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American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations  
(ISSN – 2771-2559) 
VOLUME 03 ISSUE 02     Pages: 13-19 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2021: 5. 705) (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 7. 471)  
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ABSTRACT 

The article presents the data obtained on the study of the characteristics of the effect of soil salinity on the 

transpiration rate of winter wheat varieties. The rate of transpiration was determined at the tuber, flowering and milk-

ripening stages of the cultivars. Based on the given results, it was noted that the value of the above indicator varies 

to different degrees in the section of varieties, depending on the soil salinity and the biological and various 

characteristics of the varieties. 

 

KEYWORDS 

Winter wheat varieties, salinity, transpiration, water exchange, salt tolerance. 

 

INTRODUCTION 

Globally observed stress factors -have a serious 

negative impact on living organisms, including the 

world of plants. As a result, the productivity indicators 

of plants and the harvest and its quality are decreasing. 

Deepening of scientific and research work aimed at 

reducing the negative effects of such stress factors and 

development of measures to save the lost crop, 

assessment and justification of the physiological 

aspects of the effects of adverse stress factors are 

considered as the most important tasks [1-3]. 

Studying the mechanisms of resistance of plants to salt 

stress and revealing it is one of the urgent theoretical 

  Research Article 

 

TRANSPIRATION RATES OF WINTER WHEAT CULTIVARS UNDER SALINE 

CONDITIONS 
 

Submission Date: February 18, 2023, Accepted Date:  February 23, 2023,  

Published Date: February 28, 2023  

Crossref doi: https://doi.org/10.37547/ajahi/Volume03Issue02-03 

 

 

Norbоyeva Umida Toshtemirovna 
Doctor Of Biological Sciences, Professor, Bukhara State University, Bukhara, Uzbekistan 

 

Kholiyorova Nasiba Botirovna 
Master's Student, Denov Institute Of Entrepreneurship And Pedagogy, Denov, Uzbekistan 

 

 

Journal Website: 

https://theusajournals.

com/index.php/ajahi 

Copyright: Original 

content from this work 

may be used under the 

terms of the creative 

commons attributes 

4.0 licence. 

 

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Volume 03 Issue 02-2023 14 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations  
(ISSN – 2771-2559) 
VOLUME 03 ISSUE 02     Pages: 13-19 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2021: 5. 705) (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 7. 471)  
OCLC – 1290679216   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
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and scientific problems in the world, by deepening 

scientific research in this field, creating methods of 

using exogenous and endogenous substances to 

increase the resistance of wheat to stress factors, wide 

use of the existing gene pool of crops in genetic-

selection research and great attention is paid to wide 

application to agricultural production. The need for 

such research is explained by the fact that it requires 

the activation of various physiological and biochemical 

mechanisms to overcome the stress that occurs in 

plants under the influence of salinity [4-8]. 

Grain crops are one of the important technical crops 

that provide raw materials for various branches of 

production. Optimum factors aimed at maintaining the 

crop are required when growing products at the level 

of demand. Improving the agro-melioration condition 

of the irrigated lands of our republic, improving the Eco 

physiological and agro technical measures used in the 

prevention of soil salinization, identifying, creating and 

putting into practice the varieties of agricultural crops 

adapted to stress factors, the physiological and 

biochemical characteristics of wheat varieties that 

express the level of resistance and productivity in 

stressful conditions, and the adaptation of varieties 

Certain results were achieved in the evaluation and 

scientific justification of reactions [9-14]. 

Abiotic stressors have a strong negative effect on 

agricultural plants, reducing plant growth and 

productivity. Water scarcity, soil salinity, and high 

temperatures are among the main causes of declining 

crop yields and food supplies around the world. 

Therefore, the study of the effects of abiotic stressors 

on plants and the mechanisms of stress resistance is 

one of the main areas of plant physiology. Mechanisms 

of resistance to abiotic stress also include practical 

aspects such as reducing the harmful effects of stress 

in different ways or using native varieties adapted to 

combined stress as a source of genetic material [15]. 

Climate change inevitably leads to the deterioration of 

the ecological situation, which causes the salinization 

of fertile soils, resulting in a sharp decrease in the 

productivity of agricultural crops. Saline soils are 

common in many countries of the world. They cover 

about a quarter of the earth's surface, including half of 

all irrigated land, and the saline areas are expanding. In 

the arid climate, almost all irrigation water evaporates, 

and soil salinity is gradually increasing [16]. 

Abiotic stressors are a major impediment to 

agriculture, dramatically reducing plant growth and 

productivity worldwide. Future declines in agricultural 

crop yields will be exacerbated by global warming, 

increased pollution, and declining fertile land. The main 

challenge facing agriculture today and in the future is 

to increase food production for an ever-growing 

population in many regions of the world in a 

deteriorating environment. Minimizing exposure to 

various abiotic stressors is a common challenge [17]. 

