11 sms sm NOUN aijhass-91 243 12 speak speak VERB aijhass-91 243 13 on on ADP aijhass-91 243 14 the the DET aijhass-91 243 15 written write VERB aijhass-91 243 16 work work NOUN aijhass-91 243 17 of of ADP aijhass-91 243 18 english english PROPN aijhass-91 243 19 first first PROPN aijhass-91 243 20 language language PROPN aijhass-91 243 21 henry henry PROPN aijhass-91 243 22 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 243 23 j. j. PROPN aijhass-91 243 24 ( ( PUNCT aijhass-91 243 25 2004 2004 NUM aijhass-91 243 26 ) ) PUNCT aijhass-91 243 27 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 244 1 pupils pupil NOUN aijhass-91 244 2 resort resort NOUN aijhass-91 244 3 to to ADP aijhass-91 244 4 text text NOUN aijhass-91 244 5 language language NOUN aijhass-91 244 6 in in ADP aijhass-91 244 7 gcse gcse NOUN aijhass-91 244 8 exams exam NOUN aijhass-91 244 9 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 245 1 [ [ X aijhass-91 245 2 online].available online].available ADJ aijhass-91 245 3 : : PUNCT aijhass-91 245 4 holloway holloway PROPN aijhass-91 245 5 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 245 6 j. j. PROPN aijhass-91 245 7 ( ( PUNCT aijhass-91 245 8 2011 2011 NUM aijhass-91 245 9 ) ) PUNCT aijhass-91 245 10 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 246 1 sms sms PROPN aijhass-91 246 2 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 246 3 its its PRON aijhass-91 246 4 negative negative ADJ aijhass-91 246 5 effective effective ADJ aijhass-91 246 6 on on ADP aijhass-91 246 7 language.a language.a PROPN aijhass-91 246 8 contributionfrom contributionfrom ADP aijhass-91 246 9 < < X aijhass-91 246 10 http//www.ehow.com http//www.ehow.com X aijhass-91 246 11 > > X aijhass-91 246 12 ( ( PUNCT aijhass-91 246 13 retrieved retrieve VERB aijhass-91 246 14 on on ADP aijhass-91 246 15 may may PROPN aijhass-91 246 16 16 16 NUM aijhass-91 246 17 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 246 18 2016 2016 NUM aijhass-91 246 19 ) ) PUNCT aijhass-91 246 20 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 247 1 lenhart lenhart PROPN aijhass-91 247 2 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 247 3 a. a. NOUN aijhass-91 247 4 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 247 5 arafeh arafeh PROPN aijhass-91 247 6 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 247 7 s. s. PROPN aijhass-91 247 8 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 247 9 smith smith PROPN aijhass-91 247 10 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 247 11 a. a. PROPN aijhass-91 247 12 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 247 13 & & CCONJ aijhass-91 247 14 macgill macgill PROPN aijhass-91 247 15 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 247 16 a. a. PROPN aijhass-91 247 17 r. r. PROPN aijhass-91 247 18 ( ( PUNCT aijhass-91 247 19 2008 2008 NUM aijhass-91 247 20 ) ) PUNCT aijhass-91 247 21 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 248 1 writing writing NOUN aijhass-91 248 2 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 248 3 technology technology NOUN aijhass-91 248 4 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 248 5 teens.language-ingcseexams.html teens.language-ingcseexams.html NOUN aijhass-91 248 6 > > X aijhass-91 249 1 [ [ X aijhass-91 249 2 accessed access VERB aijhass-91 249 3 14 14 NUM aijhass-91 249 4 march march NOUN aijhass-91 249 5 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 249 6 2015 2015 NUM aijhass-91 249 7 ] ] PUNCT aijhass-91 249 8 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 250 1 njemanze njemanze PROPN aijhass-91 250 2 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 250 3 q. q. PROPN aijhass-91 250 4 u u PROPN aijhass-91 250 5 ( ( PUNCT aijhass-91 250 6 2012 2012 NUM aijhass-91 250 7 ) ) PUNCT aijhass-91 250 8 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 251 1 the the DET aijhass-91 251 2 ‘ ' PUNCT aijhass-91 251 3 sms sms NOUN aijhass-91 251 4 ’ ' PUNCT aijhass-91 251 5 style style NOUN aijhass-91 251 6 of of ADP aijhass-91 251 7 communication communication