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                      American International Journal of Social Science Research; Vol. 5, No. 2; 2020 
                                       ISSN 2576-103X   E-ISSN 2576-1048 

Published by Centre for Research on Islamic Banking & Finance and Business, USA 
 

     26 
 

 

Adversaries on Covid-19 Set Forth an Argument Onward To Educational 
Endeavor: Resulting To Develop a Modular Concept in the Learning Process  

 
 
 

Edilmar P. Masuhay 
Bachelor of Agricultural Technology (BAT) Department 

Surigao State College of Technology (SSCT) – Mainit Campus  
Magpayang, Mainit, Surigao del Norte, Philippines 

E-mail: yahusamedilmar@gmail.com 
 
Abstract 
The study observed on how COVID-19 disturbed the universe, its detrimental factors to detriment the constituents in particular 
to educational endeavor, the outcomes to teachers and to the learners. Yet, on the contrary this is also an opportune to extend 
teaching stratification whom a concluding scenarios that sometimes attending classes in the classrooms were insignificant not 
unless for formative assessment, 21st pedagogues more probably applicable whereby lectures can be done thru social media 
(blogs, group chats, emails). The study conveyed also that research-output-based teaching methods are more desirable as if 
students would be taught on how to be a writer and a researcher. However, this COVID-19 reciprocally demean traditional 
maneuvers hence attendance literally are not necessary, this is a resolution of vanishing the old methods of teaching but on the 
other hand modular concept has led to resolve the issue. This COVID-19 definitely an uprising of a new beginning onward to 
educational teaching stratification but subsequently this is also threatening students of which their only avenue to attain the 
learning process is going to internet café where they are exposed, and prohibited for safety precautions. This disease skeptically 
made excuses for those who were non-focus, malingered individual either to their studies or duty, this even defying one’s 
authority for a reason of security, a banishment of those known with infected disease, and economically the Local Government 
Unit (LGU) were suppressive.   
 
Keywords: COVID-19, CHED Covid-19 Advisories, Covid-19 Preventive Measures, Modular Learning-Process, 
Social Media.  
 
1. Introduction 
In the midst of crisis one’s judgments sometime were greedily twisted, their principles, desires, commitment are uncertain. 
Everyone has his/her reasons, opinions, and arguments to elucidate for his own satisfaction or for the common good, their 
indifferences showcase, other may incline or decline to believe and pathetically breaking one’s heart turning this simple 
misunderstanding to a debate but still at the end everyone are reunited, contributed their patriotic efforts, time, assistance for 
patriotism and nationalism.  
 
2. Statement of the Problem 
Duddu (2020) on his report emphasized that the Philippines is one of among the high-risk countries from the Wuhan 
coronavirus outbreak, a disease originated from China, of which there were over 80 percent of cases and deaths. This scenario 
has led the Philippines government announced lock-down of Metro Manila and is mulling over more localized lock-downs.  

Although, Fumento (2020) on his statement expound that Worldwide, there have been about 3,400 coronavirus 
deaths, out of about 100,000 identified cases. Flu, by comparison, grimly reaps about 291,000 to 646,000 annually, but its 
cases peaked and began declining more than a month ago, according to data presented by the Canadian epidemiologist who 
spearheaded the World Health Organization’s (WHO) coronavirus mission to China. This even forecast that out of 200 new 
cases reported daily, down from a peak of 4,000 this pattern subsequently same of some extent countries in what’s called Farr’s 
Law, first formulated in 1840 and ignored in every epidemic hysteria since, the law states that epidemics tend to rise and fall in a 
roughly symmetrical pattern or bell-shaped curve. AIDS, SARS, Ebola — they all followed that pattern. So does seasonal flu 
each year. Clearly, flu is vastly more contagious than the new coronavirus, as the WHO has noted. Apparently, from the Journal 
of the American Medical Association it is reported that Chinese government analyzed that Corvid-19 death ratio, showcase that 
for age 40’s accumulated 0.2 percent death, 14.8 percent above 80’s, and found zero deaths worldwide among children with ages 
9 and below.  As it is also enlightened that Philippines climatic nature is more impervious compared to other affected countries, 



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because it hot and humid, so far there were no confirmed cases of internal transmission Yet, there are cases that patients with 
travel history abroad were confirmed affected with the said disease.  

However, the Department of Health (DOH) has accumulated reports that there were five (5) confirmed cases of the 
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the Philippines (Department of Health website, n.d.):  

First, a 48-year-old male Filipino with travel history to Japan, who was confined on February 25 and experienced chills 
and fever beginning March 3, sought medical consultation for testing and with positive result on COVID-19 on March 5, 
currently stable and admitted at the Research Institute for Tropical Medicine;  

Second,  a 62-year-old male Filipino with known hypertension and diabetes mellitus, who experienced cough with 
phlegm last February 25, this patient sought medical consultation at a hospital in Metro Manila last March 1 and was admitted 
with severe pneumonia. Specimen collected on March 4 tested positive for COVID-19 on March 5, and has no known history 
of travel outside of the country, contact tracing is being done for the two cases and samples have already been collected from 
close contacts; 

