







































Volume 03 Issue 12-2023 5 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations  
(ISSN – 2771-2559) 
VOLUME 03 ISSUE 12    Pages: 5-12 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2021: 5. 705) (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 7. 471)  
OCLC – 1290679216   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

Servi 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ABSTRACT 

Today, global climate change, along with drought, the processes of soil degradation are becoming one of the urgent 

problems for scientists all over the world. In this regard, a number of works are being carried out in Uzbekistan. 

According to the National Report on the State of Land Resources of the Republic of Uzbekistan, only 10% (4.3 million 

ha) of the 44.9 million hectares in the Republic are irrigated. About 2 million hectares (45%) of these lands are subject 

to secondary salinization. There are problems with water erosion on 800,000 hectares and wind erosion on 2 million 

hectares. The object of the study is dark serozem soil belonging to the region of mountain and sub-mountain soils, 

formed under complex climate and relief conditions. morphological characteristics of these soils in the profile, 

changes in some properties of these soils according to different exposures and slopes of the slope, including non-

eroded watershed, moderate and strongly eroded transit, and corresponding changes and washing in washed-

accumulated horizons information on monitoring processes is given. 

KEYWORDS 

Climate, erosion, elevation, mechanical composition, dark serozem soil, fraction, physical sand, slope exposure, 

leached. 

INTRODUCTION

Today, in the conditions of global climate change, 

natural and anthropogenic influences on the soil cover 

are increasing, and degradation, including the types 

and consequences of soil erosion, is pushing for more 

rapid development. According to the FAO, by 2050, soil 

erosion can reduce the production of agricultural crops 

  Research Article 

 

EFFECT OF EROSION PROCESSES ON SOIL PROPERTIES 
 

Submission Date: December 01, 2023, Accepted Date:  December 05, 2023,  

Published Date: December 10, 2023  

Crossref doi: https://doi.org/10.37547/ajahi/Volume03Issue12-02 

 

 

Nurullaev Azamkhon Komiljon Ogli 
(Phd) Doctoral Student Of The Department Of Soil Science, National University Of Uzbekistan 

 

Djalilova Gulnora Tulkunovna 
Doctor Of Sciences In Biological, Department Of Soil Science, National University Of Uzbekistan 

 

Journal Website: 

https://theusajournals.

com/index.php/ajahi 

Copyright: Original 

content from this work 

may be used under the 

terms of the creative 

commons attributes 

4.0 licence. 

 

https://theusajournals.com
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajahi/Volume03Issue12-02


Volume 03 Issue 12-2023 6 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations  
(ISSN – 2771-2559) 
VOLUME 03 ISSUE 12    Pages: 5-12 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2021: 5. 705) (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 7. 471)  
OCLC – 1290679216   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

Servi 

by 10% and lead to the loss of 75 billion tons of soil . The 

origin of these problems depends on the influence of 

natural conditions (climate, geomorphology, soil-

forming rocks) and anthropogenic factors. Erosion risk 

is assessed by the volume of potential soil erosion. The 

geomorphological factor, soil characteristics largely 

determine the rate of erosion, because the speed and 

strength of water flows, their concentration in certain 

areas, the unevenness of the relief, and soil erosion 

resistance are related to the characteristics. 

The purpose of research. The main purpose of the 

research is to study the effect of erosion processes on 

some properties of dark serozem soils distributed in 

the Boysun mountain range of the Surkhandarya 

region of the Republic of Uzbekistan. 

Research materials and methods. The object of 

research is dark serozem soils of various degrees 

eroded, not eroded and washed away, distributed in 

mountain and sub-mountain areas of Boysun district, 

Surkhandarya region of the Republic of Uzbekistan. 

Soil analysis was determined according to the generally 

accepted methods of Arinushkina's "Manual on 

chemical analysis of soil", and the mechanical 

composition of soils was determined according to the 

Kachinsky method. 

RESEARCH RESULTS. 

The research object is located in Boysun district, and 

according to its administrative location, it expands 

from north to southwest in the northern part of 

Surkhandarya region of the Republic of Uzbekistan. 

