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 VOLUME Vol.05 Issue04 2025 

PAGE NO. 45-52 

DOI 10.37547/ajahi/Volume05Issue04-10 

 
 
 
 

Dynamics of Soil Moisture Application of Mineral 

Fertilizers in Rainy Areas, Cereal Crops Grain Quality 

and Impact on Productivity 
 

I.Sh.Mamatkulov 

Scientific Research Institute of Rainfed Agriculture, Uzbekistan 

 

B.D.Khaydarov 

Scientific Research Institute of Rainfed Agriculture, Uzbekistan 

 

A.S.Muratkasimov 

Scientific Research Institute of Rainfed Agriculture, Uzbekistan 

 

R.O.Kurbanov 

Karshi State University, Uzbekistan 

 

 

 

Received: 28 February 2025; Accepted: 29 March 2025; Published: 30 April 2025 

 

Abstract: The article presents experimental results on the application of mineral fertilizers in the growth phases 
of soft wheat, Bakhmal-97 variety, durum wheat variety, Yaqut-2014 variety, barley variety, Mushtarak variety, 
depending on the type and rate of fertilizers, on the dynamics of soil moisture and the rate of crop feeding, grain 
quality and yield. According to the results, the optimal feeding rate for the application of mineral fertilizers in 
arable fields depends on the dynamics of soil moisture and for obtaining high-quality yields of soft wheat 
"Bakhmal-97" variety is N40P40K40 kg per hectare, durum wheat "Yakut-2014" and barley "Mushtarak" varieties 
The results of the study are presented on the optimal feeding rate of N50P40K40 kg per hectare for obtaining 
high-quality grain and high yields using mineral fertilizers at different growth phases.   

 

Keywords: Dry lands, mineral fertilizers, fertilizer rate, soil moisture dynamics, soft wheat, hard wheat, barley, 
grain quality, grain yield, feeding rate. 

 

Introduction: Nowadays, the global warming of the 
climate has a negative impact on grain quality and 
productivity, soil fertility and structure, and soil 
degradation. Improving the food security of the 
population living in these areas by eliminating these 
problems in dry areas is considered one of the 
important and urgent tasks. 

Agricultural products grown in Lalmicor regions have a 
number of advantages in the production of aromatic 
products rich in protein, amino acids, vitamins, and 
minerals vital for the human body. At present, corn, 
leguminous, sugarcane and oil crops are cultivated in 

dry areas the need for its products is increasing year by 
year not only in the domestic market, but also in the 
world market. 

Effective use of mineral fertilizers in arid areas allows 
to grow a stable high-quality crop of grain, legumes, 
oilseeds and other agricultural crops, and to improve 
soil fertility and its structure. 

According to the results of experiments, in all arable 
lands of Uzbekistan, the reduction in the amount of 
organic and mineral nutrients in the soil due to global 
climate change and anthropogenic factors over the 
past decades has led to a deep degradation of the soil 

 

https://doi.org/10.37547/ajahi/Volume05Issue04-10
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajahi/Volume05Issue04-10
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajahi/Volume05Issue04-10
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajahi/Volume05Issue04-10


American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations 46 https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajahi 

American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations (ISSN: 2771-2559) 
 

 

structure. The effectiveness of mineral fertilizers in 
these areas varies depending on the amount of 
atmospheric precipitation, the depth of soil wetting, 
the type of predecessors, agrotechnics, and many other 
factors. 

According to experiments conducted in the 
mountainous and hilly regions of Lalmikor with semi-
sufficient rainfall (280-360 mm), the amount of organic 
matter (humus) in the soil decreases from 1.2-1.3% to 
0.58-0.65% (0-20 cm) in the variants where the soil is 
cultivated with plows to a depth of 20-22 cm and 
organic and mineral fertilizers are not applied 
[1,2,3,4,6]. 

