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American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations  
(ISSN – 2771-2559) 
VOLUME 02 ISSUE 09     Pages: 20-24 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2021: 5. 705) (2022: 5. 705)  
OCLC – 1290679216  METADATA IF – 5.625 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

Servi 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ABSTRACT 

Taking into account the properties of fertilizers and their interaction with the soil, creating favorable conditions for 

plant nutrition and the most effective rates, methods, periods and ratios of fertilizer application for specific soil and 

climate conditions. definition is important. Plants need all the nutrients to get a high and quality harvest. They are in 

the form of organic and mineral compounds in the soil. 

 

 

KEYWORDS 

Iron-ion, potassium, calcium, magnesium, silicon, 0.3-0.4 % nitrogen, 0.3-0.6% potassium, sodium, 

magnesium, peat, fluorine, manure. 

 

  Research Article 

 

PROPERTIES OF FERTILIZERS, THEIR EFFECT ON SHRUBS AND PLANTS 
 

Submission Date: September 10, 2022, Accepted Date:  September 20, 2022,  

Published Date: September 30, 2022  

Crossref doi: https://doi.org/10.37547/ajahi/Volume02Issue09-05 

 

 

Yo’ldosheva Dilrabo Shukrullaevna 
Termez Institute of Agrotechnology and Innovative Development, Uzbekistan 

 

Khafizova Matluba Kholmamatovna 
Termez Institute of Agrotechnology and Innovative Development, Uzbekistan 

 

Davlatova Jasmina Toychievna 
Termez Institute of Agrotechnology and Innovative Development, Uzbekistan 

 

Abdullayev Mukhtarjon Bobirovich 
Termez Institute of Agrotechnology and Innovative Development, Uzbekistan 

 

Mamarajabov Samandarbek Fakhriddinovich 
Termez Institute of Agrotechnology and Innovative Development, Uzbekistan 

 

Journal Website: 

https://theusajournals.

com/index.php/ajahi 

Copyright: Original 

content from this work 

may be used under the 

terms of the creative 

commons attributes 

4.0 licence. 

 

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Volume 02 Issue 09-2022 21 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations  
(ISSN – 2771-2559) 
VOLUME 02 ISSUE 09     Pages: 20-24 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2021: 5. 705) (2022: 5. 705)  
OCLC – 1290679216  METADATA IF – 5.625 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

Servi 

INTRODUCTION 

Taking into account the characteristics of fertilizers 

and their interaction with the soil, it is important to 

create favorable conditions for plant nutrition and to 

determine the most effective rate, method, periods 

and proportions of fertilizer application for specific soil 

and climate conditions. is important. Plants need all the 

nutrients to get a high and quality harvest. They are in 

the form of organic and mineral compounds in the soil 

. As a result of their decomposition (decay) and 

mineralization, plants become absorbed. Nitrogen is 

absorbed by plants in the form of ammonium (NH4) 

cation, nitrogen anion or nitric acid (NO), phosphorus - 

phosphates, and sulfur - sulfates. Potassium, calcium, 

magnesium, silicon passes through the soil in the form 

of ions, iron ions or complex compounds (states), 

manganese, copper, zinc - cations, molybdenum and 

boron - in the form of anions (molybdate and borate). 

The amount of nutrients depends on the water and air 

regime of the soil. The amount of acid ions in the soil 

solution depends on moisture. Oxygen in the soil layer 

ensures respiration through the roots and absorption 

of nutrients. The direction of this process depends on 

the climatic conditions. Fertilizers are available in 

organic and mineral form. Organic fertilizers have been 

used in agriculture since ancient times. The basis of 

organic fertilizers is the remains of animal and plant 

life. When they are mixed with the soil, they rot in the 

presence of microorganisms and enrich the soil with 

substances necessary for plants. It is known that plant 

parts contain more than 85 macro and micronutrients. 

Plant and animal remains also contain these 

substances to a certain extent. Organic fertilizers 

include: manure - animal waste. It contains all nutrients 

necessary for the plant. Under the influence of organic 

matter formed as a result of manure decay, the water-

physical properties of the soil (water permeability, 

moisture capacity, heat capacity, density) and 

biological properties improved. 

