







































Volume 03 Issue 01-2023 1 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations  
(ISSN – 2771-2559) 
VOLUME 03 ISSUE 01     Pages: 01-06 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2021: 5. 705) (2022: 5. 705)  
OCLC – 1290679216   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

Servi 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ABSTRACT 

The article describes the importance of various siderate crops in maintaining soil fertility. Biomass accumulated in the 

soil, level of preservation from erosion, effect on soil temperature in oil radish, rye and oil radish+rye options were 

studied. 

 

KEYWORDS 

Oilseed rape, rye, soil erosion, soil temperature, soil leaching, siderate crops, legumes, forage crops. 

 

INTRODUCTION 

It is known that in the last quarter of the last century 

and now environmental problems are given wide 

importance, which can be called the basis of harmony 

between man and nature. From this point of view, 

mutual relations between soil, field crops and 

environment are given great importance in agriculture. 

This, in turn, absolutely requires the deepening and 

expansion of our imagination, knowledge and 

experience in this regard. 

  Research Article 

 

ECOLOGICAL ROLE OF DIFFERENT SIDERATE CROPS IN IMPROVING SOIL 

PROPERTIES 
 

Submission Date: January 20, 2023, Accepted Date:  January 25, 2023,  

Published Date: January 30, 2023  

Crossref doi: https://doi.org/10.37547/ajahi/Volume03Issue01-01 

 

 

Kh.F. Batirov 
Professor, Doctor Of Agricultural Sciences, Department Of Ecology And Safety Of Life Activity, Samarkand 

State University Named After Sharof Rashidov, Uzbekistan 

 

Sh.M. Turdimetov 
Doctor Of Biological Sciences, Department Of Soil Science, Gulistan State University, Uzbekistan 

 

R.B. Nurillaeva 
Researcher Student, Gulistan State University, Uzbekistan 

Journal Website: 

https://theusajournals.

com/index.php/ajahi 

Copyright: Original 

content from this work 

may be used under the 

terms of the creative 

commons attributes 

4.0 licence. 

 

https://doi.org/10.37547/ajahi/Volume03Issue01-01
https://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?q=ECOLOGICAL%20ROLE%20OF%20DIFFERENT%20SIDERATE%20CROPS%20IN%20IMPROVING%20SOIL%20PROPERTIES
https://www.mendeley.com/search/?page=1&query=INHERITANCE%20OF%20GROWTH%20DURATION%20IN%20DOMESTIC%20AND%20INTERSPECIFIC%20F1%20PLANTS
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajahi
https://theusajournals.com
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajahi/Volume03Issue01-01
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajahi/Volume03Issue01-01


Volume 03 Issue 01-2023 2 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations  
(ISSN – 2771-2559) 
VOLUME 03 ISSUE 01     Pages: 01-06 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2021: 5. 705) (2022: 5. 705)  
OCLC – 1290679216   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

Servi 

It should be noted that environmental problems are 

increasing in agriculture as well. First of all, we can give 

an example of toxic substances accumulated in the soil 

as a result of the use of mineral fertilizers and 

pesticides. Regarding agricultural ecology, there are 

many views, theories, in-depth researches, and 

different opinions about the influence of this or that 

level on the field. These confirm that agricultural laws, 

systems, crop rotations and agro-technological 

measures vary by region. 

It is known that active mineralization of humus occurs 

in conditions of intensive farming. This leads to 

deterioration of agrochemical, physico-chemical, 

biological and other properties, that is, to a decrease in 

soil fertility. That is why it is important to maintain 

humus balance using organic fertilizers. As a result of 

the use of siderate crops, the quantity and quality of 

humus can be improved. This can also be seen from the 

reviews of the following studies. 

V.V. Ivenin, V.L. Strokin, A.V. Ivenin [1] made special 

experiments to study the effect of siderate crops on 

soil properties. Among siderate crops, it was found 

that perennial lupine accumulates relatively more 

green mass. 

B.Lei, J.Wang, H.Yao [2] increased the yield of rice as a 

result of using siderates. This is a reduction in the 

process of soil erosion, an improvement in density, It is 

explained by the optimization of soil properties such as 

water permeability, porosity, moisture storage 

capacity, enzyme activity and soil environment (pH). 