Over the past several decades, the replacement of 
scientifically based farming systems with grain crops, 
the reduction of annual and perennial leguminous 
crops, forage crops, and other crops, and the 
insufficient use of local and mineral fertilizers and plant 
protection products have led to a decline in 
productivity and its quality. This, in turn, creates 
favorable conditions for a decrease in soil fertility and 
deterioration of its structure, as well as increased wind 
and water erosion. Lalmikor's studies have shown that 
in semi-arid areas of the land, the amount of humus in 
the soil decreases by 1.2 tons per hectare as a result of 
2-3 clean plowings per year [1]. 

In semi-rainfed arable lands, the fertilizer rate is 40 
kg/ha of nitrogen, phosphorus, in mountainous and 
hilly areas, the rate of these fertilizers is 50 kg/ha, and 
in years of abundant rainfall (400-600 mm) up to 60 
kg/ha (in terms of net active substance) allows 
increasing the yield by an average of 4-5 quintals [2]. 

METHODS 

The field experiment was conducted in the conditions 
of loamy soils at the Central Experimental Farm of the 
Lalmikor Agricultural Research Institute. The 
experimental materials were soft wheat "Bakhmal-97" 
variety, durum wheat "Yakut-2014" variety, and barley 
"Mushtarak" variety. The research was conducted in 9 
variants and 3 replicates. 

The experimental field is located in a semi-arid, 
lowland, hilly region of arable land at an altitude of 580 
m above sea level, and the soil consists of typical arable 
gray soils. The soils of the experimental field are 
moderately sandy, moderately susceptible to water 
and wind erosion, and their topsoil (0-20 cm) contains 
0.55-0.88% humus, 0.18-0.20% total nitrogen, 0.16-

0.18% phosphorus, and 1.6-1.8% total potassium, with 
a soil pH of 7.0. The mineralization of groundwater is 4-
8 g/l, and groundwater is located below 10 m and has 
almost no effect on soil formation processes [3,4]. 

The following observations and measurements were 
carried out during the years of research: Phenological 
observations, biometric measurements according to 
the “Methodology of State Variety Testing of 
Agricultural Crops” (1985), the number of tubers per 1 
sq. m of the plant using 0.25 m2 pads, soil moisture by 
the thermostat method, according to the humus-Tyurin 
method, otal nitrogen was determined by the Kjeldahl 
method, total phosphorus by the Lorentz method, total 
potassium by a flame photometer, nitrate nitrogen (N-
No. 3) by disulfenol reagent, mobile phosphorus and 
exchangeable potassium by Machigin in a 1% 
ammonium carbonate solution. 

Agrophysical properties and characteristics of the soil: 
volume weight N.A. Kachinsky method, using a 
cylinder, specific gravity using the pycnometer method, 
mechanical composition of the soil N.A. Kachinsky's 
method, using a pipette, its aggregate composition was 
studied by Savvinov's method. 

RESULTS  

One of the main factors limiting the productivity of 
cereals and other crops and soil fertility in arable fields 
is the lack of moisture in the soil as a result of the 
relatively low amount of atmospheric precipitation and 
its uneven distribution throughout the year. In these 
areas, the lack of moisture in the soil during the growth 
and development phases of winter cereals and other 
crops causes a decrease in physiological and 
biochemical processes in plants, and in some drought 
years, their complete cessation. 

The arable lands of our republic have unique soil and 
climatic conditions, which are not found in the arid 
regions of the world, even in the republics of Central 
Asia. The climate is sharply variable, with cold winters 
and hot summers. The amount of precipitation is 
relatively small (250-400 mm) and is unevenly 
distributed throughout the year. Its main part (80%) 
falls on the winter and spring months, and the rest falls 
on the autumn and summer months [7].  

During the years of the experiments, weather 
conditions during the growing season of cereal crops 
changed as follows (Table 1). 

