id	sid	tid	token	lemma	pos
aijssr-330	1	1	copyright	copyright	NOUN
aijssr-330	1	2	©	©	PROPN
aijssr-330	1	3	cc	cc	PROPN
aijssr-330	1	4	-	-	PUNCT
aijssr-330	1	5	by	by	ADP
aijssr-330	1	6	-	-	PUNCT
aijssr-330	1	7	nc	nc	PROPN
aijssr-330	1	8	2019	2019	NUM
aijssr-330	1	9	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	1	10	cribfb	cribfb	PROPN
aijssr-330	1	11	|	|	ADV
aijssr-330	1	12	aijssr	aijssr	PROPN
aijssr-330	1	13	american	american	PROPN
aijssr-330	1	14	international	international	PROPN
aijssr-330	1	15	journal	journal	PROPN
aijssr-330	1	16	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	1	17	social	social	ADJ
aijssr-330	1	18	science	science	NOUN
aijssr-330	1	19	research	research	NOUN
aijssr-330	1	20	;	;	PUNCT
aijssr-330	1	21	vol	vol	NOUN
aijssr-330	1	22	.	.	NOUN
aijssr-330	1	23	4	4	NUM
aijssr-330	1	24	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	1	25	no	no	INTJ
aijssr-330	1	26	.	.	NOUN
aijssr-330	1	27	2	2	NUM
aijssr-330	1	28	;	;	PUNCT
aijssr-330	1	29	2019	2019	NUM
aijssr-330	1	30	issn	issn	VERB
aijssr-330	1	31	2576	2576	NUM
aijssr-330	1	32	-	-	PUNCT
aijssr-330	1	33	103x	103x	NOUN
aijssr-330	1	34	e	e	NOUN
aijssr-330	1	35	-	-	NOUN
aijssr-330	1	36	issn	issn	VERB
aijssr-330	1	37	2576	2576	NUM
aijssr-330	1	38	-	-	PUNCT
aijssr-330	1	39	1048	1048	NUM
aijssr-330	1	40	published	publish	VERB
aijssr-330	1	41	by	by	ADP
aijssr-330	1	42	centre	centre	NOUN
aijssr-330	1	43	for	for	ADP
aijssr-330	1	44	research	research	NOUN
aijssr-330	1	45	on	on	ADP
aijssr-330	1	46	islamic	islamic	ADJ
aijssr-330	1	47	banking	banking	PROPN
aijssr-330	1	48	&	&	CCONJ
aijssr-330	1	49	finance	finance	PROPN
aijssr-330	1	50	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	1	51	business	business	NOUN
aijssr-330	1	52	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	1	53	usa	usa	PROPN
aijssr-330	1	54	14	14	NUM
aijssr-330	1	55	public	public	ADJ
aijssr-330	1	56	debt	debt	NOUN
aijssr-330	1	57	spiral	spiral	NOUN
aijssr-330	1	58	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	1	59	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
aijssr-330	1	60	:	:	PUNCT
aijssr-330	1	61	can	can	AUX
aijssr-330	1	62	a	a	DET
aijssr-330	1	63	structural	structural	ADJ
aijssr-330	1	64	gap	gap	NOUN
aijssr-330	1	65	result	result	NOUN
aijssr-330	1	66	from	from	ADP
aijssr-330	1	67	pervasive	pervasive	ADJ
aijssr-330	1	68	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	1	69	?	?	PUNCT
aijssr-330	2	1	fisayo	fisayo	VERB
aijssr-330	2	2	fagbemi	fagbemi	PROPN
aijssr-330	2	3	independent	independent	PROPN
aijssr-330	2	4	researcher	researcher	PROPN
aijssr-330	2	5	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
aijssr-330	2	6	e	e	NOUN
aijssr-330	2	7	-	-	NOUN
aijssr-330	2	8	mail	mail	NOUN
aijssr-330	2	9	:	:	PUNCT
aijssr-330	2	10	fisay4real@yahoo.com	fisay4real@yahoo.com	VERB
aijssr-330	2	11	olufemi	olufemi	PROPN
aijssr-330	2	12	solomon	solomon	PROPN
aijssr-330	2	13	olatunde	olatunde	PROPN
aijssr-330	2	14	independent	independent	PROPN
aijssr-330	2	15	researcher	researcher	PROPN
aijssr-330	2	16	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
aijssr-330	2	17	e	e	NOUN
aijssr-330	2	18	-	-	NOUN
aijssr-330	2	19	mail	mail	NOUN
aijssr-330	2	20	:	:	PUNCT
aijssr-330	2	21	olufemi.olatunde@gmail.com	olufemi.olatunde@gmail.com	X
aijssr-330	2	22	abstract	abstract	NOUN
aijssr-330	2	23	it	it	PRON
aijssr-330	2	24	is	be	AUX
aijssr-330	2	25	increasingly	increasingly	ADV
aijssr-330	2	26	recognized	recognize	VERB
aijssr-330	2	27	that	that	SCONJ
aijssr-330	2	28	good	good	ADJ
aijssr-330	2	29	understanding	understanding	NOUN
aijssr-330	2	30	on	on	ADP
aijssr-330	2	31	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	2	32	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	2	33	-	-	PUNCT
aijssr-330	2	34	related	relate	VERB
aijssr-330	2	35	causes	cause	NOUN
aijssr-330	2	36	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	2	37	remedies	remedy	NOUN
aijssr-330	2	38	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	2	39	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	2	40	modern	modern	ADJ
aijssr-330	2	41	fiscal	fiscal	ADJ
aijssr-330	2	42	crisis	crisis	NOUN
aijssr-330	2	43	would	would	AUX
aijssr-330	2	44	bolster	bolster	VERB
aijssr-330	2	45	informed	informed	ADJ
aijssr-330	2	46	decisions	decision	NOUN
aijssr-330	2	47	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	2	48	key	key	ADJ
aijssr-330	2	49	governance	governance	NOUN
aijssr-330	2	50	standards	standard	NOUN
aijssr-330	2	51	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	3	1	many	many	ADJ
aijssr-330	3	2	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	3	3	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	3	4	governance	governance	NOUN
aijssr-330	3	5	weaknesses	weakness	NOUN
aijssr-330	3	6	have	have	AUX
aijssr-330	3	7	been	be	AUX
aijssr-330	3	8	exacerbated	exacerbate	VERB
aijssr-330	3	9	by	by	ADP
aijssr-330	3	10	ingrained	ingrain	VERB
aijssr-330	3	11	fiscal	fiscal	ADJ
aijssr-330	3	12	indiscipline	indiscipline	NOUN
aijssr-330	3	13	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	3	14	lack	lack	NOUN
aijssr-330	3	15	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	3	16	effective	effective	ADJ
aijssr-330	3	17	bureaucratic	bureaucratic	ADJ
aijssr-330	3	18	provisions	provision	NOUN
aijssr-330	3	19	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	4	1	these	these	DET
aijssr-330	4	2	concerns	concern	NOUN
aijssr-330	4	3	necessitate	necessitate	ADJ
aijssr-330	4	4	ongoing	ongoing	ADJ
aijssr-330	4	5	research	research	NOUN
aijssr-330	4	6	efforts	effort	NOUN
aijssr-330	4	7	aimed	aim	VERB
aijssr-330	4	8	at	at	ADP
aijssr-330	4	9	galvanizing	galvanize	VERB
aijssr-330	4	10	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	4	11	best	good	ADJ
aijssr-330	4	12	compilation	compilation	NOUN
aijssr-330	4	13	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	4	14	perspectives	perspective	NOUN
aijssr-330	4	15	on	on	ADP
aijssr-330	4	16	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	4	17	role	role	NOUN
aijssr-330	4	18	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	4	19	public	public	ADJ
aijssr-330	4	20	institutions	institution	NOUN
aijssr-330	4	21	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	4	22	debt	debt	NOUN
aijssr-330	4	23	accumulation	accumulation	NOUN
aijssr-330	4	24	process	process	NOUN
aijssr-330	4	25	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	5	1	hence	hence	ADV
aijssr-330	5	2	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	5	3	this	this	DET
aijssr-330	5	4	study	study	NOUN
aijssr-330	5	5	examines	examine	VERB
aijssr-330	5	6	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	5	7	long	long	ADJ
aijssr-330	5	8	run	run	NOUN
aijssr-330	5	9	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	5	10	short	short	ADJ
aijssr-330	5	11	run	run	NOUN
aijssr-330	5	12	effect	effect	NOUN
aijssr-330	5	13	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	5	14	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	5	15	on	on	ADP
aijssr-330	5	16	public	public	ADJ
aijssr-330	5	17	debt	debt	NOUN
aijssr-330	5	18	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	5	19	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
aijssr-330	5	20	over	over	ADP
aijssr-330	5	21	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	5	22	period	period	NOUN
aijssr-330	5	23	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	5	24	1996	1996	NUM
aijssr-330	5	25	to	to	ADP
aijssr-330	5	26	2017	2017	NUM
aijssr-330	5	27	using	use	VERB
aijssr-330	5	28	ardl	ardl	NOUN
aijssr-330	5	29	bound	bind	VERB
aijssr-330	5	30	test	test	NOUN
aijssr-330	5	31	to	to	PART
aijssr-330	5	32	cointegration	cointegration	VERB
aijssr-330	5	33	analysis	analysis	NOUN
aijssr-330	5	34	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	6	1	empirical	empirical	ADJ
aijssr-330	6	2	evidence	evidence	NOUN
aijssr-330	6	3	reveals	reveal	VERB
aijssr-330	6	4	that	that	SCONJ
aijssr-330	6	5	both	both	DET
aijssr-330	6	6	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	6	7	index	index	NOUN
aijssr-330	6	8	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	6	9	control	control	NOUN
aijssr-330	6	10	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	6	11	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	6	12	have	have	VERB
aijssr-330	6	13	an	an	DET
aijssr-330	6	14	insignificant	insignificant	ADJ
aijssr-330	6	15	adverse	adverse	ADJ
aijssr-330	6	16	effect	effect	NOUN
aijssr-330	6	17	on	on	ADP
aijssr-330	6	18	public	public	ADJ
aijssr-330	6	19	debt	debt	NOUN
aijssr-330	6	20	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	6	21	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	6	22	long	long	ADJ
aijssr-330	6	23	run	run	NOUN
aijssr-330	6	24	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	6	25	but	but	CCONJ
aijssr-330	6	26	with	with	ADP
aijssr-330	6	27	a	a	DET
aijssr-330	6	28	significant	significant	ADJ
aijssr-330	6	29	influence	influence	NOUN
aijssr-330	6	30	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	6	31	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	6	32	short	short	ADJ
aijssr-330	6	33	run	run	NOUN
aijssr-330	6	34	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	7	1	considering	consider	VERB
aijssr-330	7	2	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	7	3	long	long	ADJ
aijssr-330	7	4	-	-	PUNCT
aijssr-330	7	5	term	term	NOUN
aijssr-330	7	6	implication	implication	NOUN
aijssr-330	7	7	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	7	8	current	current	ADJ
aijssr-330	7	9	anti	anti	ADJ
aijssr-330	7	10	-	-	ADJ
aijssr-330	7	11	corruption	corruption	ADJ
aijssr-330	7	12	efforts	effort	NOUN
aijssr-330	7	13	might	might	AUX
aijssr-330	7	14	be	be	AUX
aijssr-330	7	15	ineffective	ineffective	ADJ
aijssr-330	7	16	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	7	17	enhancing	enhance	VERB
aijssr-330	7	18	strategic	strategic	ADJ
aijssr-330	7	19	monitoring	monitoring	NOUN
aijssr-330	7	20	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	7	21	sustainable	sustainable	ADJ
aijssr-330	7	22	fiscal	fiscal	ADJ
aijssr-330	7	23	standards	standard	NOUN
aijssr-330	7	24	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	8	1	nonetheless	nonetheless	ADV
aijssr-330	8	2	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	8	3	it	it	PRON
aijssr-330	8	4	is	be	AUX
aijssr-330	8	5	emphasized	emphasize	VERB
aijssr-330	8	6	that	that	SCONJ
aijssr-330	8	7	effective	effective	ADJ
aijssr-330	8	8	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	8	9	control	control	NOUN
aijssr-330	8	10	measures	measure	NOUN
aijssr-330	8	11	could	could	AUX
aijssr-330	8	12	mitigate	mitigate	VERB
aijssr-330	8	13	spiralling	spiral	VERB
aijssr-330	8	14	incidence	incidence	NOUN
aijssr-330	8	15	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	8	16	government	government	NOUN
aijssr-330	8	17	debt	debt	NOUN
aijssr-330	8	18	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	9	1	further	further	PROPN
aijssr-330	9	2	findings	finding	NOUN
aijssr-330	9	3	indicate	indicate	VERB
aijssr-330	9	4	that	that	SCONJ
aijssr-330	9	5	there	there	PRON
aijssr-330	9	6	exists	exist	VERB
aijssr-330	9	7	bi	bi	ADJ
aijssr-330	9	8	-	-	ADJ
aijssr-330	9	9	directional	directional	ADJ
aijssr-330	9	10	causality	causality	NOUN
aijssr-330	9	11	between	between	ADP
aijssr-330	9	12	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	9	13	index	index	NOUN
aijssr-330	9	14	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	9	15	public	public	ADJ
aijssr-330	9	16	debt	debt	NOUN
aijssr-330	9	17	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	9	18	whereas	whereas	SCONJ
aijssr-330	9	19	none	none	NOUN
aijssr-330	9	20	is	be	AUX
aijssr-330	9	21	found	find	VERB
aijssr-330	9	22	between	between	ADP
aijssr-330	9	23	control	control	NOUN
aijssr-330	9	24	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	9	25	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	9	26	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	9	27	public	public	ADJ
aijssr-330	9	28	debt	debt	NOUN
aijssr-330	9	29	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	10	1	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	10	2	study	study	NOUN
aijssr-330	10	3	suggests	suggest	VERB
aijssr-330	10	4	that	that	SCONJ
aijssr-330	10	5	strong	strong	ADJ
aijssr-330	10	6	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	10	7	-	-	PUNCT
aijssr-330	10	8	based	base	VERB
aijssr-330	10	9	control	control	NOUN
aijssr-330	10	10	mechanisms	mechanism	NOUN
aijssr-330	10	11	are	be	AUX
aijssr-330	10	12	fundamentals	fundamental	NOUN
aijssr-330	10	13	to	to	ADP
aijssr-330	10	14	decreasing	decrease	VERB
aijssr-330	10	15	fiscal	fiscal	ADJ
aijssr-330	10	16	deficits	deficit	NOUN
aijssr-330	10	17	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	10	18	debt	debt	NOUN
aijssr-330	10	19	reduction	reduction	NOUN
aijssr-330	10	20	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	11	1	overall	overall	ADV
aijssr-330	11	2	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	11	3	a	a	DET
aijssr-330	11	4	significant	significant	ADJ
aijssr-330	11	5	insight	insight	NOUN
aijssr-330	11	6	distills	distill	VERB
aijssr-330	11	7	from	from	ADP
aijssr-330	11	8	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	11	9	study	study	NOUN
aijssr-330	11	10	is	be	AUX
aijssr-330	11	11	that	that	SCONJ
aijssr-330	11	12	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	11	13	goal	goal	NOUN
aijssr-330	11	14	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	11	15	attaining	attain	VERB
aijssr-330	11	16	global	global	ADJ
aijssr-330	11	17	financial	financial	ADJ
aijssr-330	11	18	stability	stability	NOUN
aijssr-330	11	19	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	11	20	fiscal	fiscal	ADJ
aijssr-330	11	21	sustainability	sustainability	NOUN
aijssr-330	11	22	through	through	ADP
aijssr-330	11	23	sound	sound	ADJ
aijssr-330	11	24	regulatory	regulatory	ADJ
aijssr-330	11	25	framework	framework	NOUN
aijssr-330	11	26	has	have	AUX
aijssr-330	11	27	embodied	embody	VERB
aijssr-330	11	28	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	11	29	provisions	provision	NOUN
aijssr-330	11	30	that	that	PRON
aijssr-330	11	31	enhance	enhance	VERB
aijssr-330	11	32	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	11	33	-	-	PUNCT
aijssr-330	11	34	reducing	reduce	VERB
aijssr-330	11	35	measures	measure	NOUN
aijssr-330	11	36	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	11	37	institutional	institutional	ADJ
aijssr-330	11	38	standards	standard	NOUN
aijssr-330	11	39	to	to	PART
aijssr-330	11	40	curb	curb	VERB
aijssr-330	11	41	persistent	persistent	ADJ
aijssr-330	11	42	debt	debt	NOUN
aijssr-330	11	43	accumulation	accumulation	NOUN
aijssr-330	11	44	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	12	1	keywords	keyword	NOUN
aijssr-330	12	2	:	:	PUNCT
aijssr-330	12	3	public	public	ADJ
aijssr-330	12	4	debt	debt	NOUN
aijssr-330	12	5	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	12	6	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	12	7	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	12	8	fiscal	fiscal	ADJ
aijssr-330	12	9	crisis	crisis	NOUN
aijssr-330	12	10	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	12	11	ardl	ardl	PROPN
aijssr-330	12	12	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	12	13	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
aijssr-330	12	14	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	13	1	1	1	X
aijssr-330	13	2	.	.	X
aijssr-330	13	3	introduction	introduction	NOUN
aijssr-330	13	4	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	13	5	orthodox	orthodox	ADJ
aijssr-330	13	6	stance	stance	NOUN
aijssr-330	13	7	on	on	ADP
aijssr-330	13	8	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	13	9	concept	concept	NOUN
aijssr-330	13	10	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	13	11	structural	structural	ADJ
aijssr-330	13	12	gap	gap	NOUN
aijssr-330	13	13	is	be	AUX
aijssr-330	13	14	that	that	SCONJ
aijssr-330	13	15	when	when	SCONJ
aijssr-330	13	16	fiscal	fiscal	ADJ
aijssr-330	13	17	revenues	revenue	NOUN
aijssr-330	13	18	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	13	19	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	13	20	state	state	NOUN
aijssr-330	13	21	are	be	AUX
aijssr-330	13	22	insufficient	insufficient	ADJ
aijssr-330	13	23	to	to	PART
aijssr-330	13	24	finance	finance	VERB
aijssr-330	13	25	everincreasing	everincrease	VERB
aijssr-330	13	26	public	public	ADJ
aijssr-330	13	27	expenditures	expenditure	NOUN
aijssr-330	13	28	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	14	1	with	with	ADP
aijssr-330	14	2	increasingly	increasingly	ADV
aijssr-330	14	3	unsustainable	unsustainable	ADJ
aijssr-330	14	4	government	government	NOUN
aijssr-330	14	5	spending	spending	NOUN
aijssr-330	14	6	levels	level	NOUN
aijssr-330	14	7	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	14	8	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	14	9	social	social	ADJ
aijssr-330	14	10	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	14	11	economic	economic	ADJ
aijssr-330	14	12	development	development	NOUN
aijssr-330	14	13	process	process	NOUN
aijssr-330	14	14	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	14	15	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	14	16	state	state	NOUN
aijssr-330	14	17	faced	face	VERB
aijssr-330	14	18	a	a	DET
aijssr-330	14	19	huge	huge	ADJ
aijssr-330	14	20	financing	financing	NOUN
aijssr-330	14	21	deficit	deficit	NOUN
aijssr-330	14	22	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	15	1	hence	hence	ADV
aijssr-330	15	2	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	15	3	evolving	evolve	VERB
aijssr-330	15	4	empirical	empirical	ADJ
aijssr-330	15	5	expositions	exposition	NOUN
aijssr-330	15	6	reveal	reveal	VERB
aijssr-330	15	7	that	that	SCONJ
aijssr-330	15	8	structural	structural	ADJ
aijssr-330	15	9	gaps	gap	NOUN
aijssr-330	15	10	could	could	AUX
aijssr-330	15	11	lead	lead	VERB
aijssr-330	15	12	to	to	ADP
aijssr-330	15	13	spiraling	spiral	VERB
aijssr-330	15	14	incidence	incidence	NOUN
aijssr-330	15	15	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	15	16	public	public	ADJ
aijssr-330	15	17	borrowing	borrowing	NOUN
aijssr-330	15	18	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	15	19	debt	debt	NOUN
aijssr-330	15	20	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	15	21	bailey	bailey	NOUN
aijssr-330	15	22	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	15	23	2004	2004	NUM
aijssr-330	15	24	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	15	25	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	16	1	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	16	2	this	this	DET
aijssr-330	16	3	context	context	NOUN
aijssr-330	16	4	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	16	5	structural	structural	ADJ
aijssr-330	16	6	gap	gap	NOUN
aijssr-330	16	7	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	16	8	‘	'	PUNCT
aijssr-330	16	9	fiscal	fiscal	ADJ
aijssr-330	16	10	crisis’1	crisis’1	NOUN
aijssr-330	16	11	are	be	AUX
aijssr-330	16	12	synonymous	synonymous	ADJ
aijssr-330	16	13	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	17	1	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	17	2	most	most	ADJ
aijssr-330	17	3	developing	develop	VERB
aijssr-330	17	4	economies	economy	NOUN
aijssr-330	17	5	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	17	6	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	17	7	public	public	ADJ
aijssr-330	17	8	debt	debt	NOUN
aijssr-330	17	9	trajectory	trajectory	NOUN
aijssr-330	17	10	has	have	AUX
aijssr-330	17	11	approached	approach	VERB
aijssr-330	17	12	unsustainable	unsustainable	ADJ
aijssr-330	17	13	levels	level	NOUN
aijssr-330	17	14	which	which	PRON
aijssr-330	17	15	threaten	threaten	VERB
aijssr-330	17	16	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	17	17	fiscal	fiscal	ADJ
aijssr-330	17	18	health	health	NOUN
aijssr-330	17	19	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	17	20	countries	country	NOUN
aijssr-330	17	21	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	18	1	many	many	ADJ
aijssr-330	18	2	african	african	ADJ
aijssr-330	18	3	countries	country	NOUN
aijssr-330	18	4	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	18	5	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	18	6	particular	particular	ADJ
aijssr-330	18	7	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	18	8	are	be	AUX
aijssr-330	18	9	struggling	struggle	VERB
aijssr-330	18	10	with	with	ADP
aijssr-330	18	11	a	a	DET
aijssr-330	18	12	combination	combination	NOUN
aijssr-330	18	13	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	18	14	rising	rise	VERB
aijssr-330	18	15	public	public	ADJ
aijssr-330	18	16	debt	debt	NOUN
aijssr-330	18	17	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	18	18	budget	budget	NOUN
aijssr-330	18	19	deficits	deficit	NOUN
aijssr-330	18	20	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	18	21	poor	poor	ADJ
aijssr-330	18	22	growth	growth	NOUN
aijssr-330	18	23	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	19	1	over	over	ADP
aijssr-330	19	2	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	19	3	years	year	NOUN
aijssr-330	19	4	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	19	5	much	much	ADJ
aijssr-330	19	6	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	19	7	this	this	DET
aijssr-330	19	8	debt	debt	NOUN
aijssr-330	19	9	upsurge	upsurge	NOUN
aijssr-330	19	10	is	be	AUX
aijssr-330	19	11	driven	drive	VERB
aijssr-330	19	12	by	by	ADP
aijssr-330	19	13	an	an	DET
aijssr-330	19	14	absence	absence	NOUN
aijssr-330	19	15	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	19	16	fiscal	fiscal	ADJ
aijssr-330	19	17	discipline	discipline	NOUN
aijssr-330	19	18	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	19	19	sound	sound	ADJ
aijssr-330	19	20	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	19	21	control	control	NOUN
aijssr-330	19	22	measures	measure	NOUN
aijssr-330	19	23	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	20	1	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	20	2	injudicious	injudicious	ADJ
aijssr-330	20	3	choices	choice	NOUN
aijssr-330	20	4	for	for	ADP
aijssr-330	20	5	debt	debt	NOUN
aijssr-330	20	6	accumulation	accumulation	NOUN
aijssr-330	20	7	posed	pose	VERB
aijssr-330	20	8	a	a	DET
aijssr-330	20	9	problem	problem	NOUN
aijssr-330	20	10	to	to	ADP
aijssr-330	20	11	citizens	citizen	NOUN
aijssr-330	20	12	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	20	13	such	such	ADJ
aijssr-330	20	14	indebted	indebted	ADJ
aijssr-330	20	15	jurisdiction	jurisdiction	NOUN
aijssr-330	20	16	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	20	17	since	since	SCONJ
aijssr-330	20	18	future	future	ADJ
aijssr-330	20	19	servicing	servicing	NOUN
aijssr-330	20	20	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	20	21	public	public	ADJ
aijssr-330	20	22	debt	debt	NOUN
aijssr-330	20	23	with	with	ADP
aijssr-330	20	24	no	no	DET
aijssr-330	20	25	long	long	ADJ
aijssr-330	20	26	-	-	PUNCT
aijssr-330	20	27	term	term	NOUN
aijssr-330	20	28	development	development	NOUN
aijssr-330	20	29	impact	impact	NOUN
aijssr-330	20	30	would	would	AUX
aijssr-330	20	31	exacerbate	exacerbate	VERB
aijssr-330	20	32	intergenerational	intergenerational	ADJ
aijssr-330	20	33	inequity	inequity	NOUN
aijssr-330	20	34	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	20	35	liu	liu	PROPN
aijssr-330	20	36	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	20	37	2017	2017	NUM
aijssr-330	20	38	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	20	39	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	21	1	some	some	DET
aijssr-330	21	2	economists	economist	NOUN
aijssr-330	21	3	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	21	4	researchers	researcher	NOUN
aijssr-330	21	5	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	21	6	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	21	7	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	21	8	general	general	ADJ
aijssr-330	21	9	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	21	10	have	have	AUX
aijssr-330	21	11	espoused	espouse	VERB
aijssr-330	21	12	to	to	ADP
aijssr-330	21	13	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	21	14	adverse	adverse	ADJ
aijssr-330	21	15	effect	effect	NOUN
aijssr-330	21	16	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	21	17	government	government	NOUN
aijssr-330	21	18	debt	debt	NOUN
aijssr-330	21	19	on	on	ADP
aijssr-330	21	20	economic	economic	ADJ
aijssr-330	21	21	growth	growth	NOUN
aijssr-330	21	22	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	21	23	development	development	NOUN
aijssr-330	21	24	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	21	25	any	any	DET
aijssr-330	21	26	economy	economy	NOUN
aijssr-330	21	27	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	21	28	kumar	kumar	PROPN
aijssr-330	21	29	&	&	CCONJ
aijssr-330	21	30	woo	woo	PROPN
aijssr-330	21	31	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	21	32	2010	2010	NUM
aijssr-330	21	33	;	;	PUNCT
aijssr-330	21	34	reinhart	reinhart	PROPN
aijssr-330	21	35	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	21	36	reinhart	reinhart	PROPN
aijssr-330	21	37	&	&	CCONJ
aijssr-330	21	38	rogoff	rogoff	PROPN
aijssr-330	21	39	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	21	40	2012	2012	NUM
aijssr-330	21	41	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	21	42	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	22	1	thus	thus	ADV
aijssr-330	22	2	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	22	3	debt	debt	NOUN
aijssr-330	22	4	deliberately	deliberately	ADV
aijssr-330	22	5	amplified	amplify	VERB
aijssr-330	22	6	through	through	ADP
aijssr-330	22	7	corrupt	corrupt	ADJ
aijssr-330	22	8	actions	action	NOUN
aijssr-330	22	9	may	may	AUX
aijssr-330	22	10	be	be	AUX
aijssr-330	22	11	inimical	inimical	ADJ
aijssr-330	22	12	to	to	ADP
aijssr-330	22	13	fiscal	fiscal	ADJ
aijssr-330	22	14	performance	performance	NOUN
aijssr-330	22	15	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	22	16	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	22	17	economy	economy	NOUN
aijssr-330	22	18	as	as	ADP
aijssr-330	22	19	a	a	DET
aijssr-330	22	20	whole	whole	NOUN
aijssr-330	22	21	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	23	1	recognizing	recognize	VERB
aijssr-330	23	2	that	that	SCONJ
aijssr-330	23	3	a	a	DET
aijssr-330	23	4	robust	robust	ADJ
aijssr-330	23	5	fiscal	fiscal	ADJ
aijssr-330	23	6	state	state	NOUN
aijssr-330	23	7	is	be	AUX
aijssr-330	23	8	a	a	DET
aijssr-330	23	9	springboard	springboard	NOUN
aijssr-330	23	10	for	for	ADP
aijssr-330	23	11	socio	socio	NOUN
aijssr-330	23	12	-	-	PUNCT
aijssr-330	23	13	economic	economic	ADJ
aijssr-330	23	14	development	development	NOUN
aijssr-330	23	15	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	23	16	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	23	17	sub	sub	ADJ
aijssr-330	23	18	-	-	ADJ
aijssr-330	23	19	saharan	saharan	ADJ
aijssr-330	23	20	africa	africa	PROPN
aijssr-330	23	21	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	23	22	ssa	ssa	PROPN
aijssr-330	23	23	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	23	24	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	23	25	recent	recent	ADJ
aijssr-330	23	26	years	year	NOUN
aijssr-330	23	27	have	have	AUX
aijssr-330	23	28	witnessed	witness	VERB
aijssr-330	23	29	a	a	DET
aijssr-330	23	30	great	great	ADJ
aijssr-330	23	31	deal	deal	NOUN
aijssr-330	23	32	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	23	33	policy	policy	NOUN
aijssr-330	23	34	actions	action	NOUN
aijssr-330	23	35	initiated	initiate	VERB
aijssr-330	23	36	to	to	PART
aijssr-330	23	37	bolster	bolster	VERB
aijssr-330	23	38	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	23	39	fiscal	fiscal	ADJ
aijssr-330	23	40	position	position	NOUN
aijssr-330	23	41	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	23	42	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	23	43	central	central	ADJ
aijssr-330	23	44	government	government	NOUN
aijssr-330	23	45	across	across	ADP
aijssr-330	23	46	countries	country	NOUN
aijssr-330	23	47	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	24	1	nonetheless	nonetheless	ADV
aijssr-330	24	2	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	24	3	political	political	ADJ
aijssr-330	24	4	leaders	leader	NOUN
aijssr-330	24	5	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	24	6	economic	economic	ADJ
aijssr-330	24	7	actors	actor	NOUN
aijssr-330	24	8	often	often	ADV
aijssr-330	24	9	reinforce	reinforce	VERB
aijssr-330	24	10	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	24	11	formation	formation	NOUN
aijssr-330	24	12	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	24	13	large	large	ADJ
aijssr-330	24	14	structural	structural	ADJ
aijssr-330	24	15	gaps	gap	NOUN
aijssr-330	24	16	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	24	17	ssa	ssa	NOUN
aijssr-330	24	18	1	1	NUM
aijssr-330	24	19	fiscal	fiscal	ADJ
aijssr-330	24	20	crisis	crisis	NOUN
aijssr-330	24	21	occurs	occur	VERB
aijssr-330	24	22	when	when	SCONJ
aijssr-330	24	23	there	there	PRON
aijssr-330	24	24	is	be	VERB
aijssr-330	24	25	a	a	DET
aijssr-330	24	26	substantial	substantial	ADJ
aijssr-330	24	27	increase	increase	NOUN
aijssr-330	24	28	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	24	29	much	much	ADV
aijssr-330	24	30	-	-	PUNCT
aijssr-330	24	31	needed	need	VERB
aijssr-330	24	32	government	government	NOUN
aijssr-330	24	33	expenditures	expenditure	NOUN
aijssr-330	24	34	over	over	ADP
aijssr-330	24	35	state	state	NOUN
aijssr-330	24	36	revenues	revenue	NOUN
aijssr-330	24	37	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	24	38	which	which	PRON
aijssr-330	24	39	give	give	VERB
aijssr-330	24	40	rise	rise	NOUN
aijssr-330	24	41	to	to	ADP
aijssr-330	24	42	insufficient	insufficient	ADJ
aijssr-330	24	43	finance	finance	NOUN
aijssr-330	24	44	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	25	1	copyright	copyright	NOUN
aijssr-330	25	2	©	©	PROPN
aijssr-330	25	3	cc	cc	PROPN
aijssr-330	25	4	-	-	PUNCT
aijssr-330	25	5	by	by	ADP
aijssr-330	25	6	-	-	PUNCT
aijssr-330	25	7	nc	nc	PROPN
aijssr-330	25	8	2019	2019	NUM
aijssr-330	25	9	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	25	10	cribfb	cribfb	PROPN
aijssr-330	25	11	|	|	ADV
aijssr-330	25	12	aijssr	aijssr	PROPN
aijssr-330	25	13	www.cribfb.com/journal/index.php/aijssr	www.cribfb.com/journal/index.php/aijssr	PROPN
aijssr-330	26	1	american	american	PROPN
aijssr-330	26	2	international	international	PROPN
aijssr-330	26	3	journal	journal	PROPN
aijssr-330	26	4	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	26	5	social	social	ADJ
aijssr-330	26	6	science	science	NOUN
aijssr-330	26	7	research	research	NOUN
aijssr-330	26	8	vol	vol	NOUN
aijssr-330	26	9	.	.	PROPN
aijssr-330	27	1	4	4	NUM
aijssr-330	27	2	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	27	3	no	no	INTJ
aijssr-330	27	4	.	.	NOUN
aijssr-330	27	5	2	2	NUM
aijssr-330	27	6	;	;	PUNCT
aijssr-330	27	7	2019	2019	NUM
aijssr-330	27	8	15	15	NUM
aijssr-330	27	9	countries	country	NOUN
aijssr-330	27	10	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	28	1	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	28	2	africa	africa	PROPN
aijssr-330	28	3	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	28	4	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	28	5	culture	culture	NOUN
aijssr-330	28	6	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	28	7	self	self	NOUN
aijssr-330	28	8	-	-	PUNCT
aijssr-330	28	9	serving	serve	VERB
aijssr-330	28	10	ethos	ethos	NOUN
aijssr-330	28	11	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	28	12	dishonest	dishonest	ADJ
aijssr-330	28	13	political	political	ADJ
aijssr-330	28	14	control	control	NOUN
aijssr-330	28	15	are	be	AUX
aijssr-330	28	16	ubiquitous	ubiquitous	ADJ
aijssr-330	28	17	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	29	1	due	due	ADP
aijssr-330	29	2	to	to	ADP
aijssr-330	29	3	high	high	ADJ
aijssr-330	29	4	levels	level	NOUN
aijssr-330	29	5	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	29	6	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	29	7	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	29	8	inefficient	inefficient	ADJ
aijssr-330	29	9	resource	resource	NOUN
aijssr-330	29	10	utilization	utilization	NOUN
aijssr-330	29	11	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	29	12	public	public	ADJ
aijssr-330	29	13	debt	debt	NOUN
aijssr-330	29	14	has	have	AUX
aijssr-330	29	15	turned	turn	VERB
aijssr-330	29	16	out	out	ADP
aijssr-330	29	17	to	to	PART
aijssr-330	29	18	be	be	AUX
aijssr-330	29	19	a	a	DET
aijssr-330	29	20	new	new	ADJ
aijssr-330	29	21	succession	succession	NOUN
aijssr-330	29	22	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	29	23	slavery	slavery	NOUN
aijssr-330	29	24	for	for	ADP
aijssr-330	29	25	most	most	ADJ
aijssr-330	29	26	countries	country	NOUN
aijssr-330	29	27	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	29	28	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	29	29	region	region	NOUN
aijssr-330	29	30	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	30	1	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	30	2	biggest	big	ADJ
aijssr-330	30	3	challenge	challenge	NOUN
aijssr-330	30	4	confronting	confront	VERB
aijssr-330	30	5	ssa	ssa	NOUN
aijssr-330	30	6	is	be	AUX
aijssr-330	30	7	how	how	SCONJ
aijssr-330	30	8	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	30	9	borrowed	borrow	VERB
aijssr-330	30	10	funds	fund	NOUN
aijssr-330	30	11	can	can	AUX
aijssr-330	30	12	be	be	AUX
aijssr-330	30	13	utilized	utilize	VERB
aijssr-330	30	14	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	31	1	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
aijssr-330	31	2	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	31	3	indeed	indeed	ADV
aijssr-330	31	4	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	31	5	best	well	ADV
aijssr-330	31	6	fits	fit	VERB
aijssr-330	31	7	this	this	DET
aijssr-330	31	8	scenario	scenario	NOUN
aijssr-330	31	9	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	31	10	as	as	SCONJ
aijssr-330	31	11	pervasive	pervasive	ADJ
aijssr-330	31	12	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	31	13	impedes	impede	VERB
aijssr-330	31	14	strict	strict	ADJ
aijssr-330	31	15	adherence	adherence	NOUN
aijssr-330	31	16	to	to	ADP
aijssr-330	31	17	fiscal	fiscal	ADJ
aijssr-330	31	18	rules	rule	NOUN
aijssr-330	31	19	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	31	20	prudence	prudence	NOUN
aijssr-330	31	21	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	31	22	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	31	23	country	country	NOUN
aijssr-330	31	24	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	32	1	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	32	2	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
aijssr-330	32	3	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	32	4	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	32	5	advent	advent	NOUN
aijssr-330	32	6	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	32	7	civil	civil	ADJ
aijssr-330	32	8	rule	rule	NOUN
aijssr-330	32	9	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	32	10	1999	1999	NUM
aijssr-330	32	11	has	have	AUX
aijssr-330	32	12	led	lead	VERB
aijssr-330	32	13	to	to	ADP
aijssr-330	32	14	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	32	15	introduction	introduction	NOUN
aijssr-330	32	16	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	32	17	anti	anti	ADJ
aijssr-330	32	18	-	-	ADJ
aijssr-330	32	19	corruption	corruption	ADJ
aijssr-330	32	20	initiatives	initiative	NOUN
aijssr-330	32	21	by	by	ADP
aijssr-330	32	22	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	32	23	successive	successive	ADJ
aijssr-330	32	24	governments	government	NOUN
aijssr-330	32	25	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	33	1	despite	despite	SCONJ
aijssr-330	33	2	these	these	PRON
aijssr-330	33	3	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	33	4	coupled	couple	VERB
aijssr-330	33	5	with	with	ADP
aijssr-330	33	6	institutional	institutional	ADJ
aijssr-330	33	7	control	control	NOUN
aijssr-330	33	8	measures	measure	NOUN
aijssr-330	33	9	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	33	10	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	33	11	is	be	AUX
aijssr-330	33	12	festering	fester	VERB
aijssr-330	33	13	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	34	1	according	accord	VERB
aijssr-330	34	2	to	to	ADP
aijssr-330	34	3	transparency	transparency	NOUN
aijssr-330	34	4	international	international	PROPN
aijssr-330	34	5	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	34	6	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
aijssr-330	34	7	is	be	AUX
aijssr-330	34	8	one	one	NUM
aijssr-330	34	9	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	34	10	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	34	11	most	most	ADV
aijssr-330	34	12	corrupt	corrupt	ADJ
aijssr-330	34	13	countries	country	NOUN
aijssr-330	34	14	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	34	15	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	34	16	world	world	NOUN
aijssr-330	34	17	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	35	1	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	35	2	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	35	3	perceptions	perception	NOUN
aijssr-330	35	4	index	index	NOUN
aijssr-330	35	5	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	35	6	2018	2018	NUM
aijssr-330	35	7	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	35	8	shows	show	VERB
aijssr-330	35	9	that	that	SCONJ
aijssr-330	35	10	out	out	ADP
aijssr-330	35	11	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	35	12	175	175	NUM
aijssr-330	35	13	countries	country	NOUN
aijssr-330	35	14	ranked	rank	VERB
aijssr-330	35	15	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	35	16	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
aijssr-330	35	17	is	be	AUX
aijssr-330	35	18	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	35	19	144	144	NUM
aijssr-330	35	20	least	least	ADJ
aijssr-330	35	21	corrupt	corrupt	ADJ
aijssr-330	35	22	nation	nation	NOUN
aijssr-330	35	23	—	—	PUNCT
aijssr-330	35	24	close	close	ADJ
aijssr-330	35	25	to	to	ADP
aijssr-330	35	26	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	35	27	bottom	bottom	NOUN
aijssr-330	35	28	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	35	29	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	35	30	ranking	ranking	NOUN
aijssr-330	35	31	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	36	1	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	36	2	alarming	alarming	ADJ
aijssr-330	36	3	proportion	proportion	NOUN
aijssr-330	36	4	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	36	5	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
aijssr-330	36	6	’s	’s	PART
aijssr-330	36	7	public	public	ADJ
aijssr-330	36	8	debt	debt	NOUN
aijssr-330	36	9	which	which	PRON
aijssr-330	36	10	could	could	AUX
aijssr-330	36	11	have	have	VERB
aijssr-330	36	12	an	an	DET
aijssr-330	36	13	adverse	adverse	ADJ
aijssr-330	36	14	effect	effect	NOUN
aijssr-330	36	15	on	on	ADP
aijssr-330	36	16	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	36	17	development	development	NOUN
aijssr-330	36	18	path	path	NOUN
aijssr-330	36	19	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	36	20	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	36	21	country	country	NOUN
aijssr-330	36	22	has	have	AUX
aijssr-330	36	23	escalated	escalate	VERB
aijssr-330	36	24	debate	debate	NOUN
aijssr-330	36	25	among	among	ADP
aijssr-330	36	26	policymakers	policymaker	NOUN
aijssr-330	36	27	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	36	28	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	36	29	spite	spite	NOUN
aijssr-330	36	30	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	36	31	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	36	32	argument	argument	NOUN
aijssr-330	36	33	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	36	34	government	government	NOUN
aijssr-330	36	35	’s	’s	PART
aijssr-330	36	36	financial	financial	ADJ
aijssr-330	36	37	managers	manager	NOUN
aijssr-330	36	38	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	37	1	given	give	VERB
aijssr-330	37	2	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	37	3	debt	debt	NOUN
aijssr-330	37	4	management	management	NOUN
aijssr-330	37	5	office	office	NOUN
aijssr-330	37	6	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	37	7	dmo	dmo	NOUN
aijssr-330	37	8	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	37	9	report	report	NOUN
aijssr-330	37	10	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	37	11	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	37	12	country	country	NOUN
aijssr-330	37	13	’s	’s	PART
aijssr-330	37	14	total	total	ADJ
aijssr-330	37	15	debt	debt	NOUN
aijssr-330	37	16	stood	stand	VERB
aijssr-330	37	17	at	at	ADP
aijssr-330	37	18	n22.43	n22.43	PROPN
aijssr-330	37	19	trillion	trillion	NUM
aijssr-330	37	20	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	37	21	2018	2018	NUM
aijssr-330	37	22	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	37	23	a	a	DET
aijssr-330	37	24	rise	rise	NOUN
aijssr-330	37	25	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	37	26	85.06	85.06	NUM
aijssr-330	37	27	per	per	ADP
aijssr-330	37	28	cent	cent	NOUN
aijssr-330	37	29	when	when	SCONJ
aijssr-330	37	30	compared	compare	VERB
aijssr-330	37	31	with	with	ADP
aijssr-330	37	32	what	what	PRON
aijssr-330	37	33	it	it	PRON
aijssr-330	37	34	was	be	AUX
aijssr-330	37	35	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	37	36	june	june	PROPN
aijssr-330	37	37	2015	2015	NUM
aijssr-330	37	38	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	37	39	leadership	leadership	PROPN
aijssr-330	37	40	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
aijssr-330	37	41	newspaper	newspaper	NOUN
aijssr-330	37	42	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	37	43	2018	2018	NUM
aijssr-330	37	44	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	37	45	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	38	1	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	38	2	percentage	percentage	NOUN
aijssr-330	38	3	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	38	4	public	public	ADJ
aijssr-330	38	5	debt	debt	NOUN
aijssr-330	38	6	to	to	ADP
aijssr-330	38	7	gdp	gdp	NOUN
aijssr-330	38	8	has	have	AUX
aijssr-330	38	9	been	be	AUX
aijssr-330	38	10	on	on	ADP
aijssr-330	38	11	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	38	12	rising	rise	VERB
aijssr-330	38	13	side	side	NOUN
aijssr-330	38	14	vis	vis	X
aijssr-330	38	15	-	-	X
aijssr-330	38	16	à	à	X
aijssr-330	38	17	-	-	PUNCT
aijssr-330	38	18	vis	vis	X
aijssr-330	38	19	low	low	ADJ
aijssr-330	38	20	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	38	21	index	index	NOUN
aijssr-330	38	22	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	38	23	figure	figure	NOUN
aijssr-330	38	24	1	1	NUM
aijssr-330	38	25	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	38	26	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	39	1	it	it	PRON
aijssr-330	39	2	is	be	AUX
aijssr-330	39	3	worrisome	worrisome	ADJ
aijssr-330	39	4	that	that	SCONJ
aijssr-330	39	5	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
aijssr-330	39	6	is	be	AUX
aijssr-330	39	7	approaching	approach	VERB
aijssr-330	39	8	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	39	9	pre-2005	pre-2005	NOUN
aijssr-330	39	10	paris	paris	PROPN
aijssr-330	39	11	club	club	NOUN
aijssr-330	39	12	levels	level	NOUN
