




































Volume 02 Issue 09-2022 13 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations  
(ISSN – 2771-2559) 
VOLUME 02 ISSUE 09     Pages: 13-19 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2021: 5. 705) (2022: 5. 705)  
OCLC – 1290679216  METADATA IF – 5.625 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

Servi 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ABSTRACT 

This article contains a lot of information about the types of soil distributed in the territory of Uzbekistan and their 

morphological, anatomical, physiological characteristics. Soil is formed from various rocks on the surface of the earth 

as a result of the interaction of various natural factors and living organisms under certain conditions. 

 

 

KEYWORDS 

A - with humus; V - passer; S - the mother rock is divided into horizons. Later, Glinka, Zakharov designated genetic 

layers with different letters. A - humus accumulative layer, V - transitional layer; G - gley; C - illuvial; D - mother rock. 

  Research Article 

 

TYPES OF SOILS COMMON IN UZBEKISTAN AND THEIR 

CHARACTERISTICS 
 

Submission Date: September 10, 2022, Accepted Date:  September 20, 2022,  

Published Date: September 30, 2022  

Crossref doi: https://doi.org/10.37547/ajahi/Volume02Issue09-04 

 

 

Yo’ldosheva Dilrabo Shukrullayevna 
Termez Institute of Agrotechnology and Innovative Development, Uzbekistan 

 

Xafizova Matluba Xolmamatovna  
Termez Institute of Agrotechnology and Innovative Development, Uzbekistan 

 

Davlatova Jasmina To‘ychiyevna 
Termez Institute of Agrotechnology and Innovative Development, Uzbekistan 

 

Mamarajabov Samandarbek Faxriddinovich 
Termez Institute of Agrotechnology and Innovative Development, Uzbekistan 

 

Abdullayev Muxtorjon Bobirovich 
Termez Institute of Agrotechnology and Innovative Development, Uzbekistan 

 

Journal Website: 

https://theusajournals.

com/index.php/ajahi 

Copyright: Original 

content from this work 

may be used under the 

terms of the creative 

commons attributes 

4.0 licence. 

 

https://doi.org/10.37547/ajahi/Volume02Issue09-04
https://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?q=TYPES%20OF%20SOILS%20COMMON%20IN%20UZBEKISTAN%20AND%20THEIR%20CHARACTERISTICS
https://www.mendeley.com/search/?page=1&query=TYPES%20OF%20SOILS%20COMMON%20IN%20UZBEKISTAN%20AND%20THEIR%20CHARACTERISTICS
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajahi
https://theusajournals.com
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajahi/Volume02Issue09-04


Volume 02 Issue 09-2022 14 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations  
(ISSN – 2771-2559) 
VOLUME 02 ISSUE 09     Pages: 13-19 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2021: 5. 705) (2022: 5. 705)  
OCLC – 1290679216  METADATA IF – 5.625 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

Servi 

INTRODUCTION 

Soil is formed from various rocks on the surface of the 

earth as a result of the interaction of various natural 

factors and living organisms under certain conditions. 

We understand bedrock as a natural historical body of 

soil, which differs in its fertility from bedrock that has 

undergone profound changes under the influence of 

various natural factors. Soil cover is studied in two 

ways, using historical geomorphological and 

geochemical methods. In field and laboratory 

conditions, the genetic layer of the soil is determined 

using the method of morphological, cartographic, 

stationary, experimental, vegetation, and models. 

Therefore, the soil is a multi-component, complex 

multi-functional, multi-phase open system, which is 

formed by the interaction of living organisms and 

inorganic rocks and minerals, and forms an 

independent natural body. V.V. Dokuchaev was the 

first to create a scientific theory of soil formation 

factors and processes. V.V. According to Dokuchaev's 

definition, "Soil refers to rocks naturally changed 

under the influence of water, air, and various living and 

dead organisms." V.V. Dokuchaev's instructions are 

reflected in the definition of soil by modern soil 

scientists: "Earth formed in different climatic and relief 

conditions under the influence of 5 living and dead 

organisms and natural waters in the upper horizons of 

rocks. the natural historical organo-mineral body on 

the surface is called soil". N.M. Sibirsev, one of the 

founders of soil science, further developed the ideas of 

his teacher V.V. Dokuchaev about soil, and his Russian 

scientist P.A. Kostichev paid attention to the role of 

biological factors in the formation of soil, especially the 

world of plants, and so on. ra defines soil as follows: 

"Soil should be understood as the upper layer of the 

earth's surface, where the roots of plants penetrate 

deeply." 