The study of mechanisms of resistance to abiotic stress 

is one of the most active areas of research in plant 

physiology, taking into account its practical 

importance in agriculture. Various abiotic stresses 

caused by the environment are usually interrelated and 

often have an osmotic component that affects the 

homeostasis of plant cells. To cope with abiotic stress, 

plants activate a series of stress responses that are 

characteristic of sensitive and tolerant plants, because 

they use the same basic modifications [18]. 

Salinity is a major abiotic factor affecting crop 

productivity worldwide. Global warming is associated 

with more frequent, longer, and severe droughts in 

many regions of the world, as well as increased salinity 

in irrigated lands. About 20% of the world's irrigated 

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Volume 03 Issue 02-2023 15 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations  
(ISSN – 2771-2559) 
VOLUME 03 ISSUE 02     Pages: 13-19 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2021: 5. 705) (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 7. 471)  
OCLC – 1290679216   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
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land, which produces one-third of the world's food, is 

subject to secondary soil salinization. In addition, salt 

stress also induces ion stress and Na+ toxicity [19]. 

Selection for salt tolerance should be based on the 

growth of plants over a period of time since individual 

cultivars within the same self-pollinated species have 

almost genotypically the same homozygote. Short-

term studies may show reduced growth rates; 

however, these reductions may be the same for 

tolerant and susceptible species within a cultivar. Only 

after a long time can tolerance or sensitivity be 

accurately measured in an individual plant, or the 

mechanisms that help specific plants to withstand NaCl 

conditions at different stages of growth can be 

identified [20]. 

Salinity is a global problem for agricultural production. 

Understanding Na+ sensitivity and transport in plants 

under salt stress will be useful for breeding salt-

tolerant crop species. First of all, salt stress sensor 

representatives and the root meristem zone are 

proposed as tissues that store salt stress-sensing 

components. The importance of Na+ excretion and 

vacuolar Na+ sequestration in the general salt 

tolerance of plants is then highlighted. Finally, some 

aspects of plant salt stress tolerance, including the 

concentration of Na+ in the cytosol and the role of Na+ 

as a nutrient, have been discussed [21]. 

Soil salinization has become one of the major 

environmental problems globally and is expected to 

worsen due to projected climate change. Arid and 

semi-arid agricultural areas are particularly sensitive to 

the effects of climate change on increased soil salinity 

[22]. 

Saline soils are common in many countries of the 

world. They occupy a quarter of the land surface, 

including half of the irrigated land, and the area of 

saline areas is gradually expanding. In arid climates, 

almost all irrigation water evaporates and soil salinity 

gradually increases. At present, more than 50-60 per 

cent of the irrigated lands are salinized and prone to 

salinization. The salts of saline soils of Uzbekistan are 

very different in terms of quality. Chloride, sulfate-

chloride, chloride-sulfate, sulfate, and carbonate 

salinity types are found. Among them, chloride salinity 

is the most toxic [23-25]. 

METHODOLOGY 

Winter wheat during experiments as an object of 

research Grom, Pervitsa, Starshina, Alekseevich, 

Krasnodarskaya-99, Vassa, Asr and Antonina varieties 

were used. In recent years, these varieties have been 

planted in large areas across the country. 

Experiments were conducted in areas belonging to 

meadow-alluvial soil type with moderate to strong 

chlorine (0.015-0.020 per cent by chlorine ion). 

Observations and biometric measurements are carried 

out on model plants at odd returns. Phenological 

observations are carried out according to the 

methodology of the Agricultural Crops Variety Testing 

Inspection. In all experiments, options were triplicated 

and placed consistently across tiers. 

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 

Transpiration is one of the important physiological 

processes and is important in the study of water 

exchange of plants growing in saline areas. Most of the 

water absorbed by plants evaporates due to 

transpiration. Slowing down the rate of transpiration in 

saline conditions causes a violation of the water 

balance in the plant body and an increase in water 

deficit. As a result, the physiological and biochemical 

processes in the body of plants slow down and their 

overall productivity decreases [26-27]. 

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Volume 03 Issue 02-2023 16 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

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VOLUME 03 ISSUE 02     Pages: 13-19 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2021: 5. 705) (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 7. 471)  
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It is known that the activity of supplying water to 

plants is inextricably linked with the rate of 

transpiration. 1.5-2% of the water received by plants is 

absorbed by them, and the rest is evaporated through 

the leaves during transpiration. The value of the rate of 

transpiration in plants is related to many external 

factors. These include air temperature, relative 

humidity, soil and climate conditions, wind, solar 

radiation, soil moisture, plant development stages and 

cultivar characteristics, etc. [28-29]. 

Transpiration is not only the evaporation of water 

through the leaf but also water adsorption and the 

movement of water and dissolved substances through 

the plant. Zoned during research Grom, Pervitsa, 

Starshina, Alekseevich, Krasnodarskaya-99, Vassa, Asr 

and AntoninaThe transpiration rate of winter wheat 

varieties was studied. 

It was noted that the transpiration rate of wheat 

varieties grown under medium-high soil salinity 

conditions was lower than the varieties grown under 

the control option. A decrease in the rate of 

transpiration in conditions of soil salinity may also be 

related to the condition of the stomata. 

