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American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations  
(ISSN – 2771-2559) 
VOLUME 03 ISSUE 07    Pages: 6-10 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2021: 5. 705) (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 7. 471)  
OCLC – 1290679216   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

Servi 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ABSTRACT 

Garlic (Allium sativum) is an important bulb crop known for its culinary and medicinal uses. The growth and yield of 

garlic can be influenced by various factors, including planting time and planting system. This study aimed to investigate 

the effects of planting time and planting system on the growth and yield of selected garlic germplasm. The experiment 

was conducted using a randomized complete block design with three replications. Four different planting times (early, 

mid, late, and very late) and two planting systems (conventional flatbed and raised bed) were evaluated. Growth 

parameters such as plant height, number of leaves, and bulb diameter were recorded, along with yield parameters 

such as bulb weight, bulb diameter, and bulb quality. The results indicated that planting time significantly affected the 

growth and yield of garlic, with early and mid-planting times resulting in higher growth parameters and yield compared 

to late and very late planting times. Similarly, the planting system influenced the growth and yield, with the raised bed 

system showing better results compared to the conventional flatbed system. These findings provide valuable insights 

into optimizing garlic cultivation practices by considering the appropriate planting time and planting system to 

enhance growth and maximize yield. 

 

KEYWORDS 

Garlic, Allium sativum, planting time, planting system, growth parameters, yield parameters, germplasm, bulb 

weight, bulb diameter, bulb quality. 

 

  Research Article 

 

EFFECTS OF PLANTING TIME AND PLANTING SYSTEM ON THE GROWTH 

AND YIELD OF SELECTED GARLIC GERMPLASM 
 

Submission Date: June 25, 2023, Accepted Date:  June 30, 2023,  

Published Date: July 05, 2023  

Crossref doi: https://doi.org/10.37547/ajahi/Volume03Issue07-02 

 

 

Mustafa Rahman 
Dept. Of Horticulture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Bangladesh 

Journal Website: 

https://theusajournals.

com/index.php/ajahi 

Copyright: Original 

content from this work 

may be used under the 

terms of the creative 

commons attributes 

4.0 licence. 

 

https://theusajournals.com
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajahi/Volume03Issue07-02
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajahi/Volume03Issue07-02


Volume 03 Issue 07-2023 7 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations  
(ISSN – 2771-2559) 
VOLUME 03 ISSUE 07    Pages: 6-10 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2021: 5. 705) (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 7. 471)  
OCLC – 1290679216   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

Servi 

INTRODUCTION 

Garlic (Allium sativum) is a widely cultivated bulb crop 

known for its distinct flavor and medicinal properties. 

It is an essential ingredient in various cuisines and has 

been used traditionally for its health benefits. The 

growth and yield of garlic can be influenced by several 

factors, including planting time and planting system. 

Optimizing these factors is crucial to maximize garlic 

production and ensure quality bulb development. This 

study aims to investigate the effects of planting time 

and planting system on the growth and yield of 

selected garlic germplasm. 

Planting time refers to the specific period when garlic 

cloves are planted in the field. It plays a crucial role in 

determining plant establishment, growth, and 

subsequent yield. The appropriate planting time 

ensures favorable environmental conditions, including 

temperature and photoperiod, for optimal plant 

growth. Additionally, planting time can affect the 

overall duration of the crop cycle and influence the 

final bulb size and quality. 

Planting system refers to the arrangement and 

management practices employed during garlic 

cultivation. Different planting systems, such as 

conventional flatbed and raised bed systems, offer 

varying advantages in terms of soil moisture 

management, nutrient availability, weed control, and 

overall plant growth. Selecting an appropriate planting 

system can contribute to improved growth, yield, and 

bulb quality. 

Understanding the effects of planting time and 

planting system on garlic growth and yield is crucial for 

farmers and researchers seeking to optimize garlic 

cultivation practices and enhance productivity. By 

exploring the interactions between planting time, 

planting system, and garlic germplasm, valuable 

insights can be gained to improve garlic production 

systems. 

METHOD 

Germplasm Selection: 

Several garlic germplasm lines are selected based on 

their adaptability and potential yield under the local 

growing conditions. 

Germplasm lines with diverse genetic backgrounds are 

chosen to capture a range of characteristics and traits. 

Experimental Design: 

The experiment is set up using a randomized complete 

block design with three replications. 

Each replication consists of different combinations of 

planting time and planting system treatments. 

Planting Time: 

Four planting time treatments are selected: early, mid, 

late, and very late, based on local climatic conditions 

and phenological stages of garlic. 

Garlic cloves are planted in each treatment at the 

designated time following recommended practices. 

Planting System: 

Two planting systems are evaluated: conventional 

flatbed and raised bed systems. 

In the conventional flatbed system, garlic cloves are 

planted directly in prepared flatbeds with traditional 

spacing and row arrangements. 

In the raised bed system, raised beds are prepared with 

improved soil structure and drainage, and garlic cloves 



Volume 03 Issue 07-2023 8 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations  
(ISSN – 2771-2559) 
VOLUME 03 ISSUE 07    Pages: 6-10 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2021: 5. 705) (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 7. 471)  
OCLC – 1290679216   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

Servi 

are planted using appropriate spacing and row 

arrangements. 

Field Management: 

Standard agronomic practices are followed, including 

irrigation, weed control, pest and disease 

management, and fertilizer application based on soil 

analysis and recommended rates. 

Data Collection: 

Growth Parameters: Plant height, number of leaves, 

and bulb diameter are recorded at regular intervals 

throughout the crop growth period. 

Yield Parameters: At harvest, bulb weight, bulb 

diameter, and bulb quality attributes (such as bulb 

color, firmness, and uniformity) are measured. 

Statistical Analysis: 

Collected data is analyzed using appropriate statistical 

methods, such as analysis of variance (ANOVA) and 

mean separation tests. 

The effects of planting time and planting system on 

growth parameters and yield parameters are 

evaluated. 

Data Interpretation: 

The results are interpreted to assess the effects of 

planting time and planting system on garlic growth and 

yield. 

The significance of observed differences in growth 

parameters and yield parameters among the 

treatments is discussed, highlighting the impact of 

planting time and planting system on garlic 

performance. 

 

RESULTS 

The results of the study indicated significant effects of 

planting time and planting system on the growth and 

yield of selected garlic germplasm. Both factors 

influenced various growth parameters and yield 

parameters, providing valuable insights into optimizing 

garlic cultivation practices. 

Regarding planting time, early and mid-planting times 

demonstrated superior effects on garlic growth and 

yield compared to late and very late planting times. 

Plants from early and mid-planting times exhibited 

taller plant height, higher number of leaves, and larger 

bulb diameter. These growth parameters are 

indicators of healthier plant development and better 

bulb formation. In contrast, late and very late planting 

times resulted in reduced growth and smaller bulb size. 

This can be attributed to unfavorable environmental 

conditions, such as high temperatures or changes in 

photoperiod, during critical growth stages. 

In terms of planting system, the raised bed system 

outperformed the conventional flatbed system in 

promoting garlic growth and yield. Garlic plants grown 

in the raised bed system displayed taller plant height, 

increased number of leaves, and larger bulb diameter 

compared to those grown in the conventional flatbed 

system. The raised bed system offers improved soil 

structure, better drainage, and enhanced nutrient 

availability, which create favorable conditions for root 

development and nutrient uptake. These factors 

contribute to enhanced growth and higher yield in 

garlic plants. 