Table 1 

Changes in weather conditions during the growing season of cereal crops in the experimental years, 

data from the Gallaorol AGMS (2022-2024) 



American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations 47 https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajahi 

American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations (ISSN: 2771-2559) 
 

 

Indicators  
Months 

Total or 

average 

X XI XII I II III IV V VI  

Precipitation, mm 

Perennial 17,1 35,0 55,0 40,4 52,0 65,0 53,6 35,4 8,4 361,9 

2021-2022 yy - 18,4 13,8 53,4 13,0 173,6 39,3 78,0 5,8 395,3 

2022-2023 yy 76,5 53,7 25,3 19,1 106,2 29,3 30,5 23,1 0 363,7 

2023-2024 yy - 45,2 17,0 30,6 34,5 87,2 32,0 67,5 8, 322,1 

Air temperature, °С 

Perennial 12,1 5,9 0,3 -4,0 0,4 5,6 12,7 18,4 24,6 8,4 

2021-2022 yy 10,0 4,3 3,8 3,4 4,7 4,9 18,2 20,0 25,4 10,5 

2022-2023 yy 12,5 7,5 1,4 -7,4 4,7 12,2 14,7 19,9 26,5 10,2 

2023-2024 yy. 9,8 3,7 3,0 3,6 1,8 7,6 15,4 19,2 20,6 9,4 

Relative air humidity, % 

Perennial 62 73 82 85 82 75 69 59 45 70 

2021-2022 yy 52 66 75 86 73 76 63 62 43 64 

2022-2023 yy 58 83 87 79 82 69 62 48 32 67 

2023-2024 yy 56 82 88 80 81 71 64 49 34 67 

In dryland areas, especially in its lower regions, drought 
is the main natural factor limiting the productivity of all 
dryland crops. According to the data of the Galla-Arol 
agrometeorological station, the average monthly 
temperature in the experimental area is 11.60 ° C, the 
minimum temperature in January is -25 ° C, and the 
maximum temperature in June is 45 ° C. The long-term 
average precipitation is 361 mm. These indicators are 
10.10 ° C, -300 ° C, 390 ° C, and 425 mm, respectively, 
in the mountainous region located at an altitude of 
1307 m above sea level [1]. 

In the 2021-2022 agricultural year, during which the 
experiments were conducted, the amount of 
precipitation exceeded the multi-year norm (362mm) 
by 33.4 mm. However, due to the complete absence of 
precipitation in October 2021 and the drying of the 
topsoil, soil cultivation and planting had to be carried 
out later (10.11.2021). Wheat seeds planted in 
November and even in winter due to less than normal 
rain and snow, germinated only in February and March 
with a strong thinning.  

The amount of precipitation in the spring months of 
2022 exceeded the long-term norm by 33.4 mm. In the 
2022/2023 agricultural year of the study, precipitation 

was around the multi-year norm (364 mm). October 
and November, which were much longer than the 
annual norm, ensured that winter wheat fully 
germinated until the planting of late October and a 
steady decrease in air temperature to +5C. However, 
the relatively low rainfall during the winter wheat 
earing and grain storage period (May-June) caused soil 
moisture deficits, which in turn led to a decrease in 
photosynthesis and crop yield. 

The amount of precipitation in the 2023/2024 
agricultural year of the experiment (322.1 mm) was 
39.9 mm below the multi-year norm and 42.0 mm 
below the previous year. Due to the very low rainfall in 
October 2023, plowing and sowing of winter wheat 
seeds were carried out in the second 10 days of 
November (14.11.23). Compared to last year, spring 
months (March-May) were cooler than last year, 
allowing favorable soil moisture and feeding regime to 
occur. 

In the experimental years, the average monthly air 
temperature was +1-2.1 °C higher than the multi-year 
norm (8.4 °C warmer), and 0.3-0.8 °C lower than the 
previous 2022/23 agricultural year. Relative air 
humidity was 6% lower than the multi-year norm (70%) 



American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations 48 https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajahi 

American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations (ISSN: 2771-2559) 
 

 

in the 2021/22 agricultural year, and 3% lower in 
2022/23 and 2023/24. In the second half of the winter 
wheat growing season in the arable fields, the 
precipitation deficit in most years reaches 290 mm, and 
the moisture coefficient is 0.25-0.30. By this time, the 
lack of moisture in the soil significantly reduces the 
productivity of photosynthesis [8]. 