NOUN aijhass-91 251 8 : : PUNCT aijhass-91 251 9 implication implication NOUN aijhass-91 251 10 on on ADP aijhass-91 251 11 language language NOUN aijhass-91 251 12 usage usage NOUN aijhass-91 251 13 among among ADP aijhass-91 251 14 nigerian nigerian ADJ aijhass-91 251 15 university university NOUN aijhass-91 251 16 students student NOUN aijhass-91 251 17 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 252 1 journal journal NOUN aijhass-91 252 2 of of ADP aijhass-91 252 3 communication communication NOUN aijhass-91 252 4 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 252 5 3(1 3(1 NUM aijhass-91 252 6 ): ): PUNCT aijhass-91 252 7 17 17 NUM aijhass-91 252 8 - - SYM aijhass-91 252 9 23 23 NUM aijhass-91 252 10 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 253 1 nwagwu nwagwu PROPN aijhass-91 253 2 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 253 3 w. w. PROPN aijhass-91 253 4 e. e. PROPN aijhass-91 253 5 ( ( PUNCT aijhass-91 253 6 2012 2012 NUM aijhass-91 253 7 ) ) PUNCT aijhass-91 253 8 . . 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NOUN aijhass-91 260 5 project project PROPN aijhass-91 260 6 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 260 7 department department NOUN aijhass-91 260 8 of of ADP aijhass-91 260 9 english english PROPN aijhass-91 260 10 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 260 11 faculty faculty NOUN aijhass-91 260 12 of of ADP aijhass-91 260 13 arts art NOUN aijhass-91 260 14 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 260 15 university university NOUN aijhass-91 260 16 of of ADP aijhass-91 260 17 ilorin ilorin NOUN aijhass-91 260 18 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 260 19 ilorin ilorin NOUN aijhass-91 260 20 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 261 1 ong’onda ong’onda PROPN aijhass-91 261 2 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 261 3 n.a n.a PROPN aijhass-91 261 4 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 261 5 matu matu NOUN aijhass-91 261 6 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 261 7 p. p. NOUN aijhass-91 261 8 m m PROPN aijhass-91 261 9 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 261 10 oloo oloo ADJ aijhass-91 261 11 p. p. PROPN aijhass-91 261 12 a.(2011 a.(2011 PROPN aijhass-91 261 13 ) ) PUNCT aijhass-91 261 14 . . 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PUNCT aijhass-91 265 1 “ " PUNCT aijhass-91 265 2 teachers teacher NOUN aijhass-91 265 3 say say VERB aijhass-91 265 4 text text NOUN aijhass-91 265 5 messages message NOUN aijhass-91 265 6 r r NOUN aijhass-91 265 7 ruining ruin VERB aijhass-91 265 8 kids kid NOUN aijhass-91 265 9 ’ ' PUNCT aijhass-91 265 10 riting riting NOUN aijhass-91 265 11 skills skill NOUN aijhass-91 265 12 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 265 13 ” " PUNCT aijhass-91 266 1 american american ADJ aijhass-91 266 2 teacher teacher NOUN aijhass-91 266 3 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 266 4 92 92 NUM aijhass-91 266 5 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 266 6 4 4 NUM aijhass-91 266 7 . . X aijhass-91 267 1 russel russel PROPN aijhass-91 267 2 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 267 3 l.(2010 l.(2010 PROPN aijhass-91 267 4 ) ) PUNCT aijhass-91 267 5 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 268 1 the the DET aijhass-91 268 2 effects effect NOUN aijhass-91 268 3 of of ADP aijhass-91 268 4 text text NOUN aijhass-91 268 5 messaging messaging NOUN aijhass-91 268 6 on on ADP aijhass-91 268 7 englishgrammar englishgrammar PROPN aijhass-91 268 8 / / SYM aijhass-91 268 9 e e PROPN aijhass-91 268 10 how.com.from how.com.from NUM aijhass-91 268 11 http://www.ehow.com5828172effect-text-messaging-english-grammer.hmt/#ixzz/gaaodevq.(retrieved http://www.ehow.com5828172effect-text-messaging-english-grammer.hmt/#ixzz/gaaodevq.