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American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations  
(ISSN – 2771-2559) 
VOLUME 04 ISSUE 10    Pages: 17-20 

OCLC – 1290679216   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

Servi 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ABSTRACT 

Tomato is a heat-loving annual crop that belongs to the nightshade family. Seeds begin to germinate at temperatures 

no lower than 10–15 °C. At a soil temperature of 15 °C, 14–22 days pass from sowing to emergence, and if it is below 10 

°C, the seeds do not germinate at all. 

 

KEYWORDS 

Sowing, tomato, seeds, soil, planting seedlings, irrigation. 

 

INTRODUCTION

The most favorable temperature for plant growth and 

development is 22–25 °C during the day and 15–18 °C at 

night. A decrease in temperature during this period 

leads to a delay in flowering, and at 10 °C the growth of 

the plants themselves slows down. Compared to other 

crops, tomatoes are less demanding of moisture. They 

develop a powerful taproot system. In non-seedling 

tomatoes, with optimal soil moisture, the bulk of the 

root system is located in the 0-60 cm layer, and with 

seedling cultivation - 0-30 cm and rarely reaches 50 cm. 

Tomatoes require more moisture during the period of 

mass fruit formation, since its deficiency at this time 

leads to the shedding of buds and ovaries, delayed 

growth and formation of fruits on additional shoots. 

METHODOLOGY 

The best types of soil for growing tomatoes are sandy 

loam and light loam, well-warmed, rich in humus, with 

a flat relief and neutral pH. This crop also responds well 

  Research Article 

 

TOMATO GROWING TECHNOLOGY AND BIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF THE 

CULTURE 
 

Submission Date: October 03, 2024, Accepted Date:  October 08, 2024,  

Published Date: October 13, 2024 

Crossref doi: https://doi.org/10.37547/ajahi/Volume04Issue10-04 

 

 

Anarbayev Muhammad Pardabay o`g`li 
Chief specialist in education and registration, Tashkent State Agrarian University, Uzbekistan 

 

 

 

 

Journal Website: 

https://theusajournals.

com/index.php/ajahi 

Copyright: Original 

content from this work 

may be used under the 

terms of the creative 

commons attributes 

4.0 licence. 

 

https://theusajournals.com
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajahi/Volume04Issue10-04
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajahi/Volume04Issue10-04


Volume 04 Issue 10-2024 18 

                  

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations  
(ISSN – 2771-2559) 
VOLUME 04 ISSUE 10    Pages: 17-20 

OCLC – 1290679216   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

Servi 

to slightly acidic and slightly alkaline soils. Less suitable 

are heavy, waterlogged soils, where tomatoes are 

grown on ridges and ridges. The best predecessors for 

tomatoes are cucumbers, cabbage after the 

application of a large amount of fertilizers, root crops, 

onions. In field crop rotations - perennial grasses, 

mixtures of annual grasses for green mass, legumes, 

winter wheat. It is not recommended to plant 

tomatoes after potatoes, peppers, eggplants, since 

they are affected by the same diseases and pests. It 

does not tolerate permanent crops well and already in 

the third or fourth year, the yield begins to sharply 

decrease. Tomatoes are grown using seedlings and 

non-seedling methods. In the seedling method, soil 

preparation begins immediately after harvesting the 

predecessor crop by crushing plant residues with disc 

harrows. After 10–12 days, plowing is carried out to a 

depth of 22–25 cm on light soils and 25–27 cm on heavy 

soils. In the fall, one or two cultivations are carried out 

to control weeds and level the soil. In early spring, the 

soil is harrowed, if necessary, cultivated 2–3 times to a 

depth of 8–10 cm. Before planting, cultivate to a depth 

of 12–14 cm. For a seedless crop, soil cultivation should 

ensure the same seed sowing depth, obtaining 

friendly, uniform shoots, and reducing the number of 

weeds. Autumn tillage includes 1–2 stubble cultivations 

immediately after harvesting the predecessor, early 

autumn plowing with the application of mineral 

fertilizers to a depth of 27–30 cm. Then two cultivations 

are carried out, respectively, at 8–10 and 12–14 cm with 

an interval of 10–12 days. Semi-fallow tillage in autumn 

makes it possible to sow in spring with a minimum 

number of tillage operations. If the soils are well 

leveled in autumn and there are no perennial weeds, 2–

3-fold harrowing with medium harrows can be used 

instead of pre-sowing cultivation.  