aijssr-330	39	13	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	40	1	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	40	2	causes	cause	NOUN
aijssr-330	40	3	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	40	4	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	40	5	responsive	responsive	ADJ
aijssr-330	40	6	approach	approach	NOUN
aijssr-330	40	7	to	to	ADP
aijssr-330	40	8	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	40	9	fiscal	fiscal	ADJ
aijssr-330	40	10	crisis	crisis	NOUN
aijssr-330	40	11	are	be	AUX
aijssr-330	40	12	being	be	AUX
aijssr-330	40	13	viewed	view	VERB
aijssr-330	40	14	by	by	ADP
aijssr-330	40	15	researchers	researcher	NOUN
aijssr-330	40	16	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	41	1	following	follow	VERB
aijssr-330	41	2	call	call	NOUN
aijssr-330	41	3	for	for	ADP
aijssr-330	41	4	restraining	restrain	VERB
aijssr-330	41	5	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	41	6	escalation	escalation	NOUN
aijssr-330	41	7	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	41	8	public	public	ADJ
aijssr-330	41	9	debt	debt	NOUN
aijssr-330	41	10	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	41	11	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	41	12	goal	goal	NOUN
aijssr-330	41	13	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	41	14	attaining	attain	VERB
aijssr-330	41	15	global	global	ADJ
aijssr-330	41	16	financial	financial	ADJ
aijssr-330	41	17	stability	stability	NOUN
aijssr-330	41	18	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	41	19	fiscal	fiscal	ADJ
aijssr-330	41	20	sustainability	sustainability	NOUN
aijssr-330	41	21	through	through	ADP
aijssr-330	41	22	sound	sound	ADJ
aijssr-330	41	23	regulatory	regulatory	ADJ
aijssr-330	41	24	reform	reform	NOUN
aijssr-330	41	25	has	have	AUX
aijssr-330	41	26	embodied	embody	VERB
aijssr-330	41	27	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	41	28	provisions	provision	NOUN
aijssr-330	41	29	that	that	PRON
aijssr-330	41	30	enhance	enhance	VERB
aijssr-330	41	31	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	41	32	institutional	institutional	ADJ
aijssr-330	41	33	framework	framework	NOUN
aijssr-330	41	34	for	for	ADP
aijssr-330	41	35	addressing	address	VERB
aijssr-330	41	36	frail	frail	ADJ
aijssr-330	41	37	fiscal	fiscal	ADJ
aijssr-330	41	38	levels	level	NOUN
aijssr-330	41	39	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	41	40	developed	develop	VERB
aijssr-330	41	41	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	41	42	emerging	emerge	VERB
aijssr-330	41	43	economies	economy	NOUN
aijssr-330	41	44	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	42	1	however	however	ADV
aijssr-330	42	2	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	42	3	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	42	4	literature	literature	NOUN
aijssr-330	42	5	on	on	ADP
aijssr-330	42	6	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	42	7	role	role	NOUN
aijssr-330	42	8	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	42	9	political	political	ADJ
aijssr-330	42	10	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	42	11	bureaucratic	bureaucratic	ADJ
aijssr-330	42	12	factors	factor	NOUN
aijssr-330	42	13	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	42	14	public	public	ADJ
aijssr-330	42	15	debt	debt	NOUN
aijssr-330	42	16	accumulation	accumulation	NOUN
aijssr-330	42	17	process	process	NOUN
aijssr-330	42	18	is	be	AUX
aijssr-330	42	19	sparse	sparse	ADJ
aijssr-330	42	20	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	42	21	perhaps	perhaps	ADV
aijssr-330	42	22	still	still	ADV
aijssr-330	42	23	budding	bud	VERB
aijssr-330	42	24	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	42	25	developing	develop	VERB
aijssr-330	42	26	countries	country	NOUN
aijssr-330	42	27	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	43	1	thus	thus	ADV
aijssr-330	43	2	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	43	3	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	43	4	question	question	NOUN
aijssr-330	43	5	as	as	ADP
aijssr-330	43	6	to	to	ADP
aijssr-330	43	7	whether	whether	SCONJ
aijssr-330	43	8	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	43	9	high	high	ADJ
aijssr-330	43	10	level	level	NOUN
aijssr-330	43	11	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	43	12	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	43	13	magnifies	magnify	VERB
aijssr-330	43	14	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	43	15	growing	grow	VERB
aijssr-330	43	16	incidence	incidence	NOUN
aijssr-330	43	17	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	43	18	indebtedness	indebtedness	NOUN
aijssr-330	43	19	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	43	20	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
aijssr-330	43	21	’s	’s	PART
aijssr-330	43	22	government	government	NOUN
aijssr-330	43	23	should	should	AUX
aijssr-330	43	24	be	be	AUX
aijssr-330	43	25	accorded	accord	VERB
aijssr-330	43	26	considerable	considerable	ADJ
aijssr-330	43	27	attention	attention	NOUN
aijssr-330	43	28	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	44	1	figure	figure	NOUN
aijssr-330	44	2	1	1	NUM
aijssr-330	44	3	:	:	PUNCT
aijssr-330	44	4	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	44	5	index	index	NOUN
aijssr-330	44	6	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	44	7	%	%	NOUN
aijssr-330	44	8	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	44	9	public	public	ADJ
aijssr-330	44	10	debt	debt	NOUN
aijssr-330	44	11	to	to	ADP
aijssr-330	44	12	gdp	gdp	NOUN
aijssr-330	44	13	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	44	14	2012	2012	NUM
aijssr-330	44	15	-	-	SYM
aijssr-330	44	16	2018	2018	NUM
aijssr-330	44	17	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	44	18	source	source	NOUN
aijssr-330	44	19	:	:	PUNCT
aijssr-330	44	20	authors	author	NOUN
aijssr-330	44	21	’	'	PUNCT
aijssr-330	44	22	estimates	estimate	NOUN
aijssr-330	44	23	based	base	VERB
aijssr-330	44	24	on	on	ADP
aijssr-330	44	25	data	datum	NOUN
aijssr-330	44	26	from	from	ADP
aijssr-330	44	27	transparency	transparency	NOUN
aijssr-330	44	28	international	international	ADJ
aijssr-330	44	29	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	44	30	imf	imf	PROPN
aijssr-330	44	31	world	world	PROPN
aijssr-330	44	32	economic	economic	PROPN
aijssr-330	44	33	outlook	outlook	NOUN
aijssr-330	44	34	database	database	NOUN
aijssr-330	44	35	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	44	36	2018	2018	NUM
aijssr-330	44	37	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	44	38	furthermore	furthermore	ADV
aijssr-330	44	39	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	44	40	most	most	ADJ
aijssr-330	44	41	findings	finding	NOUN
aijssr-330	44	42	on	on	ADP
aijssr-330	44	43	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	44	44	relationship	relationship	NOUN
aijssr-330	44	45	between	between	ADP
aijssr-330	44	46	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	44	47	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	44	48	public	public	ADJ
aijssr-330	44	49	debt	debt	NOUN
aijssr-330	44	50	are	be	AUX
aijssr-330	44	51	cross	cross	ADJ
aijssr-330	44	52	-	-	ADJ
aijssr-330	44	53	country	country	ADJ
aijssr-330	44	54	studies	study	NOUN
aijssr-330	44	55	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	44	56	alfredo	alfredo	PROPN
aijssr-330	44	57	&	&	CCONJ
aijssr-330	44	58	luca	luca	PROPN
aijssr-330	44	59	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	44	60	2015	2015	NUM
aijssr-330	44	61	;	;	PUNCT
aijssr-330	44	62	cooray	cooray	VERB
aijssr-330	44	63	et	et	PROPN
aijssr-330	44	64	al	al	PROPN
aijssr-330	44	65	.	.	PROPN
aijssr-330	44	66	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	44	67	2017	2017	NUM
aijssr-330	44	68	;	;	PUNCT
aijssr-330	44	69	benfratello	benfratello	PROPN
aijssr-330	44	70	et	et	PROPN
aijssr-330	44	71	al	al	PROPN
aijssr-330	44	72	.	.	PROPN
aijssr-330	44	73	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	44	74	2018	2018	NUM
aijssr-330	44	75	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	44	76	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	44	77	whereas	whereas	SCONJ
aijssr-330	44	78	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	44	79	regarding	regard	VERB
aijssr-330	44	80	nigeria	nigeria	PRON
aijssr-330	44	81	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	44	82	major	major	ADJ
aijssr-330	44	83	studies	study	NOUN
aijssr-330	44	84	center	center	VERB
aijssr-330	44	85	on	on	ADP
aijssr-330	44	86	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	44	87	nexus	nexus	NOUN
aijssr-330	44	88	between	between	ADP
aijssr-330	44	89	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	44	90	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	44	91	economic	economic	ADJ
aijssr-330	44	92	performance	performance	NOUN
aijssr-330	44	93	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	44	94	obadan	obadan	PROPN
aijssr-330	44	95	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	44	96	2002	2002	NUM
aijssr-330	44	97	;	;	PUNCT
aijssr-330	44	98	osunyikanmi	osunyikanmi	PROPN
aijssr-330	44	99	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	44	100	2007	2007	NUM
aijssr-330	44	101	;	;	PUNCT
aijssr-330	44	102	adewale	adewale	PROPN
aijssr-330	44	103	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	44	104	2011	2011	NUM
aijssr-330	44	105	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	44	106	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	45	1	hence	hence	ADV
aijssr-330	45	2	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	45	3	like	like	ADP
aijssr-330	45	4	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	45	5	way	way	NOUN
aijssr-330	45	6	grechyna	grechyna	NOUN
aijssr-330	45	7	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	45	8	2012	2012	NUM
aijssr-330	45	9	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	45	10	opines	opine	VERB
aijssr-330	45	11	that	that	SCONJ
aijssr-330	45	12	there	there	PRON
aijssr-330	45	13	is	be	VERB
aijssr-330	45	14	need	need	NOUN
aijssr-330	45	15	for	for	ADP
aijssr-330	45	16	convincing	convince	VERB
aijssr-330	45	17	empirical	empirical	ADJ
aijssr-330	45	18	evidence	evidence	NOUN
aijssr-330	45	19	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	45	20	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	45	21	effect	effect	NOUN
aijssr-330	45	22	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	45	23	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	45	24	on	on	ADP
aijssr-330	45	25	public	public	ADJ
aijssr-330	45	26	debt	debt	NOUN
aijssr-330	45	27	for	for	ADP
aijssr-330	45	28	high	high	ADJ
aijssr-330	45	29	-	-	PUNCT
aijssr-330	45	30	income	income	NOUN
aijssr-330	45	31	countries	country	NOUN
aijssr-330	45	32	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	45	33	a	a	DET
aijssr-330	45	34	study	study	NOUN
aijssr-330	45	35	that	that	PRON
aijssr-330	45	36	will	will	AUX
aijssr-330	45	37	examine	examine	VERB
aijssr-330	45	38	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	45	39	influence	influence	NOUN
aijssr-330	45	40	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	45	41	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	45	42	on	on	ADP
aijssr-330	45	43	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	45	44	rising	rise	VERB
aijssr-330	45	45	debt	debt	NOUN
aijssr-330	45	46	profile	profile	NOUN
aijssr-330	45	47	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	45	48	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
aijssr-330	45	49	is	be	AUX
aijssr-330	45	50	central	central	ADJ
aijssr-330	45	51	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	46	1	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	46	2	main	main	ADJ
aijssr-330	46	3	reason	reason	NOUN
aijssr-330	46	4	advanced	advanced	ADJ
aijssr-330	46	5	for	for	ADP
aijssr-330	46	6	this	this	DET
aijssr-330	46	7	study	study	NOUN
aijssr-330	46	8	is	be	AUX
aijssr-330	46	9	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	46	10	paucity	paucity	NOUN
aijssr-330	46	11	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	46	12	systematic	systematic	ADJ
aijssr-330	46	13	analysis	analysis	NOUN
aijssr-330	46	14	significant	significant	ADJ
aijssr-330	46	15	for	for	ADP
aijssr-330	46	16	enhancing	enhance	VERB
aijssr-330	46	17	holistic	holistic	ADJ
aijssr-330	46	18	expositions	exposition	NOUN
aijssr-330	46	19	that	that	PRON
aijssr-330	46	20	would	would	AUX
aijssr-330	46	21	drive	drive	VERB
aijssr-330	46	22	robust	robust	ADJ
aijssr-330	46	23	regulatory	regulatory	ADJ
aijssr-330	46	24	response	response	NOUN
aijssr-330	46	25	to	to	ADP
aijssr-330	46	26	escalating	escalate	VERB
aijssr-330	46	27	fiscal	fiscal	ADJ
aijssr-330	46	28	crisis	crisis	NOUN
aijssr-330	46	29	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	47	1	specifically	specifically	ADV
aijssr-330	47	2	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	47	3	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	47	4	study	study	NOUN
aijssr-330	47	5	’s	’s	PART
aijssr-330	47	6	key	key	ADJ
aijssr-330	47	7	objective	objective	NOUN
aijssr-330	47	8	is	be	AUX
aijssr-330	47	9	to	to	PART
aijssr-330	47	10	explore	explore	VERB
aijssr-330	47	11	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	47	12	long	long	ADV
aijssr-330	47	13	-	-	PUNCT
aijssr-330	47	14	run	run	VERB
aijssr-330	47	15	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	47	16	short	short	ADJ
aijssr-330	47	17	run	run	NOUN
aijssr-330	47	18	relationship	relationship	NOUN
aijssr-330	47	19	between	between	ADP
aijssr-330	47	20	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	47	21	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	47	22	public	public	ADJ
aijssr-330	47	23	debt	debt	NOUN
aijssr-330	47	24	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	47	25	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
aijssr-330	47	26	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	48	1	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	48	2	rest	rest	NOUN
aijssr-330	48	3	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	48	4	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	48	5	paper	paper	NOUN
aijssr-330	48	6	is	be	AUX
aijssr-330	48	7	organized	organize	VERB
aijssr-330	48	8	as	as	SCONJ
aijssr-330	48	9	follows	follow	VERB
aijssr-330	48	10	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	49	1	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	49	2	section	section	NOUN
aijssr-330	49	3	2	2	NUM
aijssr-330	49	4	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	49	5	literature	literature	NOUN
aijssr-330	49	6	review	review	NOUN
aijssr-330	49	7	is	be	AUX
aijssr-330	49	8	presented	present	VERB
aijssr-330	49	9	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	50	1	data	datum	NOUN
aijssr-330	50	2	description	description	NOUN
aijssr-330	50	3	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	50	4	detailed	detailed	ADJ
aijssr-330	50	5	econometric	econometric	ADJ
aijssr-330	50	6	techniques	technique	NOUN
aijssr-330	50	7	adopted	adopt	VERB
aijssr-330	50	8	are	be	AUX
aijssr-330	50	9	provided	provide	VERB
aijssr-330	50	10	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	50	11	section	section	NOUN
aijssr-330	50	12	3	3	NUM
aijssr-330	50	13	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	50	14	section	section	NOUN
aijssr-330	50	15	4	4	NUM
aijssr-330	50	16	is	be	AUX
aijssr-330	50	17	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	50	18	presentation	presentation	NOUN
aijssr-330	50	19	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	50	20	results	result	NOUN
aijssr-330	50	21	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	50	22	discussion	discussion	NOUN
aijssr-330	50	23	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	50	24	while	while	SCONJ
aijssr-330	50	25	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	50	26	last	last	ADJ
aijssr-330	50	27	section	section	NOUN
aijssr-330	50	28	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	50	29	section	section	NOUN
aijssr-330	50	30	5	5	NUM
aijssr-330	50	31	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	50	32	gives	give	VERB
aijssr-330	50	33	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	50	34	concluding	concluding	NOUN
aijssr-330	50	35	remarks	remark	NOUN
aijssr-330	50	36	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	51	1	2	2	X
aijssr-330	51	2	.	.	X
aijssr-330	51	3	literature	literature	NOUN
aijssr-330	51	4	review	review	VERB
aijssr-330	51	5	2.1	2.1	NUM
aijssr-330	51	6	theoretical	theoretical	ADJ
aijssr-330	51	7	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	51	8	conceptual	conceptual	ADJ
aijssr-330	51	9	discussion	discussion	NOUN
aijssr-330	51	10	over	over	ADP
aijssr-330	51	11	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	51	12	years	year	NOUN
aijssr-330	51	13	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	51	14	many	many	ADJ
aijssr-330	51	15	scholars	scholar	NOUN
aijssr-330	51	16	have	have	AUX
aijssr-330	51	17	dealt	deal	VERB
aijssr-330	51	18	with	with	ADP
aijssr-330	51	19	various	various	ADJ
aijssr-330	51	20	institutional	institutional	ADJ
aijssr-330	51	21	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	51	22	economic	economic	ADJ
aijssr-330	51	23	factors	factor	NOUN
aijssr-330	51	24	that	that	PRON
aijssr-330	51	25	could	could	AUX
aijssr-330	51	26	navigate	navigate	VERB
aijssr-330	51	27	fiscal	fiscal	ADJ
aijssr-330	51	28	operations	operation	NOUN
aijssr-330	51	29	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	51	30	any	any	DET
aijssr-330	51	31	economy	economy	NOUN
aijssr-330	51	32	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	52	1	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	52	2	close	close	ADJ
aijssr-330	52	3	nexus	nexus	NOUN
aijssr-330	52	4	between	between	ADP
aijssr-330	52	5	feeble	feeble	ADJ
aijssr-330	52	6	bureaucratic	bureaucratic	ADJ
aijssr-330	52	7	system	system	NOUN
aijssr-330	52	8	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	52	9	shadow	shadow	NOUN
aijssr-330	52	10	economy2	economy2	NOUN
aijssr-330	52	11	has	have	VERB
aijssr-330	52	12	a	a	DET
aijssr-330	52	13	substantial	substantial	ADJ
aijssr-330	52	14	influence	influence	NOUN
aijssr-330	52	15	on	on	ADP
aijssr-330	52	16	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	52	17	performance	performance	NOUN
aijssr-330	52	18	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	52	19	fiscal	fiscal	ADJ
aijssr-330	52	20	institutions	institution	NOUN
aijssr-330	52	21	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	53	1	for	for	ADP
aijssr-330	53	2	instance	instance	NOUN
aijssr-330	53	3	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	53	4	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	53	5	friedman	friedman	PROPN
aijssr-330	53	6	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	53	7	johnson	johnson	PROPN
aijssr-330	53	8	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	53	9	kaufmann	kaufmann	PROPN
aijssr-330	53	10	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	53	11	&	&	CCONJ
aijssr-330	53	12	zoido	zoido	NOUN
aijssr-330	53	13	-	-	PUNCT
aijssr-330	53	14	lobaton	lobaton	PROPN
aijssr-330	53	15	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	53	16	2000	2000	NUM
aijssr-330	53	17	;	;	PUNCT
aijssr-330	53	18	schneider	schneider	NOUN
aijssr-330	53	19	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	53	20	buehn	buehn	PROPN
aijssr-330	53	21	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	53	22	&	&	CCONJ
aijssr-330	53	23	montenegro	montenegro	PROPN
aijssr-330	53	24	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	53	25	2010	2010	NUM
aijssr-330	53	26	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	53	27	contend	contend	VERB
aijssr-330	53	28	that	that	SCONJ
aijssr-330	53	29	a	a	DET
aijssr-330	53	30	larger	large	ADJ
aijssr-330	53	31	shadow	shadow	NOUN
aijssr-330	53	32	economy	economy	NOUN
aijssr-330	53	33	results	result	NOUN
aijssr-330	53	34	from	from	ADP
aijssr-330	53	35	high	high	ADJ
aijssr-330	53	36	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	53	37	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	54	1	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	54	2	two	two	NUM
aijssr-330	54	3	concepts	concept	NOUN
aijssr-330	54	4	are	be	AUX
aijssr-330	54	5	closely	closely	ADV
aijssr-330	54	6	related	relate	VERB
aijssr-330	54	7	2	2	NUM
aijssr-330	54	8	although	although	SCONJ
aijssr-330	54	9	there	there	PRON
aijssr-330	54	10	seems	seem	VERB
aijssr-330	54	11	to	to	PART
aijssr-330	54	12	be	be	AUX
aijssr-330	54	13	no	no	DET
aijssr-330	54	14	consensus	consensus	NOUN
aijssr-330	54	15	exists	exist	VERB
aijssr-330	54	16	as	as	ADP
aijssr-330	54	17	to	to	ADP
aijssr-330	54	18	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	54	19	precise	precise	ADJ
aijssr-330	54	20	definition	definition	NOUN
aijssr-330	54	21	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	54	22	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	54	23	shadow	shadow	NOUN
aijssr-330	54	24	economy	economy	NOUN
aijssr-330	54	25	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	54	26	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	54	27	concept	concept	NOUN
aijssr-330	54	28	can	can	AUX
aijssr-330	54	29	be	be	AUX
aijssr-330	54	30	viewed	view	VERB
aijssr-330	54	31	as	as	ADP
aijssr-330	54	32	an	an	DET
aijssr-330	54	33	unobservable	unobservable	ADJ
aijssr-330	54	34	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	54	35	unrecorded	unrecorded	ADJ
aijssr-330	54	36	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	54	37	economic	economic	ADJ
aijssr-330	54	38	phenomenon	phenomenon	NOUN
aijssr-330	54	39	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	54	40	buehn	buehn	PROPN
aijssr-330	54	41	&	&	CCONJ
aijssr-330	54	42	schneider	schneider	PROPN
aijssr-330	54	43	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	54	44	2009	2009	NUM
aijssr-330	54	45	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	54	46	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	55	1	copyright	copyright	NOUN
aijssr-330	55	2	©	©	PROPN
aijssr-330	55	3	cc	cc	PROPN
aijssr-330	55	4	-	-	PUNCT
aijssr-330	55	5	by	by	ADP
aijssr-330	55	6	-	-	PUNCT
aijssr-330	55	7	nc	nc	PROPN
aijssr-330	55	8	2019	2019	NUM
aijssr-330	55	9	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	55	10	cribfb	cribfb	PROPN
aijssr-330	55	11	|	|	ADV
aijssr-330	55	12	aijssr	aijssr	PROPN
aijssr-330	55	13	www.cribfb.com/journal/index.php/aijssr	www.cribfb.com/journal/index.php/aijssr	PROPN
aijssr-330	56	1	american	american	PROPN
aijssr-330	56	2	international	international	PROPN
aijssr-330	56	3	journal	journal	PROPN
aijssr-330	56	4	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	56	5	social	social	ADJ
aijssr-330	56	6	science	science	NOUN
aijssr-330	56	7	research	research	NOUN
aijssr-330	56	8	vol	vol	NOUN
aijssr-330	56	9	.	.	PROPN
aijssr-330	57	1	4	4	NUM
aijssr-330	57	2	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	57	3	no	no	INTJ
aijssr-330	57	4	.	.	NOUN
aijssr-330	57	5	2	2	NUM
aijssr-330	57	6	;	;	PUNCT
aijssr-330	57	7	2019	2019	NUM
aijssr-330	57	8	16	16	NUM
aijssr-330	57	9	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	57	10	analogous3	analogous3	NOUN
aijssr-330	57	11	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	57	12	as	as	SCONJ
aijssr-330	57	13	both	both	PRON
aijssr-330	57	14	involve	involve	VERB
aijssr-330	57	15	illegal	illegal	ADJ
aijssr-330	57	16	activities	activity	NOUN
aijssr-330	57	17	such	such	ADJ
aijssr-330	57	18	that	that	SCONJ
aijssr-330	57	19	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	57	20	market	market	NOUN
aijssr-330	57	21	-	-	PUNCT
aijssr-330	57	22	based	base	VERB
aijssr-330	57	23	production	production	NOUN
aijssr-330	57	24	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	57	25	goods	good	NOUN
aijssr-330	57	26	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	57	27	services	service	NOUN
aijssr-330	57	28	remains	remain	VERB
aijssr-330	57	29	elusive	elusive	ADJ
aijssr-330	57	30	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	57	31	official	official	ADJ
aijssr-330	57	32	gdp	gdp	NOUN
aijssr-330	57	33	estimates	estimate	NOUN
aijssr-330	57	34	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	57	35	tanzi	tanzi	PROPN
aijssr-330	57	36	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	57	37	1998	1998	NUM
aijssr-330	57	38	;	;	PUNCT
aijssr-330	57	39	smith	smith	PROPN
aijssr-330	57	40	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	57	41	1994	1994	NUM
aijssr-330	57	42	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	57	43	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	58	1	accordingly	accordingly	ADV
aijssr-330	58	2	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	58	3	by	by	ADP
aijssr-330	58	4	compromising	compromise	VERB
aijssr-330	58	5	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	58	6	capacity	capacity	NOUN
aijssr-330	58	7	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	58	8	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	58	9	government	government	NOUN
aijssr-330	58	10	to	to	PART
aijssr-330	58	11	collect	collect	VERB
aijssr-330	58	12	taxes	taxis	NOUN
aijssr-330	58	13	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	58	14	fees	fee	NOUN
aijssr-330	58	15	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	58	16	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	58	17	gives	give	VERB
aijssr-330	58	18	rise	rise	NOUN
aijssr-330	58	19	to	to	ADP
aijssr-330	58	20	revenue	revenue	NOUN
aijssr-330	58	21	shortfalls	shortfall	NOUN
aijssr-330	58	22	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	58	23	arusha	arusha	PROPN
aijssr-330	58	24	&	&	CCONJ
aijssr-330	58	25	friedrich	friedrich	PROPN
aijssr-330	58	26	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	58	27	2013	2013	NUM
aijssr-330	58	28	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	58	29	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	59	1	given	give	VERB
aijssr-330	59	2	that	that	SCONJ
aijssr-330	59	3	a	a	DET
aijssr-330	59	4	corrupt	corrupt	ADJ
aijssr-330	59	5	bureaucracy	bureaucracy	NOUN
aijssr-330	59	6	alters	alter	VERB
aijssr-330	59	7	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	59	8	design	design	NOUN
aijssr-330	59	9	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	59	10	structure	structure	NOUN
aijssr-330	59	11	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	59	12	functionality	functionality	NOUN
aijssr-330	59	13	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	59	14	fiscal	fiscal	ADJ
aijssr-330	59	15	arrangement	arrangement	NOUN
aijssr-330	59	16	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	59	17	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	59	18	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
aijssr-330	59	19	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	59	20	public	public	ADJ
aijssr-330	59	21	investment	investment	NOUN
aijssr-330	59	22	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	59	23	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
aijssr-330	59	24	is	be	AUX
aijssr-330	59	25	undermined	undermine	VERB
aijssr-330	59	26	by	by	ADP
aijssr-330	59	27	increasing	increase	VERB
aijssr-330	59	28	opacity	opacity	NOUN
aijssr-330	59	29	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	59	30	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	59	31	public	public	ADJ
aijssr-330	59	32	sector	sector	NOUN
aijssr-330	59	33	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	59	34	dzhumashev	dzhumashev	NOUN
aijssr-330	59	35	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	59	36	2014a	2014a	NUM
aijssr-330	59	37	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	59	38	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	60	1	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	60	2	any	any	DET
aijssr-330	60	3	case	case	NOUN
aijssr-330	60	4	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	60	5	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	60	6	quality	quality	NOUN
aijssr-330	60	7	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	60	8	institutions	institution	NOUN
aijssr-330	60	9	shapes	shape	VERB
aijssr-330	60	10	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	60	11	effect	effect	NOUN
aijssr-330	60	12	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	60	13	government	government	NOUN
aijssr-330	60	14	spending	spending	NOUN
aijssr-330	60	15	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	60	16	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	60	17	hence	hence	ADV
aijssr-330	60	18	determines	determine	VERB
aijssr-330	60	19	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	60	20	growth	growth	NOUN
aijssr-330	60	21	rate	rate	NOUN
aijssr-330	60	22	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	60	23	public	public	ADJ
aijssr-330	60	24	debt	debt	NOUN
aijssr-330	60	25	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	61	1	another	another	DET
aijssr-330	61	2	theoretical	theoretical	ADJ
aijssr-330	61	3	linkage	linkage	NOUN
aijssr-330	61	4	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	61	5	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	61	6	literature	literature	NOUN
aijssr-330	61	7	is	be	AUX
aijssr-330	61	8	anchored	anchor	VERB
aijssr-330	61	9	on	on	ADP
aijssr-330	61	10	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	61	11	elite	elite	ADJ
aijssr-330	61	12	theory	theory	NOUN
aijssr-330	61	13	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	62	1	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	62	2	theory	theory	NOUN
aijssr-330	62	3	emphasizes	emphasize	VERB
aijssr-330	62	4	that	that	SCONJ
aijssr-330	62	5	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	62	6	at	at	ADP
aijssr-330	62	7	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	62	8	governance	governance	NOUN
aijssr-330	62	9	level	level	NOUN
aijssr-330	62	10	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	62	11	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	62	12	perpetrators	perpetrator	NOUN
aijssr-330	62	13	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	62	14	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	62	15	are	be	AUX
aijssr-330	62	16	mostly	mostly	ADV
aijssr-330	62	17	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	62	18	elite	elite	ADJ
aijssr-330	62	19	class	class	NOUN
aijssr-330	62	20	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	63	1	proponents	proponent	NOUN
aijssr-330	63	2	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	63	3	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	63	4	theory	theory	NOUN
aijssr-330	63	5	assert	assert	VERB
aijssr-330	63	6	that	that	SCONJ
aijssr-330	63	7	public	public	ADJ
aijssr-330	63	8	policy	policy	NOUN
aijssr-330	63	9	is	be	AUX
aijssr-330	63	10	shaped	shape	VERB
aijssr-330	63	11	by	by	ADP
aijssr-330	63	12	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	63	13	preferences	preference	NOUN
aijssr-330	63	14	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	63	15	values	value	NOUN
aijssr-330	63	16	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	63	17	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	63	18	governing	govern	VERB
aijssr-330	63	19	elite	elite	NOUN
aijssr-330	63	20	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	63	21	gaetano	gaetano	PROPN
aijssr-330	63	22	mosca	mosca	PROPN
aijssr-330	63	23	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	63	24	1858	1858	NUM
aijssr-330	63	25	-	-	SYM
aijssr-330	63	26	1941	1941	NUM
aijssr-330	63	27	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	63	28	;	;	PUNCT
aijssr-330	63	29	jose	jose	PROPN
aijssr-330	63	30	ortega	ortega	PROPN
aijssr-330	63	31	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	63	32	1855	1855	NUM
aijssr-330	63	33	-	-	SYM
aijssr-330	63	34	1983	1983	NUM
aijssr-330	63	35	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	63	36	;	;	PUNCT
aijssr-330	63	37	vilfredo	vilfredo	VERB
aijssr-330	63	38	pareto	pareto	PROPN
aijssr-330	63	39	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	63	40	1923	1923	NUM
aijssr-330	63	41	-	-	SYM
aijssr-330	63	42	1948	1948	NUM
aijssr-330	63	43	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	63	44	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	63	45	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	64	1	they	they	PRON
aijssr-330	64	2	elucidate	elucidate	VERB
aijssr-330	64	3	that	that	SCONJ
aijssr-330	64	4	every	every	DET
aijssr-330	64	5	society	society	NOUN
aijssr-330	64	6	is	be	AUX
aijssr-330	64	7	controlled	control	VERB
aijssr-330	64	8	by	by	ADP
aijssr-330	64	9	a	a	DET
aijssr-330	64	10	group	group	NOUN
aijssr-330	64	11	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	64	12	persons	person	NOUN
aijssr-330	64	13	enjoying	enjoy	VERB
aijssr-330	64	14	superior	superior	ADJ
aijssr-330	64	15	intellectual	intellectual	ADJ
aijssr-330	64	16	or	or	CCONJ
aijssr-330	64	17	social	social	ADJ
aijssr-330	64	18	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	64	19	economic	economic	ADJ
aijssr-330	64	20	status	status	NOUN
aijssr-330	64	21	necessary	necessary	ADJ
aijssr-330	64	22	for	for	ADP
aijssr-330	64	23	its	its	PRON
aijssr-330	64	24	accession	accession	NOUN
aijssr-330	64	25	to	to	ADP
aijssr-330	64	26	full	full	ADJ
aijssr-330	64	27	political	political	ADJ
aijssr-330	64	28	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	64	29	economic	economic	ADJ
aijssr-330	64	30	power	power	NOUN
aijssr-330	64	31	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	65	1	this	this	DET
aijssr-330	65	2	group	group	NOUN
aijssr-330	65	3	manipulate	manipulate	VERB
aijssr-330	65	4	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	65	5	structures	structure	NOUN
aijssr-330	65	6	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	65	7	institutions	institution	NOUN
aijssr-330	65	8	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	65	9	politics	politic	NOUN
aijssr-330	65	10	to	to	PART
aijssr-330	65	11	suite	suite	VERB
aijssr-330	65	12	their	their	PRON
aijssr-330	65	13	private	private	ADJ
aijssr-330	65	14	ends	end	NOUN
aijssr-330	65	15	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	65	16	selfish	selfish	ADJ
aijssr-330	65	17	purposes	purpose	NOUN
aijssr-330	65	18	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	65	19	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	66	1	moreover	moreover	ADV
aijssr-330	66	2	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	66	3	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	66	4	ideological	ideological	ADJ
aijssr-330	66	5	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	66	6	philosophical	philosophical	ADJ
aijssr-330	66	7	direction	direction	NOUN
aijssr-330	66	8	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	66	9	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	66	10	society	society	NOUN
aijssr-330	66	11	are	be	AUX
aijssr-330	66	12	determined	determine	VERB
aijssr-330	66	13	by	by	ADP
aijssr-330	66	14	a	a	DET
aijssr-330	66	15	minority	minority	NOUN
aijssr-330	66	16	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	67	1	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	67	2	development	development	NOUN
aijssr-330	67	3	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	67	4	governing	govern	VERB
aijssr-330	67	5	class	class	NOUN
aijssr-330	67	6	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	67	7	most	most	ADJ
aijssr-330	67	8	developing	develop	VERB
aijssr-330	67	9	economies	economy	NOUN
aijssr-330	67	10	is	be	AUX
aijssr-330	67	11	strongly	strongly	ADV
aijssr-330	67	12	linked	link	VERB
aijssr-330	67	13	with	with	ADP
aijssr-330	67	14	their	their	PRON
aijssr-330	67	15	colonial	colonial	NOUN
aijssr-330	67	16	background4	background4	PROPN
aijssr-330	67	17	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	68	1	specifically	specifically	ADV
aijssr-330	68	2	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	68	3	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	68	4	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
aijssr-330	68	5	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	68	6	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	68	7	elite	elite	ADJ
aijssr-330	68	8	group	group	NOUN
aijssr-330	68	9	has	have	AUX
aijssr-330	68	10	features	feature	NOUN
aijssr-330	68	11	similar	similar	ADJ
aijssr-330	68	12	to	to	ADP
aijssr-330	68	13	its	its	PRON
aijssr-330	68	14	colonial	colonial	ADJ
aijssr-330	68	15	progenitor	progenitor	NOUN
aijssr-330	68	16	—	—	PUNCT
aijssr-330	68	17	an	an	DET
aijssr-330	68	18	instrument	instrument	NOUN
aijssr-330	68	19	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	68	20	exploitation	exploitation	NOUN
aijssr-330	68	21	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	68	22	a	a	DET
aijssr-330	68	23	means	mean	NOUN
aijssr-330	68	24	for	for	ADP
aijssr-330	68	25	primitive	primitive	ADJ
aijssr-330	68	26	resource	resource	NOUN
aijssr-330	68	27	accumulation	accumulation	NOUN
aijssr-330	68	28	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	69	1	public	public	ADJ
aijssr-330	69	2	policy	policy	NOUN
aijssr-330	69	3	is	be	AUX
aijssr-330	69	4	characterized	characterize	VERB
aijssr-330	69	5	by	by	ADP
aijssr-330	69	6	ill	ill	ADV
aijssr-330	69	7	-	-	PUNCT
aijssr-330	69	8	informed	inform	VERB
aijssr-330	69	9	decisions	decision	NOUN
aijssr-330	69	10	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	69	11	sharp	sharp	ADJ
aijssr-330	69	12	corrupt	corrupt	ADJ
aijssr-330	69	13	practices	practice	NOUN
aijssr-330	69	14	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	69	15	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	69	16	ruling	rule	VERB
aijssr-330	69	17	class	class	NOUN
aijssr-330	69	18	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	69	19	which	which	PRON
aijssr-330	69	20	undermine	undermine	VERB
aijssr-330	69	21	fiscal	fiscal	ADJ
aijssr-330	69	22	performance	performance	NOUN
aijssr-330	69	23	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	69	24	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	69	25	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	69	26	turn	turn	NOUN
aijssr-330	69	27	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	69	28	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	69	29	retardation	retardation	NOUN
aijssr-330	69	30	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	69	31	economic	economic	ADJ
aijssr-330	69	32	growth	growth	NOUN
aijssr-330	69	33	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	69	34	development	development	NOUN
aijssr-330	69	35	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	69	36	obialor	obialor	NOUN
aijssr-330	69	37	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	69	38	2017	2017	NUM
aijssr-330	69	39	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	69	40	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	70	1	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	70	2	literature	literature	NOUN
aijssr-330	70	3	on	on	ADP
aijssr-330	70	4	rent	rent	NOUN
aijssr-330	70	5	-	-	PUNCT
aijssr-330	70	6	seeking	seek	VERB
aijssr-330	70	7	theory	theory	NOUN
aijssr-330	70	8	which	which	PRON
aijssr-330	70	9	emphasizes	emphasize	VERB
aijssr-330	70	10	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	70	11	pursuit	pursuit	NOUN
aijssr-330	70	12	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	70	13	private	private	ADJ
aijssr-330	70	14	gains	gain	NOUN
aijssr-330	70	15	by	by	ADP
aijssr-330	70	16	public	public	ADJ
aijssr-330	70	17	administrators	administrator	NOUN
aijssr-330	70	18	at	at	ADP
aijssr-330	70	19	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	70	20	expense	expense	NOUN
aijssr-330	70	21	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	70	22	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	70	23	common	common	ADJ
aijssr-330	70	24	good	good	NOUN
aijssr-330	70	25	also	also	ADV
aijssr-330	70	26	offers	offer	VERB
aijssr-330	70	27	an	an	DET
aijssr-330	70	28	explanation	explanation	NOUN
aijssr-330	70	29	on	on	ADP
aijssr-330	70	30	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	70	31	-	-	PUNCT
aijssr-330	70	32	fiscal	fiscal	ADJ
aijssr-330	70	33	nexus	nexus	NOUN
aijssr-330	70	34	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	71	1	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	71	2	which	which	PRON
aijssr-330	71	3	is	be	AUX
aijssr-330	71	4	often	often	ADV
aijssr-330	71	5	viewed	view	VERB
aijssr-330	71	6	as	as	ADP
aijssr-330	71	7	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	71	8	“	"	PUNCT
aijssr-330	71	9	misuse	misuse	NOUN
aijssr-330	71	10	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	71	11	public	public	ADJ
aijssr-330	71	12	office	office	NOUN
aijssr-330	71	13	for	for	ADP
aijssr-330	71	14	private	private	ADJ
aijssr-330	71	15	gain	gain	NOUN
aijssr-330	71	16	”	"	PUNCT
aijssr-330	71	17	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	71	18	mauro	mauro	PROPN
aijssr-330	71	19	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	71	20	1995	1995	NUM
aijssr-330	71	21	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	71	22	could	could	AUX
aijssr-330	71	23	facilitate	facilitate	VERB
aijssr-330	71	24	rent	rent	NOUN
aijssr-330	71	25	-	-	PUNCT
aijssr-330	71	26	seeking	seek	VERB
aijssr-330	71	27	behavior	behavior	NOUN
aijssr-330	71	28	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	71	29	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	71	30	public	public	ADJ
aijssr-330	71	31	sector	sector	NOUN
aijssr-330	71	32	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	72	1	a	a	DET
aijssr-330	72	2	corrupt	corrupt	ADJ
aijssr-330	72	3	environment	environment	NOUN
aijssr-330	72	4	is	be	AUX
aijssr-330	72	5	characterized	characterize	VERB
aijssr-330	72	6	by	by	ADP
aijssr-330	72	7	an	an	DET
aijssr-330	72	8	extreme	extreme	ADJ
aijssr-330	72	9	case	case	NOUN
aijssr-330	72	10	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	72	11	violated	violate	VERB
aijssr-330	72	12	legal	legal	ADJ
aijssr-330	72	13	rules	rule	NOUN
aijssr-330	72	14	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	72	15	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	72	16	pervasiveness	pervasiveness	NOUN
aijssr-330	72	17	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	72	18	questionable	questionable	ADJ
aijssr-330	72	19	illegal	illegal	ADJ
aijssr-330	72	20	activities	activity	NOUN
aijssr-330	72	21	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	73	1	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	73	2	is	be	AUX
aijssr-330	73	3	an	an	DET
aijssr-330	73	4	unconstitutional	unconstitutional	ADJ
aijssr-330	73	5	pursuit	pursuit	NOUN
aijssr-330	73	6	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	73	7	selfish	selfish	ADJ
aijssr-330	73	8	goals	goal	NOUN
aijssr-330	73	9	by	by	ADP
aijssr-330	73	10	public	public	ADJ
aijssr-330	73	11	officials	official	NOUN
aijssr-330	73	12	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	73	13	liu	liu	PROPN
aijssr-330	73	14	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	73	15	2017	2017	NUM
aijssr-330	73	16	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	73	17	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	74	1	previous	previous	ADJ
aijssr-330	74	2	studies	study	NOUN
aijssr-330	74	3	have	have	AUX
aijssr-330	74	4	stressed	stress	VERB
aijssr-330	74	5	that	that	SCONJ
aijssr-330	74	6	government	government	NOUN
aijssr-330	74	7	officials	official	NOUN
aijssr-330	74	8	are	be	AUX
aijssr-330	74	9	likely	likely	ADJ
aijssr-330	74	10	to	to	PART
aijssr-330	74	11	espouse	espouse	VERB
aijssr-330	74	12	to	to	ADP
aijssr-330	74	13	large	large	ADJ
aijssr-330	74	14	capital	capital	NOUN