The effect of mineral fertilizers on the dynamics of total 
and physiological moisture in the soil was studied in the 
0-100 cm layer of soil during the pre-sowing (October), 
tillering (March, tillering (April), heading (May), milk-
wax and full ripening stages of winter wheat in 2022-
2024 (Figure 1). 

Figure 1 

Dynamics of total soil moisture depending on the rate of mineral fertilizers 

Average for 2022-2024 

 

 

 It is known that soil moisture and air temperature are 
important during the flowering stage of winter wheat 
in dry areas. Winter wheat planted at the end of 
October and the first ten days of November due to 
rainfall in the autumn and winter months of 2022 being 
below the multi-year average "Bakhmal-97" and 
"Mushtarak" varieties of barley germinated in the 
second ten days of February, and "Yakut-2014" variety 
of durum wheat germinated in the third ten days of 
February. 

According to the results of the study, the highest 
moisture reserve in the 1 m layer of soil (2431 m3/ha) 
was reached by the stage of winter wheat 
accumulation. 

The fact that the amount of moisture in the 0-100 cm 
layer of the soil by the tuber stage of winter wheat is 
1648-1798 cubic meters per hectare depending on the 
rate of mineral fertilizers in the options planted in 3 
years, As a result of the uneven distribution of 
precipitation, the weather conditions in the autumn 
and winter months were drier than the long-term 
norm, by early spring, when the grain grasses began to 
germinate, the depth of soil moisture was only 40-50 
cm. In such conditions, the moisture in the 0-100 cm  

layer of the soil (1834 m3/ha) was a cubic meter. 

The headage period of winter cereal crops in arable 
fields is the most critical period, as it is at this time that 
the reproductive organs (ears) of the wheat begin to 
form. At this stage, as a result of the decrease in 
precipitation, a sharp increase in air temperature (35-
38 °C), and a decrease in relative air humidity by 40-
50%, soil and air drought begins. Under these 
conditions, the photosynthetic productivity of grain 
crops decreases. 

In the experiments conducted, the average moisture 
content in the 1 m layer of soil at the earing stage of 
winter wheat was 110-1230 m3/ha, depending on the 
rate of mineral fertilizers in the experimentally planted 
variants. By the peak stage of crops in the 2023-2024 
agricultural year, the moisture reserve in the 0-100 cm 
layer of the soil is 950-1080, respectively, in the above 
options; It was 910-1082 and 1400-1507 m3/ha. 

According to the results of the experiment, the amount 
of moisture in the 0-100 cm layer of the soil in the 
phase of milk-wax ripening, i.e. grain collection, was 
1096-1138 m3/ha according to the options. It was 
determined that the moisture reserve in the 1 m layer 
of the soil during the milk-wax ripening stage of winter 

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

Назорат 

(ўғитсиз)

Р30К30 (фон) (фон)+N30 (фон)+N40 (фон)+N50 Р40К40 (фон) (фон)+N30 (фон)+N40 (фон)+N50



American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations 49 https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajahi 

American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations (ISSN: 2771-2559) 
 

 

wheat was 843-1120 m3/ha, depending on the rate of 
fertilizers. 

In the semi-rainfed plain-hilly region, the bulk density 
or density of the soil was found to be 1.17-1.25 g/cm3 
in the 80-100 cm layer of soil in the autumn (before 
sowing) plowed to a depth of 20-22 cm, reaching 1.23-
1.42 g/cm3 at the full ripening stage and increasing by 
0.12-0.17 g/cm3. 

According to the results of the research, the rates of 
absorption of nutrients in different growth phases of 
soft wheat "Bakhmal-97", hard wheat "Yakut-2014" 
and barley "Mushtarak" are different. It was found that 
soft wheat variety "Bakhmal-97" has a high demand for 
nutrients. During the research, the following 
parameters were analyzed: ear length, number of 
grains per ear, grain weight per ear, 1000-grain weight, 
yield, gluten content in the grain, and IDC. 