 

Organic and mineral fertilizers. 

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Volume 02 Issue 09-2022 22 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations  
(ISSN – 2771-2559) 
VOLUME 02 ISSUE 09     Pages: 20-24 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2021: 5. 705) (2022: 5. 705)  
OCLC – 1290679216  METADATA IF – 5.625 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

Servi 

carbonic acid released when organic matter 

decomposes , hard-to-assimilate compounds become 

mobile. In addition, as a result of the enrichment of the 

air at the soil level with carbon dioxide gas, the process 

of photosynthesis in plants accelerates. Along with the 

manure, a lot of microorganisms fall into the soil, with 

their participation, plant absorption of nutrients 

accelerates. The collection, amount and quality 

(composition) of manure depends on the care of the 

animals, the quality and composition of the fodder, the 

type and age of the animal. 20-30 kg of cattle manure, 

15-20 kg of horse manure , and 1.5-2.5 kg of sheep 

manure are collected in one day. Manure collected in 

farms should be stored in special places for a certain 

period of time before putting it on the ground . If this 

is done, the organic matter contained in the manure 

will be decomposed, microbes that spread infectious 

diseases will die, and the germination rate of weed 

seeds will decrease sharply. According to the data, the 

manure applied to each hectare of the field increases 

the yield of plants in crop rotation by 1 centner at the 

expense of grain . The amount of manure applied to 1 

hectare of land is 20-30 tons, and it is sprinkled on the 

field with the help of special devices before autumn 

plowing. In some farms, manure is mixed with water 

and given as "juice water" during the development of 

cotton. When preparing compost (a mixture of various 

organic residues), phosphorus fertilizer is also added, 

and it is collected in a separate place (not a deep pit, 

large-sized special devices) and covered with liquid 

manure or water. Peat (undecayed remains of wetland 

plants) usually added to manure and spread on the 

field (before plowing) is beneficial. Poultry manure 

contains more nutrients than manure. But the nitrogen 

content evaporates quickly. Therefore, it should be 

stored in a dry place covered with soil or peat. 2-4 tons 

per hectare can be applied to the field. Green grass ( 

siderates ) is planted after the cultivated plants (peas, 

plums, etc.) are well developed. As a result, the soil is 

enriched with organic matter. Waste (wastewater) 

residue (sewage, etc.) can be used as fertilizer after 

drying in a special way. Industrial waste processing 

agricultural products can also be used as fertilizer. 

Liquid manure collected on livestock farms is a high-

quality and fast-acting organic fertilizer . It contains 

0.3-0.4% nitrogen , 0.3-0.6% potassium. Liquid manure 

can also be used to feed the plant during its 

development. It is better to apply manure to vegetable 

crops before plowing. Nutrients necessary for the 

plant in the composition of mineral fertilizers are 

obtained by a chemical method . Mineral fertilizers are 

divided into the following depending on the saturated 

environment that can be formed when placed in the 

soil: a) from physiological sour fertilizers, the plant 

rapidly absorbs the cation, and the anion passes into 

the soil solution (ammonium sulfate, potassium 

chloride, potassium sulfate, ammonium-nitrogen 

fertilizer and urea); b) the plant absorbs anion from 

physiological-alkaline fertilizers, and the cation 

accumulates and alkalizes the soil environment 

(sodium nitrate, potassium and calcium nitrates); d) 

physiologically neutral fertilizers. The above -

mentioned properties of fertilizers are taken into 

account in their use, taking into account the properties 

and condition of the soil. For example, in chlorine-

saline soils, fertilizers without chlorine ions (potassium 

sulfate) are needed, and in sulfate-saline soils, it is 

necessary to apply potassium chloride fertilizer. The 

effectiveness of mineral fertilizers depends on their 

use in the appropriate period, rate and time. They are 

usually applied to the field before planting, when the 

seed is set in the soil , and during the growing season. 