Soil fertility 

The property of providing plants with water and 

nutrients, as well as necessary conditions, is one of the 

different qualities and properties of the basic soil and 

rock. The main and important task is to fully and 

comprehensively study soil fertility, increase it, and 

develop measures aimed at increasing and improving 

productivity using the achievements of agricultural 

science. So, soil differs from rock by its fertility. There 

are several categories of soil fertility. It is divided into 

medicinal, artificial, potential, effective and relative 

productivity. Depending on the level of nutrients, 

water, air and heat necessary for plant life, fertility 

varies in different soils. For example: in loose, granular 

structured soils, due to the ease of conditions 

necessary for plant life, its productivity is good. 

Thorough study of soils, methods of their use, correct 

application of various fertilizers, land reclamation and 

implementation of agrotechnical activities such as 

irrigation, solving problems such as getting more crops 

from crops by increasing soil fertility are the most 

important tasks of soil science. 

https://doi.org/10.37547/ajahi/Volume02Issue09-04
https://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?q=TYPES%20OF%20SOILS%20COMMON%20IN%20UZBEKISTAN%20AND%20THEIR%20CHARACTERISTICS
https://www.mendeley.com/search/?page=1&query=TYPES%20OF%20SOILS%20COMMON%20IN%20UZBEKISTAN%20AND%20THEIR%20CHARACTERISTICS
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajahi


Volume 02 Issue 09-2022 15 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations  
(ISSN – 2771-2559) 
VOLUME 02 ISSUE 09     Pages: 13-19 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2021: 5. 705) (2022: 5. 705)  
OCLC – 1290679216  METADATA IF – 5.625 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

Servi 

 
Soil-forming parent rocks 

Parent rocks are the mineral base of the soil, and the 

mechanical, mineralogical and chemical composition, 

physical and chemical physical properties of the rocks 

forming the soil directly affect the soil formed in it. The 

composition, structure, and properties of the parent 

soil differ dramatically. Therefore, the soil will not have 

the same fertility. The porous rocks that are scattered 

on the surface of the earth mainly in the plains and can 

form soil are called soil parent rocks. The formation of 

soil is related to the removal and redeposition of rock 

products. On the surface of the earth, there are many 

processes of erosion, disintegration, displacement, 

and displacement of rocks. The force of gravity on the 

Earth's surface mainly depends on the density of the 

Earth's interior, the weight of the mass, and the shape 

of the Earth's surface. Any rock in the lithosphere 

cannot be a parent rock, when only the porous rocks - 

ruchlyaks - formed in the process of weathering have 

the characteristic of being a parent rock. All soil-

forming or parent rocks are divided into the following 

groups according to their origin: eluvial, deluvial, 

proluvial, alluvial, marine, lake, ice, eolian and loess 

deposits. Alluvial deposits are deposits formed by the 

accumulation of weathering products in their place in 

the weathering crust. Basically, these deposits are 

found in different thicknesses in high plains in 

mountainous regions. The chemical and mineralogical 

composition remains almost unchanged. Alluvial 

deposits are formed by the accumulation of 

weathering products in the lower parts of the slopes 

under the influence of the movement of rain and 

melted snow. Alluvial rocks are well-sorted and flat-

layered, usually lying parallel to the slopes. The 

mechanical composition will be different. It consists of 

sand, sand, loam and silt. Proluvial alluvial deposits are 

a mixture of various mechanical materials, such as 

https://doi.org/10.37547/ajahi/Volume02Issue09-04
https://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?q=TYPES%20OF%20SOILS%20COMMON%20IN%20UZBEKISTAN%20AND%20THEIR%20CHARACTERISTICS
https://www.mendeley.com/search/?page=1&query=TYPES%20OF%20SOILS%20COMMON%20IN%20UZBEKISTAN%20AND%20THEIR%20CHARACTERISTICS
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajahi


Volume 02 Issue 09-2022 16 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations  
(ISSN – 2771-2559) 
VOLUME 02 ISSUE 09     Pages: 13-19 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2021: 5. 705) (2022: 5. 705)  
OCLC – 1290679216  METADATA IF – 5.625 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

Servi 

stones, gravel, and sand of different sizes, collected by 

floodwaters on foothills and hills. If this deposit is 

mainly influenced by flood waters, it is also called flood 

deposits. For example: rocks in Ferghana are proluvial 

deposits. Often, these parent rocks are the parent 

rocks of barren soils. Alluvial deposits consist of 

layered deposits of different thicknesses that have 

been drained and sorted by flowing river waters and 

are widely distributed in river valleys. These deposits 

are the mother rock of the fertile soils spread on the 

river banks, valleys and deltas, which have a unique 

hydrogeological condition and chemical composition 

of different thicknesses, formed during floods. 

(Amudarya, Syrdarya, Kashkadarya, Surkhondarya, 

Zarafshan, Chirchik, Ohangaron) Marine deposits - 

mechanical structures of various sizes found on the 

seabed and on the shores consist of collection remains. 

Large mechanical elements such as small gravel, large 

sand and sand are mainly collected on the sea coast, 

and small particles similar to physical mud and turbidity 

accumulate as you move away from the coast. These 

deposits contain a large amount of chemical 

compounds, including water-soluble salts consisting of 

chlorides and sulfates, and they are somewhat saline. 

These deposits are distinguished from other deposits 

by being usually layered, well stratified and containing 

a lot of salts. Sometimes these deposits reach 2-3 m. 

(Khorazm, Fergana and Zarafshan). The role of 

igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks in the 

formation of minerals and chemical substances in the 

soil is huge. 

Desert sand soils 

Common in Kyzylkum and other sandy deserts. The 

upper layer is not dense, in some places it forms a thin 

layer. The thickness of the surface layer is about 5 cm. 

In this layer, the temperature rises to 70-800 degrees 

in summer and changes sharply during the day. The 

surface layer acts as a protective layer and keeps the 

moisture in the lower layer. Humus content in desert 

sandy soils is very low - not more than 0.2-0.5%. The 

characteristic of the mechanical composition of desert 

sandy soils is that these soils contain a large fraction of 

fine dust (0.25-0.05 mm) and large dust (0.05-0.01 

mm). These soils have almost no salinity. 

Barren soils 

It is found in the desert part of Uzbekistan, in the 

ancient alluvial plains of the Amudarya, Kashkadarya, 

Sherobodarya and other rivers, in the valleys of 

Zarafshan and Surkhandarya. Salted to varying 

degrees. It contains a lot of carbonates (8-10%). Humus 

0.3-0.8%. The existing agro-irrigation layer on irrigated 

barren soil varies from 30-40 cm to 1-2 m in thickness, 

depending on agricultural agro-techniques, local 

fertilizer applied to the ground, as well as water 

turbidity. The agroirrigated layer forms a uniform 

horizon with the same color, mechanical composition, 

viscosity and chemical properties. Such soils are found 

in Bukhara region, Karshi and Sherabad deserts. The 

formation of barren soils is the first stage in the 

transformation of alluvial plains into deserts. 

Barren soils 

It is distributed in the low plains of the sandy deserts of 

the country, in ancient alluvial and prouvial-alluvial 

plains. It is composed of clay soil, it is periodically 

flooded, and there is almost no vegetation cover. After 

the water evaporates, the baldness cracks and turns 

into a rough crust where the plant does not grow. 

Barren areas are found among alluvial soils, and in 

ancient alluvial plains, barrens are one of the main 

parts of the soil complex. The amount of humus in 

barren soil is higher than in barren soil (up to 0.5-1.0%), 

its biological activity is weaker, and it is on the border 

between soil and geological structures. 

https://doi.org/10.37547/ajahi/Volume02Issue09-04
https://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?q=TYPES%20OF%20SOILS%20COMMON%20IN%20UZBEKISTAN%20AND%20THEIR%20CHARACTERISTICS
https://www.mendeley.com/search/?page=1&query=TYPES%20OF%20SOILS%20COMMON%20IN%20UZBEKISTAN%20AND%20THEIR%20CHARACTERISTICS
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajahi


Volume 02 Issue 09-2022 17 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations  
(ISSN – 2771-2559) 
VOLUME 02 ISSUE 09     Pages: 13-19 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2021: 5. 705) (2022: 5. 705)  
OCLC – 1290679216  METADATA IF – 5.625 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

Servi 

Meadow soils 

In the desert zone, gourd waters are developed in 

places with a depth of 1-3 m (in the lower terraces of 

Amudarya, Syrdarya, Zarafshan, and Amudarya delta). 

