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American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations  
(ISSN – 2771-2559) 
VOLUME 04 ISSUE 05    Pages: 30-35 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 7. 471) (2024: 8.02) 
OCLC – 1290679216   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

Servi 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ABSTRACT 

In this article, various measures of biostimulants Tandem, Immunoactive biostimulants were applied to increase the 

biomass of Sadaf variety of sesame, and Fitovak biostimulant was studied as a standard for these biostimulants. 

Application of Tandem biostimulator 0,3 l/ha, Immunoactive 35 ml/ha and Fitovak (standard) 300 ml/ha has been 

proven to increase plant biomass. Immunoactive biostimulant has been found to have a positive effect on the growth 

and development of sesame. 

 

KEYWORDS 

Sesame, biostimulant, norm, biomass, stem, leaf, bud, flower, standard, oil, crops. 

 

INTRODUCTION

Sesame around the world today 3840 tons of products 

are grown annually on more than 78,5 million hectares 

of land in the world, and the average yield is 4,9 c/ha. 

Birma (4,9 c/ha), India (3,4 c/ha), China (10,2 c/ha), 

Burkina Faso (7,2 c/ha), Niger (5,0 c/ha) and Somalia 

(9,4 c/ha) took place are among the top 10 countries 

that grow sesame in the world, and the highest yield 

was observed in China. In the last 5 years, the price of 

one ton of sesame seeds has risen sharply from 800 US 

dollars to 1800 US dollars in the world markets. The 

main reason for this is the prolonged drought in the 

  Research Article 

 

EFFECT OF BIOSTIMULATOR NORMS ON GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT 

OF “SADAF” VARIETY OF SESAME 
 

Submission Date: May 21, 2024, Accepted Date:  May 26, 2024,  

Published Date: May 31, 2024 

Crossref doi: https://doi.org/10.37547/ajahi/Volume04Issue05-06 

 

 

Z.K.Yuldasheva  
Professor of department of Plant science and oil crops, Tashkent State Agrarian University, Uzbekistan 

 

N.A.Usmanova  
PhD student of department of Plant science and oil crops, Tashkent State Agrarian University, Uzbekistan 

 

 

Journal Website: 

https://theusajournals.

com/index.php/ajahi 

Copyright: Original 

content from this work 

may be used under the 

terms of the creative 

commons attributes 

4.0 licence. 

 

https://theusajournals.com
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajahi/Volume04Issue05-06
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajahi/Volume04Issue05-06


Volume 04 Issue 05-2024 31 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations  
(ISSN – 2771-2559) 
VOLUME 04 ISSUE 05    Pages: 30-35 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 7. 471) (2024: 8.02) 
OCLC – 1290679216   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

Servi 

African sesame-growing countries for the last 5-7 years 

[5]. 

The extensive works carried out in the field of wheat 

and grain crops in our republic should also be reflected 

in oilseed crops. However, the role of oil crops in 

meeting the demand for quality vegetable oil of the 

population of the republic is incomparable. Until the 

years of independence, oilseeds were cultivated only in 

small areas and were mainly used for natural crops and 

partly for livestock fodder, but now oilseeds are 

included in the country's food program, and attention 

has been paid to them. The creation of new selective 

varieties of these crops that are productive, quick-

ripening, high-quality, resistant to various abiotic and 

biotic factors and adapted to the different soil and 

climate conditions of our republic, mechanization and 

automation of their processing, and carrying out in-

depth research, taking into account the achievements 

of modern science, is one of the urgent issues [6]. 

Increasing the yield of food crops by 1,5-2,0 times to 

provide the population with food, clothing and health, 

using radically new methods of technical crop care, and 

introducing technologies that keep the environment 

clean are the one of the  urgent tasks of among it 

today. 

According to information, sesame fields have a 

significant place among oil crops and are mainly 

cultivated in India, China, Burma, Pakistan, African 

countries, southern regions of Europe and Mexico. 