Third, a 38-year-old Taiwanese male who visited the Philippines from February 28 to March 3. He developed 
abdominal discomfort and diarrhea on March 2, and experienced sore throat, fever, and malaise on March 3. The patient 
consulted at an outpatient clinic in Taiwan on March 4, and was confirmed positive for COVID-19 on March 5. The onset of 
symptoms on March 2 points to possible infection before the patient traveled to the Philippines;  

Fourth, a 44-year-old Japanese male who visited the Philippines from February 21 to 28. Prior to visiting the 
Philippines, he traveled to Cambodia, Vietnam, Thailand, and Japan. He stayed at three different hotels during his visit to 
Metro Manila. The 44-year-old flew back to Thailand last February 28 and experienced cough, shortness of breath, and fever 
which began on February 29. The patient consulted at a clinic in Cambodia on March 3 and was referred to a hospital but no 
tests were done. He flew back to Japan last March 4 and was tested positive for COVID-19. The patient was admitted and is 
still in isolation at Aichi Prefecture Hospital. The extensive travel history of the patient suggests possible contraction of the 
disease in another country; and  

Fifth, a female living in Sydney, Australia. The patient attended a wedding in Manila on February 13 and visited 
Pangilinan. The patient left the country for Sydney on March 2, and was confirmed with COVID-19 by the New South Wales 
Government on March 3. As for this case, DOH is still verifying information with the International Health Regulation National 
Focal Point Australia.  

This cases of Covid-19 has ruined the standard for Philippines educational pedagogues and thereby administrators, 
educators, teachers, researchers, concerned parties wishes to stratifies the learning process. Thus, the author came up this study to 
investigate how this Covid-19 impacted the educational endeavor, and its intimacy to and for the constituents. 
 
3. Significances of the Study 
This study tried to fixed arguments that help to clarify issues on Covid-19 to resilient crisis against the educational endeavor as 
means to neutralize the panic situation of every teacher, parent, administrator, and student in particular to the Surigao State 
College of Technology (SSCT) – Mainit Campus, Magpayang, Mainit, Surigao del Norte, Philippines. 
 
4. Research Objectives 
Resemblance to crisis resiliency, this study explored, investigated, collated data relative on COVD-19 and its effect to 
educational learning process. This particularly showed evident scenarios on how the diseases ruined the economy, the political 
will of the country, and the educators’ teaching stratification. 
 
5. Research Questions 

 What are the arguments of educators about Covid-19 in the learning process? 
 How Surigao State College of Technology managed this crisis on Covid-19 in order to sustain the learning process? 

 
6. Review of the Literature 
This part of the study explores, collected, documented previous studies related to adversaries on Covid-19 and its specific 
impact towards the education learning process. It is also displays different point of views amongst the government officials’ 
concepts, policies and principles on issues therein. Moreover, (Duddu, 2020) has contemplated this scenario thru his report 
which can be found as explained literally on the following paragraphs’ below. 
 
When did coronavirus reach the Philippines? 
The first case of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV, now COVID-19) in the Philippines was confirmed on 30 January 2020, in a 
38-year old woman who arrived from Wuhan. Two days later, the Philippines recorded the first death outside China on 01 
February 2020. The Philippines government declared a health emergency on 09 March, following a spike in new confirmed 

https://www.pharmaceutical-technology.com/features/coronavirus-ebola-latest-global-health-emergencies-who/


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cases and local transmission. The move will release funds to local governments and healthcare officials to handle any further 
surge in cases. The COVID-19 Code Alert system was revised upwards to Red Sublevel 2 on 12 March. Coronavirus: 
Philippines COVID-19 cases and deaths.  As of 16 March, the total COVID-19 cases in the Philippines stand at 142. One of 
the coronavirus-confirmed on 06 March was confirmed to be a human-to-human transmission putting the nation on a high alert. 
The man attended prayer in late February, which increases the concerns of possible transmission to other devotees who attended 
the same. The 44-year old Chinese national, who died, was the relative of the first patient diagnosed with COVID-19. The 
patient developed severe pneumonia. 
 
Coronavirus-affected Filipinos on Diamond Princess Cruise ship 
Seven passengers onboard the Diamond Princess Cruise ship and more than half of the crew are from the Philippines, among 
who 80 have been confirmed to have contracted the virus. The Philippines government repatriated 445 of its citizens onboard 
the ship including ten recovered cases on 25 February. The evacuees have been placed under a two-week quarantine at New 
Clark City in Capas. A total of 70 confirmed cases were not allowed to board the evacuation flight. 
 
How risky is coronavirus to the Philippines? 
Due to its proximity to China, the Philippines is at a far greater risk of witnessing increased cases of the novel coronavirus 
infection compared to other countries. The Philippines is also home to hundreds of workers from China working in the 
Philippine Offshore Gambling Operation (firms offering online gambling services). More than 230,000 migrant Filippinos 
often referred to as Overseas Filipino Workers (OFW) are also working in China particularly Hong Kong and Macau as 
household workers. A temporary ban was imposed on the workers from travelling to China or its special administrative regions 
after the coronavirus outbreak on 2 February. The ban was lifted on 18th February allowing OFWs to return to Hong Kong 
and Macau. Manila is among the top 30 global cities receiving airline passengers from 18 high-risk cities in China, according to 
WorldPop which ranked Philippines 14th among the 30 high-risk countries. 