Similar to meadow alluvial deposits. However, it is 

often covered with turf. Meadow soils are divided into 

meadow alluvial soils (along the river valleys) and 

meadow soils (in the foothill plains formed from 

prouvial soil) depending on the amount of moisture. 

Humus content is often more than 2%. Grassland soils 

are sometimes saline. 

 
Swamp and swamp-meadow soils 

It is distributed in the gray soil region and desert zone 

of Uzbekistan. It is found in the valleys of Syrdarya, 

Amudarya, Zarafshan, Chirchik, Surkhondarya and 

other rivers, as well as in the lowlands of the terraces 

of streams such as Sokh, Isfara, Margilonsoy, 

Aravonsoy, Akbora, dried up lakes and residual 

riverbeds. In these places, the ground water is located 

on the surface (less than 1 m), so there is a lot of 

moisture in the soil, and the upper layer of the soil is 

glaciated. The amount of humus is 2-3%. Shorhoks are 

common among the soils of the desert zone and in the 

lower part of the gray soil region, in the plumes of river 

https://doi.org/10.37547/ajahi/Volume02Issue09-04
https://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?q=TYPES%20OF%20SOILS%20COMMON%20IN%20UZBEKISTAN%20AND%20THEIR%20CHARACTERISTICS
https://www.mendeley.com/search/?page=1&query=TYPES%20OF%20SOILS%20COMMON%20IN%20UZBEKISTAN%20AND%20THEIR%20CHARACTERISTICS
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajahi


Volume 02 Issue 09-2022 18 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations  
(ISSN – 2771-2559) 
VOLUME 02 ISSUE 09     Pages: 13-19 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2021: 5. 705) (2022: 5. 705)  
OCLC – 1290679216  METADATA IF – 5.625 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

Servi 

valleys or foothill plains, often in present-day oases. It 

contains various salts (chloride, sulfate, carbonate, 

etc.) that are easily soluble in water. Most of the salts 

are in the upper layer of the soil. They accumulate as a 

result of rising and evaporation of seepage waters. 

Salty soils are rough, soft and black in terms of their 

morphological appearance. Crops can be planted after 

the improvement of the reclamation condition of salty 

soils. 

Meadow-oasis (irrigated) soils 

It occupies the main area in irrigated oases in the 

desert zone (Bukhara, Khorezm, Central Fergana, 

Karakalpakstan and other places). They are found 

together with barren oases and swamp-oase soils. 

Large oases have existed in Zarafshan and Amudarya 

valleys for 2-3 thousand years. During this period, an 

agro-irrigation horizon with a thickness of 2-3 m was 

formed here and buried the natural soil. The agro-

irrigation horizon of meadow-oasis alluvial soils is of 

the same bluish-gray color, mixed with anthropogenic 

additives. The arable layer is quite dense. Contains 1-

1.3% humus. In the conditions of the desert climate and 

according to the moisture regime, meadow-oasis soils 

are more prone to salinity. The soil is regularly washed 

with saline drainage. 

Morphological characteristics of the soil 

As a result of the processes of soil formation, a number 

of components, properties and characteristics of the 

soil that differ from the parent rock appear, and the 

changes are reflected in the profile of the soil. The soil 

differs from the parent rock not only by its fertility, but 

also by its external structure (morphology). The soil 

profile is the appearance of the genetic horizons of the 

soil as a result of a certain change in the vertical 

direction. The genetic horizons that make up the soil 

profile are distinguished by their unique external 

morphological features. Based on these signs, it is 

possible to distinguish soils from parent rocks and from 

each other, as well as to have a general idea of the 

progress and speed of soil formation processes. V.V. 

was the first to point out the need to study the 

morphological characteristics of the soil in natural 

conditions and the methods of this approach. 