They emphasize that the properties of the soil should 

be taken into account when choosing siderat crops. 

P.Sullivan [3] studied the effect of vetch planting on 

corn yield. In studies, the cost of planting a siderate 

crop is covered by the additional yield from the corn 

crop. Due to the improvement of soil properties, the 

productivity of corn planted in the following years has 

increased.  

Mishchenko Y.G. and others [4] conducted studies on 

the effect of siderate crops on the yield of potatoes. 

The type and number of weeds also decreased as a 

result of planting oil radish. An inverse correlation 

between oil radish phytomass and weed damage was 

found. 

S.Sharma and others [5] experimentally studied the 

enrichment of the soil with phosphorus and organic 

residues and the increase in the number of water-

resistant microaggregates as a result of planting 

siderate crops. 

A.A. Aytemirov, M.B. Khalilov, T.T. Babaev., 

Z.G.Amiralievlar [6] determined that the water-

physical, agrobiological and agrochemical properties 

of the soil are significantly improved as a result of 

siderates. Siderates also performed a phytosanitary 

function - weed pollution, diseases and pests 

decreased, and protected the soil from wind and water 

erosion.  

R.F. Gakhramanova [7] determined that the length of 

cotton, the number of sympiodal branches, and the 

number of flowers were more productive compared to 

the control variant under the influence of siderate 

crops. These indicators were especially noticeable 

during the flowering phase.  

E.P. Gorelov, H.F.Botirov, V.L.Dobrodomov [8], 

H.F.Botirov [9-10] and others say that the most 

important aspects of using siderates are, first of all, the 

correct selection of their representatives and paying 

serious attention to seed breeding issues. is 

considered.  

In the experiments of H.F.Botirov, G.R.Karaev [11], they 

calculated the organic mass left in the soil as a result of 

https://doi.org/10.37547/ajahi/Volume03Issue01-01
https://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?q=ECOLOGICAL%20ROLE%20OF%20DIFFERENT%20SIDERATE%20CROPS%20IN%20IMPROVING%20SOIL%20PROPERTIES
https://www.mendeley.com/search/?page=1&query=INHERITANCE%20OF%20GROWTH%20DURATION%20IN%20DOMESTIC%20AND%20INTERSPECIFIC%20F1%20PLANTS
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajahi


Volume 03 Issue 01-2023 3 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations  
(ISSN – 2771-2559) 
VOLUME 03 ISSUE 01     Pages: 01-06 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2021: 5. 705) (2022: 5. 705)  
OCLC – 1290679216   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

Servi 

planting siderates alone or in a mixed manner. In both 

variants, compared to the control (plough), it left more 

organic mass and prevented the plowed layer particles 

from being washed away. The amount of biomass is 

28.-31.2 t/ha, root residues 8.6-10.9 t/ha when planting 

typhon; in rye crop biomass 24.0-26.8 t/ha, root 

residues 5.4-7.3 t/ha; and in the mixture of typhon and 

rye, the biomass was 39.2-43.6 t/ha, and the root 

residues were 12.9-15.4 t/ha. 

N.Usmonov, T.Ostonakulovov [12] determined the 

improvement of the aggregative state of the soil tillage 

layer, agrophysical, water properties, nutritional 

regime and microbiological processes when summer 

and autumn siderate crops are used. 

In the studies of R. Oripov, A. Borievs [13], the yield of 

winter wheat was 62.3-65.1 centners as a result of the 

use of previous crop quality mash and rapeseed, and 

12.6-15.4 t/ha additional yield compared to the control 

winter wheat variant.  

In the experiments of Sh.M. Turdimetov and others [14-

18], attention was paid to the properties and 

characteristics of Mirzachol oasis soils, increasing their 

fertility by planting legumes and fodder crops. After 

planting these crops, it was observed that the yield of 

cotton and winter wheat increased.  

