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 VOLUME Vol.05 Issue04 2025 

PAGE NO. 21-25 

DOI 10.37547/ajahi/Volume05Issue04-06 

 
 
 
 

New Varieties of Chickpea in Rainfed Fields 
 

Haydarov Bekmurod Dusiyaevich 

Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Agricultural Sciences, Scientific Research Institute of rainfed Agriculture, Uzbekistan 

 

Nahalboev Jahongir Tursinbaevich 

Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Agricultural Sciences, Scientific Research Institute of rainfed Agriculture, Uzbekistan 

 

Umirzokov Azim Khonturaevich 

Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Jizzakh Region Agricultural Services Center, AKIS, Uzbekistan 

 

 

Received: 26 February 2025; Accepted: 22 March 2025; Published: 25 April 2025 

 

Abstract: The article presents the results of research on the development of new local varieties of chickpea 
adapted to unfavorable soil and climatic conditions in rainfed lands. These varieties are resistant to drought, heat, 
diseases, and pests, while also being high-yielding. The study highlights the importance of incorporating 
economically efficient leguminous crops into crop rotation systems to maintain and improve soil fertility, thereby 
increasing production. Additionally, the research describes the development of early-maturing, drought- and 
disease-resistant chickpea varieties with 15–20% higher yield and protein content compared to the standard 
variety. The study also covers the initial seed production of promising chickpea varieties recommended for 
cultivation in rainfed areas.   

 

Keywords: Crop, chickpea, legume, grain, variety, sample, row, hybrid, selection, crossing, standard, disease, 
yield, increase, seed production, quality. 

 

Introduction: According to data from the international 
FAO (STAT) organization, the leading countries in 
chickpea production worldwide are India (8,832.5 ha) 
and Australia (813.3 ha). 

In Uzbekistan, the Asian type of chickpea is widely 
cultivated. Its origin is considered to be Southwest Asia 
(specifically between Greece and Iran) and Asia Minor. 
According to Dekondol, it spread to India at a later 
stage. 

Ramakrichna V. and Chatrath M.S. (1988) studied the 
introgression of genes from the wild species Cicer 
reticulatum into the cultivated species Cicer arietinum. 
Through 1-3 rounds of backcrossing between ICC 8923 
(“Kabuli” type) and TZ (“Desi” type) varieties, they 
managed to reduce undesirable traits. The resulting 
hybrids demonstrated resistance to Ascochyta blight 
disease. 

During the selection process, new varieties suitable for 
different conditions are developed and recommended 

for large-scale cultivation. This ensures the renewal of 
seed stocks, which, according to academician Gulyayev 
G.V. (1991), should be done as quickly as possible for 
maximum efficiency. 

Dencic S. and S. Borojevic (1991) argued that high yields 
are not achieved solely by frequent irrigation or 
fertilization but also by selecting varieties best adapted 
to specific climatic conditions. 

In Uzbekistan, interspecific hybridization in chickpea 
breeding has shown great success when using tall, 
drought-resistant, and Ascochyta blight-tolerant local 
and imported varieties. This was acknowledged in 
scientific studies by K.E. Eshmirzayev (1996). 

According to research by I. Ernazarov (2012), in the 
rainfed fields of Kashkadarya region, chickpea has 
proven to be a good predecessor crop for cereal crops, 
increasing their yield by 50-60%. 

Based on the analysis of the reviewed literature, 
incorporating chickpea, a leguminous grain crop, into 

 

https://doi.org/10.37547/ajahi/Volume05Issue04-06
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajahi/Volume05Issue04-06
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajahi/Volume05Issue04-06
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajahi/Volume05Issue04-06


American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations 22 https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajahi 

American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations (ISSN: 2771-2559) 
 

 

crop rotation systems with cereals in rainfed areas 
plays a crucial role in improving soil fertility and 
increasing net income per hectare. Moreover, selecting 
initial genetic sources for breeding high-yielding 
varieties resistant to abiotic and biotic stress factors, as 
well as improving agronomic practices for these new 
varieties, remains one of the most urgent tasks in 
modern agriculture. 

METHODS 

In the central experimental farm of the Rainfed 
Agriculture Research Institute, the Laboratory of 
Genetics, Breeding, and Seed Production of 
Leguminous Crops conducted studies on newly 
selected chickpea varieties and lines alongside local 
varieties during the 2020–2022 breeding stages. 

All agronomic practices were carried out based on the 
recommendations and methodologies developed by 
the Gallaorol Scientific Experimental Station of RARI in 
1994. Phenological observations and field and 
laboratory evaluations were conducted following the 
guidelines established by the State Commission for 
Crop Variety Testing (1985, 1989) and the former All-
Union Institute of Plant Industry (VIR, 1985). 