The total area is 3.2 thousand square kilometers (325 

thousand 307.0 ha) [1]. The length of the border of 

Boisun district is 384 km, 80 km with Kashkadarya 

region in the west, 75 km with Sarosi district in the 

north, 92 km with Kumkurgan district in the east, 86.8 

km with Bandikhon district in the south-west, and 

Sherabot district in the south. It forms a border of 50 

km (Pic. 1). 

  
Pic. 1. Location of the research object 

The district's agricultural land area is 212,418 ha, of 

which 4,518 ha is irrigated, mainly dry land, gardens and 

pastures. As of January 1, 2022, the total arable land 

area of Surkhandarya region is 39.5 thousand hectares, 

of which the arable land area of Boysun district is 

20294.7 hectares [2]. 



Volume 03 Issue 12-2023 7 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations  
(ISSN – 2771-2559) 
VOLUME 03 ISSUE 12    Pages: 5-12 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2021: 5. 705) (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 7. 471)  
OCLC – 1290679216   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

Servi 

Dark serozem soils are characterized by the beginning 

of the mountain brown soil stem in the uppermost 

region of the serozem soil zone. Dark serozem soils are 

distributed on the slopes of Boisun Mountain (Hisar 

Mountain Range) at an absolute height of 800-900 

meters above the Mediterranean sea level to 1200-1400 

meters and above. The division of the dark serozem soil 

profile into A-B1-B2-C genetic layers, the presence of a 

turf layer 3-8 cm thick in the upper layers of the soil 

profile, the structural structure of the melcozem is 

sandy, and it becomes sandy-granular towards the 

lower layers, according to its mechanical composition, 

it is characterized by being medium or heavy sandy and 

carbonates in the soil profile first appear in the form of 

pseudomycelium at a depth of 50 cm, and in the form 

of white pores from 100 cm. 

Gravel sand, clayey, sandy and loess sands are the soil-

forming rocks. The mechanical composition of these 

soils also depends on the parent rock-minerals from 

which they were formed. The mechanical composition 

of the soil is the sum of these mechanical fractions. 

Mechanical fractions are formed from particles of the 

same size. Particles or mechanical elements are formed 

during weathering of stones and rocks [3,4]. As 

mentioned above, the mechanical composition of soils 

depends on the composition of soil-forming minerals 

and the activity of weathering processes. Usually, soils 

formed from massive-crystalline parent rocks differ in 

their mechanical composition, and their proportions 

are related to the difficult weathering process of 

coarse mineral residues. The mechanical composition 

of the soils formed in clay parent rocks is heavy sand, 

and they are mainly distributed in the middle mountain 

areas. In the high mountain regions, the soils have a 

very light mechanical composition and rough skeletal 

characteristics. Coarse-grained soils have good water 

permeability properties, which quickly transfer 

rainwater to the deeper layers of the soil profile, 

causing rapid drying of the topsoil. At the same time, 

since the dark serozem soils distributed in the research 

object are mainly formed in loess parent rocks, it is 

observed that there are many dusty fractions in them. 

It is observed that the dark serozem soils distributed in 

various elements of the slope (southern and northern 

slopes, watershed and lower part of the slope) have a 

special mechanical composition. For example, in the 

flat part of the slope, that is, in the parts of the 

watershed (K-8), due to the low probability of 

encountering soil erosion processes, the large dust 

fractions in them made up 43.4% in the upper layer of 

the soil profile, while on the southern slope ( The 

content of elements in this fraction in the upper layer 

of scattered soils (K-7) is in the range of 47.7% and in 

the northern slope (K-9) 48.3%. The amount of large 

dust in the dark gray soil that has been washed away 

(K-6) is around 41.2%. It was observed that the amount 

of physical clay in soils is 52.1% (K-8) in non-eroded soils, 

42.1% in soils spread on slopes (K-7), and 54.4% in 

washed-out soils (K-6). It was observed that the 

amount of silt fractions in the soil profile varies 

according to the amount of silt and fine dust particles 

(Fig. 2). 

At the same time, the process of "claying" is observed 

in dark gray soils distributed in mountainous areas. 

According to Rozanov, the process of clayification is 

related to alluvial processes in dark gray soils [5]. The 

mechanical composition of soils affects the 

susceptibility of soils to erosion processes. For 

example, soils with a heavy mechanical composition 

tend to be washed away in the process of erosion 

compared to sandy soils, due to the ratio of physical 

sand and physical clay in their composition. 

If the mechanical composition of the soil contains a lot 

of sand fractions, then the erosion resistance of the soil 

weakens, if the physical clay fractions increase in the 



Volume 03 Issue 12-2023 8 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations  
(ISSN – 2771-2559) 
VOLUME 03 ISSUE 12    Pages: 5-12 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2021: 5. 705) (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 7. 471)  
OCLC – 1290679216   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

Servi 

mechanical composition of the soil, then the erosion 

stability of the soil increases, that is, the increase in clay 

fractions reduces the separation of soil particles [6.5]. 

The amount of physical sand and physical clay in the 

dark serozem soils distributed in the study site is as 

follows, in washed-collected (K-6) soils, the large 

fraction of sand content is 0.6%, medium sand is 0.4%, 

and fine sand is 0.4%. the sand fraction was 3.4%, and 

the amount of physical clay in the upper layer was 

54.4%. On the average slope of this exposure (K-7), the 

coarse sand fraction is 1.2%, the medium sand fraction 

is 5.3%, and the fine sand fraction is 3.7%, and the 

amount of physical clay is 42.1% in the upper layer 

organized. 

In the soils distributed in watersheds of dark serozem 

soils (K-8), the fraction of large sand is 0.7%, the 

fraction of medium sand is 0.6%, and the fraction of fine 

sand is 3.2%, and the amount of physical clay is 52.1 is 

equal to %. In the soils distributed on the slope, 

according to the exposure of the slope, large sand 

fractions are 0.1-1.2%, medium sand is 0.2-5.5%, and fine 

sand fraction is 2.7-8.1%, and the amount of physical 

clay is It was determined to be around 39.6-58.2%. (Pic. 

2) 

  



Volume 03 Issue 12-2023 9 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations  
(ISSN – 2771-2559) 
VOLUME 03 ISSUE 12    Pages: 5-12 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2021: 5. 705) (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 7. 471)  
OCLC – 1290679216   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

Servi 

  
 

Pic. 2. Mechanical composition of the soil of the research object 

As a result of soil erosion processes, the amount of silt and colloidal fractions in their composition also changes. The 

smaller the size of the mechanical elements, i.e. the fractions, the higher the humus and nitrogen content of this soil 

[7,8,9,10,11]. In addition, it is observed that 60-70% of the humus content of the soil accumulates mainly in the layer of 

the soil rich in silty and fine dust fractions (Table 1).  

Table 1 

Mechanical indicators of the soil of the research object 

Location 

according to 

soil erosion 

Depth, cm 

Sand 

fractions, 

% 

Dust 

fractions, 

% 

Year 

fractions, % 

Amount of 

physical 

clay, % 

Amount of 

humus, % 

(K-8) 

A non-eroding 

water separator 

0-15 

15-35 

35-50 

50-88 

4,5 

4,6 

9,1 

5,7 

78,1 

72,2 

71,8 

76,2 

17,4 

23,2 

19,1 

18,1 

52,1 

49,7 

39,6 

44,1 

2,416 

1,667 

1,147 

0,857 

(K-7) 

Strongly 

eroded, 

southern transit 

horizon 

0-15 

15-32 

32-48 

48-64 

10,2 

9,7 

13,3 

13,0 

79,7 

75,6 

68,5 

73,6 

10,1 

14,7 

18,2 

13,4 

42,1 

46,1 

51,6 

43,6 

1,473 

0,972 

0,673 

0,385 



Volume 03 Issue 12-2023 10 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations  
(ISSN – 2771-2559) 
VOLUME 03 ISSUE 12    Pages: 5-12 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2021: 5. 705) (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 7. 471)  
OCLC – 1290679216   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

Servi 

(K-9) 

Moderately 

eroded, 

northern transit 

horizon 

0-18 

18-37 

37-56 

56-93 

7,6 

7,4 

8,2 

8,4 

80,8 

78,2 

74,7 

78,4 

11,6 

14,4 

17,1 

13,2 

44,1 

49,2 

47,6 

46,5 

1,717 

1,288 

0,752 

0,588 

(K-6) 

A washed-out 

southern 

horizon 

0-18 

18-42 

42-63 

63-92 

4,4 

5,7 

6,6 

7,5 

72,4 

72,8 

68,7 

73,3 

23,2 

21,5 

24,7 

19,2 

54,4 

51,0 

56,0 

58,4 

2,464 

1,514 

0,971 

0,724 

In the data presented above, due to different 

exposures in the region of dark serozem soils, at the 

bottom of the slope, humus-rich accumulative soils 

"washed out" as a result of erosion are formed, and 

their color is much darker along the soil profile. It is 

classified by the inconspicuousness of carbonation and 

gypsum at the boundaries of the soil section. 

The soils of the mountainous and sub-mountainous 

regions, formed in the conditions of complex relief, 

undergo erosion at different levels in different 

elements of the relief, and changes in the 

morphological characteristics of the soil are also 

different. These differences are reflected in the cross-

section structure of non-eroded (K-8), moderately and 

strongly eroded (K-7, K-9), as well as "washed-out" (K-

6) soils as a result of erosion. For example; If the humic 

horizon is thick in "washed-up" soils, it differs by the 

relative thinning of the humic horizon in the middle 

parts of the slopes of different exposures and levels. 

This, in turn, is felt in the distribution of the amount of 

hummus. [12,13,14,15,16,17] 

The content of humus in non-eroded (K-8) soils located 

in the watershed of the region of dark serozem soils is 

2.416%, while in moderately and strongly eroded (K-7, 

K-9) soils, this indicator is respectively It is 1,473-1,717%, 

and in soils "washed out" (K-6) as a result of erosion, it 

is 2,464%. 

The above-mentioned differences in the soil profile can 

be observed in the color, structure, depth of 

accumulation of carbonate concretions, as well as 

skeletal structure. 

As a result of water erosion, the mechanical 

composition of the soils scattered in different parts of 

the slope changes, the amount of humus in their 

content also changes, water and other properties 

deteriorate, as a result, it negatively affects the growth 

and development of plants and the ecological 

condition of the area. the biospheric function of the 

soil decreases. 

Such differences in the soil profile are clearly visible 

mainly in the soils distributed in mountain and sub-

mountain regions. Taking into account these 

indicators, it serves as a basis for monitoring the 

condition of the soil in the mountain and sub-mountain 

areas, for the correct assessment of the ongoing 

erosion processes, and for the mapping of areas with 

erosion risk. 

CONCLUSIONS 

The soil formation processes of the research object 

include humus accumulation, clayification and 

alkalization, and it takes a leading place in the process 

of humus accumulation. It is typical for the dark gray 

soils distributed in the research object to have a large 



Volume 03 Issue 12-2023 11 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations  
(ISSN – 2771-2559) 
VOLUME 03 ISSUE 12    Pages: 5-12 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2021: 5. 705) (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 7. 471)  
OCLC – 1290679216   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

Servi 

amount of silt and dust fractions, as well as a small 

amount of sand fractions. As a result of washing of the 

studied soils due to erosion processes, the mechanical 

composition is reduced in the upper layers, but these 

soils are heavy sandy soils according to their 

mechanical composition. The more dusty and fine sand 

dust fractions are in the composition of soils, the more 

stable these soils are to erosion processes. The higher 

the amount of water particles in the soil, the higher the 

absorption capacity of the soil. The degree of slope 

plays a special role in eroded dark serozem soils. If the 

amount of physical clay is sharply reduced in the soils 

scattered in exposures of different degrees of erosion, 

on the contrary, their amount is increased in the 

washed-out soils. The humus supply of the soil of the 

research object is explained by the superiority of the 

humification process over the mineralization process in 

moderately humid and warm weather conditions. 

These soils have favorable agrochemical properties, 

while drainage soils are relatively favorable, and sunny 

slope soils have unfavorable agrochemical properties. 

The carbonate layer varies depending on the exposure 

of the slope, the slope, the nature of the soil-forming 

rocks and their depth. In the soils of the northern 

slope, compared to the soils of the southern slope, 

there is an increase in the thickness of the humic layer, 

an increase in color intensity, a deepening of the 

carbonate and gypsum border, and an improvement in 

the structure. 