(retrieve VERB aijhass-91 268 12 3rd 3rd PROPN aijhass-91 268 13 june june PROPN aijhass-91 268 14 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 268 15 2016 2016 NUM aijhass-91 268 16 ) ) PUNCT aijhass-91 268 17 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 269 1 http://www.elixirpublisher.com/ http://www.elixirpublisher.com/ PROPN aijhass-91 269 2 www.acseusa.org/journal/index.php/aijhass www.acseusa.org/journal/index.php/aijhass PROPN aijhass-91 269 3 american american PROPN aijhass-91 269 4 international international PROPN aijhass-91 269 5 journal journal PROPN aijhass-91 269 6 of of ADP aijhass-91 269 7 humanities humanity NOUN aijhass-91 269 8 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 269 9 arts art NOUN aijhass-91 269 10 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 269 11 social social ADJ aijhass-91 269 12 sciences sciences PROPN aijhass-91 269 13 vol vol NOUN aijhass-91 269 14 . . PROPN aijhass-91 270 1 2 2 NUM aijhass-91 270 2 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 270 3 no no INTJ aijhass-91 270 4 . . NOUN aijhass-91 270 5 1 1 NUM aijhass-91 270 6 ; ; PUNCT aijhass-91 270 7 2020 2020 NUM aijhass-91 270 8 45 45 NUM aijhass-91 270 9 russell russell PROPN aijhass-91 270 10 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 270 11 l. l. PROPN aijhass-91 270 12 ( ( PUNCT aijhass-91 270 13 2010 2010 NUM aijhass-91 270 14 ) ) PUNCT aijhass-91 270 15 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 271 1 the the DET aijhass-91 271 2 effects effect NOUN aijhass-91 271 3 of of ADP aijhass-91 271 4 text text NOUN aijhass-91 271 5 messaging messaging NOUN aijhass-91 271 6 on on ADP aijhass-91 271 7 english english ADJ aijhass-91 271 8 grammar grammar NOUN aijhass-91 271 9 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 272 1 [ [ X aijhass-91 272 2 online online X aijhass-91 272 3 ] ] X aijhass-91 272 4 available available ADJ aijhass-91 272 5 : : PUNCT aijhass-91 272 6 http://www.ehow.com http://www.ehow.com X aijhass-91 272 7 / / SYM aijhass-91 272 8 list_5828172_effects list_5828172_effect NOUN aijhass-91 272 9 - - PUNCT aijhass-91 272 10 text text NOUN aijhass-91 272 11 - - PUNCT aijhass-91 272 12 messaging message VERB aijhass-91 272 13 - - PUNCT aijhass-91 272 14 english english NOUN aijhass-91 272 15 - - PUNCT aijhass-91 272 16 rammar.html rammar.html NOUN aijhass-91 272 17 ( ( PUNCT aijhass-91 272 18 accessed access VERB aijhass-91 272 19 14 14 NUM aijhass-91 272 20 september september PROPN aijhass-91 272 21 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 272 22 2014 2014 NUM aijhass-91 272 23 ) ) PUNCT aijhass-91 272 24 taiwo taiwo PROPN aijhass-91 272 25 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 272 26 r. r. PROPN aijhass-91 272 27 ( ( PUNCT aijhass-91 272 28 2009 2009 NUM aijhass-91 272 29 ) ) PUNCT aijhass-91 272 30 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 273 1 the the DET aijhass-91 273 2 use use NOUN aijhass-91 273 3 of of ADP aijhass-91 273 4 socio socio NOUN aijhass-91 273 5 - - PUNCT aijhass-91 273 6 cultural cultural ADJ aijhass-91 273 7 elements element NOUN aijhass-91 273 8 for for ADP aijhass-91 273 9 creativity creativity NOUN aijhass-91 273 10 in in ADP aijhass-91 273 11 nigerian nigerian PROPN aijhass-91 273 12 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 273 13 sms sms NOUN aijhass-91 273 14 texts text NOUN aijhass-91 273 15 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 274 1 in in ADP aijhass-91 274 2 : : PUNCT aijhass-91 274 3 taiwo taiwo PROPN aijhass-91 274 4 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 274 5 r. r. PROPN aijhass-91 274 6 ( ( PUNCT aijhass-91 274 7 2010 2010 NUM aijhass-91 274 8 ) ) PUNCT aijhass-91 274 9 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 275 1 ‘ ' PUNCT aijhass-91 275 2 the the DET aijhass-91 275 3 thumb thumb NOUN aijhass-91 275 4 tribe tribe NOUN aijhass-91 275 5 ‘ ' PUNCT aijhass-91 275 6 : : PUNCT aijhass-91 275 7 creativity creativity NOUN aijhass-91 275 8 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 275 9 social social ADJ aijhass-91 275 10 change change NOUN aijhass-91 275 11 through through ADP aijhass-91 275 12 sms sms PROPN aijhass-91 275 13 in in ADP aijhass-91 275 14 nigeria nigeria PROPN aijhass-91 275 15 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 