Chinese nationals account for the majority of the tourist population visiting the country as trade and cultural relations 
have increased between the two countries in the recent past. 
 
Lock-down of affected areas 
The Philippines government started announcing local lock-downs (home quarantine) following the increase in global 
coronavirus cases. The entire Luzon Island is locked-down affecting more than 50 million people. Metro Manila lock-down was 
announced on 12 March and will continue until 14 April, while similar quarantine measures are expected in Bohol and Cainta 
provinces. Davao City has imposed travel restrictions. Quarantining (lock-down) will be imposed in the Philippines barangays, 
municipalities/cities and provinces if at least two COVID-19 coronavirus cases are recorded in two different households in the 
respective locations. Quezon City declared a state of calamity due to coronavirus on 13 March, which means that the city can 
access Quick Response Fund to combat the outbreak. 
 
What Metro Manila lock-down means for residents and visitors.  During the lock-down, domestic transportation of all modes 
including land, air, and sea are suspended. 

 
Preventive measures by the Philippines government 
The Philippines government is taking several steps to control the spread of the virus, including travel restrictions, closure of 
schools and colleges, as well as training schools of the Philippines National Police. 

Educational institutes in the country are announced to be closed from 09 March to 15 March, whereas in Metro 
Manila the classes will be suspended until 12 April. Stringent social distancing measures will be in place in the National Capital 
Region (NCR) for 30 days from 15 March. 

The government announced earlier on 2 February 2020 that all persons except Filipino citizens and permanent 
resident visa holders were temporarily barred from entering the country. A temporary ban on Filipinos from travelling to China 
or its special administrative region was also imposed. Mandatory 14-day quarantine for Filipinos returning to from China or its 
special administrative region was announced. Further, visa upon arrival for Chinese nationals has been temporarily suspended. 
 
Travel ban to South Korea 
The Philippines government issued a temporary ban on 26 February on all citizens from travelling to South Korea, as the 
country reported a spike in the number of confirmed cases. Further, people from the affected regions of South Korea including 
Gyeongbuk, Daegu and Cheongdo have been banned from entering into the country. 



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Coronavirus in the Philippines: Measures at airports 
The Philippines Government announced travel restrictions to and from China, Hong Kong, and Macau to minimize the spread. 
It also banned the entry of passengers from the three countries. 

Airlines cancelled flights from the Philippines to China resulting in stranding. Face masks shortage – importing from 
India and Thailand. 

The Philippines witnessed a surge in demand for face masks as fears over the coronavirus infection increased, despite 
assurance from the government that there is no need to wear face masks yet. 
The government reiterated that healthcare workers and patients with symptoms of the disease should be given priority for masks. 

The Philippines International Trading Corporation (PITC), meanwhile, identified two face mask suppliers from India 
and Thailand to meet the demand for face masks. 

The suppliers are expected to take more than 30 days to supply the masks. The India-based supplier is expected to 
supply one million units, while the exact number of face masks that the Thailand-based supplier can supply is yet to be 
determined. The masks will be imported either by the DOH or the PITC. 
 
Coronavirus outbreak: Impact on the Philippines 
Impact on the economy 
Philippines witnessed a slower economic growth in the first half of 2019, compared to 2018. The country saw a sustained 
economic growth of 6.3% between 2010 and 2018, while the growth slowed down to 5.5% in H2 2019. The World Bank 
estimates Philippines to witness full-year 2019 economic growth of 5.8%. The ongoing coronavirus impact is expected to result 
in a subdued growth for the economy in 2020. China is Philippines’ top trading partner accounting for 18.8% of total trade, 
according to the Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA). In November 2019, 22.9% of Philippines’ exports were to China, the 
biggest importer for the country.          

Philippines imports account for approximately 20% of goods from China followed by Korea and Japan at 10% each. 
The Central Bank of the Philippines (BSP) noted that the coronavirus outbreak could have a major impact on Philippine 
economy over the next few months. Ruben Carlo Asuncion, chief economist for Union Bank of the Philippines, noted that the 
coronavirus outbreak could cost the Philippine economy $600m or 0.8% of economic growth if it lasts for six months, as 
quoted by CNN Philippines. 
 
Fiscal measures to contain the coronavirus impact 
The central bank also announced its decision to reduce interest rate on reverse repurchase (RRP) facility by 25 basis points to 
3.75% on 06 February 2020. The interest rate on overnight lending and deposit facilities was also cut to 4.25% and 3.25%, 
respectively. The projected gross domestic growth rate of 6.5%-7.5% for 2020, however, has not been revised. 
 