According to the results of the study, the plant height 
was from 99.0 cm to 114.8 cm, the spike length was 
from 9.5 cm to 9.9 cm, the number of spikelets was 
from 15.5 to 16.5, the number of grains was from 30 to 
38, and the grain weight was from 1.30 g to 1.58 g. The 
1000-grain weight was from 39.6 g to 41.5 g, and the 
yield was 13.2-16.7 c/ha. In the control (without 
fertilizer) variant, the 1000-grain weight was 39.6 g, 
and the yield was 13.2 c/ha. The highest indicator in the 
experiment was achieved by variant 8 N40R40K40, with 
a 1000-grain weight of 41.5 g and a yield of 16.7 c/ha. 

One of the main indicators indicating the breadiness of 
wheat grain is the amount of gluten in the grain and the 
index of IDK, the amount of gluten in the grain 
belonging to the highest class is 36%, 1-32%; 2- 28%; 3- 
23% and 4- higher than 18% and the IDK indicator 
should be from 45 to 75 for the higher class, in wheat 
grains of the 1st grade, the dough is considered to be 
satisfactorily soft when the index is from 76 to 110, and 
satisfactorily hard when this index is from 15 to 45. 
Experiments have shown that the bakeability of such 
grains is unsatisfactory when the index is below 15 and 
above 110. 

In the variants we analyzed, the gluten content and the 
IDC indicator in the control (without fertilizer) variant 
(28.0%, IDC 87.4) were the highest, while variant 9 was 
the lowest (30.7%, IDC 72.9). 

In the conducted experiments, the nutrient absorption 
ratios of the durum wheat variety "Yakut-2014" 
differed at different growth phases (Table 2). 

According to the results of the study, the plant height 
in our no-fertilizer variant was 95,8 cm, in P30K30 
(background) 97,1 cm and (background) +N50 102,4 cm, 
and in P40K40 (background) 101,2 cm, in our P40K40+N50 
variant the highest indicator was 103,0 cm, and the 
spike length in our no-fertilizer variant was 7,1 cm, 
P30K30 

Table 2 

The effect of mineral fertilizer rates on yield and grain quality indicators of soft wheat variety 

"Bakhmal-97" (Gallaorol-2022-2024). 

№ Options  

P
la

n
t 

h
ei

g
h
t,

 c
m

 
 

Key spike indicators 

1
0
0
0
 g

ra
in

s 

w
ei

g
h
t,

 g
 

P
ro

d
u
ct

iv
it

y
, 

ts
/h

a 

G
lu

te
n
 

am
o
u
n
t 

(%
) 

 

ID
K

 

Length 

cm 

number 

of 

spikes, 

pcs 

number 

of grains, 

grains 

grain 

weight, 

g  

1 
Control (no 

fertilizer) 
99,0 9,5 15,5 40 1,30 39,6 13,2 28,0 87,4 

2 Р30К30 99,5 9,5 15,5 41 1,31 39,6 13,7 28,6 83,3 

3 Р30К30+N30 103,6 9,6 15,7 41 1,31 40,3 14,2 29,4 72,7 

4 Р30К30+N40 105,2 9,7 16,5 46 1,42 40,5 15,4 29,7 72,9 

5 Р30К30+N50 112,2 9,7 16,5 46 1,45 41,0 15,8 30,3 87,4 

6 Р40К40 (фон) 101,4 9,5 15,6 42 1,32 40,8 14,3 29,8 93,3 

7 Р30К30+N30 101,9 9,6 16,2 47 1,48 41,0 14,9 29,6 82,7 

8 Р30К30+N40 114,8 9,9 16,5 48 1,58 41,2 16,7 30,7 72,9 

9 Р30К30+N50 113,6 9,8 16,5 48 1,56 41,5 16,3 30,0 77,4 

(background) 7,4 cm and (background)+N50 7,7 cm and P40K40 (background) 7,5 sm, in our P40K40+N50 variant 



