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 VOLUME Vol.05 Issue05 2025 

PAGE NO. 9-12 

DOI 10.37547/ajahi/Volume05Issue05-03 

 
 
 
 

On the Environmental Problems Arising in The 

Development of The Cotton Industry 
 

Ishniyazov Zokhid Normamatovich 

Free researcher at the International Center for Strategic Development and Research in the field of food and agriculture, Uzbekistan 

 

 

Received: 16 March 2025; Accepted: 12 April 2025; Published: 14 May 2025 

 

Abstract: As a result of the agroeconomic refoms many positive resuls were achieved, economic stabilite was 
established in the Republic, great achievemens were achieved in satisfying the demand of the population of the 
Republic fo food producs and industrial raw materials with the producs grow in our country. According to the 
resuls of many studiyes, cotton occupiyes a leading position in agricultural production. The purpose of this article 
is to develop the derictions of digitization of the system of placyement of variyetiyes in the cross- section of the 
regions in the field of cotton, in the conditions of development of market relation.   

 

Keywords: Agriculture, production resources, technologies, agrocluster, farm, cooperatives, food, atmosphere, 
farming, natural wealth, economic problem, environmental problems. 

 

Introduction: In the context of the development of 
market relations, the prospects for ensuring the 
sustainable development of the agrarian sector 
economy are directly related, first of all, to the effective 
use of existing resources, the introduction of resource-
saving equipment and agrotechnologies. 

Widespread use of the achievements of agricultural 
science and technology, advanced practices in the 
sector is an important basis for the promising 
development of agricultural production at a time when 
resource scarcity is becoming increasingly evident, 
their quality is deteriorating, and the threat of negative 
consequences of environmental problems for humans 
and the environment is increasing. 

Due to environmental problems emerging in 
agriculture, such as the increase in the content of 
chemical compounds harmful to human health in food 
products, drinking water, and the deterioration of the 
melioration state of soils, new technologies, 
agrotechnical methods, and economic mechanisms 
that ensure environmental safety require constant 
implementation in practice. 

Main part 

Global   climate   change occurring   on   our   planet, 
increasing population, development of measures to 
adapt    agricultural    production    to    the    negative  

consequences   of   climate   change, introduction   of 
effective economic mechanisms, and expansion of 
scientific   research   on   improving   food   supply   are 
emerging. 

According to experts, taking into account that the 
world population will reach 9.6 billion by 2050, the 
issue of economical use of available agricultural 
resources for food production will become extremely 
urgent.  In  this regard, the  issue  of  effective  use  of  
resources  in  the agricultural  sector  of  our  republic,  
especially  in  cotton cultivation,  and  the  promotion  
of  the  introduction  of resource-saving  technologies  
into  practice  is  the  issue of the state's attention.In 
particular, the decision of the President of the Republic 
of Uzbekistan dated December 27, 2018 No. PQ-4087 
"On urgent measures to create favorable conditions for 
the widespread introduction of drip irrigation system in 
the cultivation of raw cotton", it is aimed at economic 
stimulation of the introduction of water-saving 
technologies in cotton cultivation, and serious delays 
are being allowed in the implementation of  
scientifically  based  agrotechnical  measures  in  the 
cultivation of cotton raw materials and the introduce 
tion of    water - saving    technologies    of    irrigation,    
the introduction of drip irrigation technology, farms 
that use these  technologies,  as  well  as  drip  irrigation  
systems and  these  it  is  pointed  out  that  there  are  

 

https://doi.org/10.37547/ajahi/Volume05Issue05-03
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajahi/Volume05Issue05-03
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajahi/Volume05Issue05-03
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajahi/Volume05Issue05-03


American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations 10 https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajahi 

American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations (ISSN: 2771-2559) 
 

 

no  effective mechanisms   of   state   support   for   local   
producers supplying systems components. 

Agricultural reforms, the transfer of land to private 
clusters and cooperatives made it possible to increase 
productivity in cotton growing by an average of 10% 
per year. 

As a result of the introduction of the cluster system in 
the cotton industry and the complete cancellation of 
the state order, the cotton raw materials grown today  

are being processed in the entire republic. 