Impact on tourism 
Tourism industry is a major contributor, accounting for 12.7% of the Philippine economy in 2018, according to data from the 
Philippines Statistics Authority. More than seven million foreign tourists visited the country during the first ten months of 
2019. Chinese tourists account for majority of Philippines’ tourist population. During the first ten months of 2019, a total of 
1.49 million Chinese tourists visited the Philippines, according to the Department of Tourism (DOT). Philippine tourism 
officials expected to attract four million Chinese tourists by 2022, before the outbreak happened. The tourism industry, 
however, is expected to witness a major impact as the country closed its borders with China and other countries due to the 
coronavirus infection, Philippine Finance Secretary Carlos Dominguez noted. Dominguez added that the exact economic impact 
of the outbreak is too early to be estimated but remained optimistic that the country can sustain its economic growth. 
 
6.1 Adversaries on Covid-19 
In December 2019, an outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection occurred in 
Wuhan, Hubei Province, China and spread across China and beyond. On February 12, 2020, WHO officially named the 
disease caused by the novel coronavirus as Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Since most COVID-19 infected patients 
were diagnosed with pneumonia and characteristic Computed Tomography (CT) imaging patterns, radiological examinations 
have become vital in early diagnosis and assessment of disease course. To date, CT findings have been recommended as major 
evidence for clinical diagnosis of COVID-19 in Hubei, China. This review focuses on the etiology, epidemiology, and clinical 
symptoms of COVID-19, while highlighting the role of chest CT in prevention and disease control (Zu, et.al, 2020); (Chen, 
et.al, 2020); (Fang, et.al, 2020) 

On the contrary a group public health professional scientists and medical professionals of China, in particular, have 
who have closely followed the emergence of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and are deeply concerned about its 
impact on global health and wellbeing, worked diligently and effectively to rapidly identify the pathogen behind this outbreak, 

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put in place significant measures to reduce its impact, who continue to save lives and protect global health during the challenge 
of the COVID-19 outbreak with their counterparts in the forefront, against this new viral threat. They also emphasized that 
COVD-19 threatened by rumors and misinformation around its origins, and they urged that everyone should stand together to 
strongly condemn conspiracy theories suggesting that COVID-19 does not have a natural origin but based on analytical theories  
Scientists from multiple countries have published and analyzed genomes of the causative agent, severe acute respiratory syndrome 
coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and they overwhelmingly conclude that this coronavirus originated in wildlife, as have so many 
other emerging pathogens. This is further supported by a letter from the presidents of the US National Academies of Science, 
Engineering, and Medicine and by the scientific communities they represent. Conspiracy theories do nothing but create fear, 
rumors, and prejudice that jeopardize our global collaboration in the fight against this virus (Calisher, et.al, 2020); (Heymann & 
Shindo, 2020); (Bernheim, 2020); (Shi, 2020). 

In summary, this short review of papers indicates that students would be interested in studying topics around extreme 
natural events when taught via pedagogies involving inquiry-based practices (critical, practical and action oriented). Both the 
natural and human processes need to be considered equally, with looting, community cooperation, and involvement being critical 
in the social education component of the human side of an extreme natural event. The COVID-19 issue is not a purely 
epidemiological phenomenon. It is also a social phenomenon and education for crises such as this should include teaching about 
the need for empathy. The example of the person who suffered a heart attack where none of the bystanders offered any help is 
testament to the need for more empathy. Attitudes and values show a distance-decay effect, which will impact teaching efforts. 
However, with an event like the COVID-19 crossing borders in an increasingly mobile world, the efforts in education may be 
challenged in other ways. Misconceptions can be linked to misinformation at times of extreme natural events, and reveal 
suppressed xenophobic beliefs. Globalization is accelerating the need for both school and general public education around 
extreme natural events, and education needs to include aspects of social learning. We need to teach students and the general 
public that, in times of crisis, people’s abilities are compromised, and we say and do things we would not normally say or do . We 
need to be aware of this and be equipped to perform under these times of uncertainty and pressure. Further study is needed to 
develop a new approach and to determine the effects of new pedagogical methods with respect to social learning around extreme 
natural events. International Research in Geographical and Environmental Education (IRGEE) looks forward to more research 
that will help us better understand the issues in curriculum and instruction for hazard and crisis education. It is a great challenge 
for geography and environmental education to develop and contribute to enhancing social media use awareness by taking into 
account the aforementioned aspects (Kidman & Chang, 2020). 
 The disease has also been exported to other countries, including the Philippines, but the level of spread is still under 
control (as of 08 February 2020). To describe and predict the dynamics of the disease, several preliminary mathematical models 
are formulated by various international study groups. Here, the insights that can be drawn from these models are discussed, 
especially as inputs for designing strategies to control the epidemics. Proposed model-based strategies on how to prevent the 
spread of the disease in local setting, such as during large social gatherings, are also presented. The model shows that the 
exposure time is a significant factor in spreading the disease. With a basic reproduction number equal to 2, and 14-day 
infectious period, an infected person staying more than 9 hours in the event could infect other people. Assuming the exposure 
time is 18 hours, the model recommends that attendees of the social gathering should have a protection with more than 70 
percent effectiveness (Rabajante, 2020). 
 