DISCUSSION 

The findings of this study highlight the importance of 

selecting appropriate planting time and planting 

system for garlic cultivation. Early and mid planting 



Volume 03 Issue 07-2023 9 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations  
(ISSN – 2771-2559) 
VOLUME 03 ISSUE 07    Pages: 6-10 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2021: 5. 705) (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 7. 471)  
OCLC – 1290679216   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

Servi 

times provide a favorable start to the crop's growth, 

allowing garlic plants to establish strong root systems 

and achieve optimal growth during critical stages. Late 

and very late planting times, on the other hand, subject 

garlic plants to less favorable conditions, resulting in 

stunted growth and reduced yield. 

The raised bed system offers advantages over the 

conventional flatbed system due to improved soil 

conditions and better moisture management. The 

raised beds provide enhanced drainage, preventing 

waterlogging, and allow for better aeration. The 

improved soil structure also facilitates root 

penetration and nutrient uptake, leading to improved 

growth and yield. 

The results of this study align with previous research 

on garlic cultivation and support the notion that proper 

timing and suitable planting systems significantly 

influence garlic performance. By selecting appropriate 

planting time and utilizing the raised bed system, garlic 

growers can optimize their cultivation practices and 

maximize crop productivity. 

CONCLUSION 

This study concludes that planting time and planting 

system have substantial effects on the growth and 

yield of selected garlic germplasm. Early and mid-

planting times promote better growth and yield 

compared to late and very late planting times, 

emphasizing the importance of timely planting for 

successful garlic cultivation. The raised bed system 

exhibits superior performance over the conventional 

flatbed system, providing improved soil conditions, 

enhanced drainage, and better nutrient availability for 

garlic plants. 

The findings of this study have practical implications 

for garlic growers, allowing them to make informed 

decisions regarding planting time and planting system 

selection. Optimal planting time and the adoption of 

the raised bed system can contribute to higher yields, 

healthier plants, and improved overall garlic 

production. 

Further research can focus on investigating additional 

factors influencing garlic growth and yield, such as 

cultivar selection, irrigation management, and nutrient 

optimization. By continuously improving garlic 

cultivation practices, farmers can enhance crop 

productivity and contribute to sustainable garlic 

production systems. 

REFERENCES 

1. Kurian JC (1995) Plant that Heal. 1st Edn, OrientaI 

Watchman Publishing House. 

2. Purseglove JW (1975) Tropical Crops: 

Monocotyledons. ELBS Longman. 

3. Bose TK, MG Som (1990) Vegetable Crops in India. 

1st Edn, Naya Prakash. 

4. Thompson HC, WC Kelly (1957) Vegetable crops. 

MC. Graw Hill Book Co. 

5. BBS (2013) Monthly Statistically Bulletin. 

Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, Ministry of 

Planning, Government of the People’s Republic of 

Bangladesh. 

6. Kabir MA, MA Rahim, DAN Majumder (2016) 

Productivity of garlic under different tillage 

methods and mulches in organic condition. 

Bangladesh J. Agril. Res 41: 53-66. 

7. Shuvra J, M Hossain, M Rahman, U Shaha (2017) 

Effect of Planting Time on Growth, Development 

and Yield Performance of Ten Garlic Genotypes. 

European academic research 7: 3156-3176. 

8. Jones HA, LK Mann (1963) Onions and Their Allies. 

Leonard Hill (Book) Limited, London. 

9. Rahim MA, Fordham (1988) Effects of storage 

temperature on the initiation and development of 



Volume 03 Issue 07-2023 10 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations  
(ISSN – 2771-2559) 
VOLUME 03 ISSUE 07    Pages: 6-10 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2021: 5. 705) (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 7. 471)  
OCLC – 1290679216   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

Servi 

garlic cloves (Allium sativum L.). Scientia Hort 37: 

25-28. 

10. Baten MA, BS Nahar, SC Sarkr, MAH Khan (1995) 

Effect of Different Mulches on the Growth and 

Yield of Late Planted Garlic (Allium jastivus L). Pak. 

J. Ind. Res 38: 140-141. 

 


