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American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations  
(ISSN – 2771-2559) 
VOLUME 03 ISSUE 12    Pages: 18-23 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2021: 5. 705) (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 7. 471)  
OCLC – 1290679216   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

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ABSTRACT 

The comprehensive study of changes in the content of cytokinins, indole acetic acid (IAA) and abscisic acid ABA, 

growth rates, and development of potatoes during soil salinity NaCl. Studies have shown that the hormonal balance 

of potato organs throughout ontogenesis under the influence of NaCl salinity undergoes significant changes: the 

content of cytokines and auxins decreases, the level of ABA increases, as a result, the ratio of cytokines +IAA/ABA falls. 

These changes in the hormonal balance are not only the result of a stress response but also have an adaptive value. 

The conducted research allowed us to find out the relationship between changes in hormonal balance and 

physiological processes. 

KEYWORDS 

Salinity, Potatoes, Cytokines, Auxin, Hormone balance. 

INTRODUCTION

One of the most important tasks of modem biology 

and chemistry is to increase the resistance of plants at 

the stages of growth and development to external 

stress factors. Topical issues of these Sciences in this 

direction are considered to be the study of 

phytohormones, which play a major role in the 

development of plants. 

Potatoes, unlike other agricultural plants, are 

characterized by relative instability to the influence of 

external factors. But some abiotic and biotic factors 

  Research Article 

 

EFFECT OF SOIL SALINITY LEVELS ON PHYTOGORMONE BALANCE IN 

POTATO ADAPTATION 
 

Submission Date: December 02, 2023, Accepted Date:  December 06, 2023,  

Published Date: December 11, 2023  

Crossref doi: https://doi.org/10.37547/ajahi/Volume03Issue12-04 

 

 

Saidov Madilkhan Azizkhanovich 
Senior Lecturer, Department Of Biology, Gulistan State University, Doctor Of Philosophy In Biological Sciences, 

Uzbekistan 

 

Almamatov Bahromjon Uktamovich 
Senior Lecturer, Department Of Biology, Gulistan State University, Doctor Of Philosophy In Biological Sciences, 

Uzbekistan 

Journal Website: 

https://theusajournals.

com/index.php/ajahi 

Copyright: Original 

content from this work 

may be used under the 

terms of the creative 

commons attributes 

4.0 licence. 

 

https://theusajournals.com
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajahi/Volume03Issue12-04
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajahi/Volume03Issue12-04


Volume 03 Issue 12-2023 19 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations  
(ISSN – 2771-2559) 
VOLUME 03 ISSUE 12    Pages: 18-23 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2021: 5. 705) (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 7. 471)  
OCLC – 1290679216   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

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lead to negative consequences at the stages of growth 

and development of potatoes. In most cases, increased 

salinity of the soil can lead to the death of potatoes. In 

such cases, methods of phytohormonal regulation of 

growth and development of seedlings are widely used, 

which is of strategic importance in obtaining potential 

products [1-3]. 

Salts have a double effect on plant seedlings. First, they 

create high osmotic pressure in the soil solution, which 

leads to strong binding of water. This makes it difficult 

for the roots of plants to absorb water, which is called 

osmotic stress. Secondly, salt ions absorbed together 

with water have a depressing effect on the metabolic 

processes of plants, which is called ion stress [4]. 

Most researchers have linked the effect of salts on 

plants with the deterioration of the water balance and 

the toxicity of  Na+ and Cl-ions [5-7]. However, the role 

of phytohormones in protective and adaptive 

mechanisms is not sufficiently covered. 

In this work, a comprehensive study of changes in the 

content of cytokinins, IAA, and ABA, growth rates, and 

development of potatoes during salinization of NaCl 

soil was carried out. 

MATERIAL AND METHODS 

The experiment involved 5 cloned potato varieties 

(Solanum tuberosum L)-C-16, C-17, C-4, C-5, Santa, and I 

local variety scissors leaf. The research was carried out 

in laboratory and vegetation experiments. 