aijssr-330	74	15	investments	investment	NOUN
aijssr-330	74	16	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	74	17	as	as	SCONJ
aijssr-330	74	18	they	they	PRON
aijssr-330	74	19	engender	engender	VERB
aijssr-330	74	20	maximum	maximum	ADJ
aijssr-330	74	21	rent	rent	NOUN
aijssr-330	74	22	seeking	seeking	NOUN
aijssr-330	74	23	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	75	1	owing	owe	VERB
aijssr-330	75	2	to	to	ADP
aijssr-330	75	3	nontransparent	nontransparent	ADJ
aijssr-330	75	4	bureaucracy	bureaucracy	NOUN
aijssr-330	75	5	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	75	6	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	75	7	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
aijssr-330	75	8	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	75	9	various	various	ADJ
aijssr-330	75	10	financial	financial	ADJ
aijssr-330	75	11	assistance	assistance	NOUN
aijssr-330	75	12	programs	program	NOUN
aijssr-330	75	13	is	be	AUX
aijssr-330	75	14	hampered	hamper	VERB
aijssr-330	75	15	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	75	16	because	because	SCONJ
aijssr-330	75	17	funds	fund	NOUN
aijssr-330	75	18	are	be	AUX
aijssr-330	75	19	often	often	ADV
aijssr-330	75	20	channeled	channel	VERB
aijssr-330	75	21	away	away	ADV
aijssr-330	75	22	from	from	ADP
aijssr-330	75	23	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	75	24	intended	intend	VERB
aijssr-330	75	25	purposes	purpose	NOUN
aijssr-330	75	26	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	76	1	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	76	2	such	such	ADJ
aijssr-330	76	3	economies	economy	NOUN
aijssr-330	76	4	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	76	5	prior	prior	ADJ
aijssr-330	76	6	evidence	evidence	NOUN
aijssr-330	76	7	posits	posit	NOUN
aijssr-330	76	8	that	that	SCONJ
aijssr-330	76	9	it	it	PRON
aijssr-330	76	10	is	be	AUX
aijssr-330	76	11	rampant	rampant	ADJ
aijssr-330	76	12	to	to	PART
aijssr-330	76	13	bribe	bribe	VERB
aijssr-330	76	14	officials	official	NOUN
aijssr-330	76	15	who	who	PRON
aijssr-330	76	16	can	can	AUX
aijssr-330	76	17	exert	exert	VERB
aijssr-330	76	18	political	political	ADJ
aijssr-330	76	19	leverage	leverage	NOUN
aijssr-330	76	20	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	76	21	public	public	ADJ
aijssr-330	76	22	contracts	contract	NOUN
aijssr-330	76	23	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	76	24	regulation	regulation	NOUN
aijssr-330	76	25	-	-	PUNCT
aijssr-330	76	26	related	relate	VERB
aijssr-330	76	27	industries	industry	NOUN
aijssr-330	76	28	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	76	29	kaufmann	kaufmann	PROPN
aijssr-330	76	30	2010	2010	NUM
aijssr-330	76	31	;	;	PUNCT
aijssr-330	76	32	liu	liu	PROPN
aijssr-330	76	33	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	76	34	mikesell	mikesell	PROPN
aijssr-330	76	35	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	76	36	2014	2014	NUM
aijssr-330	76	37	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	76	38	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	77	1	thus	thus	ADV
aijssr-330	77	2	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	77	3	public	public	ADJ
aijssr-330	77	4	expenditure	expenditure	NOUN
aijssr-330	77	5	is	be	AUX
aijssr-330	77	6	deemed	deem	VERB
aijssr-330	77	7	to	to	PART
aijssr-330	77	8	be	be	AUX
aijssr-330	77	9	wasteful	wasteful	ADJ
aijssr-330	77	10	due	due	ADJ
aijssr-330	77	11	to	to	ADP
aijssr-330	77	12	injudicious	injudicious	ADJ
aijssr-330	77	13	choices	choice	NOUN
aijssr-330	77	14	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	77	15	shleifer	shleifer	NOUN
aijssr-330	77	16	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	77	17	vishny	vishny	PROPN
aijssr-330	77	18	1993	1993	NUM
aijssr-330	77	19	;	;	PUNCT
aijssr-330	77	20	tanzi	tanzi	NOUN
aijssr-330	77	21	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	77	22	davoodi	davoodi	NOUN
aijssr-330	77	23	1997	1997	NUM
aijssr-330	77	24	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	77	25	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	78	1	overall	overall	ADV
aijssr-330	78	2	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	78	3	there	there	PRON
aijssr-330	78	4	is	be	VERB
aijssr-330	78	5	evidence	evidence	NOUN
aijssr-330	78	6	that	that	SCONJ
aijssr-330	78	7	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	78	8	exacerbates	exacerbate	VERB
aijssr-330	78	9	inequalities	inequality	NOUN
aijssr-330	78	10	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	78	11	poverty	poverty	NOUN
aijssr-330	78	12	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	78	13	a	a	DET
aijssr-330	78	14	country	country	NOUN
aijssr-330	78	15	through	through	ADP
aijssr-330	78	16	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	78	17	distortion	distortion	NOUN
aijssr-330	78	18	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	78	19	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	78	20	composition	composition	NOUN
aijssr-330	78	21	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	78	22	public	public	ADJ
aijssr-330	78	23	spending	spending	NOUN
aijssr-330	78	24	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	78	25	delavallade	delavallade	NOUN
aijssr-330	78	26	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	78	27	2006	2006	NUM
aijssr-330	78	28	;	;	PUNCT
aijssr-330	78	29	mauro	mauro	PROPN
aijssr-330	78	30	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	78	31	1998	1998	NUM
aijssr-330	78	32	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	78	33	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	79	1	historically	historically	ADV
aijssr-330	79	2	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	79	3	as	as	SCONJ
aijssr-330	79	4	most	most	ADJ
aijssr-330	79	5	government	government	NOUN
aijssr-330	79	6	projects	project	NOUN
aijssr-330	79	7	are	be	AUX
aijssr-330	79	8	financed	finance	VERB
aijssr-330	79	9	primarily	primarily	ADV
aijssr-330	79	10	through	through	ADP
aijssr-330	79	11	borrowed	borrow	VERB
aijssr-330	79	12	funds	fund	NOUN
aijssr-330	79	13	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	79	14	some	some	DET
aijssr-330	79	15	authors	author	NOUN
aijssr-330	79	16	opine	opine	VERB
aijssr-330	79	17	that	that	DET
aijssr-330	79	18	presence	presence	NOUN
aijssr-330	79	19	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	79	20	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	79	21	will	will	AUX
aijssr-330	79	22	induce	induce	VERB
aijssr-330	79	23	increased	increase	VERB
aijssr-330	79	24	public	public	ADJ
aijssr-330	79	25	debt	debt	NOUN
aijssr-330	79	26	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	79	27	ceteris	ceteris	NOUN
aijssr-330	79	28	paribus	paribus	NOUN
aijssr-330	79	29	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	79	30	butler	butler	NOUN
aijssr-330	79	31	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	79	32	fauver	fauver	NOUN
aijssr-330	79	33	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	79	34	mortal	mortal	ADJ
aijssr-330	79	35	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	79	36	2009	2009	NUM
aijssr-330	79	37	;	;	PUNCT
aijssr-330	79	38	liu	liu	PROPN
aijssr-330	79	39	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	79	40	2017	2017	NUM
aijssr-330	79	41	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	79	42	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	80	1	2.2	2.2	NUM
aijssr-330	80	2	empirical	empirical	ADJ
aijssr-330	80	3	evidence	evidence	NOUN
aijssr-330	80	4	with	with	ADP
aijssr-330	80	5	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	80	6	expansion	expansion	NOUN
aijssr-330	80	7	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	80	8	public	public	ADJ
aijssr-330	80	9	debt	debt	NOUN
aijssr-330	80	10	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	80	11	most	most	ADJ
aijssr-330	80	12	economies	economy	NOUN
aijssr-330	80	13	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	80	14	establishing	establish	VERB
aijssr-330	80	15	a	a	DET
aijssr-330	80	16	convincing	convincing	ADJ
aijssr-330	80	17	ground	ground	NOUN
aijssr-330	80	18	that	that	PRON
aijssr-330	80	19	could	could	AUX
aijssr-330	80	20	consolidate	consolidate	VERB
aijssr-330	80	21	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	80	22	role	role	NOUN
aijssr-330	80	23	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	80	24	institutional	institutional	ADJ
aijssr-330	80	25	control	control	NOUN
aijssr-330	80	26	measures	measure	NOUN
aijssr-330	80	27	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	80	28	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	80	29	economy	economy	NOUN
aijssr-330	80	30	is	be	AUX
aijssr-330	80	31	central	central	ADJ
aijssr-330	80	32	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	81	1	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	81	2	light	light	NOUN
aijssr-330	81	3	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	81	4	this	this	PRON
aijssr-330	81	5	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	81	6	empirical	empirical	ADJ
aijssr-330	81	7	studies	study	NOUN
aijssr-330	81	8	bolster	bolster	VERB
aijssr-330	81	9	up	up	ADP
aijssr-330	81	10	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	81	11	ulterior	ulterior	ADJ
aijssr-330	81	12	reasons	reason	NOUN
aijssr-330	81	13	for	for	ADP
aijssr-330	81	14	supporting	support	VERB
aijssr-330	81	15	that	that	SCONJ
aijssr-330	81	16	a	a	DET
aijssr-330	81	17	link	link	NOUN
aijssr-330	81	18	between	between	ADP
aijssr-330	81	19	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	81	20	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	81	21	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	81	22	level	level	NOUN
aijssr-330	81	23	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	81	24	public	public	ADJ
aijssr-330	81	25	debt	debt	NOUN
aijssr-330	81	26	is	be	AUX
aijssr-330	81	27	tenable	tenable	ADJ
aijssr-330	81	28	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	81	29	as	as	SCONJ
aijssr-330	81	30	many	many	ADJ
aijssr-330	81	31	researchers	researcher	NOUN
aijssr-330	81	32	argue	argue	VERB
aijssr-330	81	33	that	that	SCONJ
aijssr-330	81	34	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	81	35	may	may	AUX
aijssr-330	81	36	affect	affect	VERB
aijssr-330	81	37	government	government	NOUN
aijssr-330	81	38	debt	debt	NOUN
aijssr-330	81	39	through	through	ADP
aijssr-330	81	40	various	various	ADJ
aijssr-330	81	41	channels	channel	NOUN
aijssr-330	81	42	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	82	1	for	for	ADP
aijssr-330	82	2	example	example	NOUN
aijssr-330	82	3	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	82	4	tanzi	tanzi	NOUN
aijssr-330	82	5	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	82	6	davoodi	davoodi	PROPN
aijssr-330	82	7	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	82	8	1997	1997	NUM
aijssr-330	82	9	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	82	10	support	support	VERB
aijssr-330	82	11	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	82	12	notion	notion	NOUN
aijssr-330	82	13	that	that	SCONJ
aijssr-330	82	14	an	an	DET
aijssr-330	82	15	increase	increase	NOUN
aijssr-330	82	16	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	82	17	public	public	ADJ
aijssr-330	82	18	spending	spending	NOUN
aijssr-330	82	19	could	could	AUX
aijssr-330	82	20	be	be	AUX
aijssr-330	82	21	reinforced	reinforce	VERB
aijssr-330	82	22	by	by	ADP
aijssr-330	82	23	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	82	24	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	83	1	similarly	similarly	ADV
aijssr-330	83	2	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	83	3	dzhumashev	dzhumashev	NOUN
aijssr-330	83	4	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	83	5	2014b	2014b	NUM
aijssr-330	83	6	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	83	7	corroborating	corroborate	VERB
aijssr-330	83	8	this	this	DET
aijssr-330	83	9	view	view	NOUN
aijssr-330	83	10	with	with	ADP
aijssr-330	83	11	assertion	assertion	NOUN
aijssr-330	83	12	that	that	SCONJ
aijssr-330	83	13	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	83	14	perpetuation	perpetuation	NOUN
aijssr-330	83	15	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	83	16	large	large	ADJ
aijssr-330	83	17	public	public	ADJ
aijssr-330	83	18	expenditures	expenditure	NOUN
aijssr-330	83	19	may	may	AUX
aijssr-330	83	20	result	result	VERB
aijssr-330	83	21	from	from	ADP
aijssr-330	83	22	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	83	23	interplay	interplay	NOUN
aijssr-330	83	24	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	83	25	high	high	ADJ
aijssr-330	83	26	levels	level	NOUN
aijssr-330	83	27	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	83	28	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	83	29	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	83	30	public	public	ADJ
aijssr-330	83	31	spending	spending	NOUN
aijssr-330	83	32	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	84	1	furthermore	furthermore	ADV
aijssr-330	84	2	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	84	3	given	give	VERB
aijssr-330	84	4	that	that	SCONJ
aijssr-330	84	5	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	84	6	composition	composition	NOUN
aijssr-330	84	7	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	84	8	public	public	ADJ
aijssr-330	84	9	spending	spending	NOUN
aijssr-330	84	10	can	can	AUX
aijssr-330	84	11	be	be	AUX
aijssr-330	84	12	altered	alter	VERB
aijssr-330	84	13	by	by	ADP
aijssr-330	84	14	corrupt	corrupt	ADJ
aijssr-330	84	15	elements	element	NOUN
aijssr-330	84	16	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	84	17	mauro	mauro	PROPN
aijssr-330	84	18	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	84	19	1998	1998	NUM
aijssr-330	84	20	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	84	21	;	;	PUNCT
aijssr-330	84	22	wei	wei	PROPN
aijssr-330	84	23	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	84	24	2001	2001	NUM
aijssr-330	84	25	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	84	26	indicate	indicate	VERB
aijssr-330	84	27	that	that	SCONJ
aijssr-330	84	28	more	more	ADJ
aijssr-330	84	29	resources	resource	NOUN
aijssr-330	84	30	may	may	AUX
aijssr-330	84	31	be	be	AUX
aijssr-330	84	32	allocated	allocate	VERB
aijssr-330	84	33	to	to	ADP
aijssr-330	84	34	sectors	sector	NOUN
aijssr-330	84	35	which	which	PRON
aijssr-330	84	36	involve	involve	VERB
aijssr-330	84	37	less	less	ADJ
aijssr-330	84	38	transparency	transparency	NOUN
aijssr-330	84	39	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	84	40	like	like	ADP
aijssr-330	84	41	defense	defense	NOUN
aijssr-330	84	42	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	84	43	against	against	ADP
aijssr-330	84	44	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	84	45	vital	vital	ADJ
aijssr-330	84	46	sectors	sector	NOUN
aijssr-330	84	47	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	84	48	such	such	ADJ
aijssr-330	84	49	as	as	ADP
aijssr-330	84	50	health	health	NOUN
aijssr-330	84	51	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	84	52	education	education	NOUN
aijssr-330	84	53	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	84	54	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	84	55	because	because	SCONJ
aijssr-330	84	56	military	military	ADJ
aijssr-330	84	57	expenditure	expenditure	NOUN
aijssr-330	84	58	is	be	AUX
aijssr-330	84	59	most	most	ADV
aijssr-330	84	60	often	often	ADV
aijssr-330	84	61	not	not	PART
aijssr-330	84	62	subject	subject	ADJ
aijssr-330	84	63	to	to	ADP
aijssr-330	84	64	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	84	65	usual	usual	ADJ
aijssr-330	84	66	auditing	auditing	NOUN
aijssr-330	84	67	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	84	68	frequent	frequent	ADJ
aijssr-330	84	69	public	public	ADJ
aijssr-330	84	70	legal	legal	ADJ
aijssr-330	84	71	scrutiny	scrutiny	NOUN
aijssr-330	84	72	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	84	73	gupta	gupta	PROPN
aijssr-330	84	74	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	84	75	de	de	PROPN
aijssr-330	84	76	mello	mello	PROPN
aijssr-330	84	77	&	&	CCONJ
aijssr-330	84	78	sharan	sharan	PROPN
aijssr-330	84	79	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	84	80	2001	2001	NUM
aijssr-330	84	81	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	84	82	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	85	1	thus	thus	ADV
aijssr-330	85	2	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	85	3	public	public	ADJ
aijssr-330	85	4	debt	debt	NOUN
aijssr-330	85	5	would	would	AUX
aijssr-330	85	6	increase	increase	VERB
aijssr-330	85	7	as	as	ADP
aijssr-330	85	8	large	large	ADJ
aijssr-330	85	9	-	-	PUNCT
aijssr-330	85	10	scale	scale	NOUN
aijssr-330	85	11	investment	investment	NOUN
aijssr-330	85	12	projects	project	NOUN
aijssr-330	85	13	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	85	14	public	public	ADJ
aijssr-330	85	15	expenditures	expenditure	NOUN
aijssr-330	85	16	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	85	17	such	such	ADJ
aijssr-330	85	18	as	as	ADP
aijssr-330	85	19	defense	defense	NOUN
aijssr-330	85	20	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	85	21	are	be	AUX
aijssr-330	85	22	financed	finance	VERB
aijssr-330	85	23	by	by	ADP
aijssr-330	85	24	both	both	CCONJ
aijssr-330	85	25	internal	internal	ADJ
aijssr-330	85	26	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	85	27	external	external	ADJ
aijssr-330	85	28	borrowing	borrowing	NOUN
aijssr-330	85	29	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	85	30	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	85	31	kaufmann	kaufmann	PROPN
aijssr-330	85	32	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	85	33	2010	2010	NUM
aijssr-330	85	34	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	85	35	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	86	1	moreover	moreover	ADV
aijssr-330	86	2	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	86	3	using	use	VERB
aijssr-330	86	4	a	a	DET
aijssr-330	86	5	panel	panel	NOUN
aijssr-330	86	6	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	86	7	166	166	NUM
aijssr-330	86	8	countries	country	NOUN
aijssr-330	86	9	between	between	ADP
aijssr-330	86	10	1995	1995	NUM
aijssr-330	86	11	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	86	12	2013	2013	NUM
aijssr-330	86	13	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	86	14	luigi	luigi	PROPN
aijssr-330	86	15	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	86	16	alfredo	alfredo	PROPN
aijssr-330	86	17	&	&	CCONJ
aijssr-330	86	18	luca	luca	PROPN
aijssr-330	86	19	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	86	20	2015	2015	NUM
aijssr-330	86	21	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	86	22	examine	examine	VERB
aijssr-330	86	23	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	86	24	relationship	relationship	NOUN
aijssr-330	86	25	between	between	ADP
aijssr-330	86	26	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	86	27	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	86	28	public	public	ADJ
aijssr-330	86	29	debt	debt	NOUN
aijssr-330	86	30	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	87	1	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	87	2	authors	author	NOUN
aijssr-330	87	3	show	show	VERB
aijssr-330	87	4	that	that	SCONJ
aijssr-330	87	5	high	high	ADJ
aijssr-330	87	6	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	87	7	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	87	8	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	87	9	public	public	ADJ
aijssr-330	87	10	sector	sector	NOUN
aijssr-330	87	11	is	be	AUX
aijssr-330	87	12	found	find	VERB
aijssr-330	87	13	to	to	PART
aijssr-330	87	14	increase	increase	VERB
aijssr-330	87	15	government	government	NOUN
aijssr-330	87	16	debt	debt	NOUN
aijssr-330	87	17	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	88	1	based	base	VERB
aijssr-330	88	2	on	on	ADP
aijssr-330	88	3	a	a	DET
aijssr-330	88	4	large	large	ADJ
aijssr-330	88	5	panel	panel	NOUN
aijssr-330	88	6	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	88	7	countries	country	NOUN
aijssr-330	88	8	between	between	ADP
aijssr-330	88	9	1995	1995	NUM
aijssr-330	88	10	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	88	11	2015	2015	NUM
aijssr-330	88	12	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	88	13	benfratello	benfratello	PROPN
aijssr-330	88	14	et	et	PROPN
aijssr-330	88	15	al	al	PROPN
aijssr-330	88	16	.	.	PROPN
aijssr-330	88	17	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	88	18	2018	2018	NUM
aijssr-330	88	19	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	88	20	assess	assess	VERB
aijssr-330	88	21	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	88	22	impact	impact	NOUN
aijssr-330	88	23	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	88	24	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	88	25	on	on	ADP
aijssr-330	88	26	public	public	ADJ
aijssr-330	88	27	debt	debt	NOUN
aijssr-330	88	28	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	89	1	results	result	NOUN
aijssr-330	89	2	indicate	indicate	VERB
aijssr-330	89	3	that	that	SCONJ
aijssr-330	89	4	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	89	5	leads	lead	VERB
aijssr-330	89	6	to	to	ADP
aijssr-330	89	7	increased	increase	VERB
aijssr-330	89	8	public	public	ADJ
aijssr-330	89	9	debt	debt	NOUN
aijssr-330	89	10	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	89	11	but	but	CCONJ
aijssr-330	89	12	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	89	13	effect	effect	NOUN
aijssr-330	89	14	seems	seem	VERB
aijssr-330	89	15	to	to	PART
aijssr-330	89	16	be	be	AUX
aijssr-330	89	17	heterogeneous	heterogeneous	ADJ
aijssr-330	89	18	across	across	ADP
aijssr-330	89	19	income	income	NOUN
aijssr-330	89	20	-	-	PUNCT
aijssr-330	89	21	related	relate	VERB
aijssr-330	89	22	sample	sample	NOUN
aijssr-330	89	23	splits	split	VERB
aijssr-330	89	24	;	;	PUNCT
aijssr-330	89	25	such	such	ADJ
aijssr-330	89	26	that	that	SCONJ
aijssr-330	89	27	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	89	28	advanced	advanced	ADJ
aijssr-330	89	29	economies	economy	NOUN
aijssr-330	89	30	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	89	31	it	it	PRON
aijssr-330	89	32	is	be	AUX
aijssr-330	89	33	stronger	strong	ADJ
aijssr-330	89	34	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	89	35	while	while	SCONJ
aijssr-330	89	36	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	89	37	less	less	ADV
aijssr-330	89	38	-	-	PUNCT
aijssr-330	89	39	developed	develop	VERB
aijssr-330	89	40	countries	country	NOUN
aijssr-330	89	41	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	89	42	it	it	PRON
aijssr-330	89	43	appears	appear	VERB
aijssr-330	89	44	to	to	PART
aijssr-330	89	45	be	be	AUX
aijssr-330	89	46	weaker	weak	ADJ
aijssr-330	89	47	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	89	48	less	less	ADV
aijssr-330	89	49	statistically	statistically	ADV
aijssr-330	89	50	robust	robust	ADJ
aijssr-330	89	51	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	90	1	pani	pani	PROPN
aijssr-330	90	2	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	90	3	1996	1996	NUM
aijssr-330	90	4	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	90	5	focuses	focus	VERB
aijssr-330	90	6	on	on	ADP
aijssr-330	90	7	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	90	8	effects	effect	NOUN
aijssr-330	90	9	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	90	10	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	90	11	on	on	ADP
aijssr-330	90	12	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	90	13	macroeconomic	macroeconomic	ADJ
aijssr-330	90	14	variables	variable	NOUN
aijssr-330	90	15	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	90	16	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	90	17	public	public	ADJ
aijssr-330	90	18	budget	budget	NOUN
aijssr-330	90	19	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	91	1	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	91	2	study	study	NOUN
aijssr-330	91	3	analysis	analysis	NOUN
aijssr-330	91	4	centers	center	NOUN
aijssr-330	91	5	on	on	ADP
aijssr-330	91	6	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	91	7	situation	situation	NOUN
aijssr-330	91	8	whereby	whereby	SCONJ
aijssr-330	91	9	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	91	10	management	management	NOUN
aijssr-330	91	11	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	91	12	public	public	ADJ
aijssr-330	91	13	expenditure	expenditure	NOUN
aijssr-330	91	14	is	be	AUX
aijssr-330	91	15	induced	induce	VERB
aijssr-330	91	16	by	by	ADP
aijssr-330	91	17	public	public	ADJ
aijssr-330	91	18	bribes	bribe	NOUN
aijssr-330	91	19	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	91	20	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	91	21	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	91	22	long	long	ADJ
aijssr-330	91	23	term	term	NOUN
aijssr-330	91	24	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	91	25	it	it	PRON
aijssr-330	91	26	is	be	AUX
aijssr-330	91	27	stressed	stress	VERB
aijssr-330	91	28	that	that	SCONJ
aijssr-330	91	29	these	these	DET
aijssr-330	91	30	corrupt	corrupt	ADJ
aijssr-330	91	31	acts	act	NOUN
aijssr-330	91	32	could	could	AUX
aijssr-330	91	33	accentuate	accentuate	VERB
aijssr-330	91	34	an	an	DET
aijssr-330	91	35	accumulation	accumulation	NOUN
aijssr-330	91	36	3	3	NUM
aijssr-330	91	37	for	for	ADP
aijssr-330	91	38	example	example	NOUN
aijssr-330	91	39	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	91	40	arusha	arusha	PROPN
aijssr-330	91	41	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	91	42	ratbek	ratbek	PROPN
aijssr-330	91	43	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	91	44	&	&	CCONJ
aijssr-330	91	45	friedrich	friedrich	PROPN
aijssr-330	91	46	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	91	47	2017	2017	NUM
aijssr-330	91	48	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	91	49	posit	posit	VERB
aijssr-330	91	50	that	that	SCONJ
aijssr-330	91	51	a	a	DET
aijssr-330	91	52	larger	large	ADJ
aijssr-330	91	53	shadow	shadow	NOUN
aijssr-330	91	54	economy	economy	NOUN
aijssr-330	91	55	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	91	56	high	high	ADJ
aijssr-330	91	57	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	91	58	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	91	59	an	an	DET
aijssr-330	91	60	economy	economy	NOUN
aijssr-330	91	61	trigger	trigger	NOUN
aijssr-330	91	62	spiralling	spiral	VERB
aijssr-330	91	63	public	public	ADJ
aijssr-330	91	64	debt	debt	NOUN
aijssr-330	91	65	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	92	1	4	4	NUM
aijssr-330	92	2	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	92	3	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
aijssr-330	92	4	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	92	5	with	with	ADP
aijssr-330	92	6	propensity	propensity	NOUN
aijssr-330	92	7	for	for	ADP
aijssr-330	92	8	unbridled	unbridled	ADJ
aijssr-330	92	9	materialism	materialism	NOUN
aijssr-330	92	10	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	92	11	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	92	12	culture	culture	NOUN
aijssr-330	92	13	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	92	14	self	self	NOUN
aijssr-330	92	15	-	-	PUNCT
aijssr-330	92	16	serving	serve	VERB
aijssr-330	92	17	ethos	ethos	NOUN
aijssr-330	92	18	was	be	AUX
aijssr-330	92	19	imbibed	imbibe	VERB
aijssr-330	92	20	by	by	ADP
aijssr-330	92	21	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	92	22	country	country	NOUN
aijssr-330	92	23	’s	’s	PART
aijssr-330	92	24	elites	elite	NOUN
aijssr-330	92	25	who	who	PRON
aijssr-330	92	26	took	take	VERB
aijssr-330	92	27	over	over	ADP
aijssr-330	92	28	power	power	NOUN
aijssr-330	92	29	from	from	ADP
aijssr-330	92	30	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	92	31	erstwhile	erstwhile	ADJ
aijssr-330	92	32	colonial	colonial	ADJ
aijssr-330	92	33	administrations	administration	NOUN
aijssr-330	92	34	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	93	1	their	their	PRON
aijssr-330	93	2	actions	action	NOUN
aijssr-330	93	3	were	be	AUX
aijssr-330	93	4	mostly	mostly	ADV
aijssr-330	93	5	influenced	influence	VERB
aijssr-330	93	6	by	by	ADP
aijssr-330	93	7	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	93	8	exploitative	exploitative	ADJ
aijssr-330	93	9	tendencies	tendency	NOUN
aijssr-330	93	10	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	93	11	activities	activity	NOUN
aijssr-330	93	12	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	93	13	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	93	14	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	93	15	colonial	colonial	ADJ
aijssr-330	93	16	masters	master	NOUN
aijssr-330	93	17	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	93	18	ojukwu	ojukwu	NOUN
aijssr-330	93	19	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	93	20	shopeju	shopeju	NOUN
aijssr-330	93	21	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	93	22	2010:5	2010:5	NUM
aijssr-330	93	23	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	93	24	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	94	1	copyright	copyright	NOUN
aijssr-330	94	2	©	©	PROPN
aijssr-330	94	3	cc	cc	PROPN
aijssr-330	94	4	-	-	PUNCT
aijssr-330	94	5	by	by	ADP
aijssr-330	94	6	-	-	PUNCT
aijssr-330	94	7	nc	nc	PROPN
aijssr-330	94	8	2019	2019	NUM
aijssr-330	94	9	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	94	10	cribfb	cribfb	PROPN
aijssr-330	94	11	|	|	ADV
aijssr-330	94	12	aijssr	aijssr	PROPN
aijssr-330	94	13	www.cribfb.com/journal/index.php/aijssr	www.cribfb.com/journal/index.php/aijssr	PROPN
aijssr-330	95	1	american	american	PROPN
aijssr-330	95	2	international	international	PROPN
aijssr-330	95	3	journal	journal	PROPN
aijssr-330	95	4	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	95	5	social	social	ADJ
aijssr-330	95	6	science	science	NOUN
aijssr-330	95	7	research	research	NOUN
aijssr-330	95	8	vol	vol	NOUN
aijssr-330	95	9	.	.	PROPN
aijssr-330	96	1	4	4	NUM
aijssr-330	96	2	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	96	3	no	no	INTJ
aijssr-330	96	4	.	.	NOUN
aijssr-330	96	5	2	2	NUM
aijssr-330	96	6	;	;	PUNCT
aijssr-330	96	7	2019	2019	NUM
aijssr-330	96	8	17	17	NUM
aijssr-330	96	9	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	96	10	debt	debt	NOUN
aijssr-330	96	11	that	that	PRON
aijssr-330	96	12	might	might	AUX
aijssr-330	96	13	result	result	VERB
aijssr-330	96	14	to	to	ADP
aijssr-330	96	15	financial	financial	ADJ
aijssr-330	96	16	crisis	crisis	NOUN
aijssr-330	96	17	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	96	18	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	96	19	country	country	NOUN
aijssr-330	96	20	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	96	21	although	although	SCONJ
aijssr-330	96	22	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	96	23	outcome	outcome	NOUN
aijssr-330	96	24	depends	depend	VERB
aijssr-330	96	25	on	on	ADP
aijssr-330	96	26	some	some	DET
aijssr-330	96	27	prevailing	prevail	VERB
aijssr-330	96	28	factors	factor	NOUN
aijssr-330	96	29	—	—	PUNCT
aijssr-330	96	30	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	96	31	incentives	incentive	NOUN
aijssr-330	96	32	with	with	ADP
aijssr-330	96	33	which	which	PRON
aijssr-330	96	34	it	it	PRON
aijssr-330	96	35	is	be	AUX
aijssr-330	96	36	confronted	confront	VERB
aijssr-330	96	37	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	96	38	preferences	preference	NOUN
aijssr-330	96	39	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	96	40	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	96	41	government	government	NOUN
aijssr-330	96	42	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	97	1	cooray	cooray	VERB
aijssr-330	97	2	et	et	PROPN
aijssr-330	97	3	al	al	PROPN
aijssr-330	97	4	.	.	PROPN
aijssr-330	98	1	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	98	2	2017	2017	NUM
aijssr-330	98	3	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	98	4	using	use	VERB
aijssr-330	98	5	ordinary	ordinary	ADJ
aijssr-330	98	6	least	least	ADJ
aijssr-330	98	7	squares	square	NOUN
aijssr-330	98	8	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	98	9	ols	ol	NOUN
aijssr-330	98	10	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	98	11	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	98	12	fixed	fix	VERB
aijssr-330	98	13	effects	effect	NOUN
aijssr-330	98	14	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	98	15	system	system	NOUN
aijssr-330	98	16	generalized	generalize	VERB
aijssr-330	98	17	method	method	NOUN
aijssr-330	98	18	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	98	19	moments	moment	NOUN
aijssr-330	98	20	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	98	21	gmm	gmm	NOUN
aijssr-330	98	22	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	98	23	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	98	24	instrumental	instrumental	ADJ
aijssr-330	98	25	variable	variable	ADJ
aijssr-330	98	26	estimation	estimation	NOUN
aijssr-330	98	27	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	98	28	examine	examine	VERB
aijssr-330	98	29	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	98	30	relationship	relationship	NOUN
aijssr-330	98	31	between	between	ADP
aijssr-330	98	32	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	98	33	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	98	34	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	98	35	shadow	shadow	NOUN
aijssr-330	98	36	economy	economy	NOUN
aijssr-330	98	37	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	98	38	public	public	ADJ
aijssr-330	98	39	debt	debt	NOUN
aijssr-330	98	40	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	99	1	with	with	ADP
aijssr-330	99	2	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	99	3	use	use	NOUN
aijssr-330	99	4	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	99	5	two	two	NUM
aijssr-330	99	6	measures	measure	NOUN
aijssr-330	99	7	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	99	8	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	99	9	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	99	10	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	99	11	transparency	transparency	NOUN
aijssr-330	99	12	international	international	ADJ
aijssr-330	99	13	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	99	14	perceptions	perception	NOUN
aijssr-330	99	15	index	index	NOUN
aijssr-330	99	16	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	99	17	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	99	18	kaufmann	kaufmann	PROPN
aijssr-330	99	19	et	et	PROPN
aijssr-330	99	20	al	al	PROPN
aijssr-330	99	21	.	.	PROPN
aijssr-330	99	22	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	99	23	2010	2010	NUM
aijssr-330	99	24	—	—	PUNCT
aijssr-330	99	25	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	99	26	index	index	NOUN
aijssr-330	99	27	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	99	28	for	for	ADP
aijssr-330	99	29	126	126	NUM
aijssr-330	99	30	countries	country	NOUN
aijssr-330	99	31	over	over	ADP
aijssr-330	99	32	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	99	33	period	period	NOUN
aijssr-330	99	34	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	99	35	1996–2012	1996–2012	NUM
aijssr-330	99	36	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	99	37	estimates	estimate	NOUN
aijssr-330	99	38	reveal	reveal	VERB
aijssr-330	99	39	that	that	SCONJ
aijssr-330	99	40	increased	increase	VERB
aijssr-330	99	41	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	99	42	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	99	43	a	a	DET
aijssr-330	99	44	larger	large	ADJ
aijssr-330	99	45	shadow	shadow	NOUN
aijssr-330	99	46	economy	economy	NOUN
aijssr-330	99	47	result	result	VERB
aijssr-330	99	48	to	to	ADP
aijssr-330	99	49	a	a	DET
aijssr-330	99	50	rise	rise	NOUN
aijssr-330	99	51	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	99	52	public	public	ADJ
aijssr-330	99	53	debt	debt	NOUN
aijssr-330	99	54	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	100	1	employing	employ	VERB
aijssr-330	100	2	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	100	3	system	system	NOUN
aijssr-330	100	4	generalized	generalize	VERB
aijssr-330	100	5	method	method	NOUN
aijssr-330	100	6	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	100	7	moment	moment	NOUN
aijssr-330	100	8	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	100	9	gmm	gmm	NOUN
aijssr-330	100	10	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	100	11	estimator	estimator	NOUN
aijssr-330	100	12	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	100	13	njangang	njangang	PROPN
aijssr-330	100	14	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	100	15	2018	2018	NUM
aijssr-330	100	16	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	100	17	explores	explore	VERB
aijssr-330	100	18	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	100	19	impact	impact	NOUN
aijssr-330	100	20	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	100	21	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	100	22	on	on	ADP
aijssr-330	100	23	public	public	ADJ
aijssr-330	100	24	debt	debt	NOUN
aijssr-330	100	25	with	with	ADP
aijssr-330	100	26	a	a	DET
aijssr-330	100	27	panel	panel	NOUN
aijssr-330	100	28	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	100	29	29	29	NUM
aijssr-330	100	30	sub	sub	NOUN
aijssr-330	100	31	saharan	saharan	ADJ
aijssr-330	100	32	african	african	ADJ
aijssr-330	100	33	countries	country	NOUN
aijssr-330	100	34	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	100	35	ssa	ssa	NOUN
aijssr-330	100	36	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	100	37	between	between	ADP
aijssr-330	100	38	2000	2000	NUM
aijssr-330	100	39	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	100	40	2015	2015	NUM
aijssr-330	100	41	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	101	1	although	although	SCONJ
aijssr-330	101	2	recognizing	recognize	VERB
aijssr-330	101	3	that	that	SCONJ
aijssr-330	101	4	a	a	DET
aijssr-330	101	5	large	large	ADJ
aijssr-330	101	6	literature	literature	NOUN
aijssr-330	101	7	concludes	conclude	VERB
aijssr-330	101	8	on	on	ADP
aijssr-330	101	9	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	101	10	damaging	damaging	ADJ
aijssr-330	101	11	effect	effect	NOUN
aijssr-330	101	12	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	101	13	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	101	14	on	on	ADP
aijssr-330	101	15	any	any	DET
aijssr-330	101	16	economy	economy	NOUN
aijssr-330	101	17	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	101	18	findings	finding	NOUN
aijssr-330	101	19	reveal	reveal	VERB
aijssr-330	101	20	that	that	SCONJ
aijssr-330	101	21	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	101	22	positively	positively	ADV
aijssr-330	101	23	influences	influence	VERB
aijssr-330	101	24	public	public	ADJ
aijssr-330	101	25	debt	debt	NOUN
aijssr-330	101	26	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	101	27	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	101	28	sample	sample	NOUN
aijssr-330	101	29	countries	country	NOUN
aijssr-330	101	30	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	102	1	on	on	ADP
aijssr-330	102	2	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	102	3	other	other	ADJ
aijssr-330	102	4	hand	hand	NOUN
aijssr-330	102	5	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	102	6	some	some	DET
aijssr-330	102	7	authors	author	NOUN
aijssr-330	102	8	argue	argue	VERB
aijssr-330	102	9	that	that	SCONJ
aijssr-330	102	10	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	102	11	adversely	adversely	ADV
aijssr-330	102	12	affect	affect	VERB
aijssr-330	102	13	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	102	14	economic	economic	ADJ
aijssr-330	102	15	performance	performance	NOUN
aijssr-330	102	16	as	as	ADP
aijssr-330	102	17	a	a	DET
aijssr-330	102	18	whole	whole	ADJ
aijssr-330	102	19	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	102	20	hall	hall	PROPN
aijssr-330	102	21	&	&	CCONJ
aijssr-330	102	22	jones	jones	PROPN
aijssr-330	102	23	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	102	24	1999	1999	NUM
aijssr-330	102	25	;	;	PUNCT
aijssr-330	102	26	kraay	kraay	ADJ
aijssr-330	102	27	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	102	28	zoido	zoido	NOUN
aijssr-330	102	29	-	-	PUNCT
aijssr-330	102	30	lobaton	lobaton	NOUN
aijssr-330	102	31	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	102	32	&	&	CCONJ
aijssr-330	102	33	kaufmann	kaufmann	PROPN
aijssr-330	102	34	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	102	35	1999	1999	NUM
aijssr-330	102	36	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	102	37	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	103	1	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	103	2	particular	particular	ADJ
aijssr-330	103	3	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	103	4	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	103	5	retards	retard	VERB
aijssr-330	103	6	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	103	7	level	level	NOUN
aijssr-330	103	8	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	103	9	investment	investment	NOUN
aijssr-330	103	10	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	103	11	mauro	mauro	PROPN
aijssr-330	103	12	1995	1995	NUM
aijssr-330	103	13	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	103	14	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	103	15	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	103	16	it	it	PRON
aijssr-330	103	17	also	also	ADV
aijssr-330	103	18	undermines	undermine	VERB
aijssr-330	103	19	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	103	20	quality	quality	NOUN
aijssr-330	103	21	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	103	22	procurement	procurement	NOUN
aijssr-330	103	23	services	service	NOUN
aijssr-330	103	24	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	103	25	rose	rose	NOUN
aijssr-330	103	26	-	-	PUNCT
aijssr-330	103	27	ackerman	ackerman	NOUN
aijssr-330	103	28	1997	1997	NUM
aijssr-330	103	29	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	103	30	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	104	1	other	other	ADJ
aijssr-330	104	2	studies	study	NOUN
aijssr-330	104	3	on	on	ADP
aijssr-330	104	4	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	104	5	effect	effect	NOUN
aijssr-330	104	6	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	104	7	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	104	8	on	on	ADP
aijssr-330	104	9	most	most	ADJ
aijssr-330	104	10	economies	economy	NOUN
aijssr-330	104	11	also	also	ADV
aijssr-330	104	12	corroborate	corroborate	VERB
aijssr-330	104	13	these	these	DET
aijssr-330	104	14	conclusions	conclusion	NOUN
aijssr-330	104	15	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	104	16	johnson	johnson	PROPN
aijssr-330	104	17	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	104	18	kaufmann	kaufmann	PROPN
aijssr-330	104	19	&	&	CCONJ
aijssr-330	104	20	shleifer	shleifer	PROPN
aijssr-330	104	21	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	104	22	1997	1997	NUM
aijssr-330	104	23	;	;	PUNCT
aijssr-330	104	24	depken	depken	PROPN
aijssr-330	104	25	&	&	CCONJ
aijssr-330	104	26	lafountain	lafountain	ADJ
aijssr-330	104	27	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	104	28	2006	2006	NUM
aijssr-330	104	29	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	104	30	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	105	1	analogously	analogously	ADV
