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 American International Journal of Multidisciplinary Scientific Research; Vol. 5, No. 1; 2019 

ISSN 2638-1249  E-ISSN 2638-1273 

 Research Article              Published by Centre for Research on Islamic Banking & Finance and Business, USA 

 

1 
 

A Literature Review on the Imidazole 
 

Muhammed  Abdel Hasan Shallal 

M.Sc  in  Chemistry , Assist .Lecturer ,Thiqar Government ,Iraq 

 

 

Abstract 

This review  gives  some  information  about  imidazole  ring  as a ( ligand , complex , antimicrobial , antimalarial , 

anticancer , uses , applications , linked   with  active  groups  such  as  Schiff  base , azo  group , ..). 

 

Keywords: Uses, Applications   

 
 

Imidazole ring has five membered ring systems that contain hydrogen binding domain, and electron donor nitrogen 

system(1-3).The first imidazole was described by Fischer (1882), but the nature of the ring system was demonstrated 

by Freud and Kuhn (1890)(4-6).  

Imidazole are important because their biological activity among their isomer, particularly the imidazole possessed a 

broad spectrum of biological activities including antimicrobial (90)antituberculosis(7-11) antioxidant(12-16) anti-

inflammatory(17-20) anticonvulsants(21-25) antidepressant and anxiolytic(26-31) antihypertensive(32-36) anticancer(37-40) and 

antifungal activity(41-44). 

 

Also,  studying(45) reported thatmany  imidazole derivatives were  dissolved in diluted  acid , and  coupling 

reaction(46) hours at (0) 0Cto give final product . 

 

Coupling  reaction that containing compounds react with  and  aromatic  primary  amine  to produce  imidazole- azo  

dyes (47).These compounds have wide attention   because  of  their  pharmacological activities such as hypertensive 



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agents (48),anticholinergic agents (49),antispasmodics(50), anticancer agents(51), oxo-tremorine antagonists (52) and 

antibacterial agents (53). 

 

Other  paper(54): synthesizedazo dyes- linked  with  phenol  derivative   from  coupling  reaction   with different   

compounds  in presence of  diluted  hydrochloric  acid  to   yield  ligands  then  complexation  with  some  ions : 

 

 

On the other hand , other  paper(55)  reported  that imidazole – mannich  derivatives(56)were  prepared through 

reaction of  secondary  aromatic   amine  compound with  carbonyl  compound    in presence of  strong   base, this 

mixture was stirred  for (5) hours  to  formation  many   antibacterial  compounds : 



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While  studying(57) usedbis- carboxylic  acid and diamine  compounds   in  closure  conditions   under  refluxing  for 

(6) hrs, then basified to give  imidazole derivative   as  anti- HIV : 

 

 

But  in  paper(58) reacted the imidazolewith triazole in existence of   closure   conditions  in DMF and stirred for (16 ) 

hours at room temperature  then  refluxing   for (7 ) hrs to give final product  antifungal  compounds: 

 

On the other hand   researcher(59) addedimidazole  ring  to  sulfur   and  nitrogen  compounds   to  formation  

compounds  involving   antitumor  activities: 



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In  new  paper60) reported the preparation ofimidazole   -azo  with  sulphone  compounds   as  antimlaria  

compounds: 

 

 

Antmalaria  compounds(61)was yield from reaction of  imidazole  compound  with  active  ring  from  thiadiazole  or  

oxadiazole  ring  : 

 

But  other  studying(61)  formatted  hydrazo- imidazole  derivatives  as  antifungal  compounds 



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Paper(62) succeed to   format  imidazole – imine  compounds  fromsubstituted compound reacted with  different 

aldehydes  under reflux (4) hours. 

 

Other  literature (63)
:prepared azomethine –imidazole  as analgesic   by reaction of aromatic  aldehydes with  amine   

imidazole : 

 

Imidazole  derivative  was   prepared by   reaction  of  benzimidazole(64)with  sulfur  or  disulfide  compounds   to  

formation  corrosion  inhibitors  compounds: 



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Studying(65):  prepared  polymer (vinyl chloride) dissolved in dry tetrahydrofuran, in reaction with amine under  

reflux for (7) hours to give final products   as  a polymers.  

 

Imidazole  in  Mixed  Ligands  , Complex –Mixed , which  prepared  from  condensation  reaction  of  di amine  

compounds with  carbonyl  compounds(66) : 

 

Also  in  other  studying  ,  imidazole  ligand  was  prepared   from  sulphone  derivative(67) : 



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Other   imidazole  compounds  were  prepared   as   drugs  in  medical  fields(68): 

 

But  in  new  studies,  imidazole  compounds  were  prepared   as  antitumor   in  medicinal  fields(69-70): 

 

And  other   paper ,  antibacterial(71-73)sulphonamide    compounds  were  synthesized: 



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