According to the obtained data, it was noted that the 

transpiration was accelerated in Grom, Starshina, and 

Krasnodarskaya-99 varieties of wheat. It was found 

that metabolism is related to activity and wheat variety 

characteristics. An increase in the value of this indicator 

was observed in the salted variants from the tuber to 

the milk ripening stage of all varieties. 

According to the data, it was found that there is an 

organic relationship between transpiration and soil 

salinity. This connection, in turn, ensures the entry of 

water into the root system. Soil salinity led to a 

decrease in the rate of transpiration. Also, the increase 

in air temperature accelerates this process. The 

transpiration rate of wheat cultivars varied during their 

ontogeny. Also, it was determined based on 

experiments that the transpiration rate depends on 

the amount of metabolic and bound water in the plant, 

as well as on the colloidal properties of the cell 

protoplasm. 

Transpiration is one of the important physiological 

processes and is of great importance in the water 

exchange of plants. Transpiration is one of the main 

processes in managing the water balance of plants. 

In the course of our research, the rate of transpiration 

of wheat varieties during tuberization, flowering and 

milk ripening was studied. Experiments were carried 

out in two variants. The first option (non-saline soil) 

was called the control, and the second option was the 

experimental option, moderately to strongly saline 

soils. 

The rate of transpiration was determined at all stages 

of wheat varieties. If we pay attention to the obtained 

data, it was found that the rate of transpiration of all 

studied wheat varieties changes depending on the 

concentration of salts in the soil. It was found that the 

rate of transpiration increases from the tuber stage to 

the milk ripening stage in all varieties in both variants. 

The rate of transpiration slowed down with increasing 

soil salinity in all varieties. In the control variants, 

compared to the experimental variants, the activation 

of water consumption by plant leaves was found. 

Starshinain the control variant of the variety110 in the 

tuber stage, 64 in the moderately strong salted 

version, in the flowering stage it was found that 116 mg 

of water evaporated in the control variant, 67 in the 

experimental variant, i.e. 67 in the medium-strong 

saline variant, and 70 mg in the control and 70 mg in 

the experimental variant during the milk ripening 

phase. 

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Volume 03 Issue 02-2023 17 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations  
(ISSN – 2771-2559) 
VOLUME 03 ISSUE 02     Pages: 13-19 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2021: 5. 705) (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 7. 471)  
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In the control warrant of the Pervitsa variety, 71 are in 

the tuber stage, in the experimental version 44 are in 

the flowering stage it was noted that 74 mg of water 

was used in the control version, 49 in the experimental 

version, 76 mg in the control version, and 54 mg in the 

experimental version during the milk ripening phase. 

The transpiration rate of the Antonina variety in the 

tuber phase in non-saline conditions is 92.2 in the tuber 

phase, and 58.3 in the saline condition, and in the 

flowering phase was determined that 94 mg of water 

evaporated in the control variant, 62 in the 

experimental variant, 97 mg in the control, and 65 mg 

in the experimental variant during the milk ripening 

phase. Grom varietyThe rate of transpiration in non-

saline conditions in the tuber phase is 107 in the tuber 

phase, 60 in the saline state, in the flowering phase113 

mg in the control variant, 66 in the experimental 

variant, 116 mg in the control and 69 mg in the 

experimental variant evaporated during the milk 

ripening phase. 

century, Similar relationships were observed in 

Alekseevich, Krasnodar-99 and Vassa varieties. But the 

results of water evaporation by plants are 

highStarshina, GromandKrasnodar-99varieties were 

determined. 

Compared to the tuber and flowering stage, it was 

observed that the evaporation of water by plants was 

accelerated in all studied varieties during the milk 

ripening stage. This can be explained by the relative 

increase in air temperature and the increase in the 

plant's need for water. 

CONCLUSION 

It was also found that there are differences between 

varieties in terms of transpiration rate. The 

transpiration rate of the Starshina, Grom and 

Krasnodar-99 varieties was observed that it was 

significantly higher than in the Antonina, Alekseevich 

and Vassa varieties. The lowest results for this indicator 

were found in Pervitsa and Asr varieties. 

Most importantly, soil salinity had a strong negative 

effect on the water exchange of varieties, leading to a 

decrease in the rate of transpiration. Even under such 

circumstancesStarshina, Grom and Krasnodar-

99varieties evaporated more water than other 

varieties and activated their metabolic processes 

compared to other varieties. 

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(ISSN – 2771-2559) 
VOLUME 03 ISSUE 02     Pages: 13-19 

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OCLC – 1290679216   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
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exchange and productivity of cotton. Збірник 

наукових праць SCIENTIA.

 

https://doi.org/10.37547/ajahi/Volume03Issue02-03
https://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?q=TRANSPIRATION%20RATES%20OF%20WINTER%20WHEAT%20CULTIVARS%20UNDER%20SALINE%20CONDITIONS
https://www.mendeley.com/search/?page=1&query=INHERITANCE%20OF%20GROWTH%20DURATION%20IN%20DOMESTIC%20AND%20INTERSPECIFIC%20F1%20PLANTS

