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 VOLUME Vol.05 Issue05 2025 

PAGE NO. 27-29 

DOI 10.37547/ajahi/Volume05Issue05-07 

 
 
 
 

History and Methods of Studying Medical Plants 
 

V.S. Toreniyazova 

Acting Associate Professor, Nukus Branch of Samarkand State University of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Husbandry and 

Biotechnology, Uzbekistan 

 

Jumanova P. 

Student of the Nukus branch of Samarkand State University of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Husbandry and Biotechnology, Uzbekistan 

 

Abdullaeva D. 

Student of the Nukus branch of Samarkand State University of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Husbandry and Biotechnology, Uzbekistan 

 

 

Received: 31 March 2025; Accepted: 29 April 2025; Published: 31 May 2025 

 

Abstract: The formation and development of beekeeping mentioned in this article is directly related to honey-
bearing (nectar-bearing, honey-bearing) plants that serve as their food source. undefined Today, based on the 
Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. 239 dated June 12, 2023 Resolution of the Cabinet of 
Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan On additional measures to support the beekeeping industry and 
pollination of agricultural crops by bees In order to develop the beekeeping industry in the republic on the basis 
of modern scientific approaches, create more favor the further development of beekeeping in our republic, the 
timely and complete pollination of our vast plantations should be one of the urgent measures of today.   

 

Keywords: Species composition of honey plants, nectar productivity, nectar release dynamics, pollinating plants, 
nectar productivity of cultivated plants, increased yields when pollinated by bees, honey plants of Uzbekistan, 
beekeeping, pollination of agricultural crops by bees. 

 

Introduction: It is known that the comprehensive study 
of honey-bearing plant species, which are the wealth of 
our country's flora, and their effective use are the main 
ones. Abu Rayhan Beruni dedicates a chapter of his 
book "As-Saydana fit-tib" to honey. In it, he collects and 
presents information about honey and beekeeping up 
to the 11th century. The types of honey and its origin 
are discussed. The work tells about the juicy and 
delicious honey obtained from mint, thyme, astragalus, 
shambala, and balcuray plants. 

The in-depth study of honey plants and flower juice 
began in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The 
journal "Turkestan Agriculture," published in Tashkent 
since 1906, plays an important role in the development 
of beekeeping and the study of honey plants. 
A.A.Aleksandrov (1906) was among the first to describe 
the main honey plants of Kattakurgan, Samarkand, 
Khujand, and Tashkent on the pages of the journal, 
noting that white acacia is their "queen." 

He writes that the temperate climatic conditions of 
Central Asia and the diverse plant world contributed to 
the development of beekeeping in these areas. In the 
hot climate of Uzbekistan, egg and linden have good 
honey content. Also, I.A. Brjezicius (1907) notes that 
capers, honeysuckle, qashqarbeda, and other plants 
produce nectar well. 

A. Mikhailov (1909), V. Yuferov (1911), O. T. Zemlyanov 
V.L. Komarov, S.N. Korzhinskiy, B.A. Fedchenko, and 
others extensively studied honey plants and the plant 
world of the Turkestan region. V.D.Layoc (1949 - 1950) 
determined the amount of nectar in some fruit trees 
and hemp plants.[2] 

The richness of honey plants in the Pskem, Ugam, and 
Maidantal ranges of the Western Tien Shan is noted by 
G.I. Pechisheva (1962) and V.A. Rogov (1968, 1969, 
1970). In Tashkent and adjacent beekeeping regions, 
more than 100 species of honey plants have been 
identified. Bulgakova, Suvorin (1961), and L.L. 

 

https://doi.org/10.37547/ajahi/Volume05Issue05-07
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https://doi.org/10.37547/ajahi/Volume05Issue05-07
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American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations 28 https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajahi 

American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations (ISSN: 2771-2559) 
 

 

Bulgakova (1972, 1973, 1975, 1976, 1978) identified 
220 species of honey plants in the arid regions of the 
Syr Darya. It has also been established that lipa flowers 
acclimatized in the Tashkent Botanical Garden produce 
4-6 to 16-18 mg of nectar, and the nectar concentration 
is 55-60% (Shumaeva, 1972). 