6.2 Impact of COVID-19 to Teachers-Students in the Learning Process 
This Covid-19 has ruined the Surigao State College of Technology (SSCT) educational schemes, by de jure the Commission on 
Higher Education (CHED) proclaimed to suspend classes for safety purposes  

The CHED has release an advisory ordering all the Presidents of Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) that the State 
Universities and Colleges (SUCs) must discuss measures to the undertaken with their respective Boards of Regents (BOT) and 
inform the CHED regional office of such activities (Signed by) Chairman J. PROSPERO E. DE VERA, DPA. This is in lieu 
to His Excellency President Rodrigo Roa Duterte Proclamation No. 922 series of 2020, 

Consonant, the SUCs President of SSCT has progressively ordered that all faculty should prepared a module; created 
an skeletal team as work force; for humanitarian reasons allows Job orders and Guest lectures to continually in the service; non-
designated teachers were allowed to work at home and prepared logbook on their daily time records (DTR). 
 
7. Research Methodology 
This research is anthropological and sociological in nature. (Frank & Langness, 1981); (Leach, 2020); (Sadati, Lankarani, 
Hossein & Bagheri, n.d.); Peckham, R. (2020); (Harding & Taylor, 2002). 
 
 
 

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7.1 Research Types and Sampling Method 
This is a phenomenal research looking for an avenue to hold proper citation and guidance against the conflicting interest of 
everyone’s desires, opinions, arguments and commitment onward to Covid-19 implications, and resilience actions of government 
officials, educators and all parties concerns forward to education. Study is more on observation, dependent on previous related 
data and studies, this is plain descriptive and logical. 
 
7.2 Data Collection Procedures 
Gathering of data is simply done conveniently thru downloading of previous literatures from social media-reports (goggle 
websites), articles, decrees, memos, orders. Logical interpretations were rested under discussion subsection at the author’s level of 
perspective if in case of doubts and critiques, this study profoundly restful. 
 
7.3 Research Instrument 
Observation has been employed on this study wherein the public has been observed keenly by the author on how the 
environment influenced to eradicate the norms or the system of public governance. In this study the researcher interacts with 
people in everyday life while collecting information, investigating the enormously rich, complex, conflictual, problematic, and 
diverse experiences, thoughts, feelings, and activities on COvid-19. This method emerged with the professionalization of 
anthropology and sociology where it gradually was formalized and later spread to a full range of human studies fields. Its 
practice nevertheless remains artful, requiring creative decision making about problems and questions to be studied, appropriate 
settings and situations for gathering information, the performance of membership roles, establishing and sustaining trusting 
relationships, ethics, values, and politics, as well as record making, data analysis and interpretation, and reporting results 
(Jorgensen, 2015).  

Structurally, there is no instrument used but the outcomes would reveals either to showcase the positive and negative 
results of the reigning verdict invoked by the administrator and the policy-makers.  
 
8. Findings and Discussions 
This country is under authoritarian policy though, democratic in governance. Everyone government role’s over the constitutional 
legitimacy wherein no one is allowed to do his own action without following mandates from the written constitution. But this 
study does not tended to showcase about the political issue therein of the country rather this study focus only to answers 
questions on: first, What are the arguments of educators about Covid-19 in the learning process?; and second, How Surigao 
State College of Technology managed this crisis on Covid-19 in order to sustain the learning process?  

Below are the revelations, which serve to be the findings which serves to answers those questions enumerated above: 
 
Arguments of educators about Covid-19 in the learning process  
CHED-COVID-19 ADVISORY NO. 3 
In response to the directive of President Rodrigo Roa Duterte through Proclamation No. 922 series of 2020, the commission 
has release an advisory ordering all the Presidents of Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) that the State Universities and 
Colleges (SUCs) must discuss measures to the undertaken with their respective Boards of Regents (BOT) and inform the 
CHED regional office of such activities (Signed by) Chairman J. PROSPERO E. DE VERA, DPA. This advisory aspired the 
author to create his own desired module as an output (See Appendix A). 
 
9. Conclusion 
The Philippines is under authoritarian policy though, democratic in governance, governance roles over the constitutional 
legitimacy wherein no one is allowed to do his own action without following mandates from the written constitution. But this 
study does not tended to showcase about the political issue therein of the country rather this study focus only to answers 
questions on: first, What are the arguments of educators about Covid-19 in the learning process?; and second, How Surigao 
State College of Technology managed this crisis on Covid-19 in order to sustain the learning process?  
 Based on findings raised questions (1 and 2) were absolutely satisfied, results has been displayed, and discussed yet 
SSCT has contemplated their desire by preparing module to attain the tended learning process but this possibly negated because 
the reality condemn any activities therein that threatened the safety of the students such that social media and any related events. 
 