Research methods. Studies were conducted in four 

variants and four repetitions. The first control option is 

plow, the second option is oil radish, the third option is 

rye and the fourth option is oil radish+rye. These 

variants were carried out in fields with three different 

slopes and the accumulated plant mass (t/ha) was 

taken into account. Also, the depth of soil freezing in 

the variants planted with these siderates was studied. 

Soil contamination rates were also studied in variants 

planted with siderates on moderately and strongly 

washed soils. Therefore, in the research methods, the 

plant mass, freezing depth and erosion protection 

properties of different siderate crops were studied in 

the soil. 

Results and discussions. Soil and climate conditions 

must be taken into account when choosing siderate 

crops. In irrigated gray soils that are poor in humus, 

enrichment with organic matter is an important issue. 

Plant biomass is the basis of soil organic matter. 

Considering the above, we conducted special 

experiments on irrigated gray-meadow soils to study 

the effect of siderate crops on soil fertility. According 

to the results of the experiment, it was observed that 

siderates accumulated a certain amount of plant 

biomass residues when planted in autumn for winter 

vegetation compared to the control (plough) (Table 1). 

Table 1 

Amount of organic mass in the tillage (0-40 cm) layer 

Crop Slope, 0 Slope-part Plant biomass, t/ha 

total including the 

root 

 

Plow (control) 

0-1,0 high - - 

1,0-2,0 medium - - 

2,0 > lower - - 

 0-1,0 high 29,1 9,5 

https://doi.org/10.37547/ajahi/Volume03Issue01-01
https://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?q=ECOLOGICAL%20ROLE%20OF%20DIFFERENT%20SIDERATE%20CROPS%20IN%20IMPROVING%20SOIL%20PROPERTIES
https://www.mendeley.com/search/?page=1&query=INHERITANCE%20OF%20GROWTH%20DURATION%20IN%20DOMESTIC%20AND%20INTERSPECIFIC%20F1%20PLANTS
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajahi


Volume 03 Issue 01-2023 4 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations  
(ISSN – 2771-2559) 
VOLUME 03 ISSUE 01     Pages: 01-06 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2021: 5. 705) (2022: 5. 705)  
OCLC – 1290679216   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

Servi 

Radish with oil 1,0-2,0 medium 27,0 8,1 

2,0 > lower 25,4 7,0 

 

Rye 

0-1,0 high 27,0 8,2 

1,0-2,0 medium 25,2 7,7 

2,0 > lower 23,0 6,5 

 

Radish with oil + rye 

0-1,0 high 41,3 13,6 

1,0-2,0 medium 38,5 11,7 

2,0 > lower 35,0 9,9 

 

 

The data of the table confirms that the amount of total 

organic mass was 29.1 t/ha when the slope (slope) was 

0-1.0, and 25.4 t/ha when it was > 2.0. On the other 

hand, in rye it is 27.0 t/ha and 23.0 t/ha, and when they 

are planted in a mixture, the total is 41.3 t/ha when the 

slope is 0-1.0, and 35.0 t/ha when it is > 2.0 and of which 

the proportion of root residues was 13.6 and 9.9 t/ha. 

Taking into account that crops such as alfalfa, winter 

wheat, barley, sunflower and corn are planted in the 

experimental farm, we divided them into groups 

according to their ability to protect the soil, and the 

crop that best protects the soil from erosion is alfalfa, 

wheat, barley, rye and oil radish are good, and inter-

row crops, in particular, sunflower and corn, are bad 

indicators. 

At the same time, during the winter (December-

February), we also observed the effect of siderates on 

the level of freezing of the surface layer of the soil and 

the preservation of snow cover, and the obtained data 

are presented in the table below (Table 2). 