Embedded experiments: 1. control; 2. 2% NaCl, 3. 2.5% 

NaCl, 4. 3% NaC1, 5. control + 6-benzyl amino purine 

(BAP), 6. 2% NaCl + 6-BAP, 7. 2.5% NaCl :- 6-BAP, 8. 3% 

NaCl 6-BAP, 9. control, ABA, 10. 2% NaCl + ABA, 11. 2.5% 

NaCl, ABA, 12.3% NaC1 + ABA. NaCl was introduced as a 

solution with irrigation water during germination 

(laboratory experiments), and during the vegetation 

phase (vegetation experiments). Spraying with a 

solution of 6-BAP (’ lx l0 6 M) and ABA (’1x l0 6 M) in 

vegetation experiments was carried out in the 

vegetation phases, in laboratory experiments — the 

next day after applying NaCl. The concentrations of the 

introduced hormones and NaCl were determined by 

selecting the specific features of the selected object. 

Control plants were sprayed with water. During 

ontogenesis, the intensity of growth processes (the 

mass of plant organs), the number of free cytokines 

(zeatin), auxins (IAA), and abscisic acid were 

determined using the ELISA (enzyme-linked immune 

electro diffusion essay) test method. 

Plant samples were selected in the main phases of 

ontogenesis, starting from the three-leaf phase, in 4-

fold biological and 3-fold analytical repetitions. When 

evaluating the differences between the options, the 

student's criterion was used, considering the 

differences to be reliable at a confidence level of 0.95. 

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 

The effect of extreme factors is manifested in many 

metabolic reactions of plants, and primarily affects the 

state of the phytohormonal system [l0,ll]. 

The analysis of the obtained data allows, first of all, to 

compare the change in the ontogenesis of the 

hormonal balance with the growth rate of potatoes. 

During the growing season, the content of zeatin, 

auxin, and the cytokines IAA/ABA ratio changes along 

a single-vertex curve with a maximum in the flowering 

phase (Fig. 1). An increase in the level of cytokines in 

the first half of vegetation may be due to an increase in 

the formation of tubers [8]. The ABA content in potato 

organs increases continuously during ontogenesis (Fig. 

I). The dynamics of the hormonal balance to a certain 

extent corresponds to the change in the growth rate 

of potatoes. In the first half of the growing season, 



Volume 03 Issue 12-2023 20 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations  
(ISSN – 2771-2559) 
VOLUME 03 ISSUE 12    Pages: 18-23 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2021: 5. 705) (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 7. 471)  
OCLC – 1290679216   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

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against the background of an increase in the content 

of zeatin, and IAA, the intensity of growth processes 

increases. In the second half of the growing season, a 

decrease in growth-stimulating hormones and an 

increase in ABA levels is accompanied by a decrease in 

the growth rate of potato organs. This once again 

demonstrates the increasing role of ABA in the 

processes of aging and transition to a state of rest [8]. 

The change in growing conditions — the introduction 

of NaCl-significantly affected the hormonal situation 

and, as a result, the growth rate of potatoes. This was 

especially pronounced at a high dose of NaCl (3%). 

Plants of this variant were characterized by a sharp 

decrease in the content of zeatin, IAA and an increased 

level of ABA (Fig. 1), which led to a decrease in the 

cytokines +IAA/ABA ratio. At the same time, a greater 

deviation in the reaction of the phytohormonal system 

from the norm (the variant without applying NaCl) was 

observed in the first phases (after applying NaCl), while 

by the end of the growing season, the effect of salt was 

smoothed (Fig. 1). 

 

Figure 1. The contents of endogenous hormones at different levels of NaCl salinity, ng/g dry weight 

Variant      Cytokines                IAA               ABA 6-
BAP/IAA/ABA       

Control 301,1+0,5 100 236,6+2,3 100 281,3+3,1 100 1,9 

Control+BAP 288,2+3,3 95,7 267,5+1,3 113 261,2+3,3 92,9 2,4 

2% NaCI 298,7+2,1 99,2 144,9+2,1 61,2 321,2+2,5 114,2 1,4 

2% NaCI+6-BAP 294,2+,3 97,7 232,5+2,2 98,3 301,2+l,3 107 1,8 

2,5% NaC1 277,2+4,3 92 99,9+0,5 42,2 348,1+3,5 123,7 1,0 



Volume 03 Issue 12-2023 21 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations  
(ISSN – 2771-2559) 
VOLUME 03 ISSUE 12    Pages: 18-23 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2021: 5. 705) (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 7. 471)  
OCLC – 1290679216   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

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2,5% NaCI+6-BAP 301,4+0,6 100,1 147+3,7 62,2 358,4+2,3 127,4 1,2 

3% NaCI 266,5+2,5 88,5 72,7+2,8 30,7 363,3+2,5 129,2 0,8 

3% NaCI+6-BAP 268,3+3,2 89,1 127,9+2,8 54,1 377,4+2,3 134,2 1,0 

Table 1. Effect of 6-BAP treatment on the content of potato phytohormones at different levels of salinity (lowering 

phase), rig / g of dry weight 

It is necessary to underline that changes in the content 

of endogenous hormones and their ratio under the 

influence of stress factors have an adaptive value [8,12-

14]. External conditions, including salinity, are 

triggering mechanisms that include the response of 

the hormonal system and, thus, stand at the beginning 

of the chain of regulatory processes [8,12]. 