The experimental data were analyzed using dispersion 
mathematical analysis based on the methodology of 
B.A. Dospekhov (1985). 

RESULTS 

Results from the control field. In this experimental 
field, 24 lines were planted in 5 m² plots, with two 
replications, and Yulduz variety was used as a control. 
The growing period of the Yulduz variety in this 
experiment was 79 days, and compared to it, the lines 
with numbers 17553, 17560, 17130, and 17443 ripened 
3-4 days earlier. In terms of plant height, lines 17553, 
17560, and 17290, as well as those with lower pod 
placement, showed superiority over the control 
variety, with lines 17142, 17245, 17358, and 17421 
being more favorable. The lines with the highest 
number of pods per plant (17-20 pods) were 17553, 
17560, 17576, 17130, and 17261. The 1000 seed weight 
of the Yulduz variety was 331 g, and the lines with 
larger seeds, weighing 70-140 g or more, were 17198, 
17290, 17421, and 17443. In terms of yield, the lines 
17443, 17358, 17560, 17553, and 17421 were selected 
for initial variety testing, as their yield was 1.1-2.2 

quintals higher per hectare compared to the control 
variety. 

Results from the Competitive Variety Test Field. In this 
experiment, 16 pea variety samples were studied over 
25 m² plots with 4 replications, totaling 64 plots over 
three years. Yulduz variety was used as the control. 
Observations and analyses were conducted based on 
valuable characteristics and traits for agricultural use 
(Figure 1). 

Growth Period. According to the three-year research 
results, the growth period of pea varieties and lines 
ranged from 73 to 84 days on average. The growth 
period of the Yulduz variety was 80 days on average 
over three years, while the Lazat variety matured 7 
days earlier and the Uzbekistan-32 variety matured 2 
days earlier compared to the control. 

Plant Height. This indicator varied over the three years 
due to different weather conditions, planting times, 
and the early maturity group classifications of the 
varieties. Specifically, in 2020, due to higher annual 
rainfall compared to other research years, all varieties 
and lines had taller plants. 

According to biometric analysis conducted over three 
years, the plant height of the 16 varieties and lines 
ranged from 35.1 to 42.3 cm, with the Yulduz variety 
averaging 36.5 cm. 

The experiments revealed that the following varieties 
and lines had taller plants than the Yulduz variety: 
Jahongir (38.2 cm), Guliston (38.0 cm), M-74 (40.4 cm), 
Istiqlol (40.6 cm), and FLIP 93-93 (42.3 cm). 

Pod Placement Height. According to the research 
results, this indicator averaged between 19.2 cm and 
22.3 cm in the studied lines and varieties. Compared to 
the control variety, the following lines and varieties had 
higher pod placement heights: FLIP 93-93 (22.3 cm), 
Mustaqillik-20 (21.6 cm), Jahongir (21.1 cm), Istiqlol 
(21.5 cm), and 14442 (20.6 cm). 

Number of Pods per Plant. On average, over three 
years, this indicator was 22.5 pods per plant for the 
Yulduz variety. Higher numbers of pods were observed 
in the varieties and lines Lazat, Uzbekistan-32, Iroda-96, 
Javlon, and line № 14442 (Figure 1). 

  



American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations 23 https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajahi 

American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations (ISSN: 2771-2559) 
 

 

 

Figure 1. Valuable agricultural traits of pea varieties in the competitive variety 

test field (Gallaorol, 2022-2024). 

According to the analysis results, the early-maturing 
pea varieties Uzbekistan-32, Javlon, and Iroda-96 had 
protein swelling temperatures in the leaf ranging from 
58.5°C to 59.5°C, while the late-maturing varieties 
Istiqlol, Guliston, Orzu, 14442, and M-74 had swelling 
temperatures between 60.5°C and 61.5°C. 

Additionally, one of the factors determining drought 
and heat resistance is the total water content in the 
leaves during the full pod development period. The 
highest water content was found in the early-maturing 
Javlon variety at 69.79%, followed by Iroda-96 at 
68.86%, late-maturing M-74 line at 66.88%, and 
Guliston at 67.04%. 

The total dry biomass weight was 73.8 g for the Yulduz 
variety, and it ranged from 77.7 g (Mustaqillik-20) to 
117.0 g (Iroda-96) in all the other studied varieties and 
lines, as determined by physiological analysis in 
laboratory conditions. 

Regarding the total dry biomass weight of the plants, 
the root system showed an increase of 4.8% in Iroda-96 
and reached 8.8% in Istiqlol. Furthermore, the stem 
weight as a percentage of total dry biomass was 14.0% 
in Javlon and 28.8% in Jahongir. 