Table 2 

Effect of siderates on soil surface layer freezing and snow accumulation 

Variant Soil layer by month, cm 

Soil freezing Snow cover 

XII I II XII I II 

Plow (control) 5 7 4 0 3 7 

Radish with oil 2 3 2 2 5 8 

Rye 2 4 1 3 6 8 

Radish with oil + rye 1 2 2 4 7 10 
 

As can be seen from the table data, compared to the 

control (plow) in the experiments, the freezing of the 

surface layer of the soil was low when oil radish or rye 

was planted in pure form, and the level of snow 

accumulation was relatively high, but higher indicators 

were obtained in the option of oil radish+rye planting. 

https://doi.org/10.37547/ajahi/Volume03Issue01-01
https://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?q=ECOLOGICAL%20ROLE%20OF%20DIFFERENT%20SIDERATE%20CROPS%20IN%20IMPROVING%20SOIL%20PROPERTIES
https://www.mendeley.com/search/?page=1&query=INHERITANCE%20OF%20GROWTH%20DURATION%20IN%20DOMESTIC%20AND%20INTERSPECIFIC%20F1%20PLANTS
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajahi


Volume 03 Issue 01-2023 5 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations  
(ISSN – 2771-2559) 
VOLUME 03 ISSUE 01     Pages: 01-06 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2021: 5. 705) (2022: 5. 705)  
OCLC – 1290679216   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

Servi 

It was also observed that winter siderate crops protect 

soil particles from being washed away compared to 

plow (control) (Table 3).

Table 3 

Effect of siderates on leaching of soil particles 

 

Variant 

Soil leaching depending on crop and erosion level 

Average Strong 

t/ha % t/ha % 

Plow (control) 6,4 100 9,1 100 

Radish with oil 5,1 79,7 7,9 86,8 

Rye 4,8 75,0 7,2 79,1 

Radish with oil + rye 4,0 62,5 5,8 63,7 
 

It is known from the experimental data that the 

amount of soil leaching in the control was 6.4 and 9.1 

t/ha in moderate and strong levels, while this indicator 

was less than 2.4 and 3.2 t/ha in the option planted with 

oil radish + rye. Thus, we reflected only some ecological 

aspects of growing winter crops. We think that this 

problem is of particular importance in the Zarafshan 

oasis, and therefore it should be the object of 

comprehensive research. 

CONCLUSIONS 

The data obtained in the study of the effect of siderate 

crops on soil properties show that their combined 

application is more effective than the use of individual 

siderate crops. For example, the accumulation of plant 

mass was 35.0 t/ha in the conditions where oil 

radish+rye was used in conditions where the slope was 

>2.0. This indicates that it accumulated 37% more plant 

mass compared to self-application of oil radish and 52% 

more compared to self-application of rye. According to 

other indicators, the option of oil radish + rye was 

considered the most acceptable option. 

REFERENCES 

1. Ivenin V.V., Strokin V.L., Ivenin A.V. Green 

manure as an element of the biological system 

of agriculture in the Nizhny Novgorod region. 

Biological intensification of farming systems: 

Experience and prospects for development in 

modern conditions of development. 

Ulyanovsk, 2016. P. 78-85. 

2. Lei, B.;Wang, J.; Yao, H. Ecological and 

Environmental Benefits of Planting Green 

Manure in Paddy Fields. Agriculture 2022, 12, 

223.  https://doi.org/10.3390/ 

agriculture12020223 

3. Sullivan P. Overview of Cover Crops and Green 

Manures. Appropriate technology Transfer fo 

Rual Areas. July, 2003.  

4. Mishchenko Y.G., E.A. Zakharchenko, S.I. 

Berdin, O.V. Kharchenko, E.R. Ermantraut, I.M. 

Masyk, V.S. Tokman.  Herbological monitoring 

of efficiency of tillage practice and green 

manure in potato agrocenosis.   Ukrainian 

Journal of Ecology, , 210-219. 

5. Sharma S., Kaur S., Choudhary O., Singh M., Al 

Huqail A., Ali H.M., Kumar R., Siddiqui M.. 

https://doi.org/10.37547/ajahi/Volume03Issue01-01
https://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?q=ECOLOGICAL%20ROLE%20OF%20DIFFERENT%20SIDERATE%20CROPS%20IN%20IMPROVING%20SOIL%20PROPERTIES
https://www.mendeley.com/search/?page=1&query=INHERITANCE%20OF%20GROWTH%20DURATION%20IN%20DOMESTIC%20AND%20INTERSPECIFIC%20F1%20PLANTS
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajahi


Volume 03 Issue 01-2023 6 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations  
(ISSN – 2771-2559) 
VOLUME 03 ISSUE 01     Pages: 01-06 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2021: 5. 705) (2022: 5. 705)  
OCLC – 1290679216   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

Servi 

Scientific Reports | (2022) 12:7167 | 

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-11106-x. 