To find out the specifics of the action of 6-BAP and ABA 

under optimal conditions and the effect of salinity, the 

dynamics of phytohormones were analyzed. The 

choice of substances is related to the available data on 

their protective effect. The literature describes the 

antagonistic nature of the physiological action of 6-

BAP and ABA [8,12]. 

Treatment of 6-BAP both in the variant without adding 

NaC1, and, most importantly, in the conditions of 

salinity, NaCl increased the content of growth-

stimulating hormones (cytokinins and auxins) and 

ABA, while the ratio of cytokinin IAA/ABA increases 

(table 1). 

At the background of such changes in the hormonal 

balance, there is an increase in the formation of tubers. 

Thus, it can be considered that the exogenous 

introduction of cytokines contributes to the formation 

of adaptive abilities of potatoes to the action of salts. 

On the example of two wheat varieties, different 

sensitivity of plants to 6-BAP processing is shown. The 

Sante variety showed great responsiveness to the 

exogenous introduction of a synthetic analog of 

cytokines. 

ABA treatment invariants without adding NaCl and 

against the background of salinization had the 

opposite effect on the course of plant physiological 

processes. In optimal conditions of growing potatoes, 

when applying ABA, the endogenous content of 

cytokines and auxins is reduced, the level of ABA is 

increased, and, as a result, the ratio of cytokines 

IAA/ABA is reduced. 

Under the conditions of NaCl salinity, ABA treatment 

had a different effect on the hormonal system and the 

course of physiological processes in potatoes. An 

increase in the ratio of cytokines +IAA/ABA has been 

experimentally shown mainly due to the accumulation 

of cytokines and IAA. 

Analysis of the obtained data showed that exogenous 

application of ABA against the background of NaC1 

salinity reduces the stress load on the plant. The 

introduction of ABA increases the intensity of growth 

processes and productivity of potatoes growrt under 

the conditions ofNaCl salinity (Fig. 2). Thus, it can be 

considered that under the conditions of the stress 

factor, ABA processing had a protective effect. 

Spraying potatoes with 6-BAP have a greater 

stimulating effect compared to ABA (Fig. 2). The 

protective effect of the exogenous 6-BAP treatment 

on potatoes was shown when the soil was salted at a 

concentration of 2.5% NaCl, while ABA only leveled the 

effect of salts.  

CONCLUSIONS 



Volume 03 Issue 12-2023 22 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations  
(ISSN – 2771-2559) 
VOLUME 03 ISSUE 12    Pages: 18-23 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2021: 5. 705) (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 7. 471)  
OCLC – 1290679216   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

Servi 

As our research has shown, changes in physiological 

processes under the influence of NaCl are at least 

partially mediated by changes in hormonal status. It 

can be assumed that the resistance of potatoes to NaCl 

salinity is mediated by the peculiarities of changes in 

the hormonal system. The research shows the 

possibility of using the exogenous application of 

phytoregulators to increase plant tolerance to salinity. 

ABA treatment of potatoes results in compensation for 

the effects of NaCl. In this case, the nature of the 

physiological response of plants depends on the level 

of salinity and is mediated by the direction of changes 

in the endogenous content of hormones and their 

ratio. 

The study of mechanisms and possibilities for adjusting 

the hormonal balance opens up prospects for 

managing the adaptation process and increasing the 

stability of agricultural plants. 

 

Figure 2. EfTect of ABA treatment on the content of phytohormones of potatoes at different levels of salinity 

(earing phase), ng / g of diy mass. 

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Volume 03 Issue 12-2023 23 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations  
(ISSN – 2771-2559) 
VOLUME 03 ISSUE 12    Pages: 18-23 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2021: 5. 705) (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 7. 471)  
OCLC – 1290679216   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

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potassium accumulation and fluxes under 

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