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 VOLUME Vol.05 Issue01 2025 

PAGE NO. 4-6 

DOI 10.37547/ajahi/Volume05Issue01-02a 

 
 
 
 

The influence of norms of sowing seeds and rates on 

grain yield in combination sowing of forage crops 
 

Iminov Abduvali Abdumannobovich 

Doctor of agricultural sciences, professor, Tashkent State Agrarian University, Republic of Uzbekistan 

 

Karimova Marhabo Abdullaevna 

PhD student, Research Institute of Cereals and Legumes, Republic of Uzbekistan 

 

Rakhimov Azizbek Dilmuratovich 

Doctor of philosophy in agricultural sciences, associate professor, Andijan Institute of Agriculture and Agrotechnologies, Republic of 

Uzbekistan 

 

 

Received: 26 October 2024; Accepted: 29 December 2024; Published: 30 January 2025 

 

Abstract: The article presents data on the effect of seeding rates and ratios on grain yield when intercropping 
vetch, barley, and triticale in the conditions of pasture gray soils of the Andijan region. Intercropping triticale with 
vetch provided a higher grain yield of 6.1-9.7 q/ha compared to the option planted alone, intercropping barley 
with vetch provided a higher grain yield of 4.0-7.1 q/ha compared to the option planted alone, and intercropping 
vetch with barley provided a higher grain yield of 3.1-5.4 q/ha compared to the option planted alone.   

 

Keywords: Barley, vetch, triticale, seed, sowing norm and rate, grain yield. 

 

Introduction: In order to obtain the highest yield when 
the same plant is grown continuously, it is necessary to 
create the most favorable conditions for the growth 
and development of the crop. If several crops are 
planted together, a slightly better soil is created for the 
harvest. As a result of unfavorable conditions for one 
type of crop, favorable for the second type of plant, it 
is possible to obtain a crop that can replace one of the 
other [2].  

The level of study of the problem. In intercropping, two 
or more crops are planted in a row, in a row, or in a strip 
in the same plot. In this method, the seeds are not 
mixed before planting, but are planted separately. For 
example, when intercropping with soybeans, they are 
planted in separate seedbeds or in separate boxes in 
the same seedbed. This method is also called 
intercropping. The purpose of intercropping is to 
increase food quality and productivity [1, 2, 4, 5]. 
According to many scientists, intercropping is 
considered to have begun after intercropping. Plants 
were originally naturally mixed, and then, as people 

began to live in groups, they were planted separately. 
Also, when planting several crops together, it is 
possible to get a good harvest even in years with 
unfavorable weather conditions. Continuous planting 
of the same crop in the same field for several years 
does not always yield the desired yield. Because when 
planting several crops together, the ground is created 
for the desired yield [6]. 

METHODS 

Our research was conducted in the Andijan region in 
2021-2023 in the conditions of old-fashioned irrigated 
pastures of gray, medium-grained, with a depth of 4-5 
meters, and non-saline soils. 

Our experiments aimed to determine the effect of 
seeding rates and ratios on grain yield when 
intercropping barley, vetch, and triticale, and included 
15 options. The experimental options were arranged in 
4 replications and the options were arranged in 4 tiers. 
The total area of each option was 60 m2, of which 30 
m2 was used. The total area of the experiment was 0.36 

 

https://doi.org/10.37547/ajahi/Volume05Issue01-02
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajahi/Volume05Issue01-02
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajahi/Volume05Issue01-02
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajahi/Volume05Issue01-02


American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations 5 https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajahi 

American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations (ISSN: 2771-2559) 
 

 

hectares. 

The research was conducted in field and laboratory 
conditions, and the field experiment layout, 
calculations, and observations were based on the 
methodological manuals “Methods of conducting field 
experiments” and “Methodology of the State Variety 
Testing of Agricultural Crops” [3, 7]. The following 
mineral fertilizers were used in crop cultivation: 
ammonium nitrate (N 33-34%), ammophos (N 11-12%, 
P2O5-46%), and potassium chloride (K2O-60%). 

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 

Our studies have shown that the seeding rates and 
ratios of barley, vetch and triticale have an effect on 
grain yield. According to the data obtained from the 
studies, the grain yield was 52.0 q/ha from the option 
where triticale was planted alone at a rate of 150 kg per 
hectare, 40.9 q/ha from the option where barley was 
planted alone at a rate of 150 kg per hectare, and 28.4 
q/ha from the option where vetch was planted alone. 

It was found that in the options where different seeding 
rates and ratios of barley, vetch and triticale were used 
in our studies, grain yield increased compared to the 
options where the crops were planted alone, and in the 
options where triticale and vetch were planted 
together, grain yield was 6.1-9.7 q/ha higher than the 
option where triticale was planted alone. In the 
variants planted with triticale and vetch, the highest 
grain yield indicators were obtained from the variant 
planted with 150 kg/ha triticale + 75 kg/ha vetch (2:1) 

and amounted to 61.7 q/ha, while the grain yield was 
obtained from the variant planted with 150 kg/ha 
triticale + 100 kg/ha vetch (3:2) and 60.7 q/ha, and the 
grain yield was obtained from the variant planted with 
150 kg/ha triticale + 50 kg/ha vetch (3:1) and 58.1 q/ha 
(Table 1). 