In the Khorezm region, R.S.Sobirov (1972, 1982) 
identified 236 species of honey plants belonging to 142 
genera and 47 families. Under the scientific supervision 
of G. Hamidov, the postgraduate student R. 
Mukhamatzyanov (1977, 1980) studies the honey 
plants of the Surkhandarya region. There are 487 
species of honey plants in this region. According to 
R.Kh.Khudoyberganov (1959), when cultivating capers, 
the nectar yield reached 990 kg/ha. [3]  

A number of researchers Golovkova (1966), Ziyadov 
(1967), Linov (1970, 1971, 1972), Kashchenko, 
Bushkova (1971), and Rahmonov (1971) studied honey 
plants in neighboring Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. 

When cross-pollinated by bees, the yield of alfalfa and 
legumes increases by 35-40%, sunflower by 50-60%, 
and melons by 100-150% (Ponomareva, 1973, Gluxov, 
1974, Krivtsov, et al.). 

METHODS 

Since 1960, at the Institute of Botany of the Academy 
of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, G. Hamidov 
has been widely studying honey plants and their 
resources in almost all regions, as well as in the border 
regions of Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Kazakhstan 
(Arslanbob, Shahimardan, Pochchaota, Zamin, 
Sangardak, Bobotoğ, Kuhitangtoğ). The nectar 
extraction and nectar concentration of the medium-
staple (28 varieties) and fine-staple (17 varieties) 
cotton varieties common in Uzbekistan are 
determined. For the first time, the resources of honey 
plants in the context of desert, foothill, mountain, and 
pasture zones of our country's vegetation cover have 
been determined. A total of 38 species of plants were 
planted in the experimental plots, including sainfoin, 
rapeseed, lion's tail, bluegrass, Kashkarbeda, 
Tograykhon, lemon grass, sage, and their bio-ecological 
state and nectar extraction were studied. All nectar 
resources, natural species, cultivated species, cotton, 
hemp, fruit orchards, melons, and others are 
counted.[5] 

The impact of ecological factors on Uzbekistan's honey 
plants and nectar production and other data were 
presented at the International Congresses on 
Beekeeping. A monograph and several brochures have 
been published on this topic. For the first time, the 
author compiled a map of Uzbekistan's honey plants. 
(Map of honey-bearing lands of Uzbekistan, scale 1: 
1000 000, G.Hamidov, 1985). [1] 

Beekeeping is an important branch of agriculture, and 
about 70 enzymes, vitamins, hormones, and other 
chemically active substances have been found in 
honey, which is an extremely beneficial food for 
humans, and in bee milk, propolis, bee products, which 
are considered raw materials for industry. They are an 
important source for treatment. 

In addition, beekeeping plays an important role in 
increasing crop yields. It turned out that 80% of 
flowering plants in our biosphere are susceptible to 
cross-pollination, and the proportion of bees among 
insects ensuring their cross-pollination is 80% 
(Beekeeping of Entomophile Crops and Honey 
Base,1981). 

The development of beekeeping depends on providing 
it with sufficient fodder. Their food source is nectar and 
pollen released by the plants' flowers. In our country, 
the main food source for beekeeping industries is 
natural meadows, large orchards, flower beds, cotton 
fields, shrubs, sunflowers, hemp plantations, melon 
crops, ornamental plants, and others. Bees play an 
important role in cross-pollination of cotton 
plantations and increasing their yields. 

The results of the conducted experiments show that 
the yield of cotton fields pollinated by bees increased 
by 10-23%. Advanced experience in beekeeping has 
shown that with each bee colony placed in cotton 
fields, up to 20-40 kg of honey can be obtained (G. 
Khmidov, 1976). [1] 

Calculations show that the income from the pollination 
of all agricultural crops by bees is several times greater 
than the income from their direct products. 