American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations 50 https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajahi 

American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations (ISSN: 2771-2559) 
 

 

the highest indicator was 8,5 cm, the number of 
spikelets in our no-fertilizer variant was 16,1, P30K30 
(background) 16,1 and (background)+N50 18,5 and 
P40K40 (background) 17,9, in our P40K40 +N50 variant the 
highest indicator was 18,8 cm, the number of grains in 
our version without fertilizer is 48, R30K30 (background) 
48,1 and (background) + N50 56 and R40K40 (background) 
51,5, the highest indicator in our version of R40K40 + N50 
is 58,3 grains, the grain weight in our version without 
fertilizer is 1,2 g, P30K30 (background) 1.3 g and 
(background) + N50 1.4 g and R40K40 (background) 1,3 g, 

the highest indicator in our version of R40K40 + N50 is 1.5 
g, the weight of 1000 grains in our version without 
fertilizer is 40.8 g, P30K30 (background) 40,8 g and 
(background) + N50 42,0 g, and P40K40 (background) 
41.0 g, in our P40K40 +N50 variant the highest indicator 
was 42,8 g, the yield was 20,1 c/ha, in the control 
(without fertilizer) variant the weight of 1000 grains 
was 40,8 g, the yield was 16,0 c/ha. In the experiment, 
the highest indicator was shown by the 9th variant 
P40K40 N40, the weight of 1000 grains was 42,4 g, the 
yield was 19.7 c/ha (Table 3). 

 

Table 3 

The effect of mineral fertilizer rates on the yield indicators of durum wheat variety "Yakut-2014" 

(Gallaorol-2022-2024). 

№ Options  

P
la

n
t 

h
ei

g
h
t,

 c
m

 
 

Key spike indicators 

1
0
0
0
 g

ra
in

s 

w
ei

g
h
t,

 g
 

P
ro

d
u
ct

iv
it

y
, 

ts
/h

a 

Length 

cm 

number of 

spikes, pcs 

number 

of 

grains, 

grains 

grain 

weight, 

g  

1 
Control (no 

fertilizer) 
95,8 7,1 16,1 48,0 1,2 40,8 16,0 

2 Р30К30 97,1 7,4 16,1 48,1 1,3 40,8 16,0 
3 Р30К30+N30 100,2 7,6 16,4 48,5 1,3 41,3 16,5 
4 Р30К30+N40 100,4 7,7 18,5 52,0 1,4 41,5 17,7 
5 Р30К30+N50 102,4 7,7 18,5 56,0 1,4 42,0 17,9 
6 Р40К40 (фон) 101,2 7,5 17,9 51,5 1,3 41,0 16,5 
7 Р30К30+N30 102,2 8,1 18,6 56,1 1,3 41,3 18,1 
8 Р30К30+N40 103,0 8,5 18,8 58,3 1,5 42,1 19,3 
9 Р30К30+N50 106,4 8,9 20,1 60,4 1,7 42,8 20,4 

According to the results of the study, the plant height 
of the "Mushtarak" variety of barley in our version 
without fertilizers is 75.8 cm, the productive cluster is 
2.4 grains, the number of grains in one spike is 21.6 
grains, the length of the spike is 7.5 cm, the weight of 
the main spike 1.8 g, 1000 grain weight 48.8 g, yield 
15.1 c/ha, R30K30 (background) plant height 76.8 cm, 
productive set 2.5 grains, number of grains per spike 
22.0, spike length 8.1 cm, main spike weight 1.8 g, 1000 
grain weight 48.8 g, yield 15.7 c/ha, (background)+N30 

plant height 78.2 cm, productive set 2.5 grains, number 
of grains per spike 22.2 grains, spike length 8.1 cm, 
main spike weight 1.9 g, 1000 grain weight 49.3 g, yield 
16.6 c/ha, (background)+N40 plant height 78.4 cm, 
productive set 2.7 grains, number of grains per spike 
23.5 grains, spike length 8.5 cm, main spike weight 2.0 
g, 1000 grain weight 49.5 g, yield 18.9 c/ha, (фон)+N50 

ўсимлик бўйи 78,4 см, маҳсулдор тупланиш 2,7 
дона, бир бошоқдаги дон сони 23,5 дона, бошоқ 
узунлиги 8,7 см, асосий бошоқ оғирлиги 2,2 г, 1000 
дона дон оғирлиги 50,0 г, ташкил этди (4-жадвал).  