DISCUSSION 

With an uneven surface, pre-sowing cultivation is 

carried out with a combined unit to the depth of seed 

sowing. The main factor for soil cultivation in the 

seedless method of growing tomatoes, especially in 

the southern regions, is a decrease in the number of 

tillage operations in the spring, which allows you to 

significantly preserve moisture reserves in the soil and 

its structure. To obtain a 10 t yield, tomato plants use 

33 kg of nitrogen, 13 kg of phosphorus and 45.5 kg of 

potassium. Organic fertilizers are not applied to 

tomatoes; they are best applied under the 

predecessor. During the growing season, at the 

beginning of crop development, it should first of all be 

provided with phosphorus and potassium. Then 

nitrogen nutrition is increased, and before fruiting — 

with potassium. Doses of mineral fertilizers are 

calculated by the balance method based on the results 

of agrochemical soil analysis, taking into account the 

removal of nutrients by the plant for the planned yield 

and their assimilation from fertilizers. On dark chestnut 

soils, it is effective to apply N120 P180 K60–90; on sod-

podzolic soils — N60–80 P80–100 K80–100; on dark 

gray forest and podzolized chernozems — N80–90 



Volume 04 Issue 10-2024 19 

                  

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations  
(ISSN – 2771-2559) 
VOLUME 04 ISSUE 10    Pages: 17-20 

OCLC – 1290679216   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

Servi 

P90–120 K70–120. On chernozem soils, N120 P120 K90 

is applied to obtain a high yield. For the main 

application (under plowing or the first cultivation), 2/3 

of the total dose of mineral fertilizers is used, and the 

rest is applied as additional feeding together with 

irrigation water (fertigation). 

RESULT 

When growing tomatoes without seedlings, the seeds 

are sown at a time that guarantees uniform 

germination and protection from frost. In the south, 

this is April 25–30, in the central part — May 1–10. With 

such sowing dates, the shoots appear later than the 

last frost. Usually, in steppe conditions, frosts are most 

likely at the end of April and until the end of the first 

ten days of May. Delay in sowing reduces the yield by 

20–25%. Under irrigation conditions, tomato seeds are 

usually sown to a depth of 3–4 cm. The sowing pattern 

is determined depending on the type of hybrid and 

growing conditions. With drip irrigation, a more 

technologically advanced sowing pattern is a strip 

sowing pattern of 90 + 50, 100 + 40, 180 + 30 cm with a 

distance between plants in a row of 30–35 cm. The 

advantage of such cultivation with large intervals 

between periods and strips is that the area that can be 

processed mechanically increases, which reduces labor 

costs, reduces the cost of the drip irrigation system due 

to the sparse pattern of laying irrigation pipelines (one 

pipeline inside the strip), and creates more favorable 

conditions for harvesting. The timing of planting 

seedlings in open ground depends on soil and climatic 

conditions and the purpose of the product. For early 

sale on the fresh market in the south, seedlings are 

planted in the second or third decade of April. For 

medium fruiting periods, respectively, 1–15 May, 10–20 

May and 15–25 May. Planting seedlings in open ground 

begins with early hybrids and ends with late ones. The 

soil is well moistened before and after planting. After 

3-4 days, new plants are planted in place of the plants 

that did not take root. Good results are obtained by 

using cassette seedlings and mulch. Planting pattern: 

