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American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations  
(ISSN – 2771-2559) 
VOLUME 03 ISSUE 04     Pages: 17-24 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2021: 5. 705) (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 7. 471)  
OCLC – 1290679216   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

Servi 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ABSTRACT 

This article discusses the chemical composition of shotara (Fumaria vaillantii Loisel.). 

 

KEYWORDS 

Chemical composition, shotara, Fumaria vaillantii Loisel. 

 

INTRODUCTION 

Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan 

Shavkat Mirziyoyev dated 10.04.2020 No. ) and 

Resolution No. PQ-4901 dated 26.11.2020 (Measures 

related to expanding the scope of scientific research 

on the cultivation and processing of medicinal plants, 

the development of their seed production about) was 

signed. These decisions indicate that special attention 

was paid to medicinal plants. After all, our lush country 

grows many types of medicinal plants in its bosom. 

THE MAIN RESULTS AND FINDINGS 

Shotara (Fumaria vaillantii Loisel), a member of the 

family of shotaras, contains the drug "Protopin 

hydrochloride" and is used in the pharmaceutical 

  Research Article 

 

SHOTARA CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF (FUMARIA VAILLANTII LOISEL) 
 

Submission Date: April 05, 2023, Accepted Date:  April 10, 2023,  

Published Date: April 15, 2023  

Crossref doi: https://doi.org/10.37547/ajahi/Volume03Issue04-04 

 

 

Nasiba H. Karshibayeva 
Researcher Jizzakh State Pedagogical University Uzbekistan 

 

Nozimakhon A. Shodiyeva 
Researcher Jizzakh State Pedagogical University, Uzbekistan 

 

Shakhlo M. Toshpulatova 
Researcher Jizzakh State Pedagogical University, Uzbekistan 

 

Zarina K. Ibragimova 
Researcher Jizzakh State Pedagogical University, Uzbekistan 

Journal Website: 

https://theusajournals.

com/index.php/ajahi 

Copyright: Original 

content from this work 

may be used under the 

terms of the creative 

commons attributes 

4.0 licence. 

 

https://theusajournals.com
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajahi/Volume03Issue04-04


Volume 03 Issue 04-2023 18 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations  
(ISSN – 2771-2559) 
VOLUME 03 ISSUE 04     Pages: 17-24 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2021: 5. 705) (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 7. 471)  
OCLC – 1290679216   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

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industry for liver diseases. Therefore, the bioecology of 

this species is being studied. 

Shotara( Fumaria vaillantii Loisel.), Shotarato a family 

of friendsbelongs toone yearweed.Stemgrows 

upright, branchy, height 10-30cm.Leavesarranged in a 

row, divided into two pinnae, long 

banded.Flowerspink with purple tipsshingleto the 

bouquetcollected. Fruitsphericaloneseedednut.The 

root- read it. Blooms and seeds in April-July.LawnsIt's 

latein the fall, earlyin the springappears.in Central 

Asiaspread out. Lalmi and as a weedirrigatedcereal 

cropsbetweencottongrows in the fields. Also 

abandoned land,residences, road,ditchcollars, field 

edges,avenues,the gardenandin the vineyardsoccurs. 

Chemical composition: Shotara contains organic acid, 

phenol, alkaloids 0.2-0.6%, additives 2.9%, tar 4.7%, 

vitamins C and K. The taste is peculiarly bitter. 

 Fumaria vaillantii, F. parviflora25 different alkaloids 

were isolated from different organs of the plant 

(Aliyev, 1967; Yunusov, 1981; Israilov, 1993). In addition, 

Fumaria species contain fumaric acid, glycosides, 

sweeteners, sugars, resinous, coloring essential oil and 

organic acids, as well as vitamin C from the leaves. 

RK Aliyev (1960) determined that protopine, which is 

the most important among alkaloids in Fumaria L. 

species, is 0.06-0.19%, and F. parviflora contains 0.15-

0.36% alkaloids, and F. vaillantiida contains 0.19-1.1%. SA 

Tarivediyeva (1958) stated that the chemical 

compounds, including alkaloids contained in the 

experiments, vary organically in accordance with the 

age of the plant, the population structure, and the 

seasons. Therefore, it was determined that the 

necessary chemical active substances contained in this 

plant accumulate in the vegetative organs of the plant, 

such as leaves, stems, and roots, and the period of 

preparation of raw materials is planned depending on 

the age of the plant and the season of the year. SA 

 

Table 1. Changes in the alkaloid content of representatives of the genus Fumaria L. during ontogeny. 

