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American Journal of  Agricultural Science, 
Engineering, and Technology (AJASET)

Crushing Power of  a Corn Cob Chopping Machine for the Manufacture of  Animal Feed 
at the Cinagarabogo People’s Livestock Centre, Subang Regency, Indonesia

Ferdi Fathurohman1*, Adhan Efendi2 and Ridwan Baharta1

Volume 7 Issue 1, Year 2023
ISSN: 2158-8104 (Online), 2164-0920 (Print)

DOI: https://doi.org/10.54536/ajaset.v7i1.1153
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Article Information ABSTRACT

Received: January 03 , 2022

Accepted: January 16, 2023

Published: January 19, 2023

Process of  making animal feed at the People’s Husbandry Centre (SPR) Cinagarabogo Sub-
ang Regency is one of  the producers of  ruminant animal feed for cattle. The ruminant feed 
made from corncob waste is distributed to cattle breeders in Subang Regency. The manufac-
ture of  animal feed made from corn cobs is still done conventionally, so that the fulfilment 
of  ruminant feed needs is often hampered. This study aimed to design a disc mill machine 
that is used to crush corn cobs. The research method started from observing, sketching, 
making 2D and 3D designs, and conducting expert validation. Based on the research, it can 
be concluded that the design made has been declared valid with a score of  87% or was in 
the proper category. Further recommendations that the design is feasible to proceed to the 
manufacturing process.

Keywords
Corn Cob, Disc Mill Machine, 
Ruminant Feed crusher

1 Agroindustry Department, Subang State Polytechnic, Arif  Rahman Hakimt, Subang, West Java, Indonesia
2 Mechanical Engineering Department, Subang State Polytechnic, Arif  Rahman Hakimt, Subang, West Java, Indonesia
* Corresponding author’s email: ferdifathurohman@polsub.ac.id

INTRODUCTION
Since 2005, the Indonesian government has planned to be 
self-sufficient in beef, namely imports of  no more than 
10% of  the total national consumption. However, beef  
self-sufficiency has not yet been achieved with various 
problems faced. The alternative to meet the needs of  beef  
consumption is through imports, but the import price is 
cheaper than the price of  local beef, making it a tough 
competitor for farmers as the main producers of  local beef.
The development of  beef  cattle in quantity has had a very 
real impact on increasing people’s income in improving 
their welfare. Development that still relies on the power 
of  community animal husbandry makes this business 
in general still managed traditionally.  The purpose of  
maintenance, which is still a side business of  farming 
activities, causes market demand has not become the 
main consideration for livestock businesses. In these 
conditions, it is very difficult to encourage the community 
to achieve an economical business scale in the livestock 
business (Fathurohman et al., 2017).
The development of  animal husbandry, especially in beef  
cattle, has been carried out for generations and shows 
quite good development, including in groups.  In general, 
the community has livestock, especially sheep and beef  
cattle with the motive of  keeping as a side business 
and for savings, this is very possible because natural 
conditions, the availability of  grass and the attention of  
the local government to the development of  beef  cattle 
are very supportive (Fathurohman et al., 2022).
The Government of  the Republic of  Indonesia through 
the Ministry of  Agriculture in 2015 issued a livestock 
area program under the name Sentra Peternakan Rakyat 
or commonly known as SPR. SPR is an association of  
smallholder breeders with the aim of  realizing different 
breeders. SPR has been formed for about 2 years. There 
have been many programs implemented by SPR ranging 

from improving group administration, training, and 
assistance from both the central and local governments. 
In 2017 the central government’s assistance program for 
SPR was no longer provided, making the programs that 
had been running less effective (Ditjen, 2015)
One of  the livestock areas in Indonesia is the Cinagarabogo 
livestock area of  Subang Regency. For approximately 
2 years running a livestock area business, selling 
through offline and online. According to information 
obtained from livestock groups belonging to the region, 
competition in animal husbandry is getting tougher, 
so breeders are constantly trying to survive and even 
develop. Many organizations are growing rapidly because 
they can create the right business model. Business model 
canvas (BMC) successfully transforms the concept of  a 
complex business model into a simple one (Fathurohman 
& Baharta, 2020)
More than 90% of  local beef  supply comes from small-
scale farms, so production efficiency is low or the cost 
per unit of  production is high. If  the number of  imports 
is not controlled, it will result in the price of  local beef  
in the market being depressed with cheap import prices 
so that farmers lose out. If  this happens in the long term 
and with limited capital, it will make farmers not eager to 
do beef  cattle business (Widiati, 2014).
The development of  cattle in quantity has been able to 
have a very real impact on increasing people’s income 
in improving their welfare. The development, which is 
currently still based on the strength of  people’s livestock, 
has made this business managed traditionally. The purpose 
of  maintenance which is still used as a side business from 
farming activities has caused market demand to have not 
become the main consideration for livestock business. 
In this condition, it is very difficult to encourage the 
community to achieve an economic scale of  business in 
the livestock business (Fathurohman, 2019).