Table 4 

The effect of mineral fertilizer rates on the yield indicators of the barley variety "Mushtarak" (Gallaorol-

2022-2024). 



American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations 51 https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajahi 

American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations (ISSN: 2771-2559) 
 

 

 

№ 
Вариантлар 

P
la

n
t 

h
ei

g
h
t,

 c
m

 
 

Key spike indicators 

1
0
0
0
 g

ra
in

s 

w
ei

g
h
t,

 g
 

P
ro

d
u
ct

iv
it

y
, 

ts
/h

a 

Productive 

accumulation, 

grain 

number of 

grains in 

one ear, pcs  

Spike 

length, 

cm.  

Main 

spike 

weight, 

г 

1 
Control (no 

fertilizer) 
75,8 2,4 21,6 7,5 1,8 48,8 15,1 

2 Р30К30 76,1 2,5 22,0 8,1 1,8 48,8 15,7 
3 Р30К30+N30 78,2 2,5 22,2 8,1 1,9 49,3 16,6 
4 Р30К30+N40 78,4 2,7 23,2 8,5 2,0 49,5 18,9 
5 Р30К30+N50 78,4 2,7 23,5 8,7 2,2 50,0 20,7 
6 Р40К40 (фон) 76,2 2,5 22,0 8,4 1,9 49,0 16,6 

7 Р30К30+N30 78,2 2,5 22,2 8,5 1,9 49,3 16,6 
8 Р30К30+N40 78,8 2,7 23,5 8,7 2,2 50,1 20,7 
9 Р30К30+N50 78,8 2,7 23,5 8,7 2,3 50,3 21,7 

Grain yield was analyzed on average 20.7 c/ha, P40K40 
(background) plant height 76.2 cm, productive cluster 
2.5 grains, number of grains per spike 22.0 grains, spike 
length 8.4 cm, basic spike weight 1.9 g, 1000 grain 
weight 49.0 g, yield 16.6 c/ha, (background)+N30 plant 
height 78.2 cm, productive cluster 2.5 grains, number 
of grains per ear 22.2 grains, ear length 8.5 cm, main 
ear weight 1.9 g, 1000 grain weight 49.3 g, yield 16.6 
c/ha, (background)+N40 plant height 78.8 cm, 
productive cluster 2.7 grains, number of grains per ear 
23.5 grains, ear length 8.7 cm, main ear weight 2.2 g, 
1000 grain weight 50.1 g, yield 20.7 c/ha, 
(background)+N50 plant height 78.8 cm, productive 
cluster 2.7 pieces, number of grains in one spike 23.5, 
spike length 8.7 cm, main spike weight 1.3 g, weight of 
1000 grains 50.3 g, yield 21.7 ts/ha. 

Conclusion 

According to the results of the conducted research, it 
was observed that the application of mineral fertilizers 
in pure form at the rate of N40P40K40 kg per hectare 
to ensure optimal nutrition standards for soft wheat 
"Bakhmal-97" variety at different growth phases in the 
conditions of typical gray soils of the mountainous 
region of the arable land showed high results in 
experiments. 

It was found in experiments that the application of 
mineral fertilizers at the rate of N50P40K40 kg per 
hectare in pure form to ensure optimal nutrition and 
high yields during the growth phases of durum wheat 
"Yakut-2014" and barley "Mushtarak" showed high 
results. 

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American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations (ISSN: 2771-2559) 
 

 

wheat with urea. 

  


