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 VOLUME Vol.05 Issue06 2025 

PAGE NO. 7-13 

DOI 10.37547/ajahi/Volume05Issue06-02 

 
 
 
 

Selection of Promising Erect Chickpea (Cicer Arietinum 

L.) Germplasm Accessions Based on Biometric Indicators 
 

 Guljakhan Mirsharipova Kamalovna 

Associate Professor, Department of Agro-Soil Science and Reclamation, Gulistan State University, Uzbekistan 

 

Bakhrom Kholboev 

PhD in Biological Sciences, Associate Professor, Uzbekistan 

 

Dildora Xo‘djakulova 

Lecturer, Department of Agro-Soil Science and Reclamation, Gulistan State University, Uzbekistan 

 

 Imomnazarov Odiljon 

Head of the Department of "Veterinary Diagnostics and Food Safety" of the Nukus Branch of the Samarkand State University of 

Veterinary Medicine, Animal Husbandry and Biotechnologies, Uzbekistan 

 

Shavkat Botirov 

Department of Agro-Soil Science and Reclamation, Gulistan State University, Uzbekistan 

 

Farangiz Nurullaeva 

Master's Student, Department of Agro-Soil Science and Reclamation, Gulistan State University, Uzbekistan 

 

 

Received: 11 April 2025; Accepted: 07 May 2025; Published: 09 June 2025 

 

Abstract: This article presents the results of a study conducted under weakly saline soil conditions using collected 
chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) samples. High-yielding chickpea accessions such as FLIP 98-189c (25.5 t/ha), FLIP 98-
140c (32.6 t/ha), FLIP 98-116c (26.6 t/ha), and FLIP 98-183c (25.7 t/ha) were identified and recommended for 
breeding purposes. Accessions FLIP 98-121c, FLIP 97-25c, FLIP 98-183c, and FLIP 98-189c demonstrated superior 
performance in terms of 1000-grain weight and are recommended as initial sources for breeding programs.   

 

Keywords: Chickpea, germplasm, correlation, yield, yield components, factor analysis. 

 

Introduction: Chickpea is among the most significant 
leguminous crops, valued for its high content of 
protein, carbohydrates, and fiber, and it plays a vital 
role in the food industry. As a drought-tolerant legume, 
chickpea also enhances soil fertility. Although it is 
primarily cultivated in drylands, recent efforts have 
aimed to grow chickpea on arable lands susceptible to 
waterlogging and salinization. For this purpose, 
breeding programs tailored to regional agro-climatic 
conditions are essential, focusing on scientifically 
grounded selection of initial genetic sources. 

Yield remains the primary trait for selecting varieties 
suitable for specific environmental conditions. 
Although it is a complex quantitative trait influenced by 
both genotype and environment, high yield under 
natural local conditions reflects a genotype's 
adaptability. Additionally, productivity depends on 
yield components. 

In the Syrdarya region’s weakly saline soils, when 
chickpea varieties such as “Uzbekistan-32” (control), 
FLIP 98-140c, FLIP 98-1116c, FLIP 98-152c, and FLIP 98-
183c were planted in the autumn using various row 

 

https://doi.org/10.37547/ajahi/Volume05Issue06-02
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajahi/Volume05Issue06-02
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajahi/Volume05Issue06-02
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajahi/Volume05Issue06-02
https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5760-8474
https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9971-5357


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American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations (ISSN: 2771-2559) 
 

 

spacings (60×10×1, 60×15×1, 60×20×1), the highest 
number of pods, grains, and grain mass was observed 
in the 60×20×1 planting pattern. However, decreasing 
plant spacing led to fewer grains per plant and an 
increase in individual grain size. All chickpea samples 
exceeded the control in 1000-grain weight (69–128 g) 
[6; 71–75]. 

According to O. Soipov [13; 22], planting larger seed 
fractions resulted in an additional 1.5 t/ha grain yield (a 
27.4% increase), and even higher fractions led to a 2.1 
t/ha yield increase (29.5%). In saline, irrigated lands of 
the Syrdarya region, chickpea seeds ("Malhotra" 
variety) were fractionated into very small to very large 
sizes. For quality seed material, an 8.0 mm sieve is 
recommended [3; 262–264]. 

Previous studies have shown that grain length and 
width are largely genotype-dependent, while grain 
mass is influenced by the environment. Larger grain 
fractions improve seed quality and germination—by 
13–18% in soybean and 10–11% in chickpea. A weak 
correlation exists between grain length and thickness, 
while a strong correlation exists between width and 
thickness, with a weak positive correlation between 
seed mass and germination [3; 262–264; 4; 28–33]. 

Chickpea productivity is also influenced by external 
conditions and agronomic practices. According to Z.K. 
Yuldasheva, yields reached 28.7–31.0 t/ha in autumn 
and 26.8–27.0 t/ha in spring, depending on row 
spacing. "Uzbekistan-32" achieved 36–37 c/ha, 
"Yulduz" 31.1–32.4 c/ha, and "Lazzat" 26.8–27.8 c/ha. 
The highest yields occurred in wider row spacings and 
when the “Uzbekistan-32” variety was planted in 
double rows spaced at 60 cm [16; 32–33]. 

It was observed that dense plantings (60×10×1) led to 
higher yields in accessions FLIP 98-140c (25–36.1 c/ha) 
and FLIP 98-1116c (25.4–39 c/ha) [9; 22; 11; 172–174]. 

G.K. Mirsharipova (2010), Z.K. Yuldasheva (2002), and 
A.A. Abdiev (2008) confirmed that the height of the 

lower pods is lower in early-sown and densely planted 
chickpeas compared to late or sparse plantings [1; 9; 
15; 41–56]. 

These findings demonstrate that quantitative traits 
vary with genotype and environment. Therefore, 
applying statistical methods—particularly factor 
analysis—is essential for identifying promising 
germplasm adapted to local conditions [2; 23–25; 3; 
243–245]. 

In addition, detailed studies of saline soils in the 
Mirzachul region have provided insights into their 
characteristics and recommendations for improving 
their fertility [17; 18]. Using factor analysis, it was 
determined that the vetch variety Mirzachul-1 exhibits 
salinity tolerance [4; 4–7]. 

Objective 

To identify promising erect chickpea genotypes suitable 
for the soil and climatic conditions of the Syrdarya 
region. 

METHODS 

The study involved 25 chickpea accessions, with 
“Uzbekistan-32” used as the control. All accessions 
were planted in a 60×10×1 pattern. Phenological 
observations and biometric measurements were 
conducted according to the manual published by the 
Cotton Research Institute [12; 15–140], and primary 
data were analyzed using a statistical software program 
[14; 65–107; 5; 45–100]. 

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 

Table 1 presents the biometric traits of the chickpea 
accessions. The average pod weight per plant was 24.9 
g, ranging from 13.3 g to 41.0 g across genotypes. 
Similarly, pod number per plant averaged 48.5, with a 
minimum of 24.6 and a maximum of 80.4. 

Grain weight per plant averaged 17.6 g, ranging from 
4.8 g to 29.2 g. Grain number per plant ranged from 4.4 
to 88.4, with an average of 51.6. 

Table 1 

Biometric indicators of standing pea genotypes 
Genotypes On a single plant Producti

vity, 

ts/ha 

 

Legumes Grain Legumes 

A grain 

in one 

grain 

quantity, 

piece 

 

Grain 

output 

% 

1000 

grain 

weight 

 

weight, 

g 

quantity

, piece 

weight

, g 

quantity, 

piece 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 

Uzbekistan-32 

(control) 29,4 72,3 22,6 88 1,2 77,3 258,8 22,8 

FLIP 98-189c  (17) 29,9 53,1 24,6 76,1 1,3 84,3 325,8 25,5 

FLIP 98-189c  (24) 13,4 25,2 10,6 27,2 1,1 79,1 389,5 11.0 



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American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations (ISSN: 2771-2559) 
 

 

FLIP 98-17c 25,9 54,9 10,6 27,2 1,1 73,4 302,3 17.0 

FLIP 97-254c 24,9 56,9 18,7 55,8 0,9 75,1 340,2 16,7 

FLIP 98-212c 27,4 57,2 20,8 65,7 1,1 75,9 351,2 17.0 

FLIP 97-147c 25,5 47 19,3 54,1 1,2 75,7 355,8 17,7 

FLIP 98-218c 20,2 40,9 15,3 48,5 1,75 75,7 322,6 16.0 

FLIP 98-121 (62) 24,4 49,6 18,4 53,3 1,1 75,4 343,9 18,5 

FLIP 98-121c (68) 24,2 39,3 16,9 40,6 1,0 69,8 474,9 15,5 

FLIP 98-204c  (69) 20,1 41,5 14,5 48,3 1,2 72,1 296 12,6 

FLIP 97-25c 27,9 46,6 21,3 53,9 1,3 76,3 390,6 19,2 

FLIP 98-197c 33.0 37 4,8 40,1 1,1 75,2 369,7 20,3 

FLIP 97-32c 22,1 39,5 16,4 44,4 1,0 71,8 371,7 15,0 

FLIP 98-129c 22.0 52,3 16,5 56 1,0 74 293,3 17,0 

FLIP 98-107c 18,9 41,4 14,5 52,4 1,2 76,8 295,4 15,8 

FLIP 98-182c 22,9 42,3 19,2 49,5 1,4 71,8 339,2 17,0 

FLIP 98-201c 21,3 49,5 16,7 53,4 1,1 78,1 312,1 18,0 

FLIP 97-231c 24,8 60,2 19,4 60,5 1,0 76,9 312,5 20,0 

ILC-533 (106) 13,3 24,6 10,4 27,3 1,1 79,9 371,2 8,0 

FLIP 98-140c 41.0 80,4 29,2 88,4 1,1 71,3 331,3 32,6 

FLIP 98-116c 30,7 56,5 22,6 63 1,1 74,1 359,7 26,6 

FLIP 98-152c 28,6 48,7 19,3 52,9 1,1 67,9 365,3 22,0 

FLIP 98-183c 33.0 53,2 22,4 57,8 1,1 68,1 389,3 25,7 

FLIP 98-116c  (91) 17,2 43,1 14,5 4,4 1.0 84 340,4 17,5 

Average 

24.9 

±1,3 

48,5 

±2,5 

17,6 

±1,0 

51,6 

±3,7 

1,1 

±0,01 

75,2 

±0,8 

344,1±

8,7 

18,6 

±1,0 

Minimum 13,3 24,6 4,8 4,4 0,9 67,9 258,8 8,0 

Maximum 41,0 80,4 29,2 88,4 1,8 84,3 474,9 32,6 

The average number of grains per pod was 1.1. Grain 
output was 75.2%, and the 1000-grain weight averaged 
344.1 g, with a range of 258.8 to 474.9 g. 

Productivity, a key indicator, averaged 18.6 c/ha, with 
the lowest being 8.0 c/ha and the highest 32.6 c/ha. 
The variability in performance reflects the genotypic 
diversity and morphological characteristics of each 
accession. 

From the results of the initial statistical analysis of the 
primary data, it became clear that the genotypes of 
upright pea differed from each other in quantitative 
characteristics. This is natural. Because each collection 
sample is a genotype and has its own morphological 
characteristics and features. It is important to conduct 

targeted selection work among them, to select those 
that are important for selection. In this case, first of all, 
it is advisable to have complete information about each 
quantitative characteristic and select genotypes using 
them. In this case, it was determined that the 
correlation analysis can be used to evaluate 
quantitative traits and to select genotypes using them 
[15; 25-105-б]. This can also be seen from the data in 
the following figure (Figure 1). From the data in the 
figure, it can be seen that there is an average strong 
(r=0.744) correlation between the weight of pods per 
plant (number 1 represents the number of seeds per 
plant) and the number of grains per plant (2). This is 
natural. Because as the number of grains increases, 
their weight also increases.  

 

 

 

 

 



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A moderate correlation was observed between the 
weight of pea pods per plant (1) and the weight of 
grains per plant (3) (r=0.599) and the number of grains 
per plant (4) (r=0.683), while a strong correlation was 
observed between productivity (r=0.844). So, the 
productivity of pea genotypes depends first on pod 
weight, followed by the number of pods, the number of 
grains and its weight. A strong correlation (r=0.747, 
0.759, 0.785) was observed between the number of 
pods per plant (2) and grain weight per plant (3), and 
between grain number (4) and productivity (8). The 
same result was found between the number of formed 
grains (4) per plant and productivity (8) (r=0.675).  

An inverse correlation (r=-0.399) was observed 
between the percentage of grain in the pod (grain yield) 
(6) and the weight of pods per plant (1). This meant that 
an increase in pod weight  

decreased the percentage of grain in the pod. An 
inverse correlation (r=-0.438) was found between the 
1000-grain weight (7) and the number of pods per plant 
(2). This meant that an increase in the number of pods 
led to a corresponding decrease in the 1000-grain 
weight. 

In general, weak, medium, and strong correlations 

were observed between the traits of upright pea. It was 
noted that productivity primarily depended on pod 
weight, number of grains, and grain weight per plant. 
An increase in pod number led to a decrease in 1000- 

 

 

 

 

 

grain weight. 

As we noted above, it was found that there are varying 
degrees of correlation between the traits of upright pea 
genotypes. So, since quantitative traits are correlated 
to varying degrees, there is a commonality in this 
relationship. In this case, factor analysis can be used. 
Factor analysis is one of the modern statistical 
programs, the main task of which is to divide 
quantitative traits into groups or factors according to 
the degree of correlation between them [15; 25-105-
p]. Because the basis of factor analysis is correlation 
analysis. When traits are interconnected, they can have 
a common trait. We can determine this using the data 
in Table 2 below. From the data in the table, the factor 
loadings for the first factor were the highest for 
indicators such as the weight of pods per plant (0.882), 
the number of pods per plant (0.916), the weight of 
grains per plant (0.850), the number of grains per plant 
(0.878), and yield (0.909). 

 

 

 

 

 

1 

 

2 

 

3 

 

5 

 

4 

 

6 

 

7 

 

8 

 

 

 The numbers are symbols and the lines 

between them represent the correlation 

coefficient and its level: 1. weight of pods 

in one plant, g; 2. number of pods, 

pieces; 3. grain weight in one plant, g 4- 

the number of grains; 5- the number of 

grains in one pod, piece; 6 grain 

output,%; 7-1000 grain weight, g; 8- 

yield, ts/ha 

1 Figure 1. Level of correlations between quantitative traits of standing pea 

genotypes. 

      r=0.3-0.5;             r=0.3-0.5;          r=>0.7;                r=-0.3-0.5. 



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American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations (ISSN: 2771-2559) 
 

 

Table 2 

Factor loadings of quantitative traits of standing pea genotypes 

 

Signs   Factor loadings of pea symptoms  

1 2 3 4 

Weight of pods in one plant, g  0,882 -0,273 0,047 0,039 

The number of dukas in one plant, pcs 0,916 0,143 -0,259 -0,112 

Grain weight per plant, g  0,850 0,028 0,074 0,258 

The number of grains in one plant, pcs  0,878 0,178 0,108 -0,039 

The number of grains in one pod, grain  0,015 0,483 0,865 0,037 

Grain output, % -0,304 0,674 -0,305 0,587 

1000 grain weight, g  -0,246 -0,814 0,227 0,456 

Productivity, ts/ha  0,909 -0,081 -0,013 0,190 

In this case, based on the characteristics of these traits, 
this factor can be called “yield.” Because the weight of 
pods on one plant, their weight, the number of grains, 
and their weight have a positive effect on yield, and 
there is a high correlation between them (as noted 
above). 

A relatively high factor loading on the second factor 
was observed for the indicator called the proportion of 
grain in the pod or grain yield (0.674). This factor can 
be called the "proportion of grain" in the legume. 

Relatively high loading on the third factor was recorded 
on the number of grains in one pod (0.865), while on 
the fourth factor it was recorded on the weight of 1000 
grains (0.456). 

Based on these data, the most promising genotypes of 
standing pea were selected. Factor loadings of each 
genotype were determined. These data are presented 
in table 3. From the data in the table, according to the 
first factor (recall that the first factor is productivity), 
genotypes such as serial number №1 (Uzbekistan-32-
control) (1.473), №2 (FLIP 98-189c (0.982), №21 (FLIP 
98-140c) (2.712), №22 (FLIP 98-116c) (1.018), №24 FLIP 
98-183c (0.998) had high indicators in terms of factor 
loadings. This was the basis for recognizing these 
genotypes as productive genotypes. The productivity of 

these genotypes was 22.8 c/ha in the Uzbekistan-32 
(control) variety, №2 (FLIP 98-189c -25.5 c/ha, №21 
(FLIP 98-140c-32.6 , №22 (FLIP 98-116c)-26.6, and FLIP 
No. 24 98-183c-25.7 c/ha were found to be productive 
genotypes. It was also noted that these genotypes were 
superior to the control variety Uzbekistan-32. 

According to the second factor (the proportion of grain 
in the ear), genotypes such as No. 2 (FLIP 98-189c 
(1.544), No. 8 (FLIP 98-218c) (1.579), No. 16 (FLIP 98-
107c) (1.04) can be noted. The proportion of grain in 
the ear in these genotypes was 84.3; 75.37 and 76.8%, 
respectively, and differed from the others. 

The third factor (number of grains per pod) showed 
differences in the indicators of genotypes No. 8 (FLIP 
98-218c) (3.124), No. 12 (FLIP 97-25c) and No. 17 (FLIP 
98-182c) (1.720). The number of grains per pod in these 
genotypes was 1.75; 1.3 and 1.4. 

The fourth factor provided information about 
genotypes with high 1000-grain weight, including No. 2 
(FLIP 98-189c) (2.504), No. 3 (FLIP 98-189c (0.875), No. 
10 (FLIP 98-121c) (0.774), No. 12 (FLIP 97-25c) (1.363), 
No. 20 (ILC-533) (0.590), No. 25 (FLIP 98-116c) (1.628). 
The 1000-grain weight in these genotypes was 325.8 -
474.9 g. 

 

Table 3 

Factor loadings of standing pea genotypes 

 

№ Factor loadings of genotypes  № Factor loadings of genotypes  

 1 2 3 4  1 2 3 4 

1 1,473 1,681 -0,50 -0,65 14 -0,52 -0,99 -0,22 -0,50 

2 0,982 1,544 0,216 2,504 15 -0,00 0,386 -1,01 -1,35 

3 -1,84 -0,17 -0,09 0,875 16 -0,52 1,04 -0,00 -0,74 

4 -0,39 0,09 -0,67 -1,65 17 -0,13 0,204 1,720 -0,61 

5 0,168 -0,31 -1,41 -0,30 18 -0,15 0,76 -0,65 -0,04 

6 0,446 0,021 -0,26 0,259 19 0,455 0,454 -1,21 -0,15 

7 0,030 0,023 0,409 0,404 20 -1,97 0,178 -0,23 0,590 



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8 -0,50 1,579 3,124 -0,27 21 2,712 -0,44 -0,19 0,184 

9 0,048 -0,01 -0,24 0,057 22 1,018 -0,49 -0,05 0,712 

10 -0,56 -2,60 0,483 0,774 23 0,463 -1,28 0,495 -0,89 

11 -0,58 0,490 0,348 -1,88 24 0,998 -1,65 0,610 -0,08 

12 0,190 -0,23 1,125 1,363 25 -1,24 0,620 -1,70 1,628 

13 -0,53 -0,87 -0,03 -0,20      

CONCLUSIONS 

1. In the collection samples of standing peas, the 
average weight of pods in one plant was 24.9, the 
number of pods was 48.5, the weight of grains was 17.6 
g, and the number of grains was 51.6. The number of 
grains in one pod was 1.1, the share of grain in the pod 
was 75.2%, the weight of 1000 grains was 344.1 g, and 
the yield was equal to 18.6 t/h on average. 

2. It was found that the correlation between pea traits 
is weak, medium and strong. Productivity was noted to 
be moderately to strongly correlated with pod number, 
weight, grain number and weight. 

3. Among the upright pea collection samples, FLIP 98-
189c (25.5 c/ha), FLIP 98-140c (32.6 c/ha), FLIP 98-116c 
(26.6 c/ha) and FLIP 98-183c (25.7 c/ha) were 
recognized as promising high-yielding genotypes, and 
these varieties were recommended for inclusion in the 
breeding process. 

4. Collection samples of pea FLIP 98-121c, FLIP 97-25c, 
FLIP 98-183c, FLIP 98-189c were recommended as a 
starting source for carrying out selection work, being 
superior to others in terms of weight of 1000 grains. 

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