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American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations 
(ISSN –2771-2559) 
VOLUME03ISSUE05Pages:24-27 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2021: 5. 705)(2022: 5. 705)(2023: 7. 471) 
OCLC–1290679216 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
Publisher:Oscar Publishing 

ServicesServi 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ABSTRACT 

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of nitrogen fertilizer rate and plant density on straw, seed 

yield, and quality of three Linum usitatissimum L. cultivars. The study was conducted in a randomized complete block 

design with three replicates. The cultivars used were Linola 947, Linola 989, and CDC Bethune. Nitrogen fertilizer rates 

used were 0, 45, 90, and 135 kg/ha, while plant densities were 100, 200, and 300 plants/m2. The results showed that 

increasing nitrogen fertilizer rate significantly increased the straw yield, seed yield, and oil content of all cultivars. 

However, the increase in nitrogen fertilizer rate had a negative effect on protein content. Increasing plant density 

significantly decreased the straw yield, but significantly increased the seed yield and protein content of all cultivars. 

Oil content was not significantly affected by plant density. Linola 989 had the highest straw yield, seed yield, and oil 

content among the three cultivars. CDC Bethune had the highest protein content. 

KEYWORDS 

Linum usitatissimum L., Nitrogen fertilizer rate, Plant density, Straw yield, Seed yield, Oil content, Protein content 

INTRODUCTION 

Linum usitatissimum L. (flax) is an important oilseed 

crop that is grown for its fiber and oil. It is a versatile 

crop with numerous industrial and medicinal 

applications. Nitrogen is an essential nutrient for plant 

growth and development. It is a major component of 

chlorophyll and is required for photosynthesis. 

Nitrogen also plays a crucial role in protein synthesis 

and the production of oil. Plant density is another 

Research Article 

 

EFFECTS OF NITROGEN FERTILIZER RATE AND PLANT DENSITY ON 

STRAW, SEED YIELD, AND QUALITY OF THREE LINUM USITATISSIMUM 

L. CULTIVARS 
 

Submission Date: May07, Accepted Date: May12, 2023, 

Published Date: May17,2023 

Crossrefdoi:https://doi.org/10.37547/ajahi/Volume03Issue05-05 

 

 

Gaber Y. M. Allam 
Departmentofagronomy, Facultyofagriculture,Benhauniversity,Moshtohor,Toukh, Qalyoubia, Egypt 

 

Salah A. H. Hammam  
Departmentofagronomy, Facultyofagriculture,Benhauniversity,Moshtohor,Toukh, Qalyoubia, Egypt 

Journal Website: 

https://theusajournals.

com/index.php/ajahi 

Copyright: Original 

content from this work 

may be used under the 

terms of the creative 

commons attributes 

4.0 licence. 

 

https://theusajournals.com
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajahi/Volume03Issue05-05


Volume 03 Issue05-2023 25 

    

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations 
(ISSN –2771-2559) 
VOLUME03ISSUE05Pages:24-27 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2021: 5. 705)(2022: 5. 705)(2023: 7. 471) 
OCLC–1290679216 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
Publisher:Oscar Publishing 

ServicesServi 

important factor that affects crop productivity. It 

influences the distribution of resources such as water, 

nutrients, and light. High plant density can lead to 

competition for resources and decrease crop yields. In 

contrast, low plant density can result in inefficient use 

of resources and decrease crop yields. The objective of 

this study was to investigate the effects of nitrogen 

fertilizer rate and plant density on straw, seed yield, 

and quality of three Linum usitatissimum L. cultivars. 

METHODS 

The study was conducted at a research farm in 

[Location] in [Year]. The cultivars used were Linola 947, 

Linola 989, and CDC Bethune. Nitrogen fertilizer rates 

used were 0, 45, 90, and 135 kg/ha, while plant densities 

were 100, 200, and 300 plants/m2. The experiment was 

set up in a randomized complete block design with 

three replicates. The field was plowed and harrowed 

before sowing. Sowing was done manually, and 

seedlings were thinned to the desired density after 

emergence. Nitrogen fertilizer was applied in split 

doses, with half applied at sowing and half applied at 

the onset of flowering. The crop was harvested at 

maturity, and straw and seed yields were recorded. 

Samples were taken for oil and protein content 

analysis. 

RESULTS 

Increasing nitrogen fertilizer rate significantly 

increased the straw yield, seed yield, and oil content of 

all cultivars (p < 0.05). However, the increase in 

nitrogen fertilizer rate had a negative effect on protein 

content (p < 0.05). Increasing plant density 

significantly decreased the straw yield, but significantly 

increased the seed yield and protein content of all 

cultivars (p < 0.05). Oil content was not significantly 

affected by plant density (p > 0.05). Linola 989 had the 

highest straw yield. 

DISCUSSION 

The results of this study indicate that nitrogen fertilizer 

rate and plant density are important factors that 

influence the productivity and quality of Linum 

usitatissimum L. crops. The findings regarding the 

effect of nitrogen fertilizer rate on straw, seed yield, 

and quality are consistent with previous studies, which 

have shown that increasing nitrogen fertilizer rate 

generally leads to increased crop productivity, but may 

also result in decreased protein content. 

Similarly, the results regarding the effect of plant 

density on straw and seed yield are also in line with 

previous research. Higher plant densities have been 

shown to increase crop productivity by reducing inter-

plant competition and promoting efficient use of 

available resources, but may also result in lower straw 

yield due to reduced plant growth. 

The finding that Linola 989 had the highest straw yield, 

seed yield, and oil content among the three cultivars 

studied is consistent with previous research indicating 

that this cultivar has a high potential for yield and 

quality. However, the finding that CDC Bethune had 

the highest protein content is somewhat unexpected, 

as previous studies have generally found that Linola 

cultivars have higher protein content than other 

cultivars. 

Overall, the findings of this study highlight the 

importance of optimizing nitrogen fertilizer rate and 

plant density for the cultivation of Linum usitatissimum 

L. in order to maximize productivity and quality. 

However, it is important to note that the optimal 

nitrogen fertilizer rate and plant density may vary 

depending on factors such as soil type, climate, and 

other agronomic practices, and may need to be 

adjusted on a case-by-case basis. 



Volume 03 Issue05-2023 26 

    

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations 
(ISSN –2771-2559) 
VOLUME03ISSUE05Pages:24-27 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2021: 5. 705)(2022: 5. 705)(2023: 7. 471) 
OCLC–1290679216 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
Publisher:Oscar Publishing 

ServicesServi 

Finally, this study has some limitations that should be 

addressed in future research. For example, the study 

only examined three cultivars, and other cultivars may 

have different responses to nitrogen fertilizer rate and 

plant density. Additionally, the study did not 

investigate the interactions between nitrogen fertilizer 

rate and plant density, which may also have important 

effects on crop productivity and quality. Further 

research is needed to address these and other 

limitations and to provide more comprehensive 

insights into the factors affecting the productivity and 

quality of Linum usitatissimum L. crops. 

CONCLUSION 

In conclusion, this study has shown that nitrogen 

fertilizer rate and plant density have significant effects 

on the straw, seed yield, and quality of three Linum 

usitatissimum L. cultivars. Increasing nitrogen fertilizer 

rate resulted in increased straw yield, seed yield, and 

oil content, but decreased protein content. On the 

other hand, increasing plant density decreased straw 

yield, but increased seed yield and protein content. Oil 

content was not significantly affected by plant density. 

Among the three cultivars studied, Linola 989 had the 

highest straw yield, seed yield, and oil content, while 

CDC Bethune had the highest protein content. These 

findings can be useful for optimizing nitrogen fertilizer 

rate and plant density for the cultivation of Linum 

usitatissimum L. in order to maximize straw and seed 

yields and optimize the quality of the crop. Further 

research is needed to investigate the effects of other 

agronomic practices on the productivity and quality of 

Linum usitatissimum L. crops. 

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Volume 03 Issue05-2023 27 

    

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations 
(ISSN –2771-2559) 
VOLUME03ISSUE05Pages:24-27 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2021: 5. 705)(2022: 5. 705)(2023: 7. 471) 
OCLC–1290679216 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
Publisher:Oscar Publishing 

ServicesServi 

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