Shotara species Vegetation periods and alkaloid content in % 

 Grass era Flowering period 

(generative) 

Fruiting 

Fumaria schleicheri 0.070 0.190 0.30 

Fumaria parviflora 0.050 0.095 0.199 

Fumaria vaillantii 0.030 0.090 0.120 

 



Volume 03 Issue 04-2023 19 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations  
(ISSN – 2771-2559) 
VOLUME 03 ISSUE 04     Pages: 17-24 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2021: 5. 705) (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 7. 471)  
OCLC – 1290679216   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

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As can be seen from the table, the amount of alkaloid 

substances of the plant in all above-ground parts of 

shotara corresponds to the fruiting period. Therefore, 

it is considered appropriate to prepare shotara raw 

materials during the fruiting period. According to 

DARahimov et al. (1977) polygraphic studies, the 

composition and amount of protopine in F. vaillantii, 

which grows in Tashkent region, is 0.14; 0.12; 0.07; It 

was determined to be 0.13%. Astringent (double) 

substances are from 0.7% to 0.95% in the composition 

of shotara. F. vaillantii, which is used in the industry for 

tanning, contains sugar from 0.77% to 3.0%, and 

glucoside substances in F. parviflora are 0.022%. F. 

vaillantii is 0.014%. The fat content is almost the same 

in both types at 2.46-2.50. 

 

Table 2. Organic substances in the species of Shotara family. (in dry form, in %. According to the information 

received by N. Karshibayeva) 

Components F. 

vaillantiilawn 

F. parviflora 

lawn with small 

flowers 

Authors 

Total glucosides 0.014 0.022 Aliyev RK 

Anthroglucosides - - Aliyev RK 

Bitter substance Bitter taste 

indicator 1:850 

Bitter taste 

indicator 

Aliyev RK 

Additive Gr. at the 

expense of 

According to Gr Aliyev RK 

In volume style 0.70 1.2 Aliyev RK 

Weight style 1.04 2.2 Aliyev RK 

Dyestuff Red - bur 

in yellow 

Red Aliyev RK 1953 

Tariverdiyeva 



Volume 03 Issue 04-2023 20 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations  
(ISSN – 2771-2559) 
VOLUME 03 ISSUE 04     Pages: 17-24 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2021: 5. 705) (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 7. 471)  
OCLC – 1290679216   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
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Sugar substance 0.77-2.25 

0.7-3 

 Aliyev RK 1960 

Tariverdiyeva SA 1958 

A) until ketosaccharide 

hydrolysis 

2.3 2.23 Aliyev RK 1949 

After hydrolysis 2.26 2.74 Aliyev RK 1960 

B) Aldehydo sugar 0.63 0.68 Aliyev RK 1960 

Essential oil traces Traces Aliyev RK 1960 

Fat substances 2.50 2.46 Aliyev RK 1960 

Resin substances 3.19 2.37 Aliyev RK 1960 

Titruemic acid 0.85 1.4 Aliyev RK 1960 

Without carotintora 52.2 mg% 60.79mg% Aliyev RK 1960 

Dry 7.43mg% 8.27mg% Aliyev RK 1960 

Vitamin K 0.56mg%  Aliyev RK 1960 

 

Table 3. Shotara family (Fumaria L.) alkaloids 

No Components F. 

vaillant

ii 

Authors F. 

parviflora 

Authors 

1 Alkaloids 0.1-

0.55 

Zolotnitskaya 1965 0.19-1.1 Adilov 1962 



Volume 03 Issue 04-2023 21 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations  
(ISSN – 2771-2559) 
VOLUME 03 ISSUE 04     Pages: 17-24 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2021: 5. 705) (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 7. 471)  
OCLC – 1290679216   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
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2 Protopine C20 H26 

NO5 

0.06-

0.19 

Shevelyova, 1970 0.08 Govindochari 1958 

3 Fumaric acid + Wahid MA 1963   

4 Papaverine + Plekhanova 1975   

5 Fumaridine C23 

H26 N2 O5 

0.005-

0.027 

Platonova 1956 + Israilov 1968 

6 da-girdastin + Ibragimova 1974 -  

7 Fumaramine C21 

H23 N2 O5 

+ Israilov 1970 + Israilov 1968 

8 Parfumidine + Kirjakov 1971 + Israilov 1970 

9 Adlumin + Israilov 1970   

10 Perfume + Israilov 1970 + Israilov 1970 

11 d- bicuculline + Ibragimova 1974   

12 I-Adlumin + -==-   

13 Vaylantin- C20 H23 

NO5 

+ -==-   

14 Noryuphyrin- C17 

H19 NO3 

+ Yunusov S. Yu. 1981   

15 Xylantifolin + Yunusov S. Yu. 1981   

16 d-stylopine + Yunusov S. Yu. 1981   



Volume 03 Issue 04-2023 22 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations  
(ISSN – 2771-2559) 
VOLUME 03 ISSUE 04     Pages: 17-24 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2021: 5. 705) (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 7. 471)  
OCLC – 1290679216   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

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Stylopin 

17 Oxymethylate + Yunusov S. Yu. 1981   

18 Cryptopine + Kirjakov 1971 + Israilov 1968 

19 Fumvaylin C20 H19 

O6 N 

0.0007 Platonova 1956   

20 Santivinarine C20 

H14 NO4 

+ Silent 1969 + Silent 1977 

21 N-methyl 

hydrasteine 

+ Forgaes R. 1975 + Forgaes R. 1975 

22 N-methyl 

hydrastine 

+ Forgaes R. 1975 + Forgaes R. 1975 

23 N-methylaluminum 

C22 H24 NO6 

+ Israilov 1993   

24 Pallidin + Israilov 1993   

25 Norpallidin + Israilov 1993   

26 I-Adlumin   + Israilov 1968 

27 Hydrastin C21 H21 

NO6 

+ Israilov 1968 + Israilov 1968 

28 A degradable 

alkaloid 

0.072 Aliyev RK 1960 0.079 Aliyev RK 1960 



Volume 03 Issue 04-2023 23 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations  
(ISSN – 2771-2559) 
VOLUME 03 ISSUE 04     Pages: 17-24 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2021: 5. 705) (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 7. 471)  
OCLC – 1290679216   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