It was found that the grain yield in the variants planted 
with vetch and triticale was 4.7-7.8 q/ha higher than 
the variant planted with triticale alone. The highest 
grain yield in the variants planted with vetch and 
triticale was obtained from the variant planted with 
120 kg/ha vetch + 60 kg/ha triticale (2:1) and amounted 
to 59.8 q/ha, while the grain yield in the variant planted 
with 120 kg/ha vetch + 80 kg/ha triticale (3:2) was 58.7 
q/ha, and the grain yield in the variant planted with 120 
kg/ha vetch + 40 kg/ha vetch (3:1) was 56.7 q/ha. 

It was found that the grain yield in the variants planted 
with barley and vetch was 4.0-7.1 q/ha higher than the 
variant planted with barley alone. In the variants 
planted with vetch in combination with barley, the 
highest grain yield indicators were obtained from the 
variant planted with 150 kg/ha barley + 75 kg/ha vetch 
(2:1) and amounted to 48.0 q/ha, while the variant 
planted with 150 kg/ha barley + 100 kg/ha vetch (3:2) 
yielded 47.1 q/ha, and the variant planted with 150 
kg/ha barley + 50 kg/ha vetch (3:1) yielded 44.9 q/ha. It 
was found that the grain yield in the variants planted 
with vetch and barley was 15.6-17.9 q/ha higher than 
in the variant planted with vetch alone. 

Table 1 

Effect of seeding norms and rates on grain yield in intercropping with fodder crops, 

q/ha (2021-2023 year) 

No. 

Var. 

Crop 

types 
Seeding norms and rates 2021 2022 2023 Average 

1 Triticale 150 kg/ha 49.3 52.6 54.0 52.0 

2 Barley 150 kg/ha 39.2 41.4 42.0 40.9 

3 Vetch 120 kg/ha 27.1 28.2 29.9 28.4 

4 

Triticale 

+ Vetch 

150 kg/ha triticale+50 kg/ha vetch (3:1) 55.5 58.7 60.1 58.1 

5 150 kg/ha triticale+75 kg/ha vetch (2:1) 59.6 62.2 63.2 61.7 

6 
150 kg/ha triticale+100 kg/ha vetch 

(3:2) 
58.3 61.4 62.5 

60.7 

7 

Vetch + 

triticale 

120 kg/ha vetch+40 kg/ha triticale (3:1) 54.0 57.1 58.9 56.7 

8 120 kg/ha vetch+60 kg/ha triticale (2:1) 57.5 60.0 62.0 59.8 

9 
120 kg/ha vetch + 80 kg/ha triticale 

(3:2) 
56.1 58.6 61.3 

58.7 

10 

Barley + 

vetch 

150 kg/ha barley + 50 kg/ha vetch (3:1) 43.2 45.5 46.0 44.9 

11 150 kg/ha barley +75 kg/ha vetch (2:1) 46.4 48.3 49.4 48.0 

12 
150 kg/ha barley + 100 kg/ha vetch 

(3:2) 
45.2 47.5 48.5 

47.1 



American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations 6 https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajahi 

American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations (ISSN: 2771-2559) 
 

 

13 
Vetch + 

barley 

120 kg/ha vetch+40 kg/ha barley (3:1) 42.0 44.6 45.4 44.0 

14 120 kg/ha vetch+60 kg/ha barley (2:1) 45.5 46.2 47.2 46, 3 

15 120 kg/ha vetch+80 kg/ha barley (3:2) 44.0 45.0 46.7 45, 2 
 

In the variants planted with barley in combination with 
vetch, the highest grain yield indicators were obtained 
from the variant planted with 120 kg/ha vetch + 60 
kg/ha barley (2:1) and amounted to 46.3 q/ha, while 
the variant planted with 120 kg/ha vetch + 80 kg/ha 
barley (3:2) yielded 45.2 q/ha, and the variant planted 
with 120 kg/ha vetch + 40 kg/ha vetch (3:1) yielded 44.0 
q/ha. It was found that the grain yield in the variants 
planted with vetch and barley was 3.1-5.4 q/ha higher 
than in the variants planted with barley alone. 

CONCLUSION 

It was found that the seeding norms and rates of forage 
crops affect grain yield, and each crop type was higher 
than the variants planted alone. Triticale and vetch 
intercropping provided a higher grain yield of triticale 
plants by 6.1-9.7 q/ha compared to the variant planted 
alone, barley and vetch intercropping provided a higher 
grain yield of barley plants by 4.0-7.1 q/ha compared to 
the variant planted alone, and barley and vetch 
intercropping provided a higher grain yield of barley 
plants by 3.1-5.4 q/ha compared to the variant planted 
alone. 

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