aijssr-330	105	2	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	105	3	with	with	ADP
aijssr-330	105	4	a	a	DET
aijssr-330	105	5	focus	focus	NOUN
aijssr-330	105	6	on	on	ADP
aijssr-330	105	7	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
aijssr-330	105	8	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	105	9	corrupt	corrupt	ADJ
aijssr-330	105	10	practices	practice	NOUN
aijssr-330	105	11	are	be	AUX
aijssr-330	105	12	found	find	VERB
aijssr-330	105	13	to	to	PART
aijssr-330	105	14	be	be	AUX
aijssr-330	105	15	inimical	inimical	ADJ
aijssr-330	105	16	to	to	ADP
aijssr-330	105	17	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	105	18	economic	economic	ADJ
aijssr-330	105	19	system	system	NOUN
aijssr-330	105	20	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	105	21	obadan	obadan	PROPN
aijssr-330	105	22	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	105	23	2002	2002	NUM
aijssr-330	105	24	;	;	PUNCT
aijssr-330	105	25	osunyikanmi	osunyikanmi	PROPN
aijssr-330	105	26	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	105	27	2007	2007	NUM
aijssr-330	105	28	;	;	PUNCT
aijssr-330	105	29	adewale	adewale	PROPN
aijssr-330	105	30	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	105	31	2011	2011	NUM
aijssr-330	105	32	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	105	33	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	106	1	they	they	PRON
aijssr-330	106	2	further	far	ADV
aijssr-330	106	3	posit	posit	VERB
aijssr-330	106	4	that	that	SCONJ
aijssr-330	106	5	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	106	6	impairs	impair	VERB
aijssr-330	106	7	hard	hard	ADJ
aijssr-330	106	8	work	work	NOUN
aijssr-330	106	9	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	106	10	accountability	accountability	NOUN
aijssr-330	106	11	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	106	12	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
aijssr-330	106	13	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	107	1	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	107	2	general	general	ADJ
aijssr-330	107	3	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	107	4	there	there	PRON
aijssr-330	107	5	exists	exist	VERB
aijssr-330	107	6	a	a	DET
aijssr-330	107	7	significant	significant	ADJ
aijssr-330	107	8	adverse	adverse	ADJ
aijssr-330	107	9	relationship	relationship	NOUN
aijssr-330	107	10	between	between	ADP
aijssr-330	107	11	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	107	12	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	107	13	output	output	NOUN
aijssr-330	107	14	growth	growth	NOUN
aijssr-330	107	15	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	107	16	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
aijssr-330	107	17	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	108	1	however	however	ADV
aijssr-330	108	2	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	108	3	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	108	4	preceding	precede	VERB
aijssr-330	108	5	review	review	NOUN
aijssr-330	108	6	underscores	underscore	VERB
aijssr-330	108	7	that	that	DET
aijssr-330	108	8	evidence	evidence	NOUN
aijssr-330	108	9	on	on	ADP
aijssr-330	108	10	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	108	11	influence	influence	NOUN
aijssr-330	108	12	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	108	13	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	108	14	on	on	ADP
aijssr-330	108	15	fiscal	fiscal	ADJ
aijssr-330	108	16	level	level	NOUN
aijssr-330	108	17	is	be	AUX
aijssr-330	108	18	sparse	sparse	ADJ
aijssr-330	108	19	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	109	1	there	there	PRON
aijssr-330	109	2	is	be	VERB
aijssr-330	109	3	limited	limit	VERB
aijssr-330	109	4	understand	understand	ADJ
aijssr-330	109	5	on	on	ADP
aijssr-330	109	6	how	how	SCONJ
aijssr-330	109	7	it	it	PRON
aijssr-330	109	8	accentuates	accentuate	VERB
aijssr-330	109	9	fiscal	fiscal	ADJ
aijssr-330	109	10	impacts	impact	NOUN
aijssr-330	109	11	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	110	1	by	by	ADP
aijssr-330	110	2	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	110	3	large	large	ADJ
aijssr-330	110	4	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	110	5	a	a	DET
aijssr-330	110	6	sufficient	sufficient	ADJ
aijssr-330	110	7	gap	gap	NOUN
aijssr-330	110	8	is	be	AUX
aijssr-330	110	9	left	leave	VERB
aijssr-330	110	10	for	for	ADP
aijssr-330	110	11	a	a	DET
aijssr-330	110	12	study	study	NOUN
aijssr-330	110	13	assessing	assess	VERB
aijssr-330	110	14	how	how	SCONJ
aijssr-330	110	15	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	110	16	affects	affect	VERB
aijssr-330	110	17	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	110	18	spiralling	spiral	VERB
aijssr-330	110	19	incidence	incidence	NOUN
aijssr-330	110	20	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	110	21	public	public	ADJ
aijssr-330	110	22	debt	debt	NOUN
aijssr-330	110	23	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	110	24	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
aijssr-330	110	25	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	111	1	3	3	X
aijssr-330	111	2	.	.	X
aijssr-330	111	3	data	datum	NOUN
aijssr-330	111	4	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	111	5	methodology	methodology	NOUN
aijssr-330	111	6	3.1	3.1	NUM
aijssr-330	111	7	data	datum	NOUN
aijssr-330	111	8	description	description	NOUN
aijssr-330	111	9	given	give	VERB
aijssr-330	111	10	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	111	11	systematic	systematic	ADJ
aijssr-330	111	12	significance	significance	NOUN
aijssr-330	111	13	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	111	14	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	111	15	main	main	ADJ
aijssr-330	111	16	objective	objective	NOUN
aijssr-330	111	17	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	111	18	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	111	19	study	study	NOUN
aijssr-330	111	20	employs	employ	VERB
aijssr-330	111	21	annual	annual	ADJ
aijssr-330	111	22	time	time	NOUN
aijssr-330	111	23	series	series	PROPN
aijssr-330	111	24	data	datum	NOUN
aijssr-330	111	25	between	between	ADP
aijssr-330	111	26	1996	1996	NUM
aijssr-330	111	27	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	111	28	2017	2017	NUM
aijssr-330	111	29	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	112	1	based	base	VERB
aijssr-330	112	2	on	on	ADP
aijssr-330	112	3	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	112	4	availability	availability	NOUN
aijssr-330	112	5	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	112	6	data	datum	NOUN
aijssr-330	112	7	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	112	8	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	112	9	choice	choice	NOUN
aijssr-330	112	10	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	112	11	scope	scope	NOUN
aijssr-330	112	12	is	be	AUX
aijssr-330	112	13	vital	vital	ADJ
aijssr-330	112	14	for	for	ADP
aijssr-330	112	15	establishing	establish	VERB
aijssr-330	112	16	a	a	DET
aijssr-330	112	17	robust	robust	ADJ
aijssr-330	112	18	ground	ground	NOUN
aijssr-330	112	19	on	on	ADP
aijssr-330	112	20	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	112	21	role	role	NOUN
aijssr-330	112	22	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	112	23	public	public	ADJ
aijssr-330	112	24	institutions	institution	NOUN
aijssr-330	112	25	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	112	26	fiscal	fiscal	ADJ
aijssr-330	112	27	development	development	NOUN
aijssr-330	112	28	process	process	NOUN
aijssr-330	112	29	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	113	1	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	113	2	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	113	3	study	study	NOUN
aijssr-330	113	4	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	113	5	two	two	NUM
aijssr-330	113	6	indicators	indicator	NOUN
aijssr-330	113	7	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	113	8	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	113	9	are	be	AUX
aijssr-330	113	10	used	use	VERB
aijssr-330	113	11	—	—	PUNCT
aijssr-330	113	12	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	113	13	transparency	transparency	NOUN
aijssr-330	113	14	international	international	ADJ
aijssr-330	113	15	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	113	16	perceptions	perception	NOUN
aijssr-330	113	17	index	index	NOUN
aijssr-330	113	18	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	113	19	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	113	20	kaufmann	kaufmann	PROPN
aijssr-330	113	21	et	et	PROPN
aijssr-330	113	22	al	al	PROPN
aijssr-330	113	23	.	.	PROPN
aijssr-330	113	24	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	113	25	2010	2010	NUM
aijssr-330	113	26	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	113	27	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	113	28	index	index	NOUN
aijssr-330	113	29	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	113	30	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	114	1	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	114	2	percentage	percentage	NOUN
aijssr-330	114	3	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	114	4	public	public	ADJ
aijssr-330	114	5	debt	debt	NOUN
aijssr-330	114	6	to	to	ADP
aijssr-330	114	7	gdp	gdp	NOUN
aijssr-330	114	8	is	be	AUX
aijssr-330	114	9	included	include	VERB
aijssr-330	114	10	as	as	ADP
aijssr-330	114	11	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	114	12	dependent	dependent	ADJ
aijssr-330	114	13	variable	variable	NOUN
aijssr-330	114	14	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	114	15	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	114	16	model	model	NOUN
aijssr-330	114	17	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	115	1	while	while	SCONJ
aijssr-330	115	2	taking	take	VERB
aijssr-330	115	3	into	into	ADP
aijssr-330	115	4	account	account	NOUN
aijssr-330	115	5	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	115	6	relevance	relevance	NOUN
aijssr-330	115	7	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	115	8	certain	certain	ADJ
aijssr-330	115	9	variables	variable	NOUN
aijssr-330	115	10	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	115	11	governance	governance	NOUN
aijssr-330	115	12	-	-	PUNCT
aijssr-330	115	13	fiscal	fiscal	ADJ
aijssr-330	115	14	literature	literature	NOUN
aijssr-330	115	15	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	115	16	gdp	gdp	NOUN
aijssr-330	115	17	per	per	ADP
aijssr-330	115	18	capita	capita	NOUN
aijssr-330	115	19	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	115	20	inflation	inflation	NOUN
aijssr-330	115	21	rate	rate	NOUN
aijssr-330	115	22	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	115	23	consumer	consumer	NOUN
aijssr-330	115	24	prices	price	NOUN
aijssr-330	115	25	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	115	26	annual	annual	ADJ
aijssr-330	115	27	%	%	NOUN
aijssr-330	115	28	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	115	29	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	115	30	gross	gross	ADJ
aijssr-330	115	31	national	national	ADJ
aijssr-330	115	32	expenditure	expenditure	NOUN
aijssr-330	115	33	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	115	34	%	%	NOUN
aijssr-330	115	35	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	115	36	gdp	gdp	NOUN
aijssr-330	115	37	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	115	38	are	be	AUX
aijssr-330	115	39	employed	employ	VERB
aijssr-330	115	40	as	as	ADP
aijssr-330	115	41	control	control	NOUN
aijssr-330	115	42	variables	variable	NOUN
aijssr-330	115	43	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	116	1	accordingly	accordingly	ADV
aijssr-330	116	2	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	116	3	detailed	detailed	ADJ
aijssr-330	116	4	description	description	NOUN
aijssr-330	116	5	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	116	6	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	116	7	corresponding	correspond	VERB
aijssr-330	116	8	data	datum	NOUN
aijssr-330	116	9	source	source	NOUN
aijssr-330	116	10	are	be	AUX
aijssr-330	116	11	given	give	VERB
aijssr-330	116	12	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	116	13	table	table	NOUN
aijssr-330	116	14	1	1	NUM
aijssr-330	116	15	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	116	16	table	table	NOUN
aijssr-330	116	17	1	1	NUM
aijssr-330	116	18	:	:	PUNCT
aijssr-330	116	19	variable	variable	ADJ
aijssr-330	116	20	description	description	NOUN
aijssr-330	116	21	variable	variable	ADJ
aijssr-330	116	22	description	description	NOUN
aijssr-330	116	23	source	source	VERB
aijssr-330	116	24	fiscal	fiscal	ADJ
aijssr-330	116	25	indicator	indicator	NOUN
aijssr-330	116	26	%	%	NOUN
aijssr-330	116	27	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	116	28	debt	debt	NOUN
aijssr-330	116	29	to	to	ADP
aijssr-330	116	30	gdp	gdp	NOUN
aijssr-330	116	31	it	it	PRON
aijssr-330	116	32	is	be	AUX
aijssr-330	116	33	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	116	34	ratio	ratio	NOUN
aijssr-330	116	35	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	116	36	a	a	DET
aijssr-330	116	37	country	country	NOUN
aijssr-330	116	38	’s	’s	PART
aijssr-330	116	39	public	public	ADJ
aijssr-330	116	40	debt	debt	NOUN
aijssr-330	116	41	to	to	ADP
aijssr-330	116	42	its	its	PRON
aijssr-330	116	43	gross	gross	ADJ
aijssr-330	116	44	domestic	domestic	ADJ
aijssr-330	116	45	product	product	NOUN
aijssr-330	116	46	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	116	47	gdp	gdp	NOUN
aijssr-330	116	48	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	116	49	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	117	1	imf	imf	PROPN
aijssr-330	117	2	historical	historical	ADJ
aijssr-330	117	3	public	public	ADJ
aijssr-330	117	4	debt	debt	NOUN
aijssr-330	117	5	database	database	NOUN
aijssr-330	117	6	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	117	7	2018	2018	NUM
aijssr-330	117	8	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	117	9	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	117	10	indicator	indicator	NOUN
aijssr-330	117	11	transparency	transparency	NOUN
aijssr-330	117	12	international	international	ADJ
aijssr-330	117	13	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	117	14	index	index	NOUN
aijssr-330	117	15	it	it	PRON
aijssr-330	117	16	shows	show	VERB
aijssr-330	117	17	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	117	18	perceived	perceive	VERB
aijssr-330	117	19	level	level	NOUN
aijssr-330	117	20	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	117	21	public	public	ADJ
aijssr-330	117	22	sector	sector	NOUN
aijssr-330	117	23	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	117	24	on	on	ADP
aijssr-330	117	25	a	a	DET
aijssr-330	117	26	scale	scale	NOUN
aijssr-330	117	27	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	117	28	0	0	NUM
aijssr-330	117	29	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	117	30	highly	highly	ADV
aijssr-330	117	31	corrupt	corrupt	ADJ
aijssr-330	117	32	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	117	33	to	to	ADP
aijssr-330	117	34	100	100	NUM
aijssr-330	117	35	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	117	36	very	very	ADV
aijssr-330	117	37	clean	clean	ADJ
aijssr-330	117	38	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	117	39	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	118	1	transparency	transparency	NOUN
aijssr-330	118	2	international	international	ADJ
aijssr-330	118	3	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	118	4	2018	2018	NUM
aijssr-330	118	5	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	118	6	kaufmann	kaufmann	PROPN
aijssr-330	118	7	et	et	PROPN
aijssr-330	118	8	al	al	PROPN
aijssr-330	118	9	.	.	PROPN
aijssr-330	118	10	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	118	11	2010	2010	NUM
aijssr-330	118	12	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	118	13	control	control	NOUN
aijssr-330	118	14	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	118	15	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	118	16	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	119	1	it	it	PRON
aijssr-330	119	2	captures	capture	VERB
aijssr-330	119	3	perceptions	perception	NOUN
aijssr-330	119	4	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	119	5	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	119	6	extent	extent	NOUN
aijssr-330	119	7	to	to	PART
aijssr-330	119	8	which	which	PRON
aijssr-330	119	9	public	public	ADJ
aijssr-330	119	10	power	power	NOUN
aijssr-330	119	11	is	be	AUX
aijssr-330	119	12	exercised	exercise	VERB
aijssr-330	119	13	for	for	ADP
aijssr-330	119	14	private	private	ADJ
aijssr-330	119	15	gain	gain	NOUN
aijssr-330	119	16	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	119	17	including	include	VERB
aijssr-330	119	18	both	both	CCONJ
aijssr-330	119	19	petty	petty	ADJ
aijssr-330	119	20	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	119	21	grand	grand	ADJ
aijssr-330	119	22	forms	form	NOUN
aijssr-330	119	23	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	119	24	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	119	25	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	119	26	as	as	ADV
aijssr-330	119	27	well	well	ADV
aijssr-330	119	28	as	as	ADP
aijssr-330	119	29	"	"	PUNCT
aijssr-330	119	30	capture	capture	NOUN
aijssr-330	119	31	"	"	PUNCT
aijssr-330	119	32	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	119	33	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	119	34	state	state	NOUN
aijssr-330	119	35	by	by	ADP
aijssr-330	119	36	elites	elite	NOUN
aijssr-330	119	37	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	119	38	private	private	ADJ
aijssr-330	119	39	interests	interest	NOUN
aijssr-330	119	40	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	120	1	estimate	estimate	NOUN
aijssr-330	120	2	gives	give	VERB
aijssr-330	120	3	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	120	4	country	country	NOUN
aijssr-330	120	5	's	's	PART
aijssr-330	120	6	score	score	NOUN
aijssr-330	120	7	on	on	ADP
aijssr-330	120	8	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	120	9	aggregate	aggregate	ADJ
aijssr-330	120	10	indicator	indicator	NOUN
aijssr-330	120	11	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	120	12	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	120	13	units	unit	NOUN
aijssr-330	120	14	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	120	15	a	a	DET
aijssr-330	120	16	standard	standard	ADJ
aijssr-330	120	17	normal	normal	ADJ
aijssr-330	120	18	distribution	distribution	NOUN
aijssr-330	120	19	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	121	1	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	121	2	close	close	ADJ
aijssr-330	121	3	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	121	4	index	index	NOUN
aijssr-330	121	5	to	to	PART
aijssr-330	121	6	negative	negative	VERB
aijssr-330	121	7	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	121	8	the	the	PRON
aijssr-330	121	9	worse	bad	ADJ
aijssr-330	121	10	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	121	11	institutional	institutional	ADJ
aijssr-330	121	12	quality	quality	NOUN
aijssr-330	121	13	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	121	14	-2.5	-2.5	INTJ
aijssr-330	121	15	to	to	ADP
aijssr-330	121	16	2.5	2.5	NUM
aijssr-330	121	17	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	121	18	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	122	1	world	world	NOUN
aijssr-330	122	2	governance	governance	NOUN
aijssr-330	122	3	indicators	indicator	NOUN
aijssr-330	122	4	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	122	5	2018	2018	NUM
aijssr-330	122	6	edition	edition	NOUN
aijssr-330	122	7	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	122	8	macroeconomic	macroeconomic	ADJ
aijssr-330	122	9	indicator	indicator	NOUN
aijssr-330	122	10	gdp	gdp	PROPN
aijssr-330	122	11	per	per	ADP
aijssr-330	122	12	capita	capita	X
aijssr-330	122	13	gdp	gdp	NOUN
aijssr-330	122	14	per	per	ADP
aijssr-330	122	15	capital	capital	NOUN
aijssr-330	122	16	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	122	17	constant	constant	ADJ
aijssr-330	122	18	2010	2010	NUM
aijssr-330	122	19	us$	us$	NOUN
aijssr-330	122	20	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	122	21	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	122	22	it	it	PRON
aijssr-330	122	23	is	be	AUX
aijssr-330	122	24	expected	expect	VERB
aijssr-330	122	25	to	to	PART
aijssr-330	122	26	be	be	AUX
aijssr-330	122	27	indirectly	indirectly	ADV
aijssr-330	122	28	linked	link	VERB
aijssr-330	122	29	to	to	ADP
aijssr-330	122	30	public	public	ADJ
aijssr-330	122	31	debt	debt	NOUN
aijssr-330	122	32	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	123	1	world	world	NOUN
aijssr-330	123	2	development	development	NOUN
aijssr-330	123	3	indicators	indicator	NOUN
aijssr-330	123	4	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	123	5	2018	2018	NUM
aijssr-330	123	6	edition	edition	NOUN
aijssr-330	123	7	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	123	8	inflation	inflation	NOUN
aijssr-330	123	9	rate	rate	NOUN
aijssr-330	123	10	inflation	inflation	NOUN
aijssr-330	123	11	rate	rate	NOUN
aijssr-330	123	12	is	be	AUX
aijssr-330	123	13	measured	measure	VERB
aijssr-330	123	14	by	by	ADP
aijssr-330	123	15	consumer	consumer	NOUN
aijssr-330	123	16	price	price	NOUN
aijssr-330	123	17	index	index	NOUN
aijssr-330	123	18	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	123	19	annual	annual	ADJ
aijssr-330	123	20	%	%	NOUN
aijssr-330	123	21	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	123	22	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	124	1	it	it	PRON
aijssr-330	124	2	is	be	AUX
aijssr-330	124	3	expected	expect	VERB
aijssr-330	124	4	to	to	PART
aijssr-330	124	5	positively	positively	ADV
aijssr-330	124	6	world	world	NOUN
aijssr-330	124	7	development	development	NOUN
aijssr-330	124	8	indicators	indicator	NOUN
aijssr-330	124	9	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	124	10	2018	2018	NUM
aijssr-330	124	11	edition	edition	NOUN
aijssr-330	124	12	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	124	13	copyright	copyright	NOUN
aijssr-330	124	14	©	©	PROPN
aijssr-330	124	15	cc	cc	PROPN
aijssr-330	124	16	-	-	PUNCT
aijssr-330	124	17	by	by	ADP
aijssr-330	124	18	-	-	PUNCT
aijssr-330	124	19	nc	nc	PROPN
aijssr-330	124	20	2019	2019	NUM
aijssr-330	124	21	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	124	22	cribfb	cribfb	PROPN
aijssr-330	124	23	|	|	ADV
aijssr-330	124	24	aijssr	aijssr	PROPN
aijssr-330	124	25	www.cribfb.com/journal/index.php/aijssr	www.cribfb.com/journal/index.php/aijssr	PROPN
aijssr-330	125	1	american	american	PROPN
aijssr-330	125	2	international	international	PROPN
aijssr-330	125	3	journal	journal	PROPN
aijssr-330	125	4	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	125	5	social	social	ADJ
aijssr-330	125	6	science	science	NOUN
aijssr-330	125	7	research	research	NOUN
aijssr-330	125	8	vol	vol	NOUN
aijssr-330	125	9	.	.	PROPN
aijssr-330	126	1	4	4	NUM
aijssr-330	126	2	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	126	3	no	no	INTJ
aijssr-330	126	4	.	.	NOUN
aijssr-330	126	5	2	2	NUM
aijssr-330	126	6	;	;	PUNCT
aijssr-330	126	7	2019	2019	NUM
aijssr-330	126	8	18	18	NUM
aijssr-330	126	9	affect	affect	VERB
aijssr-330	126	10	public	public	ADJ
aijssr-330	126	11	debt	debt	NOUN
aijssr-330	126	12	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	127	1	gross	gross	ADJ
aijssr-330	127	2	national	national	ADJ
aijssr-330	127	3	expenditure	expenditure	NOUN
aijssr-330	127	4	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	127	5	%	%	NOUN
aijssr-330	127	6	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	127	7	gdp	gdp	NOUN
aijssr-330	127	8	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	127	9	it	it	PRON
aijssr-330	127	10	represents	represent	VERB
aijssr-330	127	11	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	127	12	sum	sum	NOUN
aijssr-330	127	13	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	127	14	household	household	NOUN
aijssr-330	127	15	final	final	ADJ
aijssr-330	127	16	consumption	consumption	NOUN
aijssr-330	127	17	spending	spending	NOUN
aijssr-330	127	18	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	127	19	general	general	ADJ
aijssr-330	127	20	public	public	ADJ
aijssr-330	127	21	final	final	ADJ
aijssr-330	127	22	consumption	consumption	NOUN
aijssr-330	127	23	expenditure	expenditure	NOUN
aijssr-330	127	24	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	127	25	gross	gross	ADJ
aijssr-330	127	26	capital	capital	NOUN
aijssr-330	127	27	formation	formation	NOUN
aijssr-330	127	28	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	128	1	theoretically	theoretically	ADV
aijssr-330	128	2	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	128	3	it	it	PRON
aijssr-330	128	4	is	be	AUX
aijssr-330	128	5	positively	positively	ADV
aijssr-330	128	6	correlated	correlate	VERB
aijssr-330	128	7	with	with	ADP
aijssr-330	128	8	public	public	ADJ
aijssr-330	128	9	debt	debt	NOUN
aijssr-330	128	10	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	129	1	world	world	NOUN
aijssr-330	129	2	development	development	NOUN
aijssr-330	129	3	indicators	indicator	NOUN
aijssr-330	129	4	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	129	5	2018	2018	NUM
aijssr-330	129	6	edition	edition	NOUN
aijssr-330	129	7	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	129	8	3.2	3.2	NUM
aijssr-330	129	9	methodological	methodological	ADJ
aijssr-330	129	10	framework	framework	NOUN
aijssr-330	129	11	following	follow	VERB
aijssr-330	129	12	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	129	13	preceding	precede	VERB
aijssr-330	129	14	theoretical	theoretical	ADJ
aijssr-330	129	15	linkage	linkage	NOUN
aijssr-330	129	16	between	between	ADP
aijssr-330	129	17	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	129	18	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	129	19	fiscal	fiscal	ADJ
aijssr-330	129	20	levels	level	NOUN
aijssr-330	129	21	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	129	22	butler	butler	NOUN
aijssr-330	129	23	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	129	24	fauver	fauver	NOUN
aijssr-330	129	25	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	129	26	mortal	mortal	ADJ
aijssr-330	129	27	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	129	28	2009	2009	NUM
aijssr-330	129	29	;	;	PUNCT
aijssr-330	129	30	liu	liu	PROPN
aijssr-330	129	31	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	129	32	mikesell	mikesell	PROPN
aijssr-330	129	33	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	129	34	2014	2014	NUM
aijssr-330	129	35	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	129	36	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	129	37	a	a	DET
aijssr-330	129	38	linear	linear	ADJ
aijssr-330	129	39	regression	regression	NOUN
aijssr-330	129	40	model	model	NOUN
aijssr-330	129	41	is	be	AUX
aijssr-330	129	42	formulated	formulate	VERB
aijssr-330	129	43	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	129	44	a	a	DET
aijssr-330	129	45	functional	functional	ADJ
aijssr-330	129	46	form	form	NOUN
aijssr-330	129	47	as	as	ADP
aijssr-330	129	48	;	;	PUNCT
aijssr-330	129	49	where	where	SCONJ
aijssr-330	129	50	is	be	AUX
aijssr-330	129	51	defined	define	VERB
aijssr-330	129	52	as	as	ADP
aijssr-330	129	53	%	%	NOUN
aijssr-330	129	54	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	129	55	debt	debt	NOUN
aijssr-330	129	56	to	to	ADP
aijssr-330	129	57	gdp	gdp	PROPN
aijssr-330	129	58	.	.	PROPN
aijssr-330	130	1	represents	represent	VERB
aijssr-330	130	2	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	130	3	index	index	NOUN
aijssr-330	130	4	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	131	1	is	be	AUX
aijssr-330	131	2	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	131	3	gdp	gdp	NOUN
aijssr-330	131	4	per	per	ADP
aijssr-330	131	5	capita	capita	NOUN
aijssr-330	131	6	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	132	1	connotes	connote	VERB
aijssr-330	132	2	inflation	inflation	NOUN
aijssr-330	132	3	rate	rate	NOUN
aijssr-330	132	4	while	while	SCONJ
aijssr-330	132	5	is	be	AUX
aijssr-330	132	6	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	132	7	gross	gross	ADJ
aijssr-330	132	8	national	national	ADJ
aijssr-330	132	9	expenditure	expenditure	NOUN
aijssr-330	132	10	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	132	11	%	%	NOUN
aijssr-330	132	12	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	132	13	gdp	gdp	NOUN
aijssr-330	132	14	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	132	15	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	133	1	indicates	indicate	VERB
aijssr-330	133	2	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	133	3	time	time	NOUN
aijssr-330	133	4	period	period	NOUN
aijssr-330	133	5	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	134	1	3.2.1	3.2.1	NUM
aijssr-330	134	2	cointegration	cointegration	NOUN
aijssr-330	134	3	technique	technique	NOUN
aijssr-330	134	4	as	as	SCONJ
aijssr-330	134	5	many	many	ADJ
aijssr-330	134	6	econometric	econometric	ADJ
aijssr-330	134	7	techniques	technique	NOUN
aijssr-330	134	8	exist	exist	VERB
aijssr-330	134	9	for	for	ADP
aijssr-330	134	10	finding	find	VERB
aijssr-330	134	11	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	134	12	long	long	ADJ
aijssr-330	134	13	run	run	NOUN
aijssr-330	134	14	relationship	relationship	NOUN
aijssr-330	134	15	among	among	ADP
aijssr-330	134	16	variables	variable	NOUN
aijssr-330	134	17	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	134	18	autoregressive	autoregressive	ADJ
aijssr-330	134	19	distributed	distribute	VERB
aijssr-330	134	20	lag	lag	NOUN
aijssr-330	134	21	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	134	22	ardl	ardl	NOUN
aijssr-330	134	23	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	134	24	model	model	NOUN
aijssr-330	134	25	has	have	AUX
aijssr-330	134	26	been	be	AUX
aijssr-330	134	27	viewed	view	VERB
aijssr-330	134	28	to	to	PART
aijssr-330	134	29	be	be	AUX
aijssr-330	134	30	more	more	ADV
aijssr-330	134	31	efficient	efficient	ADJ
aijssr-330	134	32	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	134	33	reliable	reliable	ADJ
aijssr-330	134	34	given	give	VERB
aijssr-330	134	35	its	its	PRON
aijssr-330	134	36	numerous	numerous	ADJ
aijssr-330	134	37	advantages	advantage	NOUN
aijssr-330	134	38	over	over	ADP
aijssr-330	134	39	others	other	NOUN
aijssr-330	134	40	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	134	41	engle	engle	NOUN
aijssr-330	134	42	-	-	PUNCT
aijssr-330	134	43	granger	granger	PROPN
aijssr-330	134	44	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	134	45	1987	1987	NUM
aijssr-330	134	46	;	;	PUNCT
aijssr-330	134	47	johansen	johansen	PROPN
aijssr-330	134	48	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	134	49	juselius	juselius	NOUN
aijssr-330	134	50	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	134	51	1990	1990	NUM
aijssr-330	134	52	;	;	PUNCT
aijssr-330	134	53	johansen	johansen	PROPN
aijssr-330	134	54	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	134	55	1991	1991	NUM
aijssr-330	134	56	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	134	57	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	135	1	unlike	unlike	ADP
aijssr-330	135	2	other	other	ADJ
aijssr-330	135	3	cointegration	cointegration	NOUN
aijssr-330	135	4	methods	method	NOUN
aijssr-330	135	5	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	135	6	where	where	SCONJ
aijssr-330	135	7	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	135	8	order	order	NOUN
aijssr-330	135	9	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	135	10	integration	integration	NOUN
aijssr-330	135	11	matters	matter	NOUN
aijssr-330	135	12	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	135	13	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	135	14	requirement	requirement	NOUN
aijssr-330	135	15	for	for	ADP
aijssr-330	135	16	large	large	ADJ
aijssr-330	135	17	sample	sample	NOUN
aijssr-330	135	18	size	size	NOUN
aijssr-330	135	19	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	135	20	ardl	ardl	NOUN
aijssr-330	135	21	approach	approach	NOUN
aijssr-330	135	22	developed	develop	VERB
aijssr-330	135	23	by	by	ADP
aijssr-330	135	24	peseran	peseran	NOUN
aijssr-330	135	25	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	135	26	shin	shin	NOUN
aijssr-330	135	27	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	135	28	1997	1997	NUM
aijssr-330	135	29	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	135	30	;	;	PUNCT
aijssr-330	135	31	pesaran	pesaran	VERB
aijssr-330	135	32	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	135	33	et	et	PROPN
aijssr-330	135	34	al	al	PROPN
aijssr-330	135	35	.	.	PROPN
aijssr-330	136	1	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	136	2	2001	2001	NUM
aijssr-330	136	3	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	136	4	is	be	AUX
aijssr-330	136	5	applicable	applicable	ADJ
aijssr-330	136	6	irrespective	irrespective	ADV
aijssr-330	136	7	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	136	8	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	136	9	order	order	NOUN
aijssr-330	136	10	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	136	11	integration	integration	NOUN
aijssr-330	136	12	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	136	13	i.e.	i.e.	X
aijssr-330	136	14	whether	whether	SCONJ
aijssr-330	136	15	it	it	PRON
aijssr-330	136	16	i	i	PRON
aijssr-330	136	17	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	136	18	0	0	NUM
aijssr-330	136	19	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	136	20	or	or	CCONJ
aijssr-330	136	21	i	i	PRON
aijssr-330	136	22	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	136	23	1	1	NUM
aijssr-330	136	24	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	136	25	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	136	26	it	it	PRON
aijssr-330	136	27	does	do	AUX
aijssr-330	136	28	not	not	PART
aijssr-330	136	29	matter	matter	VERB
aijssr-330	136	30	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	136	31	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	137	1	it	it	PRON
aijssr-330	137	2	is	be	AUX
aijssr-330	137	3	also	also	ADV
aijssr-330	137	4	effective	effective	ADJ
aijssr-330	137	5	for	for	ADP
aijssr-330	137	6	small	small	ADJ
aijssr-330	137	7	sample5	sample5	NOUN
aijssr-330	137	8	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	138	1	with	with	ADP
aijssr-330	138	2	ardl	ardl	NOUN
aijssr-330	138	3	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	138	4	long	long	ADJ
aijssr-330	138	5	run	run	NOUN
aijssr-330	138	6	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	138	7	short	short	ADJ
aijssr-330	138	8	run	run	NOUN
aijssr-330	138	9	relationship	relationship	NOUN
aijssr-330	138	10	can	can	AUX
aijssr-330	138	11	be	be	AUX
aijssr-330	138	12	allowed	allow	VERB
aijssr-330	138	13	for	for	ADP
aijssr-330	138	14	within	within	ADP
aijssr-330	138	15	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	138	16	same	same	ADJ
aijssr-330	138	17	model	model	NOUN
aijssr-330	138	18	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	139	1	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	139	2	view	view	NOUN
aijssr-330	139	3	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	139	4	these	these	PRON
aijssr-330	139	5	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	139	6	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	139	7	considering	consider	VERB
aijssr-330	139	8	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	139	9	small	small	ADJ
aijssr-330	139	10	sample	sample	NOUN
aijssr-330	139	11	size	size	NOUN
aijssr-330	139	12	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	139	13	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	139	14	study	study	NOUN
aijssr-330	139	15	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	139	16	ardl	ardl	NOUN
aijssr-330	139	17	bound	bind	VERB
aijssr-330	139	18	test	test	NOUN
aijssr-330	139	19	to	to	ADP
aijssr-330	139	20	cointegration	cointegration	NOUN
aijssr-330	139	21	is	be	AUX
aijssr-330	139	22	applied	apply	VERB
aijssr-330	139	23	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	140	1	hence	hence	ADV
aijssr-330	140	2	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	140	3	model	model	NOUN
aijssr-330	140	4	is	be	AUX
aijssr-330	140	5	stated	state	VERB
aijssr-330	140	6	as	as	SCONJ
aijssr-330	140	7	follows	follow	VERB
aijssr-330	140	8	:	:	PUNCT
aijssr-330	140	9	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	140	10	white	white	ADJ
aijssr-330	140	11	noise	noise	NOUN
aijssr-330	140	12	error	error	NOUN
aijssr-330	140	13	is	be	AUX
aijssr-330	140	14	represented	represent	VERB
aijssr-330	140	15	by	by	ADP
aijssr-330	140	16	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	141	1	is	be	AUX
aijssr-330	141	2	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	141	3	log	log	NOUN
aijssr-330	141	4	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	141	5	variables	variable	NOUN
aijssr-330	141	6	while	while	SCONJ
aijssr-330	141	7	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	141	8	difference	difference	NOUN
aijssr-330	141	9	operator	operator	NOUN
aijssr-330	141	10	is	be	AUX
aijssr-330	141	11	defined	define	VERB
aijssr-330	141	12	as	as	ADP
aijssr-330	141	13	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	142	1	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	142	2	eq	eq	ADP
aijssr-330	142	3	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	143	1	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	143	2	2	2	NUM
aijssr-330	143	3	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	143	4	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	143	5	…	…	PUNCT
aijssr-330	143	6	…	…	PUNCT
aijssr-330	143	7	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	143	8	indicate	indicate	VERB
aijssr-330	143	9	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	143	10	optimal	optimal	ADJ
aijssr-330	143	11	lag	lag	NOUN
aijssr-330	143	12	length	length	NOUN
aijssr-330	143	13	determined	determine	VERB
aijssr-330	143	14	by	by	ADP
aijssr-330	143	15	information	information	NOUN
aijssr-330	143	16	criterion	criterion	NOUN
aijssr-330	143	17	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	144	1	using	use	VERB
aijssr-330	144	2	bound	bound	ADJ
aijssr-330	144	3	test	test	NOUN
aijssr-330	144	4	approach	approach	NOUN
aijssr-330	144	5	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	144	6	pesaran	pesaran	NOUN
aijssr-330	144	7	et	et	PROPN
aijssr-330	144	8	al	al	PROPN
aijssr-330	144	9	.	.	PROPN
aijssr-330	144	10	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	144	11	2001	2001	NUM
aijssr-330	144	12	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	144	13	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	144	14	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	144	15	cointegration	cointegration	NOUN
aijssr-330	144	16	relationship	relationship	NOUN
aijssr-330	144	17	between	between	ADP
aijssr-330	144	18	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	144	19	other	other	ADJ
aijssr-330	144	20	variables	variable	NOUN
aijssr-330	144	21	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	144	22	explanatory	explanatory	ADJ
aijssr-330	144	23	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	144	24	can	can	AUX
aijssr-330	144	25	be	be	AUX
aijssr-330	144	26	found	find	VERB
aijssr-330	144	27	with	with	ADP
aijssr-330	144	28	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	144	29	placing	placing	NOUN
aijssr-330	144	30	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	144	31	restriction	restriction	NOUN
aijssr-330	144	32	on	on	ADP
aijssr-330	144	33	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	144	34	whole	whole	ADJ
aijssr-330	144	35	estimated	estimate	VERB
aijssr-330	144	36	parameters	parameter	NOUN
aijssr-330	144	37	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	144	38	lagged	lag	VERB
aijssr-330	144	39	level	level	NOUN
aijssr-330	144	40	variables	variable	NOUN
aijssr-330	144	41	to	to	PART
aijssr-330	144	42	be	be	AUX
aijssr-330	144	43	equal	equal	ADJ
aijssr-330	144	44	to	to	ADP
aijssr-330	144	45	zero	zero	NUM
aijssr-330	144	46	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	145	1	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	145	2	this	this	DET
aijssr-330	145	3	case	case	NOUN
aijssr-330	145	4	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	145	5	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	145	6	null	null	ADJ
aijssr-330	145	7	hypothesis	hypothesis	NOUN
aijssr-330	145	8	is	be	AUX
aijssr-330	145	9	stated	state	VERB
aijssr-330	145	10	as	as	ADP
aijssr-330	145	11	;	;	PUNCT
aijssr-330	145	12	=	=	SYM
aijssr-330	145	13	=	=	SYM
aijssr-330	145	14	0	0	NUM
aijssr-330	145	15	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	145	16	against	against	ADP
aijssr-330	145	17	alternative	alternative	ADJ
aijssr-330	145	18	hypothesis	hypothesis	NOUN
aijssr-330	145	19	;	;	PUNCT
aijssr-330	145	20	:	:	PUNCT
aijssr-330	145	21	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	146	1	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	146	2	this	this	DET
aijssr-330	146	3	model	model	NOUN
aijssr-330	146	4	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	146	5	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	146	6	null	null	ADJ
aijssr-330	146	7	hypothesis	hypothesis	NOUN
aijssr-330	146	8	states	state	VERB
aijssr-330	146	9	that	that	SCONJ
aijssr-330	146	10	there	there	PRON
aijssr-330	146	11	is	be	VERB
aijssr-330	146	12	no	no	DET
aijssr-330	146	13	long	long	ADJ
aijssr-330	146	14	run	run	NOUN
aijssr-330	146	15	relationship	relationship	NOUN
aijssr-330	146	16	among	among	ADP
aijssr-330	146	17	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	146	18	variables	variable	NOUN
aijssr-330	146	19	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	147	1	on	on	ADP
aijssr-330	147	2	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	147	3	other	other	ADJ
aijssr-330	147	4	hand	hand	NOUN
aijssr-330	147	5	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	147	6	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	147	7	alternative	alternative	ADJ
aijssr-330	147	8	hypothesis	hypothesis	NOUN
aijssr-330	147	9	implies	imply	VERB
aijssr-330	147	10	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	147	11	presence	presence	NOUN
aijssr-330	147	12	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	147	13	long	long	ADJ
aijssr-330	147	14	run	run	NOUN
aijssr-330	147	15	relationship	relationship	NOUN
aijssr-330	147	16	among	among	ADP
aijssr-330	147	17	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	147	18	variables	variable	NOUN
aijssr-330	147	19	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	148	1	decision	decision	NOUN
aijssr-330	148	2	rule	rule	NOUN
aijssr-330	148	3	:	:	PUNCT
aijssr-330	148	4	if	if	SCONJ
aijssr-330	148	5	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	148	6	computed	computed	ADJ
aijssr-330	148	7	f	f	NOUN
aijssr-330	148	8	-	-	PUNCT
aijssr-330	148	9	test	test	NOUN
aijssr-330	148	10	exceeds	exceed	VERB
aijssr-330	148	11	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	148	12	upper	upper	ADJ
aijssr-330	148	13	bound	bind	VERB
aijssr-330	148	14	critical	critical	ADJ
aijssr-330	148	15	value	value	NOUN
aijssr-330	148	16	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	148	17	is	be	AUX
aijssr-330	148	18	rejected	reject	VERB
aijssr-330	148	19	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	149	1	however	however	ADV