REFERENCES 

1. National report on the state of land resources 

of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent-2019. - 

B. 9-12 

2. Cadastre Agency under the State Tax 

Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 2021 

3. Уразбаев И.У., Хақбердиев О.Э., Ходжаев 

Н.Ж..Влияние эрозии на агрохимические и 

механические свойства богарных типичных 

и тёмных сероземов // Ж.: Актуалние 

проблемы современной науки, №6, 2020. –С. 

41-49 

4. Gafurova, L.A, Djalilova, G.T, Ergasheva, O.X, 

Abdukarimova, K.D. Measures on erosion-

preventive forest melioration in mountain 

areas of Uzbekista // Journal of Critical 

Reviews, 2020, 7(2).- P. 283–287 

5. Розанов А.Н. Сероземы Средней Азии.- 

Москва, Изд. АНСССР, 1951 

6. Гуссак В.Б. Эродируемост почвы, пути 

исследования и некоторые связанные 

проблемы с ней проблемы. 

Автореф.докт.диссер. Ташкент, 1959; 

7. Ташкузиев М.М., Шадиева Н.И. Гумусное 

состояние горных, предгорных почв и 

вопросы формирования гумусовых веществ 

// Ж.:, Вестник Кыргызского Натсионалного 

Аграрного Университета им. К.И. Скрябина. – 

Бишкек, 2017. – С. 113-120 

8. Ташкузиев М.М., Шадиева Н.И. Гумусное 

состояние подверженных эрозии почв 

предгорий северного Туркестана и их 

ратсионалное исползование в богарном 

земледелии // Гуминовые вещества в 

биосфере: Труды В всероссийской 

конферентсии част 2. – Санкт-Петербург, 

2010. – С. 671-677 

9. Ахатов А., Буриев С.С., Нурматова В.Б., 

Жураев Г.А. Гумус коричневых почв горных 

пастбищ узбекистана // Почвы и 

окружающая среда. 2022. №3. – 12 с.  

10. Maxsudov X.M., Gafurova L.A. T.: National 

encyclopedia of Uzbekistan, 2012.-274 p. 

11. Джалилова Г.Т. Механический состав горных 

почв в зависимости от релефа и экспозитсии 

склона // Вестник Хорезмской Академии 

Маъмуна. – Хорезм, 2018. №2 (47). - Б.87-90 



Volume 03 Issue 12-2023 12 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations  
(ISSN – 2771-2559) 
VOLUME 03 ISSUE 12    Pages: 5-12 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2021: 5. 705) (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 7. 471)  
OCLC – 1290679216   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

Servi 

12. Maksudov H.M., Gafurova L.A., Erosion 

science, Tashkent-2012. B-130 

13. Гафурова Л.А., Джалилова Г.Т. Современный 

подход в изучении эрозионноопасных 

земель бассейна Сукоксай с применением 

ГИС технологии // Монография.–Тошкент, 

«Fan va texnologiya», 2017.- 144 б. 

14. Qing Peng, Ranghui Wang, Yelin Jiang, 

Weidong Zhang, Chunwei Liu, Limin Zhou., Soil 

erosion in Qilian Mountain National Park: 

Dynamics and driving mechanisms, Journal of 

Hydrology: P-6, www.elsevier.com/locate/ejrh 

15. Хайдаров Б.Д., Эффективност 

ресурсосберегающей обработки почвы на 

богаре Узбекистана, Аграрная наука – 2018, 

C-50, doi: 10.3263/0869-8155-2018-319-10-50-51 

16. Juliev M., Matyakubov B., Khakberdiev O., 

Abdurasulov X., Gafurova L., Ergasheva O., 

Panjiev U., Chorikulov B,. Influence of erosion 

on the mechanical composition and physical 

properties of serozems on rainfed soils, 

Tashkent province, Uzbekistan, IOP 

Conference Series Earth and Environmental 

Science 2022, P-4, doi:10.1088/1755-

1315/1068/1/012005, 

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/362

437715 

17. Бердиев Т.Т., Некоторые физические, водно-

физические свойства орошаемых почв 

пустынного региона Сурхан-Шерабодского 

оазиса, отчеты научного журнала УзМУ - 

Ташкент, 2017. - №3/1. - Б. 26-30

 

 

 