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Rabajante, J. F. (2020). Insights from early mathematical models of 2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease (COVID-19) 

dynamics. arXiv preprint arXiv:2002.05296. 
Sadati, A. K., Lankarani, B., Hossein, M., & Bagheri Lankarani, K. (n.d.). Risk Society, Global Vulnerability and Fragile 

Resilience; Sociological View on the Coronavirus Outbreak. 
Shi, H., Han, X., Jiang, N., Cao, Y., Alwalid, O., Gu, J., & Zheng, C. (2020). Radiological findings from 81 patients with 

COVID-19 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 
Twitter, Twitter, & Twitter. (n.d.). Graduation rites suspended in Bacolod City schools. Retrieved March 20, 2020, from 

https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1096457. 
UP Diliman – University of the Philippines. (n.d.). Retrieved March 20, 2020, from 

https://www.up.edu.ph/index.php/tag/up-diliman/. 
Zu, Z. Y., Jiang, M. D., Xu, P. P., Chen, W., Ni, Q. Q., Lu, G. M., & Zhang, L. J. (2020). Coronavirus Disease 2019 

(COVID-19): A Perspective from China. Radiology, 200490. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

http://www.rappler.com/nation/254214-ched-urges-schools-prepare-possible-community-level-transmission-coronavirus
http://www.rappler.com/nation/254214-ched-urges-schools-prepare-possible-community-level-transmission-coronavirus
https://www.doh.gov.ph/doh-press-release/DOH-CONFIRMS-TWO%20MORE-CASES-OF-COVID-19-IN-PH
https://www.doh.gov.ph/doh-press-release/DOH-CONFIRMS-TWO%20MORE-CASES-OF-COVID-19-IN-PH
https://www.pharmaceutical-technology.com/features/coronavirus-affected-countries-philippines-measures-impact-tourism-economy/
https://www.pharmaceutical-technology.com/features/coronavirus-affected-countries-philippines-measures-impact-tourism-economy/
https://nypost.com/2020/03/08/coronavirus-going-to-hit-its-peak-and-start-falling-sooner-than-you-think/
https://www.unicef.org/philippines/press-releases/unicef-philippines-statement-covid-19
https://news.mb.com.ph/2020/03/13/deped-use-of-social-media-for-learning-still-discouraged-despite-covid-19-threat/
https://news.mb.com.ph/2020/03/13/deped-use-of-social-media-for-learning-still-discouraged-despite-covid-19-threat/
https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/03/15/20/ched-tells-affected-schools-to-move-graduation-dates-amid-covid-19-scare
https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/03/15/20/ched-tells-affected-schools-to-move-graduation-dates-amid-covid-19-scare
https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1096457
https://www.up.edu.ph/index.php/tag/up-diliman/


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33 
                         
 

APPENDIX -A 
 GE RIZAL LEARNING MODULE (Final Coverage) 

EDILMAR P. MASUHAY 
Assistant Professor I 

SSCT –Mainit Campus 
Introduction Statement: 
The Commission on Higher Education (CHED) released advisory relative to COVID-19 of which the State universities and 
colleges (SUCs) has been mandated to undertake measures ensuring the safety of the students, faculty, staff and administration. 
Thus, Surigao State College of Technology (SSSCT) has responded and reciprocally demean traditional maneuvers hence 
attendance literally are not necessary, this is a resolution of vanishing the old methods of teaching, on the other hand modular 
concept has led to resolve the issue. This COVID-19 definitely an uprising of a new beginning onward to educational teaching 
stratification but subsequently this is also threatening students of which their venue to attain the learning process is thru social 
media of which majority of the students avenues is going to public places where internet café is available where they are exposed, 
and prohibited for safety precautions (Signed by J. Prospero E. De Vera III, DPA). 

However, in compliance to the institutional order, thereby modules are hereby formulated, below: 
 

MODULE 1. CREATING REFLECTION ON JOSE RIZAL LIFE 

Learning Objectives 

Student Learning Objectives 
for this module 

    Upon completion of this module, you will be able to: 
 Recognize Jose Rizal’s contribution towards the country’s development and 

progress; 

 Acknowledge Jose Rizal’s moral and intellectual legacies, philosophical and 
religious ideas. 

 

 

 

 
ASSESSMENT RUBRICS 

 Score (Numerical Rating) 

Items 1 2 3 

Objective Shows worthy questions and 
intention. 

Unclear questions and 
unclear intention. 

Question and intention is 
not match. 

Data Gathering Sufficient and accurate data 
collected. 

Data is accurate, needs 
improvement. 

Limited data, making 
interpretation difficult.  

Analysis Logical conclusion connect 
on the scientific principles 

being studied. 

Data is connect the studies 
but not accurate. 

Data does not lead to 
conclusion. 

Presentation Science concepts are 
expressed well and with full 

citations support. 

Science concepts are 
presented but non citations 

support. 

Non science concept and 
unorganized manner. 

References/Citations Completed and properly Complete citations and Incomplete or poorly cited. 

Learning Activities 

Students Learning Activities 
for this module 

 Read previous studies on Jose Rizal’s contribution towards the country’s 
development and progress; Related article, notes, magazine. 

 Observe the environment, surroundings and their influences to National 
development. 

Learning Outcomes 

Standards  Create and Submit reflection; insights, overview relative to life and works of Jose 
Rizal on how it impacted the community. 

Learning Resources  

Required Resources  Jose Rizal books, magazine, notes, fact sheets. 
 Jose Rizal related blogs. 

