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 VOLUME Vol.05 Issue01 2025 

PAGE NO. 13-14 

DOI 10.37547/ajahi/Volume05Issue02-04 

 
 
 
 

The influence of zero tillage and the effectiveness of 

various grain cropping rotation schemes in the flocked 

grain rainfed of Uzbekistan 
 

B.D.Khaydarov 

Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) of Agricultural Sciences, Research Institute of Rainfed Agriculture, Uzbekistan 

 

S.S.Rustamov 

Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Bakhmals Scientific Experimental Station, Research Institute of Rainfed Agriculture, Uzbekistan 

 

J.S.Mavlanov 

Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) of Agricultural Sciences, Research Institute of Rainfed Agriculture, Uzbekistan 

 

 

Received: 11 December 2024; Accepted: 13 January 2025; Published: 15 February 2025 

 

Abstract: The use of an optimal system of main and pre-sowing tillage is the most important and decisive 
agrotechnical measure for obtaining stable and high yields of grain and other products in rainfed farming 
conditions. The use of minimal and resource-saving soil cultivation technology improves its properties, rainfed 
areas are used especially effectively, and the yield and quality of grain increases. In this regard, through the 
effective use of soil moisture, maintaining soil fertility and increasing the yield of grain crops.   

 

Keywords: Rainfed farming, soil, crop rotation, resource-saving technology, tillage, zero tillage, flat cutter, soil 
density, clean fallow, precipitation, productive stems, number of weeds, amount of grain, yield, economic 
efficiency. 

 

Introduction: The use of an optimal system of main and 
pre-sowing tillage is the most important and decisive 
agrotechnical measure for obtaining stable and high 
yields of grain and other products in rainfed farming 
conditions. 

Currently, the area of rainfed arable land in Uzbekistan 
is more than 750 thousand hectares and the main crops 
of grains, legumes and other crops are located on gray 
soils, occupying the territory between altitudes from 
200 to 1500-1800 m above sea level. In all vertical 
zones, specific features of climatic conditions are 
clearly manifested: periodic precipitation and the 
presence of two hydrothermal phases - a wet, warm 
spring and a dry, hot summer. As the area rises above 
sea level, the air temperature improves, the biomass of 
plants increases and the intensity of microbiological 
processes noticeably decreases. 

The average annual precipitation in the lower part of 
the rainfed region varies between 250-400 mm (plain 
and plain-hilly zones) and in the upper zone from 400 
to 600 mm or more (foothill and mountain zones). 

Through many years of research carried out in the 60-
70s at the former Uzbekistan Research Institute of 
Rainfed Agriculture, a system for cultivating rainfed 
soils was developed (G.A. Lavronov, V.I. Korobov, 1969, 
1979, etc.). This tillage system primarily involves annual 
moldboard plowing of the soil at a depth of 20-22 cm. 

However, in their opinion, in some conditions, 
especially with the introduction of scientifically based 
schemes of grain-fallow crop rotation, minimal 
moldboard-free cultivation with flat-cutting and disk 
implements is not inferior in efficiency to moldboard 
plowing by 20-22 cm and can reduce production costs 
by almost 1.5-2 times. 

 

https://doi.org/10.37547/ajahi/Volume05Issue02-04
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajahi/Volume05Issue02-04
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajahi/Volume05Issue02-04
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajahi/Volume05Issue02-04


American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations 14 https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajahi 

American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations (ISSN: 2771-2559) 
 

 

Currently, research on the development and 
improvement of soil protection systems for the 
treatment of rain-fed gray soils has been carried out 
extremely poorly. 

In this regard, we studied the effectiveness of multi-
depth tillage systems using minimal and “Zero 
technology” (no till) without main tillage with direct 
sowing of winter and spring wheat seeds into the soil 
with a Turkish seeder “AGROLEAD” and their effect on 
the yield of winter wheat in the links of grain-fallow 
crop rotation in the conditions of a semi-sufficient flat-
hill rainfed zone. 

METHODOLOGY    

Methodology and conditions for conducting research. 
The research was carried out at the Central 
Experimental Base of the Research Institute of Rainfed 
Agriculture. 

The soils of the experimental plot are typical gray soils, 
medium loamy typical gray soils. The content of organic 
matter (humus) in the 0-22 cm layer is 0.55-0.85%, 
gross nitrogen - 0.056-0.067%, 0.06-0.08% total 
nitrogen and potassium -0.9-1.4%. The soils are 
insufficiently provided with digestible forms of 
nitrogen, moderately provided with mobile phosphates 
and sufficiently provided with exchangeable 
potassium. 

RESULTS 

Research conducted in various soil and climatic 
conditions has established that during non-moldboard 
shallow tillage with flat cutters, disc harrows, the bulk 
density, microaggregate composition of the soil and 
other water-physical properties of the soil change 
slightly in comparison with moldboard plowing (N.R. 
Nikulin, V.N. Shamray, 1986; A. Kireev, 1989, etc.). 

It is known that soil moisture under rainfed farming 
conditions is the main limiting factor in plant life. 

A.I. Baraev (1968), I.E. Shcherbak (1974) note that soil-
protective tillage with flat cutters and other 
implements contributes to more intensive absorption 
of precipitation by the soil and, consequently, the 
creation of higher moisture reserves.   

The grain yield of wheat coming after chickpeas for all 
years of research was higher than the control variant by 
0.38 t/ha (151%) and the second wheat in pure fallow. 

The average wheat grain yield for a three-field grain-
fallow crop rotation was 1.13 t/ha, which is 0.08 t/ha 
lower than for a two-field crop rotation. The efficiency 
of pure fallows was as high as in two-field crop rotation. 
The average wheat grain yield in pure fallow for 7 
rotations of three-field crop rotation was 1.39 t/ha, 
which is 193% higher than monocultures. Chickpeas in 
this crop rotation scheme were also a good 

predecessor for wheat, providing an average increase 
in grain yield of 0.33 t/ha. 

Direct sowing of wheat seeds, “Zero technology” (no 
till) without main treatment with direct sowing of 
winter and spring wheat seeds in the soil with a Turkish 
“AGROLEAD” seeder provided an increase in grain yield 
of 0.8 c/ha or 111% compared to the control option. 

Based on three years of research, the following 
conclusions can be drawn: 

CONCLUSIONS 

1. In the conditions of a semi-sufficient rainfed zone, 
the use of zero tillage is effective only in the links of 
grain-fallow crop rotation with short rotation (pure 
fallow-wheat-wheat); 

2. Relatively high yields of wheat grain with “Zero 
technology” (no till) without main treatment with 
direct sowing of winter and spring wheat seeds into the 
soil with a Turkish seeder “AGROLEAD” in comparison 
with moldboard plowing of 20-22 cm carried out in the 
fall is due to the greater density of plant standing and 
the water regime of the soil. 

3. Leguminous crops (chickpeas) in the semi-sufficient 
rainfed zone are good predecessors for wheat due to 
their nitrogen-fixing ability.  

REFERENCES 

Лавронов Г.А. Севообороты на богаре « Сельское 
хозяйство Узбекистана»,1965г №9. 

Лавронов Г.А. Пшеница в Узбекистне. Ташкент, Изд-
во «Узбекистан», 1969. 

Маманиязов С.М. Водно-физические свойства и 
водный режим почв богарного земледелия 
Узбекистана. Автореферат канд. дисс., 
Ташкент,1968. 

Роде А.А. Водный режим почв и его регулирование. 
М.,1963. 

 