Cultivated area of this plant is 7 mln.hectares, 

occupying 4% of the area of oil crops and 2,5 mln.tons 

of sesame seeds are harvested, the average yield is 0,4 

c/ha. The value of sesame oil is that it contains 35-39% 

of the most useful oleic acid and up to 47% of 

unsaturated linoleic acid. Due to these substances, 

sesame oil is one of the most preferred raw materials 

in the confectionery industry and perfumery [7]. 

Solutions for injection and ointments used in 

application are obtained from high-quality sesame oils. 

Sesame oil, after pressing, contains 116 nutritional units 

of one of the protein feeds for livestock. The demand 

for sesame seeds is increasing worldwide, and India 

(46,4% of the total volume) and Myanmar (21,4%) are 

among the countries that export it. The amount of 

sesame seeds exported annually in the USA is 1,1 billion 

dollars or 605,4 thousand tons [1]. 

Uzbekistan occupies 19th place in the world in the 

export of sesame seeds, 3,5 thousand tons of seeds are 

sold annually to 2,8 million. Sells for US dollars, our 

sesame is grown mainly in dry areas. Sesame has been 

cultivated in the countries of Central Asia for a long 

time, and its oil is appreciated and consumed by 

ordinary people. In recent years, due to the lack of 

water, sesame fields have been expanded and planted 

as a main and repeated crop. According to the 

information of the Republic Oil Industry Association, 

sesame fields in farmers’ fields are increasing year by 

year [2]. 

According to the latest information, due to the 

improvement of people's living conditions, the 

demand for sesame seeds and oil is also increasing, 

because now people are accustomed to a healthy 

lifestyle and a healthy diet. Depending on the color of 

sesame seeds, the market price is different, the 

purchase price of black seeds is more expensive, and 

white sesame seeds are sold cheaply because they are 

used only as a spice in the confectionery industry. Due 

to the fact that quality oil and raw materials for 

medicine are obtained from black sesame seeds, this 

seed is expensive in the market [3]. 

In particular, Ethiopian farmers managed to expand 

the sesame fields in recent years and are selling 

370,000 tons of sesame seeds to the world market in 



Volume 04 Issue 05-2024 32 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations  
(ISSN – 2771-2559) 
VOLUME 04 ISSUE 05    Pages: 30-35 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 7. 471) (2024: 8.02) 
OCLC – 1290679216   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

Servi 

2022. In 2021, they produced 320,000 tons of seeds 

throughout the country [4]. 

METHODS 

Scientific research work was conducted in 2023 in the 

fields of experimental scientific research and 

educational experimental farm of Tashkent State 

Agrarian University. 

The soil of the experimental farm is a typical sierozem 

that has been irrigated for a long time. This soil 

contains about 0,715-0,920% humus, about 0,065-

0,083% nitrogen, about 0,134-0,152% phosphorus and 

about 0,148-0,154% potassium. The mobile forms of 

nutrients in the experimental field are N–NO3 3,1-4,7 

mg/kg, P2O5 40,3-41,7 mg/kg and K2O 140,0-180,7 

mg/kg constitutes. The soil is not saline, and this soil 

differs in water permeability, softening complexity. 

In the field experiment, the Sadaf variety of sesame 

was planted in 8 variants, four repetition. The area 

occupied by each option was 28 m2, of which 14 m2 was 

taken into account, and the total area occupied by the 

experiment was 0,10 ha. Fitovak (standard) 300 ml/t, 

Tandem 0,3, 0,4, 0,5 l/t, Immunoactive 25, 30, 35 ml/t 

on the seed before planting sesame and Fitovak 

(standard) 300, 400 ml/ha, Tandem 0,3, 0,5 l/ha, 

Immunoactive 30 and 40 ml/ha were used. 

Based on the purposes and objectives of the 

experiments, phenological observations and 

calculations were made in the Sadaf variety of sesame. 

