Copyright © CC-BY-NC 2019, CRIBFB | AIJMSR American International Journal of Multidisciplinary Scientific Research; Vol. 5, No. 1; 2019 ISSN 2638-1249 E-ISSN 2638-1273 Research Article Published by Centre for Research on Islamic Banking & Finance and Business, USA 1 A Literature Review on the Imidazole Muhammed Abdel Hasan Shallal M.Sc in Chemistry , Assist .Lecturer ,Thiqar Government ,Iraq Abstract This review gives some information about imidazole ring as a ( ligand , complex , antimicrobial , antimalarial , anticancer , uses , applications , linked with active groups such as Schiff base , azo group , ..). Keywords: Uses, Applications Imidazole ring has five membered ring systems that contain hydrogen binding domain, and electron donor nitrogen system(1-3).The first imidazole was described by Fischer (1882), but the nature of the ring system was demonstrated by Freud and Kuhn (1890)(4-6). Imidazole are important because their biological activity among their isomer, particularly the imidazole possessed a broad spectrum of biological activities including antimicrobial (90)antituberculosis(7-11) antioxidant(12-16) anti- inflammatory(17-20) anticonvulsants(21-25) antidepressant and anxiolytic(26-31) antihypertensive(32-36) anticancer(37-40) and antifungal activity(41-44). Also, studying(45) reported thatmany imidazole derivatives were dissolved in diluted acid , and coupling reaction(46) hours at (0) 0Cto give final product . Coupling reaction that containing compounds react with and aromatic primary amine to produce imidazole- azo dyes (47).These compounds have wide attention because of their pharmacological activities such as hypertensive Copyright © CC-BY-NC 2019, CRIBFB | AIJMSR www.cribfb.com/journal/index.php/aijmsr American International Journal of Multidisciplinary Scientific Research Vol. 5, No. 1; 2019 2 agents (48),anticholinergic agents (49),antispasmodics(50), anticancer agents(51), oxo-tremorine antagonists (52) and antibacterial agents (53). Other paper(54): synthesizedazo dyes- linked with phenol derivative from coupling reaction with different compounds in presence of diluted hydrochloric acid to yield ligands then complexation with some ions : On the other hand , other paper(55) reported that imidazole – mannich derivatives(56)were prepared through reaction of secondary aromatic amine compound with carbonyl compound in presence of strong base, this mixture was stirred for (5) hours to formation many antibacterial compounds : Copyright © CC-BY-NC 2019, CRIBFB | AIJMSR www.cribfb.com/journal/index.php/aijmsr American International Journal of Multidisciplinary Scientific Research Vol. 5, No. 1; 2019 3 While studying(57) usedbis- carboxylic acid and diamine compounds in closure conditions under refluxing for (6) hrs, then basified to give imidazole derivative as anti- HIV : But in paper(58) reacted the imidazolewith triazole in existence of closure conditions in DMF and stirred for (16 ) hours at room temperature then refluxing for (7 ) hrs to give final product antifungal compounds: On the other hand researcher(59) addedimidazole ring to sulfur and nitrogen compounds to formation compounds involving antitumor activities: Copyright © CC-BY-NC 2019, CRIBFB | AIJMSR www.cribfb.com/journal/index.php/aijmsr American International Journal of Multidisciplinary Scientific Research Vol. 5, No. 1; 2019 4 In new paper60) reported the preparation ofimidazole -azo with sulphone compounds as antimlaria compounds: Antmalaria compounds(61)was yield from reaction of imidazole compound with active ring from thiadiazole or oxadiazole ring : But other studying(61) formatted hydrazo- imidazole derivatives as antifungal compounds Copyright © CC-BY-NC 2019, CRIBFB | AIJMSR www.cribfb.com/journal/index.php/aijmsr American International Journal of Multidisciplinary Scientific Research Vol. 5, No. 1; 2019 5 Paper(62) succeed to format imidazole – imine compounds fromsubstituted compound reacted with different aldehydes under reflux (4) hours. Other literature (63) :prepared azomethine –imidazole as analgesic by reaction of aromatic aldehydes with amine imidazole : Imidazole derivative was prepared by reaction of benzimidazole(64)with sulfur or disulfide compounds to formation corrosion inhibitors compounds: Copyright © CC-BY-NC 2019, CRIBFB | AIJMSR www.cribfb.com/journal/index.php/aijmsr American International Journal of Multidisciplinary Scientific Research Vol. 5, No. 1; 2019 6 Studying(65): prepared polymer (vinyl chloride) dissolved in dry tetrahydrofuran, in reaction with amine under reflux for (7) hours to give final products as a polymers. Imidazole in Mixed Ligands , Complex –Mixed , which prepared from condensation reaction of di amine compounds with carbonyl compounds(66) : Also in other studying , imidazole ligand was prepared from sulphone derivative(67) : Copyright © CC-BY-NC 2019, CRIBFB | AIJMSR www.cribfb.com/journal/index.php/aijmsr American International Journal of Multidisciplinary Scientific Research Vol. 5, No. 1; 2019 7 Other imidazole compounds were prepared as drugs in medical fields(68): But in new studies, imidazole compounds were prepared as antitumor in medicinal fields(69-70): And other paper , antibacterial(71-73)sulphonamide compounds were synthesized: Copyright © CC-BY-NC 2019, CRIBFB | AIJMSR www.cribfb.com/journal/index.php/aijmsr American International Journal of Multidisciplinary Scientific Research Vol. 5, No. 1; 2019 8 References 1. Y.K. Yoon , M. A. Ali , A.C Wei , T.S. Choon , H. Osman , K. Parange ,A. N.Shirazi , " Bioorganic & Medicinal che 2. Rosa M.F. Batista , Susana P.G. Costa , M. 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