aijssr-330	149	2	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	149	3	if	if	SCONJ
aijssr-330	149	4	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	149	5	calculated	calculate	VERB
aijssr-330	149	6	fstatistics	fstatistic	NOUN
aijssr-330	149	7	is	be	AUX
aijssr-330	149	8	less	less	ADJ
aijssr-330	149	9	that	that	SCONJ
aijssr-330	149	10	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	149	11	lower	low	ADJ
aijssr-330	149	12	critical	critical	ADJ
aijssr-330	149	13	value	value	NOUN
aijssr-330	149	14	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	149	15	can	can	AUX
aijssr-330	149	16	not	not	PART
aijssr-330	149	17	be	be	AUX
aijssr-330	149	18	rejected	reject	VERB
aijssr-330	149	19	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	149	20	while	while	SCONJ
aijssr-330	149	21	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	149	22	decision	decision	NOUN
aijssr-330	149	23	remains	remain	VERB
aijssr-330	149	24	inconclusive	inconclusive	ADJ
aijssr-330	149	25	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	149	26	if	if	SCONJ
aijssr-330	149	27	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	149	28	calculated	calculate	VERB
aijssr-330	149	29	fstatistics	fstatistic	NOUN
aijssr-330	149	30	lie	lie	VERB
aijssr-330	149	31	between	between	ADP
aijssr-330	149	32	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	149	33	lower	low	ADJ
aijssr-330	149	34	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	149	35	upper	upper	ADJ
aijssr-330	149	36	bounds	bound	NOUN
aijssr-330	149	37	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	150	1	after	after	ADP
aijssr-330	150	2	confirming	confirm	VERB
aijssr-330	150	3	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	150	4	existence	existence	NOUN
aijssr-330	150	5	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	150	6	cointegration	cointegration	NOUN
aijssr-330	150	7	among	among	ADP
aijssr-330	150	8	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	150	9	variables	variable	NOUN
aijssr-330	150	10	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	150	11	an	an	DET
aijssr-330	150	12	error	error	NOUN
aijssr-330	150	13	correction	correction	NOUN
aijssr-330	150	14	model	model	NOUN
aijssr-330	150	15	is	be	AUX
aijssr-330	150	16	specified	specify	VERB
aijssr-330	150	17	from	from	ADP
aijssr-330	150	18	eq	eq	PROPN
aijssr-330	150	19	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	151	1	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	151	2	2	2	X
aijssr-330	151	3	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	151	4	as	as	ADP
aijssr-330	151	5	;	;	PUNCT
aijssr-330	151	6	is	be	AUX
aijssr-330	151	7	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	151	8	speed	speed	NOUN
aijssr-330	151	9	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	151	10	adjustment	adjustment	NOUN
aijssr-330	151	11	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	151	12	which	which	PRON
aijssr-330	151	13	is	be	AUX
aijssr-330	151	14	expected	expect	VERB
aijssr-330	151	15	to	to	PART
aijssr-330	151	16	be	be	AUX
aijssr-330	151	17	negative	negative	ADJ
aijssr-330	151	18	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	151	19	significant	significant	ADJ
aijssr-330	151	20	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	152	1	indicates	indicate	VERB
aijssr-330	152	2	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	152	3	residuals	residual	NOUN
aijssr-330	152	4	that	that	PRON
aijssr-330	152	5	obtained	obtain	VERB
aijssr-330	152	6	from	from	ADP
aijssr-330	152	7	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	152	8	estimation	estimation	NOUN
aijssr-330	152	9	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	152	10	eq	eq	PROPN
aijssr-330	152	11	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	153	1	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	153	2	2	2	NUM
aijssr-330	153	3	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	153	4	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	154	1	following	follow	VERB
aijssr-330	154	2	a	a	DET
aijssr-330	154	3	shock	shock	NOUN
aijssr-330	154	4	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	154	5	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	154	6	short	short	ADJ
aijssr-330	154	7	-	-	PUNCT
aijssr-330	154	8	run	run	NOUN
aijssr-330	154	9	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	154	10	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	154	11	negative	negative	ADJ
aijssr-330	154	12	sign	sign	NOUN
aijssr-330	154	13	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	154	14	parameters	parameter	NOUN
aijssr-330	154	15	implies	imply	VERB
aijssr-330	154	16	that	that	PRON
aijssr-330	154	17	adjusts	adjust	VERB
aijssr-330	154	18	back	back	ADV
aijssr-330	154	19	to	to	ADP
aijssr-330	154	20	its	its	PRON
aijssr-330	154	21	equilibrium	equilibrium	NOUN
aijssr-330	154	22	value	value	NOUN
aijssr-330	154	23	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	155	1	4	4	X
aijssr-330	155	2	.	.	X
aijssr-330	155	3	empirical	empirical	ADJ
aijssr-330	155	4	results	result	NOUN
aijssr-330	155	5	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	155	6	discussion	discussion	NOUN
aijssr-330	155	7	taking	take	VERB
aijssr-330	155	8	into	into	ADP
aijssr-330	155	9	account	account	NOUN
aijssr-330	155	10	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	155	11	ineffectiveness	ineffectiveness	NOUN
aijssr-330	155	12	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	155	13	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	155	14	spurious	spurious	ADJ
aijssr-330	155	15	outcome	outcome	NOUN
aijssr-330	155	16	that	that	PRON
aijssr-330	155	17	may	may	AUX
aijssr-330	155	18	occur	occur	VERB
aijssr-330	155	19	when	when	SCONJ
aijssr-330	155	20	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	155	21	order	order	NOUN
aijssr-330	155	22	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	155	23	integration	integration	NOUN
aijssr-330	155	24	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	155	25	any	any	PRON
aijssr-330	155	26	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	155	27	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	155	28	series	series	NOUN
aijssr-330	155	29	is	be	AUX
aijssr-330	155	30	i	i	PRON
aijssr-330	155	31	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	155	32	2	2	NUM
aijssr-330	155	33	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	155	34	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	155	35	augmented	augment	VERB
aijssr-330	155	36	dickey	dickey	PROPN
aijssr-330	155	37	fuller	full	ADJ
aijssr-330	155	38	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	155	39	adf	adf	NOUN
aijssr-330	155	40	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	155	41	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	155	42	phillip	phillip	NOUN
aijssr-330	155	43	peron	peron	NOUN
aijssr-330	155	44	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	155	45	pp	pp	ADJ
aijssr-330	155	46	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	155	47	unit	unit	NOUN
aijssr-330	155	48	root	root	NOUN
aijssr-330	155	49	tests	test	NOUN
aijssr-330	155	50	are	be	AUX
aijssr-330	155	51	performed	perform	VERB
aijssr-330	155	52	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	156	1	although	although	SCONJ
aijssr-330	156	2	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	156	3	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	156	4	ardl	ardl	NOUN
aijssr-330	156	5	model	model	NOUN
aijssr-330	156	6	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	156	7	no	no	DET
aijssr-330	156	8	pre	pre	NOUN
aijssr-330	156	9	-	-	NOUN
aijssr-330	156	10	test	test	NOUN
aijssr-330	156	11	is	be	AUX
aijssr-330	156	12	required	require	VERB
aijssr-330	156	13	to	to	PART
aijssr-330	156	14	ascertain	ascertain	VERB
aijssr-330	156	15	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	156	16	order	order	NOUN
aijssr-330	156	17	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	156	18	integration	integration	NOUN
aijssr-330	156	19	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	156	20	if	if	SCONJ
aijssr-330	156	21	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	156	22	level	level	NOUN
aijssr-330	156	23	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	156	24	stationarity	stationarity	NOUN
aijssr-330	156	25	is	be	AUX
aijssr-330	156	26	above	above	ADP
aijssr-330	156	27	i	i	PRON
aijssr-330	156	28	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	156	29	1	1	NUM
aijssr-330	156	30	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	156	31	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	156	32	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	156	33	estimates	estimate	NOUN
aijssr-330	156	34	could	could	AUX
aijssr-330	156	35	5	5	NUM
aijssr-330	156	36	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	156	37	use	use	NOUN
aijssr-330	156	38	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	156	39	ardl	ardl	NOUN
aijssr-330	156	40	approach	approach	NOUN
aijssr-330	156	41	circumvents	circumvent	VERB
aijssr-330	156	42	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	156	43	problem	problem	NOUN
aijssr-330	156	44	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	156	45	biasness	biasnes	NOUN
aijssr-330	156	46	that	that	PRON
aijssr-330	156	47	often	often	ADV
aijssr-330	156	48	associated	associate	VERB
aijssr-330	156	49	with	with	ADP
aijssr-330	156	50	small	small	ADJ
aijssr-330	156	51	sample	sample	NOUN
aijssr-330	156	52	size	size	NOUN
aijssr-330	156	53	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	156	54	see	see	VERB
aijssr-330	156	55	haug	haug	NOUN
aijssr-330	156	56	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	156	57	2002	2002	NUM
aijssr-330	156	58	;	;	PUNCT
aijssr-330	156	59	narayan	narayan	NOUN
aijssr-330	156	60	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	156	61	2005	2005	NUM
aijssr-330	156	62	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	156	63	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	157	1	copyright	copyright	NOUN
aijssr-330	157	2	©	©	PROPN
aijssr-330	157	3	cc	cc	PROPN
aijssr-330	157	4	-	-	PUNCT
aijssr-330	157	5	by	by	ADP
aijssr-330	157	6	-	-	PUNCT
aijssr-330	157	7	nc	nc	PROPN
aijssr-330	157	8	2019	2019	NUM
aijssr-330	157	9	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	157	10	cribfb	cribfb	PROPN
aijssr-330	157	11	|	|	ADV
aijssr-330	157	12	aijssr	aijssr	PROPN
aijssr-330	157	13	www.cribfb.com/journal/index.php/aijssr	www.cribfb.com/journal/index.php/aijssr	PROPN
aijssr-330	158	1	american	american	PROPN
aijssr-330	158	2	international	international	PROPN
aijssr-330	158	3	journal	journal	PROPN
aijssr-330	158	4	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	158	5	social	social	ADJ
aijssr-330	158	6	science	science	NOUN
aijssr-330	158	7	research	research	NOUN
aijssr-330	158	8	vol	vol	NOUN
aijssr-330	158	9	.	.	PROPN
aijssr-330	159	1	4	4	NUM
aijssr-330	159	2	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	159	3	no	no	INTJ
aijssr-330	159	4	.	.	NOUN
aijssr-330	159	5	2	2	NUM
aijssr-330	159	6	;	;	PUNCT
aijssr-330	159	7	2019	2019	NUM
aijssr-330	159	8	19	19	NUM
aijssr-330	159	9	be	be	AUX
aijssr-330	159	10	inefficient	inefficient	ADJ
aijssr-330	159	11	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	159	12	unreliable	unreliable	ADJ
aijssr-330	159	13	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	160	1	essentially	essentially	ADV
aijssr-330	160	2	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	160	3	results	result	NOUN
aijssr-330	160	4	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	160	5	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	160	6	tests	test	NOUN
aijssr-330	160	7	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	160	8	table	table	NOUN
aijssr-330	160	9	2	2	NUM
aijssr-330	160	10	confirm	confirm	VERB
aijssr-330	160	11	that	that	SCONJ
aijssr-330	160	12	no	no	DET
aijssr-330	160	13	variable	variable	NOUN
aijssr-330	160	14	is	be	AUX
aijssr-330	160	15	not	not	PART
aijssr-330	160	16	found	find	VERB
aijssr-330	160	17	to	to	PART
aijssr-330	160	18	be	be	AUX
aijssr-330	160	19	stationary	stationary	ADJ
aijssr-330	160	20	at	at	ADP
aijssr-330	160	21	first	first	ADJ
aijssr-330	160	22	difference	difference	NOUN
aijssr-330	160	23	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	161	1	adf	adf	NOUN
aijssr-330	161	2	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	161	3	pp	pp	ADV
aijssr-330	161	4	indicate	indicate	VERB
aijssr-330	161	5	a	a	DET
aijssr-330	161	6	mixture	mixture	NOUN
aijssr-330	161	7	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	161	8	i	i	PRON
aijssr-330	161	9	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	161	10	0	0	NUM
aijssr-330	161	11	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	161	12	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	161	13	i	i	PRON
aijssr-330	161	14	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	161	15	1	1	X
aijssr-330	161	16	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	161	17	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	161	18	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	161	19	series	series	NOUN
aijssr-330	161	20	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	162	1	with	with	ADP
aijssr-330	162	2	no	no	INTJ
aijssr-330	162	3	i	i	NOUN
aijssr-330	162	4	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	162	5	2	2	NUM
aijssr-330	162	6	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	162	7	variable	variable	NOUN
aijssr-330	162	8	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	162	9	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	162	10	model	model	NOUN
aijssr-330	162	11	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	162	12	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	162	13	use	use	NOUN
aijssr-330	162	14	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	162	15	ardl	ardl	NOUN
aijssr-330	162	16	offers	offer	VERB
aijssr-330	162	17	an	an	DET
aijssr-330	162	18	adequate	adequate	ADJ
aijssr-330	162	19	basis	basis	NOUN
aijssr-330	162	20	for	for	ADP
aijssr-330	162	21	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	162	22	study	study	NOUN
aijssr-330	162	23	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	163	1	also	also	ADV
aijssr-330	163	2	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	163	3	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	163	4	table	table	NOUN
aijssr-330	163	5	3	3	NUM
aijssr-330	163	6	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	163	7	bounds	bound	VERB
aijssr-330	163	8	f	f	NOUN
aijssr-330	163	9	-	-	PUNCT
aijssr-330	163	10	tests	test	NOUN
aijssr-330	163	11	are	be	AUX
aijssr-330	163	12	applied	apply	VERB
aijssr-330	163	13	to	to	PART
aijssr-330	163	14	determine	determine	VERB
aijssr-330	163	15	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	163	16	cointegration	cointegration	NOUN
aijssr-330	163	17	relationship	relationship	NOUN
aijssr-330	163	18	among	among	ADP
aijssr-330	163	19	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	163	20	variables	variable	NOUN
aijssr-330	163	21	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	164	1	following	follow	VERB
aijssr-330	164	2	pesaran	pesaran	VERB
aijssr-330	164	3	et	et	PROPN
aijssr-330	164	4	al	al	PROPN
aijssr-330	164	5	.	.	PROPN
aijssr-330	165	1	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	165	2	2001	2001	NUM
aijssr-330	165	3	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	165	4	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	165	5	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	165	6	null	null	ADJ
aijssr-330	165	7	hypothesis	hypothesis	NOUN
aijssr-330	165	8	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	165	9	no	no	DET
aijssr-330	165	10	cointegration	cointegration	NOUN
aijssr-330	165	11	is	be	AUX
aijssr-330	165	12	rejected	reject	VERB
aijssr-330	165	13	at	at	ADP
aijssr-330	165	14	1	1	NUM
aijssr-330	165	15	%	%	NOUN
aijssr-330	165	16	significant	significant	ADJ
aijssr-330	165	17	level	level	NOUN
aijssr-330	165	18	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	165	19	model	model	NOUN
aijssr-330	165	20	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	165	21	i	i	NOUN
aijssr-330	165	22	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	165	23	&	&	CCONJ
aijssr-330	165	24	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	165	25	ii	ii	PROPN
aijssr-330	165	26	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	165	27	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	165	28	as	as	SCONJ
aijssr-330	165	29	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	165	30	computed	computed	ADJ
aijssr-330	165	31	f	f	PROPN
aijssr-330	165	32	-	-	PUNCT
aijssr-330	165	33	statistics	statistic	NOUN
aijssr-330	165	34	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	165	35	both	both	DET
aijssr-330	165	36	models6	models6	NOUN
aijssr-330	165	37	are	be	AUX
aijssr-330	165	38	greater	great	ADJ
aijssr-330	165	39	than	than	ADP
aijssr-330	165	40	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	165	41	upper	upper	ADJ
aijssr-330	165	42	bound	bind	VERB
aijssr-330	165	43	critical	critical	ADJ
aijssr-330	165	44	value	value	NOUN
aijssr-330	165	45	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	166	1	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	166	2	stability	stability	NOUN
aijssr-330	166	3	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	166	4	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	166	5	parameters	parameter	NOUN
aijssr-330	166	6	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	166	7	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	166	8	model	model	NOUN
aijssr-330	166	9	is	be	AUX
aijssr-330	166	10	established	establish	VERB
aijssr-330	166	11	by	by	ADP
aijssr-330	166	12	cumulative	cumulative	ADJ
aijssr-330	166	13	sum	sum	NOUN
aijssr-330	166	14	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	166	15	recursive	recursive	ADJ
aijssr-330	166	16	residuals	residual	NOUN
aijssr-330	166	17	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	166	18	cusum	cusum	NOUN
aijssr-330	166	19	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	166	20	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	166	21	cumulative	cumulative	ADJ
aijssr-330	166	22	sum	sum	NOUN
aijssr-330	166	23	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	166	24	squares	square	NOUN
aijssr-330	166	25	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	166	26	recursive	recursive	ADJ
aijssr-330	166	27	residuals	residual	NOUN
aijssr-330	166	28	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	166	29	cusumsq	cusumsq	ADV
aijssr-330	166	30	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	166	31	—	—	PUNCT
aijssr-330	166	32	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	166	33	figure	figure	NOUN
aijssr-330	166	34	1	1	NUM
aijssr-330	166	35	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	166	36	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	166	37	two	two	NUM
aijssr-330	166	38	tests	test	NOUN
aijssr-330	166	39	fall	fall	VERB
aijssr-330	166	40	within	within	ADP
aijssr-330	166	41	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	166	42	critical	critical	ADJ
aijssr-330	166	43	boundaries	boundary	NOUN
aijssr-330	166	44	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	167	1	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	167	2	diagnostic	diagnostic	ADJ
aijssr-330	167	3	tests	test	NOUN
aijssr-330	167	4	conducted	conduct	VERB
aijssr-330	167	5	further	far	ADV
aijssr-330	167	6	verify	verify	VERB
aijssr-330	167	7	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	167	8	validity	validity	NOUN
aijssr-330	167	9	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	167	10	robustness	robustness	NOUN
aijssr-330	167	11	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	167	12	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	167	13	estimated	estimate	VERB
aijssr-330	167	14	results	result	NOUN
aijssr-330	167	15	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	168	1	table	table	NOUN
aijssr-330	168	2	2	2	NUM
aijssr-330	168	3	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	168	4	augmented	augment	VERB
aijssr-330	168	5	dickey	dickey	PROPN
aijssr-330	168	6	fuller	full	ADJ
aijssr-330	168	7	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	168	8	adf	adf	NOUN
aijssr-330	168	9	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	168	10	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	168	11	phillips	phillips	PROPN
aijssr-330	168	12	-	-	PUNCT
aijssr-330	168	13	perron	perron	PROPN
aijssr-330	168	14	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	168	15	pp	pp	ADJ
aijssr-330	168	16	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	168	17	unit	unit	NOUN
aijssr-330	168	18	root	root	NOUN
aijssr-330	168	19	test	test	NOUN
aijssr-330	168	20	results	result	VERB
aijssr-330	168	21	variable	variable	ADJ
aijssr-330	168	22	augmented	augment	VERB
aijssr-330	168	23	dickey	dickey	PROPN
aijssr-330	168	24	fuller	full	ADJ
aijssr-330	168	25	phillips	phillips	PROPN
aijssr-330	168	26	-	-	PUNCT
aijssr-330	168	27	perron	perron	PROPN
aijssr-330	168	28	level	level	NOUN
aijssr-330	168	29	first	first	ADJ
aijssr-330	168	30	difference	difference	NOUN
aijssr-330	168	31	level	level	NOUN
aijssr-330	168	32	first	first	ADJ
aijssr-330	168	33	difference	difference	NOUN
aijssr-330	168	34	public	public	ADJ
aijssr-330	168	35	debt	debt	NOUN
aijssr-330	168	36	-3.69	-3.69	NOUN
aijssr-330	168	37	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	168	38	4	4	NUM
aijssr-330	168	39	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	168	40	*	*	PUNCT
aijssr-330	168	41	*	*	PUNCT
aijssr-330	168	42	-3.95	-3.95	NUM
aijssr-330	168	43	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	168	44	0	0	NUM
aijssr-330	168	45	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	168	46	*	*	PUNCT
aijssr-330	169	1	*	*	PUNCT
aijssr-330	169	2	*	*	PUNCT
aijssr-330	169	3	-1.11	-1.11	NUM
aijssr-330	169	4	-3.95	-3.95	NOUN
aijssr-330	169	5	*	*	NOUN
aijssr-330	169	6	*	*	NOUN
aijssr-330	169	7	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	169	8	index	index	NOUN
aijssr-330	169	9	-2.15	-2.15	NOUN
aijssr-330	169	10	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	169	11	0	0	NUM
aijssr-330	169	12	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	169	13	-5.20	-5.20	NUM
aijssr-330	169	14	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	169	15	1	1	NUM
aijssr-330	169	16	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	169	17	*	*	PUNCT
aijssr-330	170	1	*	*	PUNCT
aijssr-330	170	2	*	*	PUNCT
aijssr-330	170	3	-2.17	-2.17	NUM
aijssr-330	170	4	-10.43	-10.43	PROPN
aijssr-330	170	5	*	*	NOUN
aijssr-330	170	6	*	*	PROPN
aijssr-330	170	7	*	*	PUNCT
aijssr-330	170	8	control	control	NOUN
aijssr-330	170	9	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	170	10	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	170	11	-1.91	-1.91	CCONJ
aijssr-330	170	12	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	170	13	0	0	NUM
aijssr-330	170	14	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	170	15	-4.65	-4.65	CCONJ
aijssr-330	170	16	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	170	17	0	0	NUM
aijssr-330	170	18	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	170	19	*	*	PUNCT
aijssr-330	170	20	*	*	PUNCT
aijssr-330	170	21	*	*	PUNCT
aijssr-330	170	22	-2.09	-2.09	NUM
aijssr-330	170	23	-4.64	-4.64	NUM
aijssr-330	170	24	gdp	gdp	NOUN
aijssr-330	170	25	-0.80	-0.80	NOUN
aijssr-330	170	26	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	170	27	0	0	NUM
aijssr-330	170	28	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	170	29	-3.47	-3.47	NOUN
aijssr-330	170	30	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	170	31	0	0	NUM
aijssr-330	170	32	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	170	33	*	*	PUNCT
aijssr-330	170	34	*	*	PUNCT
aijssr-330	170	35	-0.82	-0.82	NUM
aijssr-330	170	36	-3.47	-3.47	NOUN
aijssr-330	170	37	*	*	NOUN
aijssr-330	170	38	*	*	PUNCT
aijssr-330	170	39	inflation	inflation	NOUN
aijssr-330	170	40	-5.93	-5.93	NUM
aijssr-330	170	41	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	170	42	0	0	NUM
aijssr-330	170	43	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	170	44	*	*	PUNCT
aijssr-330	171	1	*	*	PUNCT
aijssr-330	171	2	*	*	PUNCT
aijssr-330	171	3	-7.07	-7.07	X
aijssr-330	171	4	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	171	5	0	0	NUM
aijssr-330	171	6	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	171	7	*	*	PUNCT
aijssr-330	172	1	*	*	PUNCT
aijssr-330	172	2	*	*	PUNCT
aijssr-330	172	3	-5.70	-5.70	PRON
aijssr-330	172	4	*	*	PUNCT
aijssr-330	172	5	*	*	PUNCT
aijssr-330	172	6	*	*	PUNCT
aijssr-330	172	7	-11.35	-11.35	VERB
aijssr-330	172	8	*	*	PUNCT
aijssr-330	172	9	*	*	PUNCT
aijssr-330	172	10	*	*	PUNCT
aijssr-330	172	11	national	national	ADJ
aijssr-330	172	12	expenditure	expenditure	NOUN
aijssr-330	172	13	-3.77	-3.77	PROPN
aijssr-330	172	14	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	172	15	0	0	NUM
aijssr-330	172	16	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	172	17	*	*	PUNCT
aijssr-330	173	1	*	*	PUNCT
aijssr-330	173	2	-5.14	-5.14	PRON
aijssr-330	173	3	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	173	4	4	4	NUM
aijssr-330	173	5	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	173	6	*	*	PUNCT
aijssr-330	173	7	*	*	PUNCT
aijssr-330	173	8	-3.77	-3.77	PRON
aijssr-330	173	9	*	*	PUNCT
aijssr-330	173	10	*	*	PUNCT
aijssr-330	173	11	-11.47	-11.47	PROPN
aijssr-330	173	12	*	*	NOUN
aijssr-330	173	13	*	*	PUNCT
aijssr-330	173	14	*	*	PUNCT
aijssr-330	173	15	*	*	PUNCT
aijssr-330	173	16	*	*	PUNCT
aijssr-330	173	17	*	*	PUNCT
aijssr-330	173	18	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	173	19	*	*	PUNCT
aijssr-330	173	20	*	*	PUNCT
aijssr-330	173	21	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	173	22	&	&	CCONJ
aijssr-330	173	23	*	*	NOUN
aijssr-330	173	24	indicates	indicate	VERB
aijssr-330	173	25	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	173	26	level	level	NOUN
aijssr-330	173	27	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	173	28	significance	significance	NOUN
aijssr-330	173	29	at	at	ADP
aijssr-330	173	30	1	1	NUM
aijssr-330	173	31	%	%	NOUN
aijssr-330	173	32	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	173	33	5	5	NUM
aijssr-330	173	34	%	%	NOUN
aijssr-330	173	35	&	&	CCONJ
aijssr-330	173	36	10	10	NUM
aijssr-330	173	37	%	%	NOUN
aijssr-330	173	38	respectively	respectively	ADV
aijssr-330	173	39	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	174	1	figures	figure	NOUN
aijssr-330	174	2	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	174	3	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	174	4	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	174	5	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	174	6	represents	represent	VERB
aijssr-330	174	7	lag	lag	NOUN
aijssr-330	174	8	length	length	NOUN
aijssr-330	174	9	selected	select	VERB
aijssr-330	174	10	by	by	ADP
aijssr-330	174	11	aic	aic	PROPN
aijssr-330	174	12	criterion	criterion	NOUN
aijssr-330	174	13	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	175	1	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	175	2	pp	pp	ADJ
aijssr-330	175	3	length	length	NOUN
aijssr-330	175	4	was	be	AUX
aijssr-330	175	5	selected	select	VERB
aijssr-330	175	6	by	by	ADP
aijssr-330	175	7	newey	newey	PROPN
aijssr-330	175	8	-	-	PUNCT
aijssr-330	175	9	west	west	PROPN
aijssr-330	175	10	band	band	NOUN
aijssr-330	175	11	width	width	NOUN
aijssr-330	175	12	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	176	1	table	table	NOUN
aijssr-330	176	2	3	3	NUM
aijssr-330	176	3	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	176	4	bounds	bound	VERB
aijssr-330	176	5	f	f	X
aijssr-330	176	6	-	-	PUNCT
aijssr-330	176	7	tests	test	NOUN
aijssr-330	176	8	for	for	ADP
aijssr-330	176	9	cointegration	cointegration	NOUN
aijssr-330	176	10	relationship	relationship	NOUN
aijssr-330	176	11	model	model	NOUN
aijssr-330	176	12	fstatistics	fstatistic	NOUN
aijssr-330	176	13	level	level	NOUN
aijssr-330	176	14	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	176	15	significance	significance	NOUN
aijssr-330	176	16	critical	critical	ADJ
aijssr-330	176	17	value	value	NOUN
aijssr-330	176	18	lower	lower	ADV
aijssr-330	176	19	bound	bind	VERB
aijssr-330	176	20	upper	upper	ADJ
aijssr-330	176	21	bound	bind	VERB
aijssr-330	176	22	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	176	23	index	index	NOUN
aijssr-330	176	24	model	model	NOUN
aijssr-330	176	25	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	176	26	i	i	NOUN
aijssr-330	176	27	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	176	28	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	176	29	1	1	NUM
aijssr-330	176	30	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	176	31	2	2	NUM
aijssr-330	176	32	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	176	33	1	1	NUM
aijssr-330	176	34	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	176	35	2	2	NUM
aijssr-330	176	36	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	176	37	1	1	NUM
aijssr-330	176	38	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	176	39	7.28	7.28	NUM
aijssr-330	176	40	*	*	PUNCT
aijssr-330	176	41	*	*	PUNCT
aijssr-330	177	1	*	*	PUNCT
aijssr-330	177	2	1	1	NUM
aijssr-330	177	3	%	%	NOUN
aijssr-330	177	4	5	5	NUM
aijssr-330	177	5	%	%	NOUN
aijssr-330	177	6	10	10	NUM
aijssr-330	177	7	%	%	NOUN
aijssr-330	177	8	3.74	3.74	NUM
aijssr-330	177	9	2.86	2.86	NUM
aijssr-330	177	10	2.45	2.45	NUM
aijssr-330	177	11	5.06	5.06	NUM
aijssr-330	177	12	4.01	4.01	NUM
aijssr-330	177	13	3.52	3.52	NUM
aijssr-330	177	14	control	control	NOUN
aijssr-330	177	15	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	177	16	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	177	17	model	model	NOUN
aijssr-330	177	18	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	177	19	ii	ii	NOUN
aijssr-330	177	20	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	177	21	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	177	22	2	2	NUM
aijssr-330	177	23	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	177	24	2	2	NUM
aijssr-330	177	25	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	177	26	2	2	NUM
aijssr-330	177	27	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	177	28	2	2	NUM
aijssr-330	177	29	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	177	30	2	2	NUM
aijssr-330	177	31	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	177	32	18.80	18.80	NUM
aijssr-330	177	33	*	*	PUNCT
aijssr-330	177	34	*	*	PUNCT
aijssr-330	177	35	*	*	PUNCT
aijssr-330	178	1	*	*	PUNCT
aijssr-330	178	2	*	*	PUNCT
aijssr-330	178	3	*	*	PUNCT
aijssr-330	178	4	represents	represent	VERB
aijssr-330	178	5	statistical	statistical	ADJ
aijssr-330	178	6	significance	significance	NOUN
aijssr-330	178	7	at	at	ADP
aijssr-330	178	8	1	1	NUM
aijssr-330	178	9	%	%	NOUN
aijssr-330	178	10	level	level	NOUN
aijssr-330	178	11	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	179	1	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	179	2	assessing	assess	VERB
aijssr-330	179	3	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	179	4	long	long	ADJ
aijssr-330	179	5	run	run	NOUN
aijssr-330	179	6	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	179	7	short	short	ADJ
aijssr-330	179	8	run	run	NOUN
aijssr-330	179	9	effect	effect	NOUN
aijssr-330	179	10	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	179	11	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	179	12	on	on	ADP
aijssr-330	179	13	public	public	ADJ
aijssr-330	179	14	debt	debt	NOUN
aijssr-330	179	15	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	179	16	table	table	NOUN
aijssr-330	179	17	4	4	NUM
aijssr-330	179	18	is	be	AUX
aijssr-330	179	19	presented	present	VERB
aijssr-330	179	20	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	179	21	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	179	22	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	179	23	regression	regression	NOUN
aijssr-330	179	24	results	result	NOUN
aijssr-330	179	25	regarding	regard	VERB
aijssr-330	179	26	main	main	ADJ
aijssr-330	179	27	measures	measure	NOUN
aijssr-330	179	28	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	179	29	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	179	30	indicators	indicator	NOUN
aijssr-330	179	31	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	179	32	mostly	mostly	ADV
aijssr-330	179	33	correspond	correspond	VERB
aijssr-330	179	34	to	to	ADP
aijssr-330	179	35	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	179	36	apriori	apriori	ADJ
aijssr-330	179	37	expectations	expectation	NOUN
aijssr-330	179	38	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	180	1	starting	start	VERB
aijssr-330	180	2	with	with	ADP
aijssr-330	180	3	long	long	ADJ
aijssr-330	180	4	run	run	NOUN
aijssr-330	180	5	estimates	estimate	NOUN
aijssr-330	180	6	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	180	7	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	180	8	index	index	NOUN
aijssr-330	180	9	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	180	10	model	model	NOUN
aijssr-330	180	11	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	180	12	i	i	NOUN
aijssr-330	180	13	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	180	14	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	180	15	has	have	VERB
aijssr-330	180	16	an	an	DET
aijssr-330	180	17	adverse	adverse	ADJ
aijssr-330	180	18	effect	effect	NOUN
aijssr-330	180	19	on	on	ADP
aijssr-330	180	20	public	public	ADJ
aijssr-330	180	21	debt	debt	NOUN
aijssr-330	180	22	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	180	23	suggesting	suggest	VERB
aijssr-330	180	24	that	that	SCONJ
aijssr-330	180	25	the	the	PRON
aijssr-330	180	26	higher	high	ADJ
aijssr-330	180	27	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	180	28	index	index	NOUN
aijssr-330	180	29	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	180	30	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	180	31	lesser	less	ADJ
aijssr-330	180	32	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	180	33	level	level	NOUN
aijssr-330	180	34	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	180	35	public	public	ADJ
aijssr-330	180	36	debt	debt	NOUN
aijssr-330	180	37	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	181	1	also	also	ADV
aijssr-330	181	2	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	181	3	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	181	4	model	model	NOUN
aijssr-330	181	5	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	181	6	ii	ii	NOUN
aijssr-330	181	7	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	181	8	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	181	9	control	control	NOUN
aijssr-330	181	10	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	181	11	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	181	12	is	be	AUX
aijssr-330	181	13	negatively	negatively	ADV
aijssr-330	181	14	related	relate	VERB
aijssr-330	181	15	with	with	ADP
aijssr-330	181	16	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	181	17	public	public	ADJ
aijssr-330	181	18	debt	debt	NOUN
aijssr-330	181	19	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	182	1	this	this	PRON
aijssr-330	182	2	implies	imply	VERB
aijssr-330	182	3	that	that	SCONJ
aijssr-330	182	4	an	an	DET
aijssr-330	182	5	effective	effective	ADJ
aijssr-330	182	6	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	182	7	control	control	NOUN
aijssr-330	182	8	measure	measure	NOUN
aijssr-330	182	9	could	could	AUX
aijssr-330	182	10	mitigate	mitigate	VERB
aijssr-330	182	11	a	a	DET
aijssr-330	182	12	high	high	ADJ
aijssr-330	182	13	incidence	incidence	NOUN
aijssr-330	182	14	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	182	15	government	government	NOUN
aijssr-330	182	16	debt	debt	NOUN
aijssr-330	182	17	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	183	1	further	further	PROPN
aijssr-330	183	2	findings	finding	NOUN
aijssr-330	183	3	indicate	indicate	VERB
aijssr-330	183	4	that	that	SCONJ
aijssr-330	183	5	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	183	6	both	both	DET
aijssr-330	183	7	models	model	NOUN
aijssr-330	183	8	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	183	9	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	183	10	estimated	estimate	VERB
aijssr-330	183	11	parameters	parameter	NOUN
aijssr-330	183	12	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	183	13	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	183	14	two	two	NUM
aijssr-330	183	15	indicators	indicator	NOUN
aijssr-330	183	16	are	be	AUX
aijssr-330	183	17	not	not	PART
aijssr-330	183	18	significant	significant	ADJ
aijssr-330	183	19	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	184	1	a	a	DET
aijssr-330	184	2	plausible	plausible	ADJ
aijssr-330	184	3	justification	justification	NOUN
aijssr-330	184	4	for	for	ADP
aijssr-330	184	5	this	this	PRON
aijssr-330	184	6	is	be	AUX
aijssr-330	184	7	that	that	SCONJ
aijssr-330	184	8	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	184	9	current	current	ADJ
aijssr-330	184	10	ant	ant	ADJ
aijssr-330	184	11	-	-	PUNCT
aijssr-330	184	12	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	184	13	efforts	effort	NOUN
aijssr-330	184	14	might	might	AUX
aijssr-330	184	15	not	not	PART
aijssr-330	184	16	be	be	AUX
aijssr-330	184	17	well	well	ADV
aijssr-330	184	18	suited	suited	ADJ
aijssr-330	184	19	to	to	ADP
aijssr-330	184	20	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	184	21	improvement	improvement	NOUN
aijssr-330	184	22	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	184	23	public	public	ADJ
aijssr-330	184	24	debt	debt	NOUN
aijssr-330	184	25	management	management	NOUN
aijssr-330	184	26	strategy	strategy	NOUN
aijssr-330	184	27	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	185	1	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	185	2	another	another	DET
aijssr-330	185	3	way	way	NOUN
aijssr-330	185	4	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	185	5	it	it	PRON
aijssr-330	185	6	can	can	AUX
aijssr-330	185	7	be	be	AUX
aijssr-330	185	8	stressed	stress	VERB
aijssr-330	185	9	that	that	SCONJ
aijssr-330	185	10	it	it	PRON
aijssr-330	185	11	has	have	VERB
aijssr-330	185	12	a	a	DET
aijssr-330	185	13	shallow	shallow	ADJ
aijssr-330	185	14	effect	effect	NOUN
aijssr-330	185	15	on	on	ADP
aijssr-330	185	16	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	185	17	fiscal	fiscal	ADJ
aijssr-330	185	18	management	management	NOUN
aijssr-330	185	19	process	process	NOUN
aijssr-330	185	20	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	186	1	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	186	2	terms	term	NOUN
aijssr-330	186	3	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	186	4	entrenched	entrenched	ADJ
aijssr-330	186	5	corrupt	corrupt	ADJ
aijssr-330	186	6	bureaucracy	bureaucracy	NOUN
aijssr-330	186	7	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	186	8	structural	structural	ADJ
aijssr-330	186	9	gap	gap	NOUN
aijssr-330	186	10	relations	relation	NOUN
aijssr-330	186	11	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	186	12	it	it	PRON
aijssr-330	186	13	is	be	AUX
aijssr-330	186	14	difficult	difficult	ADJ
aijssr-330	186	15	for	for	SCONJ
aijssr-330	186	16	states	state	NOUN
aijssr-330	186	17	with	with	ADP
aijssr-330	186	18	greater	great	ADJ
aijssr-330	186	19	fiscal	fiscal	ADJ
aijssr-330	186	20	crisis	crisis	NOUN
aijssr-330	186	21	to	to	PART
aijssr-330	186	22	curb	curb	VERB
aijssr-330	186	23	wasteful	wasteful	ADJ
aijssr-330	186	24	expenditures	expenditure	NOUN
aijssr-330	186	25	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	186	26	levels	level	NOUN
aijssr-330	186	27	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	186	28	debt	debt	NOUN
aijssr-330	186	29	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	187	1	however	however	ADV
aijssr-330	187	2	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	187	3	given	give	VERB
aijssr-330	187	4	these	these	DET
aijssr-330	187	5	results	result	NOUN
aijssr-330	187	6	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	187	7	it	it	PRON
aijssr-330	187	8	is	be	AUX
aijssr-330	187	9	evident	evident	ADJ
aijssr-330	187	10	that	that	SCONJ
aijssr-330	187	11	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	187	12	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	187	13	practice	practice	NOUN
aijssr-330	187	14	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	187	15	debt	debt	NOUN
aijssr-330	187	16	accumulation	accumulation	NOUN
aijssr-330	187	17	is	be	AUX
aijssr-330	187	18	restricted	restrict	VERB
aijssr-330	187	19	with	with	ADP
aijssr-330	187	20	lower	low	ADJ
aijssr-330	187	21	levels	level	NOUN
aijssr-330	187	22	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	187	23	public	public	ADJ
aijssr-330	187	24	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	187	25	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	188	1	this	this	DET
aijssr-330	188	2	empirical	empirical	ADJ
aijssr-330	188	3	assertion	assertion	NOUN
aijssr-330	188	4	is	be	AUX
aijssr-330	188	5	consistent	consistent	ADJ
aijssr-330	188	6	with	with	ADP
aijssr-330	188	7	previous	previous	ADJ
aijssr-330	188	8	studies	study	NOUN
aijssr-330	188	9	on	on	ADP
aijssr-330	188	10	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	188	11	-	-	PUNCT
aijssr-330	188	12	public	public	ADJ
aijssr-330	188	13	debt	debt	NOUN
aijssr-330	188	14	nexus	nexus	NOUN
aijssr-330	188	15	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	188	16	cooray	cooray	VERB
aijssr-330	188	17	et	et	PROPN
aijssr-330	188	18	al	al	PROPN
aijssr-330	188	19	.	.	PROPN
aijssr-330	188	20	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	188	21	2017	2017	NUM
aijssr-330	188	22	;	;	PUNCT
aijssr-330	188	23	liu	liu	PROPN
aijssr-330	188	24	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	188	25	2017	2017	NUM
aijssr-330	188	26	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	188	27	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	189	1	on	on	ADP
aijssr-330	189	2	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	189	3	hand	hand	NOUN
aijssr-330	189	4	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	189	5	with	with	ADP
aijssr-330	189	6	respect	respect	NOUN
aijssr-330	189	7	to	to	ADP
aijssr-330	189	8	short	short	ADJ
aijssr-330	189	9	run	run	NOUN
aijssr-330	189	10	relationship	relationship	NOUN
aijssr-330	189	11	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	189	12	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	189	13	estimated	estimate	VERB
aijssr-330	189	14	parameters	parameter	NOUN
aijssr-330	189	15	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	189	16	two	two	NUM
aijssr-330	189	17	indicators	indicator	NOUN
aijssr-330	189	18	are	be	AUX
aijssr-330	189	19	significant	significant	ADJ
aijssr-330	189	20	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	189	21	while	while	SCONJ
aijssr-330	189	22	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	189	23	negative	negative	ADJ
aijssr-330	189	24	signs	sign	NOUN
aijssr-330	189	25	are	be	AUX
aijssr-330	189	26	retained	retain	VERB
aijssr-330	189	27	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	190	1	this	this	PRON
aijssr-330	190	2	suggest	suggest	VERB
aijssr-330	190	3	that	that	SCONJ
aijssr-330	190	4	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	190	5	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	190	6	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	190	7	short	short	ADJ
aijssr-330	190	8	run	run	NOUN