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 

The effect of the rate of biostimulants on the increase 

of the biomass of the Sadaf variety of sesame was 

studied in each phase, and the following were 

determined. An increase in biomass was observed in 

the variants treated with biostimulants compared to 

the control variant. In the second option, where 

Fitovak (standard) was used, the plant grew to a height 

of 80,1 cm, and the number of leaves was 40,5. 

Compared to the control option, the plant was 2,6 cm 

higher and the number of leaves was 2,3 more. 

In the third variant, where Tandem biostimulator was 

used at 0,3 l/ha per hectare, it was observed that the 

plant height and the number of leaves were less 

compared to the control and Fitovak (standard) 

biostimulator, and it was found to be less than 3,9 

units. It was found that the height of the plant and the 

number of leaves formed in the fourth and fifth 

options, where Tandem biostimulant was applied at 

0,4 and 0,5 l/ha per hectare, were higher compared to 

the control and Fitovak (standard) biostimulant 

options. In these variants, the height of the plant was 

81,4 and 81,7 cm, and the number of leaves was 42,6 

and 41,7 pieces. 

The application of immunoactive biostimulant was 

observed to have a positive effect on the development 

of sesame, and it was distinguished from other options 

studied in the experiment by having a high stem and a 

large number of leaves. When 25 ml/ha per hectare was 

applied in the budding phase, the height of the plant 

was 78,8 cm and the number of leaves was 42,7 pcs. 

Compared to the control, in the first option, where the 

Immunoactive biostimulator was used, the height of 

the plant increased by 1,3 cm and the number of leaves 

increased by 4,5 pieces, in the second option, where 

the rate of biostimulant was increased, it increased by 

3,8 cm and 6,0 pieces, and in the third option, it 

increased by 5,2 cm and 9,3 pieces. Using 

immunoactive biostimulant Fitovak standard 

biostimulant was found to increase plant height by 1,2-

2,6 cm and the number of leaves by 3,7-7,0 cm. 



Volume 04 Issue 05-2024 33 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations  
(ISSN – 2771-2559) 
VOLUME 04 ISSUE 05    Pages: 30-35 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 7. 471) (2024: 8.02) 
OCLC – 1290679216   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

Servi 

Table 1 

The effect of different norms of biostimulants on the biomass growth of the Sadaf variety 

of sesame 

O
p
ti

o
n

s 

T
h

e 
n
am

e 
o
f 

b
io

st
im

u
la

n
ts

 

B
io

st
im

u
la

n
t 

sp
en

d
in

g
 

n
o

rm
, 
m

l.
l/

 h
a 

Growth phases 

budding flowering 
boll 

formation 
ripening 

p
la

n
t 

h
ei

g
h
t,

 c
m

 

n
u
m

b
er

 o
f 

le
av

es
, 

p
cs

 

p
la

n
t 

h
ei

g
h
t,

 c
m

 

n
u
m

b
er

 o
f 

le
av

es
, 

p
cs

 

p
la

n
t 

h
ei

g
h
t,

 c
m

 

n
u
m

b
er

 o
f 

le
av

es
, 

p
cs

 

p
la

n
t 

h
ei

g
h
t,

 c
m

 

n
u
m

b
er

 o
f 

le
av

es
, 

p
cs

 

1 Control - 77,5 38,2 89,5 64,2 120,4 78,8 138,2 78 

2 
Fitovak 

(standard) 
300,0 80,1 40,5 107,4 72,1 140,5 115,5 144,7 114 

3 

Tandem 

0,3 74,9 36,6 109,6 60,6 145,4 102,8 161,9 100 

4 0,4 81,4 42,6 113,9 73,9 146,8 98,7 163,7 97 

5 0,5 81,7 41,7 109,4 72,4 147,8 100,1 169,4 100 

6 

Immunoactive 

25,0 78,8 42,7 117,7 77,5 142,8 113,9 153,2 112 

7 30,0 81,3 44,2 113,3 75,8 137,5 98,1 160,1 97 

8 35,0 82,7 47,5 113,0 81,2 143,9 102,5 163,0 102 

 

During the flowering and boll forming phase of 

sesame, the stems grew and the number of leaves 

increased accordingly. In the flowering phase, the 

control variant grew 89,5 cm, and the number of leaves 

was 64,2 pieces. In the second option, where the 

biostimulant Fitovak (standard) was used, the height 

of the plant was 107,4 cm, and the number of leaves 

was 72,1 pieces. Compared to the control option, in the 

second option, where the Fitovak biostimulator was 

used, it was found that the plant stem grew 17,9 cm 

higher and the number of leaves was 7,9 more. 