276 1 california california PROPN aijhass-91 276 2 linguistic linguistic PROPN aijhass-91 276 3 notes note NOUN aijhass-91 276 4 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 276 5 34(1):12 34(1):12 PROPN aijhass-91 276 6 - - SYM aijhass-91 276 7 26 26 NUM aijhass-91 276 8 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 277 1 thurlow thurlow PROPN aijhass-91 277 2 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 277 3 c. c. PROPN aijhass-91 277 4 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 277 5 poff poff PROPN aijhass-91 277 6 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 277 7 m. m. NOUN aijhass-91 277 8 ( ( PUNCT aijhass-91 277 9 2009).the 2009).the DET aijhass-91 277 10 language language NOUN aijhass-91 277 11 of of ADP aijhass-91 277 12 text text NOUN aijhass-91 277 13 messaging messaging NOUN aijhass-91 277 14 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 278 1 in in ADP aijhass-91 278 2 : : PUNCT aijhass-91 278 3 s.c s.c PROPN aijhass-91 278 4 . . PROPN aijhass-91 278 5 herring herring PROPN aijhass-91 278 6 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 278 7 d. d. PROPN aijhass-91 278 8 stein stein PROPN aijhass-91 278 9 & & CCONJ aijhass-91 278 10 t. t. PROPN aijhass-91 278 11 virtanen virtanen PROPN aijhass-91 278 12 ( ( PUNCT aijhass-91 278 13 eds ed NOUN aijhass-91 278 14 ) ) PUNCT aijhass-91 278 15 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 279 1 handbook handbook NOUN aijhass-91 279 2 of of ADP aijhass-91 279 3 the the DET aijhass-91 279 4 pragmatics pragmatic NOUN aijhass-91 279 5 of of ADP aijhass-91 279 6 cmc cmc NOUN aijhass-91 279 7 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 279 8 ( ( PUNCT aijhass-91 279 9 pp pp ADP aijhass-91 279 10 1 1 NUM aijhass-91 279 11 - - NUM aijhass-91 279 12 24 24 NUM aijhass-91 279 13 ) ) PUNCT aijhass-91 279 14 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 280 1 berlin berlin PROPN aijhass-91 280 2 & & CCONJ aijhass-91 280 3 new new PROPN aijhass-91 280 4 york york PROPN aijhass-91 280 5 : : PUNCT aijhass-91 280 6 mounton mounton PROPN aijhass-91 280 7 de de PROPN aijhass-91 280 8 grurter grurter PROPN aijhass-91 280 9 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 281 1 tomita tomita PROPN aijhass-91 281 2 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 281 3 d. d. PROPN aijhass-91 281 4 k. k. PROPN aijhass-91 282 1 ( ( PUNCT aijhass-91 282 2 2009).text 2009).text NUM aijhass-91 282 3 messaging messaging NOUN aijhass-91 282 4 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 282 5 implications implication NOUN aijhass-91 282 6 for for ADP aijhass-91 282 7 its its PRON aijhass-91 282 8 use use NOUN aijhass-91 282 9 in in ADP aijhass-91 282 10 education.tcc education.tcc SYM aijhass-91 282 11 2009 2009 NUM aijhass-91 282 12 proceedings proceeding NOUN aijhass-91 282 13 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 282 14 184 184 NUM aijhass-91 282 15 – – SYM aijhass-91 282 16 193 193 NUM aijhass-91 282 17 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 283 1 uhunmwangho uhunmwangho PROPN aijhass-91 283 2 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 283 3 a. a. NOUN aijhass-91 283 4 ( ( PUNCT aijhass-91 283 5 2009 2009 NUM aijhass-91 283 6 ) ) PUNCT aijhass-91 283 7 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 283 8 is be AUX aijhass-91 283 9 there there PRON aijhass-91 283 10 nigerian nigerian ADJ aijhass-91 283 11 english english PROPN aijhass-91 283 12 ? ? PUNCT aijhass-91 284 1 sms sms PROPN aijhass-91 284 2 text text NOUN aijhass-91 284 3 messaging messaging NOUN aijhass-91 284 4 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 284 5 the the DET aijhass-91 284 6 use use NOUN aijhass-91 284 7 of of ADP aijhass-91 284 8 english english ADJ aijhass-91 284 9 language language NOUN aijhass-91 284 10 in in ADP aijhass-91 284 11 nigeria nigeria PROPN aijhass-91 284 12 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 285 1 in in ADP aijhass-91 285 2 : : PUNCT aijhass-91 285 3 w. w. PROPN aijhass-91 285 4 adegbite adegbite PROPN