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LITERATURE REVIEW
The People’s Husbandry Centre (SPR) which was 
launched in early 2016 is expected to make Subang 
district a national and regional beef  supporter, according 
to the Decree of  the Minister of  Agriculture. In West 
Java Province, out of  27 regencies/cities only four 
regencies are the sites for SPR. of  the four districts, in 
Subang there are two SPRs and three other areas one SPR 
each. Two SPRs in Subang, namely Kasaliang, cover the 
areas of  Kasomalang, Cisalak, Tanjungsiang. Then SPR 
Cinagarabogo covers the Cipunagara and Cibogo areas.
The People’s Husbandry Centre (SPR) Cinagarabogo 
produces ruminant feed which is then sold publicly to 
farmers in Subang Regency. This feed is made manually 
with corncobs as the main ingredient. Generally, the use 
of  a disk mill machine can help the process of  making 
ruminant feed. The disc mill machine has the main 
function of  chopping and crushing grains into flour 
(Efendi & Suhartono, 2018). 
Added by the components of  the disk mill machine has 
several main components, namely (1) a hopper, made of  
iron plate in the shape of  an inverted pentagon measuring 
27 x 20 x 21 cm, (2) a shell / cage consisting of  four 
rotating blades with a size of  3 x 2 x 2 cm, eight cylindrical 
knives with a diameter of  1.5 cm, and 24 static knives 
measuring 2 x 2 x 1.5 cm, (3) one channel for dispensing 
flour from an iron plate measuring 15 x 6 cm, (4 ) a three-
phase drive engine with a power of  about 2.2 kw, and (5) 
a transmission system using a belt (Rangkuti et al., 2012).
The use of  disc mill machines is very useful in agriculture 
and plantations (Nandiyanto et al., 2020). Added 
(Nandiyanto et al., 2020) disc mill machines are very 
suitable for crushing foodstuffs in a finer form. The 
performance of  the cutting knife can make the process 
of  refining corncobs more effective for ruminant feed 
(Kruszelnicka et al., 2021). Fulfilling the target of  making 
feed for all cattle breeders in the Subang area makes 
it necessary to design a disc mill machine to assist the 
process of  making ruminant feed at SPR Cinagarabogo.
The design is the beginning before the tool enters the 
manufacturing process (Nauval et al., 2018). added 
(Efendi & Suhartono, 2019) that the design can be 
started from a hand sketch which is then described in 
the autodex inventor application so that an image with 
2D and 3D schemes is found. The results of  previous 
research, from (Jibrin et al., 2013), concluded that design 
and manufacturing are very much needed in the process 
of  making an effective corncob crusher machine in 
agriculture.

MATERIALS AND METHOD
This research is a type of  development research. Data 
collected through observation and documentation 
methods. The data were then analysed descriptively 
qualitatively. The stages of  the research are as follows in 
Figure 1.
The research stages started from collecting data related 
to the disc mill machine, which was followed up with 

Figure 1: Research Stages

observations at SPR Cinagarabogo, then the research 
team made 2D and 3D sketches through the autodeks 
inventor application, image validation was carried out by 
experts, then entered the data analysis stage.

RESULT AND DICUSSION
Study Literature and Observation
The literature study was carried out by the research team 
in collecting several publications regarding the design of  
a disc mill machine for corn cobs. Then continued with 
observations at the People’s Husbandry Centre (SPR) 
Cinagarabogo. Interviews were conducted with the head 
of  the SPR to seek information regarding the need for 
tools that can assist the process of  making ruminant feed 
there. 
The research team saw sheet consisting of  detailed design 
drawings, materials, sizes and punctuation marks on the 
disc mill machine design. Questions obtained from the 
results of  discussions with the Head of  SPR regarding 
the need for machines that support the process of  
making ruminant feed. Item consists of  25 questions. 
The results of  the data are processed quantitatively using 
a Likert scale 5.
This stage is the first step in making tool designs which 
will later provide a clear picture for the manufacturing 
department in making the conceptualized machine. This 
design describes the size, type of  material and working 
procedures. The design process uses the autodesk 
inventor application. This design is in accordance with 
the needs obtained during an interview with the head of  
the People’s Husbandry Centre (SPR) Cinagarabogo.