It was found that the height of the plant and the 

number of leaves in it were higher and more than the 



Volume 04 Issue 05-2024 34 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations  
(ISSN – 2771-2559) 
VOLUME 04 ISSUE 05    Pages: 30-35 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 7. 471) (2024: 8.02) 
OCLC – 1290679216   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

Servi 

other options in the experiment in the variant where 

the immunoactive biostimulant was applied at the 

norm of 35 ml/ha per hectare. The stem was 23,5 and 

5,6 cm, and the number of leaves was 17,0 and 9,1 more 

than the control and standard variant. 

It was observed that the height of the plants increased 

by 3,4-23,5 cm and the number of leaves increased by 

23,7 pcs. In this phase, it was evident that the 

biostimulants used in the experiment had a positive 

effect on the increase of plant biomass, and Tandem 

biostimulant was applied at the norm of 0,5 l per 

hectare, it was determined that the height of the plant 

was 147,8 cm and the number of leaves were 100,1 

more and compared to the control, the height of the 

plant was 27,4 cm and the number of leaves were 21,3 

more. 

At the end of the growing season, the stem growth of 

the sesame plant reached a high level, while the height 

of the sesame stem in the control variant was 132,8 cm, 

and the number of leaves in it was on average 78,0 

pieces. The application of Fitovak (standard) 

biostimulant had a positive effect on the growth of the 

stem of the plant, which was 144,7 cm, and compared 

to the control option, the stem was 6,5 cm higher and 

36,0 more leaves were formed. At the norm of 0,5 l/ha 

per hectare of Tandem biostimulant, the stem was 

169,4 cm and the number of leaves on it was 100,0 

pieces. 

Increasing the application rate of Tandem biostimulant 

ensured the growth of sesame stem, but did not have 

a positive effect on the increase in the number of 

leaves. It was determined that Fitavak (standard) 

formed 4,0 units less than the variant. 

The application of immunoactive biostimulant to 

sesame had a positive effect on the increase of stem 

height and number of leaves compared to control, 

Fitavak (standard) and Tandem biostimulant variants. 

In the first and third options, where the immunoactive 

biostimulator was used, compared to the control, the 

height of the plant increased from 15,0 cm to 24,8 cm. 

It was found that the number of sesame leaves was 

24,0 and 34,0 more than Fitavak (standard).  

CONCLUSION 

It was determined that the use of biostimulants has a 

positive effect on the increase of the biomass of the 

“Sadaf” variety of sesame, and it was observed that 

the Immunoactive biostimulant showed a higher rate 

than the Fitovak biostimulant, which was taken as a 

reference for biostimulants. The height of the stem and 

the number of leaves formed in each phase of sesame 

compared to control, Fitovak (standard) and all norms 

of Tandem biostimulators, a positive result was 

achieved in the option of using 35,0 liters of 

Immunoactive biostimulator per hectare. 

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and technology. 2022. P.121-127 (In Uzbek 

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2. Kolomeichenko V.V. Plant growing / Textbook. - M.: 

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3. Lavrov N.G. Rainfed farming. Tashkent publishing 

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Uzbekistan-E3S Web of Conferences, 2021, 258, 



Volume 04 Issue 05-2024 35 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations  
(ISSN – 2771-2559) 
VOLUME 04 ISSUE 05    Pages: 30-35 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 7. 471) (2024: 8.02) 
OCLC – 1290679216   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

Servi 

03015, https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20212258 

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view/159. (In English language).  

 