On the instructions of the regional administration of 
the Fergana Regional Beekeepers Association, within 
the framework of the Agrolinx project, which manages 
the activities of farmers caring for fruit trees in the 
region, a study will be conducted on the industrial 
pollination of fruit orchards and its impact on yields. 
Experimental work was carried out in the conditions of 
the Quvasoy and Fergana districts. The experiment was 
conducted on fruit crops widely distributed in the 
Fergana Valley, as well as across the republic: peach, 
quince, persimmon, apricot, apple, plum, almond, 
cherry, and sweet cherry (a total of 9 species). It was 
also established that when cotton and sunflower plants 
were pollinated by bees according to the above-
mentioned project, their yield increased by 4.8 and 
11.2 centners/ha.[3] 

These and other studies have shown that pollinating 
fruit trees, sunflowers, alfalfa, sainfoin, melons, and 
other crops by bees significantly increases their yield. 

FINDINGS 



American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations 29 https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajahi 

American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations (ISSN: 2771-2559) 
 

 

Considering the prospects for studying beekeeping and 
honey plants in our country, it is necessary to consider 
the timely, efficient, and comprehensive use of natural 
and cultivated plant resources. We have enormous 
opportunities for the development of beekeeping, 
which is considered a highly profitable industry. It is 
necessary to consider the distribution of vegetation 
cover by vertical zones, the sequence of flowering of 
plants according to their biological properties, and the 
duration of their ontogenesis. To increase the 
productivity of beekeeping industries, it is necessary to 
use advanced technologies and experience. Using 
strong bee colonies, increasing labor productivity, using 
strong and healthy bee colonies in the farm, providing 
them with sufficient and quality feed throughout the 
year is an important factor. For the development of a 
healthy bee colony in spring, it is desirable to have 6-8 
kg of honey and one or two frames of pollen.[5] 

It is necessary to search for prospects for providing the 
beekeeping industry of our republic with feed sources. 
In this matter, we must pay attention to the following: 

Timely and effective use of the entire vegetation cover 
of our republic; 

- Timely placement of bee colonies in orchards 
(agrocenoses) consisting of all fruit trees and shrubs; 

- Placement of bee colonies in all cotton fields; 

- Effective use of sunflower, alfalfa, sainfoin, rapeseed, 
and other plants; 

- If possible, create an artificial source of honey plants 
by planting such important honey plants as 
qashqarbeda, rapeseed, arslonquyruq, tog'rayxon, 
kiyikuti, kokuti (sinyak) in limited areas; 

Identifying factors that positively influence the 
production of nectar by plants; 

- Determination of nectar secretion dynamics; 

- Conducting research aimed at determining the 
function of nectar secreted by plant flowers; 

- Study of the coevolution of bees and nectar plants; 

- Studying agrotechnical and other factors that 
positively.[6] The beautiful nature and climatic 
conditions of our republic allow for the successful 
development of beekeeping, as well as all branches of 
agriculture. Our vast meadows, diverse hills, boundless 
orchards, cotton fields, ornamental shrubs, trees, and 
flower beds serve as a great source of food for bees. 
Nevertheless, we can say that at present, the level of 
development of this sector of the economy cannot fully 
meet the growing demand and needs of our people. 

REFERENCES 

Khamidov, G. (1988). honey resources of uzbekistan 
and ways of their rational use. autoref. diss. 

Khamidov G.Kh., Davidov M.A., Akbarova M.Kh., 
Kholikulov M.R. Uzbekistan's Honey Plants and 
Prospects of Beekeeping. Fergana: poligraf super 
servis. 2019. 156 с. 

Khamidov, G., Xoliqulov, M., & Omonboyev, T. (2022). 
classification of honey plants. central asian research 
journal for interdisciplinary studies (carjis), 2(special 
issue 2), 173-179.  

Holikulov, M. R., & Hamidov, G. H. (2022). Floristic 
composition of honey plants of the Fergana Valley and 
ways of their rational use and protection. The journal 
presents scientific reviews, articles of a problematic 
and scientific-practical nature, 

History of the Study of Honey Plants Kholikulov M. R. 
Senior Lecturer at Fergana State University.  Scientific 
Journal Impact Factor SJIF 2022: 5.947 Advanced 
Sciences Index Factor. 

Toreniyazova V.S. Monitoring and evaluation of the 
resource base of honey-bearing plants in the south aral 
region territory 
https://www.bjisrd.com/index.php/bjisrd/article/view
/1950   

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