Dokuchaev developed and made a proposal. Later S.A. 

Zakharov, V.V. He perfected Dokuchaev's style. The 

most important morphological features of soil layers 

are genetic horizons of the soil, thickness of the layer, 

color, mechanical composition, structure, joint, new 

wound and joint. In the process of soil formation, its 

granulometric, mineralogical, chemical composition, 

physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil 

change legally. The appearance of the soil section and 

the method of digging Soil horizons. Soil horizons are 

soil layers formed during soil formation, which form a 

uniform soil profile, usually developed parallel to the 

surface of the earth, and are distinguished from each 

other by their morphological characteristics. It is 

formed during the formation of soil. In Russia at the 

beginning of the 19th century, according to 

Dokuchaev's nomenclature, there are mainly 3 types: A 

- with humus; V - passer; S - the mother rock is divided 

into horizons. Later, Glinka, Zakharov designated 

genetic layers with different letters. A - humus 

accumulative layer, V - transitional layer; G - gley; C - 

illuvial; D - mother rock. D.G. Vilensky (1927) proposed 

different naming of genetic layers: A- accumulative; E- 

eluvial; I- illuvial; G- gleyy; M- parent rock. In addition, 

he introduced symbols related to soil horizons. For 

example, Achchimli, Acho-chim sub-layer, Ic-illuvial 

layer shows carbonates and hakozos. Later A.N. 

Sokolovskyi in his book "Soil Science" introduces the 

designation of genetic layers with new symbols. 

SUMMARY 

https://doi.org/10.37547/ajahi/Volume02Issue09-04
https://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?q=TYPES%20OF%20SOILS%20COMMON%20IN%20UZBEKISTAN%20AND%20THEIR%20CHARACTERISTICS
https://www.mendeley.com/search/?page=1&query=TYPES%20OF%20SOILS%20COMMON%20IN%20UZBEKISTAN%20AND%20THEIR%20CHARACTERISTICS
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajahi


Volume 02 Issue 09-2022 19 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations  
(ISSN – 2771-2559) 
VOLUME 02 ISSUE 09     Pages: 13-19 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2021: 5. 705) (2022: 5. 705)  
OCLC – 1290679216  METADATA IF – 5.625 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

Servi 

This article contains a lot of information about the 

types of soil distributed in the territory of Uzbekistan 

and their morphological, anatomical, physiological 

characteristics. Soil is formed from various rocks on the 

surface of the earth as a result of the interaction of 

various natural factors and living organisms under 

certain conditions. . V.V. Dokuchaev was the first to 

create a scientific theory of soil formation factors and 

processes. V.V. According to Dokuchaev's definition, 

"Soil refers to rocks naturally changed under the 

influence of water, air, and various living and dead 

organisms." 

REFERENCES 

1. Balashev N.I., Zeman G.O., Vegetables , T., 1977; 

2. Abdukarimov D., Safarov T., Ostanakulov T., 

Dala harvest selection , breeding as well as 

genetics basics , T., 1989. 

3. Khaitovna P.M., Faksriddinovich M.S. 

Technology of growing cauliflower // Texas 

Journal of Interdisciplinary Research. - 2022. - T 

. 6. - S. 8-10 . 

4. https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op

=view_citation&hl=ru&user=Buztwd0AAAAJ&

authuser=1&citation_for_view=Buztwd0AAAA

J:u-x6o8ySG0sC 

5. https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op

=view_citation&hl=ru&user=Buztwd0AAAAJ&

authuser=1&citation_for_view=Buztwd0AAAA

J:2osOgNQ5qMEC 

6. https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op

=view_citation&hl=ru&user=Buztwd0AAAAJ&

authuser=1&citation_for_view=Buztwd0AAAA

J:qjMakFHDy7sC 

7. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7115076 

 

 

https://doi.org/10.37547/ajahi/Volume02Issue09-04
https://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?q=TYPES%20OF%20SOILS%20COMMON%20IN%20UZBEKISTAN%20AND%20THEIR%20CHARACTERISTICS
https://www.mendeley.com/search/?page=1&query=TYPES%20OF%20SOILS%20COMMON%20IN%20UZBEKISTAN%20AND%20THEIR%20CHARACTERISTICS
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajahi