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In the process of  making 2D sketches, it was found that 
some components were made of  stainless steel. This is 
because based on the needs analysis, the machine will be 
used to crush corn cobs in ruminant feed, so a strong 
machine is needed in the process. 

In the next stage, the research team created a 3d image of  
the disc mill machine. Also made a detailed description of  
each component in the disc mill machine. Drawings of  
components and types of  materials used will facilitate the 
manufacturing process in making machine prototypes.

Validation 
In the design validation stage the tool was carried out by 
Mr. Agus Haris Abadi, S.Pd., M.Pd who was a validator 
in the field of  design to carry out inspections and the 
feasibility of  the corncob crushing machine that had 
been previously designed by researchers to find out 
whether the tool could be used. the next process is 
manufacturing machine manufacturing, or the design 
revision process still must be carried out because there 
are still several things that need to be reviewed again, 
with notes that have been provided by the validator. In 
the validation stage of  this engine design, four revisions 
have been made which were checked by the validator. the 
implementation of  the revision given by the validator 
is in the form of  withdrawing information contained 
in the tool components and providing information on 
the height, width, and length of  the machine design. 
This is done to make it clear when the manufacturing 
department reads the working drawings. Validation 
adjusts the drawing rules, selection of  materials and sizes, 
as well as the suitability of  punctuation in 2D designs. 
The validation results state that the image gets a score of  
87% or is in the proper category.
The assessment covers the clarity of  the design, the 
appropriateness/accuracy of  the design, the merging 
of  documents, the view of  the projection/drawing, the 
feasibility of  the design. The Likert scale can be seen in 
Table 1.

Figure 2: Disc Mill Design 2D

Figure 3: Disc Mill Design 3D

Tabel 1: Indicator validasi
No. Indicator Scale

1 2 3 4 5
1 Clarity of  design V
2 Appropriateness/ 

accuracy of  design
V

3 merging documents V
4 Views of  projection 

/drawing
V

5 design feasibility V

Manufacturing
In this stage, researchers carry out the manufacturing 
process. This process begins with the process of  
measuring, cutting, welding, and assembling. Making 
machines based on validated drawings. The tool making 
process guide uses work preparation as a reference in the 
stages of  making a disk mill machine.
The work process begins reading work preparation 
(WP). The materials used in the manufacture of  the corn 
crusher machine frame are galvanized hollow 37 mm x 
37 mm 1.2 mm thick, 2 mm thick stainless-steel plate, 0.8 

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mm thick stainless-steel plate, and 10 mm long stainless-
steel pipe with a diameter of  25.5 mm. 1mm thick. After 
the tools and materials are prepared, measurements are 
made on the materials according to the design drawings 
using a roll meter and an angled ruler.
After the measuring and marking process is complete, carry 
out the process of  cutting the material to form the parts 
using a hand grinder and a cutting disc. Cutting based on 
the dimension line that has been made. After all the material 
is cut to size, then make an angle of  45°. The cutting results 
are then refined on the sharp edges so as not to harm. 
Manufacturing documentation can be seen in Figure 4.

mill machine that has had its filter repaired and its cooling 
system run again for 1.5 hours non-stop, the results 
obtained are that the machine can work, and the engine 
temperature has decreased.
The results obtained from repairing this disc mill machine 
are:

1. The filter can be reused as seen from the result that 
the resulting components are evenly small.

2. The engine temperature has decreased quite well, 
seen when checking the engine performance test using 
the same tribological tool during the initial observation.
The machine is started and floured, and the engine 

Figure 4: Measurement, cutting and assembly Disc Mill 
Machine

Figure 5: Disc Mill Machine

Figure 6: Crushed Corncobs from the Machine

The next process is joining the materials by welding. 
Welding is carried out using a SMAW welding machine 
and using RD 260 electrodes. Before welding is carried 
out, first adjust the current of  the welding machine 
according to the diameter of  the electrode used, then do 
a tack weld as a temporary connection before doing long 
welding. Welding a long 750 mm galvanized hollow and a 
600 mm long galvanized hollow which has been made at 
an angle of  45° at the ends to form 90°. The corncob disc 
mill machine can be seen in Figure 5.

Performance Testing
Performance tests show that the machine can crush 
corn cobs for the manufacture of  ruminant feed with a 
capacity of  25 kilograms of  corn cobs/1 hour. The disc 

temperature remains between 53 to 65 degrees Celsius.
3. The disc mill machine becomes cleaner after repair 

and cleaning.
The results of  this test were carried out at the the 

People’s Husbandry Centre (SPR) Cinagarabogo feed 
manufacturing warehouse. Some of  the shortcomings 
are related to the fineness of  the results of  crushing the 
corncobs, so that it requires repeated crushing processes.

Figure 7: Engine Temperature Testing

CONCLUSIONS
Based on the research, it can be concluded that the design 
made has been declared valid with a score of  87% or is 
in the proper category. Further recommendations that 
the design is feasible to proceed to the manufacturing 
process. The limitation of  this research is making 
tool designs using the Auto Cad (CAD) application, 
the manufacturing process includes making frames, 

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Journal of  Aquaculture and Animal Science, 1(1), 38–45. 
https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/AU76Q

Fathurohman, F., Sobari, E., & Safitri, F. A. (2017). Human 
Resources Development Strategy In Brucellosis 
Diseases Monitoring At Sentra Peternakan Rakyat 
Cinarabogo, Subang. Advances in Health Sciences Research 
(AHSR), 5, 169–173. https://doi.org/10.2991/icoh-
17.2018.33

Jibrin, M. U., Amonye, M. C., Akonyi, N. S., & Oyeleran, 
O. A. (2013). Design and Development of  a Crop 
Residue Crushing Machine. International Journal of  
Engineering Inventions, 2(8), 28–34. www.ijeijournal.com

Kruszelnicka, W., Hlosta, J., Diviš, J., & Gierz, Ł. (2021). 
Study of  the relationships between multi-hole, multi-
disc mill performance parameters and comminution 
indicators. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(15), 12–15. 
https://doi.org/10.3390/su13158260

Nandiyanto, A. B. D., Ragadhita, R., Sukmafitri, A., Bilad, 
M. R., Aziz, M., & Yunas, J. (2020). Mechanical impact 
in disk mill for producing controlled rice husk particle 
size by changing impactor shapes and disk rotation 
speeds. Sains Malaysiana, 49(12), 2927–2940. https://
doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2020-4912-05

Nauval, M. I., Faoji, A., & Syarifudin. (2018). Design of  
Corn Grain Grinder into Flour Disk Mill Machine 
Type FFC 15 [Politeknik Harapan Bersama]. In 
Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 6(11), 951–952. 
https://doi.org/http://eprints.poltektegal.ac.id/id/
eprint/724

Rangkuti, P. A., Hasbullah, R., & Sumariana, K. S. U. 
(2012). Disc Mill Performance Test for Juwawut 
(Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauvois). AgriTECH, 32(1), 
66–72. https://doi.org/10.22146/agritech.9658

Widiati, R. (2014). Developing Beef  Cattle Industry 
at Smallholders to Support Beef  Self-Sufficiency. 
WARTAZOA, 24(4), 191–200. https://doi.org/
http://dx.doi.org/10.14334/wartazoa.v24i4.1090

stands, and other necessary components. Tool testing 
is carried out twice, namely laboratory scale testing and 
field testing, this study was also limited to one type of  
corncob available at SPR Cinagarabogo and treatment 
during the dry season. The social impact of  this research 
is that breeders, especially in Subang Regency, can utilize 
corn cobs which are usually thrown away as animal 
feed, besides that breeders are able to utilize simple but 
effective technology. Suggestions for further research 
using corncobs with different levels of  water content and 
carried out in the rainy season.

REFERENCES
Ditjen, P.K.H. (2015). Pedoman Sentra Peternakan Rakyat 

(SPR). Direktorat Jenderal Peternakan dan Kesehatan 
Hewan. 1–32

Efendi, A., & Suhartono, R. (2018). Corn Cob Disc Mill 
Machine Repair And Maintenance. Journal Rekayasa Mesin, 
13(3), 97104. https://doi.org/10.32497/rm.v13i3.1281

Efendi, A., & Suhartono, R. (2019). Maintenance of  
Disc Mill Machines of  the People’s Livestock Center 
(SPR) Chinagarbogo. SINTEK JURNAL: Journal 
Ilmiah Teknik Mesin, 13(1), 44–50. https://doi.
org/10.24853/sintek.13.1.44-50

Fathurohman, F. (2019). Subang Regency Livestock Area 
Business Model. Journal Ilmiah Ilmu Dan Teknologi 
Rekayasa, 1(1), 35–44. https://doi.org/10.31962/jiitr.
v1i1.53

Fathurohman, F., & Baharta, R. (2020). Analisis 
Kelayakan Usaha Pembuatan Pakan Ternak Komplit 
Dengan Mekanisasi Skala Kelompok Di Kabupaten 
Subang. Journal Agribisnis Terpadu, 13(1), 58. https://
doi.org/10.33512/jat.v13i1.6774

Fathurohman, F., Purwasih, R., & Mukminah, N. (2022). 
Development of  Beef  Cattle Agribusiness in the 
Rubber Plantation Farming System in the Community 
Livestock Center Area , West Java Indonesia. American 

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