aijssr-330	190	9	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	190	10	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	190	11	level	level	NOUN
aijssr-330	190	12	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	190	13	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	190	14	substantially	substantially	ADV
aijssr-330	190	15	navigates	navigate	VERB
aijssr-330	190	16	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	190	17	direction	direction	NOUN
aijssr-330	190	18	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	190	19	government	government	NOUN
aijssr-330	190	20	debt	debt	NOUN
aijssr-330	190	21	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	191	1	table	table	NOUN
aijssr-330	191	2	4	4	NUM
aijssr-330	191	3	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	192	1	ardl	ardl	NOUN
aijssr-330	192	2	long	long	ADJ
aijssr-330	192	3	run	run	NOUN
aijssr-330	192	4	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	192	5	short	short	ADJ
aijssr-330	192	6	run	run	NOUN
aijssr-330	192	7	estimates	estimate	VERB
aijssr-330	192	8	variable	variable	ADJ
aijssr-330	192	9	model	model	NOUN
aijssr-330	192	10	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	192	11	i	i	NOUN
aijssr-330	192	12	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	192	13	variable	variable	ADJ
aijssr-330	192	14	model	model	NOUN
aijssr-330	192	15	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	192	16	ii	ii	NOUN
aijssr-330	192	17	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	192	18	long	long	ADV
aijssr-330	192	19	run	run	VERB
aijssr-330	192	20	short	short	ADJ
aijssr-330	192	21	run	run	NOUN
aijssr-330	192	22	long	long	ADV
aijssr-330	192	23	run	run	VERB
aijssr-330	192	24	short	short	ADJ
aijssr-330	192	25	run	run	NOUN
aijssr-330	192	26	constant	constant	ADJ
aijssr-330	192	27	0.20	0.20	NUM
aijssr-330	192	28	*	*	NOUN
aijssr-330	192	29	0.25	0.25	NUM
aijssr-330	192	30	*	*	PUNCT
aijssr-330	192	31	*	*	NOUN
aijssr-330	192	32	constant	constant	ADJ
aijssr-330	192	33	1.03	1.03	NUM
aijssr-330	192	34	*	*	NOUN
aijssr-330	192	35	*	*	NOUN
aijssr-330	192	36	-1.44	-1.44	NOUN
aijssr-330	192	37	*	*	PUNCT
aijssr-330	192	38	*	*	PUNCT
aijssr-330	192	39	*	*	PROPN
aijssr-330	192	40	6	6	NUM
aijssr-330	192	41	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	192	42	this	this	DET
aijssr-330	192	43	study	study	NOUN
aijssr-330	192	44	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	192	45	model	model	NOUN
aijssr-330	192	46	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	192	47	i	i	NOUN
aijssr-330	192	48	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	192	49	indicates	indicate	VERB
aijssr-330	192	50	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	192	51	inclusion	inclusion	NOUN
aijssr-330	192	52	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	192	53	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	192	54	index	index	NOUN
aijssr-330	192	55	computed	compute	VERB
aijssr-330	192	56	by	by	ADP
aijssr-330	192	57	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	192	58	transparency	transparency	NOUN
aijssr-330	192	59	international	international	NOUN
aijssr-330	192	60	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	192	61	whereas	whereas	SCONJ
aijssr-330	192	62	model	model	NOUN
aijssr-330	192	63	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	192	64	ii	ii	NOUN
aijssr-330	192	65	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	192	66	represents	represent	VERB
aijssr-330	192	67	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	192	68	use	use	NOUN
aijssr-330	192	69	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	192	70	control	control	NOUN
aijssr-330	192	71	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	192	72	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	192	73	developed	develop	VERB
aijssr-330	192	74	by	by	ADP
aijssr-330	192	75	kaufmann	kaufmann	PROPN
aijssr-330	192	76	et	et	PROPN
aijssr-330	192	77	al	al	PROPN
aijssr-330	192	78	.	.	PROPN
aijssr-330	193	1	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	193	2	2010	2010	NUM
aijssr-330	193	3	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	193	4	as	as	ADP
aijssr-330	193	5	an	an	DET
aijssr-330	193	6	institutional	institutional	ADJ
aijssr-330	193	7	indicator	indicator	NOUN
aijssr-330	193	8	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	193	9	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	193	10	model	model	NOUN
aijssr-330	193	11	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	194	1	copyright	copyright	NOUN
aijssr-330	194	2	©	©	PROPN
aijssr-330	194	3	cc	cc	PROPN
aijssr-330	194	4	-	-	PUNCT
aijssr-330	194	5	by	by	ADP
aijssr-330	194	6	-	-	PUNCT
aijssr-330	194	7	nc	nc	PROPN
aijssr-330	194	8	2019	2019	NUM
aijssr-330	194	9	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	194	10	cribfb	cribfb	PROPN
aijssr-330	194	11	|	|	ADV
aijssr-330	194	12	aijssr	aijssr	PROPN
aijssr-330	194	13	www.cribfb.com/journal/index.php/aijssr	www.cribfb.com/journal/index.php/aijssr	PROPN
aijssr-330	195	1	american	american	PROPN
aijssr-330	195	2	international	international	PROPN
aijssr-330	195	3	journal	journal	PROPN
aijssr-330	195	4	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	195	5	social	social	ADJ
aijssr-330	195	6	science	science	NOUN
aijssr-330	195	7	research	research	NOUN
aijssr-330	195	8	vol	vol	NOUN
aijssr-330	195	9	.	.	PROPN
aijssr-330	196	1	4	4	NUM
aijssr-330	196	2	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	196	3	no	no	INTJ
aijssr-330	196	4	.	.	NOUN
aijssr-330	196	5	2	2	NUM
aijssr-330	196	6	;	;	PUNCT
aijssr-330	196	7	2019	2019	NUM
aijssr-330	196	8	20	20	NUM
aijssr-330	197	1	[	[	X
aijssr-330	197	2	1.99	1.99	NUM
aijssr-330	197	3	]	]	PUNCT
aijssr-330	198	1	[	[	X
aijssr-330	198	2	-2.89	-2.89	X
aijssr-330	198	3	]	]	X
aijssr-330	198	4	[	[	X
aijssr-330	198	5	2.79	2.79	NUM
aijssr-330	198	6	]	]	PUNCT
aijssr-330	198	7	[	[	X
aijssr-330	198	8	-12.99	-12.99	NOUN
aijssr-330	198	9	]	]	X
aijssr-330	198	10	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	198	11	index	index	NOUN
aijssr-330	198	12	-0.79	-0.79	NOUN
aijssr-330	198	13	[	[	X
aijssr-330	198	14	-1.03	-1.03	NUM
aijssr-330	198	15	]	]	X
aijssr-330	198	16	-0.03	-0.03	NOUN
aijssr-330	198	17	*	*	PUNCT
aijssr-330	198	18	*	*	PUNCT
aijssr-330	199	1	[	[	X
aijssr-330	199	2	-4.29	-4.29	X
aijssr-330	199	3	]	]	X
aijssr-330	199	4	control	control	NOUN
aijssr-330	199	5	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	199	6	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	199	7	-1.71	-1.71	NOUN
aijssr-330	200	1	[	[	X
aijssr-330	200	2	-0.53	-0.53	X
aijssr-330	200	3	]	]	X
aijssr-330	200	4	-0.84	-0.84	NOUN
aijssr-330	200	5	*	*	PUNCT
aijssr-330	200	6	*	*	PUNCT
aijssr-330	201	1	[	[	X
aijssr-330	201	2	-2.78	-2.78	X
aijssr-330	201	3	]	]	X
aijssr-330	201	4	gdp	gdp	NOUN
aijssr-330	201	5	-1.27	-1.27	NOUN
aijssr-330	201	6	*	*	PROPN
aijssr-330	201	7	*	*	PUNCT
aijssr-330	202	1	[	[	X
aijssr-330	202	2	-2.95	-2.95	X
aijssr-330	202	3	]	]	X
aijssr-330	202	4	1.01	1.01	NUM
aijssr-330	202	5	*	*	PUNCT
aijssr-330	203	1	[	[	X
aijssr-330	203	2	2.15	2.15	NUM
aijssr-330	203	3	]	]	X
aijssr-330	203	4	gdp	gdp	NOUN
aijssr-330	203	5	-0.89	-0.89	NUM
aijssr-330	204	1	[	[	X
aijssr-330	204	2	-0.32	-0.32	X
aijssr-330	204	3	]	]	X
aijssr-330	204	4	-0.85	-0.85	NOUN
aijssr-330	204	5	*	*	PUNCT
aijssr-330	204	6	*	*	PUNCT
aijssr-330	205	1	[	[	X
aijssr-330	205	2	-2.83	-2.83	X
aijssr-330	205	3	]	]	PUNCT
aijssr-330	205	4	inflation	inflation	NOUN
aijssr-330	205	5	0.12	0.12	NUM
aijssr-330	206	1	[	[	X
aijssr-330	206	2	0.57	0.57	NUM
aijssr-330	206	3	0.02	0.02	NUM
aijssr-330	206	4	*	*	PUNCT
aijssr-330	206	5	*	*	PUNCT
aijssr-330	206	6	*	*	PUNCT
aijssr-330	207	1	[	[	X
aijssr-330	207	2	3.26	3.26	NUM
aijssr-330	207	3	]	]	PUNCT
aijssr-330	207	4	inflation	inflation	NOUN
aijssr-330	207	5	0.47	0.47	NUM
aijssr-330	207	6	*	*	PUNCT
aijssr-330	208	1	[	[	X
aijssr-330	208	2	1.69	1.69	NUM
aijssr-330	208	3	]	]	PUNCT
aijssr-330	208	4	0.01	0.01	NUM
aijssr-330	208	5	*	*	PUNCT
aijssr-330	209	1	[	[	X
aijssr-330	209	2	2.04	2.04	NUM
aijssr-330	209	3	]	]	X
aijssr-330	209	4	national	national	ADJ
aijssr-330	209	5	expenditure	expenditure	NOUN
aijssr-330	209	6	0.68	0.68	NUM
aijssr-330	209	7	*	*	PUNCT
aijssr-330	210	1	[	[	X
aijssr-330	210	2	1.96	1.96	NUM
aijssr-330	210	3	]	]	PUNCT
aijssr-330	210	4	1.49	1.49	NUM
aijssr-330	210	5	*	*	PUNCT
aijssr-330	210	6	*	*	PUNCT
aijssr-330	211	1	[	[	X
aijssr-330	211	2	4.85	4.85	NUM
aijssr-330	211	3	]	]	X
aijssr-330	211	4	national	national	ADJ
aijssr-330	211	5	expenditure	expenditure	NOUN
aijssr-330	211	6	4.86	4.86	NUM
aijssr-330	211	7	*	*	PUNCT
aijssr-330	212	1	[	[	X
aijssr-330	212	2	1.77	1.77	NUM
aijssr-330	212	3	]	]	PUNCT
aijssr-330	212	4	1.98	1.98	NUM
aijssr-330	212	5	*	*	PUNCT
aijssr-330	212	6	*	*	PUNCT
aijssr-330	212	7	*	*	PUNCT
aijssr-330	213	1	[	[	X
aijssr-330	213	2	9.89	9.89	NUM
aijssr-330	213	3	]	]	X
aijssr-330	213	4	ecm	ecm	NOUN
aijssr-330	213	5	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	213	6	-1	-1	INTJ
aijssr-330	213	7	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	213	8	-0.11	-0.11	NOUN
aijssr-330	213	9	*	*	PUNCT
aijssr-330	213	10	*	*	PUNCT
aijssr-330	213	11	*	*	PUNCT
aijssr-330	213	12	[	[	X
aijssr-330	213	13	-8.42	-8.42	X
aijssr-330	213	14	]	]	X
aijssr-330	213	15	ecm	ecm	NOUN
aijssr-330	213	16	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	213	17	-1	-1	ADJ
aijssr-330	213	18	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	213	19	-0.12	-0.12	NOUN
aijssr-330	213	20	*	*	NOUN
aijssr-330	213	21	*	*	PUNCT
aijssr-330	213	22	*	*	PUNCT
aijssr-330	214	1	[	[	X
aijssr-330	214	2	-13.01	-13.01	X
aijssr-330	214	3	]	]	X
aijssr-330	214	4	d.w	d.w	VERB
aijssr-330	214	5	1.94	1.94	NUM
aijssr-330	214	6	d.w	d.w	NOUN
aijssr-330	214	7	2.02	2.02	NUM
aijssr-330	214	8	ramsey	ramsey	NOUN
aijssr-330	214	9	reset	reset	NOUN
aijssr-330	214	10	test	test	NOUN
aijssr-330	214	11	0.58	0.58	NUM
aijssr-330	214	12	ramsey	ramsey	PROPN
aijssr-330	214	13	reset	reset	PROPN
aijssr-330	214	14	test	test	NOUN
aijssr-330	214	15	0.51	0.51	NUM
aijssr-330	214	16	normality	normality	NOUN
aijssr-330	214	17	test	test	NOUN
aijssr-330	214	18	0.53	0.53	NUM
aijssr-330	214	19	normality	normality	NOUN
aijssr-330	214	20	test	test	NOUN
aijssr-330	214	21	0.58	0.58	NUM
aijssr-330	214	22	serial	serial	ADJ
aijssr-330	214	23	correlation	correlation	NOUN
aijssr-330	214	24	0.91	0.91	NUM
aijssr-330	214	25	serial	serial	ADJ
aijssr-330	214	26	correlation	correlation	NOUN
aijssr-330	214	27	0.32	0.32	NUM
aijssr-330	214	28	*	*	PUNCT
aijssr-330	214	29	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	214	30	*	*	PUNCT
aijssr-330	214	31	*	*	PROPN
aijssr-330	214	32	&	&	CCONJ
aijssr-330	214	33	*	*	PUNCT
aijssr-330	214	34	*	*	PUNCT
aijssr-330	214	35	*	*	PUNCT
aijssr-330	214	36	indicate	indicate	VERB
aijssr-330	214	37	statistical	statistical	ADJ
aijssr-330	214	38	significance	significance	NOUN
aijssr-330	214	39	at	at	ADP
aijssr-330	214	40	10	10	NUM
aijssr-330	214	41	%	%	NOUN
aijssr-330	214	42	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	214	43	5	5	NUM
aijssr-330	214	44	%	%	NOUN
aijssr-330	214	45	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	214	46	1	1	NUM
aijssr-330	214	47	%	%	NOUN
aijssr-330	214	48	respectively	respectively	ADV
aijssr-330	214	49	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	214	50	whilst	whilst	SCONJ
aijssr-330	214	51	figures	figure	NOUN
aijssr-330	214	52	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	214	53	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	214	54	-	-	PUNCT
aijssr-330	214	55	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	214	56	are	be	AUX
aijssr-330	214	57	t	t	NOUN
aijssr-330	214	58	-	-	PUNCT
aijssr-330	214	59	values	value	NOUN
aijssr-330	214	60	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	215	1	on	on	ADP
aijssr-330	215	2	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	215	3	control	control	NOUN
aijssr-330	215	4	variables	variable	NOUN
aijssr-330	215	5	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	215	6	signs	sign	NOUN
aijssr-330	215	7	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	215	8	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	215	9	estimated	estimate	VERB
aijssr-330	215	10	parameters	parameter	NOUN
aijssr-330	215	11	also	also	ADV
aijssr-330	215	12	marry	marry	VERB
aijssr-330	215	13	up	up	ADP
aijssr-330	215	14	with	with	ADP
aijssr-330	215	15	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	215	16	theoretical	theoretical	ADJ
aijssr-330	215	17	expectation	expectation	NOUN
aijssr-330	215	18	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	216	1	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	216	2	results	result	NOUN
aijssr-330	216	3	reveal	reveal	VERB
aijssr-330	216	4	that	that	SCONJ
aijssr-330	216	5	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	216	6	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	216	7	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	216	8	long	long	ADJ
aijssr-330	216	9	run	run	NOUN
aijssr-330	216	10	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	216	11	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	216	12	effect	effect	NOUN
aijssr-330	216	13	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	216	14	gdp	gdp	NOUN
aijssr-330	216	15	per	per	ADP
aijssr-330	216	16	capita	capita	X
aijssr-330	216	17	remains	remain	VERB
aijssr-330	216	18	substantial	substantial	ADJ
aijssr-330	216	19	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	216	20	statistically	statistically	ADV
aijssr-330	216	21	significant	significant	ADJ
aijssr-330	216	22	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	216	23	indicating	indicate	VERB
aijssr-330	216	24	that	that	SCONJ
aijssr-330	216	25	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	216	26	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	216	27	period	period	NOUN
aijssr-330	216	28	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	216	29	economic	economic	ADJ
aijssr-330	216	30	boom	boom	NOUN
aijssr-330	216	31	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	216	32	government	government	NOUN
aijssr-330	216	33	tends	tend	VERB
aijssr-330	216	34	to	to	PART
aijssr-330	216	35	borrow	borrow	VERB
aijssr-330	216	36	less	less	ADV
aijssr-330	216	37	compared	compare	VERB
aijssr-330	216	38	with	with	ADP
aijssr-330	216	39	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	216	40	financial	financial	ADJ
aijssr-330	216	41	crisis	crisis	NOUN
aijssr-330	216	42	period	period	NOUN
aijssr-330	216	43	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	217	1	similarly	similarly	ADV
aijssr-330	217	2	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	217	3	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	217	4	assertion	assertion	NOUN
aijssr-330	217	5	is	be	AUX
aijssr-330	217	6	also	also	ADV
aijssr-330	217	7	retained	retain	VERB
aijssr-330	217	8	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	217	9	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	217	10	short	short	ADJ
aijssr-330	217	11	run	run	NOUN
aijssr-330	217	12	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	218	1	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	218	2	contrast	contrast	NOUN
aijssr-330	218	3	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	218	4	inflation	inflation	NOUN
aijssr-330	218	5	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	218	6	national	national	ADJ
aijssr-330	218	7	expenditure	expenditure	NOUN
aijssr-330	218	8	have	have	VERB
aijssr-330	218	9	a	a	DET
aijssr-330	218	10	direct	direct	ADJ
aijssr-330	218	11	significant	significant	ADJ
aijssr-330	218	12	association	association	NOUN
aijssr-330	218	13	with	with	ADP
aijssr-330	218	14	public	public	ADJ
aijssr-330	218	15	debt	debt	NOUN
aijssr-330	218	16	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	218	17	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	218	18	long	long	ADJ
aijssr-330	218	19	run	run	NOUN
aijssr-330	218	20	as	as	ADV
aijssr-330	218	21	well	well	ADV
aijssr-330	218	22	as	as	ADP
aijssr-330	218	23	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	218	24	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	218	25	short	short	ADJ
aijssr-330	218	26	run	run	NOUN
aijssr-330	218	27	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	219	1	although	although	SCONJ
aijssr-330	219	2	inflation	inflation	NOUN
aijssr-330	219	3	is	be	AUX
aijssr-330	219	4	insignificant	insignificant	ADJ
aijssr-330	219	5	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	219	6	model	model	NOUN
aijssr-330	219	7	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	219	8	i	i	NOUN
aijssr-330	219	9	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	219	10	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	219	11	high	high	ADJ
aijssr-330	219	12	inflation	inflation	NOUN
aijssr-330	219	13	rate	rate	NOUN
aijssr-330	219	14	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	219	15	excessive	excessive	ADJ
aijssr-330	219	16	public	public	ADJ
aijssr-330	219	17	spending	spending	NOUN
aijssr-330	219	18	are	be	AUX
aijssr-330	219	19	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	219	20	fundamental	fundamental	ADJ
aijssr-330	219	21	causes	cause	NOUN
aijssr-330	219	22	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	219	23	spiralling	spiral	VERB
aijssr-330	219	24	levels	level	NOUN
aijssr-330	219	25	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	219	26	public	public	ADJ
aijssr-330	219	27	debt	debt	NOUN
aijssr-330	219	28	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	219	29	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
aijssr-330	219	30	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	220	1	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	220	2	buttressing	buttress	VERB
aijssr-330	220	3	this	this	DET
aijssr-330	220	4	empirical	empirical	ADJ
aijssr-330	220	5	ground	ground	NOUN
aijssr-330	220	6	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	220	7	large	large	ADJ
aijssr-330	220	8	–	–	PUNCT
aijssr-330	220	9	scale	scale	NOUN
aijssr-330	220	10	government	government	NOUN
aijssr-330	220	11	expenditures	expenditure	NOUN
aijssr-330	220	12	on	on	ADP
aijssr-330	220	13	unsustainable	unsustainable	ADJ
aijssr-330	220	14	projects	project	NOUN
aijssr-330	220	15	could	could	AUX
aijssr-330	220	16	exacerbate	exacerbate	VERB
aijssr-330	220	17	fiscal	fiscal	ADJ
aijssr-330	220	18	imprudence	imprudence	NOUN
aijssr-330	220	19	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	220	20	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	220	21	rising	rise	VERB
aijssr-330	220	22	incidence	incidence	NOUN
aijssr-330	220	23	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	220	24	indebtedness	indebtedness	NOUN
aijssr-330	220	25	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	220	26	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	220	27	economy	economy	NOUN
aijssr-330	220	28	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	220	29	gupta	gupta	PROPN
aijssr-330	220	30	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	220	31	de	de	PROPN
aijssr-330	220	32	mello	mello	PROPN
aijssr-330	220	33	&	&	CCONJ
aijssr-330	220	34	sharan	sharan	PROPN
aijssr-330	220	35	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	220	36	2001	2001	NUM
aijssr-330	220	37	;	;	PUNCT
aijssr-330	220	38	kaufmann	kaufmann	PROPN
aijssr-330	220	39	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	220	40	2010	2010	NUM
aijssr-330	220	41	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	220	42	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	221	1	moreover	moreover	ADV
aijssr-330	221	2	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	221	3	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	221	4	speed	speed	NOUN
aijssr-330	221	5	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	221	6	adjustment	adjustment	NOUN
aijssr-330	221	7	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	221	8	government	government	NOUN
aijssr-330	221	9	debt	debt	NOUN
aijssr-330	221	10	to	to	ADP
aijssr-330	221	11	shocks	shock	NOUN
aijssr-330	221	12	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	221	13	exogenous	exogenous	ADJ
aijssr-330	221	14	variables	variable	NOUN
aijssr-330	221	15	is	be	AUX
aijssr-330	221	16	shown	show	VERB
aijssr-330	221	17	by	by	ADP
aijssr-330	221	18	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	221	19	estimated	estimate	VERB
aijssr-330	221	20	coefficients	coefficient	NOUN
aijssr-330	221	21	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	221	22	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	221	23	error	error	NOUN
aijssr-330	221	24	correction	correction	NOUN
aijssr-330	221	25	term	term	NOUN
aijssr-330	221	26	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	221	27	ecm	ecm	NOUN
aijssr-330	221	28	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	221	29	1	1	NUM
aijssr-330	221	30	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	221	31	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	221	32	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	222	1	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	222	2	negative	negative	ADJ
aijssr-330	222	3	statistical	statistical	ADJ
aijssr-330	222	4	significance	significance	NOUN
aijssr-330	222	5	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	222	6	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	222	7	estimated	estimate	VERB
aijssr-330	222	8	parameters	parameter	NOUN
aijssr-330	222	9	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	222	10	error	error	NOUN
aijssr-330	222	11	correction	correction	NOUN
aijssr-330	222	12	term	term	NOUN
aijssr-330	222	13	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	222	14	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	222	15	two	two	NUM
aijssr-330	222	16	models	model	NOUN
aijssr-330	222	17	indicates	indicate	VERB
aijssr-330	222	18	a	a	DET
aijssr-330	222	19	stable	stable	ADJ
aijssr-330	222	20	process	process	NOUN
aijssr-330	222	21	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	222	22	adjustment	adjustment	NOUN
aijssr-330	222	23	to	to	ADP
aijssr-330	222	24	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	222	25	long	long	ADJ
aijssr-330	222	26	run	run	NOUN
aijssr-330	222	27	equilibrium	equilibrium	NOUN
aijssr-330	222	28	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	223	1	essentially	essentially	ADV
aijssr-330	223	2	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	223	3	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	223	4	validity	validity	NOUN
aijssr-330	223	5	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	223	6	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	223	7	error	error	NOUN
aijssr-330	223	8	correction	correction	NOUN
aijssr-330	223	9	term	term	NOUN
aijssr-330	223	10	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	223	11	ecm	ecm	PROPN
aijssr-330	223	12	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	223	13	-1	-1	ADJ
aijssr-330	223	14	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	223	15	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	223	16	is	be	AUX
aijssr-330	223	17	established	establish	VERB
aijssr-330	223	18	by	by	ADP
aijssr-330	223	19	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	223	20	estimated	estimate	VERB
aijssr-330	223	21	values	value	NOUN
aijssr-330	223	22	respectively	respectively	ADV
aijssr-330	223	23	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	224	1	model	model	NOUN
aijssr-330	224	2	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	224	3	i	i	NOUN
aijssr-330	224	4	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	224	5	—	—	PUNCT
aijssr-330	224	6	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	224	7	index	index	NOUN
aijssr-330	224	8	-10.0	-10.0	PROPN
aijssr-330	224	9	-7.5	-7.5	NOUN
aijssr-330	224	10	-5.0	-5.0	PUNCT
aijssr-330	224	11	-2.5	-2.5	ADP
aijssr-330	224	12	0.0	0.0	NUM
aijssr-330	224	13	2.5	2.5	NUM
aijssr-330	224	14	5.0	5.0	NUM
aijssr-330	224	15	7.5	7.5	NUM
aijssr-330	224	16	10.0	10.0	NUM
aijssr-330	224	17	2010	2010	NUM
aijssr-330	224	18	2011	2011	NUM
aijssr-330	224	19	2012	2012	NUM
aijssr-330	224	20	2013	2013	NUM
aijssr-330	224	21	2014	2014	NUM
aijssr-330	224	22	2015	2015	NUM
aijssr-330	224	23	2016	2016	NUM
aijssr-330	224	24	2017	2017	NUM
aijssr-330	224	25	cusum	cusum	VERB
aijssr-330	224	26	5	5	NUM
aijssr-330	224	27	%	%	NOUN
aijssr-330	224	28	significance	significance	NOUN
aijssr-330	224	29	-0.4	-0.4	ADP
aijssr-330	224	30	0.0	0.0	NUM
aijssr-330	224	31	0.4	0.4	NUM
aijssr-330	224	32	0.8	0.8	NUM
aijssr-330	224	33	1.2	1.2	NUM
aijssr-330	224	34	1.6	1.6	NUM
aijssr-330	224	35	2010	2010	NUM
aijssr-330	224	36	2011	2011	NUM
aijssr-330	224	37	2012	2012	NUM
aijssr-330	224	38	2013	2013	NUM
aijssr-330	224	39	2014	2014	NUM
aijssr-330	224	40	2015	2015	NUM
aijssr-330	224	41	2016	2016	NUM
aijssr-330	224	42	2017	2017	NUM
aijssr-330	224	43	cusum	cusum	NOUN
aijssr-330	224	44	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	224	45	squares	square	NOUN
aijssr-330	224	46	5	5	NUM
aijssr-330	224	47	%	%	NOUN
aijssr-330	224	48	significance	significance	NOUN
aijssr-330	224	49	model	model	NOUN
aijssr-330	224	50	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	224	51	i	i	NOUN
aijssr-330	224	52	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	224	53	—	—	PUNCT
aijssr-330	224	54	control	control	NOUN
aijssr-330	224	55	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	224	56	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	224	57	-8	-8	NUM
aijssr-330	225	1	-6	-6	INTJ
aijssr-330	225	2	-4	-4	INTJ
aijssr-330	226	1	-2	-2	NOUN
aijssr-330	226	2	0	0	NUM
aijssr-330	226	3	2	2	NUM
aijssr-330	226	4	4	4	NUM
aijssr-330	226	5	6	6	NUM
aijssr-330	226	6	8	8	NUM
aijssr-330	226	7	2013	2013	NUM
aijssr-330	226	8	2014	2014	NUM
aijssr-330	226	9	2015	2015	NUM
aijssr-330	226	10	2016	2016	NUM
aijssr-330	226	11	2017	2017	NUM
aijssr-330	226	12	cusum	cusum	VERB
aijssr-330	226	13	5	5	NUM
aijssr-330	226	14	%	%	NOUN
aijssr-330	226	15	significance	significance	NOUN
aijssr-330	226	16	-0.4	-0.4	ADP
aijssr-330	226	17	0.0	0.0	NUM
aijssr-330	226	18	0.4	0.4	NUM
aijssr-330	226	19	0.8	0.8	NUM
aijssr-330	226	20	1.2	1.2	NUM
aijssr-330	226	21	1.6	1.6	NUM
aijssr-330	226	22	2013	2013	NUM
aijssr-330	226	23	2014	2014	NUM
aijssr-330	226	24	2015	2015	NUM
aijssr-330	226	25	2016	2016	NUM
aijssr-330	226	26	2017	2017	NUM
aijssr-330	226	27	cusum	cusum	NOUN
aijssr-330	226	28	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	226	29	squares	square	NOUN
aijssr-330	226	30	5	5	NUM
aijssr-330	226	31	%	%	NOUN
aijssr-330	226	32	significance	significance	NOUN
aijssr-330	226	33	figure	figure	NOUN
aijssr-330	226	34	2	2	NUM
aijssr-330	226	35	:	:	PUNCT
aijssr-330	226	36	cusum	cusum	NOUN
aijssr-330	226	37	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	226	38	left	left	ADJ
aijssr-330	226	39	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	226	40	&	&	CCONJ
aijssr-330	226	41	cusumsq	cusumsq	ADV
aijssr-330	226	42	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	226	43	right	right	ADJ
aijssr-330	226	44	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	226	45	copyright	copyright	NOUN
aijssr-330	227	1	©	©	PROPN
aijssr-330	227	2	cc	cc	PROPN
aijssr-330	227	3	-	-	PUNCT
aijssr-330	227	4	by	by	ADP
aijssr-330	227	5	-	-	PUNCT
aijssr-330	227	6	nc	nc	PROPN
aijssr-330	227	7	2019	2019	NUM
aijssr-330	227	8	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	227	9	cribfb	cribfb	PROPN
aijssr-330	227	10	|	|	ADV
aijssr-330	227	11	aijssr	aijssr	PROPN
aijssr-330	227	12	www.cribfb.com/journal/index.php/aijssr	www.cribfb.com/journal/index.php/aijssr	PROPN
aijssr-330	228	1	american	american	PROPN
aijssr-330	228	2	international	international	PROPN
aijssr-330	228	3	journal	journal	PROPN
aijssr-330	228	4	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	228	5	social	social	ADJ
aijssr-330	228	6	science	science	NOUN
aijssr-330	228	7	research	research	NOUN
aijssr-330	228	8	vol	vol	NOUN
aijssr-330	228	9	.	.	PROPN
aijssr-330	229	1	4	4	NUM
aijssr-330	229	2	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	229	3	no	no	INTJ
aijssr-330	229	4	.	.	NOUN
aijssr-330	229	5	2	2	NUM
aijssr-330	229	6	;	;	PUNCT
aijssr-330	229	7	2019	2019	NUM
aijssr-330	229	8	21	21	NUM
aijssr-330	229	9	table	table	NOUN
aijssr-330	229	10	5.pairwise	5.pairwise	NUM
aijssr-330	229	11	granger	granger	NOUN
aijssr-330	229	12	causality	causality	PROPN
aijssr-330	229	13	test	test	NOUN
aijssr-330	229	14	model	model	PROPN
aijssr-330	229	15	hull	hull	PROPN
aijssr-330	229	16	hypothesis	hypothesis	NOUN
aijssr-330	229	17	fstatistic	fstatistic	PROPN
aijssr-330	229	18	prob	prob	PROPN
aijssr-330	229	19	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	230	1	model	model	PROPN
aijssr-330	230	2	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	230	3	i	i	NOUN
aijssr-330	230	4	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	230	5	corruption_index	corruption_index	NOUN
aijssr-330	230	6	does	do	AUX
aijssr-330	230	7	not	not	PART
aijssr-330	230	8	granger	granger	NOUN
aijssr-330	230	9	cause	cause	VERB
aijssr-330	230	10	logpub	logpub	NOUN
aijssr-330	230	11	2.80	2.80	NUM
aijssr-330	230	12	0.09	0.09	NUM
aijssr-330	230	13	*	*	PUNCT
aijssr-330	230	14	logpub	logpub	NOUN
aijssr-330	230	15	does	do	AUX
aijssr-330	230	16	not	not	PART
aijssr-330	230	17	granger	granger	VERB
aijssr-330	230	18	cause	cause	VERB
aijssr-330	230	19	corruption_index	corruption_index	NOUN
aijssr-330	230	20	3.01	3.01	NUM
aijssr-330	230	21	0.07	0.07	NUM
aijssr-330	230	22	*	*	PUNCT
aijssr-330	230	23	model	model	NOUN
aijssr-330	230	24	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	230	25	ii	ii	NOUN
aijssr-330	230	26	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	230	27	control_of_corruption	control_of_corruption	PROPN
aijssr-330	230	28	does	do	AUX
aijssr-330	230	29	not	not	PART
aijssr-330	230	30	granger	granger	AUX
aijssr-330	230	31	cause	cause	VERB
aijssr-330	230	32	logpub	logpub	NOUN
aijssr-330	230	33	1.65	1.65	NUM
aijssr-330	230	34	0.22	0.22	NUM
aijssr-330	230	35	logpub	logpub	NOUN
aijssr-330	230	36	does	do	AUX
aijssr-330	230	37	not	not	PART
aijssr-330	230	38	granger	granger	AUX
aijssr-330	230	39	cause	cause	VERB
aijssr-330	230	40	control_of_corruption	control_of_corruption	PROPN
aijssr-330	230	41	1.57	1.57	NUM
aijssr-330	230	42	0.23	0.23	NUM
aijssr-330	230	43	*	*	PUNCT
aijssr-330	230	44	indicates	indicate	VERB
aijssr-330	230	45	statistical	statistical	ADJ
aijssr-330	230	46	significance	significance	NOUN
aijssr-330	230	47	at	at	ADP
aijssr-330	230	48	10	10	NUM
aijssr-330	230	49	%	%	NOUN
aijssr-330	230	50	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	230	51	table	table	NOUN
aijssr-330	230	52	5	5	NUM
aijssr-330	230	53	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	230	54	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	230	55	granger	granger	PROPN
aijssr-330	230	56	causality	causality	PROPN
aijssr-330	230	57	results	result	NOUN
aijssr-330	230	58	show	show	VERB
aijssr-330	230	59	that	that	SCONJ
aijssr-330	230	60	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	230	61	index	index	NOUN
aijssr-330	230	62	as	as	ADP
aijssr-330	230	63	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	230	64	tendency	tendency	NOUN
aijssr-330	230	65	to	to	PART
aijssr-330	230	66	induce	induce	VERB
aijssr-330	230	67	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	230	68	rate	rate	NOUN
aijssr-330	230	69	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	230	70	debt	debt	NOUN
aijssr-330	230	71	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	230	72	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	230	73	country	country	NOUN
aijssr-330	230	74	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	230	75	while	while	SCONJ
aijssr-330	230	76	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	230	77	causality	causality	NOUN
aijssr-330	230	78	is	be	AUX
aijssr-330	230	79	also	also	ADV
aijssr-330	230	80	run	run	VERB
aijssr-330	230	81	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	230	82	opposite	opposite	ADJ
aijssr-330	230	83	direction	direction	NOUN
aijssr-330	230	84	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	231	1	this	this	PRON
aijssr-330	231	2	implies	imply	VERB
aijssr-330	231	3	that	that	SCONJ
aijssr-330	231	4	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	231	5	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	231	6	model	model	NOUN
aijssr-330	231	7	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	231	8	i	i	NOUN
aijssr-330	231	9	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	231	10	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	231	11	there	there	PRON
aijssr-330	231	12	is	be	VERB
aijssr-330	231	13	bi	bi	ADJ
aijssr-330	231	14	-	-	ADJ
aijssr-330	231	15	directional	directional	ADJ
aijssr-330	231	16	causality	causality	NOUN
aijssr-330	231	17	between	between	ADP
aijssr-330	231	18	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	231	19	index	index	NOUN
aijssr-330	231	20	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	231	21	public	public	ADJ
aijssr-330	231	22	debt	debt	NOUN
aijssr-330	231	23	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	232	1	however	however	ADV
aijssr-330	232	2	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	232	3	both	both	DET
aijssr-330	232	4	control	control	NOUN
aijssr-330	232	5	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	232	6	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	232	7	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	232	8	government	government	NOUN
aijssr-330	232	9	debt	debt	NOUN
aijssr-330	232	10	do	do	AUX
aijssr-330	232	11	not	not	PART
aijssr-330	232	12	granger	granger	VERB
aijssr-330	232	13	cause	cause	VERB
aijssr-330	232	14	each	each	DET
aijssr-330	232	15	other	other	ADJ
aijssr-330	232	16	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	232	17	model	model	NOUN
aijssr-330	232	18	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	232	19	ii	ii	NOUN
aijssr-330	232	20	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	232	21	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	233	1	these	these	DET
aijssr-330	233	2	findings	finding	NOUN
aijssr-330	233	3	depict	depict	VERB
aijssr-330	233	4	little	little	ADJ
aijssr-330	233	5	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
aijssr-330	233	6	on	on	ADP
aijssr-330	233	7	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	233	8	part	part	NOUN
aijssr-330	233	9	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	233	10	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	233	11	-	-	PUNCT
aijssr-330	233	12	based	base	VERB
aijssr-330	233	13	control	control	NOUN
aijssr-330	233	14	mechanisms	mechanism	NOUN
aijssr-330	233	15	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	233	16	including	include	VERB
aijssr-330	233	17	bureaucratic	bureaucratic	ADJ
aijssr-330	233	18	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	233	19	fiscal	fiscal	ADJ
aijssr-330	233	20	adjustment	adjustment	NOUN
aijssr-330	233	21	mechanisms	mechanism	NOUN
aijssr-330	233	22	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	234	1	one	one	NUM
aijssr-330	234	2	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	234	3	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	234	4	main	main	ADJ
aijssr-330	234	5	factors	factor	NOUN
aijssr-330	234	6	that	that	PRON
aijssr-330	234	7	could	could	AUX
aijssr-330	234	8	be	be	AUX
aijssr-330	234	9	responsible	responsible	ADJ
aijssr-330	234	10	for	for	ADP
aijssr-330	234	11	such	such	ADJ
aijssr-330	234	12	ineffectiveness	ineffectiveness	NOUN
aijssr-330	234	13	is	be	AUX
aijssr-330	234	14	that	that	SCONJ
aijssr-330	234	15	public	public	ADJ
aijssr-330	234	16	policies	policy	NOUN
aijssr-330	234	17	’	'	PUNCT
aijssr-330	234	18	enforcement	enforcement	NOUN
aijssr-330	234	19	rate	rate	NOUN
aijssr-330	234	20	may	may	AUX
aijssr-330	234	21	be	be	AUX
aijssr-330	234	22	too	too	ADV
aijssr-330	234	23	low	low	ADJ
aijssr-330	234	24	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	235	1	furthermore	furthermore	ADV
aijssr-330	235	2	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	235	3	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	235	4	entrenchment	entrenchment	NOUN
aijssr-330	235	5	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	235	6	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	235	7	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	235	8	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	235	9	public	public	ADJ
aijssr-330	235	10	sector	sector	NOUN
aijssr-330	235	11	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	235	12	social	social	ADJ
aijssr-330	235	13	misalignment	misalignment	NOUN
aijssr-330	235	14	have	have	AUX
aijssr-330	235	15	led	lead	VERB
aijssr-330	235	16	to	to	ADP
aijssr-330	235	17	a	a	DET
aijssr-330	235	18	litany	litany	NOUN
aijssr-330	235	19	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	235	20	compromising	compromise	VERB
aijssr-330	235	21	corrupt	corrupt	ADJ
aijssr-330	235	22	officials	official	NOUN
aijssr-330	235	23	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	235	24	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	235	25	system	system	NOUN
aijssr-330	235	26	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	235	27	which	which	PRON
aijssr-330	235	28	undermine	undermine	VERB
aijssr-330	235	29	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	235	30	application	application	NOUN
aijssr-330	235	31	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	235	32	governance	governance	NOUN
aijssr-330	235	33	principles	principle	NOUN
aijssr-330	235	34	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	235	35	support	support	NOUN
aijssr-330	235	36	for	for	ADP
aijssr-330	235	37	long	long	ADJ
aijssr-330	235	38	-	-	PUNCT
aijssr-330	235	39	term	term	NOUN
aijssr-330	235	40	strategic	strategic	ADJ
aijssr-330	235	41	monitoring	monitoring	NOUN
aijssr-330	235	42	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	236	1	5	5	X
aijssr-330	236	2	.	.	X
aijssr-330	236	3	concluding	conclude	VERB
aijssr-330	236	4	remarks	remark	NOUN
aijssr-330	236	5	it	it	PRON
aijssr-330	236	6	is	be	AUX
aijssr-330	236	7	increasingly	increasingly	ADV
aijssr-330	236	8	recognized	recognize	VERB
aijssr-330	236	9	that	that	SCONJ
aijssr-330	236	10	good	good	ADJ
aijssr-330	236	11	understanding	understanding	NOUN
aijssr-330	236	12	on	on	ADP
aijssr-330	236	13	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	236	14	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	236	15	-	-	PUNCT
aijssr-330	236	16	related	relate	VERB
aijssr-330	236	17	causes	cause	NOUN
aijssr-330	236	18	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	236	19	remedies	remedy	NOUN
aijssr-330	236	20	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	236	21	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	236	22	modern	modern	ADJ
aijssr-330	236	23	fiscal	fiscal	ADJ
aijssr-330	236	24	crisis	crisis	NOUN
aijssr-330	236	25	would	would	AUX
aijssr-330	236	26	bolster	bolster	VERB
aijssr-330	236	27	informed	informed	ADJ
aijssr-330	236	28	decisions	decision	NOUN
aijssr-330	236	29	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	236	30	key	key	ADJ
aijssr-330	236	31	governance	governance	NOUN
aijssr-330	236	32	standards	standard	NOUN
aijssr-330	236	33	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	237	1	many	many	ADJ
aijssr-330	237	2	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	237	3	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	237	4	governance	governance	NOUN
aijssr-330	237	5	weaknesses	weakness	NOUN
aijssr-330	237	6	have	have	AUX
aijssr-330	237	7	been	be	AUX
aijssr-330	237	8	exacerbated	exacerbate	VERB
aijssr-330	237	9	by	by	ADP
aijssr-330	237	10	ingrained	ingrain	VERB
aijssr-330	237	11	fiscal	fiscal	ADJ
aijssr-330	237	12	indiscipline	indiscipline	NOUN
aijssr-330	237	13	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	237	14	lack	lack	NOUN
aijssr-330	237	15	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	237	16	effective	effective	ADJ
aijssr-330	237	17	bureaucratic	bureaucratic	ADJ
aijssr-330	237	18	provisions	provision	NOUN
aijssr-330	237	19	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	238	1	these	these	DET
aijssr-330	238	2	concerns	concern	NOUN
aijssr-330	238	3	necessitate	necessitate	ADJ
aijssr-330	238	4	ongoing	ongoing	ADJ
aijssr-330	238	5	research	research	NOUN
aijssr-330	238	6	efforts	effort	NOUN
aijssr-330	238	7	aimed	aim	VERB
aijssr-330	238	8	at	at	ADP
aijssr-330	238	9	galvanizing	galvanize	VERB
aijssr-330	238	10	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	238	11	best	good	ADJ
aijssr-330	238	12	compilation	compilation	NOUN
aijssr-330	238	13	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	238	14	perspectives	perspective	NOUN
aijssr-330	238	15	on	on	ADP
aijssr-330	238	16	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	238	17	role	role	NOUN
aijssr-330	238	18	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	238	19	public	public	ADJ
aijssr-330	238	20	institutions	institution	NOUN
aijssr-330	238	21	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	238	22	debt	debt	NOUN
aijssr-330	238	23	accumulation	accumulation	NOUN
aijssr-330	238	24	process	process	NOUN
aijssr-330	238	25	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	239	1	hence	hence	ADV
aijssr-330	239	2	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	239	3	this	this	DET
aijssr-330	239	4	study	study	NOUN
aijssr-330	239	5	examines	examine	VERB
aijssr-330	239	6	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	239	7	long	long	ADJ
aijssr-330	239	8	run	run	NOUN
aijssr-330	239	9	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	239	10	short	short	ADJ
aijssr-330	239	11	run	run	NOUN
aijssr-330	239	12	effect	effect	NOUN
aijssr-330	239	13	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	239	14	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	239	15	on	on	ADP
aijssr-330	239	16	public	public	ADJ
aijssr-330	239	17	debt	debt	NOUN
aijssr-330	239	18	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	239	19	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
aijssr-330	239	20	over	over	ADP
aijssr-330	239	21	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	239	22	period	period	NOUN
aijssr-330	239	23	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	239	24	1996	1996	NUM
aijssr-330	239	25	to	to	ADP
aijssr-330	239	26	2017	2017	NUM
aijssr-330	239	27	using	use	VERB
aijssr-330	239	28	ardl	ardl	NOUN
aijssr-330	239	29	bound	bind	VERB
aijssr-330	239	30	test	test	NOUN
aijssr-330	239	31	to	to	PART
aijssr-330	239	32	cointegration	cointegration	VERB
aijssr-330	239	33	analysis	analysis	NOUN
aijssr-330	239	34	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	240	1	while	while	SCONJ
aijssr-330	240	2	pairwise	pairwise	PROPN
aijssr-330	240	3	granger	granger	PROPN
aijssr-330	240	4	causality	causality	PROPN
aijssr-330	240	5	test	test	NOUN
aijssr-330	240	6	was	be	AUX
aijssr-330	240	7	applied	apply	VERB
aijssr-330	240	8	to	to	PART
aijssr-330	240	9	know	know	VERB
aijssr-330	240	10	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	240	11	causal	causal	ADJ
aijssr-330	240	12	direction	direction	NOUN
aijssr-330	240	13	between	between	ADP
aijssr-330	240	14	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	240	15	indicators	indicator	NOUN
aijssr-330	240	16	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	240	17	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	240	18	index	index	NOUN
aijssr-330	240	19	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	240	20	control	control	NOUN