According to many years of experience, 20-30 tons/ha 

of manure, 70-80% of the annual rate of phosphorus 

fertilizers, and 50% of potash fertilizers are applied to 

the field before autumn plowing. fit for purpose. If 25-

30% of nitrogen fertilizers are applied to the field when 

cotton seeds are planted, the sprouts will develop 

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Volume 02 Issue 09-2022 23 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations  
(ISSN – 2771-2559) 
VOLUME 02 ISSUE 09     Pages: 20-24 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2021: 5. 705) (2022: 5. 705)  
OCLC – 1290679216  METADATA IF – 5.625 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

Servi 

rapidly. During the growing period of cotton, mineral 

fertilizers (mainly nitrogenous and potassium, partially 

phosphorous) are applied to the field to feed the plant. 

The following must be taken into account. 

 

demand of plants for nutrients during the main growth 

periods , the order of development of plant roots, the 

state of fertilizers in the soil. In the case of cotton, it is 

better to apply mineral fertilizers to the soil in the 

following order: 15-18 cm from the seedling when the 

seedling produces 2-4 leaves , 20-22 cm from the 

seedling during the pruning period, during flowering 

and crop formation, it is placed 30-35 cm away from the 

seedling and 3-5 cm deep from the bottom of the plant. 

In recent years, new types of mineral fertilizers have 

been created and imported from foreign countries. 

Their use requires a unique differentiated approach in 

each soil-climate condition. One of the important 

requirements for the use of mineral fertilizers in 

agriculture is that they should adequately satisfy the 

nature of plants, as well as not spoil (pollute) the 

quality of soil, stream and underground water. Since 

most of the mineral fertilizers are soluble and mobile in 

water, a certain part of the substance contained in 

them pollutes wastewater and underground water. In 

addition, if nitrogenous fertilizers are applied to the 

soil in excess of the plant's biological requirements, the 

amount of nitrogen in the content of the grown crop 

(poly crops, wet fruits) will increase . The human body 

that consumes it is poisoned. Therefore, it is necessary 

to take into account non-pollution of human, animal 

and plant life and the environment (flow and 

underground water, soil) at the same time as mineral 

fertilizers are used on a large scale. The use of mineral 

fertilizers depends on the level of fertility of the soil, 

the type of plants, and the amount of intended harvest 

. According to the experiments carried out in different 

regions of Uzbekistan, it is appropriate to give mineral 

fertilizer in the following order. The optimal norm of 

nitrogen fertilizers is 25-30% before sowing the seeds, 

5-10% when the seeds are planted, the rest 2-3 times 

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Volume 02 Issue 09-2022 24 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations  
(ISSN – 2771-2559) 
VOLUME 02 ISSUE 09     Pages: 20-24 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2021: 5. 705) (2022: 5. 705)  
OCLC – 1290679216  METADATA IF – 5.625 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

Servi 

during the growth period of the plants (the last feeding 

in cotton is 10- It is better not later than July 15). 70-80% 

of the optimal rate of phosphorus fertilizers is applied 

before autumn plowing ( when the soil is treated 

before sowing seeds in saline lands ), the rest during 

seeding and during the flowering period of cotton 

(nitrogen fertilizer is added to the dog). Potassium 

fertilizers are optimally applied in the ratio of 50% 

before plowing the field, 50% during the cotton 

budding period (added to the nitrogenous fertilizer). 

Fields planted with spike crops are fed 100% of 

phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, 30% of nitrogen 

fertilizers before plowing the land, and the rest in equal 

amounts in early spring and at the beginning of the 

tuber period. 

Summary 

Organic and mineral fertilizers. 

Carbonic acid released when organic matter 

decomposes , hard-to-assimilate compounds become 

mobile. In addition, as a result of the enrichment of the 

air at the soil level with carbon dioxide gas, the process 

of photosynthesis in plants accelerates. Along with the 

manure, a lot of microorganisms fall into the soil, with 

their participation, plant absorption of nutrients 

accelerates. The collection, amount and quality 

(composition) of manure depends on the care of the 

animals, the quality and composition of the fodder, the 

type and age of the animal. 

 

REFERENCES 

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Field harvest selection, breeding as well as 

genetics basics, T., 1989. 

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of growing cauliflower // Texas Journal of 

Interdisciplinary Research. - 2022. - T. 6. - S. 8-

10. 

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