6. Aitemirov A.A., Khalilov M.B., Babaev T.T., 

Amiraliev Z.G. Influence of green manure on 

the yield of spring grain crops under irrigation 

conditions of the Terek-Sulak subprovince // 

South of Russia: ecology, development. 2018. 

Т.13, N2. P.144-155. DOI:10.18470/1992-1098-

2018-2-144-155. 

7. Gakhmanova R.F. Comparative characteristics 

of influence. mineral fertilizers and green 

manure. on the phases of growth and 

development of cotton.. Agrarian science. 

2020; 342 (10): 88–91. 

8. Gorelov E.P., Batirov H.F., Dobrodomov V.L. 

Recommendations for the cultivation of 

rapeseed and perko for seeds // Ministry of 

Agriculture of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 

Tashkent, 1989, 9 p. 

9. Batirov H.F. Winter crop production// Tashkent, 

Publishing House “Labor”, 1991,164 p. 

10. Botirov H.F. Growing two-year vegetable seeds 

in winter// SamDU printing house named after 

Sh. Rashidov, Samarkand, 2022, 150 p. 

11. Botirov H.F., Karaev G'.R. Siderates and seed 

cotton yield in eroded soils. // Proceedings of 

the 13th republic scientific-practical conference 

on the topic “Intellectual potential youth in the 

integration of education, science and 

production - an important factor of the 

country's development”. - Part IV. - Tashkent,- 

2016. - P. 89-90. 

12. Usmanov N., Ostanakulov T. Physical 

properties and agrochemical composition of 

potato field soil when different crop biomass is 

used as siderate. - J. Agro Science - Agriculture 

and Water Management of Uzbekistan.- 2021. - 

№ 3. - P.62-63. 

13. Oripov R., Boriev A. Effect of previous crops on 

winter wheat grain yield and technological 

quality parameters. - J. - Agroscience.- 2018. - № 

7. - Б.29. 

14. Turdimetov S.M., Musurmanova M.M. 

Properties of Soils located in different 

Geomorphological Conditions. American 

Journal of Agriculture and Horticulture 

Innovations. Volume 02 Issue 11-2022. pp 01-06. 

15. TurdimetovSh.M., Rakhimov Z. Influence of 

Leguminous and Fodder Crops on Soil 

Agrophysical Properties and Crop Yields. 

Annals of Plant Sciences. Volume 11, Issue 01 

(2022) pp. 4705-4711. 

16. Turdimetov, S. M., Mirsharipova, G. K., 

Botirova, L. A., Abdujalilova, A. X., & 

Mustafakulov, D. M. (2020). Impact of legume 

crops on the agrochemical and agrophysical 

properties of soil in mirzachol conditions. 

Journal Of Critical Reviews, 7(17), 2220-2234. 

17. Turdimetov, S. M., Sunnatova, D. (2017). How 

plant peas affect soil’s agrochemical 

properties. In  MODERN ECOLOGICAL STATE 

OF THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT AND 

SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF 

RATIONAL NATURE MANAGEMENT (pp. 779-

781). 

18. Turdimetov, S., Abdurakhmonov, I., Botirova, 

L., Zikirov, I., &Ashiralieva, S. (2021). Soil Quality 

Assessment Principles for Vegetable Crops. 

Annals of the Romanian Society for Cell 

Biology, 25(6), 9944-9952. 

https://doi.org/10.37547/ajahi/Volume03Issue01-01
https://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?q=ECOLOGICAL%20ROLE%20OF%20DIFFERENT%20SIDERATE%20CROPS%20IN%20IMPROVING%20SOIL%20PROPERTIES
https://www.mendeley.com/search/?page=1&query=INHERITANCE%20OF%20GROWTH%20DURATION%20IN%20DOMESTIC%20AND%20INTERSPECIFIC%20F1%20PLANTS
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajahi

