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American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations  
(ISSN – 2771-2559) 
VOLUME 04 ISSUE 11    Pages: 46-52 

OCLC – 1290679216   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

Servi 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ABSTRACT 

The article presents the results of scientific research aimed at increasing the fertility of irrigated gray-meadow soils in 

the Mirzachul oasis by planting various green manure crops. As a result of planting green manure crops, the soil has 

become enriched with organic residues, and the humus content has increased to some extent. The soil density has 

decreased, its porosity has improved, and there have been positive changes in the amount of mobile nutrients in the 

soil. Consequently, the yield of crops planted after the green manure crops has increased to a certain extent. 

 

KEYWORDS 

Humus, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, siderates, oats, rye, Fatselia, mustard, rapeseed, soil density, soil porosity. 

 

INTRODUCTION

Increasing soil fertility with the help of plant resources 

is an optimal method both ecologically and 

economically. In this case, the environment will not be 

harmed, and the cost of the grown product will be low. 

S. Sharma et al. [1] experimentally studied the 

enrichment of soil with phosphorus, organic residues, 

and an increase in the number of water-resistant 

microaggregates as a result of planting green manure 

crops.  

  Research Article 

 

IMPROVING THE PHYSICAL AND AGROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF 

IRRIGATED GRAY-MEADOW SOILS USING VARIOUS PLANT RESOURCES 
 

Submission Date: November 20, 2024, Accepted Date:  November 25, 2024,  

Published Date: November 30, 2024 

Crossref doi: https://doi.org/10.37547/ajahi/Volume04Issue11-07 

 

 

Shakhobiddin M.Turdimetov 
Professor, Doctor of Biological Sciences (DSc), Department of Agro-soil science and land reclamation, Gulistan 

State University, Uzbekistan 

Mokhinur M.Musurmanova 
Phd Student, Gulistan State University, Uzbekistan 

 

 

 

Journal Website: 

https://theusajournals.

com/index.php/ajahi 

Copyright: Original 

content from this work 

may be used under the 

terms of the creative 

commons attributes 

4.0 licence. 

 

https://theusajournals.com
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajahi/Volume04Issue11-07
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajahi/Volume04Issue11-07


Volume 04 Issue 11-2024 47 

                  

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations  
(ISSN – 2771-2559) 
VOLUME 04 ISSUE 11    Pages: 46-52 

OCLC – 1290679216   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

Servi 

P. Sullivan [2] studied the effect of planting vetch on 

maize yield. In the studies, the costs of planting green 

manure crops were covered by the additional yield 

obtained from maize. Due to the improvement of soil 

properties, the yield of maize planted in recent years 

has increased.  

Y.G. Mishchenko et al. [3] conducted studies on the 

effect of various crops on potato yield. As a result of 

planting oilseed radish, the type and number of weeds 

also decreased. It was found that there is an inverse 

correlation between oilseed radish phytomass and 

weed infestation. 

Research has been conducted on the properties of the 

soils of the Mirzachul oasis, as well as on the 

differences in the productivity of soils developed in 

different geomorphological conditions [4-10]. It has 

been noted that the physical properties and 

agrochemical characteristics of these soils also vary 

depending on natural and climatic conditions. 

Kh.A.Batirov, Sh.M.Turdimetov, R.B.Nurillaeva [11] 

provided information on the ecological role of siderat 

crops. They emphasized that the combined use of 

siderat crops is more effective than their separate use.  

In articles on the properties of irrigated grassland soils 

of the Mirzachul oasis and ways to increase their 

productivity, it was found that the efficiency of green 

manure crops on these soils with low soil productivity 

is better than on other soils [12-17]. 

METHODS 

When selecting the research object, an attempt was 

made to locate it in areas typical for the soils of the 

Mirzachul oasis. The research work was carried out on 

irrigated meadow soils in the old irrigated part of 

Mirzachul. Before planting siderat crops, the physical 

properties and agrochemical indicators of the soil were 

determined, and then after harvesting these crops, 

these properties were repeatedly studied and 

compared. We used such crops as oats, rye, Fatselia, 

mustard and rapeseed as siderats. 

RESULTS 

The importance of root and shoot residues in 

improving soil properties is important. Plant remains in 

the soil are the main source of organic matter and 

enrich the soil with nutrients and humus. Due to plant 

remains, the soil becomes soft, the amount of 

agronomically valuable aggregates increases, 

biological activity increases, favorable water-air 

properties and oxidation-reduction conditions are 

formed.  

Below is information on the amount of biomass 

remaining in the soil as a result of planting siderate 

crops (Figure 1). 



Volume 04 Issue 11-2024 48 

                  

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations  
(ISSN – 2771-2559) 
VOLUME 04 ISSUE 11    Pages: 46-52 

OCLC – 1290679216   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

Servi 

 

1-picture. The amount of biomass remaining under the influence of siderates, t/ha (2021-

2023 years) 

 

The highest indicator of the amount of biomass 

remaining from plants was obtained in the rapeseed 

planting variant. The amount of biomass obtained over 

three years was 20.79 t/ha. The least amount of 

biomass was obtained in the oats planting variant. It 

was also noted that the phacelia planting variant also 

showed good results, with more than 18 tons of 

biomass per hectare. 

Planting Siderate crops is one of the best ways to 

improve soil fertility, but it is not widely used. Green 

manures are important in enriching the soil with 

organic matter and thereby improving the physical 

properties of the soil. 

As a result of planting siderate crops, a decrease in soil 

density was observed (Table 1). A decrease in soil 

density was observed in the 30-50 cm layer of the 

mustard-planted variant. Here we can see a decrease 

from 1.46 g/cm2 to 1.34 g/cm2. It can be seen that the 

soil density is almost unchanged in the 0-30 cm layer 

where phaccelia is planted as a siderate crop. In the 

oat-planted variant, the decrease in density in the 

arable layer and the arable sublayer was almost the 

same. In the case of rye planting, it is possible to 

observe that the density has changed little in the 

driving layer. 

 



Volume 04 Issue 11-2024 49 

                  

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations  
(ISSN – 2771-2559) 
VOLUME 04 ISSUE 11    Pages: 46-52 

OCLC – 1290679216   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

Servi 

Table-1. 

Change in soil bulk density under the influence of Siderates (2021-2023) 

№ Experience options 
Layer depth, 

cm 

Volume weight, g/cm2 

Before 

planting 

After 

siderates 

Difference 

(±) 

1 Control-Sideratless 
0-30 1,33 xx xx 

30-50 1,42 xx xx 

2 Oats 
0-30 1,38 1,34 -0,04 

30-50 1,46 1,44 -0,02 

3 Rye 
0-30 1,35 1,34 -0,01 

30-50 1,46 1,38 -0,08 

4 Fatselia 
0-30 1,38 1,38 0 

30-50 1,44 1,36 -0,08 

5 Mustard 
0-30 1,38 1,35 -0,03 

30-50 1,46 1,34 -0,12 

6 Rapeseed 
0-30 1,38 1,28 -0,10 

30-50 1,46 1,38 -0,08 

 

If we pay attention to the experiments on the change 

in mobile nutrient elements under the influence of 

siderats, it can be observed that the amount of nitrate 

nitrogen in the lower layer of the plowed soil changed 

significantly in all variants (Table 2). 

Changes in nutrients under the influence of siderate 

crops are better felt under the influence of mobile 

phosphorus. It is known that gray soils are carbonates, 

so there is a high probability of formation of calcium 

phosphates. That is why the amount of mobile 

phosphorus is low.   

Table 2. 

Changes in the amount of nitrate nitrogen, mobile phosphorus, and exchangeable 

potassium in the soil under the influence of Siderate (2021-2023) 



Volume 04 Issue 11-2024 50 

                  

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations  
(ISSN – 2771-2559) 
VOLUME 04 ISSUE 11    Pages: 46-52 

OCLC – 1290679216   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

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    Depth, cm 

Nitrate 

nitrogen, 

mg/kg 

Mobile 

phosphorus, 

mg/kg 

Exchangeable 

potassium, 

mg/kg 

1 
Control-

Sideratless 

0-30 20,65 38,3 246 

30-50 13,1 26,4 178 

2 Oats 
0-30 26,62 39,2 236 

30-50 19,44 21,2 176 

3 Rye 
0-30 25,52 39,1 254 

30-50 17,45 21,8 209 

4 Fatselia 
0-30 29,96 44,6 262 

30-50 20,55 31,2 214 

5 Mustard 
0-30 26,93 42,5 262 

30-50 19,32 30,5 210 

6 Rapeseed 
0-30 24,12 45,7 263 

30-50 18,43 31,6 215 
 

Siderate plants secrete special secretions in their roots, 

and these secretions dissolve difficult-to-dissolve 

phosphates and increase the amount of mobile 

phosphorus.  

In our experiments, compared to the control variant, 

an increase in the amount of mobile phosphorus was 

observed in the variant planted with rapeseed. It can 

be observed that it increased by 20 percent (45.7 

mg/kg) compared to the initial state (38.3 mg/kg). This 

shows that rapeseed had a greater effect on the 

amount of mobile phosphorus than other crops. It can 

be seen that the amount of mobile phosphorus has 

increased in the variants planted with Phacelia and 

mustard crops. 

In terms of the amount of exchangeable potassium, it 

can be observed that its amount increased in all crops, 

both in the arable and under-arable layers. A relatively 

higher increase was observed in the variant planted 

with rapeseed. A slight decrease in the amount of 

exchangeable potassium in the arable under-arable 

layer of the variant planted with oats can be observed. 

This is explained by the fact that this crop absorbs 

more potassium than other crops. 

CONCLUSION 



Volume 04 Issue 11-2024 51 

                  

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations  
(ISSN – 2771-2559) 
VOLUME 04 ISSUE 11    Pages: 46-52 

OCLC – 1290679216   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

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As a result of planting siderate crops and plowing them 

into the soil during the flowering period, the properties 

of the soil, the phytosanitary condition are improved, 

and it is enriched with nutrients. This has a positive 

effect on the yield of crops planted after it. As a result 

of planting siderat crops, it is possible to grow 

environmentally friendly and inexpensive products. 

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1. Sharma S., Kaur S., Choudhary O., Singh M., Al 

Huqail A., Ali H.M., Kumar R., Siddiqui M. Scientific 

Reports | (2022) 12:7167 | 

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-11106-x.  

2. Sullivan P. Overview of Cover Crops and Green 

Manures. Appropriate technology Transfer fo Rual 

Areas. July, 2003. pp. 1-16. 

3. Mishchenko Y.G., E.A. Zakharchenko, S.I. Berdin, 

O.V. Kharchenko, E.R. Ermantraut, I.M. Masyk, V.S. 

Tokman. Herbological monitoring of efficiency of 

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Volume 04 Issue 11-2024 52 

                  

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations  
(ISSN – 2771-2559) 
VOLUME 04 ISSUE 11    Pages: 46-52 

OCLC – 1290679216   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

Servi 

Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations. Volume 

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