In   addition   to   the   above, extensive   use   of 
agricultural   science   and   technology   development 
achievements, advanced practices in the cotton 
industry is causing the increasing shortage of resources, 
the deterioration of the quality of land and water 
resources, and   environmental pollution due   to 
environmental  

problems. Therefore, in today's era, when the danger 
of environmental problems for people is increasing, 
there is an increasing need to use alternative, 
ecologically safe methods of developing the cotton 
industry. In relation to the development of the cotton 
industry in clusters based on scientific achievements, 
the occurrence of environmental pollution, the 
increase of harmful chemical compounds for living 
creatures in the food, atmosphere, and drinking water 
produced in the   agricultural   sector, the   de 
terioration   of   the mechanical, agrochemical    and    
land    reclamation conditions. is also causing. 

Therefore, modern   agricultural   science, the process 
of organizing production in the field of cotton 
production should be carried out together with the 
implementation of the urgent task of maintaining 
ecological balance.  This, in turn, requires the regular 
introduction into practice of innovative technologies, 
ecological agrotechnics, and socio-economic 
mechanisms that encourage the implementation of 
environmental activities. 

Life   proves   that   natural   resources, natural resources 
gifted to us by nature, are not stable and inexhaustible, 
always renewable resources, as we think, but very rare, 
in most cases, they cannot be replaced or restored.  
That is why the issue of using natural resources 
economically, avoiding wastage and pollution, and 
most importantly, using technologies that replace used 
resources (for example, returning humus and nutrients 
to the soil after harvest) is not only an environmental 
issue, but also an economic issue. 

Creating solutions to environmental problems in 
agriculture, preventing the deterioration of the 
environmental situation, requires conducting targeted 
scientific research, as well as encouraging the 

introduction of the results of this research into 
production. The complexity of the issue is that in most 
cases, environmental measures are either 
economically inefficient for the entrepreneur or 
require additional costs (taking into account that the 
entrepreneur's goal is to make more profit). 

As a topical solution to the problem, attention is 
currently being paid to the development of organic 
cotton farming in our republic. Ecological production 
(in agriculture, the terms "ecological", "organic", "eco" 
have essentially the same meaning). 

Ecological agriculture is primarily understood as a 
production method that does not have negative 
consequences for the environment. This involves 
paying attention to preserving biological diversity in the 
region, achieving harmony with nature, and using 
methods that allow maintaining the biological activity 
of microorganisms in the soil in crop fields. Within the 
framework of ecological agriculture, pesticides and 
herbicides are not used, and the use of mineral 
fertilizers is sharply reduced. The biological state of the 
soil is maintained through a crop rotation system. 

Since cotton fiber produced within the framework of 
organic cotton farming is classified as a technical 
product, it does not have such a strong environmental 
significance as grain, horticulture, viticulture or 
vegetable growing, it is extremely relevant in terms of 
food value due to the widespread consumption of 
cottonseed oil. On the other hand, the low pollution 
damage caused by organic cotton farming to the 
environment further increases the importance of 
developing organic production, which requires 
support. 

Thus, in the fight against environmental problems, it is 
primarily intended to establish and adhere to pollution 
limits that can be observed by introducing methods, 
technical means and technologies that pollute the 
environment less, or to establish and adhere to them, 
the minimum harmful levels for living nature and 
humanity. 

We believe that the implementation of measures 
related to the prevention of environmental problems 
arising from the development of the cotton sector 
should be carried out within the following three 
groups: 

- the first group - a set of restrictive (penal) measures 
within the limits of environmental pollution indicators 
applicable to the cotton sector and entities related to 
the cotton sector; 

- the second group - a set of economic incentive 
measures to create environmental methods, 
mechanisms, and tools in accordance with the level of 



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American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations (ISSN: 2771-2559) 
 

 

their widespread use; 

- the third group - a set of measures promoting and 
advocating the importance of environmental measures 
for the environment and society, and calling for the 
implementation of environmental measures. The third 
group includes the activities of secondary specialized 
and higher educational institutions that train specialists 
in the field of ecology and science. 