Additional Resources  Assessment Rubrics 



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34 
                         
 

cited. references, Needs to be 
enhance 

 
MODULE 2. CREATING ARTICLE RELATIVE TO JOSE RIZAL LIFE, WORKS AND LITERATURES 

Learning Objectives 

Student Learning Objectives 
for this module 

Upon completion of this module, you will be able to: 

 Acknowledge the significance of Jose Rizal’s Life, Works, Writings and his 
execution. 

 

Learning Outcomes 

Standards  Create and submit descriptive historical research paper/article relative to the Life, 
Works, Writings of Jose Rizal execution, and Religious ideas. 

 
ASSESSMENT RUBRICS 

 Score (Numerical Rating) 

Items 1 2 3 

Title Connected to Jose Rizal’s   
Patriotism, Nationalism and 

Heroism  

Relative to Jose Rizal’s   Life 
but not to Patriotism, 

Nationalism and Heroism  

Not match  

Abstract Accurately presented the 
objective, problems, 

significance, methods, 
findings, conclusions. 

Presented the objective, 
problems, significance, 

methods, findings, 
conclusions but not accurate. 

Limited data  

Introduction Shows the problems, data 
gathering methods, and 
purpose of the study. 

Uncertain problems, method 
of gathering data, purpose of 

the study. 

Limited data. 

Findings (Related Studies) 
and Discussions  

Showcase scientific and 
factual findings and 

interpretation. 

Showcase findings and 
interpretation but not 
scientific and logical. 

Findings and discussions is 
not match. 

Conclusions Completely answered the 
questions and problems 

stated on the introduction 
subsection. 

Conclusion presentation 
answers questions and 

problems but need to be 
enhance. 

Unrelated to the question 
and problems statement. 

References/Citations Completed and properly 
cited. 

Complete citations and 
references, Needs to be 

enhance 

Incomplete or poorly cited. 

 

Learning Resources  

Required Resources  Jose Rizal books, magazine, notes, fact sheets. 

 Jose Rizal related blogs. 

Additional Resources  Assessment Rubrics 

 
DepEd: Use of social media for learning still ‘discouraged’ despite COVID-19 threat 
The Department of Education (DepEd) remains firm on its stand to highly discourage the use of social media platforms for 
learning while classes are suspended due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). “While social media are the easiest 
mediums to deliver information in this digital age using the latest on-hand technologies, the use of the platform also opens one’s 
identity to the world wide web, making young learners exposed to different cyber threats,” he said. Even though social media 
may be considered the “brightest innovation of this era,” Pascua urged educators to “look at the bigger picture, where the reality 
is that social media in itself is not the proper medium for schools to use, especially in connection [with] the delivery of lessons 
especially since there are many options specifically designed for educational use.” Given this, DepEd noted that there are ex isting 
open-source Learning Management Systems (LMS) that schools can use to support the e-learning requirements of an institution. 
DepEd also introduced the use of open educational resources (OER) to promote “equitable and quality education” to all 



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35 
                         
 

Filipino learners. OERs refer to free and/or available educational materials that come with the permission for anyone to use, 
modify or share (Merlina Hernando-Malipot, 2020). 
 By facts, it is adherence to its reality that social media would possibly making young learners exposed to different cyber 
threats besides this actions may directly contradicting for the safety against the disease hence, its natural phenomena foretells that 
majority of the students could didn’t have their own access and possibly their avenues is going to the public places where internet 
is available. 
 
UNICEF Philippines statement on COVID-19 
MANILA, 13 March 2020 – Following President Rodrigo Duterte’s declaration placing Metro Manila under lockdown from 
15 March 2020 to 14 April 2020, UNICEF Philippines remains steadfast in working with the Philippine Government and 
partners to stop the transmission of the virus and to keep children and their families safe. UNICEF Philippines has been fully 
supporting the Government’s emergency response as early as the first few cases of COVID-19 were identified in the country. 
Just recently, we provided tents to the Department of Health (DOH) to support the management of COVID-19 cases requiring 
hospital care.  DOH is further strengthening its capacity in hospital preparedness, rapid response, risk communication, and 
information dissemination with full support from UNICEF Philippines. UNICEF is working with DOH to take appropriate 
measures for the continuous delivery of other essential public health services including access to water, sanitation and hygiene, 
mental health and psychosocial support, and nutrition. “We are intent on staying on the ground working to mitigate impact on 
children and their families including pushing back against stigma associated with vulnerable groups,” said Wigdan Madani, 
UNICEF’s Chief of Health & Nutrition, “and we remain concerned by related control measures including school closures, the 
burden on local health systems for the delivery of primary care, protection risks, and economic pressures felt by families.” With 
the suspension of classes in all levels within Metro Manila and in selected LGUs until 12 April 2020, UNICEF Philippines 
encourages schools to plan continuity for learning. We urge communities, caregivers, and parents to stay informed about 
COVID-19 through trusted sources like the DOH, local government units, WHO, and UNICEF to recognize symptoms, 
coordinate with schools to support safety efforts, and help children cope with the stress caused by the current situation.  
Characterizing COVID-19 as a pandemic is not an indication that the virus has become deadlier. Rather, it is an 
acknowledgement of the disease’s geographical spread. Let’s continue to prepare and respond to the epidemic to protect children 
and families in the Philippines (Gimeno, 2020). 
 This scenario has made the country panic, and even lockdown, controlling the economic activities some geographical 
places just to ensure the populace free from Covid-19 infection, factual evidence demonstrated below: 