aijhass-91 285 5 & & CCONJ aijhass-91 285 6 b. b. PROPN aijhass-91 285 7 olajide olajide PROPN aijhass-91 285 8 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 285 9 ( ( PUNCT aijhass-91 285 10 eds ed NOUN aijhass-91 285 11 ) ) PUNCT aijhass-91 285 12 english english NOUN aijhass-91 285 13 in in ADP aijhass-91 285 14 the the DET aijhass-91 285 15 nigerian nigerian ADJ aijhass-91 285 16 enviroment enviroment NOUN aijhass-91 285 17 : : PUNCT aijhass-91 285 18 emerging emerge VERB aijhass-91 285 19 patterns pattern NOUN aijhass-91 285 20 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 285 21 new new ADJ aijhass-91 285 22 challenges challenge NOUN aijhass-91 285 23 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 285 24 vol vol NOUN aijhass-91 285 25 24 24 NUM aijhass-91 285 26 ( ( PUNCT aijhass-91 285 27 pp.26 pp.26 ADJ aijhass-91 285 28 - - PUNCT aijhass-91 285 29 37 37 NUM aijhass-91 285 30 ) ) PUNCT aijhass-91 285 31 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 286 1 lagos lago NOUN aijhass-91 286 2 : : PUNCT aijhass-91 286 3 olivetree olivetree ADJ aijhass-91 286 4 publishing publishing NOUN aijhass-91 286 5 ventures venture NOUN aijhass-91 286 6 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 287 1 weiss weiss PROPN aijhass-91 287 2 k. k. PROPN aijhass-91 287 3 j. j. PROPN aijhass-91 288 1 ( ( PUNCT aijhass-91 288 2 2009 2009 NUM aijhass-91 288 3 ) ) PUNCT aijhass-91 288 4 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 289 1 an an DET aijhass-91 289 2 exploration exploration NOUN aijhass-91 289 3 of of ADP aijhass-91 289 4 the the DET aijhass-91 289 5 use use NOUN aijhass-91 289 6 of of ADP aijhass-91 289 7 text text NOUN aijhass-91 289 8 messaging messaging NOUN aijhass-91 289 9 by by ADP aijhass-91 289 10 college college NOUN aijhass-91 289 11 students student NOUN aijhass-91 289 12 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 289 13 its its PRON aijhass-91 289 14 impact impact NOUN aijhass-91 289 15 on on ADP aijhass-91 289 16 their their PRON aijhass-91 289 17 social social ADJ aijhass-91 289 18 and and CCONJ aijhass-91 289 19 literacy literacy NOUN aijhass-91 289 20 behaviors behavior NOUN aijhass-91 289 21 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 290 1 [ [ X aijhass-91 290 2 online online X aijhass-91 290 3 ] ] X aijhass-91 290 4 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 291 1 available: > X aijhass-91 292 1 [ [ PUNCT aijhass-91 292 2 accessed access VERB aijhass-91 292 3 14 14 NUM aijhass-91 292 4 march march NOUN aijhass-91 292 5 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 292 6 2015].writing 2015].writing NUM aijhass-91 292 7 of of ADP aijhass-91 292 8 studentswhat studentswhat PROPN aijhass-91 292 9 do do AUX aijhass-91 292 10 we we PRON aijhass-91 292 11 need need VERB aijhass-91 292 12 to to PART aijhass-91 292 13 panic panic VERB aijhass-91 292 14 about about ADP aijhass-91 292 15 ? ? PUNCT aijhass-91 292 16 ” " PUNCT aijhass-91 292 17 elixir elixir NOUN aijhass-91 292 18 linguistics linguistic NOUN aijhass-91 292 19 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 292 20 & & CCONJ aijhass-91 292 21 translation translation NOUN aijhass-91 292 22 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 293 1 55 55 NUM aijhass-91 293 2 1288412890 1288412890 NUM aijhass-91 293 3 . . PUNCT aijhass-91 294 1 copyrights copyright VERB aijhass-91 294 2 copyright copyright NOUN aijhass-91 294 3 for for ADP aijhass-91 294 4 this this DET aijhass-91 294 5 article article NOUN aijhass-91 294 6 is be AUX aijhass-91 294 7 retained retain VERB aijhass-91 294 8 by by ADP aijhass-91 294 9 the the DET aijhass-91 294 10 author(s author(s PROPN aijhass-91 294 11 ) ) PUNCT aijhass-91 294 12 , , PUNCT aijhass-91 294 13 with with ADP aijhass-91 294 14 first first ADJ aijhass-91 294 15 publication publication NOUN aijhass-91 294 16 rights right NOUN aijhass-91 294 17 granted grant VERB aijhass-91 294 18 to to ADP aijhass-91 294 19 the the DET aijhass-91 294 20 journal journal NOUN aijhass-91 294 21 . . 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