(30–40 + 140–150) x 35–40 cm — for growing tomatoes 

for processing and (40 + 140) x 45–50 cm for growing 

tomatoes for the fresh market. Modern technology for 

growing tomatoes, like other vegetable crops, involves 

the use of a drip irrigation system. Providing tomatoes 

with moisture at different stages of development and 

using different growing methods (seedling, non-

seedling) differs significantly. With the non-seedling 

growing method, for normal development of the root 

system and vegetative mass, the optimal humidity 

range during the period of seedlings — the beginning 

of fruit formation is 65–70% of the FB. During the mass 

growth of fruits, the soil humidity should not be lower 

than 80–85% of the FB. During the fruiting period, to 

improve the quality of the products, the soil moisture 

should be reduced to 65-70% of the HB. This condition 

is especially important when growing tomatoes for 

processing, where the dry matter content (BRIX) is a 

significant indicator. For seedling tomatoes, the soil 

moisture should be 65-70% of the HB after planting. 



Volume 04 Issue 10-2024 20 

                  

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations  
(ISSN – 2771-2559) 
VOLUME 04 ISSUE 10    Pages: 17-20 

OCLC – 1290679216   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

Servi 

After the seedlings take root, the soil moisture regime 

is maintained similarly to the non-seedling cultivation 

method. During the growing season, the required 

volume of soil moisture, i.e. the width and depth of the 

moistened zone, also changes. The width of the 

moistening strip is determined by the width of the 

sowing (planting) strip and should be at least 40 cm in 

the initial period of vegetation. With the onset of fruit 

formation, the volume of soil moistening with each 

watering should be gradually increased, and 

throughout the fruiting period, the moistening strip 

should be at least 60 cm at a depth of 40 cm. The 

moistening area in the first case is 20-22%, in the second 

it increases to 35% of the total field area. Depending on 

the pre-irrigation soil moisture value, the width and 

depth of the moistening strip and the irrigation rate 

change. On loamy soils during the rooting period of 

tomato seedlings and the beginning of fruiting, 

provided that the drip tape with droppers is located 

every 30 cm in the center of the tape and with a pre-

irrigation soil moisture of at least 70% of the HB, the 

irrigation rate will be 50-60 m3 /ha. The irrigation time 

with such a rate is approximately 3 hours. At the 

beginning of fruiting and during the fruiting period 

with a pre-irrigation soil moisture of 80-58% of the HB, 

a strip width of 60 cm and a depth of 40 cm, with a 

single-strip seeding scheme (140 + 40 cm), the 

irrigation rate, accordingly, will be 70-90 m3 /ha. Such 

irrigation requires 3.5 to 5 hours. During the period of 

intensive water consumption, the inter-irrigation 

period should last no more than 3-4 days. As the yield 

increases, irrigation at a rate of 110–130 m3/ha should 

be carried out much less frequently to maintain 

optimal soil moisture. During the first period of 

vegetation, from germination to the beginning of 

tomato fruiting, the humidity in the 20–25-centimeter 

zone is monitored. In this case, the tensiometer (its 

ceramic probe) is installed at a depth of 10–20 cm at a 

distance of 10 cm from the axis of the tape center 

towards the smaller row spacing. The pre-irrigation 

value of the soil moisture potential (tensiometer 

readings) in this period, depending on the soil type, is 

0.063–0.074 MPa. 

REFERENCES 

1. O’zbekistonning o’simliklar dunyosi. Toshkent, 

o’qituvchi, 1997 y.  

2. Yoziyev L. H. Botanika.Qarshi, 2003 y.  

3. Sahobiddinov S. S. o’simliklar sistematikasi. T., 1976 

y.  

4. To’xtaev A., Hamidov A. Ekologiya asoslari va 

tabiatni muhofaza qilish. T., 1994 y.  

5. Ergashev A., Ergashev T. Ekologiya, biosfera va 

tabiatni muhofaza qilish. T., 2005 y.

 


