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 VOLUME Vol.05 Issue06 2025 

PAGE NO. 20-23 

DOI 10.37547/ajahi/Volume05Issue06-04 

 
 
 
 

The Effect Of Various Agrotechnological Measures On 

The Chickpea Plant And The Number Of Weeds In 

Rainfed Fields 
 

Khayitalieva Madina Khudoyarovna 

Basic doctoral student of Gulistan State University, Uzbekistan 

 

Muratkasimov Alisher Sattorovich 

PhD, Senior research fellow, Lalmikor Agricultural Research Institute, Uzbekistan 

 

Musurmanov Alisher Amirkulovich 

PhD, Associate professor, Gulistan State University, Uzbekistan 

 

 

Received: 11 April 2025; Accepted: 07 May 2025; Published: 19 June 2025 

 

Abstract: This article presents the research results on the impact of fertilization rates on the number of chickpea 
plants and weeds in rainfed fields. The research was conducted at the “Zomin Bodomtepa Adiri” farm, located 
near the Zomin National Nature Park in the Zomin district.   

 

Keywords: Soil fertility, mineral fertilizers, various agrotechnological measures, mulching, crop rotation, number 
of plants, weeds. 

 
Introduction: According to the Strategy for the 

Development of Agriculture of the Republic of 

Uzbekistan for 2020–2030, important strategic tasks 

have been defined, including: “…the consistent 

development of agricultural production, strengthening 

the country's food security, increasing the production 

of environmentally friendly products, and mitigating 

the negative impact of global climate change on the 

development of agriculture.” Therefore, it is of 

particular importance to improve the agrophysical and 

agrochemical properties of soils widespread in rainfed 

areas, to make effective use of natural moisture, and to 

increase soil fertility and crop productivity by 

cultivating leguminous crops and studying their effect 

on soil fertility. 

At present, the area of land used for agricultural crop 

cultivation globally amounts to 1.6 billion hectares, of 

which 1.3 billion hectares are rainfed lands, accounting 

for 60% of agricultural output. Therefore, ensuring the 

effective use of rainfed lands in agricultural production 

and maintaining and increasing soil fertility through 

improved methods of cultivating leguminous crops is 

one of today's pressing tasks. 

Efficient use of rainfed lands, alongside irrigated areas, 

is essential to more fully meet the population’s needs 

for grain and flour products, high-protein and dietary 

legumes, oilseeds, and vegetable crops. 

Rainfed fields have specific soil and climatic conditions, 

and the farming systems and agrotechnologies applied 

differ from those used in other regions. This is primarily 

due to the sharply continental climate, with cold 

winters and hot summers. Most precipitation falls in 

winter and spring. In many years, starting from the 

second half of May, precipitation significantly 

decreases, temperatures rise, and both air and soil 

become dry, which slows photosynthesis. Under such 

conditions, all agrotechnological measures should aim 

to ensure the effective use of natural moisture [1]. 

 

https://doi.org/10.37547/ajahi/Volume05Issue06-04
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajahi/Volume05Issue06-04


American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations 21 https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajahi 

American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations (ISSN: 2771-2559) 
 

 

The research is being conducted at the “Zomin 

Bodomtepa Adiri” farm, located near the Zomin 

National Nature Park in Zomin district. Geographically, 

Zomin district lies in the western part of Jizzakh region. 

The area consists of sedimentary rocks from the 

Paleozoic era (Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous 

periods), including limestone, crystalline schist, and 

sandstone. Karst formations are widespread in areas 

composed of Devonian limestone, including karrens 

and sinkholes, especially on the edge of the Supa 

plateau and the Ko‘lsoy gorge. Paleogene and 

especially Neogene deposits, including reddish clay, 

sandstone, and conglomerates, are widely spread in 

the central part of the Ko‘lsoy and Qizilmozorsoy 

basins, forming a variety of landforms. The climate of 

the National Nature Park is a typical mountainous 

climate, with cold winters and relatively cool summers. 

According to the Ko‘lsoy meteorological station, the 

absolute minimum temperature is –32°C, and the 

absolute maximum is +33°C. The highest temperatures 

are recorded in July and August, and the lowest in 

December and January. The frost-free period lasts 

approximately 140 days. The long-term average annual 

precipitation ranges from 450 mm to 700–800 mm. 

Winters in the park are stable and last about 5 months. 

In high mountain areas, snow cover persists from 

November until May–June [2]. 

Research Methods 

The field experiments in this study were conducted 

based on the methodological guidelines developed by 

scientists of UzPITI (Uzbek Research Institute of Plant 

Industry and Technologies), namely the 

"Methodological Manual for Conducting Field 

Experiments". The methods for determining plant 

population and weed density were based on the State 

Variety Testing Methodology for Agricultural Crops, 

and statistical analysis of the obtained data was carried 

out in accordance with B.A. Dospekhov’s 

methodological work "Methods of Field Experiments". 

The applied agrotechnological practices were based on 

recommendations developed by the Scientific Research 

Institute of Rainfed Agriculture. 

Research Results 

Increasing soil fertility and achieving stable yields in 

rainfed areas are among the most pressing agro-

economic challenges. The research indicates that 

leguminous crops, particularly chickpeas, play a 

significant role not only in ensuring food security but 

also in enriching the soil with nitrogen, thereby helping 

to restore and improve its fertility. 