aijssr-330	240	21	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	240	22	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	240	23	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	240	24	public	public	ADJ
aijssr-330	240	25	debt	debt	NOUN
aijssr-330	240	26	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	240	27	other	other	ADJ
aijssr-330	240	28	significant	significant	ADJ
aijssr-330	240	29	tests	test	NOUN
aijssr-330	240	30	were	be	AUX
aijssr-330	240	31	also	also	ADV
aijssr-330	240	32	checked	check	VERB
aijssr-330	240	33	for	for	ADP
aijssr-330	240	34	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	241	1	new	new	ADJ
aijssr-330	241	2	empirical	empirical	ADJ
aijssr-330	241	3	evidence	evidence	NOUN
aijssr-330	241	4	documented	document	VERB
aijssr-330	241	5	reveals	reveal	VERB
aijssr-330	241	6	that	that	SCONJ
aijssr-330	241	7	both	both	DET
aijssr-330	241	8	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	241	9	index	index	NOUN
aijssr-330	241	10	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	241	11	control	control	NOUN
aijssr-330	241	12	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	241	13	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	241	14	have	have	VERB
aijssr-330	241	15	an	an	DET
aijssr-330	241	16	insignificant	insignificant	ADJ
aijssr-330	241	17	adverse	adverse	ADJ
aijssr-330	241	18	effect	effect	NOUN
aijssr-330	241	19	on	on	ADP
aijssr-330	241	20	public	public	ADJ
aijssr-330	241	21	debt	debt	NOUN
aijssr-330	241	22	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	241	23	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	241	24	long	long	ADJ
aijssr-330	241	25	run	run	NOUN
aijssr-330	241	26	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	241	27	but	but	CCONJ
aijssr-330	241	28	with	with	ADP
aijssr-330	241	29	a	a	DET
aijssr-330	241	30	significant	significant	ADJ
aijssr-330	241	31	influence	influence	NOUN
aijssr-330	241	32	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	241	33	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	241	34	short	short	ADJ
aijssr-330	241	35	run	run	NOUN
aijssr-330	241	36	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	242	1	considering	consider	VERB
aijssr-330	242	2	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	242	3	long	long	ADJ
aijssr-330	242	4	-	-	PUNCT
aijssr-330	242	5	term	term	NOUN
aijssr-330	242	6	implication	implication	NOUN
aijssr-330	242	7	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	242	8	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	242	9	current	current	ADJ
aijssr-330	242	10	anti	anti	ADJ
aijssr-330	242	11	-	-	ADJ
aijssr-330	242	12	corruption	corruption	ADJ
aijssr-330	242	13	efforts	effort	NOUN
aijssr-330	242	14	might	might	AUX
aijssr-330	242	15	not	not	PART
aijssr-330	242	16	be	be	AUX
aijssr-330	242	17	well	well	ADV
aijssr-330	242	18	suited	suited	ADJ
aijssr-330	242	19	to	to	ADP
aijssr-330	242	20	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	242	21	improvement	improvement	NOUN
aijssr-330	242	22	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	242	23	public	public	ADJ
aijssr-330	242	24	debt	debt	NOUN
aijssr-330	242	25	management	management	NOUN
aijssr-330	242	26	strategy	strategy	NOUN
aijssr-330	242	27	or	or	CCONJ
aijssr-330	242	28	perhaps	perhaps	ADV
aijssr-330	242	29	ineffective	ineffective	ADJ
aijssr-330	242	30	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	242	31	enhancing	enhance	VERB
aijssr-330	242	32	strategic	strategic	ADJ
aijssr-330	242	33	monitoring	monitoring	NOUN
aijssr-330	242	34	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	242	35	sustainable	sustainable	ADJ
aijssr-330	242	36	fiscal	fiscal	ADJ
aijssr-330	242	37	standards	standard	NOUN
aijssr-330	242	38	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	243	1	thus	thus	ADV
aijssr-330	243	2	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	243	3	entrenched	entrenched	ADJ
aijssr-330	243	4	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	243	5	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	243	6	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	243	7	public	public	ADJ
aijssr-330	243	8	sector	sector	NOUN
aijssr-330	243	9	may	may	AUX
aijssr-330	243	10	widen	widen	VERB
aijssr-330	243	11	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	243	12	structural	structural	ADJ
aijssr-330	243	13	gaps	gap	NOUN
aijssr-330	243	14	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	244	1	nonetheless	nonetheless	ADV
aijssr-330	244	2	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	244	3	it	it	PRON
aijssr-330	244	4	is	be	AUX
aijssr-330	244	5	emphasized	emphasize	VERB
aijssr-330	244	6	that	that	SCONJ
aijssr-330	244	7	effective	effective	ADJ
aijssr-330	244	8	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	244	9	control	control	NOUN
aijssr-330	244	10	measures	measure	NOUN
aijssr-330	244	11	could	could	AUX
aijssr-330	244	12	mitigate	mitigate	VERB
aijssr-330	244	13	spiralling	spiral	VERB
aijssr-330	244	14	incidence	incidence	NOUN
aijssr-330	244	15	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	244	16	government	government	NOUN
aijssr-330	244	17	debt	debt	NOUN
aijssr-330	244	18	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	245	1	more	more	ADJ
aijssr-330	245	2	findings	finding	NOUN
aijssr-330	245	3	from	from	ADP
aijssr-330	245	4	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	245	5	analysis	analysis	NOUN
aijssr-330	245	6	indicate	indicate	VERB
aijssr-330	245	7	that	that	SCONJ
aijssr-330	245	8	there	there	PRON
aijssr-330	245	9	exists	exist	VERB
aijssr-330	245	10	bi	bi	ADJ
aijssr-330	245	11	-	-	ADJ
aijssr-330	245	12	directional	directional	ADJ
aijssr-330	245	13	causality	causality	NOUN
aijssr-330	245	14	between	between	ADP
aijssr-330	245	15	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	245	16	index	index	NOUN
aijssr-330	245	17	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	245	18	public	public	ADJ
aijssr-330	245	19	debt	debt	NOUN
aijssr-330	245	20	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	245	21	whereas	whereas	SCONJ
aijssr-330	245	22	none	none	NOUN
aijssr-330	245	23	is	be	AUX
aijssr-330	245	24	found	find	VERB
aijssr-330	245	25	between	between	ADP
aijssr-330	245	26	control	control	NOUN
aijssr-330	245	27	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	245	28	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	245	29	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	245	30	public	public	ADJ
aijssr-330	245	31	debt	debt	NOUN
aijssr-330	245	32	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	246	1	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	246	2	study	study	NOUN
aijssr-330	246	3	suggests	suggest	VERB
aijssr-330	246	4	that	that	SCONJ
aijssr-330	246	5	strong	strong	ADJ
aijssr-330	246	6	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	246	7	-	-	PUNCT
aijssr-330	246	8	based	base	VERB
aijssr-330	246	9	control	control	NOUN
aijssr-330	246	10	mechanisms	mechanism	NOUN
aijssr-330	246	11	are	be	AUX
aijssr-330	246	12	fundamentals	fundamental	NOUN
aijssr-330	246	13	to	to	ADP
aijssr-330	246	14	decreasing	decrease	VERB
aijssr-330	246	15	fiscal	fiscal	ADJ
aijssr-330	246	16	deficits	deficit	NOUN
aijssr-330	246	17	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	246	18	debt	debt	NOUN
aijssr-330	246	19	reduction	reduction	NOUN
aijssr-330	246	20	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	247	1	on	on	ADP
aijssr-330	247	2	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	247	3	contrary	contrary	ADJ
aijssr-330	247	4	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	247	5	fiscal	fiscal	ADJ
aijssr-330	247	6	imprudence	imprudence	NOUN
aijssr-330	247	7	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	247	8	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	247	9	rising	rise	VERB
aijssr-330	247	10	incidence	incidence	NOUN
aijssr-330	247	11	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	247	12	indebtedness	indebtedness	NOUN
aijssr-330	247	13	could	could	AUX
aijssr-330	247	14	be	be	AUX
aijssr-330	247	15	worsened	worsen	VERB
aijssr-330	247	16	by	by	ADP
aijssr-330	247	17	large	large	ADJ
aijssr-330	247	18	–	–	PUNCT
aijssr-330	247	19	scale	scale	NOUN
aijssr-330	247	20	government	government	NOUN
aijssr-330	247	21	expenditures	expenditure	NOUN
aijssr-330	247	22	on	on	ADP
aijssr-330	247	23	unsustainable	unsustainable	ADJ
aijssr-330	247	24	projects	project	NOUN
aijssr-330	247	25	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	248	1	overall	overall	ADV
aijssr-330	248	2	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	248	3	a	a	DET
aijssr-330	248	4	significant	significant	ADJ
aijssr-330	248	5	insight	insight	NOUN
aijssr-330	248	6	distills	distill	VERB
aijssr-330	248	7	from	from	ADP
aijssr-330	248	8	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	248	9	findings	finding	NOUN
aijssr-330	248	10	is	be	AUX
aijssr-330	248	11	that	that	SCONJ
aijssr-330	248	12	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	248	13	goal	goal	NOUN
aijssr-330	248	14	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	248	15	attaining	attain	VERB
aijssr-330	248	16	global	global	ADJ
aijssr-330	248	17	financial	financial	ADJ
aijssr-330	248	18	stability	stability	NOUN
aijssr-330	248	19	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	248	20	fiscal	fiscal	ADJ
aijssr-330	248	21	sustainability	sustainability	NOUN
aijssr-330	248	22	through	through	ADP
aijssr-330	248	23	sound	sound	ADJ
aijssr-330	248	24	regulatory	regulatory	ADJ
aijssr-330	248	25	framework	framework	NOUN
aijssr-330	248	26	has	have	AUX
aijssr-330	248	27	embodied	embody	VERB
aijssr-330	248	28	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	248	29	provisions	provision	NOUN
aijssr-330	248	30	that	that	PRON
aijssr-330	248	31	enhance	enhance	VERB
aijssr-330	248	32	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	248	33	-	-	PUNCT
aijssr-330	248	34	reducing	reduce	VERB
aijssr-330	248	35	measures	measure	NOUN
aijssr-330	248	36	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	248	37	institutional	institutional	ADJ
aijssr-330	248	38	standards	standard	NOUN
aijssr-330	248	39	to	to	PART
aijssr-330	248	40	curb	curb	VERB
aijssr-330	248	41	persistent	persistent	ADJ
aijssr-330	248	42	debt	debt	NOUN
aijssr-330	248	43	accumulation	accumulation	NOUN
aijssr-330	248	44	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	249	1	references	reference	NOUN
aijssr-330	249	2	adewale	adewale	PROPN
aijssr-330	249	3	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	249	4	s.	s.	PROPN
aijssr-330	249	5	b.	b.	PROPN
aijssr-330	249	6	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	249	7	2011	2011	NUM
aijssr-330	249	8	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	249	9	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	250	1	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	250	2	crowding	crowd	VERB
aijssr-330	250	3	-	-	PUNCT
aijssr-330	250	4	out	out	ADP
aijssr-330	250	5	effects	effect	NOUN
aijssr-330	250	6	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	250	7	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	250	8	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	250	9	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
aijssr-330	250	10	:	:	PUNCT
aijssr-330	250	11	an	an	DET
aijssr-330	250	12	empirical	empirical	ADJ
aijssr-330	250	13	study	study	NOUN
aijssr-330	250	14	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	251	1	journal	journal	PROPN
aijssr-330	251	2	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	251	3	business	business	NOUN
aijssr-330	251	4	management	management	NOUN
aijssr-330	251	5	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	251	6	economics	economic	NOUN
aijssr-330	251	7	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	251	8	2(2	2(2	NUM
aijssr-330	251	9	):	):	PUNCT
aijssr-330	251	10	059	059	NUM
aijssr-330	251	11	-	-	SYM
aijssr-330	251	12	068	068	NUM
aijssr-330	251	13	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	252	1	arusha	arusha	PROPN
aijssr-330	252	2	c.	c.	PROPN
aijssr-330	252	3	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	252	4	&	&	CCONJ
aijssr-330	252	5	friedrich	friedrich	PROPN
aijssr-330	252	6	s.	s.	PROPN
aijssr-330	252	7	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	252	8	2013	2013	NUM
aijssr-330	252	9	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	252	10	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	253	1	how	how	SCONJ
aijssr-330	253	2	does	do	AUX
aijssr-330	253	3	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	253	4	affect	affect	VERB
aijssr-330	253	5	public	public	ADJ
aijssr-330	253	6	debt	debt	NOUN
aijssr-330	253	7	?	?	PUNCT
aijssr-330	254	1	working	work	VERB
aijssr-330	254	2	paper	paper	NOUN
aijssr-330	254	3	no	no	INTJ
aijssr-330	254	4	.	.	PROPN
aijssr-330	255	1	1322	1322	NUM
aijssr-330	255	2	december	december	PROPN
aijssr-330	255	3	2013	2013	NUM
aijssr-330	255	4	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	256	1	arusha	arusha	PROPN
aijssr-330	256	2	c.	c.	PROPN
aijssr-330	256	3	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	256	4	ratbek	ratbek	PROPN
aijssr-330	256	5	d.	d.	PROPN
aijssr-330	256	6	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	256	7	&	&	CCONJ
aijssr-330	256	8	friedrich	friedrich	PROPN
aijssr-330	256	9	s.	s.	PROPN
aijssr-330	256	10	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	256	11	2017	2017	NUM
aijssr-330	256	12	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	256	13	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	257	1	how	how	SCONJ
aijssr-330	257	2	does	do	AUX
aijssr-330	257	3	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	257	4	affect	affect	VERB
aijssr-330	257	5	public	public	ADJ
aijssr-330	257	6	debt	debt	NOUN
aijssr-330	257	7	?	?	PUNCT
aijssr-330	258	1	world	world	NOUN
aijssr-330	258	2	development	development	PROPN
aijssr-330	258	3	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	258	4	90	90	NUM
aijssr-330	258	5	:	:	SYM
aijssr-330	258	6	115	115	NUM
aijssr-330	258	7	-	-	SYM
aijssr-330	258	8	127	127	NUM
aijssr-330	258	9	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	259	1	bailey	bailey	PROPN
aijssr-330	259	2	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	259	3	s.j	s.j	PROPN
aijssr-330	259	4	.	.	PROPN
aijssr-330	259	5	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	259	6	2004	2004	NUM
aijssr-330	259	7	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	259	8	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	260	1	structural	structural	ADJ
aijssr-330	260	2	gaps	gap	NOUN
aijssr-330	260	3	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	260	4	public	public	ADJ
aijssr-330	260	5	finance	finance	NOUN
aijssr-330	260	6	:	:	PUNCT
aijssr-330	260	7	strategic	strategic	ADJ
aijssr-330	260	8	public	public	ADJ
aijssr-330	260	9	finance	finance	NOUN
aijssr-330	260	10	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	261	1	179	179	NUM
aijssr-330	261	2	-	-	SYM
aijssr-330	261	3	180	180	NUM
aijssr-330	261	4	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	262	1	benfratello	benfratello	PROPN
aijssr-330	262	2	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	262	3	l.	l.	PROPN
aijssr-330	262	4	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	262	5	del	del	PROPN
aijssr-330	262	6	monte	monte	PROPN
aijssr-330	262	7	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	262	8	a.	a.	PROPN
aijssr-330	262	9	&	&	CCONJ
aijssr-330	262	10	pennacchio	pennacchio	PROPN
aijssr-330	262	11	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	262	12	l.	l.	PROPN
aijssr-330	262	13	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	262	14	2018	2018	NUM
aijssr-330	262	15	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	262	16	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	263	1	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	263	2	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	263	3	public	public	ADJ
aijssr-330	263	4	debt	debt	NOUN
aijssr-330	263	5	:	:	PUNCT
aijssr-330	263	6	a	a	DET
aijssr-330	263	7	cross	cross	ADJ
aijssr-330	263	8	-	-	ADJ
aijssr-330	263	9	country	country	ADJ
aijssr-330	263	10	analysis	analysis	NOUN
aijssr-330	263	11	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	264	1	applied	apply	VERB
aijssr-330	264	2	economics	economic	NOUN
aijssr-330	264	3	letters	letter	NOUN
aijssr-330	264	4	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	264	5	25(5	25(5	NUM
aijssr-330	264	6	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	264	7	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	264	8	340	340	NUM
aijssr-330	264	9	-	-	SYM
aijssr-330	264	10	344	344	NUM
aijssr-330	264	11	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	264	12	doi	doi	NOUN
aijssr-330	264	13	:	:	PUNCT
aijssr-330	264	14	10.1080/13504851.2017.1321831	10.1080/13504851.2017.1321831	NUM
aijssr-330	264	15	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	264	16	buehn	buehn	PROPN
aijssr-330	264	17	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	264	18	a.	a.	NOUN
aijssr-330	264	19	&	&	CCONJ
aijssr-330	264	20	schneider	schneider	PROPN
aijssr-330	264	21	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	264	22	f.	f.	PROPN
aijssr-330	264	23	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	264	24	2009	2009	NUM
aijssr-330	264	25	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	264	26	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	265	1	shadow	shadow	NOUN
aijssr-330	265	2	economies	economy	NOUN
aijssr-330	265	3	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	265	4	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	265	5	all	all	ADV
aijssr-330	265	6	over	over	ADP
aijssr-330	265	7	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	265	8	world	world	NOUN
aijssr-330	265	9	:	:	PUNCT
aijssr-330	265	10	revised	revise	VERB
aijssr-330	265	11	estimates	estimate	NOUN
aijssr-330	265	12	for	for	ADP
aijssr-330	265	13	120	120	NUM
aijssr-330	265	14	countries	country	NOUN
aijssr-330	265	15	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	266	1	economics	economic	NOUN
aijssr-330	266	2	:	:	PUNCT
aijssr-330	266	3	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	266	4	open	open	ADJ
aijssr-330	266	5	-	-	PUNCT
aijssr-330	266	6	access	access	NOUN
aijssr-330	266	7	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	266	8	open	open	ADJ
aijssr-330	266	9	-	-	PUNCT
aijssr-330	266	10	assessment	assessment	NOUN
aijssr-330	266	11	e	e	NOUN
aijssr-330	266	12	-	-	NOUN
aijssr-330	266	13	journal	journal	NOUN
aijssr-330	266	14	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	266	15	1	1	NUM
aijssr-330	266	16	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	266	17	2007	2007	NUM
aijssr-330	266	18	-	-	SYM
aijssr-330	266	19	9	9	NUM
aijssr-330	266	20	):	):	PUNCT
aijssr-330	266	21	1–53	1–53	NOUN
aijssr-330	266	22	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	266	23	version	version	NOUN
aijssr-330	266	24	2	2	NUM
aijssr-330	266	25	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	266	26	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	267	1	http://dx.doi.org/10.5018/economics-ejournal.ja.2007-9	http://dx.doi.org/10.5018/economics-ejournal.ja.2007-9	PROPN
aijssr-330	267	2	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	268	1	butler	butler	PROPN
aijssr-330	268	2	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	268	3	a.	a.	PROPN
aijssr-330	268	4	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	268	5	fauver	fauver	PROPN
aijssr-330	268	6	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	268	7	l.	l.	NOUN
aijssr-330	268	8	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	268	9	mortal	mortal	ADJ
aijssr-330	268	10	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	268	11	s.	s.	PROPN
aijssr-330	268	12	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	268	13	2009	2009	NUM
aijssr-330	268	14	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	268	15	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	269	1	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	269	2	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	269	3	municipal	municipal	ADJ
aijssr-330	269	4	connections	connection	NOUN
aijssr-330	269	5	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	269	6	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	269	7	municipal	municipal	ADJ
aijssr-330	269	8	finance	finance	NOUN
aijssr-330	269	9	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	270	1	review	review	NOUN
aijssr-330	270	2	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	270	3	financial	financial	ADJ
aijssr-330	270	4	studies	study	NOUN
aijssr-330	270	5	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	270	6	22(7	22(7	NUM
aijssr-330	270	7	):	):	PUNCT
aijssr-330	270	8	2873	2873	NUM
aijssr-330	270	9	–	–	PUNCT
aijssr-330	270	10	2905	2905	NUM
aijssr-330	270	11	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	271	1	copyright	copyright	NOUN
aijssr-330	271	2	©	©	PROPN
aijssr-330	271	3	cc	cc	PROPN
aijssr-330	271	4	-	-	PUNCT
aijssr-330	271	5	by	by	ADP
aijssr-330	271	6	-	-	PUNCT
aijssr-330	271	7	nc	nc	PROPN
aijssr-330	271	8	2019	2019	NUM
aijssr-330	271	9	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	271	10	cribfb	cribfb	PROPN
aijssr-330	271	11	|	|	ADV
aijssr-330	271	12	aijssr	aijssr	PROPN
aijssr-330	271	13	www.cribfb.com/journal/index.php/aijssr	www.cribfb.com/journal/index.php/aijssr	PROPN
aijssr-330	272	1	american	american	PROPN
aijssr-330	272	2	international	international	PROPN
aijssr-330	272	3	journal	journal	PROPN
aijssr-330	272	4	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	272	5	social	social	ADJ
aijssr-330	272	6	science	science	NOUN
aijssr-330	272	7	research	research	NOUN
aijssr-330	272	8	vol	vol	NOUN
aijssr-330	272	9	.	.	PROPN
aijssr-330	273	1	4	4	NUM
aijssr-330	273	2	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	273	3	no	no	INTJ
aijssr-330	273	4	.	.	NOUN
aijssr-330	273	5	2	2	NUM
aijssr-330	273	6	;	;	PUNCT
aijssr-330	273	7	2019	2019	NUM
aijssr-330	273	8	22	22	NUM
aijssr-330	273	9	cooraya	cooraya	NOUN
aijssr-330	273	10	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	273	11	a.	a.	PROPN
aijssr-330	273	12	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	273	13	dzhumashev	dzhumashev	NOUN
aijssr-330	273	14	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	273	15	r.	r.	PROPN
aijssr-330	273	16	&	&	CCONJ
aijssr-330	273	17	schneider	schneider	PROPN
aijssr-330	273	18	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	273	19	f.	f.	PROPN
aijssr-330	273	20	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	273	21	2017	2017	NUM
aijssr-330	273	22	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	273	23	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	274	1	how	how	SCONJ
aijssr-330	274	2	does	do	AUX
aijssr-330	274	3	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	274	4	affect	affect	VERB
aijssr-330	274	5	public	public	ADJ
aijssr-330	274	6	debt	debt	NOUN
aijssr-330	274	7	?	?	PUNCT
aijssr-330	275	1	an	an	DET
aijssr-330	275	2	empirical	empirical	ADJ
aijssr-330	275	3	analysis	analysis	NOUN
aijssr-330	275	4	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	276	1	world	world	NOUN
aijssr-330	276	2	development	development	PROPN
aijssr-330	276	3	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	276	4	vol	vol	NOUN
aijssr-330	276	5	90	90	NUM
aijssr-330	276	6	:	:	SYM
aijssr-330	276	7	115	115	NUM
aijssr-330	276	8	-	-	SYM
aijssr-330	276	9	127	127	NUM
aijssr-330	276	10	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	276	11	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2016.08.020	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2016.08.020	NUM
aijssr-330	276	12	delavallade	delavallade	NOUN
aijssr-330	276	13	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	276	14	c.	c.	PROPN
aijssr-330	276	15	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	276	16	2006	2006	NUM
aijssr-330	276	17	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	276	18	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	277	1	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	277	2	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	277	3	distribution	distribution	NOUN
aijssr-330	277	4	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	277	5	public	public	ADJ
aijssr-330	277	6	spending	spending	NOUN
aijssr-330	277	7	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	277	8	developing	develop	VERB
aijssr-330	277	9	countries	country	NOUN
aijssr-330	277	10	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	278	1	journal	journal	PROPN
aijssr-330	278	2	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	278	3	economics	economic	NOUN
aijssr-330	278	4	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	278	5	finance	finance	NOUN
aijssr-330	278	6	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	278	7	30	30	NUM
aijssr-330	278	8	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	278	9	2	2	NUM
aijssr-330	278	10	):	):	PUNCT
aijssr-330	278	11	222	222	NUM
aijssr-330	278	12	–	–	SYM
aijssr-330	278	13	39	39	NUM
aijssr-330	278	14	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	279	1	depken	depken	PROPN
aijssr-330	279	2	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	279	3	c.	c.	PROPN
aijssr-330	279	4	a.	a.	PROPN
aijssr-330	279	5	&	&	CCONJ
aijssr-330	279	6	lafountain	lafountain	PROPN
aijssr-330	279	7	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	279	8	c.l	c.l	PROPN
aijssr-330	279	9	.	.	PROPN
aijssr-330	279	10	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	279	11	2006	2006	NUM
aijssr-330	279	12	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	279	13	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	280	1	fiscal	fiscal	ADJ
aijssr-330	280	2	consequences	consequence	NOUN
aijssr-330	280	3	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	280	4	public	public	ADJ
aijssr-330	280	5	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	280	6	:	:	PUNCT
aijssr-330	280	7	empirical	empirical	ADJ
aijssr-330	280	8	evidence	evidence	NOUN
aijssr-330	280	9	from	from	ADP
aijssr-330	280	10	state	state	NOUN
aijssr-330	280	11	bond	bond	NOUN
aijssr-330	280	12	ratings	rating	NOUN
aijssr-330	280	13	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	280	14	public	public	ADJ
aijssr-330	280	15	choice	choice	NOUN
aijssr-330	280	16	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	280	17	126	126	NUM
aijssr-330	280	18	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	280	19	1–2	1–2	NUM
aijssr-330	280	20	):	):	PUNCT
aijssr-330	280	21	75	75	NUM
aijssr-330	280	22	–	–	SYM
aijssr-330	280	23	85	85	NUM
aijssr-330	280	24	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	280	25	dzhumashev	dzhumashev	NOUN
aijssr-330	280	26	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	280	27	r.	r.	PROPN
aijssr-330	280	28	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	280	29	2014a	2014a	NUM
aijssr-330	280	30	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	280	31	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	281	1	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	281	2	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	281	3	growth	growth	NOUN
aijssr-330	281	4	:	:	PUNCT
aijssr-330	281	5	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	281	6	role	role	NOUN
aijssr-330	281	7	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	281	8	governance	governance	NOUN
aijssr-330	281	9	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	281	10	public	public	ADJ
aijssr-330	281	11	spending	spending	NOUN
aijssr-330	281	12	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	281	13	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	281	14	economic	economic	ADJ
aijssr-330	281	15	development	development	NOUN
aijssr-330	281	16	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	282	1	economic	economic	ADJ
aijssr-330	282	2	modelling	modelling	NOUN
aijssr-330	282	3	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	282	4	37	37	NUM
aijssr-330	282	5	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	282	6	issue	issue	NOUN
aijssr-330	282	7	c	c	NOUN
aijssr-330	282	8	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	282	9	202	202	NUM
aijssr-330	282	10	-	-	SYM
aijssr-330	282	11	215	215	NUM
aijssr-330	282	12	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	282	13	dzhumashev	dzhumashev	NOUN
aijssr-330	282	14	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	282	15	r.	r.	PROPN
aijssr-330	282	16	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	282	17	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	282	18	2014b	2014b	NUM
aijssr-330	282	19	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	282	20	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	283	1	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	283	2	two	two	NUM
aijssr-330	283	3	-	-	PUNCT
aijssr-330	283	4	way	way	NOUN
aijssr-330	283	5	relationship	relationship	NOUN
aijssr-330	283	6	between	between	ADP
aijssr-330	283	7	government	government	NOUN
aijssr-330	283	8	spending	spending	NOUN
aijssr-330	283	9	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	283	10	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	283	11	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	283	12	its	its	PRON
aijssr-330	283	13	effects	effect	NOUN
aijssr-330	283	14	on	on	ADP
aijssr-330	283	15	economic	economic	ADJ
aijssr-330	283	16	growth	growth	NOUN
aijssr-330	283	17	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	284	1	contemporary	contemporary	ADJ
aijssr-330	284	2	economic	economic	ADJ
aijssr-330	284	3	policy	policy	NOUN
aijssr-330	284	4	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	284	5	32	32	NUM
aijssr-330	284	6	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	284	7	403	403	NUM
aijssr-330	284	8	-	-	SYM
aijssr-330	284	9	419	419	NUM
aijssr-330	284	10	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	285	1	engle	engle	PROPN
aijssr-330	285	2	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	285	3	r.f	r.f	PROPN
aijssr-330	285	4	.	.	PROPN
aijssr-330	285	5	&	&	CCONJ
aijssr-330	285	6	granger	granger	PROPN
aijssr-330	285	7	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	285	8	c.j	c.j	PROPN
aijssr-330	285	9	.	.	PROPN
aijssr-330	285	10	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	285	11	1987	1987	NUM
aijssr-330	285	12	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	285	13	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	286	1	cointegration	cointegration	NOUN
aijssr-330	286	2	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	286	3	error	error	NOUN
aijssr-330	286	4	-	-	PUNCT
aijssr-330	286	5	correction	correction	NOUN
aijssr-330	286	6	-	-	PUNCT
aijssr-330	286	7	representation	representation	NOUN
aijssr-330	286	8	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	286	9	estimation	estimation	NOUN
aijssr-330	286	10	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	286	11	testing	testing	NOUN
aijssr-330	286	12	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	287	1	econometrica	econometrica	PROPN
aijssr-330	287	2	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	287	3	55	55	NUM
aijssr-330	287	4	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	287	5	pp	pp	ADJ
aijssr-330	287	6	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	288	1	251–278	251–278	NUM
aijssr-330	288	2	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	289	1	friedman	friedman	PROPN
aijssr-330	289	2	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	289	3	e.	e.	PROPN
aijssr-330	289	4	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	289	5	johnson	johnson	PROPN
aijssr-330	289	6	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	289	7	s.	s.	PROPN
aijssr-330	289	8	&	&	CCONJ
aijssr-330	289	9	kaufmann	kaufmann	PROPN
aijssr-330	289	10	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	289	11	d.	d.	PROPN
aijssr-330	289	12	&	&	CCONJ
aijssr-330	289	13	zoido	zoido	PROPN
aijssr-330	289	14	-	-	PUNCT
aijssr-330	289	15	lobaton	lobaton	PROPN
aijssr-330	289	16	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	289	17	p.	p.	NOUN
aijssr-330	289	18	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	289	19	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	289	20	2000	2000	NUM
aijssr-330	289	21	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	289	22	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	290	1	dodging	dodge	VERB
aijssr-330	290	2	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	290	3	grabbing	grab	VERB
aijssr-330	290	4	hand	hand	NOUN
aijssr-330	290	5	:	:	PUNCT
aijssr-330	290	6	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	290	7	determinants	determinant	NOUN
aijssr-330	290	8	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	290	9	unofficial	unofficial	ADJ
aijssr-330	290	10	activity	activity	NOUN
aijssr-330	290	11	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	290	12	69	69	NUM
aijssr-330	290	13	countries	country	NOUN
aijssr-330	290	14	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	291	1	journal	journal	NOUN
aijssr-330	291	2	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	291	3	public	public	ADJ
aijssr-330	291	4	economics	economic	NOUN
aijssr-330	291	5	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	291	6	elsevier	elsevier	NOUN
aijssr-330	291	7	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	291	8	76(3	76(3	PROPN
aijssr-330	291	9	):	):	PUNCT
aijssr-330	291	10	459	459	NUM
aijssr-330	291	11	-	-	SYM
aijssr-330	291	12	493	493	NUM
aijssr-330	291	13	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	292	1	grechyna	grechyna	NOUN
aijssr-330	292	2	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	292	3	d.	d.	PROPN
aijssr-330	292	4	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	292	5	2012	2012	NUM
aijssr-330	292	6	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	292	7	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	293	1	public	public	ADJ
aijssr-330	293	2	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	293	3	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	293	4	public	public	ADJ
aijssr-330	293	5	debt	debt	NOUN
aijssr-330	293	6	:	:	PUNCT
aijssr-330	293	7	some	some	DET
aijssr-330	293	8	empirical	empirical	ADJ
aijssr-330	293	9	evidence	evidence	NOUN
aijssr-330	293	10	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	294	1	http://papers.ssrn.com/s013/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2052974	http://papers.ssrn.com/s013/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2052974	PROPN
aijssr-330	295	1	[	[	X
aijssr-330	295	2	accessed	access	VERB
aijssr-330	295	3	november	november	PROPN
aijssr-330	295	4	20	20	NUM
aijssr-330	295	5	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	295	6	2016	2016	NUM
aijssr-330	295	7	]	]	PUNCT
aijssr-330	295	8	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	296	1	gupta	gupta	PROPN
aijssr-330	296	2	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	296	3	s.	s.	PROPN
aijssr-330	296	4	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	296	5	de	de	PROPN
aijssr-330	296	6	mello	mello	PROPN
aijssr-330	296	7	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	296	8	l.	l.	PROPN
aijssr-330	296	9	&	&	CCONJ
aijssr-330	296	10	sharan	sharan	PROPN
aijssr-330	296	11	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	296	12	r.	r.	PROPN
aijssr-330	296	13	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	296	14	2001	2001	NUM
aijssr-330	296	15	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	296	16	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	297	1	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	297	2	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	297	3	military	military	ADJ
aijssr-330	297	4	spending	spending	NOUN
aijssr-330	297	5	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	297	6	european	european	PROPN
aijssr-330	297	7	.	.	PROPN
aijssr-330	298	1	journal	journal	PROPN
aijssr-330	298	2	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	298	3	political	political	ADJ
aijssr-330	298	4	economy	economy	NOUN
aijssr-330	298	5	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	299	1	17	17	NUM
aijssr-330	299	2	:	:	PUNCT
aijssr-330	299	3	749	749	NUM
aijssr-330	299	4	–	–	PUNCT
aijssr-330	299	5	77	77	NUM
aijssr-330	299	6	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	300	1	hall	hall	PROPN
aijssr-330	300	2	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	300	3	r.e	r.e	PROPN
aijssr-330	300	4	.	.	PROPN
aijssr-330	300	5	&	&	CCONJ
aijssr-330	300	6	charles	charles	PROPN
aijssr-330	300	7	i.	i.	PROPN
aijssr-330	300	8	jones	jones	PROPN
aijssr-330	300	9	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	300	10	c.i	c.i	PROPN
aijssr-330	300	11	.	.	PROPN
aijssr-330	300	12	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	300	13	1999	1999	NUM
aijssr-330	300	14	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	300	15	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	301	1	why	why	SCONJ
aijssr-330	301	2	do	do	AUX
aijssr-330	301	3	some	some	DET
aijssr-330	301	4	countries	country	NOUN
aijssr-330	301	5	produce	produce	VERB
aijssr-330	301	6	so	so	ADV
aijssr-330	301	7	much	much	ADV
aijssr-330	301	8	more	more	ADJ
aijssr-330	301	9	output	output	NOUN
aijssr-330	301	10	per	per	ADP
aijssr-330	301	11	worker	worker	NOUN
aijssr-330	301	12	than	than	ADP
aijssr-330	301	13	others	other	NOUN
aijssr-330	301	14	?	?	PUNCT
aijssr-330	302	1	quarterly	quarterly	ADJ
aijssr-330	302	2	journal	journal	NOUN
aijssr-330	302	3	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	302	4	economics	economic	NOUN
aijssr-330	302	5	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	302	6	114	114	NUM
aijssr-330	302	7	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	302	8	1	1	NUM
aijssr-330	302	9	):	):	PUNCT
aijssr-330	302	10	83	83	NUM
aijssr-330	302	11	–	–	SYM
aijssr-330	302	12	116	116	NUM
aijssr-330	302	13	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	303	1	haug	haug	NOUN
aijssr-330	303	2	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	303	3	a.	a.	NOUN
aijssr-330	303	4	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	303	5	2002	2002	NUM
aijssr-330	303	6	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	303	7	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	304	1	temporal	temporal	ADJ
aijssr-330	304	2	aggregation	aggregation	NOUN
aijssr-330	304	3	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	304	4	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	304	5	power	power	NOUN
aijssr-330	304	6	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	304	7	cointegration	cointegration	NOUN
aijssr-330	304	8	tests	test	NOUN
aijssr-330	304	9	:	:	PUNCT
aijssr-330	304	10	a	a	DET
aijssr-330	304	11	monte	monte	PROPN
aijssr-330	304	12	carlo	carlo	PROPN
aijssr-330	304	13	study	study	PROPN
aijssr-330	304	14	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	305	1	oxford	oxford	ADJ
aijssr-330	305	2	bulletin	bulletin	NOUN
aijssr-330	305	3	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	305	4	economics	economic	NOUN
aijssr-330	305	5	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	305	6	statistics	statistic	NOUN
aijssr-330	305	7	64	64	NUM
aijssr-330	305	8	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	305	9	399	399	NUM
aijssr-330	305	10	-	-	SYM
aijssr-330	305	11	412	412	NUM
aijssr-330	305	12	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	306	1	johansen	johansen	PROPN
aijssr-330	306	2	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	306	3	s.	s.	PROPN
aijssr-330	306	4	&	&	CCONJ
aijssr-330	306	5	juselius	juselius	PROPN
aijssr-330	306	6	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	306	7	k.	k.	PROPN
aijssr-330	306	8	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	306	9	1990	1990	NUM
aijssr-330	306	10	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	306	11	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	307	1	maximum	maximum	ADJ
aijssr-330	307	2	likelihood	likelihood	NOUN
aijssr-330	307	3	estimation	estimation	NOUN
aijssr-330	307	4	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	307	5	inference	inference	NOUN
aijssr-330	307	6	on	on	ADP
aijssr-330	307	7	cointegration	cointegration	NOUN
aijssr-330	307	8	with	with	ADP
aijssr-330	307	9	application	application	NOUN
aijssr-330	307	10	to	to	ADP
aijssr-330	307	11	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	307	12	demand	demand	NOUN
aijssr-330	307	13	for	for	ADP
aijssr-330	307	14	money	money	NOUN
aijssr-330	307	15	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	308	1	oxford	oxford	ADJ
aijssr-330	308	2	bulletin	bulletin	NOUN
aijssr-330	308	3	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	308	4	economics	economic	NOUN
aijssr-330	308	5	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	308	6	statistics	statistic	NOUN
aijssr-330	308	7	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	308	8	52	52	NUM
aijssr-330	308	9	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	308	10	pp	pp	ADJ
aijssr-330	308	11	.	.	NOUN
aijssr-330	308	12	169	169	NUM
aijssr-330	308	13	–	–	SYM
aijssr-330	308	14	210	210	NUM
aijssr-330	308	15	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	309	1	johansen	johansen	PROPN
aijssr-330	309	2	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	309	3	s.	s.	PROPN
aijssr-330	309	4	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	309	5	1991	1991	NUM
aijssr-330	309	6	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	309	7	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	310	1	estimation	estimation	NOUN
aijssr-330	310	2	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	310	3	hypothesis	hypothesis	NOUN
aijssr-330	310	4	testing	testing	NOUN
aijssr-330	310	5	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	310	6	co	co	NOUN
aijssr-330	310	7	-	-	NOUN
aijssr-330	310	8	integration	integration	NOUN
aijssr-330	310	9	vectors	vector	NOUN
aijssr-330	310	10	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	310	11	gaussian	gaussian	ADJ
aijssr-330	310	12	vector	vector	NOUN
aijssr-330	310	13	autoregressive	autoregressive	ADJ
aijssr-330	310	14	models	model	NOUN
aijssr-330	310	15	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	311	1	econometrica	econometrica	PROPN
aijssr-330	311	2	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	311	3	59	59	NUM
aijssr-330	311	4	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	311	5	pp	pp	ADJ
aijssr-330	311	6	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	311	7	1551	1551	NUM
aijssr-330	311	8	–	–	PUNCT
aijssr-330	311	9	1580	1580	NUM
aijssr-330	311	10	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	312	1	johnson	johnson	PROPN
aijssr-330	312	2	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	312	3	s.	s.	PROPN
aijssr-330	312	4	kaufmann	kaufmann	PROPN
aijssr-330	312	5	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	312	6	d.	d.	PROPN
aijssr-330	312	7	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	312	8	shleifer	shleifer	VERB
aijssr-330	312	9	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	312	10	a.	a.	NOUN
aijssr-330	312	11	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	312	12	1997	1997	NUM
aijssr-330	312	13	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	312	14	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	313	1	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	313	2	unofficial	unofficial	ADJ
aijssr-330	313	3	economy	economy	NOUN
aijssr-330	313	4	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	313	5	transition	transition	NOUN