One of the important measures aimed at reducing the 
level of environmental pollution should be optimization 
measures related to optimizing the amount (weight) of 
cotton acreage in the composition of arable land in 
cotton-growing regions. This is due to the fact that the 
soil ecology of arable land has deteriorated due to 
cotton monoculture. Based on the optimization of the 
weight of cotton acreage, it is possible to increase the 
amount of humus in the arable layer of soil, increase 
soil fertility, and reduce the amount of toxic chemicals 
used to protect plants by eliminating foci of cotton 
diseases and insects in the soil. 

Due to the large amount of water required for cotton 
irrigation, the inadequacy of irrigation networks and 
outdated irrigation methods, and most importantly, 
the difficulty of introducing water payments, water 
consumption in cotton farming remains very high. 
Although excess water consumption is considered an 
economically inefficient resource consumption, its 
potential as a source of environmental problems is 
often overlooked. 

Excessive water resources consumed in cotton farming 
are a source of environmental pollution, increasing the 
level of groundwater and causing secondary 
salinization of the soil. Excess water consumption is a 
cause of leaching of the fertile topsoil, i.e., water 
erosion. 

Excessive water consumption in irrigation not only 
leads to the leaching of nutrients dissolved in the soil, 
which leads to a wasteful consumption of resources, 
but also pollutes water bodies with toxic chemical 
compounds due to the release of most of the mineral 
fertilizers into the groundwater. The increase in the 
level of mineralization of water in water bodies leads to 
a decrease in the quality of water used for irrigation, 
and chemical compounds are carried to the fields with 
mineralized water. 

Thus, the use of land and water resources, mineral 
fertilizers, and various toxic chemicals in the cotton 
production process creates conditions for 
environmental pollution, and therefore is considered a 
source of environmental problems. Assessing cotton 
production as a source of environmental pollution and 
understanding the nature of environmental sources 
allows us to take appropriate measures to reduce the 

scale of pollution. 

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 

It can be widely used in developing measures to 
develop the cotton sector and initiate work to prevent 
environmental problems arising in this process; in 
studying the theoretical aspects of environmental 
problems related to the development of the cotton 
sector; in implementing measures to develop 
environmental awareness among agricultural 
managers and specialists and among the rural 
population; and in improving the legal and 
organizational foundations of the processes of 
eliminating environmental problems in the 
development of the cotton sector. 

A theoretical conclusion can be drawn from this: when 
environmental pollution can become a problem, if 
human rights are violated as a result of the pollution of 
the residential area during the production of products. 
The restoration of this property right indicates that the 
problem of pollution has been eliminated (although the 
source of the environmental problem has not been 
eliminated).   However, under   such   circumstances, 
property rights are constantly in conflict.  Because the 
right of companies producing cotton raw materials or 
toxic chemicals that have a negative impact on human 
health to make a profit by producing products 
necessary for society, and the rights of other members 
of society to drink clean water, breathe clean air and 
live a healthy life are reciprocal. a conflict arises. 

The issue of reducing the level of pollution and keeping 
the level of pollution at a less harmful limit is discussed, 
taking the continuation of the process of 
environmental pollution as a problem that cannot be 
completely    eliminated    simultaneously    with    the 
development of the cotton industry. 

Based   on   the   above   scientific   and   practical 
conclusions, the   following   proposals   are   put 
forward: 

- local organic fertilizers should be used more to 
increase the productivity of cultivated areas in the 
cluster; 

- cotton   growing   clusters   should   not   cause 
environmental damage to the population living near 
the cultivated fields; 

- environmental education in our country should 
start from every family, and also it is appropriate to 
teach   the   issue   of   ecology   as   a   science   in   the 
educational programs of schools and higher 
educational institutions; 

- in the process of growing products in clusters 
specialized in cotton production, chemical means 
should be used according to scientifically based 



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American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations (ISSN: 2771-2559) 
 

 

standards; 

- it is required to establish regular provision of 
information, data, recommendations on 
environmental education    through    other    mass    
media,   Internet networks; 

- the issue of ecology and environmental 
protection should be taught more widely as a separate 
subject in all areas of higher education and colleges in 
the field of agriculture. 

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