 



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36 
                         
 

CHED tells affected schools to move graduation dates amid COVID-19 scare 
MANILA—The Commission on Higher Education on Saturday released a set of guidelines for social distancing and hygiene, as 
the Philippines braced for the spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In an advisory issued Saturday, March 14, 
the CHED said educational institutions in Metro Manila, where a region-wide quarantine is now in effect, shall "abide by the 
directives of the Department of Health (DOH) and the Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG) in the 
imposition of general and enhanced community quarantine in their respective jurisdictions." One directive is the suspension of 
classes on all levels. Metro Manila schools using the old academic calendar, or schools ending their academic years in March or 
April, are required to move or cancel their graduation ceremonies, citing the restriction on mass gatherings mandated by the 
Inter-agency Task Force on Emerging Infectious Diseases. Schools, which have shifted their academic calendar to June or July, 
do not need to postpone graduation ceremonies. However, their semesters "may need to adjust as needed" to compensate for the 
month-long class suspensions. Employees of educational institutions are also advised to practice social distancing. Students who 
can't go to school for 30 days due to the quarantine should not be evicted from class, the CHED added. Local government units 
could suspend classes as long as "measures and arrangements are in place to allow the students to continue fulfilling their 
requirements." The CHED also urged schools outside Metro Manila to develop contingency plans, sanitize their facilities, and 
discourage mass gatherings. It also suggested that plans to go to overseas internship programs, along with participation in 
contests outside, should be suspended. It likewise urged school administrators to practice "preventive measures such as proper 
hand hygiene, cough etiquette, and social distancing" (News, n.d.). 
 This situation is merely applicable to all SUCs not only in Metro Manila, see order of suspensions in Diliman 
University Philippines and City mayor ordinance, for exhibited purposes, below: 

 Classes, both residential and online and alternative learning activities in the UP System (except the UP Open 
University) are suspended until 14 April 2020 while the University assesses the situation and decides on how best to 
facilitate learning and manage academic requirements in the time of COVID-19 (UP Diliman – University of the 
Philippines, n.d.); 

 

 BACOLOD CITY – Mayor Evelio Leonardia has issued an executive order (EO) suspending the graduation and 
moving-up ceremonies in all levels of public and private schools here until further notice due to the threat of the 
coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19). 

 
CHED urges schools to prepare for possible coronavirus ‘community-level transmission’ 
MANILA, Philippines – The Commission on Higher Education (CHED) called on state universities and colleges to prepare for 
possible community-level transmission of COVID-19, the disease caused by the novel coronavirus. In a memorandum order 
released on Wednesday, March 10, CHED chairman Prospero de Vera III reiterated that schools should have protocols in place 
to stop the spread of the novel coronavirus within the campus in coordination with the Department of Health. These include 
creating screening procedures for symptomatic students, faculty, staff and administrators; preparing health clinics to 
accommodate and isolate patients potentially infected with the novel coronavirus; and performing decontamination and 
disinfection of buildings in schools. (READ: DepEd says proceeding with graduation ceremony 'up to school's discretion'). 
President Rodrigo Duterte suspended classes in all levels in Metro Manila from March 10 to 14 following the spike of 
confirmed cases in the Philippines. Schools are advised to coordinate with their affiliated training establishments for any 
adjustment on training hours; and consider alternative modes for on-the-job training, practicum and internships. (READ: How 
Metro schools continue lessons amid coronavirus threat). But based on the assessment in their areas, all schools should be 
flexible in adjusting the academic calendar, foregoing other curricular activities for the semester and exercising discretion to 
possibly postpone graduation ceremonies (CHED urges schools to prepare for possible coronavirus ‘community-level 
transmission,’ n.d.). 
 This argumentation has been confusing for teacher, students and even by the policy-makers hence crafted statement 
below were simplified that this Covid-19 had impacted either ruined the judgment of our educators and the learners:  
 
 
 

https://www.rappler.com/nation/254115-deped-proceeding-graduation-ceremony-school-discretion
https://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/iq/254114-how-metro-manila-schools-continue-lessons-coronavirus-threat
https://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/iq/254114-how-metro-manila-schools-continue-lessons-coronavirus-threat


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This letter or statement has clearly stated that students has been complaining about social media activities as part of 

the learning process and the CHED were advising that students adversaries should be given consideration, submissively the 
SUCs President of SSCT has progressively ordered that all faculty should prepared a module, this by then expected that 
initiative will be within the scope of the teacher to maneuver the learning process as well. However, this concepts has been 
thoroughly demean by some instances, see some students’ social media-communication bellows: 

 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
Students’ were explaining their side to be understood that this phenomenal crisis has put them on the line of distress, 

their parents were already complaining and there is no internet access for them to comply the requirements and to follow the 
learning process. 
 

Copyrights  
Copyright for this article is retained by the author(s), with first publication rights granted to the journal. This is an open-access 
article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license 
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). 

 
 