aijssr-330	313	6	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	314	1	brookings	brookings	PROPN
aijssr-330	314	2	papers	paper	NOUN
aijssr-330	314	3	on	on	ADP
aijssr-330	314	4	economic	economic	ADJ
aijssr-330	314	5	activity	activity	NOUN
aijssr-330	314	6	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	314	7	28	28	NUM
aijssr-330	314	8	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	314	9	2	2	NUM
aijssr-330	314	10	):	):	PUNCT
aijssr-330	314	11	159	159	NUM
aijssr-330	314	12	–	–	SYM
aijssr-330	314	13	240	240	NUM
aijssr-330	314	14	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	315	1	kaufmann	kaufmann	PROPN
aijssr-330	315	2	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	315	3	d.	d.	PROPN
aijssr-330	315	4	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	315	5	2010	2010	NUM
aijssr-330	315	6	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	315	7	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	316	1	can	can	AUX
aijssr-330	316	2	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	316	3	adversely	adversely	ADV
aijssr-330	316	4	affect	affect	VERB
aijssr-330	316	5	public	public	ADJ
aijssr-330	316	6	finances	finance	NOUN
aijssr-330	316	7	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	316	8	industrialized	industrialized	ADJ
aijssr-330	316	9	countries	country	NOUN
aijssr-330	316	10	?	?	PUNCT
aijssr-330	317	1	brookings	brookings	PROPN
aijssr-330	317	2	institution	institution	NOUN
aijssr-330	317	3	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	317	4	april	april	PROPN
aijssr-330	317	5	19	19	NUM
aijssr-330	317	6	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	318	1	https://www	https://www	PROPN
aijssr-330	318	2	.	.	PROPN
aijssr-330	319	1	brookings.edu/opinions/can-corruption-adversely-affect-public-finances-inindustrialized	brookings.edu/opinions/can-corruption-adversely-affect-public-finances-inindustrialize	VERB
aijssr-330	319	2	countries/	countries/	PROPN
aijssr-330	320	1	[	[	X
aijssr-330	320	2	accessed	access	VERB
aijssr-330	320	3	november	november	PROPN
aijssr-330	320	4	20	20	NUM
aijssr-330	320	5	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	320	6	2016	2016	NUM
aijssr-330	320	7	]	]	PUNCT
aijssr-330	320	8	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	321	1	kaufmann	kaufmann	PROPN
aijssr-330	321	2	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	321	3	d.	d.	PROPN
aijssr-330	321	4	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	321	5	kraay	kraay	PROPN
aijssr-330	321	6	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	321	7	a.	a.	NOUN
aijssr-330	321	8	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	321	9	&	&	CCONJ
aijssr-330	321	10	mastruzzi	mastruzzi	PROPN
aijssr-330	321	11	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	322	1	m.	m.	NOUN
aijssr-330	322	2	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	322	3	2010	2010	NUM
aijssr-330	322	4	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	322	5	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	323	1	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	323	2	worldwide	worldwide	ADJ
aijssr-330	323	3	governance	governance	NOUN
aijssr-330	323	4	indicators	indicator	NOUN
aijssr-330	323	5	:	:	PUNCT
aijssr-330	323	6	methodology	methodology	NOUN
aijssr-330	323	7	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	323	8	analytical	analytical	ADJ
aijssr-330	323	9	issues	issue	NOUN
aijssr-330	323	10	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	324	1	available	available	ADJ
aijssr-330	324	2	online	online	ADV
aijssr-330	324	3	:	:	PUNCT
aijssr-330	324	4	www.govindicators.org	www.govindicators.org	X
aijssr-330	324	5	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	324	6	accessed	access	VERB
aijssr-330	324	7	on	on	ADP
aijssr-330	324	8	19	19	NUM
aijssr-330	324	9	april	april	PROPN
aijssr-330	324	10	2016	2016	NUM
aijssr-330	324	11	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	324	12	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	325	1	kraay	kraay	PROPN
aijssr-330	325	2	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	325	3	a.	a.	NOUN
aijssr-330	325	4	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	325	5	zoido	zoido	NOUN
aijssr-330	325	6	-	-	PUNCT
aijssr-330	325	7	lobaton	lobaton	NOUN
aijssr-330	325	8	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	325	9	p.	p.	NOUN
aijssr-330	325	10	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	325	11	kaufmann	kaufmann	PROPN
aijssr-330	325	12	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	325	13	d.	d.	PROPN
aijssr-330	325	14	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	325	15	1999	1999	NUM
aijssr-330	325	16	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	325	17	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	326	1	governance	governance	NOUN
aijssr-330	326	2	matters	matter	NOUN
aijssr-330	326	3	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	327	1	policy	policy	NOUN
aijssr-330	327	2	research	research	NOUN
aijssr-330	327	3	working	working	NOUN
aijssr-330	327	4	paper	paper	NOUN
aijssr-330	327	5	no	no	NOUN
aijssr-330	327	6	.	.	PROPN
aijssr-330	327	7	2196	2196	NUM
aijssr-330	327	8	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	327	9	world	world	NOUN
aijssr-330	327	10	bank	bank	PROPN
aijssr-330	327	11	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	328	1	http://elibrary.worldbank	http://elibrary.worldbank	PROPN
aijssr-330	328	2	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	329	1	org	org	ADJ
aijssr-330	329	2	/	/	SYM
aijssr-330	329	3	doi	doi	NOUN
aijssr-330	329	4	/	/	SYM
aijssr-330	329	5	book/10.1596/1813	book/10.1596/1813	NOUN
aijssr-330	329	6	-	-	PUNCT
aijssr-330	329	7	9450	9450	NUM
aijssr-330	329	8	-	-	SYM
aijssr-330	329	9	2196	2196	NUM
aijssr-330	329	10	[	[	X
aijssr-330	329	11	accessed	access	VERB
aijssr-330	329	12	november	november	PROPN
aijssr-330	329	13	20	20	NUM
aijssr-330	329	14	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	329	15	2016	2016	NUM
aijssr-330	329	16	]	]	PUNCT
aijssr-330	329	17	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	330	1	kumar	kumar	PROPN
aijssr-330	330	2	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	330	3	m.s	m.s	PROPN
aijssr-330	330	4	&	&	CCONJ
aijssr-330	330	5	woo	woo	PROPN
aijssr-330	330	6	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	330	7	j.	j.	PROPN
aijssr-330	330	8	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	330	9	2010	2010	NUM
aijssr-330	330	10	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	330	11	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	331	1	public	public	ADJ
aijssr-330	331	2	debt	debt	NOUN
aijssr-330	331	3	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	331	4	growth	growth	NOUN
aijssr-330	331	5	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	332	1	imf	imf	PROPN
aijssr-330	332	2	working	working	PROPN
aijssr-330	332	3	papers	paper	NOUN
aijssr-330	332	4	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	332	5	no	no	INTJ
aijssr-330	332	6	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	333	1	10/174	10/174	NUM
aijssr-330	333	2	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	333	3	international	international	ADJ
aijssr-330	333	4	monetary	monetary	ADJ
aijssr-330	333	5	fund	fund	NOUN
aijssr-330	333	6	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	334	1	leadership	leadership	PROPN
aijssr-330	334	2	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
aijssr-330	334	3	newspaper	newspaper	PROPN
aijssr-330	334	4	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	334	5	2018	2018	NUM
aijssr-330	334	6	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	334	7	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	335	1	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
aijssr-330	335	2	’s	’s	PART
aijssr-330	335	3	rising	rise	VERB
aijssr-330	335	4	debt	debt	NOUN
aijssr-330	335	5	profile	profile	NOUN
aijssr-330	335	6	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	336	1	liu	liu	PROPN
aijssr-330	336	2	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	336	3	c.	c.	PROPN
aijssr-330	336	4	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	336	5	2017	2017	NUM
aijssr-330	336	6	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	336	7	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	337	1	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	337	2	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	337	3	state	state	NOUN
aijssr-330	337	4	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	337	5	local	local	ADJ
aijssr-330	337	6	government	government	NOUN
aijssr-330	337	7	debt	debt	NOUN
aijssr-330	337	8	expansion	expansion	NOUN
aijssr-330	337	9	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	338	1	public	public	ADJ
aijssr-330	338	2	administration	administration	PROPN
aijssr-330	338	3	review	review	PROPN
aijssr-330	338	4	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	338	5	77	77	NUM
aijssr-330	338	6	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	338	7	5	5	NUM
aijssr-330	338	8	):	):	PUNCT
aijssr-330	338	9	681–690	681–690	NUM
aijssr-330	338	10	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	339	1	liu	liu	PROPN
aijssr-330	339	2	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	339	3	c.	c.	PROPN
aijssr-330	339	4	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	339	5	mikesell	mikesell	PROPN
aijssr-330	339	6	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	339	7	j.l	j.l	PROPN
aijssr-330	339	8	.	.	PROPN
aijssr-330	339	9	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	339	10	2014	2014	NUM
aijssr-330	339	11	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	339	12	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	340	1	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	340	2	impact	impact	NOUN
aijssr-330	340	3	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	340	4	public	public	ADJ
aijssr-330	340	5	officials	official	NOUN
aijssr-330	340	6	’	'	PUNCT
aijssr-330	340	7	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	340	8	on	on	ADP
aijssr-330	340	9	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	340	10	size	size	NOUN
aijssr-330	340	11	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	340	12	allocation	allocation	NOUN
aijssr-330	340	13	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	340	14	u.s	u.s	PROPN
aijssr-330	340	15	.	.	PROPN
aijssr-330	340	16	state	state	NOUN
aijssr-330	340	17	spending	spending	NOUN
aijssr-330	340	18	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	341	1	public	public	ADJ
aijssr-330	341	2	administration	administration	PROPN
aijssr-330	341	3	review	review	NOUN
aijssr-330	341	4	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	341	5	74	74	NUM
aijssr-330	341	6	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	341	7	3	3	NUM
aijssr-330	341	8	):	):	PUNCT
aijssr-330	341	9	346	346	NUM
aijssr-330	341	10	–	–	SYM
aijssr-330	341	11	59	59	NUM
aijssr-330	341	12	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	342	1	luigi	luigi	PROPN
aijssr-330	342	2	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	342	3	b.	b.	PROPN
aijssr-330	342	4	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	342	5	alfredo	alfredo	PROPN
aijssr-330	342	6	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	342	7	d.	d.	PROPN
aijssr-330	342	8	m.	m.	PROPN
aijssr-330	342	9	&	&	CCONJ
aijssr-330	342	10	luca	luca	PROPN
aijssr-330	342	11	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	342	12	p.	p.	NOUN
aijssr-330	342	13	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	342	14	2018	2018	NUM
aijssr-330	342	15	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	342	16	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	343	1	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	343	2	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	343	3	public	public	ADJ
aijssr-330	343	4	debt	debt	NOUN
aijssr-330	343	5	:	:	PUNCT
aijssr-330	343	6	a	a	DET
aijssr-330	343	7	cross	cross	ADJ
aijssr-330	343	8	-	-	ADJ
aijssr-330	343	9	country	country	ADJ
aijssr-330	343	10	analysis	analysis	NOUN
aijssr-330	343	11	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	344	1	applied	apply	VERB
aijssr-330	344	2	economics	economic	NOUN
aijssr-330	344	3	letters	letter	NOUN
aijssr-330	344	4	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	344	5	taylor	taylor	PROPN
aijssr-330	344	6	&	&	CCONJ
aijssr-330	344	7	francis	francis	PROPN
aijssr-330	344	8	journals	journals	PROPN
aijssr-330	344	9	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	344	10	25(5	25(5	NUM
aijssr-330	344	11	):	):	PUNCT
aijssr-330	344	12	340	340	NUM
aijssr-330	344	13	-	-	SYM
aijssr-330	344	14	344	344	NUM
aijssr-330	344	15	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	344	16	mauro	mauro	PROPN
aijssr-330	344	17	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	344	18	p.	p.	NOUN
aijssr-330	344	19	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	344	20	1995	1995	NUM
aijssr-330	344	21	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	344	22	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	345	1	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	345	2	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	345	3	growth	growth	NOUN
aijssr-330	345	4	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	345	5	quarterly	quarterly	ADJ
aijssr-330	345	6	journal	journal	NOUN
aijssr-330	345	7	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	345	8	economics	economic	NOUN
aijssr-330	345	9	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	345	10	110	110	NUM
aijssr-330	345	11	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	345	12	3	3	NUM
aijssr-330	345	13	):	):	PUNCT
aijssr-330	345	14	681	681	NUM
aijssr-330	345	15	–	–	PUNCT
aijssr-330	345	16	712	712	NUM
aijssr-330	345	17	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	345	18	mauro	mauro	PROPN
aijssr-330	345	19	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	345	20	p.	p.	NOUN
aijssr-330	345	21	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	345	22	1998	1998	NUM
aijssr-330	345	23	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	345	24	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	346	1	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	346	2	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	346	3	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	346	4	composition	composition	NOUN
aijssr-330	346	5	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	346	6	government	government	NOUN
aijssr-330	346	7	expenditure	expenditure	NOUN
aijssr-330	346	8	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	347	1	journal	journal	NOUN
aijssr-330	347	2	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	347	3	public	public	ADJ
aijssr-330	347	4	economics	economic	NOUN
aijssr-330	347	5	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	347	6	69	69	NUM
aijssr-330	347	7	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	347	8	2	2	NUM
aijssr-330	347	9	):	):	PUNCT
aijssr-330	347	10	263	263	NUM
aijssr-330	347	11	–	–	SYM
aijssr-330	347	12	79	79	NUM
aijssr-330	347	13	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	347	14	narayan	narayan	PROPN
aijssr-330	347	15	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	347	16	p.	p.	NOUN
aijssr-330	347	17	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	347	18	2005	2005	NUM
aijssr-330	347	19	):	):	PUNCT
aijssr-330	347	20	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	347	21	saving	saving	NOUN
aijssr-330	347	22	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	347	23	investment	investment	NOUN
aijssr-330	347	24	nexus	nexus	NOUN
aijssr-330	347	25	for	for	ADP
aijssr-330	347	26	china	china	PROPN
aijssr-330	347	27	:	:	PUNCT
aijssr-330	347	28	evidence	evidence	NOUN
aijssr-330	347	29	from	from	ADP
aijssr-330	347	30	co	co	NOUN
aijssr-330	347	31	-	-	NOUN
aijssr-330	347	32	integration	integration	NOUN
aijssr-330	347	33	tests	test	NOUN
aijssr-330	347	34	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	348	1	applied	apply	VERB
aijssr-330	348	2	economics	economic	NOUN
aijssr-330	348	3	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	348	4	37	37	NUM
aijssr-330	348	5	:	:	SYM
aijssr-330	348	6	1979	1979	NUM
aijssr-330	348	7	-	-	SYM
aijssr-330	348	8	1990	1990	NUM
aijssr-330	348	9	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	349	1	njangang	njangang	PROPN
aijssr-330	349	2	n.	n.	PROPN
aijssr-330	349	3	h.	h.	PROPN
aijssr-330	349	4	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	349	5	2018	2018	NUM
aijssr-330	349	6	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	349	7	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	350	1	impact	impact	NOUN
aijssr-330	350	2	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	350	3	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	350	4	on	on	ADP
aijssr-330	350	5	public	public	ADJ
aijssr-330	350	6	debt	debt	NOUN
aijssr-330	350	7	:	:	PUNCT
aijssr-330	350	8	evidence	evidence	NOUN
aijssr-330	350	9	from	from	ADP
aijssr-330	350	10	sub	sub	ADJ
aijssr-330	350	11	-	-	ADJ
aijssr-330	350	12	saharan	saharan	ADJ
aijssr-330	350	13	african	african	ADJ
aijssr-330	350	14	countries	country	NOUN
aijssr-330	350	15	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	351	1	american	american	PROPN
aijssr-330	351	2	journal	journal	PROPN
aijssr-330	351	3	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	351	4	economics	economic	NOUN
aijssr-330	351	5	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	351	6	8	8	NUM
aijssr-330	351	7	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	351	8	1	1	NUM
aijssr-330	351	9	):	):	PUNCT
aijssr-330	351	10	14	14	NUM
aijssr-330	351	11	-	-	SYM
aijssr-330	351	12	17	17	NUM
aijssr-330	351	13	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	351	14	doi	doi	NOUN
aijssr-330	351	15	:	:	PUNCT
aijssr-330	351	16	10.5923	10.5923	NUM
aijssr-330	351	17	/	/	SYM
aijssr-330	351	18	j.economics.20180801.03	j.economics.20180801.03	PROPN
aijssr-330	351	19	.	.	PROPN
aijssr-330	351	20	obadan	obadan	PROPN
aijssr-330	351	21	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	351	22	m.	m.	NOUN
aijssr-330	351	23	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	351	24	2002	2002	NUM
aijssr-330	351	25	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	351	26	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	352	1	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	352	2	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	352	3	public	public	ADJ
aijssr-330	352	4	investment	investment	NOUN
aijssr-330	352	5	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	352	6	growth	growth	NOUN
aijssr-330	352	7	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	352	8	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
aijssr-330	352	9	:	:	PUNCT
aijssr-330	352	10	some	some	DET
aijssr-330	352	11	stylist	stylist	NOUN
aijssr-330	352	12	facts	fact	NOUN
aijssr-330	352	13	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	353	1	nesg	nesg	NOUN
aijssr-330	353	2	economic	economic	ADJ
aijssr-330	353	3	indicators	indicator	NOUN
aijssr-330	353	4	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	353	5	2(2	2(2	NUM
aijssr-330	353	6	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	353	7	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	354	1	obialor	obialor	PROPN
aijssr-330	354	2	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	354	3	c.f	c.f	PROPN
aijssr-330	354	4	.	.	PROPN
aijssr-330	354	5	&	&	CCONJ
aijssr-330	354	6	ugochukwu	ugochukwu	PROPN
aijssr-330	354	7	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	354	8	o.h	o.h	PROPN
aijssr-330	354	9	.	.	PROPN
aijssr-330	354	10	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	354	11	2017	2017	NUM
aijssr-330	354	12	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	354	13	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	355	1	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	355	2	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	355	3	effective	effective	ADJ
aijssr-330	355	4	public	public	ADJ
aijssr-330	355	5	service	service	NOUN
aijssr-330	355	6	performance	performance	NOUN
aijssr-330	355	7	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	355	8	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
aijssr-330	355	9	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	356	1	international	international	ADJ
aijssr-330	356	2	journal	journal	PROPN
aijssr-330	356	3	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	356	4	advanced	advanced	ADJ
aijssr-330	356	5	studies	study	NOUN
aijssr-330	356	6	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	356	7	economics	economic	NOUN
aijssr-330	356	8	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	356	9	public	public	ADJ
aijssr-330	356	10	sector	sector	NOUN
aijssr-330	356	11	management	management	NOUN
aijssr-330	356	12	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	356	13	5	5	NUM
aijssr-330	356	14	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	356	15	3	3	NUM
aijssr-330	356	16	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	356	17	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	357	1	ojukwu	ojukwu	PROPN
aijssr-330	357	2	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	357	3	c.c	c.c	PROPN
aijssr-330	357	4	.	.	PROPN
aijssr-330	357	5	&	&	CCONJ
aijssr-330	357	6	shopeju	shopeju	PROPN
aijssr-330	357	7	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	357	8	j.o	j.o	PROPN
aijssr-330	357	9	.	.	PROPN
aijssr-330	357	10	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	357	11	2010	2010	NUM
aijssr-330	357	12	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	357	13	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	358	1	elite	elite	ADJ
aijssr-330	358	2	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	358	3	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	358	4	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	358	5	culture	culture	NOUN
aijssr-330	358	6	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	358	7	primitive	primitive	ADJ
aijssr-330	358	8	accumulation	accumulation	NOUN
aijssr-330	358	9	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	358	10	21st	21st	ADJ
aijssr-330	358	11	century	century	NOUN
aijssr-330	358	12	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
aijssr-330	358	13	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	359	1	osunyikanmi	osunyikanmi	PROPN
aijssr-330	359	2	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	359	3	p.o	p.o	PROPN
aijssr-330	359	4	.	.	PROPN
aijssr-330	359	5	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	359	6	2007	2007	NUM
aijssr-330	359	7	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	359	8	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	360	1	development	development	NOUN
aijssr-330	360	2	implication	implication	NOUN
aijssr-330	360	3	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	360	4	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
aijssr-330	360	5	’s	’s	PART
aijssr-330	360	6	economic	economic	ADJ
aijssr-330	360	7	crisis	crisis	NOUN
aijssr-330	360	8	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	361	1	journal	journal	PROPN
aijssr-330	361	2	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	361	3	development	development	PROPN
aijssr-330	361	4	perspective	perspective	NOUN
aijssr-330	361	5	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	361	6	2(1	2(1	NUM
aijssr-330	361	7	):	):	PUNCT
aijssr-330	361	8	34	34	NUM
aijssr-330	361	9	-	-	SYM
aijssr-330	361	10	59	59	NUM
aijssr-330	361	11	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	362	1	http://papers.ssrn.com/s013/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2052974	http://papers.ssrn.com/s013/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2052974	PROPN
aijssr-330	362	2	https://www/	https://www/	NOUN
aijssr-330	362	3	http://elibrary.worldbank/	http://elibrary.worldbank/	PROPN
aijssr-330	362	4	copyright	copyright	NOUN
aijssr-330	362	5	©	©	PROPN
aijssr-330	362	6	cc	cc	PROPN
aijssr-330	362	7	-	-	PUNCT
aijssr-330	362	8	by	by	ADP
aijssr-330	362	9	-	-	PUNCT
aijssr-330	362	10	nc	nc	PROPN
aijssr-330	362	11	2019	2019	NUM
aijssr-330	362	12	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	362	13	cribfb	cribfb	PROPN
aijssr-330	362	14	|	|	ADV
aijssr-330	362	15	aijssr	aijssr	PROPN
aijssr-330	362	16	www.cribfb.com/journal/index.php/aijssr	www.cribfb.com/journal/index.php/aijssr	PROPN
aijssr-330	363	1	american	american	PROPN
aijssr-330	363	2	international	international	PROPN
aijssr-330	363	3	journal	journal	PROPN
aijssr-330	363	4	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	363	5	social	social	ADJ
aijssr-330	363	6	science	science	NOUN
aijssr-330	363	7	research	research	NOUN
aijssr-330	363	8	vol	vol	NOUN
aijssr-330	363	9	.	.	PROPN
aijssr-330	364	1	4	4	NUM
aijssr-330	364	2	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	364	3	no	no	INTJ
aijssr-330	364	4	.	.	NOUN
aijssr-330	364	5	2	2	NUM
aijssr-330	364	6	;	;	PUNCT
aijssr-330	364	7	2019	2019	NUM
aijssr-330	364	8	23	23	NUM
aijssr-330	364	9	pani	pani	NOUN
aijssr-330	364	10	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	364	11	m.	m.	NOUN
aijssr-330	364	12	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	364	13	1996	1996	NUM
aijssr-330	364	14	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	364	15	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	365	1	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	365	2	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	365	3	public	public	ADJ
aijssr-330	365	4	debt	debt	NOUN
aijssr-330	365	5	:	:	PUNCT
aijssr-330	365	6	can	can	AUX
aijssr-330	365	7	a	a	DET
aijssr-330	365	8	financial	financial	ADJ
aijssr-330	365	9	crisis	crisis	NOUN
aijssr-330	365	10	result	result	VERB
aijssr-330	365	11	from	from	ADP
aijssr-330	365	12	dishonest	dishonest	ADJ
aijssr-330	365	13	political	political	ADJ
aijssr-330	365	14	control	control	NOUN
aijssr-330	365	15	?	?	PUNCT
aijssr-330	366	1	giornale	giornale	PROPN
aijssr-330	366	2	degli	degli	NOUN
aijssr-330	366	3	economisti	economisti	PROPN
aijssr-330	366	4	e	e	PROPN
aijssr-330	366	5	annali	annali	PROPN
aijssr-330	366	6	di	di	PROPN
aijssr-330	366	7	economia	economia	PROPN
aijssr-330	366	8	nuova	nuova	PROPN
aijssr-330	366	9	serie	serie	PROPN
aijssr-330	366	10	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	366	11	55(1	55(1	NUM
aijssr-330	366	12	):	):	PUNCT
aijssr-330	366	13	117	117	NUM
aijssr-330	366	14	-	-	SYM
aijssr-330	366	15	132	132	NUM
aijssr-330	366	16	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	366	17	https://www.jstor.org/stable/23247932	https://www.jstor.org/stable/23247932	NOUN
aijssr-330	366	18	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	367	1	pesaran	pesaran	PROPN
aijssr-330	367	2	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	367	3	h.	h.	PROPN
aijssr-330	367	4	&	&	CCONJ
aijssr-330	367	5	shin	shin	PROPN
aijssr-330	367	6	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	367	7	y.	y.	PROPN
aijssr-330	367	8	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	367	9	1997	1997	NUM
aijssr-330	367	10	):	):	PUNCT
aijssr-330	367	11	an	an	DET
aijssr-330	367	12	autoregressive	autoregressive	ADJ
aijssr-330	367	13	distributed	distribute	VERB
aijssr-330	367	14	lag	lag	NOUN
aijssr-330	367	15	modeling	modeling	NOUN
aijssr-330	367	16	approach	approach	NOUN
aijssr-330	367	17	to	to	ADP
aijssr-330	367	18	co	co	NOUN
aijssr-330	367	19	-	-	NOUN
aijssr-330	367	20	integration	integration	NOUN
aijssr-330	367	21	analysis	analysis	NOUN
aijssr-330	367	22	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	367	23	cambridge	cambridge	PROPN
aijssr-330	367	24	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	367	25	england	england	PROPN
aijssr-330	367	26	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	368	1	pesaran	pesaran	PROPN
aijssr-330	368	2	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	368	3	m.	m.	PROPN
aijssr-330	368	4	h.	h.	PROPN
aijssr-330	368	5	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	368	6	shin	shin	PROPN
aijssr-330	368	7	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	368	8	y.	y.	PROPN
aijssr-330	368	9	&	&	CCONJ
aijssr-330	368	10	smith	smith	PROPN
aijssr-330	368	11	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	368	12	r.j	r.j	PROPN
aijssr-330	368	13	.	.	PROPN
aijssr-330	368	14	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	368	15	2001	2001	NUM
aijssr-330	368	16	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	368	17	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	369	1	bounds	bound	VERB
aijssr-330	369	2	testing	test	VERB
aijssr-330	369	3	approaches	approach	NOUN
aijssr-330	369	4	to	to	ADP
aijssr-330	369	5	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	369	6	analysis	analysis	NOUN
aijssr-330	369	7	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	369	8	level	level	NOUN
aijssr-330	369	9	relationships	relationship	NOUN
aijssr-330	369	10	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	370	1	journal	journal	NOUN
aijssr-330	370	2	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	370	3	applied	applied	ADJ
aijssr-330	370	4	econometrics	econometric	NOUN
aijssr-330	370	5	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	370	6	16	16	NUM
aijssr-330	370	7	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	370	8	289	289	NUM
aijssr-330	370	9	-	-	SYM
aijssr-330	370	10	326	326	NUM
aijssr-330	370	11	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	371	1	reinhart	reinhart	PROPN
aijssr-330	371	2	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	371	3	c.	c.	PROPN
aijssr-330	371	4	m	m	PROPN
aijssr-330	371	5	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	371	6	reinhart	reinhart	PROPN
aijssr-330	371	7	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	371	8	v.r	v.r	PROPN
aijssr-330	371	9	.	.	PROPN
aijssr-330	371	10	&	&	CCONJ
aijssr-330	371	11	rogoff	rogoff	PROPN
aijssr-330	371	12	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	371	13	k.s	k.s	PROPN
aijssr-330	371	14	.	.	PROPN
aijssr-330	371	15	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	371	16	2012	2012	NUM
aijssr-330	371	17	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	371	18	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	372	1	public	public	ADJ
aijssr-330	372	2	debt	debt	NOUN
aijssr-330	372	3	overhangs	overhang	NOUN
aijssr-330	372	4	:	:	PUNCT
aijssr-330	372	5	advanced	advanced	ADJ
aijssr-330	372	6	economy	economy	NOUN
aijssr-330	372	7	episodes	episode	NOUN
aijssr-330	372	8	since	since	SCONJ
aijssr-330	372	9	1800	1800	NUM
aijssr-330	372	10	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	373	1	journal	journal	NOUN
aijssr-330	373	2	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	373	3	economic	economic	ADJ
aijssr-330	373	4	perspectives	perspective	NOUN
aijssr-330	373	5	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	373	6	26(3	26(3	NUM
aijssr-330	373	7	):	):	PUNCT
aijssr-330	373	8	6986	6986	NUM
aijssr-330	373	9	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	374	1	rose	rose	NOUN
aijssr-330	374	2	-	-	PUNCT
aijssr-330	374	3	ackerman	ackerman	PROPN
aijssr-330	374	4	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	374	5	s.	s.	PROPN
aijssr-330	374	6	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	374	7	1997	1997	NUM
aijssr-330	374	8	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	374	9	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	375	1	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	375	2	pursuit	pursuit	NOUN
aijssr-330	375	3	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	375	4	absolute	absolute	ADJ
aijssr-330	375	5	integrity	integrity	NOUN
aijssr-330	375	6	:	:	PUNCT
aijssr-330	375	7	how	how	SCONJ
aijssr-330	375	8	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	375	9	control	control	NOUN
aijssr-330	375	10	makes	make	VERB
aijssr-330	375	11	government	government	NOUN
aijssr-330	375	12	ineffective	ineffective	ADJ
aijssr-330	375	13	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	376	1	journal	journal	NOUN
aijssr-330	376	2	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	376	3	policy	policy	NOUN
aijssr-330	376	4	analysis	analysis	NOUN
aijssr-330	376	5	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	376	6	management	management	NOUN
aijssr-330	376	7	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	376	8	16	16	NUM
aijssr-330	376	9	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	376	10	4	4	NUM
aijssr-330	376	11	):	):	PUNCT
aijssr-330	376	12	661	661	NUM
aijssr-330	376	13	–	–	SYM
aijssr-330	376	14	64	64	NUM
aijssr-330	376	15	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	377	1	schneider	schneider	PROPN
aijssr-330	377	2	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	377	3	f.	f.	PROPN
aijssr-330	377	4	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	377	5	buehn	buehn	PROPN
aijssr-330	377	6	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	377	7	a.	a.	NOUN
aijssr-330	377	8	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	377	9	&	&	CCONJ
aijssr-330	377	10	montenegro	montenegro	PROPN
aijssr-330	377	11	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	377	12	c.e	c.e	PROPN
aijssr-330	377	13	.	.	PROPN
aijssr-330	377	14	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	377	15	2010	2010	NUM
aijssr-330	377	16	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	377	17	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	378	1	shadow	shadow	NOUN
aijssr-330	378	2	economies	economy	NOUN
aijssr-330	378	3	all	all	ADV
aijssr-330	378	4	over	over	ADP
aijssr-330	378	5	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	378	6	world	world	NOUN
aijssr-330	378	7	:	:	PUNCT
aijssr-330	378	8	new	new	ADJ
aijssr-330	378	9	estimates	estimate	NOUN
aijssr-330	378	10	for	for	ADP
aijssr-330	378	11	162	162	NUM
aijssr-330	378	12	countries	country	NOUN
aijssr-330	378	13	from	from	ADP
aijssr-330	378	14	1999	1999	NUM
aijssr-330	378	15	to	to	ADP
aijssr-330	378	16	2007	2007	NUM
aijssr-330	378	17	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	378	18	english	english	PROPN
aijssr-330	378	19	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	378	20	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	379	1	policy	policy	NOUN
aijssr-330	379	2	research	research	NOUN
aijssr-330	379	3	working	working	NOUN
aijssr-330	379	4	paper	paper	NOUN
aijssr-330	379	5	;	;	PUNCT
aijssr-330	379	6	no	no	INTJ
aijssr-330	379	7	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	380	1	wps	wps	PROPN
aijssr-330	380	2	5356	5356	NUM
aijssr-330	380	3	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	381	1	washington	washington	PROPN
aijssr-330	381	2	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	381	3	dc	dc	PROPN
aijssr-330	381	4	:	:	PUNCT
aijssr-330	381	5	world	world	PROPN
aijssr-330	381	6	bank	bank	PROPN
aijssr-330	381	7	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	382	1	shleifer	shleifer	PROPN
aijssr-330	382	2	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	382	3	a.	a.	NOUN
aijssr-330	382	4	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	382	5	vishny	vishny	PROPN
aijssr-330	382	6	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	382	7	r.	r.	PROPN
aijssr-330	382	8	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	382	9	1993	1993	NUM
aijssr-330	382	10	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	382	11	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	383	1	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	383	2	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	384	1	quarterly	quarterly	ADJ
aijssr-330	384	2	journal	journal	NOUN
aijssr-330	384	3	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	384	4	economics	economic	NOUN
aijssr-330	384	5	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	384	6	108	108	NUM
aijssr-330	384	7	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	384	8	3	3	NUM
aijssr-330	384	9	):	):	PUNCT
aijssr-330	384	10	599	599	NUM
aijssr-330	384	11	–	–	SYM
aijssr-330	384	12	617	617	NUM
aijssr-330	384	13	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	385	1	smith	smith	PROPN
aijssr-330	385	2	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	385	3	m.s	m.s	PROPN
aijssr-330	385	4	.	.	PROPN
aijssr-330	385	5	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	385	6	1994	1994	NUM
aijssr-330	385	7	):	):	PUNCT
aijssr-330	385	8	second	second	ADJ
aijssr-330	385	9	language	language	NOUN
aijssr-330	385	10	learning	learning	NOUN
aijssr-330	385	11	:	:	PUNCT
aijssr-330	385	12	theoretical	theoretical	ADJ
aijssr-330	385	13	foundations	foundation	NOUN
aijssr-330	385	14	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	386	1	london	london	PROPN
aijssr-330	386	2	:	:	PUNCT
aijssr-330	386	3	longman	longman	NOUN
aijssr-330	386	4	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	387	1	235	235	NUM
aijssr-330	388	1	pp	pp	ADP
aijssr-330	388	2	tanzi	tanzi	PROPN
aijssr-330	388	3	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	388	4	v.	v.	PROPN
aijssr-330	388	5	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	388	6	1998	1998	NUM
aijssr-330	388	7	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	388	8	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	389	1	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	389	2	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	389	3	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	389	4	budget	budget	NOUN
aijssr-330	389	5	:	:	PUNCT
aijssr-330	389	6	problems	problem	NOUN
aijssr-330	389	7	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	389	8	solutions	solution	NOUN
aijssr-330	389	9	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	390	1	in	in	ADP
aijssr-330	390	2	economics	economic	NOUN
aijssr-330	390	3	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	390	4	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	390	5	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	391	1	edited	edit	VERB
aijssr-330	391	2	by	by	ADP
aijssr-330	391	3	arvind	arvind	PROPN
aijssr-330	391	4	k.	k.	PROPN
aijssr-330	391	5	jain	jain	PROPN
aijssr-330	391	6	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	391	7	111	111	NUM
aijssr-330	391	8	–	–	SYM
aijssr-330	391	9	28	28	NUM
aijssr-330	391	10	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	392	1	norwell	norwell	PROPN
aijssr-330	392	2	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	392	3	ma	ma	PROPN
aijssr-330	392	4	:	:	PUNCT
aijssr-330	392	5	kluwer	kluwer	PROPN
aijssr-330	392	6	academic	academic	PROPN
aijssr-330	392	7	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	393	1	tanzi	tanzi	PROPN
aijssr-330	393	2	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	393	3	v.	v.	PROPN
aijssr-330	393	4	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	393	5	davoodi	davoodi	PROPN
aijssr-330	393	6	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	393	7	h.r	h.r	PROPN
aijssr-330	393	8	.	.	PROPN
aijssr-330	393	9	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	393	10	1997	1997	NUM
aijssr-330	393	11	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	393	12	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	394	1	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	394	2	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	394	3	public	public	ADJ
aijssr-330	394	4	investment	investment	NOUN
aijssr-330	394	5	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	394	6	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	394	7	growth	growth	NOUN
aijssr-330	394	8	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	395	1	working	work	VERB
aijssr-330	395	2	paper	paper	NOUN
aijssr-330	395	3	no	no	INTJ
aijssr-330	395	4	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	396	1	97/139	97/139	NUM
aijssr-330	396	2	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	396	3	international	international	ADJ
aijssr-330	396	4	monetary	monetary	ADJ
aijssr-330	396	5	fund	fund	PROPN
aijssr-330	396	6	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	397	1	https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/wp97139.pdf	https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/wp97139.pdf	PROPN
aijssr-330	397	2	[	[	X
aijssr-330	397	3	accessed	access	VERB
aijssr-330	397	4	november	november	PROPN
aijssr-330	397	5	20	20	NUM
aijssr-330	397	6	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	397	7	2016	2016	NUM
aijssr-330	397	8	]	]	PUNCT
aijssr-330	397	9	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	398	1	wei	wei	PROPN
aijssr-330	398	2	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	398	3	y.	y.	PROPN
aijssr-330	398	4	w.	w.	PROPN
aijssr-330	398	5	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	398	6	2001	2001	NUM
aijssr-330	398	7	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	398	8	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	399	1	negative	negative	ADJ
aijssr-330	399	2	alchemy	alchemy	NOUN
aijssr-330	399	3	?	?	PUNCT
aijssr-330	400	1	corruption	corruption	NOUN
aijssr-330	400	2	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	400	3	composition	composition	NOUN
aijssr-330	400	4	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	400	5	capital	capital	NOUN
aijssr-330	400	6	flows	flow	NOUN
aijssr-330	400	7	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	400	8	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	400	9	currency	currency	NOUN
aijssr-330	400	10	crises	crisis	NOUN
aijssr-330	400	11	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	401	1	nber	nber	PROPN
aijssr-330	401	2	working	working	PROPN
aijssr-330	401	3	paper	paper	PROPN
aijssr-330	401	4	no	no	NOUN
aijssr-330	401	5	.	.	PROPN
aijssr-330	402	1	8187	8187	NUM
aijssr-330	402	2	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	402	3	doi	doi	NOUN
aijssr-330	402	4	:	:	PUNCT
aijssr-330	402	5	10.3386	10.3386	NUM
aijssr-330	402	6	/	/	SYM
aijssr-330	402	7	w8187	w8187	NOUN
aijssr-330	402	8	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	403	1	copyrights	copyright	VERB
aijssr-330	403	2	copyright	copyright	NOUN
aijssr-330	403	3	for	for	ADP
aijssr-330	403	4	this	this	DET
aijssr-330	403	5	article	article	NOUN
aijssr-330	403	6	is	be	AUX
aijssr-330	403	7	retained	retain	VERB
aijssr-330	403	8	by	by	ADP
aijssr-330	403	9	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	403	10	author(s	author(s	PROPN
aijssr-330	403	11	)	)	PUNCT
aijssr-330	403	12	,	,	PUNCT
aijssr-330	403	13	with	with	ADP
aijssr-330	403	14	first	first	ADJ
aijssr-330	403	15	publication	publication	NOUN
aijssr-330	403	16	rights	right	NOUN
aijssr-330	403	17	granted	grant	VERB
aijssr-330	403	18	to	to	ADP
aijssr-330	403	19	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	403	20	journal	journal	NOUN
aijssr-330	403	21	.	.	PUNCT
aijssr-330	404	1	this	this	PRON
aijssr-330	404	2	is	be	AUX
aijssr-330	404	3	an	an	DET
aijssr-330	404	4	open	open	ADJ
aijssr-330	404	5	-	-	PUNCT
aijssr-330	404	6	access	access	NOUN
aijssr-330	404	7	article	article	NOUN
aijssr-330	404	8	distributed	distribute	VERB
aijssr-330	404	9	under	under	ADP
aijssr-330	404	10	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	404	11	terms	term	NOUN
aijssr-330	404	12	and	and	CCONJ
aijssr-330	404	13	conditions	condition	NOUN
aijssr-330	404	14	of	of	ADP
aijssr-330	404	15	the	the	DET
aijssr-330	404	16	creative	creative	ADJ
aijssr-330	404	17	commons	common	NOUN
aijssr-330	404	18	attribution	attribution	NOUN
aijssr-330	404	19	license	license	NOUN
aijssr-330	404	20	(	(	PUNCT
aijssr-330	404	21	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/	PROPN
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