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29 N-oxin alkaloid 

forms 

+ Aliyev RK 1960 + Aliyev RK 1960 

30 Glucoalkaloids + Aliyev RK 1960 + Aliyev RK 1960 

 

In addition to these substances, vitamins are also 

found - vitamin "K" in the form of F. vaillantii - 0.56 

mg%, F. parviflora - 0.66% mg. Vitamin "C" is 74.7 mg% in 

F. vaillantiida. (Tariverdiyeva, 1958; Aliyev, 1960). 

Importance. Shotara warms the blood and dissolves 

blood clots. Eases breathing, improves stomach 

function, clears liver from congestion. Basicallythe 

leaves of the plant are picked and dried, but often all 

parts are used. The alkaloid contained in it slightly 

accelerates the pulse, intoxicates and stimulates the 

appetite. It is used in women's diseases, intestinal 

diseases, malaria, jaundice, uterine and pulmonary 

tuberculosis. It is used to treat chronic internal 

bleeding, abdominal pain and bronchitis. 

CONCLUSION 

1. Shotara (Fumaria vaillantii Loisel), a member of 

the family of shotaras, contains the drug 

"Protopin hydrochloride" and is used in the 

pharmaceutical industry for liver diseases. 

Therefore, the bioecology of this species is 

being studied. 

2. Chemical composition: Shotara contains 

organic acid, phenol, alkaloids 0.2-0.6%, 

additives 2.9%, tar 4.7%, vitamins C and K. The 

taste is peculiarly bitter. 

3. 3.F. vaillantiithe content and amount of 

protopin in the type of the plant during 

fruiting, seed enrichment is 0.14; 0.12; 0.07; It 

was determined to be 0.13%. 

4. F. vaillantii, which is used in the industry for 

skin care, contains sugar from 0.77% to 3.0%, 

and glucoside substances in F. parviflora are 

0.022% and 0.014% in F. vaillantii. The fat 

content is almost the same in both types at 

2.46-2.50. 

REFERENCES 

1. Mirziyoyev Sh. M. Decision PQ- 4670 No. 

10.04.2020 "On measures for the protection of 

medicinal plants growing in the wild, cultural 

cultivation, processing and rational use of 

available resources". 

2. Mirziyoyev Sh. M. Resolution "On measures to 

expand the scope of scientific research on the 

cultivation and processing of medicinal plants, 

development of their seed production" PQ-

4901 No. 26.11 .year 2020. 

3. Israilov I.A. Isoquinolinovye alkaloidy //Itogi 

issledovaniya alkaloidonosnyx rasteniy. T.Fan. 

1993. p. 132. 

4. Yunusov S.Yu. "Alkaloid" T. Science. 1981. c. 

418. 

5. Karshiboyeva NH. Shotara is a new medicinal 

plant //Uzb. biol. Journal. T. 1999. pp. 51-54. 

6. Karshiboyeva NH. "Bio-ecological features of 

shotara (Fumaria vaillantii Loisel.) distributed 

in Uzbekistan". Abstract T.2002. 

7. Khodzhimatov K. X. Efirnomaslichnoe rasteniya 

Uzbekistana i puti ix rationalnogo 

ispolzovaniya. T. 1999. 110 p. 



Volume 03 Issue 04-2023 24 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations  
(ISSN – 2771-2559) 
VOLUME 03 ISSUE 04     Pages: 17-24 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2021: 5. 705) (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 7. 471)  
OCLC – 1290679216   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

Servi 

8. Karshiboyeva NH. Shotara is a new medicinal 

plant //Uzb. biol. Journal. T. 1999. pp. 51-54. 

9. Karshiboyeva NH. "Bio-ecological features of 

shotara (Fumaria vaillantii Loisel.) distributed 

in Uzbekistan". Abstract T.2002. 

10. Karshiboyeva NH, Rahmonkulov UF prospects 

of culturalization of vaillantii. "Development of 

botanical science in Central Asia and its 

integration and production" Materialy 

mejdunarodnoy conference (September 17, 

2004) T.2004. s. 341. 

11. Karshiboyeva NH and others. Russian-Uzbek 

explanatory dictionary of botanical resource 

science. "Sangzor" publishing house. Jizzakh 

2012. 44 pages 

12. Tojiboyev Sh. J., Karshiboyeva NH Botany. 

"Namangan" publishing house. Namangan 

2015. 310 pages 

13. Mirkomil, G., Bakhtiyor, Z., & Dilfuza, I. (2020). 

Predicting Changes In Landscapes Around The 

Aydar-Arnasay Lake System. The American 

Journal of Engineering and Technology, 2(10), 

6-12. 

 