In the studied varieties and lines, the leaf weight 
ranged from 20.3 g to 22.8 g in early-maturing varieties 
such as Lazat, Uzbekistan-32, Javlon, Jahongir, and line 
14442, 13130/1, while it increased to 26.9 g to 28.8 g in 
late-maturing varieties such as Orzu, Istiqlol, and 
Guliston. 

Pea Disease Resistance. As described in the weather  

condition analysis above, in May 2022-2024, the 
amount of precipitation was lower than average for the 
year, and the air temperature was higher and drier than 
the multi-year average. As a result, conditions were not 
favorable for the development of Ascochyta blight, a 
disease that causes significant damage to peas. 
Consequently, the Yulduz variety had a 20% infection 
rate with this disease, Mustaqillik-20 had a 15% 
infection rate, 13130/1 line had 30%, and 15165 line 
had 25%. No symptoms of this disease were observed 
in the other studied varieties and lines. 

Number of Pods per Plant. This indicator averaged 22.5 
pods per plant for the Yulduz variety over three years. 
In comparison, the number of pods was 27.2 in line 
14442, 24.0 in Iroda-96, 31.8 in Lazat, and 23.4 in Nurli 
Quyosh. 

1000 Seed Weight. Among the studied varieties and 
lines, the smallest 1000-seed weight was found in Lazat 
variety (180 g), while the largest was in M-74 (430 g). 
The Yulduz variety had an average of 305 g. The 1000-
seed weight in M-74 (430 g), Guliston (375 g), Orzu 
(367.5 g), and Istiqlol (352.5 g) was 47.5-125 g higher 
than the control variety. 

Seed Yield. From 2020 to 2022, the seed yield of 16 
varieties and lines in the competitive variety test field 
varied. According to the research results over three 
years, the Yulduz variety yielded an average of 8.1 
quintals per hectare. Ten varieties had seed yields 0.2-
1.7 quintals higher than the Yulduz variety. Specifically: 
Iroda-96: 7.6 q/ha, Nurli Quyosh, Javlon: 7.5 q/ha, 

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American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations 24 https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajahi 

American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations (ISSN: 2771-2559) 
 

 

Mustaqillik-20: 8.5 q/ha, Line 14442: 8.8 q/ha, Line 
15025 (Orzu): 8.3 q/ha, Lazat: 7.5 q/ha, Jahongir: 7.6 
q/ha. A complete description of these indicators is 
shown in Figure 2. 

 

  

 

Figure 2. Disease resistance, productivity elements, and yield of pea varieties in the 

competitive variety test field (Gallaorol, 2022-2024). 

Compared to the control variety, in the pea sample 
nursery, it was found that there were 28 very early-
maturing and 165 early-maturing samples, 105 with 
taller plants (5-15 cm), 201 with a 1000-seed weight 
greater than 350 g, and 27 with higher yields (115.1-
135% compared to the control Yulduz variety). 

In the first-year selection nursery, 11 very early-
maturing and 147 early-maturing samples were 
identified. Among them, 58 had taller plants, 107 had 
larger seeds, and 12 had high yields, which were 
selected for the next stage of breeding. 

In the second-year selection nursery, 9 very early-
maturing, 36 early-maturing, 12 with taller plants, 79 
with higher 1000-seed weight, 15 with higher yields, 
and 8 with very high yields (lines No. 17538, 17553, 
17584, 17627, 17132, etc.) were identified. 

In the control variety test field, compared to the Yulduz 
variety, the early-maturing lines 17553, 17560, 17130, 
and 17443, as well as the high-yielding lines 17443, 
17358, 17560, 17553, and 17421, were selected for the 
next breeding stage. 

Based on the three-year research results in the 
competitive variety test field, compared to the Yulduz 
variety, the following lines were superior in specific 
traits: 

Early-maturing: Lazat, Uzbekistan-32, Iroda-96, Taller  

plants: FLIP 93-93, Istiqlol, M-74, Guliston, Jahongir, 
Higher 1000-seed weight: M-74, Guliston, Orzu, Istiqlol, 
Higher seed yield: No. 14442, No. 15025 Orzu, 
Mustaqillik-20, Jahongir. 

CONCLUSION 

Regardless of weather conditions, the varieties that are 
resistant to drought, heat, and disease, as well as early-
maturing, include Lazat, Uzbekistan-32, Iroda-96. 
Varieties with taller plants include FLIP 93-93, Istiqlol, 
M-74, Guliston, Jahongir. Varieties with higher 1000-
seed weight include M-74, Guliston, Orzu, Istiqlol. 
Varieties with higher yield include No. 14442, No. 
15025 Orzu, Mustaqillik-20, Jahongir. 

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Большой энциклопедический словарь 
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Задорин А. Д. Проблемы научного обеспечения 
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