Field experiments were conducted with 10 variants in 3 

replications. Two main agrotechnological approaches 

were tested in this experiment: 

• A1 – Traditional technology 

• A2 – Mulching technology 

During the vegetation period, plants were supplied 

with mineral fertilizers and biopreparations in various 

dosages. 

Each technology group (A1 and A2) included five 

variants, which differed by: 

• Type and quantity of fertilizer 

• Application method 

• Use of additional substances (biopreparations, 

fungicides, insecticides) 

In each variant, the number of plants per 1 m² 

permanent plot was observed, and both total and 

average values were recorded. 

Traditional Technology (A1) 

In the traditional technology (A1), plant density varied 

depending on the type and method of fertilizer 

application: 

• Variant 1 (control, no fertilizer): Average of 22 

plants per 1 m² 

• Variant 2: Application of P₄₀K₄₀ via 

broadcasting and N₃₀ during leaf emergence resulted in 

an average of 23.5 plants 

• Variant 3: Application of phosphorus and 

potassium via band (localized) method, with nitrogen 

applied during leaf emergence, recorded 24.5 plants on 

average 

• Variant 4: A combined NPK fertilizer strategy 

applied in two stages resulted in an average of 25.3 

plants 

• Variant 5: This variant included all of Variant 4's 

treatments, with the addition of a biopreparation 

(Rokogumin), a fungicide, and an insecticide, leading to 

an average of 25.8 plants under traditional technology 

conditions (see Table 1) 

Table 1. 

Effect of Chickpea Cultivation on Plant Population as a Means to Improve the Fertility of Rainfed Soils through 

the Enhancement of Legume Cultivation Methods 



American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations 22 https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajahi 

American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations (ISSN: 2771-2559) 
 

 

 

Technology № Variants 

Number of Plants in a 1 m² 

Permanent Plot 
 

Total 
Average 

1 2 3 4 

A1 – 

Traditional 

Technology 

1 Control variant without fertilizers 23 22 20 23 88 22,0 

2 

P₄₀ K₄₀ applied before sowing by 

broadcasting + N₃₀ at the 3–4 true 

leaf stage (spraying) 

27 20 24 23 94 23,5 

3 

P₃₀ K₃₀ applied locally (band 

method) + N₃₀ at the 3–4 true leaf 

stage (spraying) – branching stage 

25 26 24 23 98 24,5 

4 

N₂₀ P₃₀ K₂₀ applied locally (band 

method) + N₂₀ at the 3–4 true leaf 

stage (spraying) – branching stag 

25 26 23 27 101 25,3 

5 

N₂₀ P₃₀ K₂₀ applied locally (band 

method) + N₂₀ at the 3–4 true leaf 

stage (spraying) + RG 

(Rokogumin biopreparation) – 

2.5 L/ha + fungicide – 0.15 L/ha + 

insecticide – 0.15 L/ha – 

branching stage (suspension 

formulation) 

27 28 25 23 103 25,8 

A2 – Sowing 

Based on 

"Mulching" 

Technology 

(Using Straw) 

 

1 Control variant without fertilizers 25 24 25 26 100 25,0 

2 

P₄₀K₄₀ applied before sowing by 

broadcasting + N₃₀ at the 3–4 true 

leaf stage (spraying) 

23 24 28 27 102 25,5 

3 

P₃₀K₃₀ applied locally (band 

method) + N₃₀ at the 3–4 true leaf 

stage (spraying) – branching phase 

26 28 27 25 106 26,5 

4 

N₂₀P₃₀K₂₀ applied locally (band 

method) + N₂₀ at the 3–4 true leaf 

stage (spraying) – branching phase 

28 26 28 27 109 27,3 

5 

N₂₀P₃₀K₂₀ applied locally (band 

method) + N₂₀ at the 3–4 true leaf 

stage (spraying) + RG 

(Rokogumin biopreparation) – 

2.5 L/ha + fungicide – 0.15 L/ha + 

insecticide – 0.15 L/ha – 

branching phase (suspension) 

27 28 28 29 112 28,0 

 

 

In the A2 – Mulching Technology, mulching was 

performed using straw. The experimental results were 

significantly higher compared to the traditional 

technology. Under this approach, the number of plants 

in each variant was higher—even in the control variant 

without fertilizers, a noticeable difference was 

observed, with an average of 25 plants/m². In Variant 

2, the plant count reached 25.5. In Variant 3, with band 

fertilizer application, this indicator increased to 26.5. In 

Variant 4, an average of 27.3 plants was recorded. The 

best result was observed in Variant 5, where 

biopreparations and protective agents were applied — 

yielding 28.0 plants/m². This technology helped retain 

soil moisture, thereby improving seed germination 

rates and seedling viability. The organic cover created 

a favorable microclimate, increasing microbial activity 

in the soil, while integrated treatment with 

biopreparations and fertilizers enhanced plant health 

and development. 

In conclusion, the mulching technology proved superior 

to traditional methods, having a significant positive 

effect on plant population. The fertilizer-free control 

under mulching technology showed results comparable 

to fertilized variants in the traditional system, with 25 

plants/m². Band fertilization allowed for efficient 

fertilizer use, contributing to improved outcomes. The 



American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations 23 https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajahi 

American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations (ISSN: 2771-2559) 
 

 

combined use of biopreparations, fungicides, and 

insecticides strengthened plant vitality and biological 

activity. 

The experiments demonstrated that regardless of soil 

conditions, modern agrotechnical approaches—

especially ecological and biological technologies—

serve as effective tools for improving soil fertility and 

achieving stable yields. 

 

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